WO2009143696A1

WO2009143696A1 - 400-kiloampere level energy-saving and exhaust-decreasing pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell

Info

Publication number: WO2009143696A1
Application number: PCT/CN2009/000568
Authority: WO
Inventors: 吕定雄; 吴有威; 戚喜全; 马绍先; 毛继红; 董慧; 王德全; 刘敬雄; 毛宇; 关永军
Original assignee: 东北大学设计研究院（有限公司）
Priority date: 2008-05-27
Filing date: 2009-05-25
Publication date: 2009-12-03
Also published as: RU2456381C1; CN101280435A; CA2725840A1; CN101457370B; CN101457370A; AU2009253630A1; AU2009253630B8; US20110067999A1; CA2725840C; AU2009253630B2

Abstract

A 400-KA level energy-saving and exhaust-decreasing pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell comprises anode carbon blocks, anode busbars, crust breaking-feeding device, anode elevating device, cross beams and vertical posts, sealed air-exhausting system for cell, cathode carbon blocks, lining structure and shell. Wherein, the cell is characterized as follows: (1) the top cross beams and door-type vertical posts is supported by tubular truss beam of structure; (2) the steel claws of anode carbon blocks are symmetrical eight claws structure；(3) a new scheme of anode arrangement is adopted, six discharge points for aluminum oxide and two for fluoride salt are designed; (4) an air-exhausting system collecting air in subsection way between a level housing plate and a feed box are installed; (5) a device for sealing the anode rod utilizes negative pressure suction; (6) a new lining structure is designed according to the simulation of the thermo-electric field; (7) the negative busbars adopt non-symmetrical configuration and six-point electric intaking structure at their large surface; (8) rectangular girder beams being utilized simultaneously as an air-supply line over the cell and a silencer for offgas from the crust breaking-feeding cylinder. The invention realizes the object of saving energy and decreasing exhaust.

Description

400kA level energy saving pre-pulse

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell structure which is the core equipment for electrolytic production of metal aluminum by molten electrolysis, and relates to an ultra-large 400kA energy-saving and emission-reducing pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell.

Background technique

The structure of the existing prebaked aluminum electrolytic cell can be generally regarded as consisting of two parts of the upper structure and the cathode structure. The superstructure includes an anode carbon block set, an anode bus bar, a shell blanking device, an anode lifting mechanism, a girders and a door shaped column, and an aluminum electrolytic cell sealed exhaust system. The cathode structure includes a cathode carbon block group, a lining structure, and a groove shell structure. The existing pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell has many problems. In response to its problem, Chinese patent 200510047245.0 has proposed a new design scheme of "a large-scale aluminum electrolytic pre-baked trough", which is especially suitable for large-scale pre-160kA~360kA. Construction and operation of a baking aluminum cell.

At present, the capacity of pre-baked aluminum electrolysis cells is constantly increasing. With the further increase of the capacity of pre-baked aluminum electrolysis cells, the energy consumption of aluminum electrolysis cells and the emission of flue gas have become new and prominent contradictions. It requires designers to take it seriously and consider it.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to find a new design solution to solve the contradiction between the increase of the capacity of the 400 kA ultra-large pre-baked aluminum electrolysis cell and the increase of its energy demand and the increase of flue gas emissions, according to which the above-mentioned large-scale prebake The structure of the aluminum electrolysis cell has been improved in many aspects to propose a new type of 400kA energy-saving and emission-reducing pre-baked aluminum electrolysis cell.

The 400kA energy-saving and emission-reducing pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell provided by the invention comprises an anode carbon block group, an anode bus bar, a shell blanking device, an anode lifting mechanism, a beam and a column, a groove sealing exhaust system, a cathode carbon block group, The lining structure and the groove shell structure are characterized by:

(1) The upper girders and door-type columns adopt tubular truss beam support structure;

(2) The steel claws of the anode carbon block group adopt an eight-claw symmetrical structure;

(3) Designing six alumina feed points and two fluoride salt feed points using a new anode configuration scheme;

(4) an exhaust system with a segmented gas collection between the horizontal hood and the tank;

(5) Adopting a device for sealing the anode guide rod by vacuum suction;

(6) Designing a new lining structure based on the simulation of the electric field;

(7) The cathode busbar adopts an asymmetric configuration and a large-face six-point power input structure;

(8) The rectangular truss tube is used as the air supply line for the tank and the exhaust gas silencer for the shell-cutting cylinder.

The 400kA energy-saving and emission-reducing pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell of the present invention, the tubular truss beam structure comprises two trusses, a connecting beam between the trusses and a crane bracket, wherein: the truss is connected with the beam as the top, The door type column, the upper chord, the lower chord, the straight web and the diagonal web are used. The various rods and the connecting beams are made of rectangular steel tubes, among which:

(1) Straight webs are distributed between the upper chord and the lower chord at regular intervals;

(2) On both sides of the straight web, a diagonal chord is placed between the upper chord and the lower chord;

(3) The straight web and the diagonal webs on both sides form a glyph or an inverted glyph in sequence;

(4) The contact beam is located at the top of the straight web and is at the same level as the upper chord.

The 400kA class energy-saving and emission-reducing pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell of the present invention, the eight-claw symmetric anode steel claw, comprising a beam and a claw head, is characterized in that: the beam is composed of two large beams, two inclined beams and four small beams. Beam composition, of which

(1) The large crossbeam is connected to the inclined beam and has a horizontal Roman X shape;

(2) The middle of the small beam is vertically connected to the end of the large beam;

(3) Both ends of the small beam are bent downwardly and connected to the claw head, and the lower part of the claw head is fixed to the carbon block;

(4) The center of the intersection of the two inclined beams is connected upwards with the anode guide rod

The 400kA class energy-saving and emission-reducing aluminum electrolysis pre-baked tank of the present invention, the new anode arrangement scheme comprises an aluminum electrolytic bath molten pool, an anode carbon block and a blanking point, and is characterized in that:

(1) All the cutting points are set at the intersection of the four sets of anode carbon blocks;

(2) increasing the gap between the adjacent two sets of anode carbon blocks at the blanking point; and narrowing the gap between the adjacent two sets of anode carbon blocks at the non-feeding point;

(3) Cut the four corners of the anode carbon block at the blanking point to make a large space at the blanking point.

The 400kA class energy-saving and emission-reducing pre-baked aluminum electrolysis cell of the present invention, the segmented gas collection exhaust system, including the flue, the total flue and the regulating valve, is characterized by:

(1) The flue is disposed in the interlayer between the horizontal cover plate and the bin, and the lower portion of the bin is not welded to the plate beam to be changed into a V-shaped structure;

(2) The flue is divided into two sub-pipes with parallel left and right, each located in the left and right interlayers of the horizontal cover plate and the bin of the aluminum electrolysis cell;

(3) The two branch pipes are divided into the front and the rear two sections, that is, the two points of the pipe are provided with different intake holes before and after;

(4) A regulating valve is installed on the total flue of the two branch pipes.

The 400kA class energy-saving and emission-reducing pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell of the present invention, wherein the device for sealing the anode guide rod by using negative pressure suction comprises a side plate, a front end plate and a top plate, wherein: it is composed of two side plates and a top plate a cavity device formed by the front end plate and surrounded by three sides of the anode guide rod, wherein

(1) The front end of the device adopts a grid structure around a portion surrounded by three sides of the anode guide rod;

(2) The tail of the device is welded to the web beam and is in communication with the horizontal flue; (3) The device is placed on the horizontal hood and the horizontal hood is used as the bottom plate.

The 400kA class energy-saving and emission-reducing pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell of the present invention has a new lining structure according to the simulation of the electric heating field of the aluminum electrolytic cell, including the cathode carbon block, the cathode steel rod and the bottom refractory layer structure, and the characteristics thereof. Lie in:

(1) The cathode steel rod is located in the tank shell, and the portion exposed outside the cathode carbon block is clamped from top to bottom with a U-shaped metal plate, and then tamped with refractory mud;

(2) The cathode steel bar is wrapped with refractory insulating paper and then filled with steel bar paste;

(3) The inner layer of the ends of the cathode is made of refractory bricks, and the outer layer is sealed with insulating bricks; the middle of the bottom of the cathode carbon block is a loose granular refractory material, and the two ends are refractory bricks;

(4) The straight-side paste structure between the cathode carbon block and the side wall silicon carbide brick is changed into a curved side paste structure.

The 400kA energy-saving and emission-reducing pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell of the invention has the asymmetric configuration of the cathode bus bar and the large-face six-point power input structure, including the power feeding side bus bar, the power receiving side bus bar, the power feeding side cathode soft bus bar, and the out The electric side cathode soft bus, the groove bottom bus bar and the column bus bar are characterized by:

(1) Another local compensation busbar is provided. The local compensation busbar enters the bottom of the tank at the required position, and walks out on the other side of the aluminum electrolytic tank and is lifted to a certain height.

(2) The power supply of the aluminum electrolysis cell is realized by using 56 cathode soft busbars and 6 column busbars. The number of the cathode soft busbars connected to the six column busbars is 10; 9; 9; 9; And 10 roots.

The 400kA class energy-saving and emission-reducing pre-baked aluminum electrolysis cell of the invention has the use of a rectangular truss tube as a gas supply line for the tank and a tail gas silencer for the shell-cutting cylinder, including a compressed air pipeline, a shell cylinder, and a discharge cylinder. And aluminum cylinders, characterized by:

(1) connecting the compressed air pipe network to the rectangular steel pipe in the X direction of the truss through a one-way intake valve;

(2) connecting the rectangular steel pipe of the truss in the X direction with the intake pipe of the shell cylinder, the blanking cylinder and the aluminum cylinder through an electromagnetic control valve;

(3) Connect the exhaust air exhaust pipe of the shell cylinder, the discharge cylinder and the aluminum cylinder to the rectangular steel pipe in the X direction or the Y direction through the electromagnetic control valve. The 400kA class energy-saving and emission-reducing pre-baked aluminum electrolysis cell of the invention has the following obvious advantages compared with the most representative 300kA grade pre-baked aluminum electrolysis cell;

(1) The cathode busbar configuration is more economical and safer, and the current distribution is more uniform. Due to the large-face six-point power input and the asymmetric configuration of the cathode busbar around the slot, the influence of the bus current of adjacent aluminum electrolytic cells and adjacent workshops on the magnetic field distribution is well compensated, and the requirements of the magnetic fluid stability of the aluminum electrolytic cell are satisfied. The equal voltage drop difference of each branch is the smallest, and the equal voltage drop difference between the inlet and outlet side branches of each branch is the smallest, ensuring the safety of the aluminum electrolytic cell during the roasting period; under the condition of the same bus voltage drop, the busbar dosage is the lowest.

(2) The design of the lining structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell conforms to the principle of strengthening the bottom insulation and increasing the heat dissipation at the side, ensuring that different isotherms are in the corresponding lining refractory insulation layer, which provides a guarantee for improving the operation index and service life of the aluminum reduction tank. .

(3) Optimized aluminum electrolyzer steel structure design: The single-belt boat-type cradle-type trough structure and the upper structure of the pipe truss are used to greatly reduce the amount of steel and the difficulty of processing under the condition of ensuring strength.

(4) More optimized blanking point position configuration: With a new anode carbon block configuration scheme, 6 alumina blanking points and two fluoride salt dropping points, the slit between the carbon blocks is reduced; The space of the blanking point is appropriately enlarged, and the effective working area of the anode is increased. It can reduce energy consumption and increase production.

(5) Optimized aluminum gas cell flue gas capture system: Effectively use the negative pressure generated by the temperature difference inside the cover to eliminate the air leakage point caused by the installation of the shelling and blanking equipment. It not only improves the uniformity of the negative pressure distribution in the hood and the gas collection efficiency of the aluminum electrolytic cell flue, but also improves the utilization rate of the thermal energy of the aluminum electrolytic cell to some extent.

In summary, the 400kA energy-saving and emission-reducing pre-baked aluminum electrolysis cell of the invention has obvious energy-saving and emission-reducing effects compared with the original 300kA-class aluminum electrolysis cell, and has great economic benefits and popularization and application value.

DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a front elevational view showing the overall structure of an aluminum electrolysis prebake cell of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a side view of the overall structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell;

Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a tubular truss beam;

Figure 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the eight-claw anode steel claw, Figure 4A is a perspective view of the steel claw, and Figure 4B is a schematic view of the assembly of the steel claw;

Figure 5 is a schematic view of an anode configuration of an aluminum electrolytic cell;

6 is a schematic structural view of a segmented gas collection and exhaust system, FIG. 6A is a front view thereof, and FIG. 6B is a plan view of a flue configuration;

7 is a schematic structural view of an anode guide rod sealing device, FIG. 7A is a plan view (top view), FIG. 7B is a B-B cross-sectional view; FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a lateral structure of an aluminum electrolytic cell lining;

Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the arrangement structure of the cathode bus bar of the aluminum electrolytic cell, Fig. 9A is a schematic view of the elevation thereof; Fig. 9B is a schematic plan view thereof.

Figure 10 is a schematic view of the aluminum electrolytic cell using its upper truss tube as the gas supply line and the shell blanking cylinder exhaust noise elimination device.

In the above figures, 1 bottom beam; 2 single belt boat type cradle type tank shell; 3 lining; 4 column girders; 5 anode busbar; 6 anode clamp; 7 anode lifting mechanism; 8 shell blanking device; Anode carbon block; 10 cathode carbon block; 11 slot cover; 12 total flue; 13 portal column; 14 lower chord; 15 upper chord; 16 oblique web; 17 straight web; 18 jack bracket; Beam; 20 large beam; 21 small beam; 22 oblique beam; 23 claw head; 24 anode guide rod; 25 aluminum electrolytic cell molten pool; 26 blanking point; 27 anode material spacing at the material point; 28 non-feeding point Anode gap; 29 middle slit; 30 bin; 31 U-shaped flue plate; 32 flue pipe; 33 horizontal cover; 34 anode balance bus; 35 collection flue; 36 regulating valve; 37 side plate; 39; top plate; 40 granular material; 41 heat insulation board; 42 high temperature insulation board; 43 heat insulation brick; 44 electrolyte resistant brick; 45 insulation felt; 46 U-shaped metal sheet; 47 refractory castable; SiC brick; 49 curved edge paste; 50 refractory insulating paper; 51 cathode steel bar; 52 steel bar paste; 53 incoming side Line; 54 end winding bus; 55 slot bottom bus; 56 local compensation bus; 57 power side bus; 58 column bus; 59 power side cathode soft bus; 60 power side cathode soft bus; 61 short bus; Shell cylinder; 63 blank cylinder; 64 shell cylinder air inlet; 65 shell cylinder return duct; 66 blank cylinder inlet duct; 67 blank cylinder return duct; 68 reverse blow pipe; 69 compressed air pipe 70 one-way control valve; 71 cylinder exhaust exhaust pipe; 72 manual control valve.

Specific lung

The structure of the 400kA energy-saving and emission-reducing pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell of the present invention will be further supplemented and explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The superstructure of the prebaked aluminum electrolytic cell of the present invention comprises an anode carbon block group 9, an anode bus bar 5, a shell blanking device 8, an anode lifting mechanism 7, a column beam 4, and a groove cover 11, a total flue 12, and a smoke. The segmented gas collection and exhaust system consists of a segmented tobacco pipe 32; and the cathode structure includes a cathode carbon block group 10, a lining structure and a grooved shell structure.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the following 400kA aluminum electrolytic cell is taken as an example for detailed description. In fact, this design can also be applied to the ultra-large pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell of 400kA~550kA.

1. The upper structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell:

1) Girders and columns

As shown in Figure 3, a rectangular steel tube (length X width X wall thickness) of 200 X 200 X 10 mm is used as the upper chord 15 and the lower chord 14 first, and then (length X width X wall thickness) is 150 X 150 X The 8 mm rectangular steel pipe is used as a straight web 17 and a diagonal web 16 , and the straight web is placed between the upper chord and the lower chord at a certain interval, and the three are connected by an electric welding process, and then the two straight webs are connected. The inclined webs are welded between each straight rod to form a glyph or inverted glyph structure with the diagonal webs on both sides. In this way, the two truss beams are assembled separately, and the contact beam 19 is installed on the upper chord of the two truss beams, the top of the straight web and the truss beam in the vertical direction, and the upper chord of the contact beam with the truss beam is connected by electric welding process. One. Then, the truss beam is mounted on both ends of the aluminum electrolytic cell at both ends in the axial direction. The gantry column is made of a rectangular steel pipe having a length X width X wall thickness of 250 X 250 X 12 mm. Finally, the jack bracket 18 is welded to the upper part of the straight web below the contact beam, and a jack bracket is arranged on each straight web. The jack bracket is usually made of 20-gauge steel. In this way, the upper truss beam of the aluminum electrolysis cell is completed.

The 400kA prebaked aluminum cell has a total length of 19,184 mm and a total height of 6,200 mm.

2) Anode carbon block group

The anode carbon block group is composed of an anode guide rod 24, an eight-claw steel claw and two carbon blocks 9.

As shown in Fig. 4, it can be seen from Fig. 4A that the eight-claw steel claw is composed of two large cross beams 20 and two diagonal cross beams 22 arranged in a cross to form a horizontal Roman X shape, which are connected at both ends of each large cross beam. A small beam 21, the middle portion of the small beam is fixed integrally with the end of the large beam, and the two ends are bent downward to be connected with the claw 23, so that one anode steel claw has eight claws, FIG. 4B It can be seen that the lower part of the claw head is fixed to the carbon block 9, which constitutes a double anode structure for the large and ultra-large aluminum electrolysis cell. When the above steel claw is manufactured, the large beam, the inclined beam, the small beam and the claw head are cast and cast in one casting, and the connection point between the steel claw and the anode guiding rod is located at the center of the intersection of the two oblique beams, and the anode The connection of the guide rod 24 is formed by aluminum steel transition welding.

The anode guide rod is made of pure aluminum and weighs 253 kg. The lower end is welded to the aluminum layer of aluminum steel explosion welding. The eight steel claws are 160 mm in diameter and 270 mm high. The beam is 160 mm high and the claws are placed 100 mm in the anode carbon bowl. Phosphorus pig iron is cast in the gap to connect the steel claws to the anode carbon block. The steel claw has a current density of 0.104 amps/mm ² and weighs approximately 900 kg. The four carbon bowls on the upper surface of each anode carbon block have an inner diameter of 190 mm, a depth of 115 mm and a center-to-center distance of 360 mm. Each anode carbon block weighs approximately 900 kg. The individual anode groups weigh approximately 3 tons, with a total of 24 units each, for a total weight of approximately 72 tons.

The 24 sets of anode components are two rows of two anode busbars suspended from the upper structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell. They are clamped by a box clamp with a clamping force of about 18 tons and a torsional moment of about 35 kg·m.

3) anode bus bar, anode clamp and anode lifting mechanism

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the anode busbar of each slot is connected by four 8350 X 550 X 180 mm cast aluminum bus bars 5, and the two anode busbars of each large face are connected by soft busbars, two large faces. The anode busbars are connected by aluminum plates, and the balance busbars welded by aluminum plates are used in six places in conjunction with the entry mode of the column bus bars. The other end is crimped by an anode clamp 6 and an aluminum anode guide. The total weight of the anode busbar is about 10.8 tons.

Each tank is equipped with an anode busbar lifting mechanism 7, which consists of 8 spiral hoists with a motor power of 13.5 kW. The anode lifting mechanism is mounted on the side of the upper structural steel frame of the aluminum electrolytic cell with a stroke of 400 mm, a lifting speed of approximately 75 mm/min, and a lifting capacity of 120 tons. The stroke is indicated by the anode travel counter. The anode busbar lifting mechanism has a total weight of approximately 2.6 tons.

The anode configuration of the aluminum electrolytic cell is shown in Figure 5.

In the aluminum electrolytic cell molten pool 25, 24 sets of anodes are arranged, and the anode carbon blocks 9 are symmetrically divided into two rows with the aluminum electrolytic cell length as the axis. A total of six blanking points 26 are arranged in the aluminum electrolytic cell, and a middle slit 29 is formed between the two rows of anode carbon blocks, and the width is 50 120 mm; at the blanking point, the two adjacent anode carbon blocks are in the same row. The width of 27 is 40 80 mm. At the non-feeding point, the gap 28 between the two adjacent anode carbon blocks in the same row is 20 50 mm wide. These are all much smaller than the spacing between the existing anode carbon blocks in the aluminum cell. The anode carbon block used in the present invention has the same specifications as the existing anode carbon block, and the only difference is that: at the end of the long direction of the carbon block, the two corners are cut off. The truncated corner may be a 90 ^fl fan shape; it may also be an isosceles right triangle.

4) Shelling and unloading device

The shell blanking device 8 is composed of a shelling cylinder, a striking head, a constant volume feeder and a tank upper tank. A total of seven cylinders are installed in each tank, one of which is used for aluminum.

There are 6 shell cylinders with a striking head; one aluminum cylinder, an inner diameter of 160 mm, a stroke of 650 mm, and a striking speed of 0 to 80 cm / Second; 6 sets of shelling and lowering cylinders, inner diameter 125 mm, stroke 550 mm, striking speed 0~80 cm/sec; 8 sets of constant volume feeders, cylinder inner diameter 70 mm, 2 of which are used for fluoride salt feeding 6 sets for alumina feedstock with a fixed capacity of 1.6 kg. The compressed air pressure is approximately 0.7 MPa.

The single aluminum shelling device weighs 118 kilograms, the single-piece blanking device weighs 103 kilograms, the single-unit constant-capacity feeding device is 55 kilograms, and the shell-cutting device has a total weight of about 1.176 tons.

5) Gas collection and exhaust system

As shown in Fig. 6A, the aluminum electrolytic cell gas collecting and exhausting system of the present invention first moves the anode balancing bus bar 34 from the center position of the anode bus bar 5, and the lower portion of the material tank 30 is not welded to the upper chord 15. Instead, it is changed to a V-shaped structure, which places the flue 32 in the left and right interlayers of the horizontal cover 33 and the magazine 30 to form two cigarette tubes 32 which are parallel to each other. The two cigarette pipes are shown in Fig. 6B. One is for the front section to open the air inlet hole, and the other is for the rear section to open the air inlet hole. The two cigarette pipes are collected into the total pipe 12 through the collecting flue 35 and discharged into the purification system. A regulating valve 36 is provided on the main flue, which can be used to conveniently adjust the flow of negative pressure and flue gas in the two parallel divided pipes.

6) Anode guide rod sealing device

As shown in FIG. 7, the anode guide rod sealing device of the present invention is composed of a side plate 37, a front end plate 38 and a top plate 39, which are surrounded by three sides of the anode guiding rod 24 to form a cavity device, wherein

(1) The front end of the device adopts a grid structure around the portion surrounded by the three sides of the anode guide rod; (2) the tail portion of the device is welded to the side wall of the flue and communicates with the horizontal flue 32; (3) the device is placed on the horizontal cover plate 33 above, and the horizontal cover plate as the bottom plate.

In the manufacture of the sealing device, for each anode guiding rod, more than one hole is drilled in a predetermined position of the horizontal cover plate, and the two side plates are welded, and the top plate is welded on the side plate. According to the cross-sectional dimension of the anode guide rod, a slit capable of accommodating the guide rod is opened at the front end of the top plate; and the tail ends of the top plate and the side plates are welded to the side wall of the flue to communicate with the horizontal flue. When the aluminum electrolysis cell is working, due to the pumping force of the flue, a negative pressure is naturally generated around each anode guide rod, so that it will suck back the flue gas originally overflowing from the gap of the anode guide rod. Go in the horizontal flue.

7) Air supply line and shell blanking cylinder exhaust muffler

As shown in Figure 10. A rectangular steel pipe in the X direction and the Y direction of the upper truss girder, that is, a casing cylinder 62 with a solenoid valve in Figs. 3 and 17; a blanking cylinder 63 with a solenoid valve; a casing cylinder inlet pipe 64 And return air duct 65; unloading cylinder air inlet duct 66 and return air duct 67; anti-drying duct 68 is sequentially installed and connected. Then, the compressed air pipe 69 connected to the compressed air main pipe is connected to the X, Y direction rectangular steel pipe in the upper part of the pipe truss through the intake one-way control valve 70, and the rectangular steel pipe is used to supply the casing and the blanking cylinder. Each of the shelling cylinders is connected to the rectangular steel pipe through a shelling cylinder inlet duct and a shelling cylinder return duct. Each of the blanking cylinders is connected to the rectangular steel pipe through the unloading cylinder air inlet pipe, the unloading cylinder return air pipe and the reverse blowing pipe. The cylinder exhaust gas after shelling and blanking is introduced into the truss Y and X straight straight steel rectangular steel tubes for silencing by the cylinder exhaust air exhaust pipe 71. Both the shelling and the blanking cylinders are equipped with valve cylinders with self-operated magnetic valves, which can be controlled by the tank control box to complete single and multi-point and zone control shelling and blanking operations.

A single cylinder is provided for the aluminum shelling operation at the aluminum end, and the shelling operation can be controlled by the manual control valve 72 alone.

2. Cathode structure of aluminum electrolysis cell:

The cathode structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell is composed of a tank shell structure, a cathode lining structure and a cathode busbar arrangement structure.

1) Slot shell structure

The trough structure consists of two long side plates, two short side plates, one bottom plate and 29 cradle frames. The trough casing is formed into a ship shape at the bottom of the long side plates. There are 29 cradle racks in the aluminum electrolysis cell, and the outer two are welded on the tank shell, with a total of 27 in the middle. The center line is 640 mm away from the tank shell. The bottom of the box is made of 10 mm thick aluminum silicate board. To reduce the heat transfer from the cabinet to the cradle, ensure that the stress between the box and the cradle is evenly transmitted; there is a gap of 15 mm between the side of the box and the cradle to eliminate heat transfer between the box and the cradle. Reduce the chance of the cradle being reduced in heat intensity.

The upper part of the tank shell is a single-layer siding structure, which is fastened with bolts of the cradle, and the middle mat is insulated by calcium silicate board. The dimensions of the box are 18740 (L) mm x 4160 (W) mm χ 1506 (Η) mm. It weighs about 21.8 tons.

The cradle sill is a 496 mm Η-shaped steel with a side arm height of 1,318 mm, welded by steel plates. The single weight is about 0.795 tons, and the total weight of the 27 cradle is about 21.5 tons.

The cradle is seated on two 毫米-shaped steels with a height of 300 mm, insulated underneath and supported on concrete buttresses. The total weight of the tank is approximately 46.1 tons.

2) Cathode lining structure

The cathode lining structure comprises a cathode carbon block group and a lining structure, and the specific structure thereof is as follows:

(2.1) Cathode carbon block group

The cathode carbon block group 10 is composed of a conductive steel rod, a solid paste and a cathode carbon block.

The cathode carbon block has two grooves, each 120 mm wide and 200 mm deep, and the center of the groove is 250 mm. Four 90 mm χ 180 mm χ 2100 mm cathodic conductive steel rods were placed therein and tamped with a cathode carbon paste. The distance between the ends of the steel rod was 4460 mm.

The cathode carbon block weighs about 1.456 tons, the four cathode steel bars weigh 1.059 tons, the cathode paste weight about 70 kg, the cathode carbon block group weighs about 2.58 tons, and the total weight of the 28 sets of cathode carbon block groups per tank is about 72.24 tons.

The cathode carbon block group is 30 mm in between, and is solidified by a bottom carbon paste, occupying an area of 17610 x 3650 mm ² .

(2.2) Lining structure

As shown in Fig. 8, on the bottom surface of the aluminum electrolytic cell tank shell, the heat insulation board 41 is first laid, and then the high temperature resistant heat insulation board 42 is placed, the heat insulation brick 43 is padded, and the electrolyte corrosion resistant brick 44 is built on both ends. Part of the layer is covered with a granular refractory material 40. After the granular refractory material is compacted, a thin aluminum plate or aluminum foil may also be laid thereon. After the above-mentioned tank bottom insulation and heat insulation layer are installed, the cathode carbon block 10 is laid, and the bottom part of the carbon block is wrapped with the refractory insulating paper 50. The pole steel rod 51 is filled with a steel bar paste 52 between the cathode steel rod and the cathode carbon block. The cathode steel rod exposes the cathode carbon block, and the portion in the tank shell is carded with a U-shaped metal plate 46, and then filled with a refractory castable 47 and an insulating felt 45. The side wall of the aluminum electrolytic cell is made of silicon carbide bricks 48, and between the two ends of the cathode carbon block, the refractory castable and the silicon carbide brick is a curved side paste 49.

The side block weighs about 5.7 tons, the carbon paste weighs about 11.6 tons; the bottom refractory insulation has a total weight of about 31.26 tons; the side lower structure weighs about 8.8 tons, and the inner lining weighs about 129.6 tons.

3) Cathode busbar configuration structure

As shown in A and B of Fig. 9, the aluminum electrolytic cell is powered by 28 sets of cathode groups (56 cathode soft bus bars) and 6 column pillar bus bars 61 on the side of the aluminum electrolytic cell. The distribution ratio of the 6 pillars connected to the cathode soft bus is 10: 9: 9: 9: 9: 10. This configuration provides convenience for the design of the electrical balance, while at the same time assisting in achieving a balanced magnetic field distribution in the aluminum solution without excessive vertical magnetic field gradients. Among them, the power feeding side bus bar 53; the end winding bus bar 54; the groove bottom bus bar 55; the local compensation bus bar 56; the power output side bus bar 57; the column bus bar 58; the power feeding side cathode soft bus 59; the power receiving side cathode soft bus 60 . The soft busbars and the column busbars are connected by these side or slot bottom busbars according to the specific distribution of the soft busbars. A short-circuit bus 61 is also provided, which constitutes a busbar structure around the aluminum electrolytic cell slot.

Since the magnetic fields at the four corners of the aluminum electrolytic cell are large, generally higher than 40 gauss, the current passing through the tip is large and must be compensated; and the two corners of the power output side are larger due to the larger synthetic magnetic field. It must be compensated for by a larger current at each corner of the output side. This is the principle that the magnetic field is strong and the compensation is strong; the magnetic field is weak and the compensation is weak.

It should be noted that the present invention is a combined invention that combines a number of innovative technological achievements obtained by the inventors for many years of research work, the most important of which are: anode configuration scheme; segmented gas collection exhaust system; Key technologies such as anode guide rod sealing technology and cathode busbar configuration. Through the integration of the above technologies, the functional and mutual support of each other has achieved new and superior technical effects, so that the 400kA ultra-large pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell of the present invention achieves the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction. The electrolytic aluminum industry has always had problems of high energy consumption and serious sewage discharge, and it has severely restricted its development. However, there is a great demand for aluminum materials at home and abroad, which creates a great contradiction. The promotion of the ultra-large (above 400 kA) pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell technology of the present invention is expected to solve this contradiction and generate enormous economic benefits.

Claims

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1. A 400kA energy-saving and emission-reducing pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell, including an anode carbon block group, an anode bus bar, a shell blanking device, an anode lifting mechanism, a beam and a column, a groove sealing exhaust system, a cathode carbon block group, and an inner Lining structure and shell structure, characterized by:

(5) Adopting a device for sealing the anode guide rod by vacuum suction;

(7) The cathode busbar adopts an asymmetric configuration and a large-face six-point power input structure.

2. The 400 kA class energy-saving and emission-reducing pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 1, wherein the tubular truss beam structure comprises a contact beam between two trusses and a truss, wherein: the truss beam is used to contact the beam. The top is composed of a door type column, a top chord, a lower chord, a straight web and a diagonal web, and various rods and associated beams are made of rectangular steel tubes, wherein

3. The 400 kA energy-saving and emission-reducing pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 1, wherein the eight-claw symmetrical anode steel claw comprises a beam and a claw, and the beam is composed of two large beams and two beams. a diagonal beam and four small beams, wherein

(4) The central part of the intersection of the two inclined beams is connected upwards with the anode guide rod.

4. The 400 kA class energy-saving and emission-reducing prebaked aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 1, wherein said new anode arrangement comprises an aluminum electrolytic cell molten pool, an anode carbon block and a blanking point, and is characterized by:

5. The 400 kA class energy-saving and emission-reducing prebaked aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 1, wherein said segmented gas collection exhaust system comprises a flue, a total flue and a regulating valve, and is characterized in that:

(4) A regulating valve is installed on the total flue of the two branch pipes.

6. The 400 kA class energy-saving and emission-reducing prebaked aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 1, wherein said anode rod sealing device is insulated by suction, comprising a side plate, a front end plate and a top plate, wherein: a cavity device composed of two side plates, a top plate and a front end plate and surrounded by three sides of the anode guide rod, wherein

(2) The tail of the device is welded to the side wall of the flue and is in communication with the horizontal flue;

(3) The device is placed on top of the horizontal hood and the horizontal hood is used as the bottom plate.

7. The 400 kA class energy-saving and emission-reducing prebaked aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 1, wherein the new lining structure according to the simulation of the electric heating field of the aluminum electrolytic cell comprises a cathode carbon block, a cathode steel rod, and a bottom portion. A refractory layer structure characterized by:

(1) The cathode steel rod is located in the tank shell, and the portion exposed outside the cathode carbon block is sandwiched by a U-shaped metal plate and then tamped with refractory mud;

(3) The inner layer of the two ends of the cathode is made of refractory bricks, and the outer layer is sealed with insulating bricks; the middle of the bottom of the cathode carbon block is a loose granular refractory material, and the two ends are refractory bricks;

8. The 400 kA energy-saving and emission-reducing pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 1, wherein said cathode bus bar is asymmetrically arranged and a large-face six-point power receiving structure is provided. The electric side busbar, the power outlet side busbar, the power inlet side cathode soft busbar, the power outlet side cathode soft busbar, the slot bottom busbar and the pillar busbar are included, and are characterized by:

(1) Another local compensation busbar is provided, and the local compensation busbar enters the bottom of the tank at the required position, and walks out on the other side of the aluminum electrolytic tank and is lifted up to a certain height;

(2) The power supply of the aluminum electrolysis cell is realized by using 56 cathode soft busbars and 6 column busbars. The number of the cathode soft busbars connected to the six column busbars is 10; 9; 9; 9; And 10;

9. The 400 kA energy-saving and emission-reducing pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 1, wherein said rectangular truss tube doubles as a tank air supply line and a shell blanking cylinder exhaust muffler, including a compressed air line and a shell. Cylinder, blanking cylinder and aluminum cylinder, characterized by:

(2) connecting the rectangular steel pipe of the truss beam in the X direction with the shell cylinder, the blanking cylinder and the aluminum cylinder intake pipe through the electromagnetic control valve;

(3) Connect the exhaust air exhaust pipe of the shell cylinder, the blanking cylinder and the aluminum cylinder to the rectangular steel pipe in the X direction or the Y direction through the electromagnetic control valve.