WO2009089673A1 - Colonne de pulverisation multi-etages utilisee dans la desulfuration de gaz combustible - Google Patents

Colonne de pulverisation multi-etages utilisee dans la desulfuration de gaz combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009089673A1
WO2009089673A1 PCT/CN2008/001585 CN2008001585W WO2009089673A1 WO 2009089673 A1 WO2009089673 A1 WO 2009089673A1 CN 2008001585 W CN2008001585 W CN 2008001585W WO 2009089673 A1 WO2009089673 A1 WO 2009089673A1
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Prior art keywords
spray tower
flue gas
scrubber
primary
desulfurization
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PCT/CN2008/001585
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yunfu Fang
Yang Wang
Shuzhi Wu
Zhengtao Xu
Yongwang Li
Ming Zhang
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Beijing Bootes Electric Power Sci-Tech Co., Ltd.
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Application filed by Beijing Bootes Electric Power Sci-Tech Co., Ltd. filed Critical Beijing Bootes Electric Power Sci-Tech Co., Ltd.
Priority to CN200880114178A priority Critical patent/CN101861199A/zh
Publication of WO2009089673A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009089673A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/18Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50Sulfur oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/80Semi-solid phase processes, i.e. by using slurries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/501Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
    • B01D53/505Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound in a spray drying process

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flue gas treatment device, in particular a shower tower, which can be applied to a thermal power plant.
  • the absorbing slurry is atomized into the spray tower through a nozzle and dispersed into fine droplets to form a huge gas-liquid contact surface covering the entire section of the spray tower. These droplets are in countercurrent contact with the flue gas in the tower, and mass transfer and absorption reactions occur, so 2 and so 3 in the flue gas.
  • HC1, HF are absorbed.
  • the oxidation and neutralization of the S0 2 absorption product is completed in the oxidation zone at the bottom of the spray tower and eventually forms gypsum.
  • the flue gas is a continuous phase and the slurry is a dispersed phase.
  • the mass transfer rate is increased by mainly dispersing the droplets to increase the mass transfer surface.
  • the flue gas is uniformly dispersed and distributed into the slurry through thousands of spray pipes, and the flue gas sprayed into the slurry generates bubbles in the slurry, and a two-phase jet is formed to generate boiling bubbles and the buoyant air enters from the bottom of the bubbling reactor.
  • the distribution line is hooked into the slurry to oxidize CaS0 3 to CaS0 4 .
  • the slurry is a continuous phase.
  • the flue gas is a dispersed phase.
  • the high-speed jet of airflow accelerates the liquid film renewal on the bubble surface to increase the mass transfer rate.
  • the slurry is sprayed upward from the nozzle provided on the mother pipe in the tower, and the slurry contacts the flue gas twice during ascending and falling, and the residence time in the reaction zone is long, and the falling liquid and the upwardly ejected absorption slurry are mutually
  • the impact forms a large number of droplets in the tower, which greatly increases the contact area of the gas and liquid, and thus has excellent desulfurization performance.
  • the flue gas is a continuous phase and the slurry is a dispersed phase. Mainly by dispersing droplets to improve the mass transfer surface, thereby increasing the mass transfer mass transfer rate.
  • the structure of the spray tower is a cylindrical tower, and some of the tops are arranged with an inner type of flue, so that the mist eliminator can be arranged at a low position;
  • the annular liquid membrane sprayed has high gas-liquid contact efficiency, and can achieve high absorption performance and high dust removal performance.
  • the nozzle pressure is low, and the pump power is required to be small. , energy saving;
  • the water removal effect at the outlet of the spray tower can reduce the load of the demister and ensure that the water droplets at the exit of the demister are up to standard;
  • the sprinkler system is designed in a unit system, and each spray layer is equipped with a spray tower slurry circulation pump connected to it.
  • Gypsum crystal has large particle size and good quality, which is convenient for gypsum dehydration
  • the sprinkler system adopts the mother control design, and multiple absorption tower slurry circulation pumps are configured as needed, which is not limited by the flow rate of a single circulation pump;
  • the technical problem to be solved by the invention is: design improvement and reasonable optimization of the existing tower type, on the basis of fully comparing the technologies of various desulfurization absorption towers, taking advantage of the above various designs, providing a suitable for wet type
  • the limestone-gypsum degassing flue gas desulfurization spray tower reduces energy consumption, investment and operating costs.
  • the technical proposal of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage flue gas desulfurization spray tower, comprising a primary decalcification charge scrubber and a secondary desulfurization Tu spray tower, the outlet of the primary desilsil scrubber and the secondary The inlet of the desilting and charging tower is connected.
  • the primary desilver scrubber is actually implemented as a soot scrubber comprising a primary desulfurization absorbent slurry spray layer for injecting an absorbent slurry to be reacted with the flue gas, which may be realized as a limestone slurry.
  • the limestone slurry is directed to the inlet of the soot scrubber so that the limestone slurry is fully utilized.
  • the secondary desulfurization spray tower is actually a main absorption tower, sometimes referred to hereinafter simply as a spray tower.
  • the multistage flue gas desulfurization spray tower further includes a return pipe connected between the bottom of the flue gas scrubber and the secondary desulfurization spray tower, whereby the absorption slurry is recirculated through the reflux pipe To the secondary de-stone spray tower.
  • the design concept of the multi-stage flue gas desulfurization spray tower is simple and practical: the smoked scrubber and the spray tower are skillfully combined to design a pre-washer that is different from the traditional concept.
  • the flue gas scrubber is formed in the front flue of the spray tower inlet, and the desulfurization is performed once in the flue gas scrubber, and the decalcification is performed twice in the spray tower, thereby greatly reducing the size of the spray tower and reducing the liquid to gas ratio.
  • the purpose of the circulating pump flow head is used to design a pre-washer that is different from the traditional concept.
  • the present invention uses a limestone slurry to be introduced through a smoke-cooled washing pump inlet, and is added to a spray layer nozzle of a smoke-cooled scrubber through a smoke-cooled washing pump to realize a limestone slurry. All are mixed.
  • the fresh limestone slurry is sprayed into the smoke-cooled scrubber through the smoke-cooling washing pump and the spray nozzle.
  • the smoke-cooled scrubber not only can the purpose of cooling the flue gas be achieved, but also the effect of significantly improving the effect of one-time de-heating can be achieved.
  • the flue gas can 2 so greatly reduced content (especially suitable for high-sulfur coal), so that the second spray tower removal liquid to gas ratio can Significantly reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a design cartridge view of a columnar multi-stage flue gas desulfurization spray tower according to a first embodiment of the present invention, the tower having a vertical smoke-cooling scrubber;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the design of a flue gas folding multi-stage flue gas desulfurization spray tower according to a second embodiment of the present invention, the tower having a vertical smoke-cooling scrubber;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the design of a columnar multistage flue gas desulfurization spray tower according to a third embodiment of the present invention, which is provided with a horizontal flue gas scrubber.
  • the primary desulfurization scrubber (smoke-cooled scrubber) 5 of the present embodiment is configured as a tower type constructed using a flue before the inlet of the secondary desulfurization spray tower, wherein the flue-cooled scrubber inlet 1 is disposed in order from top to bottom. , process water hydration spray layer 2, accident cooling water spray layer 3, smoke cold scrubber spray layer 4 . Further, a regulating valve for absorbing the slurry (preferably limestone slurry) and its return pipe 8 are disposed on the lowermost stage of the soot washing pump 6, and then the absorption slurry pipe 7 is connected to the inlet of the soot washing pump 6.
  • slurry preferably limestone slurry
  • the limestone slurry from the suction slurry tube 7 is pumped by the soot scrubber 6 into the soot scrubber to the soot scrubber spray layer 4.
  • the flue gas enters from the uppermost flue scrubber inlet 1 and also reaches the soot scrubber spray layer 4 .
  • the fresh limestone slurry is sprayed through the nozzle of the spray layer 4 of the sonicator, and is sufficiently contacted with the flue gas to complete the primary desulfurization in the soot scrubber 5.
  • the nozzles of the spray layer 4 of the sonic scrubber preferably employ a structure of upper and lower double outlets to enhance uniform mixing.
  • the secondary desulfurization spray tower of the present embodiment has a substantially columnar structure, and a slurry pool 13 , a secondary de-spray tower inlet, and a secondary de-absorbing slurry spray layer are disposed in this order from bottom to top. 10. Mist eliminator 14 and spray tower outlet 12. The slurry falling to the bottom of the smoke scrubber 5 will be returned from the discharge port of the bottom to the slurry tank 13 of the spray tower through the return pipe 8 to complete the homogenization of the limestone slurry.
  • the smoke cold scrubber 5 communicates with the spray tower through the expansion joint 9. After one wash and desulfurization, the wet flue gas enters the spray tower inlet from the outlet of the smoke cold scrubber through the expansion joint 9 and further passes through the secondary desulfurization absorption slurry spray. Layer 10 is subjected to secondary desulfurization. Thereafter, the net flue gas enters the net flue inlet from the spray tower outlet 12 to complete the desulfurization operation.
  • a flue gas reentry multistage flue gas desulfurization spray tower according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
  • the configuration of the primary desulfurization scrubber of this embodiment is identical to that of the first embodiment, and therefore the structurally and/or functionally identical components of the two embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • the secondary desulfurization spray of the second embodiment is a smoke-return structure. That is to say, the spray tower comprises a slurry tank 13 at the bottom, a spray tower inlet, a secondary desorption absorbing slurry spray layer 10 disposed above the spray tower inlet, and a spray disposed opposite the spray tower inlet. a tower outlet 12, and a partition plate 1 1 , wherein the partition plate 1 1 extends substantially perpendicularly to the bottom of the spray tower to a position lower than the top of the tower, and the shower tower inlet and the secondary desulfurization absorption slurry spray layer 10 are It is separated from the spray tower outlet 12.
  • the wet flue gas after desulfurization by one washing enters the inlet of the spray tower from the outlet of the flue gas scrubber through the expansion joint 9 and further moves upward through the secondary destark absorption slurry spray layer 10 for secondary desulfurization.
  • the net flue gas flows back through the gap formed between the upper edge of the partition plate 1 1 and the top of the tower, so that the droplets in the flue gas can be separated by inertia, and finally the inertially separated flue gas is sprayed from the spray tower.
  • the outlet 12 enters the net flue inlet to complete the dislocation operation.
  • the primary de-washer 5 takes a vertical configuration, i.e., the body of the scrubber 5 extends substantially vertically, the axis of the inlet of the scrubber being perpendicular to the axis of the outlet.
  • This vertical scrubber is particularly suitable for spray tower construction with gas gas heat exchanger (GGH).
  • the configuration of the primary desulfurization scrubber and the secondary desulfurization spray tower of this embodiment is identical to that of the first embodiment except that the orientation of the primary desilsch scrubber of the present embodiment is changed. Therefore, components having the same structure and/or function in the two embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • the primary desuperheater 5 can adopt a horizontal structure, that is, the main body of the scrubber 5 extends substantially horizontally, and the axis of the inlet of the scrubber is parallel to the axis of the outlet. Even the two axes coincide.
  • This horizontal scrubber is particularly suitable for use in gas-free heat exchanger (GGH) spray tower constructions, while both horizontal and vertical scrubbers are more suitable for the elimination of booster fans.
  • GGH gas-free heat exchanger
  • the horizontal scrubber of the third embodiment is described in connection with a columnar multistage flue gas desulfurization spray tower, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the horizontal scrubber is also applicable to the second embodiment.
  • the inventors also contemplate the primary decalcification in the multi-stage flue gas desulfurization spray tower of the present invention.
  • the number of scrubbers should not be limited.
  • a plurality of primary desulfurization scrubbers disposed symmetrically about the secondary desulfurization spray tower may be included, such that the flue gas that has undergone one desorption may be deflected from a plurality of symmetrically disposed inlets to the secondary degassing Shike spray tower avoids the spray thin phase zone near the tower wall, so that the flue gas and the absorption slurry are more evenly mixed, further improving the efficiency of secondary desulfurization.
  • the multistage flue gas desulfurization spray tower of the present invention The number of stages should not be limited, and those skilled in the art can select the corresponding number of stages as needed.
  • ⁇ primary desilk scrubbers arranged in series may be included, wherein the outlet of the previous primary desilk scrubber is in communication with the inlet of the latter primary degassing scrubber, and the last The outlet of the primary scrubber is in communication with the inlet of the secondary stripper.

Description

多级式烟气脱硫喷淋塔 技术领域
本发明涉及一种可以应用于火力发电厂的烟气处理装置,特别 淋塔。 背景技术
目前国内几家大的石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫技术公司引进的烟气 脱硫技术主要来自: 1 ) 日本荏源公司; 2 ) 日本川崎重工; 3 ) 德 国比晓夫公司; 4 ) 德国斯坦米勒公司; 5 ) 美国 Marsulex环境技 术有限公司; 6 ) 美国巴威 (B&W ) 公司; 7 ) 奥地利能源及环境 股份公司 (AEE ) ; 8 ) 法国阿尔斯通 (ALSTON ) 公司; 9 ) 三菱 重工等九家烟气脱硫技术支持方, 所应用的烟气脱硫塔的塔型多 采用喷淋、 鼓泡、 液柱等设计理念。
下面就现有的烟气脱 ^技术的概况做一下筒要描述,以便于更 充分地理解本发明。
(一 ) 烟气吸收原理
喷淋塔:
吸收浆液通过喷嘴雾化喷入喷淋塔,分散成细小的液滴从而形 成巨大的气液接触表面, 覆盖喷淋塔的整个断面。 这些液滴与塔 内烟气逆流接触, 发生传质与吸收反应, 烟气中的 so2、 so3
HC1、 HF被吸收。 S02吸收产物的氧化和中和反应在喷淋塔底部的 氧化区完成并最终形成石膏。 在气液两相传质体系中, 烟气为连 续相, 浆液为分散相。 主要通过分散液滴以提高传质表面, 从而 提高传质速率。
鼓泡塔:
烟气通过数千根喷射管均匀分散分布到浆液中去,喷入浆液的 烟气在浆液内部产生气泡, 形成两相射流后产生沸腾状气泡并浮 化空气从鼓泡反应器的底部进入, 经分配管线均勾分配到浆液中, 使 CaS03氧化为 CaS04。 在气液两相传质体系中, 浆液为连续相, 烟气为分散相。 主要通过气流高速喷射加快气泡表面液膜更新提 高传质速率。
液柱塔:
浆液由设置在塔内的母管上的喷嘴向上喷出液柱,浆液在上升 及下落时 2 次与烟气接触, 在反应区停留时间较长, 落下的液体 与向上喷出的吸收浆液相互撞击在塔内形成大量的液滴, 大大提 高了气液的接触面积, 因此具有优异的脱硫性能。 在气液两相传 质体系中, 烟气为连续相, 浆液为分散相。 主要通过分散液滴以 提高传质表面, 从而提高传质传质速 '率。
(二) 各种塔型特点
喷淋塔
1 ) 喷淋塔的构造为圆柱塔, 有的顶部布置内包藏型烟道, 这 样除雾器可以低位布置;
2 ) 采用双向或螺旋状喷嘴, 所喷出的环状液膜气液接触效率 高, 能达到高效吸收性能和高除尘性能, 同时, 如采用螺旋喷嘴, 为喷嘴压力低, 需要泵的动力小, 节能;
3 ) 通过烟气流速的最适中化和布置合理的导向叶片, 达到低 阻力、 节能的效果;
4 ) 喷淋塔出口部具有的除水滴作用可降低除雾器负荷, 确保 除雾器出口水滴达标;
5 ) 喷淋塔内部只布置有喷嘴, 构造简单且没有结垢堵塞;
6 )通过控制泵运行台数, 可以针对负荷的变化达到经济运行;
7 ) 喷淋系统采用单元制设计, 每个喷淋层配一台与之相连接 的喷淋塔浆液循环泵。
鼓泡塔
1 ) 具有很大的操作弹性, 能够根据不同含硫工况, 自动调节 浸液深度, 从而调节增压风机的叶片, 以此达到最小的能耗;
2 ) 适用的燃料广泛, 甚至适用于含有高浓度铝, 氟化物和氯 化物的煤种;
3 ) 因为其液态吸收剂是连续相的, 而烟气则是扩散相的, 喷 入浆液的气泡表面的快速更新提高了传质速率, 所以具有很高的 脱 ϋ和除尘效率; 4 ) 因为其运行状态时 PH值较低, 大约在 4.5-5.5之间, 所以 其氧化反应完全, 石灰石的利用率很高, 不易结垢;
5 ) 石膏结晶粒径大, 品质好, 便于石膏脱水;
6 ) 该工艺更适用于中高含硫量、 硫分变化范围较大的机组使 用。
液柱塔
1 )由于喷浆母管安置较低, 液柱塔的高度低于传统的吸收塔, 使吸收塔再循环泵压头降低, 可降低能耗;
2 ) 液柱塔的浆液在上升及下落时 2次与烟气接触进行脱硫, 浆液在反应区停留时间长, 落下的液体与向上喷出的吸收浆液相 互撞击在塔内形成大量的液滴, 大大提高了气液的接触面积, 因 此具有高的脱石克效率;
3 ) 液柱塔压损低于传统的喷淋塔;
4 ) 落下的液体对喷淋管和喷嘴进行自沖洗, 不会结垢, 且喷 浆管只有 1层, 维修容易;
5 ) 喷淋系统采用母管制设计, 根据需要配置多台吸收塔浆液 循环泵, 不受单台循环泵流量限制;
6 ) 因为采用无压喷嘴, 因此液柱塔的设计适用于更高固体颗 粒浓度, 石膏浆液运行浓度达 30% , 有利于吸收效率的提高, 而 且改善石膏品质。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是: 对现有的塔型进行设计改进、 合理优化, 在充分对比各家脱硫吸收塔技术的基础上, 汲取上述 各家设计上的优势, 提供一种适应于湿式石灰石-石膏的脱¾ 支术 的烟气脱硫喷淋塔, 使其降低能耗、 投资和运行费用。
本发明的技术方案是提供一种多级式烟气脱硫喷淋塔,包括初 级脱石充洗涤器和次级脱石 Tu喷淋塔, 所述初级脱石 洗涤器的出口与 所述次级脱石充喷淋塔的入口相连通。 该初级脱石 洗涤器实际上实 现为烟冷洗涤器, 包括初级脱硫吸收浆液喷淋层, 用于喷射待与 烟气反应的吸收浆液, 该吸收浆液可以实现为石灰石浆液。 石灰 石浆液被引到烟冷洗涤泵入口, 从而使石灰石浆液被充分利用。 所述次级脱硫喷淋塔实际上是主吸收塔, 在下文中有时也简称为 喷淋塔。
这种多级式烟气脱硫喷淋塔还包括回流管,所述回流管连接在 烟冷洗涤器的底部与所述次级脱硫喷淋塔之间, 由此, 吸收浆液 经该回流管回流至所述次级脱石 喷淋塔。
本发明的多级式烟气脱硫喷淋塔的设计优势以及所能实现的 技术效果是:
•该多级式烟气脱硫喷淋塔的设计理念简单实用: 巧妙地将烟 冷洗涤器和喷淋塔有机结合, 设计成一种有别于传统理念上的预 洗涤器。 这样, 利用喷淋塔入口前烟道形成烟冷洗涤器, 在烟冷 洗涤器内一次脱硫, 在喷淋塔内二次脱石克, 从而达到大大降低喷 淋塔外形尺寸及降低液气比和循环泵流量扬程的目的。
- 改变传统的吸收浆液 (例如石灰石浆液) 直接进塔的方法, 本发明采用石灰石浆液通过烟冷洗涤泵入口加入, 通过烟冷洗涤 泵加入到烟冷洗涤器的喷淋层喷嘴, 实现石灰石浆液的均勾混合。
-新鲜的石灰石浆液通过烟冷洗涤泵及喷淋管嘴喷射到烟冷洗 涤器, 在烟冷洗涤器内不但可以实现冷却烟气的目的, 还可以达 到明显提高一次脱^ 效果的功效。
- so2在烟冷洗涤器内实现预脱除后, 可使烟气中的 so2含量 大大降低 (特别适应于高硫煤) , 这样喷淋塔内二次脱除的液气 比就可以大幅度降低。
♦由于进入喷淋塔的烟气内 so2含量大大降低, 在出口浓度不 变的情况下, 必然导致喷淋塔的吸收浆液喷淋层数量的减少, 从 而实现成本节约。
'由于喷淋塔内二次脱除的液气比降低, 必然导致循环浆液量 的减少, 从而实现喷嘴数量的大量减少, 实现喷嘴采购成本的降 低。
-喷淋塔的吸收浆液喷淋层数量的减少将导致喷淋塔高度的降 低; 浆液循环量的减少, 将导致喷淋塔浆液池的高度降低, 这都 能实现喷淋塔材料成本减少。
-由于浆液池变小, 所需的搅拌器数量必然变少, 从而实现采 购成本的降低。 - 由于浆液池的变小、 变低, 以及进入喷淋塔的烟气内 so2 浓度降低, 其所需的氧化风机流量及压头必然降低, 从而实现成 本节约。
-由于循环浆液量的减少, 大大降低喷淋塔循环泵的流量; 由 于喷淋塔塔高降低, 必然导致循环泵扬程的降低; 这样就实现循 环泵采购成本的大幅度节约, 特别是对于高硫煤和百万机组的脱 硫项目, 国内无法实现循环泵国产化, 其成本优势尤为明显。
•循环泵流量及扬程的减少, 将导致电机功率大幅度降低, 从 而实现节能。
-由于烟冷洗涤器和喷淋塔的巧妙结合, 喷淋塔入口处的干湿 界面将不再产生, 从而大量减少喷淋塔入口处 C276贴衬(一种防 腐蚀合金) 的采购量, 实现成本节约 (烟冷洗涤器入口处按经验 只需刷耐高温玻璃鳞片即可) 。
-由于喷淋塔入口前增加烟冷洗涤器, 进入喷淋塔的烟气的温 度降低到饱和温度 50度左右, 这样既保护了喷淋塔衬里, 延长其 使用寿命, 又可以保护塔内喷淋层。 附图说明
以下参照附图结合实例来说明根据本发明的优选实施例, 其 中:
附图 1 为根据本发明第一实施例的柱状多级式烟气脱石巟喷淋 塔的设计筒图, 该塔带有立式烟冷洗涤器;
附图 2 为根据本发明第二实施例的烟气折返多级式烟气脱硫 喷淋塔的设计简图, 该塔带有立式烟冷洗涤器; 以及
附图 3 为根据本发明第三实施例的柱状多级式烟气脱硫喷淋 塔的设计简图, 该塔带有卧式烟冷洗涤器。
图中的附图标记与其所指代的部件的对应关系为:
1、 烟冷洗涤器入口, 2、 工艺水补水喷淋层, 3、 事故冷却水 喷淋层, 4、 烟冷洗涤器喷淋层, 5、 初级脱硫洗涤器 (也称为烟 冷洗涤器) , 6、 烟冷洗涤泵, 7、 吸收浆液管, 8、 回流管, 9、 膨胀节, 10、 次级脱硫喷淋塔 (也简称为喷淋塔) 内的吸收浆液 喷淋层, 1 1、 隔板, 12、 喷淋塔出口, 13、 浆液池, 14、 除雾器。 具体实施方式
第一实施例
参照图 1, 对根据本发明第一实施例的柱状多级式烟气脱硫喷 淋塔描述如下。
本实施例的初级脱硫洗涤器 (烟冷洗涤器) 5构造为利用次级 脱石克喷淋塔入口之前的烟道构建的塔型 , 其中从上到下依次设置 有烟冷洗涤器入口 1、 工艺水补水喷淋层 2、 事故冷却水喷淋层 3、 烟冷洗涤器喷淋层 4。 另外, 将吸收浆液(优选为石灰石浆液) 管 道的调节阀及其回流管 8 布置在靠近烟冷洗涤泵 6 的最下层平台 上, 然后吸收浆液管 7连到烟冷洗涤泵 6 的入口。 这样, 来自吸 收浆液管 7 的石灰石浆液被烟冷洗涤泵 6 泵送进入烟冷洗涤器, 到达烟冷洗涤器喷淋层 4。烟气从最上方的烟冷洗涤器入口 1进入, 同样到达烟冷洗涤器喷淋层 4。 在这里, 新鲜的石灰石浆液经过烟 冷洗涤器喷淋层 4 的喷嘴喷出, 与烟气充分接触反应, 完成在烟 冷洗涤器 5 中的一次脱硫。 烟冷洗涤器喷淋层 4 的喷嘴优选地采 用上下双出口的结构, 以便加强均匀混合效果。
如图 1所示, 本实施例的次级脱硫喷淋塔为大致柱状结构, 从 下至上依次设置有浆液池 13、 次级脱^ <喷淋塔入口、 次级脱 u吸 收浆液喷淋层 10、 除雾器 14和喷淋塔出口 12。 落到烟冷洗涤器 5 底部的浆液将由该底部的放尽口经回流管 8 自流返回喷淋塔的浆 液池 13 , 完成石灰石浆液的均勾混合。
烟冷洗涤器 5通过膨胀节 9与喷淋塔相连通,经过一次洗涤脱 硫后, 湿烟气从烟冷洗涤器出口经膨胀节 9 进入喷淋塔入口, 进 一步经过次级脱硫吸收浆液喷淋层 10进行二次脱硫。 之后, 净烟 气从喷淋塔出口 12进入净烟道入口, 完成脱硫操作。
第二实施例
参照图 2 , 对根据本发明第二实施例的烟气折返多级式烟气脱 硫喷淋塔描述如下。
本实施例的初级脱硫洗涤器的构造与第一实施例中的完全相 同, 因此这两个实施例中结构和 /或功能相同的部件采用了相同的 附图标记来表示。
如图 2所示, 不同于第一实施例, 本第二实施例的次级脱石充喷 淋塔为烟气折返式结构。 也就是说, 喷淋塔包括位于最下方的浆 液池 13、 喷淋塔入口、 设置在喷淋塔入口上方的次级脱 υ吸收浆 液喷淋层 10、 设置在喷淋塔入口对面的喷淋塔出口 12、 以及隔板 1 1 , 其中隔板 1 1 与喷淋塔的塔底大致垂直地延伸到低于塔顶的位 置, 将喷淋塔入口和次级脱硫吸收浆液喷淋层 10两者与喷淋塔出 口 12隔开。 这样, 经过一次洗涤脱硫后的湿烟气从烟冷洗涤器出 口经膨胀节 9 进入喷淋塔入口, 进一步向上运动经过次级脱石克吸 收浆液喷淋层 10 进行二次脱硫。 之后, 净烟气穿过隔板 1 1 的上 边缘与塔顶之间形成的空隙再回落, 这样, 烟气中的液滴可以被 惯性分离出来, 最终经过惯性分离的烟气从喷淋塔出口 12进入净 烟道入口, 完成脱 υ操作。
在上述两个实施例中, 初级脱5 洗涤器 5 均采取了立式的结 构, 即, 洗涤器 5 的主体基本上竖直延伸, 洗涤器的入口的轴线 与出口的轴线相垂直。 这种立式的洗涤器特别适用于具备气气换 热器 ( GGH ) 的喷淋塔结构。
第三实施例
参照图 3 , 对根据本发明第三实施例的柱状多级式烟气脱硫喷 淋塔描述如下。
本实施例的初级脱硫洗涤器和次级脱硫喷淋塔的构造与第一 实施例中的完全相同, 只不过是本实施例的初级脱石克洗涤器所处 的方位发生了变化。 因此这两个实施例中结构和 /或功能相同的部 件采用了相同的附图标记来表示。
如图 3所示, 视现场实际条件, 初级脱^ ^洗涤器 5可以采用卧 式的结构, 即, 洗涤器 5 的主体基本上水平地延伸, 洗涤器的入 口的轴线与出口的轴线相平行, 甚至于两轴线相重合。 这种卧式 的洗涤器特别适用于无气气换热器 ( GGH ) 的喷淋塔结构, 同时 卧式及立式洗涤器都更适合以取消增压风机的方案布置。
尽管本第三实施例中的卧式洗涤器是结合柱状多级式烟气脱 硫喷淋塔来描述的, 但是本领域普通技术人员可以理解, 该卧式 洗涤器也可适用于第二实施例中的那种烟气折返多级式烟气脱石克 喷淋塔。
发明人还想到,本发明的多级式烟气脱石克喷淋塔中的初级脱石克 洗涤器的数量不应有所限制。 在一种方案中, 可以包括多个围绕 着所述次级脱硫喷淋塔对称设置的初级脱硫洗涤器, 这样经过一 次脱 υ的烟气可以从多个对称设置的入口对沖入射次级脱石克喷淋 塔, 避免经过塔壁附近的喷淋稀相区, 使烟气和吸收浆液混合更 均匀, 进一步提高二次脱硫的效率。
尽管前面的实施例描述过包含一个初级脱硫洗涤器和一个次 级脱硫喷淋塔的两级式烟气脱 υ喷淋塔, 但是可以理解, 本发明 的多级式烟气脱硫喷淋塔的级数也不应有所限制, 本领域普通技 术人员可以根据需要选择相应的级数。 比如, 在另一种方案中, 可以包括 η 个串联设置的初级脱石克洗涤器, 其中前一个初级脱石克 洗涤器的出口与后一个初级脱 υ洗涤器的入口相连通, 而最后一 个初级脱^ ^洗涤器的出口与所述次级脱^ L喷淋塔的入口相连通。 这样, 在主喷淋塔中进行最终脱硫操作之前, 烟气已经过了 η 级 预脱^ ^, 大大加强了脱^ 效果。
尽管上文中结合附图描述了本发明的多级式烟气脱硫喷淋塔 的优选实施例, 但是本领域普通技术人员应当理解, 本发明并不 限于上述优选实施例的具体内容。 此外, 本发明装置的某个部件 的功能可以由两个或多个部件来实现, 而反之亦然。 总而言之, 本领域普通技术人员可以在不超出后附的权利要求书限定的本发 明范围的情况下作出各种变型和改进。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种多级式烟气脱石充喷淋塔, 包括初级脱 υ洗涤器和次级 脱硫喷淋塔, 所述初级脱硫洗涤器的出口与所述次级脱石 喷淋塔 的入口相连通。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的多级式烟气脱硫喷淋塔, 其特征在 于, 所述初级脱 υ洗涤器包括初级脱石充吸收浆液喷淋层, 用于喷 射待与烟气反应的吸收浆液; 以及
所述多级式烟气脱 υ喷淋塔还包括回流管,所述回流管连接在 所述初级脱 υ洗涤器的底部与所述次级脱 υ喷淋塔之间, 由此, 吸收浆液经该回流管回流至所述次级脱 ^喷淋塔。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的多级式烟气脱硫喷淋塔, 其特征在 于, 所述初级脱5克吸收浆液喷淋层的喷嘴采用上下双出口的结构。
4. 根据权利要求 2所述的多级式烟气脱硫喷淋塔, 其特征在 于, 所述吸收浆液是石灰石浆液。
5. 根据权利要求 1 所述的多级式烟气脱硫喷淋塔, 其特征在 于, 所述初级脱 υ洗涤器的出口与所述次级脱硫喷淋塔的入口之 间通过膨胀节相连通。
6. 根据权利要求 2所述的多级式烟气脱硫喷淋塔, 其特征在 于, 所述初级脱 洗涤器的入口的轴线与出口的轴线相垂直。
7. 根据权利要求 2所述的多级式烟气脱硫喷淋塔, 其特征在 于, 所述初级脱石 洗涤器的入口的轴线与出口的轴线相平行或者 重合。
8. 根据权利要求 1 所述的多级式烟气脱硫喷淋塔, 其特征在 于, 包括多个围绕着所述次级脱石充喷淋塔对称设置的初级脱石克洗 涤器。
9. 根据权利要求 1 所述的多级式烟气脱硫喷淋塔, 其特征在 于, 包括多个初级脱¾洗涤器, 其中前一个初级脱^ ^洗涤器的出 口与后一个初级脱 υ洗涤器的入口相连通, 而最后一个初级脱石克 洗涤器的出口与所述次级脱石 喷淋塔的入口相连通。
10. 根据权利要求 1所述的多级式烟气脱硫喷淋塔, 其特征在 于, 所述次级脱硫喷淋塔为柱状结构, 从下至上依次设置有浆液 池、 次级脱5充喷淋塔入口、 次级脱 吸收浆液喷淋层、 除雾器和 次级脱石克喷淋塔出口 。
1 1 . 根据权利要求 1所述的多级式烟气脱硫喷淋塔, 其特征在 于, 所述次级脱硫喷淋塔包括次级脱硫喷淋塔入口、 设置在次级 脱^ ^喷淋塔入口上方的次级脱 υ吸收浆液喷淋层、 设置在次级脱 硫喷淋塔入口对面的次级脱硫喷淋塔出口、 以及隔板, 其中所述 隔板与所述次级脱硫喷淋塔的塔底大致垂直地延伸到低于塔顶的 位置, 将所述次级脱 υ喷淋塔入口和次级脱 Α 吸收浆液喷淋层两 者与所述次级脱硫喷淋塔出口隔开。
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