WO2009088222A2 - 생체이물의 생체이용율 또는 생물학적 동등성의 유전정보를 활용한 시험방법 - Google Patents
생체이물의 생체이용율 또는 생물학적 동등성의 유전정보를 활용한 시험방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009088222A2 WO2009088222A2 PCT/KR2009/000077 KR2009000077W WO2009088222A2 WO 2009088222 A2 WO2009088222 A2 WO 2009088222A2 KR 2009000077 W KR2009000077 W KR 2009000077W WO 2009088222 A2 WO2009088222 A2 WO 2009088222A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- test
- biological
- bioavailability
- bioequivalence
- genotype
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B20/00—ICT specially adapted for functional genomics or proteomics, e.g. genotype-phenotype associations
- G16B20/20—Allele or variant detection, e.g. single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] detection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B20/00—ICT specially adapted for functional genomics or proteomics, e.g. genotype-phenotype associations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/136—Screening for pharmacological compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/156—Polymorphic or mutational markers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for testing bioavailability or bioequivalence of xenobiotics, and more particularly, to pharmacokinetics (PK) or pharmacodynamics (PD) for biological foreign materials.
- PK pharmacokinetics
- PD pharmacodynamics
- the present invention relates to a method for analyzing bioavailability or bioequivalence test using genetic information of a test subject after performing bioavailability or bioequivalence test of a foreign body.
- Bioavailability (hereinafter abbreviated as BA) is defined as "rate and amount by which the active ingredient or active ingredient of the drug reaches the site of action in vivo.” 1,2
- bioequivalence means "the rate at which the active ingredient or active ingredient of a drug reaches the site of action in vivo when two agents are administered at the same dose, the same route of administration, and the same route of administration ( no statistically significant difference between the two agents being compared in rate and extent ". 1,2
- the BA and BE are the area under the blood concentration versus time curve (AUC), which is an indicator of the amount of absorption, indicating the extent to which the active ingredient or active ingredient of the drug is absorbed into the body, and the C max (the peak), which is an indicator of how quickly it is absorbed. blood concentration of drug). If measurement of blood levels is difficult, cumulative excretion into the urine may be used as an indicator of absorption. In particular, the BE test must meet stringent statistical criteria to demonstrate that the test product is therapeutically equivalent to the control product. 1,2
- the BE test Since the purpose of the BE test is to determine whether there is a difference due to the formulation between the test and the reference formulation, if there can be minimal errors other than the error due to the formulation, then there is no difference between the test and the reference formulation. You can judge more clearly.
- the BE test is generally conducted by the following 2 x 2 cross-over study.
- subjects were grouped into two treatment sequences.
- the logarithm of the mean values of the PK parameters (AUC, C max ) of the test drug and the control drug was compared.
- the 90% confidence interval of the difference in the mean value of the PK parameters must be in the 80-125% range to be bioequivalent.
- the confidence interval (CI) at this time is given by the following equation (1).
- N total number of participants in the BE study
- Equation (1) the confidence interval in the BE test is proportional to the magnitude of the error in the individual and inversely proportional to the sample size.
- Equation (1) in the case of a drug having a small intra-individual error, as shown in Equation (1), it is easy to prove the equivalence because the confidence interval is narrow (see FIG. 1), but the intra-individual error such as Highly Variable Drug (HVD) For very large drugs, it is not easy to enter the confidence interval. 1 is a schematic representation of this.
- HVD Highly Variable Drug
- HVD Highly Variable Drug
- the present invention provides a method of increasing the bioavailability and / or biocompatibility test success rate of an organism having a large error in a subject, such as an HVD drug, by using genetic information.
- An object of the present invention is to provide bioavailability or bioequivalence of xenobiotics using genetic information of metabolic enzymes or transporters that affect pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of a foreign body to a test subject. Bioequivalence) test method.
- Another object of the present invention is to test the bioavailability or bioequivalence of a foreign body, by designing the test by analyzing the genetic information of the metabolic enzyme or transporter that affects the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of the foreign body to the test subject, It is to provide a bioavailability or bioequivalence test method of a biological foreign material, characterized by calculating the Jesus of the test subject required for the equivalence test.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method of utilizing genetic information of a test subject after a bioavailability or bioequivalence test of a biological foreign material.
- the present invention comprises the steps of screening the genotype of metabolase or transporter that affects the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of the foreign body to the test subject; Determining whether the genotype of the metabolic enzyme or transporter is wild type, heterozygous type or mutant type; And determining the presence or absence of the test subject according to the genotype. It provides a bioavailability or bioequivalence test method for xenobiotics, including.
- the genotype of the metabolic enzyme or transporter when there is no significant difference with the pharmacokinetics or pharmacokinetics of the wild type, it is preferable to include it in the test subject.
- the genotype of the metabolic enzyme or transporter when there is a significant difference with the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of the wild type, it is preferable not to include it in the test subject.
- the genotype of the metabolic enzyme or transporter when the genotype of the metabolic enzyme or transporter is mutant, it is preferable not to include it in the test object.
- the present invention is designed by analyzing the genetic information of the metabolic enzyme or transporter that affects the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of the foreign body, or the bioavailability of the foreign body Or it provides a bioavailability or bioequivalence test method of the biological foreign material, characterized in that calculating the Jesus of the test subject required for the bioequivalence test.
- the present invention also provides a method for profiling a genotype of a test subject when there is an outlier that affects the conclusion of an interpretation of a bioavailability or bioequivalence test; Classifying genotypes into wild, hetero, or mutant to compare pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic parameters for each genotype; And if the significant difference between the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic parameters is recognized according to the genotype, excluding an outlier according to the genotype and interpreting the result.
- the present invention by taking into account the bioavailability or bioequivalence test in consideration of the genotype of the metabolic enzyme or transporter that affects the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of the foreign body to reduce the side effects that can be observed in the test subject Provide a test method for bioavailability or bioequivalence of a biological foreign material.
- the test time is shortened by selecting a test subject whose genotype of the metabolic enzyme or transporter that affects the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic of the foreign body is a wild type. It provides a test method for bioavailability or bioequivalence of a biological foreign material.
- the present invention takes advantage of the fact that in a bioavailability or bioequivalence test of a foreign body, there is a positive proportional relationship between an intra-individual error and an inter-individual error with respect to pharmacokinetics parameters.
- the test results can be designed in one or more ways selected from the group consisting of cross-over study, parallel study, and replicated study, average BE, individual biological
- a bioavailability or bioequivalence test method of a foreign body utilizing any one or more methods selected from evaluation methods consisting of individual BE and population BE.
- the pharmacokinetic parameter is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of AUC (area under the blood concentration versus time curve) and C max (the peak blood concentration of drug).
- the present invention in the bioavailability or bioequivalence test of a foreign body, in order to reduce the error between individuals of the biological foreign body having a biological half-life of 5 days or more, the genotype of metabolase or transporter that affects the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of the foreign body ( Provide a test method for the bioavailability or bioequivalence of a foreign body that selects a test subject homogeneous or similar to genetic polymorphism and performs parallel bioavailability or bioequivalence tests.
- the test subject in the bioavailability or bioequivalence test of a biological foreign material, is considered in consideration of genetic characteristics such as metabolic enzymes or transporters that affect pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of the biological foreign material.
- the method according to the present invention has the effect of reducing the overall cost and time by reducing the number of trials (number of subjects or animals) of the bioavailability or bioequivalence test, and participates in the bioavailability or bioequivalence test Human rights protection can be improved by reducing the frequency of adverse events and adverse effects of biological foreign material on the subject.
- 1 is a graphical representation of the 90% confidence interval of the difference between the mean value of the test drug and the control drug in the log-converted AUC or C max values for the BE test.
- HVD highly variable drug
- FIG. 2 shows the variation of the coefficient of variation (CV w ) and the coefficient of variation (CV b ) of the error between individuals obtained for the C max obtained from the 50 BE tests investigated in the present invention. It is a graph showing the correlation.
- the straight line represents the regression line
- the red dotted line represents the 90% confidence interval of the regression line
- the blue dotted line represents the 90% confidence interval of each measurement point.
- CI 90% confidence interval
- the straight line represents the regression line
- the red dotted line represents the 90% confidence interval of the regression line
- the blue dotted line represents the 90% confidence interval of each measurement point.
- FIG. 4 shows the correlation between the variation coefficients (CV w ) values of the intra-individual errors and the CV coefficients of the error (CV b ) between the individuals obtained for the AUCs obtained from the 50 BE tests investigated in the present invention. Is a graph.
- the straight line represents the regression line
- the red dotted line represents the 90% confidence interval of the regression line
- the blue dotted line represents the 90% confidence interval of each measurement point.
- CI 5 is a 90% confidence interval (CI) of the difference between the variation coefficient (CV w ) value of the intra-individual error obtained from the AUC obtained from the 50 BE tests investigated in the present invention and the C max mean value of the logarithmic test drug and the reference drug. It is a graph showing the correlation between the values converted to natural logarithms.
- the straight line represents the regression line
- the red dotted line represents the 90% confidence interval of the regression line
- the blue dotted line represents the 90% confidence interval of each measurement point.
- 6 is a graph showing changes over time in plasma concentrations after oral administration of risperidone preparations to healthy adult volunteers in the present invention. All 17 subjects who participated in this examination
- 9 is a graph showing the time-dependent change in the concentration of risperidone plasma in people with a mutant type gene of CYP2D6 * 10.
- FIG. 10 shows a flow chart for selecting test subjects by using information on the genetic polymorphism of the metabolic enzyme / transporter affecting PK / PD in the BA / BE test.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the use of information on the genetic polymorphism of the metabolic enzyme / transporter affecting PK / PD after the BA / BE test in the present invention.
- the bioavailability or bioequivalence test method of the xenobiotics of the present invention is a genotype of a metabolic enzyme or transporter that affects pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of a biological foreign substance to a test subject. Screening; Determining whether the genotype of the metabolic enzyme or transporter is wild type, heterozygous type, or mutant type; And determining the selection of the test subject according to the genotype.
- the biological foreign substance means a substance that can be used as a medicine for applying to human medicine, a veterinary medicine applied to an animal, a bio medicine, a human or an animal.
- Metabolase and transporter in the above means a metabolic enzyme and transporter that affects the PK or PD of the biological foreign material.
- specific receptors are involved in PK / PD.
- specific transporters are broadly included in the concept of metabolase and transporter.
- the genotype of the metabolic enzyme or transporter is heterotype, it is preferable to include it in the test subject when there is no significant difference from the wild type with respect to PK or PD.
- the genotype of the metabolic enzyme or transporter when it is preferable not to include it in the test subject when there is a significant difference from the wild type with respect to PK or PD.
- No significant difference in the above means, for example, that there is no difference at the significance level of 5% or 1% when a statistical test is applied between the mean value of the wild type of the PK parameter C max or AUC and the mean value of the heterotype. do.
- the genotype of the metabolic enzyme or transporter is mutant, it is preferable not to include it in the test subject.
- the present invention is designed to analyze the genetic information of metabolic enzymes or transporters affecting the PK / PD of the foreign body to test subjects, or to design a bioavailability or bioequivalence test. It is desirable to calculate the Jesus of the test subject necessary for
- the present invention after performing a bioavailability or bioequivalence test, can use the genetic information of the test subject to make a decision to include or exclude a specific test subject in the final analysis using the genetic information.
- the present invention uses the genetic information of a test subject after a bioavailability or bioequivalence test, and when there is an outlier that affects the conclusion of the interpretation of the bioavailability or bioequivalence test, the genotype of the test subject It is desirable to perform profiling for.
- Profiling of the genotype of the test subject is performed to classify the test genotype into a wild type, heterotype, or mutant type, and then compares PK or PD parameters for each genotype according to the genotype. If significant differences between PK or PD parameters are recognized, it is desirable to exclude the outliers according to genotypes and interpret the results.
- the present invention in the bioavailability or bioequivalence test of a biological foreign material, in consideration of the genotype of the metabolic enzyme or transporter that affects the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic of the biological foreign material to the test subject, only a test subject whose genotype is a wild type is selected. Conducting bioavailability or bioequivalence studies can reduce adverse effects that can be observed in the subject, thus protecting the human rights of the subject.
- the present invention can shorten the test time by selecting a test subject whose genotype of the metabolic enzyme or transporter that affects the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic of the foreign body is wild type. Can be.
- the use of wild type metabolizing enzymes and transporters can prevent problems such as subject management and dropout by reducing the occurrence of side effects that may occur during the BA or BE test.
- the present invention is based on the concept of selecting a test subject (human or animal) based on the genetic profiling of metabolic enzymes, transporters and the like affecting PK or PD and performing BA or BE tests on them. It is about. Therefore, the present invention can utilize various BA or BE test methods and various genetic profiling methods (RT-PCR, gene sequencing, gene chip, etc.) that are used in the past.
- Table 3 shows an example of the genotype of cytochrome P450 metabolic enzyme, and Table 4 shows examples of phase-2 metabolic enzymes.
- Table 5 also summarizes examples of genetic polymorphisms of transporters.
- these metabolic enzymes are mainly caused by differences between individuals as biological foreign substances transported by drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) or transporters. Or, if this is due to the polymorphism of the transporter, this genetic information can be systematically used in the BA or BE test to suggest ways to improve the BA or BE test.
- DMEs drug metabolizing enzymes
- the within-subject coefficient of variation (CV w ) is defined as follows. 8
- the Between-subject coefficient of variation (CV b ) is defined as follows. 8
- the coefficient of variation (CV w ) of the error within the individual log converted to natural log and the coefficient of variation (CV b ) of the error between individuals converted to natural log are calculated using SAS program (SAS 9.1.3, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). ), The linear regression was performed to obtain the following results. Also shown in Figure 2 their relationship.
- the magnitude of the confidence interval is proportional to the magnitude of the error in the individual, as shown in Eq. (1). A relationship was observed. Therefore, when the error between objects decreases, it means that the error within the object also decreases.
- the 90% confidence interval of C max was calculated using SAS program from 50 biological equivalence test examples, and the coefficient of variation of the error within the individual converted to natural log and CI of 90% confidence interval (CI)
- the relationship between CV w ) was linearly regressed using the SAS program, and the following results were obtained.
- the error between objects can be reduced from FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the error within the object is reduced, thereby reducing the range of the confidence interval and increasing the power of the test.
- the effect of reducing the range of the confidence interval can be expected without increasing the subject Jesus.
- the genetic polymorphism of metabolic enzymes and / or transporters involved in the body dynamics of the drug can be considered. Therefore, in order to reduce the error between individuals, if only the individuals with similar or homogeneous polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes and / or transporters may be selected, the error between individuals may be reduced, and thus, the error between individuals and intra-individual errors newly discovered in the present invention. It is possible to reduce the intra-individual error from the proportional relation of.
- the coefficient of variation (CV w ) of the error within the individual log converted to the natural log and the coefficient of variation (CV b ) of the error between the individual converted to the natural log are calculated using the SAS program (SAS 9.1.3, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). ), The linear regression was performed to obtain the following results. 4 shows their relationship.
- the 90% confidence interval of the AUC is calculated, and the SAS program is used between the confidence interval converted to natural log and the coefficient of variation (CV w ) of the error within the individual converted to natural log.
- the linear regression was performed to obtain the following results.
- the most important of the various causes of the inter-individual error for AUC is the genetic polymorphism of the metabolic enzyme and / or transporter involved in the body dynamics of the drug. Therefore, in order to reduce the error between individuals, it would be possible to reduce the error between individuals by selecting only those individuals with similar or homogeneous genetic polymorphorism of metabolic enzymes and / or transporters.
- the intra-individual error can be reduced from the proportional relationship between the inter-individual error and the intra-individual error.
- the risperidone quantification method (LC-MS / MS method) is as follows.
- the risperidone was dissolved in 50% methanol to make 1 mg / mL as a free base, and then refrigerated. The solution was diluted with blank plasma, and the concentration of risperidone in plasma was 0.2, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, Plasma samples were prepared to be 30, 40 ng / mL.
- each standard plasma was vortexed by adding 50 ⁇ L of desipramine (1 ⁇ g / mL), an internal standard, 25 ⁇ L of 2 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and 1.2 mL of ethyl acetate. was added and vortexed for 2 minutes.
- the mixture was centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 5 minutes, 1 mL of the supernatant was evaporated and dried for 30 minutes.
- the pretreated plasma samples were quantified under the following LC / MS / MS conditions. Risperidone (m / z 410.91> 191.35) and internal standard desipramine (m / z 267.09> 208.22 using a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method using Waters HPLC as a device and Waters triple quadruple mass spectrometer as a detector ) was detected.
- MRM multiple reaction monitoring
- the column was a Capcell Pak C 18 UG120V (5 ⁇ m, 2.0 mm ⁇ 150 mm) connected to an Alltech Replacement prefilter (4.0 mm x 2.0 ⁇ m) using a MassLynx integrator from Waters.
- a mobile phase a mixed solution of [10 mM ammonium formate buffer (adjusted to pH 3.5 with formic acid) / acetonitrile-15/85, v / v] was used, and the flow rate was measured at a flow rate of 0.25 mL / min.
- FIG. 6 shows the concentration of risperidone plasma in all 17 subjects. From the time curve of the risperidone concentration in plasma, AUC LAST (AUC up to the final concentration measurement time) was calculated using the trapezoidal rule equation (8), and C max was calculated using the measured value.
- AUC LAST AUC up to the final concentration measurement time
- C i represents the blood drug concentration at measurement time t i .
- the genetic test of the subjects obtained the informed consent of the subjects in advance, extracted DNA from blood cells, and RT-PCR method for alleles of CYP2D6 * 2, CYP2D6 * 5 and CYP2D6 * 10. Investigate. There was little effect on the plasma concentration of risperidone according to the genotypes of CYP2D6 * 2 and CYP2D6 * 5, but there was a significant difference in the plasma concentration of risperidone according to the CYP2D6 * 10 genotype.
- FIG. 7 shows plasma risperidone concentrations of subjects having a wild type of CYP2D6 * 10
- FIG. 8 shows plasma risperidone concentrations of subjects having a heterozygous type of CYP2D6 * 10
- FIG. 9 shows CYP2D6 * concentrations. The concentration of risperidone in plasma of subjects with a mutant type of 10 was shown.
- the C max values are log-transformed to obtain their average, standard deviation, variance, inter-individual error, confidence interval, and the like, and summarized by genotype of CYP2D6, the major metabolic enzyme of risperidone.
- the C max value of risperidone metabolized by CYP2D6 is genotype
- the CV b value of risperidone C max is 20.8% without combining the subjects.
- the CV b value was significantly reduced to 13.6%.
- the variation coefficient of intra-individual error is calculated by substituting the coefficient of variation of inter-individual error of C max value of risperidone into equation (4). Then, the results as shown in Table 7 are obtained.
- test subject human or animal
- BA or BE tests were performed on them (FIG. 10) It was observed that when the same number of test samples were used, the success rate of the BE test could be increased by reducing the producer risk (increasing power) and by narrowing the range of 90% confidence intervals.
- the AUC value of risperidone that is metabolized to CYP2D6 is genotype and the CV b value of risperidone AUC is 22.2% without combining the subjects.
- the CV b value was significantly reduced to 15%.
- NQuery a program that calculates power and sample size for BE tests
- Adivisor® (Ver. 6.0, Statistical Solutions, MA, USA) uses an algorithm published by Diletti et al. 8 and the power can be calculated by knowing the within-subject CV.
- CYP2D6 was compared to 12 subjects who did not use the genetic information to obtain 90% of the power when the ratio of the average AUC of the test and the control was 1. * If only 10 wild-type volunteers were selected as subjects, eight subjects were required.
- the use of genetic information may be used before the test is conducted, and after the test has been completed, the genetic information may be used to exclude or include some test subject data from the judgment. It can also be used for analysis and interpretation of (Fig. 11). It can also be used to calculate the number of test subjects prior to testing, how Jesus differs if genetic information is used or not.
- Another half-life is very long (over 5 days) in the case of 11 drugs, the test goes very hard when tested by cross-examination of the law BE exams. In this case, it is advantageous to perform the test by the parallel test method. However, in the case of the parallel test method, a large number of test samples are required because of large error between individuals. However, if gene profiling can reduce the error between individuals, it can increase the success rate of bioavailability or bioequivalence test by the parallel test of very long half-life. Table 11 shows an example of a drug having a long half-life.
- the test subject in the bioavailability or bioequivalence test of a biological foreign material, is considered in consideration of genetic characteristics such as metabolic enzymes or transporters that affect pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of the biological foreign material.
- the method according to the present invention has the effect of reducing the overall cost and time by reducing the number of trials (number of subjects or animals) of the bioavailability or bioequivalence test, and participates in the bioavailability or bioequivalence test Human rights protection can be improved by reducing the frequency of adverse events and adverse effects of biological foreign material on the subject.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology (AREA)
- Evolutionary Biology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Description | Bioequivalence Studies | |
Number | % of Total | |
RMSE of AUC and/or Cmax ≥ 0.3 | 111 | 11 |
RMSE of AUC and/or Cmax ≤ 0.3 | 899 | 89 |
Total number of drugs studied | 1010 | 100 |
Drug | t1/2(days) | Blood sampling Period(weeks) | Wash-out Period(weeks) |
Amiodarone | 50 | 21 | ≥50 |
Digitoxin | 7 | 3 | 8 |
Chloroquine | 41 | 17 | ≥45 |
Tamoxifen and demethyltamoxifen | 8/11 | 5 | ≥10 |
Claims (17)
- 시험대상에 대해 생체이물의 약동학(pharmacokinetics) 또는 약역학(pharmacodynamics)에 영향을 주는 대사효소 또는 수송체의 유전형을 스크리닝하는 단계;대사효소 또는 수송체의 유전형이 야생형(wild type), 헤테로형(heterozygous type) 또는 돌연변이형(mutant type)인지를 확인하는 단계; 및상기 유전형에 따라 시험대상의 포함 유무를 결정하는 단계; 를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 생체이물(xenobiotics)의 생체이용율(bioavailability) 시험방법.
- 시험대상에 대해 생체이물의 약동학(pharmacokinetics) 또는 약역학(pharmacodynamics)에 영향을 주는 대사효소 또는 수송체의 유전형을 스크리닝하는 단계;대사효소 또는 수송체의 유전형이 야생형(wild type), 헤테로형(heterozygous type) 또는 돌연변이형(mutant type)인지를 확인하는 단계; 및상기 유전형에 따라 시험대상의 포함 유무를 결정하는 단계; 를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 생체이물(xenobiotics)의 생물학적 동등성(bioequivalence) 시험방법.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 대사효소 또는 수송체의 유전형이 헤테로형일 때, 야생형의 약동학 또는 약역학과 유의성 있는 차이가 없는 경우, 시험대상에 포함시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 시험방법.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 대사효소 또는 수송체의 유전형이 헤테로형일 때, 야생형의 약동학 또는 약역학과 유의성 있는 차이가 있는 경우, 시험대상에 포함시키지 않는 것을 특징으로 하는 시험방법.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 대사효소 또는 수송체의 유전형이 돌연변이형일 때, 시험대상에 포함시키지 않는 것을 특징으로 하는 시험방법.
- 생체이물의 생체이용율 시험에 있어서,시험대상에 대해 생체이물의 약동학 또는 약역학에 영향을 주는 대사효소 또는 수송체의 유전정보를 분석하여 시험을 설계하거나, 생체이물의 생체이용율 시험에 필요한 시험 대상의 예수를 계산하는 것을 특징으로 하는 생체이물의 생체이용율 시험방법.
- 생체이물의 생물학적 동등성 시험에 있어서,시험대상에 대해 생체이물의 약동학 또는 약역학에 영향을 주는 대사효소 또는 수송체의 유전정보를 분석하여 시험을 설계하거나, 생체이물의 생물학적 동등성 시험에 필요한 시험 대상의 예수를 계산하는 것을 특징으로 하는 생체이물의 생물학적 동등성 시험방법.
- 생체이용율 또는 생물학적동등성 시험의 해석의 결론에 영향을 주는 극단치(outlier)가 있는 경우, 시험대상의 유전형에 대한 프로파일링(profiling)을 실시하는 단계;유전형을 야생형, 헤테로형 또는 돌연변이형으로 분류하여 각 유전형별로 약동학 또는 약역학 파라미터(parameter)를 비교하는 단계; 및상기 유전형에 따라 약동학 또는 약역학 파라미터 사이에 유의성 있는 차이가 인정되는 경우 상기 유전형에 따른 극단치(outlier)를 제외시키고 결과를 해석하는 단계;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 생체이용율 또는 생물학적동등성 시험을 실시한 사후에 시험대상의 유전정보를 활용하는 방법.
- 시험대상에 대해 생체이물의 약동학 또는 약역학에 영향을 주는 대사효소 또는 수송체의 유전형을 고려하여 생체이용율 시험을 실시함으로써, 시험대상에서 관찰될 수 있는 부작용을 감소시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 생체이물의 생체이용율 시험방법.
- 시험대상에 대해 생체이물의 약동학 또는 약역학에 영향을 주는 대사효소 또는 수송체의 유전형을 고려하여 생물학적 동등성 시험을 실시함으로써, 시험대상에서 관찰될 수 있는 부작용을 감소시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 생체이물의 생물학적 동등성 시험방법.
- 생체이물의 생체이용율 시험에 있어서,생체이물의 약동학 또는 약역학에 영향을 주는 대사효소 또는 수송체의 유전형이 야생형인 시험대상을 선택하여 시험을 실시함으로써, 시험시간을 단축시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 생체이물의 생체이용율 시험방법.
- 생체이물의 생물학적 동등성 시험에 있어서,생체이물의 약동학 또는 약역학에 영향을 주는 대사효소 또는 수송체의 유전형이 야생형인 시험대상을 선택하여 시험을 실시함으로써, 시험시간을 단축시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 생체이물의 생물학적 동등성 시험방법.
- 생체이물의 생체이용율 시험에 있어서,약동학 파라미터 (pharmacokinetics parameter)에 대해서 개체내 오차와 개체간 오차 사이에 양의 비례관계가 존재한다는 사실을 활용하여, 상기 생체이물의 생체이용율 시험 결과를,교차시험(cross-over study), 병행시험 (parallel study) 및 반복시험 (repeated study)으로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 이상의 방법으로 설계하거나,평균적 생물학적 동등성(average BE), 개체 생물학적 동등성(individual BE), 및 집단 생물학적 동등성(population BE)으로 구성된 평가방법 중에서 선택된 어느 하나 이상의 방법을 활용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 생체이물의 생체이용율 시험방법.
- 생체이물의 생물학적 동등성 시험에 있어서,약동학 파라미터 (pharmacokinetics parameter)에 대해서 개체내 오차와 개체간 오차 사이에 양의 비례관계가 존재한다는 사실을 활용하여, 상기 생체이물의 생물학적 동등성 시험 결과를,교차시험(cross-over study), 병행시험 (parallel study) 및 반복시험 (repeated study)으로 구성된 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 이상의 방법으로 설계하거나,평균적 생물학적 동등성(average BE), 개체 생물학적 동등성(individual BE), 및 집단 생물학적 동등성(population BE)의 평가방법으로 구성된 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 이상의 평가방법을 활용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 생체이물의 생물학적 동등성 시험방법.
- 제13항 또는 제14항에 있어서, 상기 약동학 파라미터가 AUC (area under the blood concentration versus time curve) 및 Cmax (the peak blood concentration of drug) 로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 생체이물의 생체이용율 시험에 있어서,생물학적 반감기가 매우 긴 (5일 이상) 이상인 생체이물의 개체간 오차를 줄이기 위하여, 생체이물의 약동학 또는 약역학에 영향을 주는 대사효소 또는 수송체의 유전다형(genetic polymorphism)이 동질이거나 유사한 시험대상을 선택하여 병행 생체이용율(parallel bioavailability) 시험을 실시하는 것을 특징으로 하는 생체이물의 생체이용율 시험방법.
- 생체이물의 생물학적 동등성 시험에 있어서,생물학적 반감기가 매우 긴(5일 이상) 이상인 생체이물의 개체간 오차를 줄이기 위하여, 생체이물의 약동학 또는 약역학에 영향을 주는 대사효소 또는 수송체의 유전다형(genetic polymorphism)과 동질이거나 유사한 시험대상을 선택하여 병행 생물학적 동등성(parallel bioequivalence) 시험을 실시하는 것을 특징으로 하는 생체이물의 생물학적 동등성 시험방법.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010502042A JP2010523108A (ja) | 2008-01-07 | 2009-01-07 | 生体異物の生体利用率又は生物学的同等性の遺伝情報を活用する試験方法 |
US12/594,194 US20100261219A1 (en) | 2008-01-07 | 2009-01-07 | Test method of bioavailability and bioequivalence for xenobiotics using genetic profiling |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR20080001746 | 2008-01-07 | ||
KR10-2008-0001746 | 2008-01-07 | ||
KR1020090000948A KR20090076817A (ko) | 2008-01-07 | 2009-01-06 | 생체이물의 생체이용율 또는 생물학적 동등성의 유전정보를활용한 시험방법 |
KR10-2009-0000948 | 2009-01-06 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009088222A2 true WO2009088222A2 (ko) | 2009-07-16 |
WO2009088222A9 WO2009088222A9 (ko) | 2009-10-22 |
Family
ID=40853598
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/KR2009/000077 WO2009088222A2 (ko) | 2008-01-07 | 2009-01-07 | 생체이물의 생체이용율 또는 생물학적 동등성의 유전정보를 활용한 시험방법 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO2009088222A2 (ko) |
-
2009
- 2009-01-07 WO PCT/KR2009/000077 patent/WO2009088222A2/ko active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2009088222A9 (ko) | 2009-10-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Miotto et al. | Emergence of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum with kelch13 C580Y mutations on the island of New Guinea | |
Prueksaritanont et al. | Validation of a microdose probe drug cocktail for clinical drug interaction assessments for drug transporters and CYP3A | |
Streit et al. | Perceived stress and hair cortisol: Differences in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia | |
Bonfante et al. | A GWAS in Latin Americans identifies novel face shape loci, implicating VPS13B and a Denisovan introgressed region in facial variation | |
Shuhaibar et al. | Dephosphorylation of juxtamembrane serines and threonines of the NPR2 guanylyl cyclase is required for rapid resumption of oocyte meiosis in response to luteinizing hormone | |
Gordon et al. | Mutations in endothelin 1 cause recessive auriculocondylar syndrome and dominant isolated question-mark ears | |
Ordas et al. | Testing tuberculosis drug efficacy in a zebrafish high-throughput translational medicine screen | |
Carrillo et al. | Analysis of midazolam and metabolites in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography: probe of CYP3A | |
WO2019107804A1 (ko) | 약물의 구조 정보를 이용한 약물-약물 또는 약물-음식 상호작용 예측 방법 | |
WO2020087981A1 (zh) | 风控审核模型生成方法、装置、设备及可读存储介质 | |
Matthiesson et al. | Effects of testosterone and levonorgestrel combined with a 5α-reductase inhibitor or gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist on spermatogenesis and intratesticular steroid levels in normal men | |
WO2019031785A9 (ko) | 유전자 패널에 기초한 염기서열의 변이 검출방법 및 이를 이용한 염기서열의 변이 검출 디바이스 | |
WO2017086675A1 (ko) | 대사 이상 질환 진단 장치 및 그 방법 | |
Kalluri et al. | Coproporphyrin I can serve as an endogenous biomarker for OATP1B1 inhibition: assessment using a Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir clinical study | |
Porriño-Bustamante et al. | A Cross-sectional Study of Rosacea and Risk Factors in Women with Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia. | |
Snyder et al. | Evaluation of felodipine as a potential perpetrator of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions | |
Filbey et al. | The contributions of the endocannabinoid system and stress on the neural processing of reward stimuli | |
WO2009088222A2 (ko) | 생체이물의 생체이용율 또는 생물학적 동등성의 유전정보를 활용한 시험방법 | |
Li et al. | ERK3 is required for metaphase-anaphase transition in mouse oocyte meiosis | |
Thomas et al. | Lysosomal storage disorders: Novel and frequent pathogenic variants in a large cohort of Indian patients of Pompe, Fabry, Gaucher and Hurler disease | |
Tateno et al. | Meiotic stage-dependent induction of chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster primary oocytes exposed to topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide | |
KR20090076817A (ko) | 생체이물의 생체이용율 또는 생물학적 동등성의 유전정보를활용한 시험방법 | |
Tsunoda et al. | Preliminary evaluation of progestins as inducers of cytochrome P450 3A4 activity in postmenopausal women | |
Qi et al. | The Comparative Bioavailability of Fluticasone and Azelastine Delivered as a Single Fixed Dose Combination (MP-AzeFlu) in Comparison to Two Different Formulations of Azelastine and Fluticasone Propionate Following Intranasal Administration in Healthy Chinese Volunteers | |
Nader et al. | Effects of elagolix on the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole and its metabolites in healthy premenopausal women |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 09700970 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A2 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2010502042 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 12594194 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 09700970 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A2 |