WO2010008323A1

WO2010008323A1 - Laser beacon for a landing glide slope system

Info

Publication number: WO2010008323A1
Application number: PCT/RU2009/000346
Authority: WO
Inventors: Петр Николаевич СЫГУРОВ
Original assignee: МОЧАЛОВ, Владимир Николаевич
Priority date: 2008-07-18
Filing date: 2009-07-09
Publication date: 2010-01-21

Abstract

The invention relates to a laser beacon for a landing glide slope system and a laser emitter for said laser beacon. Moreover said laser emitter may be used separately. The inventive laser beacon is characterised by the block-modular design thereof in accordance with the design of blocks, a thermal control system, the elements thereof, the relative positions of said components and the relationships therebetween and the control and test systems thereof. The inventive laser emitter is also characterised by the block-modular design thereof in accordance with the design of elements and blocks and the relative positions and relationships thereof. The invention makes it possible to increase the reliability and service life of the device, to reduce overall dimensions and weight thereof, improve the control of the internal temperature mode during operation, to reduce the energy consumption by the device, to ease the maintenance and use thereof, to extend the conditions of the use of the device without changing the structural design thereof, including during operation.

Description

LASER BEACON

COURSE SYSTEM AND

LASER RADIATOR

Technical field

The proposal relates to optical devices of optical navigation systems, in particular, using low-power laser radiation sources to create extended rays in space, including visible radiation, designed to indicate the direction or target, in particular, allowing the crews of aircraft to visually perceive extended rays and determine your location in space relative to the glide path of the descent and the approach rate on the runway.

State of the art

Optical navigation systems are known in various designs, where powerful sources of coherent or incoherent radiation are used as beacons of optical navigation systems (for example, see [Patent SU 1828036, [Samara Aggregate Production Association] 01/13/1989, B64F 1/18; “Electronics: HTB "N ° 3, 1999, e. 46-49, I. Olikhov, L. Kosovsky" Mobile laser three-color navigation system "and Patent RU 2248299, 12.02.2002, B63B 51/00]). Until now known systems for airport lighting equipment have the following disadvantages: a) piloting errors of a natural or subjective nature at a distance of less than 200 meters from the edge of the runway are avoided in order to avoid blinding the crew with high-density radiation sources when approaching the aircraft; b) significant energy consumption to ensure operability with low system reliability; c) the complexity of maintenance and replacement of elements of optical navigation systems under operating conditions, the need to fly over the landing system when replacing emitters and optical elements of beacons; d) the flexibility of the known structures is limited, in particular, from the point of view of the detection range of the crew of the glide and glide rays under adverse weather conditions.

The closest in technical essence and the obtained technical result is the Gliccada-04 laser beacon of the directional glide landing system used at the Kypymoch international airport (see http://www.airport.samara.ru/. [Industry News, “At the Kurumoch International Airport, tests are carried out on the unique landing system Glycada-04,” Kurumoch Airport, press release October 25, 2005]). The Glycada-04 laser beacon contains a monoblock, in which the emitter is placed, a heating system, including electric heating of the output glass of the emitter case, and a control system with a radio-transmitting device, a module control circuitry connected to laser diode control circuits. The emitter includes a housing, laser modules, each of which contains a laser diode and an output collimator. Laser modules are configured to adjust the laser diode beams to a remote point and a mechanism for their rigid fixation is provided. Power consumption of one beacon - 100 W, dimensions of one beacon 1000cmx500cmx350cm, durability - 5-7 years, only 2 people can serve the system.

The main advantages of the well-known Glycada-04 laser beacon are the increase in profitability, durability and operational reliability compared to previously known ones, increase in accuracy of guidance on course and glide path, decrease in the crew’s vision, the ability to land aircraft in conditions of extremely poor visibility ( at dusk, at night, in bad weather), ensuring flight safety, reducing the size, weight of the product. At the same time, in the Glycada-04 laser beacon - prototype, further increase in radiation power, increase in its reliability, durability, and reduction in energy consumption are limited. It is difficult to maintain it, replace its elements under operating conditions, and it is necessary to fly over the landing system when replacing the emitters and optical elements of the Glicada-04 laser beacon. In addition, as in previously known laser beacons, the flexibility of its structures is limited, in in particular, from the point of view of the range of detection by the crew of the aircraft of course-glide path rays under adverse weather conditions.

Known laser emitters to indicate the direction (see, for example, [Patent US 5394430, 02.28.1995, H01S 3/08 and Patent RU 2315405, 06/08/2006, H01S 5/022]).

The closest in technical essence and the obtained technical result is a laser emitter for indicating the direction (see [Patent RU 2315405, 06/08/2006, H01S 5/022]), including a housing having connectors for connecting the power supply, and a cover with an exit window, located at an angle to the direction of the output radiation. There are at least two laser modules in the housing. A semiconductor laser diode and a collimator / lens mounted with the possibility of its movement along the optical axis are located in the housing of each module. Laser modules are placed in individual cells made in a single holder of heat-conducting material. Each cell has a mechanism for fixing the position of the laser module in the cell, which ensures the angular movement of the laser module relative to the case of the emitter. There are thermo-refrigerators connected on one base to the holder, and on the other, rigidly connected to the radiator from the side of its inner surface. A radiator is built into the laser emitter housing from the side of its rear wall for additional heat removal. The modules are arranged to provide maximum output radiation density. There is a heater for the emitter housing, a board for monitoring and controlling the temperature of the laser modules, a module control circuit connected to the laser diode control circuits. The laser module housing has mating sections of the outer surface of a spherical and cylindrical shape, and the mechanism for fixing the laser module in the holder cell is made with the possibility of moving the laser module relative to the holder along the radiation direction of the module and consists of two washers with an inner surface of a spherical shape mating with a spherical section of the housing surface modules, one of which has a threaded connection to the holder cell, and a nut, also having a threaded connection to the holder cell, both ensures, fixing the position of the spherical portion of the housing of the module between the washers. The modules are located symmetrically on both sides of the longitudinal axis of symmetry perpendicular to the output of radiation. The main advantages of the known laser emitter are the generation of laser radiation with high power and, most importantly, an increase in the optical power density in the laser beam by at least 0.6 N times (where N is the number of laser modules in the emitter) as compared with the known analogues. The emitter is characterized by increased reliability, because failure of one of the modules reduces the radiation power of the entire device by only 1 / N part. The design of the emitter as a whole is more resistant to climatic influences, while ensuring the tightness of the housing and the presence of a heating system for the housing and the possibility of cooling the laser module unit with thermo-refrigerators in combination with automatic maintenance of the set temperature of the laser module unit at extreme negative temperatures expands the scope of this design. It is possible to provide a working temperature range from minus 40 ⁰ C to plus 50 ⁰ C. At the same time, in the known design of the laser emitter, it is difficult to further increase the radiation power, increase its reliability, durability, and reduce energy consumption. This is determined by the design of the emitter and not sufficiently effective thermoregulation of the operating temperature in the emitter. In addition, the adjustment mechanism is very complicated. There is no way to change the laser modules during operation, you need to change the entire holder.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result of the proposed laser beacon of a directional glide landing system is to increase reliability and durability, reduce dimensions, weight, improve control of the internal temperature regime during operation, improve manageability and control, reduce power consumption of the product, simplify maintenance and use, expand conditions of applicability without changing its design, including in the process of work.

The technical result of the proposed laser emitter to indicate the direction is to increase reliability and durability, reduce dimensions, weight, improve control of the internal temperature regime during operation, improve manageability and control, reduce power consumption of the product, simplify maintenance and use, expanding the conditions of applicability without changing its design, including during operation.

In the first case, the task is solved by the fact that a laser beacon of a directional glide landing system for aircraft is proposed, including a monoblock with a cylindrical detachable housing having at least an end, a middle and an output part, and containing a transmitter comprising the housing located in the middle of the monoblock housing with at least two cuvettes, with a removable mini-block with a body in each cuvette, walls of the mini-block cases along the central axis of the emitter, a cavity of a given volume is formed, in each mini-block there is at least one extended pencil case with an individual laser diode in the base of the pencil case and an output collimator located in the output part of the pencil case, in the base and output part of the mini-block there are coaxial holes for fastening the pencil case after its preliminary alignment, and when the laser beacon is operating, the optical axes of laser radiation all laser diodes are brought together in one conditional point along the axis of the emitter, a thermoregulation system, including electrothermological control devices according to the number of miniblocks, and the base of the present mini-block is placed on the working surface of the corresponding electrothermal control device, a shut-off damper located between the output ends of the monoblock and the emitter, parallel to them, with the possibility of electrically heating the damper circuit, an electric heat exchanger placed in the end of the monoblock body, as well as a set of terminal temperature sensors, some of which placed in mini-blocks near each pencil case in close proximity to the laser diode in it, the other part specified by distributed at once over the entire volume of the monoblock, a control system with an integrated part of the control system located in the monoblock and including a microcontroller for generating control commands according to the values of the actual temperatures in each miniblock and monitored points of the monoblock volume, connected to a set of terminal temperature sensors and filter clogging and with a registration sensor position of the shutter flap petals, mini-block control circuitry connected to laser diode control circuits, radio receiver giving device and part of the control system external allocated is monobloc and control system with integrated control system, placed in a monoblock consisting microcontroller checks and the formation of the state command, and part of the control system, external, located outside the monoblock, the control and control systems are interconnected, with elements of the thermoregulation system and emitter.

The main difference between the proposed laser beacon of the directional glide landing system of aircraft (hereinafter referred to as the “Lighthouse Lighthouse”) from the prototype, its novelty and non-obviousness lies in its block-modular design in conjunction with the selection and execution of elements, blocks, systems, their mutual placement and with the laser room module (laser diode - output collimator) into the proposed pencil case of a replaceable mini-block, which allowed to significantly simplify the removal and replacement (if necessary) of the laser diode, as well as to simplify the device ovki and provide significant simplification and improvement of the accuracy of the alignment process. This provides simplified element interchangeability, controllability and control. At very different ambient temperatures: from minus 60 ⁰ C to plus 80 ⁰ C, the Emitter makes it possible to create the required operating temperature regime in the monoblock case (from minus 10 ⁰ C to plus 20 ⁰ C) to ensure the required operating temperature of laser diodes for preservation in during operation of the Emitter, stability of radiation power, wavelength, and alignment accuracy. The superposition of the radiation of laser diodes, mainly low-power, of both each mini-block and the monoblock radiator as a whole, provides the formation of spatially-extended luminous landmarks indicating the glide path and approach path. The brightness of the glow, the angles of inclination and the length of the landmarks provide the crew of the aircraft with sufficient information for an instant assessment of the location in space. The low aggregate radiation density of the Laser beacon is safe for the organs of vision of the aircraft crew, even if it directly hits the radiation spot at any distance from the emitter. The combination of features of the Laser beacon ensured the achievement of the technical result. Depending on the technical tasks, the technical result is also achieved by the fact that

- laser diodes during operation emit at the same wavelength;

- laser diodes during operation emit at different wavelengths;

- the wavelength of the laser diodes is in the visible range of radiation; - installed laser diodes of low power with high service life and reliability.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that pencil cases with laser diodes, when operating emitting at a longer wavelength, are placed on one circle of a larger radius relative to the central longitudinal axis of the emitter, and pencil cases with laser diodes, when operating emitting at a shorter wavelength, are placed on another circle smaller radius relative to the central longitudinal axis of the emitter.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the longitudinal axis of the cuvette and the mini-blocks are parallel to the coincident longitudinal axes of the emitter and the monoblock.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that, on the radiation output side, the pencil case has a cone-shaped tip, self-centering in the conical recess of the mini-block outlet, inside which the output collimator is fixed at a given distance from the laser diode along the optical axis of the laser radiation, on the opposite side there is a pencil base a tip with a laser diode and power and control leads with an outer surface in the form of an ellipsoid of revolution with grooves, for example, with four,

(possibly from three to seven) rigidly fixed between the walls of the hole in the base of the miniblock by a dielectric material with high thermal conductivity. In addition, wedges previously used for alignment may be in the grooves. The proposed allowed us to significantly simplify both the adjustment device and its implementation, to increase its accuracy. If necessary, the removal and replacement of laser diodes from replaceable mini-blocks is simplified.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the emitter has a regular p - faceted body, behind each face of which there is a cuvette with a mini-block, where n is at least three.

It is proposed that, perpendicular to the radiation output, the cross section of each cuvette and the corresponding miniblock has the shape of a trapezoid with a smaller base closer to the center of the emitter, forming the said central cavity and additional cavities between the emitter and monoblock housings, which reduces the influence of the ambient temperature on the operation of the emitter and all elements monoblock and ensure operability with constant radiation power over a wider range of ambient temperatures.

It is possible to create emitter enclosures with a different number of faces, which depends on the assigned tasks. Six- and octahedral emitter cases allow for the small size of the monoblock to place the required number of laser diodes, which create the necessary density of the radiated power while optimizing the temperature regime and power consumption. It is proposed that the emitter be made hexagonal, for each facet in the cuvette there is a corresponding miniblock with four canisters; in this case, three pencil cases with laser diodes emitting during operation at the same longer wavelength are located on an arc of one circle of a larger radius relative to the central longitudinal axis of the emitter, and one pencil case with a laser diode emitting during operation at a shorter wavelength is located on a conventional arc of the other circles of smaller radius relative to the central longitudinal axis of the emitter.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the emitter, each mini-block has an enlightened electrically heated output window to improve the output of radiation and reduce the dependence on the temperature of the external environment. In addition, in each mini-block the output window is located at a predetermined angle to the direction of radiation, to prevent reflected radiation from entering the canisters.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the output surface of the monoblock is placed at a predetermined distance from the output windows of the mini-blocks of the emitter, which prevents the ingress of precipitation, dust, etc. on exit windows of mini-blocks.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the radiators of the electrothermal control devices of all mini-blocks are located in the aforementioned central cavity, which makes it possible to reduce the dimensions of the emitter and the monoblock, and also improves the thermoregulation of laser diodes and ensures the stability of their radiation wavelengths throughout the entire period of operation.

In the proposed embodiment, the technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the end part of the monoblock case in the thermal control system there is a rough air filter, which is the end face of the monoblock case, next to it, inside the monoblock there is an electric fan, the mentioned electric the heat exchanger is located in the middle section of the split air box, there is also a fine air filter located near the base of the emitter, the filters are equipped with clogging sensors, while the power of the electrothermal control device is much less than the power of the electric heat exchanger. The proposed thermoregulation system allows for stable operation of the monoblock in a wide range of ambient temperatures.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the terminal temperature sensors are mainly located on the outer surface of the emitter base, opposite the radiation output, in the emitter housing at the level of the output window, at the side walls of the monoblock, on the shut-off valve, at the base of the monoblock, opposite the radiation output.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the radio transceiver and the built-in monitoring system are placed along the axis of the central output part of the monoblock.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the end and middle parts of the monoblock body are made dust and water tight.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that all systems and devices located in the end and output parts are connected to the systems and devices of the middle part of the Laser beacon with detachable electric and information cables.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the built-in part of the control system and the built-in control system are connected to each other, with the possibility of connecting a portable control panel of the Laser beacon. It should be noted that the remote control panel for the course-glide path system as a whole and each Laser beacon of the system separately, as an element of an external control system and an external control system, will be located at the workplace of the airport dispatcher.

The essence of the proposed new and non-obvious Laser beacon of the course-glide path landing system consists of the proposed emitter with removable mini-blocks containing the proposed pencil cases with laser diodes, with a simplified ability to remove and replace the latter, with the use of a simplified alignment device and a simplified adjustment of the pencil case, with the proposed thermal control systems and management and integrated control system, placed and inherently connected with the emitter and its elements and with each other.

We have achieved the aforementioned technical result - increasing reliability and durability, reducing the dimensions, weight, energy consumption of the product, simplifying maintenance and use, expanding the conditions of applicability of the proposed Laser beacon.

The technical implementation of laser beacon solutions is based on well-known basic technical and technological processes that are currently well developed and widely used. The proposal satisfies the criterion of “intended applicability)).

In the second case, the task is solved by the fact that the proposed laser emitter to indicate the direction, comprising a housing with at least two cuvettes, with a removable mini-block with a casing in each cuvette, the walls of the mini-blocks along the central axis of the radiator have a cavity of a given volume, each mini-block has at least one extended pencil case with an individual laser diode in the base of the pencil case and an output collimator located in the output part of the pencil case, there are co clear holes for attaching the pencil case after its preliminary alignment, moreover, when the laser beacon is operating, the optical axis of the laser radiation of all laser diodes are brought together at one conditional point along the axis of the emitter, the base of the corresponding miniblock is placed on the working surface of the corresponding electrothermal control device, at least one terminal temperature a sensor is located in each miniblock near each pencil case in close proximity to the laser diode in it, each sensor is connected to a microcontroller the scooter of a control and monitoring system including a mini-block control circuit connected to laser diode control circuits.

The main difference between the proposed laser emitter (hereinafter referred to as the “Transmitter”) from the prototype, its novelty and non-obviousness in its modular design in conjunction with the selection and execution of the elements, their mutual placement and with the placement of the laser module (laser diode - output collimator) in the proposed pencil case of a replaceable mini-block , which made it possible to greatly simplify the removal and replacement (if necessary) of the laser diode, as well as to simplify the alignment device and provide significant simplification and improving the accuracy of the alignment method. This provides simplified element interchangeability, controllability and control. At very different ambient temperatures: from minus 60 ⁰ C to plus 80 ⁰ C, the Emitter makes it possible to create the required operating temperature regime inside its case (from minus 10 ⁰ C to plus 20 ⁰ C) to ensure the required operating temperature of laser diodes for preservation in during operation of the Emitter, stability of radiation power, wavelength, and alignment accuracy. The superposition of the radiation of laser diodes, mainly of low power, of both each mini-block and the Emitter as a whole, provides the formation of spatially extended luminous landmarks indicating the glide path and the approach course. The low total radiation density of the Emitter is safe for the organs of vision of the crew of the aircraft even when it directly hits the radiation spot at any distance from the emitter. The set of characteristics of the Emitter provided the achievement of the technical result.

Depending on the technical tasks, the technical result is also achieved by the fact that

- laser diodes during operation emit at the same wavelength;

- laser diodes during operation emit at different wavelengths; - the wavelength of the laser diodes is in the visible range of radiation;

- installed laser diodes of low power with high service life and reliability.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that pencil cases with laser diodes, when operating emitting at a longer wavelength, are placed along the greater circumference of the Emitter, and pencil cases with laser diodes, when operating emitting at a shorter wavelength, are placed closer to the center of the Emitter.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the longitudinal axis of the cuvette and mini-blocks are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the Emitter. The technical result is also achieved by the fact that on the radiation output side, the pencil case has a cone-shaped tip, self-centering in the conical recess of the mini-block outlet, inside which the output collimator is fixed, for example, with a special nut with a spherical surface at a specified distance from the laser diode along the optical axis of the laser radiation , on the opposite side at the base of the pencil case there is a tip with a laser diode and power and control leads with an outer surface in the form of an ellipsoid of revolution with grooves, for example, four, rigidly fixed between the walls of the hole in the base of the miniblock by a dielectric material with high thermal conductivity. In addition, wedges previously used for alignment may be in the grooves. The proposed allowed us to significantly simplify both the adjustment device and its implementation, to increase its accuracy. If necessary, the removal and replacement of laser diodes from replaceable mini-blocks is simplified.

It is proposed that, perpendicular to the radiation output, the cross section of each cuvette and the corresponding miniblock has the shape of a trapezoid with a smaller base closer to the center of the Radiator, forming the said central cavity and additional cavities between the housing of the Radiator and the mini-blocks, which reduces the influence of the ambient temperature on the operation of the Radiator and ensures operability with a constant radiation power over a wider range of ambient temperatures.

It is possible to create emitter enclosures with a different number of faces, which depends on the assigned tasks. The six and eight-sided Radiator housings have an advantage, allowing, with its small dimensions, to accommodate the required number of laser diodes, which create the necessary density of radiated power at a comfortable temperature regime and power consumption. It is proposed that the emitter be made hexagonal, in each facet of the cuvette there is a corresponding mini-block with four pencil cases, while three pencil cases with laser diodes emitting during operation at one longer wavelength are located on an arc of one circle of a larger radius relative to the central longitudinal axis of the radiator, and one a pencil case with a laser diode emitting during operation at a shorter wavelength is located on a conventional arc of another circle of a smaller radius relative to the central longitudinal axis of the Emitter.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the Emitter, each mini-block has an enlightened electrically heated output window to improve the output of radiation and reduce the dependence on the ambient temperature. In addition, in each mini-block the output window is located at a given angle to the direction of radiation, to prevent reflected radiation from entering the canisters.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the radiators of all mini-blocks are located in the aforementioned central cavity, which makes it possible to reduce the dimensions of the Emitter and also improves the thermoregulation of laser diodes, thereby ensuring the stability of their radiation wavelength over the entire period of operation.

The new and non-obvious Emitter can significantly simplify maintenance and use, namely, simplify the removal and replacement (if necessary) of the laser diode, as well as simplify the alignment device and provide a significant simplification and increase the accuracy of the alignment method. The control system maintains at the base of the mini-block the temperature in the range recommended by the technical conditions for the operation of laser diodes, for various operating modes of the beacon in the range from minus 60 ⁰ C to plus 80 ⁰ C, namely, in standby mode and in the operating mode with adjustable radiation power. The reliability and durability of the Emitter are increased, the temperature control of the Emitter and mini-units is ensured during operation, that is, a significant reduction in energy consumption is provided, the conditions for applicability of the proposed Emitter are expanded without changing its design even during operation, the dimensions and weight are reduced, and maintenance and use are simplified. The aforesaid is ensured by the proposed modularity of the Elements of the Emitter, the designs of the mini-block and the pencil case in it, together with the selection and execution of the elements, their mutual placement and fastening.

The technical implementation of laser emitter solutions is based on well-known basic technical and technological processes that are currently well developed and widely used. The proposal satisfies the criterion of “intended applicability)).

Brief Description of the Drawings

This proposal is illustrated by figures 1 to 7.

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the proposed laser beacon. Figure 2 schematically shows a longitudinal section of a monoblock laser beacon.

Fig. 3 schematically shows a longitudinal section of an emitter of a laser beacon. In FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a mini-block.

Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a pencil case with a laser diode.

Figure 6 schematically shows a longitudinal section of a pencil case with an ellipsoidal tip.

7 schematically shows a longitudinal section of a laser emitter.

Embodiments of the invention

In the future, the utility model is illustrated with specific options for its implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples of modifications of the monoblock of the proposed Laser beacon of the course-glide slope landing system (hereinafter “Lighthouse”) and the laser emitter (hereinafter “Transmitter”) are not unique and suggest the presence of other implementations, the features of which are reflected in the totality of the features of the claims.

The proposed Laser beacon contains a monoblock 1, a control system 2, consisting of an integrated part of the control system 2a, located in the monoblock 1, and an external control system 26, located outside the monoblock 1, as well as a control system 3, consisting of an integrated control system For, located in monoblock 1, and an external monitoring system 36, located outside the monoblock 1 (see Figure 1). The monoblock 1 also houses the emitter of the Laser beacon, for convenience of presentation also referred to hereinafter as the Emitter 4, thermoregulation system 5 (see Figure 2). The housing 6 of the monoblock 1 in the form of a round straight cylinder is detachable and has an end 7, middle 8 and output 9 parts, while the end and middle parts are dust and water tight.

The considered Emitter 4 is designed to create a beam of laser radiation from laser diodes 10 and to ensure their information in one conditional “point” at a distance of 4 km along the axis of the emitter. The emitter 4 is placed in the middle part 8 of the housing 6. Thermoregulation system 5 is designed to maintain in the housing 6 of the monoblock 1 operating temperature in the range from minus 10 ⁰ C to plus 20 ⁰ C to ensure the operating temperature of the laser diodes 10 regulated by the technical conditions, at very different ambient temperatures: from minus 60 ⁰ C to plus 80 ⁰ C. Thermoregulation system 5 is distributed in all three parts of the housing 6.

Control system 2 is designed to control the course-glide path system as a whole and each Laser beacon of the system separately. The built-in part of the control system 2a, located in the monoblock 1, is designed to control the status of the Emitter 4 (standby mode and operating mode with adjustable radiation power), as well as the operation of the elements of the temperature control system 5.

The control system 2 is connected to the control system 3. The built-in control system Za is designed to check the integrity of the electrical circuits of the built-in part of the control system 2a, the operability of the Radiator 4 and the elements of the thermoregulation system 5 by comparing the actual characteristics with those incorporated in the structure, forming an integral state assessment and transmission through the control system 2 signals that Radiator 4 is ready for operation. There is a remote control panel for the course-glide path system as a whole and each Laser beacon of the system separately, as an element of an external control system 26 and an external control system 36 (located at the workstation of the airport dispatcher and is not shown in the figures).

The considered Emitter 4 (see FIG. 3) is equipped with eighteen laser diodes 10a with a radiation wavelength of 630 nm and six laser diodes 106 with a radiation wavelength of 585 nm. The emitter 4 is enclosed in the housing 11 in the form of a regular hexagonal parallelepiped and forms six peripheral cavities 12 between the faces of the housing 11 and the housing 6 of the monoblock 1. In the emitter 4 there are six cuvettes 13, each of which, as in the guide, contains an easily removable miniblock 14, each with its body, in cross section having the shape of a trapezoid (see Figure 4). The large bases of the trapezoid form a face 15 of the minibus 14, parallel to the face of the Emitter 4. The smaller bases of the trapezoid form a face 16 of the mini-block 14 located closer to the center of the Emitter 4. The faces 16 define laterally the central cavity 17 of the Emitter 4. Each mini-block 14 has four coaxial pairs holes 18 and 19, respectively, at its base 20 and output portion 21. An extended pencil case 22 is placed in each pair (see FIG. 5). In the case 22, there is a corresponding laser diode 10a or 106 and an output collimator 23. Each laser diode 10a or 106 is mounted on the end of an ellipsoidal tip 24 placed inside the case and being its base (see FIG. 6). The ellipsoidal tip 24 has an outer surface in the form of an ellipsoid of revolution (in cross section is an ellipse of small eccentricity). Four grooves 25 are made along the ellipsoidal surface. In each of them there is a wedge 26, previously used to align the case 22 in the mini-block 14 (there may be no wedges 26 in part or in all grooves 25). The free space between the inner surface of the walls of the hole 18 in the base 20 of the mini-block 14 and the outer surface of the tip 24 of the canister 22 and the remaining in the mentioned grooves 25 is filled with dielectric material with high thermal conductivity, which provides a rigid fixation of the canister 22 in the mini-block 14. The heat-conducting properties of the dielectric material are close to the heat-conducting the properties of the structural materials of the pencil case 22 and the body of the mini-block 14.

On the opposite side, on the radiation output side, the case 22 (see FIG. 5) has a cone-shaped tip 27 that self-centers in the conical recess of the outlet 19 of the mini-block 14. Inside the conical tip 27, the output collimator 23 is fixed with a special nut with a spherical surface (on figures not shown). Tips 24 and 27 have a tight fit in the case 22.

Cases 22 with laser diodes 10a, three in each mini-block 14, are evenly spaced along one circle closer to the outer edge of the Emitter 4, and pencil cases 22 with laser diodes 106, one in each mini-block 14, are uniformly located on the other circle closer to the inner part Emitter 4.

On the output side of the radiation, each mini-block 14 has a bleached electrically heated output window 28.

The placement of the mini-blocks 14 in the Emitter 4 is carried out by fixing it in the front landing lock of the cuvette 13 and tightening it by tightening it with a bolt through the eye 29 of the mini-block 14 on the rear landing site of the cuvette 13. The longitudinal axis of the mini-blocks 14 and the cuvette 13 pairwise coincide and are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the Emitter 4, which coincides with the longitudinal axis of the monoblock 1.

The design of the Emitter 4, including the design of the mini-units 14 and the canisters 22, predetermined the simplicity of its assembly and the alignment process, ensured that the optical axes of the laser radiations of all the working laser diodes 10 were reduced at one conventional point along the axis of the emitter, for this example, at a distance of 4 kilometers.

We have simplified the adjustment device, including the said adjustment wedges 26, the adjustment method has been greatly simplified and its accuracy has been improved.

Significantly simplified removal and replacement (if necessary) of the laser diode

10a or 106. Consequently, the maintenance and use of the Emitter is simplified

4, as well as the Laser Beacon.

The thermoregulation system 5 (see Figure 2) consists of: - electrothermoregulating devices of small (12 watts) power 30 (hereinafter ETRU 30) with plates 31 L-shaped; on the working surfaces of each of them are placed the corresponding bases of 20 mini-blocks 14 (its end face and side surface in the central cavity 17);

- radiators 32 ETRU 30, placed on the surface opposite the working ETRU 30 in the Central cavity 17;

- shut-off damper 33, located between the output ends of the monoblock 1 and the Emitter 4, parallel to them, with the possibility of electric heating of the contour of the damper 33,

- a set of terminal temperature sensors 34, some of which are located in mini-blocks 14, one near each pencil case 22 in close proximity to the laser diode 10a or 106 in the pencil case 22 (not shown in the figures), while others are distributed throughout the volume of monoblock 1, namely, on the outer surface of the base of the Radiator 4, in its housing 11 at the level of the output window 28, at the shut-off damper 33 near the side walls of the monoblock 1, and at the end of the housing 6 of the monoblock 1, opposite the radiation output;

- filter coarse air 35, which is the end of the housing 6 of the monoblock 1;

- electric fan 36, placed inside the monoblock 1 next to the filter 35;

- electric heat exchanger increased (800 watts) power 37, placed in the middle section of a split air duct 38, - fine filter 39, located near the base

Emitter 4 and parallel to it.

Filters 35 and 39 are equipped with 40 clogging sensors.

In the output end 41 of the housing 6 of the monoblock 1, openings 42 are provided for outputting the radiation of the laser diodes 10, consistent with the location of the output windows 28 of the Emitter 4. The output end 41 is placed at a distance from the output windows 28 of the mini-blocks 14 of the Emitter 4 (output surface of the Emitter

3), which prevents the ingress of precipitation, dust, etc. on the weekend windows 28.

The built-in part of the control system 2a includes a microcontroller for generating control commands according to the actual temperatures in each mini-block 14 and monitored volume points of the monoblock 1, a mini-block 14 control circuitry connected to the laser diode control circuits 10, a radio transmitter and receiver unit 43. The microcontroller is connected to a set of temperature end sensors 34, clogging sensors 40 filters 32 and 36 and with a registration sensor 44 position of the petals of the shut-off damper 33. Elements of the integrated part of the system controls 2a are distributed in all three parts of the housing 6. The mentioned microcontroller, boards with mini-block control circuits and laser diode control circuits 10 are distributed among blocks 45 located in the end part 7 near the base of the Radiator 4. The built-in control system Za includes a microcontroller for checking and generating a status command. The radio-transmitting device 43 and the built-in monitoring system are placed along the axis of the central output part 9 of the monoblock 1.

All systems and devices located in the end 7 and output 9 parts are connected to the systems and elements of the middle 8 part of the Laser beacon by detachable electrical and information harnesses. Monoblock 1 has connecting electrical and mechanical connectors.

The control systems 2 and control 3 of the Laser beacon also include (not shown in the figures) a remote control panel, a portable control panel located outside the monoblock 1, as well as part of the electric and information communication cables, autonomous power supplies of various designs, which can be located as in monoblock 1, and outside it. The built-in part of control system 2a is connected to the built-in control system Za, there is a connector for the possibility of connecting a portable control panel of the Laser beacon. The housing 6 of the monoblock 1 has covers through which the required maintenance or replacement of the failed elements of the monoblock 1 can easily be carried out, including the mini-blocks 14 of the Radiator 4, the temperature control system 5, the integrated part of the control system 2a, the integrated control system For, which simplifies maintenance and use of the laser beacon. The elements of the systems and the Emitter 4 are optimally matched by weight and dimensions, which significantly reduced the weight and dimensions of the monoblock 1 of the Laser Beacon and the Emitter 4, as well as provide an optimally convenient arrangement of the elements of the systems and the Emitter 4. The latter also made it possible to simplify the maintenance of the monoblock 1 of the Laser beacon.

During the operation of the Laser beacon, the number and order of simultaneously emitting laser diodes 10 in each of the mini-blocks 14 is set by command of the control system 2 from the remote control panel, which ensures the preservation of the shape, indicatrix of radiation and determines the power of the Radiator 4 as a whole. The power supply of each laser diode 10 is autonomous and is produced by the control system 2 through the control circuit of the mini-blocks 14 connected to the control circuits of the laser diodes 10.

The temperature regime of the laser diodes 10 in the monoblock 1 is the same due to the almost equal thermal conductivity of the structural materials of the housing 6 of the monoblock 1, the housing 11 of the Emitter 4, the housing of the mini-block 14, the canister 22 used to fix the dielectric material, the structural features of the placement of the canisters 22 and the design of the miniblock 14, ETRU 30 works with radiators 32.

Temperature uniformity is ensured as a whole by the thermoregulation system 5 according to the commands of the control system 2 generated by the readings of the terminal temperature sensors 34 in the mini-blocks 14 and their comparison with the required calculated value. Bringing the temperature in the housing 11 of the Radiator 4 to the working temperature is carried out by reading the temperature values at the points of placement of the terminal temperature sensors 34, the operation of the electric fan 36, an electric heat exchanger of increased power 37 with air ducts 38, adjusting the position of the shutter flaps 33 and its temperature through the system control 2 (radio transceiver 43 and a microcontroller for checking and generating a status command of the built-in control system Za). The temperature of the laser diodes 10, regulated by the technical conditions their work is carried out in all six mini-blocks 14 using ETRU 30 at an operating temperature in the monoblock case from minus 10 ⁰ C to plus 20 ⁰ C.

Also, to maintain the operating temperature, the position of the petals of the shut-off damper 33 is used, namely, the closed position of the shut-off damper 33 allows you to quickly warm up or cool down the internal volume of the Emitter 4 at any ambient temperature and when the Laser beacon is in standby mode for switching on, and open the position to cool the internal volume of the Radiator 4 is transmitted by air pumped by a blower fan 36 at high positive ambient temperatures, which also protects the one window 28 mini-blocks 14 from dust and dripping rain in the form of rain, snow or fog.

In addition, the entire volume of air used to cool or heat the Radiator 4 is filtered through replaceable coarse 35 and fine 39 filters. During the operation of the Laser beacon, it is possible to use the built-in monitoring system To check the integrity of the electrical circuits and the operability of the Radiator 4, the thermoregulation system 5 and control 2 by comparing the actual characteristics with those laid down in the structure, forming an integrated condition assessment and transmitting the Radiator readiness signal through the control system 2 4 to work.

Laser beacon operates as follows. When voltage is applied to the Emitter 4 through an integrated control system, the control system 2 checks the health of the electric circuits of the mini-units 14, microcontrollers and end temperature sensors 34, the dust content of the filters 35 and 39, the position of the lobes of the shut-off damper 33, the radio-transmitting device 43, and also the control circuits of the mini-blocks 14 and laser diodes 10a and 106. In case of serviceability (passing the serviceability test), for the time specified by the technical task, the thermal stabilization system 5 is brought on the operating temperature in the housing 1 monoblock from -10 ⁰ C to +20 ⁰ C and regulated to specifications - for laser diodes 10a and 106.

Under normal weather conditions, two laser diodes are usually turned on: 106 and one 10a in each mini-block 14. The choice of the Laser Beacon Emitter 4 at two different wavelengths (in our case with a radiation wavelength of 630 nm is 10a and with a radiation wavelength of 585 nm - 106) due to the need creating a spatially extended beam visible at distances of up to 11 kilometers with a visibility range of 5 or less kilometers. On command from the airport control and dispatch center, the Radiator 4 is turned on via the remote control, and the banner “RADIATOR IS ON IN MODE 1” is constantly lit on the monitor of the remote control.

In the event of a malfunction (failure to test the health of the systems), control system 3 generates a consolidated command "RADIATOR FAULT) ^ which is transmitted and displayed on the remote control monitor at the airport control tower. When the aircraft enters the airport zone for boarding, the included heading system of three Laser beacons creates heading characters in space, providing the crew of the aircraft with the possibility of instant and visual positioning. After the aircraft lands, on command from the remote control unit, the radiation is turned off (the “RADIATOR OFF” banner lights up on the console monitor), the Laser beacon and the direction-gliding system as a whole are put into standby mode for the next turn-on, while all Laser Beacon systems are in working condition, the temperature regime is maintained optimal, the petals of the shut-off damper are either open or closed, depending on the temperature inside the emitter.

Under difficult weather conditions (intense rain, snow, fog), the radiation power of the Laser Beacon can be increased by the command of the airport controller through the remote control by switching on the third (50% increase) and fourth (100% increase) laser diodes 10a (s with a radiation wavelength of 630 nm] of each mini-block 14 (in this case, on the monitor of the remote control panel, the banners “RADIATOR IS ON IN MODE 2” or “THE RADIATOR IS ON IN MODE 3”).

The provision and control during operation of the temperature regime inside the monoblock 1, the emitter 4 and the mini-blocks 14 leads to a significant reduction in energy consumption by the laser beacon, to increase its reliability and durability.

In another example, the Laser Beacon Emitter 4 uses laser diodes 106. - of a single radiation wavelength equal to 540 nm, which is advisable to reduce the cost of the Laser beacon when working on local landing sites, with almost constant good visibility. In this case, the difference with the Laser beacon of the previous example is only in the configuration of mini-blocks 14 with laser diodes 106, in the programs of the control system 2 and control system 3, which are not the subject of this application.

In the case of completing the mini-blocks with 14 laser diodes 10 operating at different wavelengths, an extension of the applicability conditions of the proposed Laser beacon without changing its design is obtained. Changing the wavelength of the Emitter 4 affects the change in the application of the Laser beacon without changing the mini-blocks 14, but only by reconfiguring the control system 2 programs.

In the following example, the Laser emitter is used autonomously to indicate the direction (Emitter) (see Fig. 7). It is similar to the Emitter 4 considered in Example 1 (see Figures 3-6), in which additional blocks 46 of the control and monitoring system are installed in the central cavity 15. All of the above allowed the use of the Laser Beacon and

The emitter at ambient temperatures in the range from minus 60 ⁰ C to plus 80 ⁰ C, under adverse weather conditions with their sharp changes, as it is possible to quickly rebuild their operation mode. The optimum temperature is maintained in the housing 6 of the monoblock 1, in the Emitter 4 and in each of its mini-units 14. During the entire period of operation, the radiation of each laser diode 10 of the required wavelength and output power is preserved, as well as the reduction of the optical axes of the laser radiation of all laser diodes 10 v one conventional point along the axis of the emitter.

In the proposed Laser Beacon and Emitter, it is very simple to further increase the radiation power by increasing the number of cuvettes 13, pencil cases 20 in the mini-blocks 14, while maintaining the increased reliability and durability of the Laser beacon and Emitter, without significantly increasing energy consumption, weight and dimensions. We excluded the possibility of blinding the crew with radiation sources when approaching the aircraft.

Industrial applicability

The laser beacon of the course-glide path system and the laser emitter as part of the Laser beacon can be used to provide landing aircraft on the runways of aerodromes, on unequipped areas, pilotage of ships in bridge spans and on difficult waterways. In addition, the laser emitter can be used in lighting systems, spatial visualization in construction, show business and in education.

Claims

CLAIM

1. Laser beacon of the course-glide path system, including a monoblock with a cylindrical detachable body having at least an end, a middle and an output part, and containing an emitter located in the middle part of the monoblock body, including a body with at least two cuvettes, with a removable a mini-block with a body in each cuvette, walls of the mini-block bodies along the central axis of the emitter, a cavity of a given volume is formed, each mini-block has at least one extended pencil case with an individual laser diode at the base the pencil case and the output collimator located in the output part of the pencil case, in the base and output part of the mini-block there are coaxial holes for attaching the pencil case after its preliminary alignment, moreover, when the laser beacon is operating, the optical axis of the laser radiation of all laser diodes are brought together at one conventional point along the axis of the emitter, the system thermoregulation, including electrothermal control devices, according to the number of miniblocks, and the base of the corresponding miniblock is placed on the working surface of the corresponding electrotherm of the irrigation device, a shut-off damper located between the output ends of the monoblock and the emitter, parallel to them, with the possibility of electrically heating the damper circuit, an electric heat exchanger placed in the end of the monoblock body, as well as a set of terminal temperature sensors, some of which are located in mini-blocks near each canister close proximity to the laser diode in it, the other part in a predetermined manner distributed over the entire volume of the monoblock, a control system with an integrated part of the system control units located in a monoblock and including a microcontroller for generating control commands according to the values of actual temperatures in each miniblock and monitored volume points of the monoblock, connected to a set of end sensors for temperature and filter clogging and to a sensor for registering and positioning the shutter flap petals, a mini-block control circuitry connected to circuits control of laser diodes, a radio-transmitting device, and part of a control system external located outside the monoblock, and the system th control with built-in control system, housed in a monoblock, which includes a microcontroller, and a status check command, and part of the control system, external located outside the monoblock, control and monitoring systems are interconnected, with elements of the thermoregulation system and emitter.

2. The laser beacon according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser diodes during operation emit at the same wavelength.

3. The laser beacon according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser diodes during operation emit at different wavelengths.

4. The laser beacon according to claim 1, according to the fact that the radiation wavelength of the laser diodes is in the visible radiation range.

5. The laser beacon according to claim 1, with the fact that pencil cases with laser diodes, when operating emitting at a longer wavelength, are placed on the same circle with a larger radius relative to the central longitudinal axis of the emitter, and pencil cases with laser diodes, when operating emitting at a shorter wavelength, are placed on another circle of a smaller radius relative to the central longitudinal axis of the emitter.

6. The laser beacon according to claim 1, distinguished by the fact that the longitudinal axes of the cuvettes and mini-blocks are parallel to the coincident longitudinal axes of the emitter and the monoblock.

7. The laser beacon according to claim 1, on the one hand, in that, on the radiation output side, the pencil case has a cone-shaped tip, self-centering in the conical recess of the mini-block outlet, inside which the output collimator is fixed to a predetermined the distance from the laser diode along the optical axis of the laser radiation, on the opposite side at the base of the pencil case there is a tip with a laser diode and power and control terminals with an outer surface in the form of an ellipsoid of revolution with grooves, rigidly fixed between the walls of the hole in the main The mini-block is formed by a dielectric material with high thermal conductivity.

8. The laser beacon according to claim 7, with the fact that in the mentioned grooves there are wedges.

9. Laser beacon according to claim 1, characterized in that the emitter has a regular p-shaped body, behind each face of which there is a cuvette with a mini-block, where n is at least three.

10. The laser beacon according to claim 9, with the fact that perpendicular to the radiation output, the cross section of each cuvette and the corresponding miniblock have a trapezoid shape with a smaller base closer to the center of the emitter, forming the aforementioned central cavity and additional cavities between the cases of the emitter and the monoblock.

11. The laser beacon according to claim 10, with the fact that the emitter is hexagonal, behind each face in the cuvette there is a corresponding mini-block with four pencil cases, and three pencil cases with laser diodes emitting when working at one longer wavelength, they are located on an arc of one circle of a larger radius relative to the central longitudinal axis of the emitter, and one pencil case with a laser diode emitting when working at a shorter wavelength is located on a conventional arc of another circle of a smaller radius relative to the central length noy emitter axis.

12. The laser beacon according to claim 1, with the fact that in the emitter, each mini-block has an enlightened electrically heated output window.

13. The laser beacon according to claim 1, with the fact that in each miniblock the output window is located at a given angle to the direction of radiation.

14. The laser beacon according to claim 1, distinguished by the fact that the output end of the monoblock case, which provides the output of laser diode radiation, is located at a predetermined distance from the output windows.

15. The laser beacon according to claim 1, on the basis of the fact that the radiators of the electrothermological control devices of all mini-blocks are located in the said central cavity.

16. The laser beacon according to claim 1, wherein the coarse air filter, the electric fan, the mentioned electric heat exchanger, the air box, the fine air filter, filters equipped with clogging sensors, while the power of the electrothermal control device is much less than the power of the electric heat exchanger.

17. The laser beacon according to claim 1, with the fact that the radio-transmitting device and the built-in monitoring system are placed along the axis of the central output part of the monoblock.

18. The laser beacon according to claim 1, characterized in that the integrated part of the control system and the integrated control system are connected to each other by electrical and information cables with connectors for disconnecting the monoblock parts and connecting a portable control panel.

19. Laser emitter to indicate the direction, including a housing with at least two cuvettes, with a removable miniblock with a housing in each cuvette, a cavity of a given volume is formed on the central axis of the emitter along the walls of the miniblock cases, each miniblock has at least one extended pencil case with individual a laser diode in the base of the pencil case and an output collimator located in the output part of the pencil case, in the base and output part of the mini-block there are coaxial holes for attaching the pencil case after its preliminary alignment, and when the laser beacon is operating, the optical axis of the laser radiation of all the laser diodes is brought together at one conditional point along the axis of the emitter, the base of the corresponding miniblock is placed on the working surface of the corresponding electrothermal regulating device, at least one terminal temperature sensor is placed in each miniblock near each pencil case in close proximity to the laser diode in it, each sensor is connected to a microcontroller of the control and monitoring system, including a control circuit mini-blocks connected to laser diode control circuits.

20. The laser emitter according to claim 19, with the fact that the laser diodes during operation emit at the same wavelength.

21. The laser emitter according to claim 19, with the fact that the laser diodes during operation emit at different wavelengths.

22. The laser emitter according to claim 19, characterized in that the radiation wavelength of the laser diodes is in the visible radiation range.

23. The laser emitter according to claim 19, characterized in that the cases with laser diodes, when emitting at a longer wavelength, are placed on the same circle of a larger radius relative to the central longitudinal axis of the emitter, and the cases with laser diodes, when emitting at a shorter wavelengths placed on another circle of smaller radius relative to the central longitudinal axis of the emitter.

24. The laser emitter according to claim 19, with the fact that the longitudinal axes of the mini-blocks are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the emitter.

25. The laser emitter according to claim 19, with the fact that on the output side of the radiation, the pencil case has a cone-shaped tip, self-centering in the conical recess of the outlet of the miniblock, inside which the output collimator is fixed at a predetermined distance from the laser diode along the optical axis of the laser radiation, on the opposite side there is a tip with a laser diode and power and control leads with an outer surface in the form of an ellipsoid of revolution with grooves on the opposite side of the pencil case rigidly fixed between the walls of the hole at the base of the miniblock by a dielectric material with high thermal conductivity.

26. The laser emitter according to claim 25, with the fact that there are wedges in said grooves.

27. The laser emitter according to claim 19, with the fact that the emitter has a regular p-shaped body, behind each face of which there is a cuvette with a mini-block, where n is at least three.

28. The laser emitter according to claim 27, with the fact that perpendicular to the output of radiation, the cross section of each cuvette and the corresponding miniblock are trapezoidal with a smaller base closer to the center of the emitter, forming the said central cavity and additional cavities between the emitter and mini-blocks.

29. The laser emitter according to claim 28, with the fact that the emitter is hexagonal, a corresponding mini-block with four pencil cases is placed on each of its faces in the cuvette, and three pencil cases with laser diodes emitting when working at one longer wavelength, they are located on an arc of one circle of a larger radius relative to the central longitudinal axis of the emitter, and one pencil case with a laser diode emitting when working at a shorter wavelength is located on a conventional arc of another circle of a smaller radius relative to the central rodolnoy emitter axis.

30. The laser emitter according to claim 19, with the fact that in the emitter, each mini-block has an enlightened electrically heated output window.

31. The laser emitter according to claim 19, characterized in that in each mini-block the output window is located at a predetermined angle to the radiation direction.

32. The laser emitter according to claim 19, with the fact that the radiators of the electrothermal control devices of all mini-blocks are located in the said central cavity.