WO2010009144A2 - Apparatus configured to provide a wavelength-swept electro-mangnetic radiation - Google Patents
Apparatus configured to provide a wavelength-swept electro-mangnetic radiation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010009144A2 WO2010009144A2 PCT/US2009/050563 US2009050563W WO2010009144A2 WO 2010009144 A2 WO2010009144 A2 WO 2010009144A2 US 2009050563 W US2009050563 W US 2009050563W WO 2010009144 A2 WO2010009144 A2 WO 2010009144A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- wavelength
- arrangement
- electromagnetic radiation
- approximately
- exemplary
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012014 optical coherence tomography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001574 biopsy Methods 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000023514 Barrett esophagus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000023665 Barrett oesophagus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000009030 Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000028399 Critical Illness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010058314 Dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000205 computational method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004624 confocal microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002808 connective tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001839 endoscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005305 interferometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013188 needle biopsy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/14—External cavity lasers
- H01S5/141—External cavity lasers using a wavelength selective device, e.g. a grating or etalon
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/10—Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/105—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity, e.g. by controlling the cavity length
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
- H01S5/023—Mount members, e.g. sub-mount members
- H01S5/02325—Mechanically integrated components on mount members or optical micro-benches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/1003—Waveguide having a modified shape along the axis, e.g. branched, curved, tapered, voids
- H01S5/101—Curved waveguide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/14—External cavity lasers
- H01S5/141—External cavity lasers using a wavelength selective device, e.g. a grating or etalon
- H01S5/143—Littman-Metcalf configuration, e.g. laser - grating - mirror
Definitions
- an instantaneous linewidth of 10 GHz is sufficiently narrow since it provides a ranging depth of a few millimeters in tissues in optical coherence tomography and a micrometer-level transverse resolution in spectrally-encoded confocal microscopy.
- the linewidth of an order of 10 GHz can be achievable by using an intracavity tuning element such as an acousto-optic filter, Fabry-Perot filter, and galvanometer-driven grating filter.
- intracavity wavelength tuning has been demonstrated at repetition rates exceeding 100 kHz.
- Imaging technologies have the potential to be beneficial within the field of new POC technologies, facilitating the physician to see deeper, with higher resolution, and with greater contrast than with the naked eye.
- imaging can provide crucial diagnostic information (see Y. Beaulieu, "Bedside echocardiography in the assessment of the critically ill,” Crit Care Med 35, S235-S249 (2007)), guide procedures (see S. Gupta and D. Madoff, "Image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy in cancer diagnosis and stagin,” Tech Vase Interv Radiol 10, 88-101 (2007); and B. D. Goldberg, N. V.
- Optical frequency domain imaging is a high-resolution (e.g., -10 ⁇ m), cross-sectional, fiber-optic imaging method and/or procedure that facilitate a measurement of tissue microstructure, birefringence (correlated to collagen that may be found in blood vessel adventitia), blood flow (Doppler), and absorption.
- birefringence correlated to collagen that may be found in blood vessel adventitia
- blood flow Doppler
- absorption See S. H. Yun, C. Boudoux, G. J. Tearney, and B. E. Bouma, "High-speed wavelength-swept semiconductor laser with a polygon-scanner-based wavelength filter," Optics letters 28, 1981-1983 (2003); and M. A. Choma, K. Hsu, and J. A.
- OFDI systems can generally comprise three exemplary elements; a) a rapidly swept laser, b) a fiber- based interferometer, and c) detection and processing electronics.
- a portable OFDI system can preferably utilize miniature components for all three elements.
- exemplary embodiments of an apparatus configured to provide a wavelength-swept electro-magnetic radiation and a compact laser providing wavelength-swept emission can be provided, e.g., a miniature wavelength-swept laser.
- Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure describe a laser source or apparatus which can be miniaturize, and that can produce a wavelength-swept optical emission.
- the source can emit a narrowband spectrum with its center wavelength being swept over a broad wavelength range at a high repetition rate.
- certain exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a laser resonator whose dimensions can be reduced so that the round trip transit time of light within the resonator is brief relative to the scanning rate of the optical filter.
- the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can facilitate a generation of a wavelength-swept emission at high repetition rates without reducing emitted power or temporal coherence.
- the laser resonator length can correspond to a round-trip optical transit time of less than about 0.7 ns and the laser emits more than about 10 mW of average power, while the wavelength can be repetitively swept over a wavelength range of more than 80 nm.
- the instantaneous line- width of the laser can be made to fall between about 0.05 nm and 0.3 nm, an exemplary range that can be beneficial for interferometric ranging and biomedical imaging procedures; a more narrow line-width can result in increased background noise through coherent interference and a broader line-width can result in a decreased coherence length.
- a laser source can be provided which can be based on a tunable optical filter using a reflection grating and a miniature resonant scanning mirror.
- the exemplary laser source can have a 100 nm bandwidth centered at about 1310 nm, approximately 0.15 nm instantaneous line width, and either about 1 or 16 kHz repetition rates with approximately 10 mW output power.
- the entire exemplary laser source system can be roughly the size of a deck of cards as shown in Fig.
- an apparatus for providing electromagnetic radiation to a structure can be provided.
- the apparatus can provide at least one electromagnetic radiation, and include at least one first arrangement which can be configured to generate the electromagnetic radiation(s) having at least one wavelength that varies over time.
- the exemplary apparatus can also include at least one second arrangement which can be configured to power the first arrangement(s) independently from an external power source.
- such second arrangement(s) can be self contained with respect to providing power to the first arrangement(s).
- the wavelength(s) can vary over a range that is approximately greater than 80 nm.
- the electromagnetic radiation(s) can have a spectral width of approximately between 0.05 nm and 0.3 nm.
- a variation of the wavelength(s) can be repetitive over a characteristic frequency of approximately greater than 15 kHz.
- the first arrangement(s) can include a resonant cavity that has a roundtrip optical transit time of approximately less than 0.7 nsec.
- the wavelength(s) can vary at a rate of approximately greater than 100 THz per millisecond.
- the apparatus can include at least one particular arrangement which is configured to generate the electromagnetic radiation(s) having at least one wavelength that varies over time.
- the particular arrangement(s) can include a resonant cavity that has a roundtrip optical transit time of approximately less than 0.7 nsec.
- the wavelength(s) can vary over a range that is approximately greater than 80 nm.
- the electromagnetic radiation(s) can have a spectral width of approximately between 0.05 nm and 0.3 nm.
- a variation of the wavelength(s) can be repetitive over a characteristic frequency of approximately greater than 15 kHz.
- the wavelength(s) can also vary over a range that is approximately greater than 80 nm.
- the exemplary apparatus can also include at least one further arrangement which can be configured to power the particular arrangement(s) independently from an external power source. Further, the wavelength(s) can vary at a rate of approximately greater than 100 THz per millisecond.
- Fig. l(a) is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a wavelength-swept source (e.g., laser) which can be relative small or miniaturized according to the present invention
- Fig. l(b) is an exemplary photograph of the exemplary embodiment of the wavelength-swept source shown in Fig. l(a);
- Fig. 2 is a graph of exemplary emission characteristics of the miniature wavelength-swept laser according to the present disclosure.
- Fig. 3 is a graph of an exemplary signal roll-off as a function of depth in the forward sweep direction according to the present disclosure
- Fig. 4 is a graph of an exemplary signal roll-off as a function of depth in the backward sweep direction according to the present disclosure
- Fig. 5 is a graph of an exemplary axial point-spread function in the forward and backward sweep directions according to the present disclosure
- Fig. 6 is a graph of an exemplary output power stability trace of the miniature wavelength-swept laser according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. l(s) An exemplary embodiment of a laser arrangement 50 according to the present disclosure is shown in Fig. l(s).
- the exemplary laser arrangement 50 illustrated in Fig. l(a) can be based on, e.g., a tunable optical filter using a reflection grating 110 and a miniature resonant scanning mirror 120.
- the gain arrangement 100 (which includes a gain element 105) of the laser arrangement 50 can be or include a semiconductor optical amplifier, in which the waveguide can be terminated at one end by a normal-incidence facet, forming an output coupler, and at the second end by an angled facet, which delivers light to an external cavity.
- Wavelength selection is accomplished using an 1200 I/mm diffraction grating, oriented to an angle of incidence of approximately 80 degrees, followed by the resonant scanning galvanometer mirror 120 and a fixed mirror 130.
- the resonant mirror 120 can rotate, the output wavelength of the laser arrangement can be swept in time.
- the fixed mirror 130 can facilitate the laser arrangement to operate in the so-called "2X configuration", which can provide a broader tuning bandwidth and an improved axial resolution.
- the exemplary resonant mirror 120 can be driven with a high Q resonant electric drive circuit that can utilize a very low electrical power.
- the resonant mirror 120 can be operated for long periods of time with a 9 V battery.
- the laser arrangement (e.g., the source) can be driven with commercially available miniature laser and temperature controllers and powered by, e.g., 3V lithium batteries.
- the entire exemplary laser arrangement, including optics and electronics, can be configured with a form factor that can be approximately the size of a deck of cards, as shown in Fig. l(b).
- An exemplary embodiment of the laser arrangement 50 can produce a tuning range of about 75 nm centered at about 1340 nm and an instantaneous line-width of about 0.24 nm.
- These exemplary specifications can correspond to an OFDI axial resolution of about 8 ⁇ m and a coherence length of greater than about 3.5 mm (as shown in Figs. 3 and4)).
- the bidirectional wavelength sweep pattern of the laser (e.g., at a duty cycle of about 87.6%) can produce an average output power of about 6 mW while operating the resonant scanner at either about 1 kHz or 15.3 kHz.
- a graph of an exemplary axial point-spread function in the forward and backward sweep directions according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in Fig. 5.
- an exemplary graph of an output power stability trace of the miniature wavelength- swept laser according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in Fig. 6.
- Driving the resonant mirror 120 with a high Q resonant electric drive circuit can result in a very low power consumption.
- the mirror can be driven for more than about 1 hour with a single 9V battery.
- an exemplary semiconductor source can be operated with commercially available miniature laser and temperature controllers and powered by 3V lithium batteries.
- the battery-powered configuration has been tested for over an hour with only minimal drop in output power. This exemplary operating duration can be sufficient for point-of-care deployment in which about 10-15 minute operation can be anticipated, followed by recharging time between applications.
- the laser arrangement 50 can be a 1 kHz system.
- Such exemplary system can provide, e.g., about 10 mW average power, 65 % duty cycle, 97.5 nm Tuning range, ranging depth greater than 2mm.
- the exemplary grating 110 of this system can be about 830 I/mm.
- the laser arrangement 50 can be a 15.3 kHz system.
- Such exemplary system can provide, e.g., about 6.0 mW average power, approximately 85.7 % duty cycle, 75 nm tuning range, with an exemplary ranging depth greater than about 1.75 mm.
- the exemplary grating 110 of this system can be about 1200 I/mm.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/003,983 US20110255561A1 (en) | 2008-07-14 | 2009-07-14 | Apparatus configured to provide a wavelength-swept electro-magnetic radiation |
JP2011518846A JP2011528191A (en) | 2008-07-14 | 2009-07-14 | Apparatus for providing wavelength-swept electromagnetic radiation |
EP09798665.7A EP2304854A4 (en) | 2008-07-14 | 2009-07-14 | Apparatus configured to provide a wavelength-swept electro-mangnetic radiation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US8058008P | 2008-07-14 | 2008-07-14 | |
US61/080,580 | 2008-07-14 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010009144A2 true WO2010009144A2 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
WO2010009144A3 WO2010009144A3 (en) | 2010-05-14 |
Family
ID=41550993
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2009/050563 WO2010009144A2 (en) | 2008-07-14 | 2009-07-14 | Apparatus configured to provide a wavelength-swept electro-mangnetic radiation |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110255561A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2304854A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2011528191A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010009144A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140307752A1 (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2014-10-16 | The General Hospital Corporation | Apparatus and method which can include center-wavelength selectable, bandwidth adjustable, spectrum customizable, and/or multiplexable swept-source laser arrangement |
CN106300009A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-01-04 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Length scanning ECLD |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT403101B (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1997-11-25 | Walter Helmut Dipl Ing Dr | Miniature laser for human and veterinary medical use |
US5272716A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1993-12-21 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Hand held laser apparatus |
JP3526671B2 (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 2004-05-17 | アンリツ株式会社 | Laser light source device |
JPH09253224A (en) * | 1996-03-25 | 1997-09-30 | Soken Kenkyusho:Kk | Portable laser therapeutic apparatus |
US5928220A (en) * | 1997-06-10 | 1999-07-27 | Shimoji; Yutaka | Cordless dental and surgical laser |
US6142650A (en) * | 1997-07-10 | 2000-11-07 | Brown; David C. | Laser flashlight |
US6495833B1 (en) * | 2000-01-20 | 2002-12-17 | Research Foundation Of Cuny | Sub-surface imaging under paints and coatings using early light spectroscopy |
US7567349B2 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2009-07-28 | The General Hospital Corporation | Speckle reduction in optical coherence tomography by path length encoded angular compounding |
EP2293031B8 (en) * | 2003-10-27 | 2024-03-20 | The General Hospital Corporation | Method and apparatus for performing optical imaging using frequency-domain interferometry |
WO2006050453A1 (en) * | 2004-11-02 | 2006-05-11 | The General Hospital Corporation | Fiber-optic rotational device, optical system and method for imaging a sample |
WO2006079100A2 (en) * | 2005-01-24 | 2006-07-27 | Thorlabs, Inc. | Compact multimode laser with rapid wavelength scanning |
JP3119513U (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2006-03-02 | 文欽 林 | Portable photon irradiation device |
US7848382B2 (en) * | 2008-01-17 | 2010-12-07 | Daylight Solutions, Inc. | Laser source that generates a plurality of alternative wavelength output beams |
-
2009
- 2009-07-14 WO PCT/US2009/050563 patent/WO2010009144A2/en active Application Filing
- 2009-07-14 US US13/003,983 patent/US20110255561A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-07-14 JP JP2011518846A patent/JP2011528191A/en active Pending
- 2009-07-14 EP EP09798665.7A patent/EP2304854A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of EP2304854A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2304854A4 (en) | 2013-12-11 |
WO2010009144A3 (en) | 2010-05-14 |
EP2304854A2 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
JP2011528191A (en) | 2011-11-10 |
US20110255561A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
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