WO2010003045A2 - Flame detection and suppression system using a thermoelectric generator - Google Patents
Flame detection and suppression system using a thermoelectric generator Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010003045A2 WO2010003045A2 PCT/US2009/049488 US2009049488W WO2010003045A2 WO 2010003045 A2 WO2010003045 A2 WO 2010003045A2 US 2009049488 W US2009049488 W US 2009049488W WO 2010003045 A2 WO2010003045 A2 WO 2010003045A2
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- detector
- process equipment
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- response
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 title description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005678 Seebeck effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005679 Peltier effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/08—Control of fire-fighting equipment comprising an outlet device containing a sensor, or itself being the sensor, i.e. self-contained sprinklers
- A62C37/10—Releasing means, e.g. electrically released
- A62C37/11—Releasing means, e.g. electrically released heat-sensitive
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
- A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
- A62C37/40—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone with electric connection between sensor and actuator
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/04—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for dust or loosely-baled or loosely-piled materials, e.g. in silos, in chimneys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C4/00—Flame traps allowing passage of gas but not of flame or explosion wave
Definitions
- the present invention is generally directed toward the use of Seebeck devices in fire suppression and explosion prevention systems.
- the Seebeck devices are placed within processing equipment such as vessels and connecting pipelines and are used for detecting the flame front of an explosion.
- the system activates a suppression mechanism that, for example, releases a suppression agent or closes valves to prevent the fire or explosion from propagating into surrounding or interconnecting equipment.
- Dust explosions are an unfortunate but real problem when processing combustible materials. In many instances, the efficacy of an explosion mitigation system depends on the type of dust involved.
- Optical sensors which most commonly detect infrared radiation, are fairly simple and inexpensive devices. Optical sensors arc advantageous in that they give fast response time, however these sensors also exhibit some notable shortcomings. Optical sensors can be subject to "stray” radiation, thus they cannot be used at or near duct outlets where the sensors might be exposed to ambient light. Further, the sensors can become “blinded” by dust generated within the processing equipment.
- Pressure sensors can also be used to detect a pressure front generated by an explosion.
- pressure sensors do not work well at or near duct outlets as pressure fronts cannot develop.
- Ionization detectors which have conventionally been used in various types of smoke detectors, also present certain shortcomings. Most notably, ionization detectors do not directly measure the flame and have limited survivability.
- the present invention is directed toward a fire and/or explosion protection system for use with process equipment.
- the system comprises at least one detector for signaling the detection of a flame within the process equipment.
- the at least one detector comprises two opposed substrates and an array of thermoelectric leg pairs located therebetween.
- the at least one detector generates an electrical signal in response to a temperature differential between the substrates created by a deflagration wave.
- the system also comprises a processor for receiving and analyzing the electrical signal from the at least one detector, and mitigation apparatus actuated by the processor in response to the electrical signal from the at least one detector.
- a method of detecting a deflagration wave within process equipment there is provided.
- the method comprises positioning within the process equipment at least one detector comprising two opposed substrates and an array of thermoelectric leg pairs located therebetween.
- the at least one detector generates an electrical signal in response to a temperature differential created by the deflagration wave.
- a method of protecting process equipment from a fire and/or explosion comprises positioning at least one detector within the process equipment, the at least one detector comprising two opposed substrates and an array of thermoelectric leg pairs located therebetween.
- the detector is used to detect the presence of a deflagration wave by generating an electrical signal in response to a temperature differential between the substrates created by the deflagration wave.
- the signal is transmitted to a control unit comprising a processor.
- the processor receives the signal and actuates mitigation apparatus in response thereto.
- Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary Seebeck sensor that may be used in accordance with the present invention
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a thermoelectric leg pair which illustrates the Seebeck effect
- Fig. 3. is a schematic diagram of an exemplary fire/explosion suppression system employing a Seebeck sensor
- Fig. 4 is a perspective view of an exemplary Seebeck sensor device for use in a fire/explosion suppression system
- Fig. 5 is a clos ⁇ -up view of the portion of the device from Fig. 4 comprising the Seebeck sensor
- Fig. 6 is a chart illustrating the response time under laminar conditions for a "standard" TEG device that may be used with the present invention
- Fig. 7 is a chart illustrating the response time under laminar conditions for a "reduced thickness" TEG device that may be used with the present invention
- Fig. 8 is a chart comparing the response times for two TEG devices and a conventional optical flame detector
- Fig. 9 is a chart illustrating the response time under turbulent conditions for the '"standard" TEG device that may be used with the present invention
- Fig. 10 is a chart illustrating the response time under turbulent conditions for the "reduced thickness" TEG device that may be used with the present invention
- Fig. 11 is a chart comparing the rate and magnitude of the signal generated from the TEG devices under laminar conditions.
- Fig. 12 is a chart comparing the rate and magnitude of the signal generated from the TEG devices under turbulent conditions.
- thermoelectric generators for use with the present invention are known as thermoelectric generators
- TEG Seebeck sensors
- Peltier coolers terms that are used interchangeably below.
- TEGs used in accordance with the present invention take advantage of the Seebeck effect which is the conversion of temperature differences directly into electricity.
- a voltage the thermoelectric EMF
- the Seebeck effect is contrasted with the Peltier effect which produces cooling if a power source is provided to a thermoelectric device,
- the TEGs comprise hundreds of micro-sized thermocouples
- thermocouple comprising an individual thermoelectric leg pair
- An exemplary TEG device is illustrated in Fig. 1 and described in further detail below. These devices are operable to convert heat differentials between an upper and lower surface or substrate into electrical currents.
- Fig. 2 schematically illustrates an exemplary thermoelectric leg pair and the generation of a voltage due to a temperature differential between "hot”' and “cool” sides of the device. The ensuing voltage can be used to produce a current that is passed through a load.
- TEG device 2 comprises a pair of opposed silicon substrates 3 and 4. Sandwiched between substrates 3 and 4 are a plurality of negative legs 5 and positive legs 6 which comprise one or more materials selected from the group consisting of Bismuth (Bi), Antimony (Sb), Tellurium (Te). and Selenium (Se). In certain embodiments, the legs comprise Bi 2 Te 1 materials. The legs are connected to a positive contact 7 or a negative contact 8, respectively. Exemplary TEG devices that may be used with the present invention are available from Micropelt GmbH, Frieburg, Germany. The density of the thermoelectric leg pairs on the TEG device may also affect the efficacy of the device for use in detecting deflagration waves.
- the TEGs comprise at least 40 thermoelectric leg pairs per square millimeter. In other embodiments, the TEGs comprise at least 75 leg pairs/mm 2 , in yet other embodiments at least 100 leg pairs/mm 2 , and in still other embodiments at least 150 leg pairs/mm 2 . In one particularly preferred embodiment, the TEGs comprise about 77 leg pairs/mm 2 . In alternate embodiments of the present invention, the TEGs are present at a density of between about 40 to about 500 leg pairs/mm 2 , or between about 50 to about 400 leg pairs/mm 2 , or between about 70 to about 300 leg pairs/mm 2 .
- the TEGs are very thin, micro-sized devices with each substrate presenting a sensing plane area (i.e., the area of the TEG which the thermoelectric leg pairs occupy) of less than 25 mm 2 .
- the sensing plane area of each substrate is about 6.25 mm 2 .
- Each substrate also has a thickness of less than 600 microns. In certain embodiments this thickness is less than 500 microns, or less than 250 microns, or less than about 200 microns. In still other embodiments, the substrate thickness is between about 1 to about 600 microns, or between about 5 to about 500 microns, or between about 10 to about 250 microns.
- the TEGs are capable of unobtrusive use at virtually any location within the processing equipment.
- the physical dimensions of the TEGs contribute to the extremely low response times provided thereby.
- response time it is meant the time for the TEG to reach its peak output from null.
- the TEGs for use with the present invention generally exhibit response times of less than 10 ms. In certain embodiments, the response time can be less than 5 ms. or even less than about 2.5 ms. In still other embodiments, the response time can be between about 0.01 to about 10 ms, or between about 0.1 to about 5 ms, or between about 0.5 to about 2.5 ms.
- One particular embodiment of the TEG for use with the present invention presents a substrate thickness of 21 O ⁇ rn and a sensing time of approximately 2.2 ms. This is contrasted with many conventional heat flux sensors that exhibit response times on the order of 10 ms or more.
- FIG. 3 schematically depicts the usage of a Seebeck sensor in an exemplary fire/explosion suppression system.
- Process apparatus 10 is located within a building 12 and includes an exhaust conduit 14 (typically a duct or pipeline) to allow for venting of the process apparatus to the atmosphere surrounding building 12.
- conduit 14 could operably connect apparatus 10 with additional process equipment.
- a fire/explosion suppression system 16 is shown including a Seebeck sensor 18 installed proximate the outlet 20 of conduit 14, and a traditional infrared or optical detector 22 installed proximate the inlet of conduit 14. Both the Seebeck sensor 18 and the infrared detector 22 are operably connected to a controller 24.
- the connection between sensor 18, detector 22 and controller 24 can be wired or wireless depending upon the particular application.
- Fire/explosion mitigation apparatus 26 is also located on conduit 14 and operably connected to controller 24.
- mitigation apparatus 26 is a container holding a suppressant agent (including but not limited to water, powder and gaseous suppressants, or hybrids thereof) and is coupled to conduit 14 so as to be capable of introducing the suppressant agent into the same.
- mitigation apparatus 26 may comprise alternate devices including a mechanical isolation valve (including but not limited to high speed gate valves, pinch valves or other fast acting valves) or a chemical isolation system.
- additional sensors of the Seebeck type and/or traditional optical or pressure detectors could be installed at various locations throughout the apparatus to be protected. Additionally, the Seebeck sensors do not need to be used in conjunction with other types of detectors, as it is within the scope of the present invention for the suppression system 16 to comprise only Seebeck sensors.
- Seebeck sensor 18 and optical detector 22 continually passively monitor conduit 14 for signs indicative of an imminent fire or explosion.
- Optical detector 22 is used primarily to detect the presence of or a change in the intensity of infrared light, for example, at a particular location in the conduit that may be indicative of an imminent fire or explosion. Detector 22, however, would not be effective in this function if it were positioned a location near outlet 20 as the ambient light, and possibly dust or debris, entering conduit 14 from the environment outside building 12 may interfere with the ability of detector 22 to detect and signal the presence of a developing fire or explosion. Seebeck sensor 18, however, is not subject to these same shortcomings. Rather sensor 18 is operable to detect a flame front or deflagration wave (essentially the heat component of the flame front) by virtue of a temporary temperature gradient that the deflagration wave would create between the sensor's opposed substrates.
- a temperature gradient is created between the sensor's substrates thereby generating an electrical current or signal that is transmitted to controller 24.
- the electrical signal may or may not be amplified en route to controller 24.
- controller 24 can activate mitigation apparatus 26 thereby releasing a suppressant agent into conduit 14 to extinguish the fire or suppress an imminent explosion.
- mechanical or chemical isolation equipment can also be used in place of or in addition to the suppressant agent of mitigation apparatus 26 in order to prevent the fire or explosion from propagating into other interconnected process equipment.
- thermopile devices that are used to measure heat flux. Unlike a thermopile, thin film thermoelectric generators only produce an electric current in response to a dynamic temperature differential. Once the temperature differential between opposite sides of the device no longer exists, the device no longer produces a voltage.
- the TEG device is insensitive to sustained elevated temperatures (high process temperatures will be ignored by the sensor) as the device will reach thermal equilibrium at the elevated temperature and only respond when that temperature changes rapidly, as in the case of an explosion or flame passage. This eliminates the need for electronics which discern between stable ambient conditions and rapidly changing ambient conditions. Since Seebeck sensors are generally constructed from series-wired thermocouples, they exhibit the same favorable levels of EMI/RFI immunity that are characteristic of thermocouples.
- TEG devices are able to detect the thermal signature characteristic of flame without requiring lenses for focusing. No excitation current or voltage is required since the sensor generates its own power from heat available from the flame being detected. As described above, TEG devices are particularly suited to sense explosions or flames in unconiined spaces where substantial pressure will not develop, such as in vented vessels and duct/pipe outlets, and in locations within the process equipment that may be exposed to ambient light (solar, fluorescent, incandescent, etc.).
- a sensor device 18 in accordance with the present invention comprises a TEG 2 that is affixed to the end 28 of a plug 30 which provides a reference thermal mass to maintain a nearly constant temperature for TEG 2.
- Plug 30 is configured so that it may be installed through the sidewall of conduit 14. When sensor device 18 is installed, end 28 is exposed to the interior of conduit 14 so that TEG 2 will be in position to detect the flame front or deflagration wave that is indicative of an imminent fire or explosion.
- the portion of TEG 2 that is not exposed to the interior of conduit 14 may optionally be covered with a highly thermally conductive and electrically insulating epoxy. The epoxy provides thermal and structural connection between plug 30 and TEG 2.
- Plug 30 also comprises threads 32 to facilitate securing of plug 30 to conduit 14.
- a hex- shaped segment 34 is also included so that a wrench may be used to assist in securing plug 30 to conduit 14.
- Cable 36 extends from the distal end 38 of plug 30 and carries the electrical signal generated by TEG 2 to, for example, controller 24.
- the electrical output of TEG 2 is carried by thin wires through small holes in the plug 30 and are connected to a PCB which conditions the signal through, for example, amplification and/or conversion into a ratiometric 4-20 mA current.
- amplification and/or conversion into a ratiometric 4-20 mA current the signal strength from the TEG is such that amplification of the signal is not necessarily required.
- the performance of two sizes of TEG devices were tested and compared with a conventional optical sensors. It was discovered that the TEG devices exhibited excellent response times making them very well suited for use in fire/explosion suppression systems.
- the first device had a thickness of 520 microns per substrate (20 mils, 41 mils overall height), designated "standard MPG-602, * ' and the second device had a thickness of 200 microns per substrate (7.9 mils, 16 mils overall height), designated "200 ⁇ m MPG-602.”
- standard MPG-602 The response times of the TEG devices were tested to determine their suitability for use in fire suppression and explosion prevention systems.
- Each device was mounted onto the end of a 1/8 inch NPT stainless steel plug to provide an attachment mechanism and a thermal mass for reference temperature,
- the thickness of the TEG substrate would be a limiting factor in the response time of the device considering that the thermal resistivity of the substrate material, silicon, is considerably higher than that of the sensing plane materials (Bismuth, Antimony, Tellurium, and Selenium).
- the response time, or time for the FEG to reach its peak output from first deviation from null would decrease.
- the magnitude of the change in response time would be.
- there would be an accompanying reduction in maximum signal output by reducing the substrate thickness In order to test these theories, both the standard TEG and the reduced thickness TEG were tested simultaneously to ensure similar stimulus for each TEG.
- Both TEG's were placed 90 degrees apart (45 degrees each from vertical) at the sarne axial location of a 4 inch diameter polycarbonate tube. This axial station was approximately one diameter from the exit of the pipeline. Methane and air were injected into the opposing end of the pipeline, creating a mixture of approximately 5.3% methane in air (equivalence ratio of approximately 0.56) throughout the entire 12 foot pipeline. This end was initially sealed with cellophane to facilitate filling. After a several second delay to allow any residual turbulence in the pipeline to dissipate (residuals of the filling process), the mixture was ignited near the filling location by means of an electrically generated spark.
- the response curve of Fig. 7 (also generated from 5 different test series averages) for the reduced thickness TEG showed a very surprising response to the same stimulus.
- This response curve shows an increase in maximum response rate of 2.2 times that of the standard thickness TEG. It reached a peak output value at approximately 3 ms, and returned in another 3 ms. The time that it takes for each waveform to reach its peak output is also noteworthy.
- the standard TEG reaches its peak in 20 ms and the reduced thickness TEG reaching its peak in approximately 3 ms. If this is considered to be the response time of the TEG's, then the reduced thickness TEG has a response rate of approximately 6.7 times faster.
- the thinner TEG also showed evidence of heat rejection after about 7 ms (shown on the chart at time 107 ms), which may indicate measurement of post-combustion evaporative cooling and/or forced convection cooling of the surface of the TEG as a result of turbulence generated by the deflagration itself.
- the output wave forms of the two TEG devices was then compared to the output wave form of the Integra detector sensing element (an optical infrared detector available from Fike Corporation, also referred to as an IREX or Integra sensor) as shown in Fig. 8.
- the Integra detector sensing element an optical infrared detector available from Fike Corporation, also referred to as an IREX or Integra sensor
- IREX optical infrared detector
- Fig. 8 an optical infrared detector available from Fike Corporation, also referred to as an IREX or Integra sensor
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
- Fire Alarms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011516870A JP2011526816A (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-02 | Flame detection and suppression system using thermoelectric generator |
AU2009266886A AU2009266886A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-02 | Flame detection and suppression system using a thermoelectric generator |
MX2011000121A MX2011000121A (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-02 | Flame detection and suppression system using a thermoelectric generator. |
CA2733093A CA2733093A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-02 | Flame detection and suppression system using a thermoelectric generator |
CN2009801309768A CN102112181B (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-02 | Flame detection and suppression system using a thermoelectric generator |
EP09774494A EP2307105A2 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-02 | Flame detection and suppression system using a thermoelectric generator |
RU2011103795/12A RU2491110C2 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-02 | System of detection and flame suppression using thermoelectric generator |
HK11111816.6A HK1157268A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2011-11-02 | Flame detection and suppression system using a thermoelectric generator |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US7813108P | 2008-07-03 | 2008-07-03 | |
US61/078,131 | 2008-07-03 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2010003045A2 true WO2010003045A2 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
WO2010003045A3 WO2010003045A3 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
Family
ID=41463938
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2009/049488 WO2010003045A2 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-02 | Flame detection and suppression system using a thermoelectric generator |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8159356B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2307105A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2011526816A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20110031965A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102112181B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2009266886A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2733093A1 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1157268A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2011000121A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2491110C2 (en) |
TW (1) | TW201006518A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010003045A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2011526816A (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2011-10-20 | ファイク・コーポレーション | Flame detection and suppression system using thermoelectric generator |
DE102016215053A1 (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2018-02-15 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Motor vehicle with an extinguishing device and method for extinguishing a vehicle fire |
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CN102928105B (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2015-05-20 | 西安交通大学 | Device and method for measuring temperature of circuit breaker contact |
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US9619996B1 (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2017-04-11 | Kyle B. Smith | Distributed wild fire alert system |
CN105928636A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-09-07 | 东南大学 | Gas heater combustion heat intensity detection method and apparatus |
JP6792987B2 (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2020-12-02 | 日本ドライケミカル株式会社 | Heat sensor and heat detection system using the heat sensor |
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- 2009-07-02 RU RU2011103795/12A patent/RU2491110C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-07-02 EP EP09774494A patent/EP2307105A2/en not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8159356B2 (en) | 2012-04-17 |
KR20110031965A (en) | 2011-03-29 |
AU2009266886A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
RU2491110C2 (en) | 2013-08-27 |
CA2733093A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
CN102112181B (en) | 2012-11-28 |
TW201006518A (en) | 2010-02-16 |
RU2011103795A (en) | 2012-08-10 |
MX2011000121A (en) | 2011-02-25 |
CN102112181A (en) | 2011-06-29 |
EP2307105A2 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
HK1157268A1 (en) | 2012-06-29 |
WO2010003045A3 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
US20100001865A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
JP2011526816A (en) | 2011-10-20 |
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