WO2009067970A1 - Method for switching a marine engine from heavy fuel oil to diesel oil operation - Google Patents

Method for switching a marine engine from heavy fuel oil to diesel oil operation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009067970A1
WO2009067970A1 PCT/DE2008/001761 DE2008001761W WO2009067970A1 WO 2009067970 A1 WO2009067970 A1 WO 2009067970A1 DE 2008001761 W DE2008001761 W DE 2008001761W WO 2009067970 A1 WO2009067970 A1 WO 2009067970A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diesel
heavy oil
oil
marine engine
mixture
Prior art date
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PCT/DE2008/001761
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thomas Porep
Bernd Mamerow
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Thomas Porep - Bernd Mamerow Gbr
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Publication of WO2009067970A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009067970A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0626—Measuring or estimating parameters related to the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0634—Determining a density, viscosity, composition or concentration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0602—Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0605—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel pressure or temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0602—Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0613—Switch-over from one fuel to another
    • F02D19/0618—Switch-over from one fuel to another depending on the engine's or vehicle's position, e.g. on/off road or proximity to a harbor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0626—Measuring or estimating parameters related to the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0628—Determining the fuel pressure, temperature or flow, the fuel tank fill level or a valve position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0649—Liquid fuels having different boiling temperatures, volatilities, densities, viscosities, cetane or octane numbers
    • F02D19/0657—Heavy or light fuel oils; Fuels characterised by their impurities such as sulfur content or differences in grade, e.g. for ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/081—Adjusting the fuel composition or mixing ratio; Transitioning from one fuel to the other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
    • F02M31/16—Other apparatus for heating fuel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D24/00—Control of viscosity
    • G05D24/02—Control of viscosity characterised by the use of electric means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
    • B63H21/14—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven relating to internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0606—Fuel temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0611—Fuel type, fuel composition or fuel quality
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0047—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
    • F02M37/0064—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel for engines being fed with multiple fuels or fuels having special properties, e.g. bio-fuels; varying the fuel composition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0047—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
    • F02M37/007—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel characterised by its use in vehicles, in stationary plants or in small engines, e.g. hand held tools
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for switching a marine engine from diesel oil to heavy oil operation.
  • HFO heavy fuel oil
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method for switching a marine engine from diesel oil to heavy oil operation, which excludes damage to the engine during the transition from heavy oil to diesel operation.
  • the basic idea of the invention is initially to operate the ship's engine with only one type of fuel, eg diesel oil. If the marine engine is to be switched over from diesel oil to heavy oil operation, this can be initiated manually, remotely or automatically upon reaching a predetermined geographic position. First, a predetermined amount of heavy oil is added to the diesel oil and preferably kept in a separate chamber from the direct fuel supply or a separate circuit, first the viscosity of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture is measured and this diesel oil / heavy oil mixture is brought to a temperature which is suitable for the supply line in the injection nozzles of the marine engine. Only after reaching this temperature will the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture supplied to the ship's engine and operated the marine engine with this diesel / heavy oil mixture.
  • a predetermined amount of heavy oil is added to the diesel oil and preferably kept in a separate chamber from the direct fuel supply or a separate circuit, first the viscosity of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture is measured and this diesel oil / heavy oil mixture is brought to a temperature which is
  • the heavy oil content is increased in the diesel / heavy oil mixture, which in turn measured the viscosity, the temperature increases to achieve the predetermined viscosity of the injectors value and the further diesel / heavy oil mixture is supplied to the marine engine for combustion.
  • the marine engine system is preferably designed for the inventive method such that enough fuel in the respective diesel oil / heavy oil ratio is available without causing bottlenecks in the fuel supply. This is particularly important if, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the process aborted and the marine engine to be operated with the last set diesel / heavy oil mixture. This is important when the measured temperature in relation to the measured viscosity of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture of a predetermined temperature / viscosity ratio for a corresponding diesel oil / heavy oil mixture ratio particularly preferably deviates by a predetermined amount and threaten any engine damage.
  • the ship engine is stopped when the measured temperature in relation to the measured viscosity of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture of a predetermined temperature / viscosity ratio for a corresponding diesel oil / heavy oil mixture ratio preferably by a predetermined Deviates measure.
  • an alarm to be issued which may be an optical, audible or other alarm which indicates the malfunction to the personnel on board the ship.
  • the method can be particularly preferably designed such that the change in the composition of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture takes place by means of a programmable ramp function, wherein, for example, in this ramp function the empirical values relating to the period of time for adjusting the temperature of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture in FIG their respective composition.
  • the tempering performance is controlled as a function of the change in viscosity of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture measured within a predetermined period of time. This means that, for example, when a large change in viscosity occurs during the conversion from diesel oil to heavy oil, the power of the corresponding elements provided for controlling the temperature of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture is so regulated that the temperature of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture is adjusted as quickly as possible so that the Marine engine sufficient fuel with engine compatible viscosity can be provided.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for switching a marine engine from heavy fuel oil to diesel oil operation, characterized by the steps: a) operating the marine engine with diesel oil, b) admixing heavy fuel oil to the diesel oil, c) measuring the viscosity of the diesel oil/heavy fuel oil mixture and adjusting the temperature of the diesel oil/heavy fuel oil mixture to a temperature that produces a viscosity of the diesel oil/heavy fuel oil mixture that is adapted to the injectors of the marine engine before the diesel oil/heavy fuel oil mixture is fed to the injectors, d) operating the marine engine with the temperature-adjusted diesel oil/heavy fuel oil mixture, e) increasing the heavy fuel oil percentage in the diesel oil/heavy fuel oil mixture, and f) repeating steps c) to e) until the marine engine is exclusively operated with heavy fuel oil.

Description

Verfahren zum Umschalten eines Schiffsmotors von Schweröl- auf Dieselölbetrieb Method for switching a marine engine from heavy oil to diesel oil operation
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Umschalten eines Schiffsmotors von Dieselöl- auf Schwerölbetrieb.The invention relates to a method for switching a marine engine from diesel oil to heavy oil operation.
Derzeit verwenden ungefähr 80 % der Welthandelsschiffe Schweröl (heavy fuel oil; HFO) als Kraftstoff zum Betrieb ihrer Schiffsmotoren. Die Verwendung von Schweröl ist jedoch ökologisch bedenklich, da dieses einen hohen Schwefelgehalt aufweist und die Verbrennung von Schweröl in Schiffsmotoren damit zu einer hohen SOx-Emission führt.Currently, about 80% of the world merchant ships use heavy fuel oil (HFO) as fuel to power their marine engines. However, the use of heavy oil is ecologically questionable, since it has a high sulfur content and the combustion of heavy fuel oil in marine engines so that x emissions leads to a high SO.
Daher werden zunehmend Sondergebiete ausgezeichnet (z.B. die Ostsee) in denen im Schiffsbetrieb nur Kraftstoffe mit geringem Schwefelgehalt eingesetzt werden dürfen (max. 1,5 Gew.-% Schwefel). Damit sind viele Reeder gezwungen ihre Schiffe von Schweröl auf Dieselöl (marine diesel oil; MDO) umzustellen, das einen Schwefelgehalt von lediglich ca. 0,1 Gew.-% oder weniger aufweist.As a result, special areas are increasingly being awarded (for example, the Baltic Sea), where only fuels with low sulfur content may be used in ship operations (maximum 1.5% sulfur by weight). Many shipowners are forced to switch from heavy oil to marine diesel oil (MDO), which has a sulfur content of only about 0.1% by weight or less.
Die Umstellung des Schiffsmotorbetriebs von Schweröl auf Dieselöl kann einerseits vollständig erfolgen, andererseits ist aber auch aus der DD 66 529 eine Mischeinrichtung bekannt, mit der ein Schiffsmotor von Schweröl- auf Dieselbetrieb umgeschaltet und so nach Bedarf und in Abhängigkeit von dem befahrenen Gebiet mit Schweröl oder mit Dieselöl betrieben werden kann.The conversion of marine engine operation of heavy fuel oil on diesel can on the one hand completely done, but on the other hand from DD 66 529 a mixing device is known, with a marine engine switched from heavy oil to diesel operation and so as needed and depending on the area with heavy oil or Can be operated with diesel oil.
Bei der Umstellung von Schweröl- auf Dieselölbetrieb oder umgekehrt besteht jedoch das Problem, dass Schweröl gegenüber Dieselöl eine höhere Viskosität aufweist, sodass besondere Maßnahmen bei der Umschaltung in der Kraftstoffversorgung ergriffen werden müssen. Insbesondere wurde daher bereits vorgeschlagen, die Zuleitung des Kraftstoffs von einem ersten Dieselöl enthaltenden Tank auf einen zweiten Schweröl enthaltenden Tank vollständig umzuschalten und die Viskositätsänderung des Kraftstoffs durch Temperaturanpassung zu kompensieren. Dabei ist vorgesehen, dass das Schweröl bei einer Umschaltung von Dieselöl auf Schweröl derart temperiert wird, dass das Schweröl eine Viskosität aufweist, die an die Einspritzdüsen des Schiffsmotors angepasst ist. Bei einer Umschaltung von Schweröl auf Dieselöl hingegen wird regelmäßig keine Temperierung des Dieselöls notwenig sein, wenn die Einspritzdüsen für die Viskosität von Dieselöl eingerichtet sind.When switching from heavy oil to diesel oil operation or vice versa, however, there is the problem that heavy oil compared to diesel oil has a higher viscosity, so special measures must be taken when switching over in the fuel supply. In particular, it has therefore already been proposed to completely switch over the supply of the fuel from a first diesel-containing tank to a second heavy-oil tank and to compensate for the viscosity change of the fuel by adjusting the temperature. It is provided that the heavy oil is heated at a switch from diesel oil to heavy oil such that the heavy oil has a viscosity that is adapted to the injectors of the marine engine. In contrast, when switching from heavy fuel oil to diesel oil, regular temperature control of the diesel oil will not be necessary if the injection nozzles are set up for the viscosity of diesel oil.
Das Umschalten von Dieselöl auf viskoseres Schweröl mit der bekannten Mischvorrichtung hat sich jedoch in der Praxis aufgrund unzureichender Viskositätsanpassung und den dadurch verursachten Maschinenschäden als nachteilig erwiesen.Switching from diesel oil to more viscous heavy oil with the known mixing device, however, has proven to be disadvantageous in practice due to insufficient viscosity adaptation and the machine damage caused thereby.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher ein Verfahren zum Umschalten eines Schiffsmotors von Dieselöl- auf Schwerölbetrieb zu schaffen, das eine Schädigung des Motors bei der Umstellung von Schweröl- auf Dieselbetrieb ausschließt.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a method for switching a marine engine from diesel oil to heavy oil operation, which excludes damage to the engine during the transition from heavy oil to diesel operation.
Die Aufgabe wird durch das Verfahren mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 bzw. durch das Verfahren mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 2 gelöst. Die Unteransprüche geben vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung wieder.The object is achieved by the method having the features of claim 1 or by the method having the features of claim 2. The subclaims reflect advantageous embodiments of the invention.
Die Erfindung wird anhand des Umschaltvorgangs von Dieselöl auf Schweröl erklärt, wobei es sich versteht, dass der Umschaltvorgang auch in umgekehrter Reihenfolge durchgeführt werden kann.The invention will be explained with reference to the switching operation of diesel oil to heavy oil, it being understood that the switching operation can also be carried out in the reverse order.
Grundgedanke der Erfindung ist es den Schiffsmotor zunächst nur mit einer Kraftstoffart, z.B. Dieselöl, zu betreiben. Soll der Schiffsmotor nun von Dieselöl- auf Schwerölbetrieb umge- schaltet werden, kann dieses manuell, ferngesteuert oder automatisch bei Erreichen einer vorbestimmten geografischen Position eingeleitet werden. Zunächst wird dem Dieselöl eine vorbestimmte Menge Schweröl beigemengt und bevorzugt in einer von der direkten Kraftstoffzuführung separaten Kammer oder einem separaten Kreislauf vorgehalten, wobei zunächst die Viskosität des Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischs gemessen wird und dieses Dieselöl/Schweröl- Gemisch auf eine Temperatur gebracht wird, die für die Zuleitung in die Einspritzdüsen des Schiffsmotors geeignet ist. Erst nach Erreichen dieser Temperatur wird das Diesel- öl/Schweröl-Gemisch dem Schiffsmotor zugeführt und der Schiffsmotor mit diesem Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemisch betrieben.The basic idea of the invention is initially to operate the ship's engine with only one type of fuel, eg diesel oil. If the marine engine is to be switched over from diesel oil to heavy oil operation, this can be initiated manually, remotely or automatically upon reaching a predetermined geographic position. First, a predetermined amount of heavy oil is added to the diesel oil and preferably kept in a separate chamber from the direct fuel supply or a separate circuit, first the viscosity of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture is measured and this diesel oil / heavy oil mixture is brought to a temperature which is suitable for the supply line in the injection nozzles of the marine engine. Only after reaching this temperature will the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture supplied to the ship's engine and operated the marine engine with this diesel / heavy oil mixture.
Darauf wird der Schwerölanteil im Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemisch erhöht, woraufhin wiederum die Viskosität gemessen, die Temperatur zur Erreichung des von den Einspritzdüsen vorgegebenen Viskositäts werts entsprechend erhöht und das weitere Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemisch dem Schiffsmotor zur Verbrennung zugeleitet wird.Then the heavy oil content is increased in the diesel / heavy oil mixture, which in turn measured the viscosity, the temperature increases to achieve the predetermined viscosity of the injectors value and the further diesel / heavy oil mixture is supplied to the marine engine for combustion.
Dieser Vorgang wird solange wiederholt bis der Anteil des Dieselöls im Dieselöl/Schweröl- Gemisch auf Null gesunken ist und der Schiffsmotor ausschließlich mit Schweröl, d.h. 0 % Dieselöl und 100 % Schweröl, betrieben wird.This process is repeated until the proportion of diesel oil in the diesel / heavy oil mixture has fallen to zero and the marine engine exclusively with heavy oil, i. 0% diesel oil and 100% heavy oil, is operated.
Die Schiffsmotorenanlage ist für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bevorzugt derart auszulegen, dass genügend Kraftstoff im jeweiligen Dieselöl/Schweröl- Verhältnis zur Verfügung steht ohne dass es zu Engpässen in der Kraftstoffversorgung kommt. Dieses ist insbesondere dann wichtig, wenn nach einem bevorzugten Ausfuhrungsbeispiel der Erfindung das Verfahren abgebrochen und der Schiffsmotor mit dem zuletzt eingestellten Dieselöl/Schweröl- Gemisch betrieben werden soll. Dieses ist dann wichtig, wenn die gemessene Temperatur im Verhältnis zur gemessenen Viskosität des Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischs von einem vorbe- stimmten Temperatur/Viskositäts-Verhältnis für ein entsprechendes Dieselöl/Schweröl- Gemischverhältnis besonders bevorzugt um ein vorbestimmtes Maß abweicht und etwaige Motorschäden drohen.The marine engine system is preferably designed for the inventive method such that enough fuel in the respective diesel oil / heavy oil ratio is available without causing bottlenecks in the fuel supply. This is particularly important if, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the process aborted and the marine engine to be operated with the last set diesel / heavy oil mixture. This is important when the measured temperature in relation to the measured viscosity of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture of a predetermined temperature / viscosity ratio for a corresponding diesel oil / heavy oil mixture ratio particularly preferably deviates by a predetermined amount and threaten any engine damage.
Alternativ kann in diesem Fall auch vorgesehen sein, dass der Schiffsmotor gestoppt wird, wenn die gemessene Temperatur im Verhältnis zur gemessenen Viskosität des Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischs von einem vorbestimmten Temperatur/Viskositäts-Verhältnis für ein entsprechendes Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischverhältnis bevorzugt um ein vorbestimmtes Maß abweicht. In jedem der genannten Ausnahmefälle ist jedenfalls vorgesehen, dass ein Alarm ausgegeben wird, wobei es sich um einen optischen, akustischen oder sonstigen Alarm handeln kann, der das Personal an Bord des Schiffes auf die Fehlfunktion hinweist.Alternatively, it may also be provided in this case that the ship engine is stopped when the measured temperature in relation to the measured viscosity of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture of a predetermined temperature / viscosity ratio for a corresponding diesel oil / heavy oil mixture ratio preferably by a predetermined Deviates measure. In any of the exceptional cases mentioned, provision is made in any event for an alarm to be issued, which may be an optical, audible or other alarm which indicates the malfunction to the personnel on board the ship.
Besonders bevorzugt kann das Verfahren aufgrund entsprechender Vorversuche so ausgestaltet sein, dass die Veränderung der Zusammensetzung des Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischs mittels einer programmierbaren Rampenfunktion erfolgt, wobei beispielsweise in dieser Rampenfunktion die Erfahrungswerte in Bezug auf die Zeitdauer zur Temperaturanpassung des Die- selöl/Schwerölgemischs in ihrer jeweiligen Zusammensetzung berücksichtigt werden.On the basis of appropriate preliminary tests, the method can be particularly preferably designed such that the change in the composition of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture takes place by means of a programmable ramp function, wherein, for example, in this ramp function the empirical values relating to the period of time for adjusting the temperature of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture in FIG their respective composition.
Schließlich ist auch bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die Temperierungsleistung in Abhängigkeit von der innerhalb eines vorbestimmten Zeitraums gemessenen Veränderung der Viskosität des Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischs geregelt wird. Das bedeutet, dass beispielsweise bei einer bei der Umstellung von Dieselöl zu Schweröl auftretenden großen Viskositätszunahme die Leistung der entsprechenden zur Temperierung des Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischs vorgesehen Elemente derart hochreguliert wird, dass eine möglichst schnelle Temperierung des Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischs erfolgt, damit dem Schiffsmotor ausreichend Kraftstoff mit motorenverträglicher Viskosität zur Verfügung gestellt werden kann. Finally, it is also preferably provided that the tempering performance is controlled as a function of the change in viscosity of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture measured within a predetermined period of time. This means that, for example, when a large change in viscosity occurs during the conversion from diesel oil to heavy oil, the power of the corresponding elements provided for controlling the temperature of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture is so regulated that the temperature of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture is adjusted as quickly as possible so that the Marine engine sufficient fuel with engine compatible viscosity can be provided.

Claims

ANSPRÜCHE
1. Verfahren zum Umschalten eines Schiffsmotors von Dieselöl- auf Schwerölbetrieb,1. A method for switching a marine engine from diesel oil to heavy oil operation,
gekennzeichnet durch die Schritte:characterized by the steps:
a) Betreiben des Schiffmotors mit Dieselöl,a) operating the marine engine with diesel oil,
b) Beimengen von Schweröl zum Dieselöl,b) adding heavy fuel oil to the diesel oil,
c) Messen der Viskosität des Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischs und Temperieren des Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischs auf eine Temperatur, die eine an die Einspritzdüsen des Schiffsmotors angepasste Viskosität des Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischs erzeugt, bevor das Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemisch den Einspritzdüsen zugeführt wird,c) measuring the viscosity of the diesel / heavy oil mixture and tempering the diesel / heavy oil mixture to a temperature that produces a viscosity of the diesel / heavy oil mixture adapted to the injectors of the marine engine before the diesel / heavy oil mixture is supplied to the injectors becomes,
d) Betreiben des Schiffsmotors mit dem temperierten Dieselöl/Schweröl- Gemisch,d) operating the marine engine with the tempered diesel oil / heavy oil mixture,
e) Erhöhen des Schwerölanteils im Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemisch unde) increasing the heavy oil content in the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture and
f) Wiederholen der Schritte c) bis e) bis der Schiffsmotor ausschließlich mit Schweröl betrieben wird.f) Repeat steps c) to e) until the marine engine is operated exclusively with heavy oil.
2. Verfahren zum Umschalten eines Schiffsmotors von Schweröl- auf Dieselölbetrieb,2. Method for switching a marine engine from heavy oil to diesel oil operation,
gekennzeichnet durch die Schritte:characterized by the steps:
a) Betreiben des Schiffmotors mit Schweröl, b) Beimengen von Dieselöl zum Schweröl,a) operating the marine engine with heavy oil, b) adding diesel oil to the heavy oil,
c) Messen der Viskosität des Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischs und Temperieren des Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischs auf eine Temperatur, die eine an die Einspritzdüsen des Schiffsmotors angepasste Viskosität des Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischs erzeugt, bevor das Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemisch den Einspritzdüsen zugeführt wird,c) measuring the viscosity of the diesel / heavy oil mixture and tempering the diesel / heavy oil mixture to a temperature that produces a viscosity of the diesel / heavy oil mixture adapted to the injectors of the marine engine before the diesel / heavy oil mixture is supplied to the injectors becomes,
d) Betreiben des Schiffsmotors mit dem temperierten Dieselöl/Schweröl- Gemisch,d) operating the marine engine with the tempered diesel oil / heavy oil mixture,
e) Erhöhen des Dieselölanteils im Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemisch unde) increasing the diesel oil content in the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture and
f) Wiederholen der Schritte c) bis e) bis der Schiffsmotor ausschließlich mit Dieselöl betrieben wird.f) repeating steps c) to e) until the marine engine is operated exclusively with diesel oil.
3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren bei Abweichen der gemessenen Temperatur im Verhältnis zur gemes- senen Viskosität des Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischs von einem vorbestimmten Temperatur/Viskositäts-Verhältnis für ein entsprechendes Dieselöl/Schweröl- Gemischverhältnis beendet und der Schiffsmotor mit dem zuletzt eingestellten Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemisch betrieben wird.3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method ends in deviation of the measured temperature in relation to the measured viscosity of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture of a predetermined temperature / viscosity ratio for a corresponding diesel oil / heavy oil mixture ratio and the marine engine is operated with the last adjusted diesel oil / heavy oil mixture.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schiffsmotor bei Abweichen der gemessenen Temperatur im Verhältnis zur gemessenen Viskosität des Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischs von einem vorbestimmten Temperatur/Viskositäts- Verhältnis für ein entsprechendes Dieselöl/Schweröl- Gemischverhältnis gestoppt wird. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ship's engine is stopped at a deviation of the measured temperature in relation to the measured viscosity of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture of a predetermined temperature / viscosity ratio for a corresponding diesel oil / heavy oil mixture ratio.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Abweichen der gemessenen Temperatur im Verhältnis zur gemessenen Viskosität des Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischs von einem vorbestimmten Temperatur/Viskositäts- Verhältnis für ein entsprechendes Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischverhältnis ein Alarm ausgegeben wird.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that upon deviation of the measured temperature in relation to the measured viscosity of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture of a predetermined temperature / viscosity ratio for a corresponding diesel oil / heavy oil mixture ratio an alarm is issued.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Veränderung der Zusammensetzung des Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischs mittels einer programmierbaren Rampenfunktion erfolgt.6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the change in the composition of the diesel oil / heavy oil mixture takes place by means of a programmable ramp function.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Temperierungsleistung in Abhängigkeit von der innerhalb eines vorbestimmten7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Temperierungsleistung depending on the within a predetermined
Zeitraums gemessenen Veränderung der Viskosität des Dieselöl/Schweröl-Gemischs geregelt wird. Periodically measured change in viscosity of the diesel / heavy oil mixture is controlled.
PCT/DE2008/001761 2007-11-23 2008-10-29 Method for switching a marine engine from heavy fuel oil to diesel oil operation WO2009067970A1 (en)

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