WO2009127606A1 - Burner - Google Patents

Burner Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009127606A1
WO2009127606A1 PCT/EP2009/054365 EP2009054365W WO2009127606A1 WO 2009127606 A1 WO2009127606 A1 WO 2009127606A1 EP 2009054365 W EP2009054365 W EP 2009054365W WO 2009127606 A1 WO2009127606 A1 WO 2009127606A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
burner
burner according
mixing cavity
swirler
pilot
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/054365
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Henrik Andersson
Haakan Brodin
Xiufang Gao
Magnus Persson
Zeljko Vujicic
Patric Österlund
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to US12/937,770 priority Critical patent/US9074764B2/en
Priority to CN2009801135022A priority patent/CN102007341A/en
Priority to EP09733156.5A priority patent/EP2268975B1/en
Publication of WO2009127606A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009127606A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet
    • F23D11/102—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet in an internal mixing chamber
    • F23D11/103—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet in an internal mixing chamber with means creating a swirl inside the mixing chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/82—Preventing flashback or blowback
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
    • F23R3/343—Pilot flames, i.e. fuel nozzles or injectors using only a very small proportion of the total fuel to insure continuous combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2209/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23D2209/10—Flame flashback
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
    • F23D2900/14003—Special features of gas burners with more than one nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
    • F23D2900/14021—Premixing burners with swirling or vortices creating means for fuel or air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
    • F23D2900/14701—Swirling means inside the mixing tube or chamber to improve premixing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a burner with a burner head according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such burners are preferably adapted for firing the combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
  • a burner known from EP 1 389 714 Al comprises a swirl generator and a downstream mixing tube.
  • the burner head is provided with a pilot burner system to support the main flame.
  • the pilot burner system comprises a mixing cavity for mixing pilot fuel and assist air.
  • the mixing cavity of the known burner is of a pure circumferential shape. Within such a designed mixing cavity there is a risk for the pilot flame to burn inside.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve a burner head of the above type in such away that a risk of a flash back, i. e. upstream propagation of the flame, is minimized.
  • the swirl wings inside the mixing cavity of the inventive burner head induce a swirl to the incoming assist air flow.
  • the air flow afflicted with the swirl forces the fuel to stay inside the outlet nozzles and not to "leak out” into the mixing cavity.
  • US-B1-6 179 608 Bl shows a swirling flashback arrestor, which is provided with directed nozzles at the exit of separated channels to generate a in order to avoid the flashback of a flame by means of several directed nozzles.
  • This arrangement is suitable to be provided after a completed mixing process in a combustor main flow since the channelling disables further mixing.
  • the pilot mixture flow proceeds through the outlet nozzle after being swirled, establishing a swirl coaxially to the nozzle which improves mixing and avoids flashbacks effectively.
  • EP 1 389 713 Al discloses a pilot burner, without effective flashback prevention .
  • Fig. 1 shows in perspective view a burner head
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section through a burner head according to Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 shows in perspective view a 30° sector of the burner head according to Fig. 1 taken at the plane of the air channels;
  • Fig. 4 shows in perspective view a 15° sector of the burner head according to Fig. 1 taken at the plane of the fuel channels;
  • Fig. 5 shows the burner tip of the 15° sector according to
  • Fig. 4 and Fig. 6 shows the burner tip of the 30° sector according to Fig 3.
  • the present burner comprises a cylindrical burner head and an upstream swirl generator.
  • a number of such burners are used for burning a fuel/air mixture in a combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
  • the burner head is shown only, because the invention relates to an improvement of the burner head, and the swirl generator is well known in the prior art, e. g. from EP 1 389 714 Al.
  • the not shown swirl generator is swirling an air stream which enters the swirl generator via slots.
  • a fuel is introduced into the air stream.
  • the premixed swirling mixture of air and fuel enters the mixing tube for further mixing before leaving the discharge end of the burner head.
  • the burner head according to the invention comprises three parts, namely a burner tip 1, a spacer ring 2, and a mixing tube 3. These three parts are joined across the lines A and B (Fig. 3, 4) . Along these lines A and B the parts can be partly welded or brazed together. One of the weldings is shown as a welding seam 4 in Fig. 2. When assembled the back face of the burner tip 1 abuts the front face of the spacer ring 2, and the back face of the spacer ring 2 abuts the front face of the mixing tube 3.
  • the burner tip 1 has a rounded inner surface 5 and a conical front surface 6.
  • the burner is operated under lean conditions. If the load is reduced, the burner has a tendency to become unstable when the supply with fuel is reduced. To maintain stable conditions even at low load the burner is provided with a pilot burner system which will now be described in detail.
  • the pilot burner system comprises a number of outlet nozzles 7 provided on the conical front surface 6 of the burner tip 1.
  • the axis of these outlet nozzles 7 is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the conical front surface 6.
  • the outlet nozzle 7 has the shape of a cylinder 8 and can preferably be provided with a cone 9 having a chamfered edge at the outlet side.
  • the cross section of the outlet nozzle 7 is preferably circular or arbitrary; e. g. conical, elliptical or of any other appropriate shape. Due to the chamfered edge of the cone 9 at the outlet side the outlet nozzle 7 avoids sharp edges which may cause high stress concentration and may crack by time.
  • the outlet nozzles 7 communicate with an annular mixing cavity 10 provided inside the burner tip 1.
  • Gas channels 11 conducting a gaseous pilot fuel are arranged in longitudinal direction inside the spacer ring 2 of the burner head.
  • the gas channels 11 emerge into the mixing cavity 10.
  • the gas channels 11 connect the mixing cavity 10 to an annular gas manifold 12 which is arranged inside the burner head at the connection between the spacer ring 2 and mixing tube 3.
  • a not shown pipe supplied the pilot gas through an opening 13 arranged in the spacer ring 2 of the burner head into the gas manifold 12.
  • Assist air for burning the pilot gas is led in through air channels 14 with air inlets 15 on the circumference of the spacer ring 2 of the burner head.
  • the air channels 14 are designed as bores through longitudinal side wall of the spacer ring 2 of the burner head.
  • Each air channel 14 ends in several, preferably in two impingement holes 16.
  • the impingement holes 16 emerge into the mixing cavity 10 by the side of the entrance of the pilot gas.
  • the air coming out from said impingement holes 16 is deflected 90 degrees to the sides along the mixing cavity 10.
  • the arrangement of several impingement holes 16 improve cooling of the burner tip 1.
  • pilot fuel e. g. oil
  • the pilot oil is supplied through an oil pipe 17 which communicates with a separate oil channel inside the burner head. The discharge end of the oil channel emerges into the mixing cavity 10 in alignment with one of the outlet nozzles 7.
  • swirler wings 18 are located inside the mixing cavity 10. They are fully or almost fully covering the height of the mixing cavity 10 in the longitudinal direction and are fully integrated with the burner tip 1. Two swirler wings 18 are arranged as a pair respectively. One swirler wing 18 of each pair of swirler wings 18 is located in the outer part and one in the inner part of the mixing cavity 10 in radial direction. The swirler wings 18 or each pair of swirler wings 18 are located in the vicinity of one of the outlet nozzles 7. Thereby the assist air following the mixing cavity 10 to the outlet nozzle 7 is forced to swirl around the flow of pilot gas coming from the gas channel 11 and generating a swirl of well defined mixed pilot gas and assist air.
  • the swirler wings 18 and the cylinder 8 of the outlet nozzles 7 are designed in such a way as to minimize the risk of flash back, that is the upstream propagation of the flame, by controlling the fuel distribution and the velocity components in axial and tangential direction of the outlet nozzle 7.
  • the incoming assist air flow generated by the swirler wings 18 will also force the pilot gas to stay inside the outlet nozzle 7 and not to "leak out” into the mixing cavity 10 between two pairs of swirler wings 18 near the two impingement holes 16.
  • the swirler wings 18 are also designed to act as effective cooling fins, due to that they are surrounded with cool air at a high velocity, that substantially improve cooling of the hot burner tip 1.
  • a secondary effect of the swirler wings 18 is that they even out the velocity distribution in the mixing cavity 10 resulting in a more uniform cooling of the entire burner tip 1.
  • the swirler wings 18 could be manufactured in a cost effective way by using standard milling tools.

Abstract

A burner with a burner head comprises a mixing tube (3) for premixing combustion air and fuel. The mixing tube (3) is provided with a pilot burner system in its downstream part. The pilot burner system comprises an annular mixing cavity (10) with an entrance for assist air and pilot fuel and with outlet nozzles (7). The mixing cavity (10) is provided with at least two swirler wings (18) being arranged in the vicinity of each outlet nozzle (7).

Description

Burner
The present invention relates to a burner with a burner head according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.
Such burners are preferably adapted for firing the combustion chamber of a gas turbine. A burner known from EP 1 389 714 Al comprises a swirl generator and a downstream mixing tube. The burner head is provided with a pilot burner system to support the main flame. The pilot burner system comprises a mixing cavity for mixing pilot fuel and assist air. The mixing cavity of the known burner is of a pure circumferential shape. Within such a designed mixing cavity there is a risk for the pilot flame to burn inside.
The object of the present invention is to improve a burner head of the above type in such away that a risk of a flash back, i. e. upstream propagation of the flame, is minimized.
The object is accomplished in a burner according to the preamble of claim 1 by the characterizing features of this claim. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims.
The swirl wings inside the mixing cavity of the inventive burner head induce a swirl to the incoming assist air flow. The air flow afflicted with the swirl forces the fuel to stay inside the outlet nozzles and not to "leak out" into the mixing cavity.
US-B1-6 179 608 Bl shows a swirling flashback arrestor, which is provided with directed nozzles at the exit of separated channels to generate a in order to avoid the flashback of a flame by means of several directed nozzles. This arrangement is suitable to be provided after a completed mixing process in a combustor main flow since the channelling disables further mixing. According to the invention the pilot mixture flow proceeds through the outlet nozzle after being swirled, establishing a swirl coaxially to the nozzle which improves mixing and avoids flashbacks effectively. EP 1 389 713 Al discloses a pilot burner, without effective flashback prevention .
The invention will now be elucidated by reference to the embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings.
Fig. 1 shows in perspective view a burner head; Fig. 2 shows a cross section through a burner head according to Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 shows in perspective view a 30° sector of the burner head according to Fig. 1 taken at the plane of the air channels; Fig. 4 shows in perspective view a 15° sector of the burner head according to Fig. 1 taken at the plane of the fuel channels; Fig. 5 shows the burner tip of the 15° sector according to
Fig. 4 and Fig. 6 shows the burner tip of the 30° sector according to Fig 3.
The present burner comprises a cylindrical burner head and an upstream swirl generator. A number of such burners are used for burning a fuel/air mixture in a combustion chamber of a gas turbine. In the drawing the burner head is shown only, because the invention relates to an improvement of the burner head, and the swirl generator is well known in the prior art, e. g. from EP 1 389 714 Al.
The not shown swirl generator is swirling an air stream which enters the swirl generator via slots. A fuel is introduced into the air stream. The premixed swirling mixture of air and fuel enters the mixing tube for further mixing before leaving the discharge end of the burner head. The burner head according to the invention comprises three parts, namely a burner tip 1, a spacer ring 2, and a mixing tube 3. These three parts are joined across the lines A and B (Fig. 3, 4) . Along these lines A and B the parts can be partly welded or brazed together. One of the weldings is shown as a welding seam 4 in Fig. 2. When assembled the back face of the burner tip 1 abuts the front face of the spacer ring 2, and the back face of the spacer ring 2 abuts the front face of the mixing tube 3.
The burner tip 1 has a rounded inner surface 5 and a conical front surface 6.
The burner is operated under lean conditions. If the load is reduced, the burner has a tendency to become unstable when the supply with fuel is reduced. To maintain stable conditions even at low load the burner is provided with a pilot burner system which will now be described in detail.
The pilot burner system comprises a number of outlet nozzles 7 provided on the conical front surface 6 of the burner tip 1. The axis of these outlet nozzles 7 is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the conical front surface 6.
The outlet nozzle 7 has the shape of a cylinder 8 and can preferably be provided with a cone 9 having a chamfered edge at the outlet side. The cross section of the outlet nozzle 7 is preferably circular or arbitrary; e. g. conical, elliptical or of any other appropriate shape. Due to the chamfered edge of the cone 9 at the outlet side the outlet nozzle 7 avoids sharp edges which may cause high stress concentration and may crack by time.
The outlet nozzles 7 communicate with an annular mixing cavity 10 provided inside the burner tip 1.
Gas channels 11 conducting a gaseous pilot fuel are arranged in longitudinal direction inside the spacer ring 2 of the burner head. The gas channels 11 emerge into the mixing cavity 10. The gas channels 11 connect the mixing cavity 10 to an annular gas manifold 12 which is arranged inside the burner head at the connection between the spacer ring 2 and mixing tube 3. A not shown pipe supplied the pilot gas through an opening 13 arranged in the spacer ring 2 of the burner head into the gas manifold 12.
Assist air for burning the pilot gas is led in through air channels 14 with air inlets 15 on the circumference of the spacer ring 2 of the burner head. The air channels 14 are designed as bores through longitudinal side wall of the spacer ring 2 of the burner head.
Each air channel 14 ends in several, preferably in two impingement holes 16. The impingement holes 16 emerge into the mixing cavity 10 by the side of the entrance of the pilot gas. The air coming out from said impingement holes 16 is deflected 90 degrees to the sides along the mixing cavity 10. The arrangement of several impingement holes 16 improve cooling of the burner tip 1.
If required an alternative pilot fuel, e. g. oil, may be used. The pilot oil is supplied through an oil pipe 17 which communicates with a separate oil channel inside the burner head. The discharge end of the oil channel emerges into the mixing cavity 10 in alignment with one of the outlet nozzles 7.
The most important part of the invention are swirler wings 18. Several, preferably two swirler wings 18 are located inside the mixing cavity 10. They are fully or almost fully covering the height of the mixing cavity 10 in the longitudinal direction and are fully integrated with the burner tip 1. Two swirler wings 18 are arranged as a pair respectively. One swirler wing 18 of each pair of swirler wings 18 is located in the outer part and one in the inner part of the mixing cavity 10 in radial direction. The swirler wings 18 or each pair of swirler wings 18 are located in the vicinity of one of the outlet nozzles 7. Thereby the assist air following the mixing cavity 10 to the outlet nozzle 7 is forced to swirl around the flow of pilot gas coming from the gas channel 11 and generating a swirl of well defined mixed pilot gas and assist air. The swirler wings 18 and the cylinder 8 of the outlet nozzles 7 are designed in such a way as to minimize the risk of flash back, that is the upstream propagation of the flame, by controlling the fuel distribution and the velocity components in axial and tangential direction of the outlet nozzle 7. The incoming assist air flow generated by the swirler wings 18 will also force the pilot gas to stay inside the outlet nozzle 7 and not to "leak out" into the mixing cavity 10 between two pairs of swirler wings 18 near the two impingement holes 16.
The swirler wings 18 are also designed to act as effective cooling fins, due to that they are surrounded with cool air at a high velocity, that substantially improve cooling of the hot burner tip 1. A secondary effect of the swirler wings 18 is that they even out the velocity distribution in the mixing cavity 10 resulting in a more uniform cooling of the entire burner tip 1. The swirler wings 18 could be manufactured in a cost effective way by using standard milling tools.

Claims

Patent Claims
1. A burner with a burner head comprising a mixing tube (3) for premixing combustion air and fuel, whereby the mixing tube (3) is provided with a pilot burner system in its downstream part, whereby the pilot burner system comprises an annular mixing cavity (10) with an entrance for assist air and pilot fuel and with outlet nozzles (7), characterized in that the mixing cavity (10) is provided with at least two swirler wings (18) being arranged in the vicinity of each outlet nozzle (7) .
2. A burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the swirler wings (18) at least almost fully cover the height of the mixing cavity (10) in relation to the axial direction of said outlet nozzles (7) .
3. A burner according to claim 2, characterized in that said swirler wings (18) are arranged as pairs of swirler wings (18) .
4. A burner according to claim 3, characterized in that one swirler wing (18) of said pair of swirler wings (18) is arranged in the outer part and the other swirler wing (18) is arranged in the inner part of the mixing cavity (10) as seen in a radial direction of the burner.
5. A burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the swirler wings (18) are fully integrated with the burner tip (1) .
6. A burner according to claim 1, characterized in that said burner head comprises a burner tip (1), a spacer ring (2) and said mixing tube (3) being assembled to form said burner head.
7. A burner according to claim 6, characterized in that on the circumference of the spacer ring (2) air inlets (15) connected with air channels (14) are provided.
8. A burner according to claim 7, characterized in that one or more impingement holes (16) are arranged at the discharge end of each air channel (14) and the impingement holes (16) emerge into the mixing cavity (10) .
9. A burner according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one impingement hole (16) opens out in the outer part and at least one impingement hole (16) opens out in the inner part of the mixing cavity (10) as seen in a radial direction of the burner.
10. A burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet nozzle (7) has the shape of a cylinder (8) having a circular or an arbitrary cross section like conical or elliptical .
11. A burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet nozzle (7) is provided with a cone (9) having a chamfered edge at the outlet side.
12. A gas turbine engine provided with at least one burner according to claim 1.
PCT/EP2009/054365 2008-04-15 2009-04-14 Burner WO2009127606A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/937,770 US9074764B2 (en) 2008-04-15 2009-04-14 Burner having a pilot burner system with swirler wings and a plurality of outlet nozzles
CN2009801135022A CN102007341A (en) 2008-04-15 2009-04-14 Burner
EP09733156.5A EP2268975B1 (en) 2008-04-15 2009-04-14 Burner

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08007392A EP2110601A1 (en) 2008-04-15 2008-04-15 Burner
EP08007392.7 2008-04-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009127606A1 true WO2009127606A1 (en) 2009-10-22

Family

ID=40122370

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2009/054365 WO2009127606A1 (en) 2008-04-15 2009-04-14 Burner

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US9074764B2 (en)
EP (2) EP2110601A1 (en)
CN (1) CN102007341A (en)
RU (1) RU2459146C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2009127606A1 (en)

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US10619862B2 (en) 2018-06-28 2020-04-14 Whirlpool Corporation Frontal cooling towers for a ventilation system of a cooking appliance
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CN109028059B (en) * 2018-09-03 2024-02-02 哈尔滨电气股份有限公司 Full premix surface type burner with efficient gas-air mixing structure
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US11181269B2 (en) 2018-11-15 2021-11-23 General Electric Company Involute trapped vortex combustor assembly
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RU2459146C2 (en) 2012-08-20
EP2110601A1 (en) 2009-10-21
RU2010146228A (en) 2012-05-20
CN102007341A (en) 2011-04-06
EP2268975A1 (en) 2011-01-05
EP2268975B1 (en) 2016-12-14
US9074764B2 (en) 2015-07-07

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