WO2009024550A1 - N-benzyl, n' -arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives as lxr modulators - Google Patents

N-benzyl, n' -arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives as lxr modulators Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009024550A1
WO2009024550A1 PCT/EP2008/060788 EP2008060788W WO2009024550A1 WO 2009024550 A1 WO2009024550 A1 WO 2009024550A1 EP 2008060788 W EP2008060788 W EP 2008060788W WO 2009024550 A1 WO2009024550 A1 WO 2009024550A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tert
piperazin
butyl
methyl
benzamide
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/060788
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Koc-Kan Ho
Andrew Laird Roughton
Irina Neagu
Jui-Hsiang Chan
Nasrin Ansari
Michelle Lee Morris
Yajing Rong
Michael Ohlmeyer
Andrew John Cooke
Andrew Stanley Edwards
David Jonathan Bennett
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N.V. Organon
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Publication date
Application filed by N.V. Organon filed Critical N.V. Organon
Priority to AT08787281T priority Critical patent/ATE495161T1/en
Priority to CA2694604A priority patent/CA2694604C/en
Priority to JP2010521405A priority patent/JP5444547B2/en
Priority to MX2010001847A priority patent/MX2010001847A/en
Priority to DE602008004562T priority patent/DE602008004562D1/en
Priority to EP08787281A priority patent/EP2190827B1/en
Priority to CN200880101573.6A priority patent/CN101848899B/en
Publication of WO2009024550A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009024550A1/en

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    • C07D295/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms
    • C07D295/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms by radicals derived from carboxylic acids, or sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof
    • C07D295/182—Radicals derived from carboxylic acids
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D307/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D307/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D307/14—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
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    • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D307/52—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
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    • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D307/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D307/66—Nitrogen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D307/78—Benzo [b] furans; Hydrogenated benzo [b] furans
    • C07D307/79—Benzo [b] furans; Hydrogenated benzo [b] furans with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
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    • C07D309/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D309/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D309/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D309/14—Nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
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    • C07D317/44—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D317/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
    • C07D317/48—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring
    • C07D317/50—Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to atoms of the carbocyclic ring
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    • C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
    • C07D333/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D333/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings substituted on the ring sulfur atom
    • C07D333/48—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings substituted on the ring sulfur atom by oxygen atoms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to N-benzyl,N'arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and to the use of these N- benzyl, N'arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
  • LXRs The Liver X Receptors
  • ⁇ and ⁇ Two subtypes of LXR ( ⁇ and ⁇ ) have been identified and exhibit 77% homology of both their ligand- and DNA-binding domains. Both subtypes are highly conserved between humans and rodents however their tissue expression patterns differ significantly.
  • the expression of LXR ⁇ is restricted to tissues involved in lipid metabolism with highest expression in the liver; there are also significant levels in kidney, spleen, small intestine and adipose tissue.
  • LXR ⁇ is very widely distributed and has been found in virtually every tissue examined, including liver and brain. Both LXR ⁇ and LXR ⁇ are expressed in macrophages. See Costet et al., J. Biol. Chem 275:28240-28245 (2000).
  • LXR ATP-binding cassette transporter A1
  • LXR activation Costet et al., supra.
  • LXR agonists have also been shown to promote cholesterol efflux. See Claudel et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 98:2610-2615 (2001).
  • LXR receptors therefore play a critical role in cholesterol homeostasis in macrophages, and suppression within the local environment of the advanced atherosclerotic plaque may be a key feature of the pathology of the disease.
  • LXR agonists in the treatment of atherosclerosis has been increasingly documented over the last few years. See for example Levin et al.,
  • Atherosclerosis is a disease of the arteries that exists for many years without causing symptoms. Advanced atherosclerotic plaques can however become vulnerable to rupture, promoting acute thrombosis and clinical events such as myocardial infarction (Ml) and stroke.
  • Ml myocardial infarction
  • the primary mechanism for achieving efficacy in atherosclerosis with an LXR agonist is expected to occur by lowering the cholesterol burden of arteries (via upregulation of ABCA1 ), to generate more stable lesions and thus reduce the clinical events.
  • LXR agonists may increase circulating HDL levels due to the role of ABCA 1 in generation of nascent HDL by the liver. There is potential for further anti- atherosclerotic effects of LXR agonists due to suppression of inflammation (Joseph et al., Nat.Med. 9:213-219 (2003)) and effects on glucose metabolism. See Latiffe et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 100:5419-24 (2003).
  • N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives having the general formula I
  • n 1 or 2;
  • A is a 6-membered aromatic ring optionally containing 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms;
  • X is NR 8 , O or a bond;
  • R 1 is H, (d- 8 )alkyl [optionally substituted with halogen, (d ⁇ )alkyloxy, (C ⁇ alkyloxy- carbonyl, (C 3 -8)cycloalkyl, OH, CF 3 , cyano or NR 9 R 10 ], (C 2 -6)alkenyl, (C 2 -6)alkynyl, (C 3 -S)- cycloalkyl, phenyl [optionally substituted with (C 1 ⁇ )alkyl, (C 1 _ 4 )alkyloxy, halogen, CN, CF 3 , OCF 3 or NO 2 ], a 5- or 6-membered saturated heterocyclic group containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O and S, or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N [optionally substituted with (C- ⁇ )alkyl, (C 1 ⁇ )- alkyloxy, halogen or CF
  • R 3 optionally represents 1-4 substituents independently selected from (C- ⁇ )alkyl and (C 1 - 4 )alkyl substituted by OH or 1 or more halogens;
  • R 4 is H or (C 1 _ 6 )alkyl;
  • R 5 optionally represents 1-3 substituents independently selected from (C ⁇ alkyl, (C ⁇ alkyloxy and halogen;
  • R 6 is H, (C ⁇ alkyl [optionally substituted with halogen, CF 3 or CN], (C 3 _ 6 )cycloalkyl [optionally containing a heteroatom selected from O and S, and optionally substituted by CN or phenyl], (C 3 _ 6 )cycloalkyl(C 1 ⁇ )alkyl, or a 5- or 6-membered (hetero)aryl group, optionally linked through a methylene group, and optionally substituted with (C- ⁇ )alkyl, (C 1 .
  • R 7 is H or (Ci- 3 )alkyl
  • R 8 when present, is H or (C ⁇ alkyl; or R 8 together with R 1 and the N to which they are bonded form a 4-8 membered ring optionally containing a further heteroatom selected from O and S [and which ring is optionally substituted with OH, (d_ 3 )alkyl, (d_ 3 )alkyloxy or halogen]
  • R 9 and Ri 0 are independently selected from H, (Ci- 3 )alkyl or (Ci- 3 )alkylcarbonyl; or R 9 and R 10 together with the N to which they are bonded form a 4-8 membered ring optionally containing a further heteroatom selected from O and S; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • (C ⁇ alkyl as used in the definition of Formula I means a branched or unbranched alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, like octyl, hexyl, pentyl, isopentyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl, propyl, isopropyl, ethyl and methyl.
  • (d ⁇ )alkyl as used in the definition of Formula I means a branched or unbranched alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, like butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl, propyl, isopropyl, ethyl and methyl.
  • (d_ 3 )alkyl used in the definition of Formula I means a branched or unbranched alkyl group having 1-3 carbon atoms, like propyl, isopropyl, ethyl and methyl.
  • (C 2 - 6 )alkenyl means a branched or unbranched alkenyl group having 2-6 carbon atomes, such as ethenyl, propen-2-yl, 2-methyl-propenyl, penten-4-yl and the like.
  • (C 2 -6)alkynyl means a branched or unbranched alkynyl group having 2-6 carbon atomes, such as ethynyl, propyn-2-yl, pentyn-4-yl and the like.
  • (C 3 _ 8 )cycloalkyl means a cycloalkyl group having 3-8 carbon atoms, like cycloheptyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclobutyl and cyclopropyl.
  • the (C 3 -8)cycloalkyl group may contain a heteroatom selected from O and S to form a saturated heteroromatic ring such as tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydropyranyl and tetrahydrothiopyranyl.
  • a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing 1 -3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N is exemplified by oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, furazanyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thienyl and the like.
  • a 5- 6-membered saturated heterocyclic group containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O and S is exemplified by tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydropyranyl and tetrahydrothiopyranyl.
  • a 5- 6-membered saturated heterocyclic group containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N is exemplified by tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetra- hydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, morpholin-1-yl, thiomorpholin-1-yl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl and the like.
  • halogen means F, Cl, Br or I.
  • N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives of formula wherein X is NH and n is 1.
  • N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives of formula I wherein in addition A is phenyl.
  • R 1 is (C ⁇ alkyl [optionally substituted with (C 3 _ 8 )cycloalkyl], (C 2 - 6 )alkenyl, (C 3 _ 8 )cycloalkyl or phenyl [optionally substituted with halogen].
  • N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives of formula I wherein R 3 is absent or represents methyl, and wherein R 5 is absent or represents halogen.
  • R 6 is (Ci_ 6 )alkyl optionally substituted with CF 3 , and R 7 is H.
  • N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives of the invention are:
  • N-benzyl,N'arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives of the invention can be prepared using general synthetic methods known in the art of organic synthesis, for instance by using synthetic routes depicted in Scheme 1.
  • a (homo)piperazine intermediate of Formula 2 wherein Y represents an amino protecting group, such as for example a tert-butyloxycarbonyl group (t-Boc), and R 3 has the meaning as previously defined, is alkylated with a benzamide derivative of Formula 3, wherein R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 have the previously defined meaning and wherein L represents a leaving group such as chloro or bromo, in a solvent e.g. dichloromethane or acetonitrile at room or elevated temperature using an organic base e.g. triethylamine or inorganic base e.g. potassium carbonate to give an intermediate N-benzyl(hom)piperazine derivative of Formula 5.
  • Scheme 1
  • the intermediates of Formula 5 can be obtained from a reductive amination reactiion between the (homo)piperazine intermediate of Formula 2 with the intermediate benzamide derivative of Formula 4, wherein R 4 , R 5 ,R 6 and R 7 have the meaning as previously defined, which reaction can be carried out in a solvent e.g. dichloromethane using a reducing agent e.g. sodium triacetoxyborohydride.
  • a solvent e.g. dichloromethane
  • a reducing agent e.g. sodium triacetoxyborohydride.
  • Compounds of the invention according to Formula I wherein X is NR 8 , and wherein R 1 and R 8 have the meaning as previously defined, can be prepared from the intermediates of Formula 8 by reaction with 4-nitrophenylchoroformate or with (bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (triphosgene) in a solvent e.g. dichloromethane at room or elevated temperature, followed by addition of the desired amine of Formula R 1 R 8 NH, wherin R 1 and R 8 have the meaning as previously defined, in the presence of a base e.g. triethylamine.
  • a base e.g. triethylamine
  • Compounds of the invention wherein X is NH can also be prepared by reacting a N- benzyl.N'-benzoylpiperazine intermediate of Formula 8 with an isocyanate of formula R 1 -NCO, wherein R 1 has the meaning as previously defined, in solvent e.g. dichloromethane.
  • Compounds of Formula I wherein X is O can be prepared by reaction from an intermediate of Formula 8 with 4-nitrophenylchoroformate or triphosgene in a solvent e.g. dichloromethane at room or elevated temperature, followed by addition of an excess of an alcohol of formula R 1 -OH, wherein R 1 has the meaning as previously defined.
  • Compounds of the invention wherein X is a bond can be prepared by reacting a N- benzyl.N'-benzoylpiperazine intermediate of Formula 8 with an acid chloride of formula R 1 CO 2 CI, wherein R 1 has the meaning as previously defined, in a solvent e.g. dichloromethane in the presence of an organic base e.g. triethylamine at room or elevated temperatures, or alternatively, by reaction with an acid derivative of formula R 1 COOH, wherein R 1 has the meaning as previously defined, in a solvent e.g. dichloromethane using a coupling reagent e.g. N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride or 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride and base e.g. triethylamine.
  • a coupling reagent e.g. N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'
  • the intermediate piperazine derivative of Formula 2, the benzamide derivatives of Formula 3 and Formula 4, as well as the 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives of formula 7 are compounds that can be prepared using methods well known in the art from commercially available intermediates.
  • ⁇ /-protecting group means a group commonly used for the protection of an amino group, like the alloxycarbonyl (Alloc) group, the tert- butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) group, the benzyloxycarbonyl (Z) group or the 9- fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group. Removal of these and other protecting groups can take place in different ways, depending on the nature of those protecting groups. An overview of protecting groups and methods for their removal is given in T. W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, " Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis", 2 nd edition, 1991 , John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • the N-benzyl,N'arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives of Formula I and their salts may contain at least one centre of chirality, and exist therefore as stereoisomers, including enantiomers and diastereomers.
  • the present invention includes the aforementioned stereoisomers within its scope and each of the individual R and S enantiomers of the compounds of formula I and their salts, substantially free, i.e. associated with less than 5%, preferably less than 2%, in particular less than 1% of the other enantiomer, and mixtures of such enantiomers in any proportions including the racemic mixtures containing substantially equal amounts of the two enantiomers.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be obtained by treating a free base of a compound of formula I with a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, or an organic acid such as for example ascorbic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, fumaric acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, propionic acid, acetic acid, methane sulfonic acid, and the like.
  • a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid
  • an organic acid such as for example ascorbic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, fumaric acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, propionic acid, acetic acid, methane sulfonic acid, and the like.
  • the compounds of the invention may exist in unsolvated as well as in solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol and the like.
  • the solvated forms are considered equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purpose of the invention.
  • compositions comprising a N- benzyl.N'arylcarbonylpiperazine derivative having the general Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliaries, and optionally other therapeutic agents.
  • acceptable means being compatible with the other ingredients of the composition and not deleterious to the recipients thereof.
  • Compositions include e.g. those suitable for oral, sublingual, subcutaneous, intravenous, epidural, intrathecal, intramuscular, transdermal, pulmonary, local, or rectal administration, and the like, all in unit dosage forms for administration.
  • the active ingredient may be presented as discrete units, such as tablets, capsules, powders, granulates, solutions, suspensions, and the like.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, e.g. injection liquids in predetermined amounts, for example in sealed vials and ampoules, and may also be stored in a freeze dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of sterile liquid carrier, e.g. water, prior to use.
  • sterile liquid carrier e.g. water
  • the active agent may be compressed into solid dosage units, such as pills, tablets, or be processed into capsules, suppositories or patches.
  • the active agent can be applied as a fluid composition, e.g. as an injection preparation, in the form of a solution, suspension, emulsion, or as a spray, e.g. a nasal spray.
  • solid dosage units For making solid dosage units, the use of conventional additives such as fillers, colorants, polymeric binders and the like is contemplated. In general any pharmaceutically acceptable additive which does not interfere with the function of the active compounds can be used. Suitable carriers with which the active agent of the invention can be administered as solid compositions include lactose, starch, cellulose derivatives and the like, or mixtures thereof, used in suitable amounts. For parenteral administration, aqueous suspensions, isotonic saline solutions and sterile injectable solutions may be used, containing pharmaceutically acceptable dispersing agents and/or wetting agents, such as propylene glycol or butylene glycol.
  • the invention further includes a pharmaceutical composition, as hereinbefore described, in combination with packaging material suitable for said composition, said packaging material including instructions for the use of the composition for the use as hereinbefore described.
  • the N-benzyl,N'arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives of the present invention were found to be modulators of LXR ⁇ , especially having agonistic activity thereon, and are as such useful in preventing and reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and related disorders associated with cholesterol and bile acids transport and metabolism, such as hypercholesterolemia (e.g. coronary heart disease), cholesterol gallstones, lipid storage diseases, diabetes and obesity.
  • the compounds of the invention are potentially also useful in further indications such as:
  • Ligand activation of LXR has been shown to inhibit a number of inflammatory pathways e.g. Interleukin1- ⁇ , lnterleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2 and most recently shown to directly inhibit C-reactive protein expression. See Blaschke et al., Circ. Res. 99: 88-99. (2006).
  • Compounds of the invention may have therapeutic utility in suppression of inflammation in inflammatory diseases such as contact dermititis (see Fowler et al., J. Invest.
  • the LXR ligand T0901317 has been shown to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation following balloon injury in vitro and in vivo. Compounds of the invention may therefore have therapeutic utility in proliferative vascular diseases. See Blaschke et al., Circ. Res. 95:110-123 (2004).
  • the LXR agonist T0901317 delayed progression of tumours in an animal model of prostate cancer.
  • Compounds of the invention may be potentially useful for treatment of prostate cancer. See Chuu et al.,Cancer.Res. 66:6482-6486 (2006).
  • LXR agonists can reduce the deposition of ⁇ -amyloid in the brain.
  • T0901317 has been shown to lower deposition of ⁇ - amyloid but also improve memory. See Riddell et al., MoI. Cell. Neurosci. 34: 621-628 (2007).
  • the agonist derivatives of the present invention may therefore have therapeutic utility in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers disease.
  • Combination therapies The compounds of the invention may be combined with another therapeutic agent that is useful in the treatment of other metabolic disorders such as; hypertension, hyperlipidaemias, dyslipidaemias, diabetes, chronic inflammatory disorders, obesity and in any condition where enhancement of reverse cholesterol transport and/or improvement of LDLHDL ratios would be of potential clinical benefit.
  • therapies are: inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG CoA reductase) (e.g. atorvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, rosuvastatin and others), cholesterol absorption inhibitors (e.g. ezetimibe), bile sequestrants (e.g.
  • cholestyramine microsomal triglyceride transfer protien (MTP) inhibitors
  • MTP microsomal triglyceride transfer protien
  • peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor modulators e.g.muraglitazar, rosiglitazone, fibrates and others
  • cholesterol ester transfer protien inhibitiors e.g. nicotinic acid derivatives
  • Acyl coenzyme A cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) inhibitors (e.g. eflucimibe), farnesoid X receptor modulators, therapies used for the treatment of metabollic syndrome or type 2 diabetes e.g. metformin.
  • ACAT cholesterol acyl transferase
  • Compounds of the invention may be combined with anti-inflammatory therapies (e.g. aspirin) and with treatments for neurodegenerative diseases (e.g Aricept®, Exelon®, Reminyl® and Ebixa®).
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered for humans in a sufficient amount and for a sufficient amount of time to alleviate the symptoms.
  • daily dosage levels for humans can be in the range of 0.001-50 mg per kg body weight, preferably in a daily dosage of 0.01-20 mg per kg body weight.
  • HPLC purification is used within this experimental section and refers to High Performance Liquid Chromatography.
  • Some examples of general methods that may be used to purify compounds are: acidic reverse phase HPLC (water / acetonitrile / 0.1 % trifluoroacetic acid) using a standard gradient of 5% acetonitrile / 95% water to 100% acetonitrile or basic reverse phase HPLC ( water / acetonitrile / 0.1 % ammonia solution) using a standard gradient of 10% acetonitrile / 90% water to 100% acetontrile.
  • UV detection e.g. 254nM is used for the collection of fractions from HPLC. This description gives general methods and variations in types of equipment, columns, mobile phase, detection wavelength, solvent gradient and run time may also be used to purify compounds.
  • Boc terf-butoxycarbonyl
  • CDCI 3 chloroform-d
  • CD 3 OD methanol-d4
  • HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
  • HOBt 1 H-benzo[d][1 ,2,3]triazol-1-ol
  • HATU O-(7- azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N,N-tetramethyl uronium hexafluorophosphate
  • EDCI N-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride.
  • N-tert-butyl-3-(chloromethyl)benzamide was placed under an argon atmosphere and treated with a solution of tert-butyl 1-piperazine-carboxylate (2.96g, 15.9mmol) and N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (5.53ml_, 31.7mmol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (15ml_) at room temperature.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred overnight, diluted with ethyl acetate (10OmL) and washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride (x5).
  • the organic phase was dried on magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give a crude oil.
  • N-tert-Butyl-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide dihydrochloride (0.5Og, 1.44mmol) was suspended in stirred dichloromethane (2OmL) at O 0 C (ice-bath) under an argon atmosphere.
  • N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (1.OmL, 5.75mmol) was added slowly.
  • the resulting solution was treated with a suspension of 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (0.267g, 1.44mmol) in dichloromethane (1 OmL).
  • the ice-bath was removed and stirring continued for 1 hour.
  • the solution was diluted with dichloromethane (7OmL) and washed with water (x4).
  • N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-nitrobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide (0.56g, 1.31 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (1OmL) at room temperature.
  • Raney 2800 nickel ⁇ 1 ml_ of an aqueous suspension
  • a balloon of hydrogen was attached to the flask via a three-way stopcock and hydrogen was allowed to slowly flow through the system for 1 minute.
  • the flask was sealed under 1 atmosphere of hydrogen and vigorous stirring continued for 1 hour.
  • the balloon was removed and the flask was flushed with argon.
  • the suspension was gravity-filtered over fluted paper and washed with methanol.
  • N-tert-Butyl-3-(chloromethyl)benzamide 14.71g, 65.2mmol
  • tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate (12.14g, 65.2mmol)
  • sodium iodide (1.95g, 13.0mmol
  • triethylamine (27.3mL, 195.5mmol)
  • tetrahydrofuran 125mL
  • the reaction was then concentrated under vacuum and the residue dissolved in ethyl acetate.
  • the organic mixture was washed consecutively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, water (x2) and brine then concentrated under vacuum.
  • Step 1 To a mixture of ethyl 1-cyanocyclopropanecarboxylate (35.9mmol, 5g), dimethoxyethane (10OmL) and methanol (1OmL) was added sodium borohydride (287mmol, 10.87g) slowly and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The solution was diluted with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate slowly and then extracted with 10% methanol / dichloromethane (x3). The organic layers were combined, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum to give the intermediate 1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropanecarbonitrile (2.36g).
  • Step 2 A stirred mixture of 1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropanecarbonitrile (24.30mmol, 2.36g) in dichloromethane (3OmL) was treated with triethylamine (48.6mmol, 6.83mL, 4.92g) and portionwise with methanesulfonyl chloride (31.6mmol, 2.445mL, 3.62g) keeping the reaction mixture at O 0 C.
  • Step 3 A stirred mixture of (i-cyanocyclopropyl)methyl methanesulfonate (21.52mmol, 3.77g) and sodium azide (43.0mmol, 2.8Og) in N,N-diemethyl formamide (4OmL) was heated to 120 0 C for -18 hours. The mixture was allowed to cool and was diluted with water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil.
  • N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(2-chloro-4-nitrobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide (1.9483g, 4.2mmol) was added to a suspension of reduced iron powder (2.3623g, 42mmol) and 1 M hydrochloric acid (6ml_) in isopropanol. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and the remaining residue was taken up in dichloromethane and washed with water. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (1.57g).
  • Stepi To a stirred solution of N-tert-butyl-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide (3.99mmol, 1.1g), 4-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (3.83mmol, 0.9g) and triethylamine (28.7mmol, 4mL, 2.9Og) in dichloromethane (2OmL) was added 1 - propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (8.94mmol, 5.3mL, 5.69g, 50% solution in ethyl acetate) dropwise. After 1 hour stirring, ethyl acetate was added and the organic mixture was washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate (x2), water (x2) and finally brine.
  • Step 2 To a stirred mixture of N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)- piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide (2.234mmol, 1.1g) and iron powder (22.38mmol, 1.25g) in isopropanol (1OmL) was added 1 M hydrochloric acid (3.00mmol, 3mL). The reaction was allowed to stir for 12 hours and was then concentrated under vacuum. Dichloromethane was added and the organic mixture was washed with water, dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to yield the title compound (0.86g). MS (ESI) m/z 463.5 [M+H] +
  • Methyl 6-(3-phenylureido)nicotinate (200mg, 0.43mmol) was dissolved in methanol (2ml_) at room temperature. Lithium hydroxide (100mg, 4.17mmol) was added, followed by water (10.5ml_). The mixture was heated to 5O 0 C and stirred overnight. The mixture was brought to pH 4-5 by addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The solid that had formed was then filtered and dried under vacuum to give the title compound (69mg). MS (ESI) m/z 258.1 [M+H] +
  • N-tert-butyl-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide dihydrochloride 16mg, 46 ⁇ mol
  • N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (20.4 ⁇ l, 117 ⁇ mol)
  • N- diemthylformamide (3ml_)
  • 6-(3-phenylureido)nicotinic acid 10mg, 39 ⁇ mol
  • O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N,N-tetramethyl uronium hexafluorophosphate 18mg, 47.3 ⁇ mol, HATU
  • tert-Butyl 4-(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)-1 ,4-diazepane-1-carboxylate (0.53g, 1.36mmol) was treated with an ethanolic solution of hydrochloric acid (3ml_, 14.5 wt% hydrochloric acid in ethanol). The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum, azeotroped with dichloromethane (x2) and dried under vacuum to afford the title compound (0.394g) as a white foamy solid.
  • N-tert-butyl-3-(((2S,6R)-2,6-dimethylpiperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide hydrochloride (0.025g, 0.083mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2ml_) was added O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N,N-tetramethyl uronium hexafluorophosphate (0.032g, 0.083mmol, HATU), 4-(3-cyclobutylureido)benzoic acid (0.019g, 0.083mmol) and N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (0.036mL, 0.21 mmol).
  • Step 2 To a stirred mixture of tert-butyl 4-(4-amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)-2,2- dimethylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (0.569mmol, 200mg) in dichloromethane (2ml_) was added trifluoroacetic acid (10. lOmmol, 0.75ml_, 1151 mg). After 1 hour stirring, the reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up in dichloromethane/methanol and loaded on to strong cation exchange column (5g) which was washed with dichloromethane/methanol. The product was eluted from the column with 2M ammonia in methanol. The organic phase was concentrated under vacuum to yield the title compound (131mg).
  • Step 1 A solution of methanesulfonyl chloride (165mg, 1.44mmol) in dichloromethane (2.OmL) was added to a stirred solution of N-tert-butyl-3-(1-hydroxy-2- methylpropyl)benzamide (300mg, 1.20mmol) in dichloromethane (8.OmL). After 1.5 hours stirring, the mixture was partitioned between dichloromethane and aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution.
  • Step 2 A solution of 1-(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)phenyl)propyl methanesulfonate, tert-butyl piperazine-1 -carboxylate (447mg, 2.40mmol) and N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2 -amine (0.623mL, 3.60mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (8.OmL) was stirred at 70 0 C for 4 hours, then subjected to microwave irradiation at 160°C for 10 minutes.
  • Methyl 4-methoxy-3-((4-(4-(3-phenylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzoate (216mg, 0.43mmol) was dissolved in methanol (2OmL) at room temperature. Lithium hydroxide (51.5mg, 2.15mmol) was added, followed by water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at 45 0 C overnight and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in water (15mL) and brought to pH ⁇ 3 with 1 M aqueous hydrochloric acid. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (x2) and with dichloromethane (x2).
  • N-tert-butyl-2-fluoro-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide (0.648mmol, 190mg), 4-amino- benzoic acid (0.648mmol, 89mg) and triethylamine (2.59mmol, 0.361 mL, 262mg) were dissolved in dichloromethane (6.476ml_).
  • 1 -Propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (1.295mmol, 0.767mL, 824mg, 50% solution in ethyl acetate) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours.
  • tert-Butyl 4-(4-(3-cyclobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (48.7mmol, 19.6g) was dissolved in a mixture of dichloromethane (125ml_) and acetonitrile (1OmL). After complete dissolution, trifluoroacetic acid (269mmol, 2OmL, 30.7g) was added over 10 minutes. The reaction was stirred until no trace of starting material remained. The reaction was neutralised with sodium hydrogen carbonate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to generate a white solid. The desired product was isolated by continuous extraction of this material using soxhlet apparatus with dichloromethane as elutant.
  • N-(3,3-Difluorocyclobutyl)-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide (5.14mmol, 1.59g)
  • 4-amino-3-fluorobenzoic acid (5.14mmol, 0.797g)
  • triethylamine (15.42mmol, 2.143mL, 1.56Og) were stirred in dichloromethane (3OmL) at room temperature.
  • 1 - Propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (7.71 mmol, 4.59mL, 4.91g, 50% solution in ethyl acetate) was added dropwise and the reaction stirred for 1 hour.
  • the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum and the residue taken up in ethyl acetate.
  • This assay is used to evaluate the potency of compounds in their ability to compete with the binding of the agonist radioligand [ 3 H] T0901317.
  • This assay utilises purified ligand binding domain (LBD) of Liver X Receptor alpha (LXR ⁇ ) fused to glutathione-S-transferase (GST) tagged protein (LXR ⁇ -LB D-GST) and scintillation proximity assay (SpA) technology to determine binding affinities (pKi) of compounds at the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the human nuclear hormone receptor LXR ⁇ . Protocol for expression of human LXR ⁇ -LBD-GST:
  • LBD ligand binding domain of Liver X Receptor alpha
  • LXR ⁇ from the pGEX-4T-1 plasmid in E. CoIi resulted in the production of a recombinant glutathione-S-transferase (GST) LXR ⁇ -LBD fusion protein.
  • GST glutathione-S-transferase
  • E.coli containing the plasmid were propagated, induced, and harvested by centrifugation. The bacterial pellet was resuspended in lysis buffer (5OmM tris(hydroxy- methyl)aminomethane(TRIS)-pH 8.0, 10OmM sodium chloride (NaCI), 1mM ethylene- diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), one tablet of proteinase inhibitor cocktail complete/ EDTA free (Roche) (per 50ml of buffer).
  • lysis buffer 5OmM tris(hydroxy- methyl)aminomethane(TRIS)-pH 8.0, 10OmM sodium chloride (NaCI), 1mM
  • the mixture was sonicated on ice with a Branson sonifier.
  • the suspension was centrifuged and dithiothreitol (DTT) added to the supernatant to obtain a final concentration of 25mM.
  • DTT dithiothreitol
  • Recombinant human LXR ⁇ -LBD- GST protein was purified from the resulting supernatant by affinity chromatography on Glutathione-Sepharose Fast flow (Amersham), and receptor was eluted with buffer containing glutathione (5OmM tris pH 8.0, 2mM DTT, 1OmM glutathione).
  • T0901317 (50 Ci/mmol), + test compound was added and incubated at 15 ° C on a plate shaker for 2hr. After incubation, the assay plates are read on a Packard TopCount.
  • the pKi value for T0901317 in this assay is: pKi 7.8 ⁇ 0.2.
  • T0901317 at a concentration of 1 ⁇ M was used as the maximum binding control. Active compounds show pKi values > 5.5 and preferred compounds show pKi values of >7 in this assay.
  • Intracellular agonist activity was measured in vitro using recombinant Chinese hamster ovary K1 (CHO. K1 ) cells stably expressing human Estrogen receptor ⁇ / Liver X receptor ⁇ chimeric receptor protein from a eukaryotic expression construct and a natural estrogen responsive element (ERE)-containing luciferase reporter construct.
  • the ER ⁇ /LXR ⁇ chimeric receptor protein contains the human LXR ⁇ receptor ligand binding domain (LBD) fused to the human ERa receptor DNA binding domain (DBD).
  • LBD human LXR ⁇ receptor ligand binding domain
  • DBD human ERa receptor DNA binding domain
  • the ERa DBD can induce ERE-mediated luciferase expression via a natural estrogen responsive element present in the rat oxytocin promotor luciferase construct.
  • a LXR agonist-induced luciferase assay was generated using T0901317 as the agonist control.
  • Expression constructs were prepared by inserting the ligand binding domain (LBD) of human LXR ⁇ of human LXR ⁇ cDNA adjacent to the human ERa transcription factor DNA binding domain (DBD) to create pNGVLER ⁇ DBD-LXR ⁇ LBD.
  • the pNGV1 mammalian expression construct (EMBL nucleotide sequence database file ASPNGV1 , ace. # X99274) carries a selection marker for Neomycin (G418).
  • the ERa responsive rat oxytocin (RO) was used to generate the promoter construct, pROLUC, and contains several copies of the ERa response element (ERE) placed adjacent to the luciferase reporter gene.
  • the promoter construct was based on the rat oxytocin gene regulatory region (position -363/+16) as a Hindi I/Mbol restriction enzyme fragment linked to the firefly luciferase encoding sequence. See Ivell and Richter., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 7: 2006-2010 (1984).
  • a stable CHO. K1 cell line expressing both pNGVLER ⁇ DBD-LXR ⁇ LBD and pROLUC was generated following transfection and selection of positive expressing clones using Neomycin.
  • the best cell line (CHO. K1 LXR ⁇ ) was selected on the basis of agonist window in response to 3 ⁇ M T0901317 and stability of response up to 20 passages. Assay of agonist activity of test compounds in LXR ⁇ transactivation assay.
  • K1 LXR ⁇ cells were seeded at a density of 25000 cells/well in 96 well plates in 200 ⁇ l of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (phenol red free) containing 5% charcoal treated bovine calf serum at 37 ° C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO 2 . After 6 h, compounds were characterised by incubation with cells for 16 h across a concentration range. T0901317 at a concentration of 3 ⁇ M was used as the maximum agonist control. Luciferase activity was determined using a Luciferase assay kit (Perkin Elmer) by addition of lysis buffer to each well and light emission measured using a Packard Topcount reader.
  • Luciferase activity was determined using a Luciferase assay kit (Perkin Elmer) by addition of lysis buffer to each well and light emission measured using a Packard Topcount reader.
  • Agonist activities of test compounds were compared against the maximum agonist control.
  • Preferred compounds of the invention were shown to have LXR ⁇ agonist activity using this assay protocol.

Abstract

The present invention relates to N-benzyl,N' -arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives having the general Formula (I) to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and to the use of a these N-benzyl,N' -arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives for the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing atherosclerosis and related disorders associated with cholesterol and bile acids transport and metabolism.

Description

N-BBNZYL , N' -ARYLCARBONYLPIPERAZINE DERIVATIVES AS LXR MODULATORS
The present invention relates to N-benzyl,N'arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and to the use of these N- benzyl, N'arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
The Liver X Receptors (LXRs) are a family of nuclear receptors that are activated upon binding of the naturally occurring oxysterols inducing transcription of target genes. Two subtypes of LXR (α and β) have been identified and exhibit 77% homology of both their ligand- and DNA-binding domains. Both subtypes are highly conserved between humans and rodents however their tissue expression patterns differ significantly. The expression of LXRα is restricted to tissues involved in lipid metabolism with highest expression in the liver; there are also significant levels in kidney, spleen, small intestine and adipose tissue. LXRβ is very widely distributed and has been found in virtually every tissue examined, including liver and brain. Both LXRα and LXRβ are expressed in macrophages. See Costet et al., J. Biol. Chem 275:28240-28245 (2000).
The roles of the LXR receptors are not fully understood, however LXR is well established as a master regulator of lipid metabolism in the liver and peripheral tissues, and as the key inducer of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1 ) gene (Venkateswaran et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 97:12097-12102 (2000)). In the human population, mutations of the ABCA1 gene lead to highly atherogenic lipoprotein profiles (Singaraja et al., Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 23:1322-1332 (2003)) which in the most severe form cause Tangier's Disease and associated premature atherosclerosis, (see Bodzioch et al., Nat. Genet. 22:347-351 (1999) and Rust et al., Nat. Genet. 22:352-355 (1999)). This rare inherited disorder is characterised by very low levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL), macrophage accumulation of cholesterol esters and significantly increased risk of atherosclerotic disease (Brooks-Wilson et al., Nat. Genet. 22:336-345
(1999)).
Evidence has demonstrated that up-regulation of ABCA 1 in human macrophages and enterocytes of the small intestine, is mediated by LXR activation (Costet et al., supra). Furthermore, LXR agonists have also been shown to promote cholesterol efflux. See Claudel et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 98:2610-2615 (2001). LXR receptors therefore play a critical role in cholesterol homeostasis in macrophages, and suppression within the local environment of the advanced atherosclerotic plaque may be a key feature of the pathology of the disease.
The potential utility of LXR agonists in the treatment of atherosclerosis has been increasingly documented over the last few years. See for example Levin et al.,
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 25:135-142 (2005). Atherosclerosis is a disease of the arteries that exists for many years without causing symptoms. Advanced atherosclerotic plaques can however become vulnerable to rupture, promoting acute thrombosis and clinical events such as myocardial infarction (Ml) and stroke. The primary cell type implicated in rupture of atherosclerotic plaques, and subsequent clinical events, is the macrophage.
The primary mechanism for achieving efficacy in atherosclerosis with an LXR agonist is expected to occur by lowering the cholesterol burden of arteries (via upregulation of ABCA1 ), to generate more stable lesions and thus reduce the clinical events.
Additionally, LXR agonists may increase circulating HDL levels due to the role of ABCA 1 in generation of nascent HDL by the liver. There is potential for further anti- atherosclerotic effects of LXR agonists due to suppression of inflammation (Joseph et al., Nat.Med. 9:213-219 (2003)) and effects on glucose metabolism. See Latiffe et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 100:5419-24 (2003).
There is a remaining need for compounds that are effective as LXR modulators.
To this aim the present invention provides N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives having the general formula I
Figure imgf000003_0001
Formula wherein n is 1 or 2; A is a 6-membered aromatic ring optionally containing 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms; X is NR8, O or a bond;
R1 is H, (d-8)alkyl [optionally substituted with halogen, (d^)alkyloxy, (C^alkyloxy- carbonyl, (C3-8)cycloalkyl, OH, CF3, cyano or NR9R10], (C2-6)alkenyl, (C2-6)alkynyl, (C3-S)- cycloalkyl, phenyl [optionally substituted with (C1^)alkyl, (C1_4)alkyloxy, halogen, CN, CF3, OCF3 or NO2], a 5- or 6-membered saturated heterocyclic group containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O and S, or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N [optionally substituted with (C-ι^)alkyl, (C1^)- alkyloxy, halogen or CF3]; or R1 is (C^alkyl substituted with phenyl [optionally substituted with (C1^)alkyl, (C1^)- alkyloxy, halogen or with 2 substituents at adjacent positions forming O-(CH2)n-O, wherein n is 1 or 2], a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N [optionally substituted with (C^alkyl, (C^alkyloxy or halogen], or a 5- or 6-membered saturated heterocyclic group containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected fron O, S and N [optionally substituted with (C1^)alkyl, (C1^)- alkyloxy, oxo, OH or halogen]; or when X is NR8, R1 may together with R8 and the N to which they are bonded form a 4-8 membered ring optionally containing a further heteroatom selected from O and S [and which ring is optionally substituted with OH, (C1^)alkyl, (C1^)alkyloxy or halogen]; R2 optionally represents 1-3 substituents independently selected from (C1^)alkyl, (C1^). alkyloxy, CF3 and halogen;
R3 optionally represents 1-4 substituents independently selected from (C-ι^)alkyl and (C1-4)alkyl substituted by OH or 1 or more halogens; R4 is H or (C1_6)alkyl; R5 optionally represents 1-3 substituents independently selected from (C^alkyl, (C^alkyloxy and halogen;
R6 is H, (C^alkyl [optionally substituted with halogen, CF3 or CN], (C3_6)cycloalkyl [optionally containing a heteroatom selected from O and S, and optionally substituted by CN or phenyl], (C3_6)cycloalkyl(C1^)alkyl, or a 5- or 6-membered (hetero)aryl group, optionally linked through a methylene group, and optionally substituted with (C-ι^)alkyl, (C1.4)alkyloxy, (C1-4)alkylsulfonyl, halogen, CN, CF3, CF3O or NO2]; R7 is H or (Ci-3)alkyl; R8, when present, is H or (C^alkyl; or R8 together with R1 and the N to which they are bonded form a 4-8 membered ring optionally containing a further heteroatom selected from O and S [and which ring is optionally substituted with OH, (d_3)alkyl, (d_3)alkyloxy or halogen]; R9 and Ri0 are independently selected from H, (Ci-3)alkyl or (Ci-3)alkylcarbonyl; or R9 and R10 together with the N to which they are bonded form a 4-8 membered ring optionally containing a further heteroatom selected from O and S; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
The term (C^alkyl as used in the definition of Formula I means a branched or unbranched alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, like octyl, hexyl, pentyl, isopentyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl, propyl, isopropyl, ethyl and methyl.
The term (d^)alkyl as used in the definition of Formula I means a branched or unbranched alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, like butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl, propyl, isopropyl, ethyl and methyl. Likewise, the term (d_3)alkyl used in the definition of Formula I means a branched or unbranched alkyl group having 1-3 carbon atoms, like propyl, isopropyl, ethyl and methyl. The term (C2-6)alkenyl means a branched or unbranched alkenyl group having 2-6 carbon atomes, such as ethenyl, propen-2-yl, 2-methyl-propenyl, penten-4-yl and the like. The term (C2-6)alkynyl means a branched or unbranched alkynyl group having 2-6 carbon atomes, such as ethynyl, propyn-2-yl, pentyn-4-yl and the like.
The term (C3_8)cycloalkyl means a cycloalkyl group having 3-8 carbon atoms, like cycloheptyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclobutyl and cyclopropyl. In the definition of Re in Formula I the (C3-8)cycloalkyl group may contain a heteroatom selected from O and S to form a saturated heteroromatic ring such as tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydropyranyl and tetrahydrothiopyranyl.
The term a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing 1 -3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, is exemplified by oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, furazanyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thienyl and the like. The term a 5- 6-membered saturated heterocyclic group containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O and S is exemplified by tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydropyranyl and tetrahydrothiopyranyl.
The term a 5- 6-membered saturated heterocyclic group containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N is exemplified by tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetra- hydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, morpholin-1-yl, thiomorpholin-1-yl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl and the like. The term halogen means F, Cl, Br or I.
There is a preference for N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives of formula wherein X is NH and n is 1.
Further preferrred are the N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives of formula I, wherein in addition A is phenyl.
More preferred are the compounds of formula I wherein R1 is (C^alkyl [optionally substituted with (C3_8)cycloalkyl], (C2-6)alkenyl, (C3_8)cycloalkyl or phenyl [optionally substituted with halogen].
Also preferred are the N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives of formula I wherein R3 is absent or represents methyl, and wherein R5 is absent or represents halogen. Especially preferred are the N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives of formula I wherein in addition R6 is (Ci_6)alkyl optionally substituted with CF3, and R7 is H.
Particular N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives of the invention are:
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cyclopropylmethyl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide; - N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-cyclobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 - yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cyclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-isobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-isopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cyclobutylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide; - N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-butylureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(2-cyclopropylethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- 3-((4-(4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2- methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide;
- 3-((4-(4-(3-butylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2- methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide;
- 3-((4-(4-(3-isobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2- methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide; - 3-((4-(3-fluoro^-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2- methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide;
- 3-((4-(4-(3-(cyclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1- trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide hydrochoride;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-4-(3-cyclobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)- benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-4-(3-(cyclopropylmethyl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide; - N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-4-(3-isobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 - yl)methyl)benzamide;
- 1-(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)-4-(3-chloro-4-(3-(cyclobutylmethyl)ureido)benzoyl)- piperazine 1 -oxide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-butylureido)-3-chlorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide; - N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-4-(3-isopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 - yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(2,3-difluoro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(2,3-difluoro-4-(3-isopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-butylureido)-2,3-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(2,3-difluoro-4-(3-isobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide; - N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cyclopropylmethyl)ureido)-2,3-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-cyclobutylureido)-2,3-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide hydrochloride; - N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-4-(3-(cyclopropylmethyl)ureido)-2-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1 - yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-4-(3-isobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-cyclobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-2- fluorobenzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-2-fluoro-3-((4-(4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-cyclobutyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide; and - (R)-N-sec-butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 - yl)methyl)benzamide; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
The N-benzyl,N'arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives of the invention can be prepared using general synthetic methods known in the art of organic synthesis, for instance by using synthetic routes depicted in Scheme 1.
Those skilled in the art will know that the order of addition of the key building blocks according to Formulas 2-8 can be altered and still give the desired products of Formula 1. Following one such route, a (homo)piperazine intermediate of Formula 2, wherein Y represents an amino protecting group, such as for example a tert-butyloxycarbonyl group (t-Boc), and R3 has the meaning as previously defined, is alkylated with a benzamide derivative of Formula 3, wherein R4, R5, R6 and R7 have the previously defined meaning and wherein L represents a leaving group such as chloro or bromo, in a solvent e.g. dichloromethane or acetonitrile at room or elevated temperature using an organic base e.g. triethylamine or inorganic base e.g. potassium carbonate to give an intermediate N-benzyl(hom)piperazine derivative of Formula 5. Scheme 1
Figure imgf000009_0001
Formula 2 Formula 3
Figure imgf000009_0002
Formula 8
Figure imgf000009_0003
Formula 1
As an alternative, the intermediates of Formula 5 can be obtained from a reductive amination reactiion between the (homo)piperazine intermediate of Formula 2 with the intermediate benzamide derivative of Formula 4, wherein R4, R5 ,R6 and R7 have the meaning as previously defined, which reaction can be carried out in a solvent e.g. dichloromethane using a reducing agent e.g. sodium triacetoxyborohydride. Deprotection of the Boc-protected intermediate of Formula 5, e.g. using trifluoroacetic acid and dichloromethane, provides the intermediate piperazine derivatives of Formula 6, which are subsequently coupled with a benzoic acid derivative of Formula 7, wherein R2 has the meaning as previously defined, in a solvent e.g. dichloromethane using a coupling agent e.g. N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride or 1- propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride, to give the N-benzyl,N'-benzoylpiperazine intermediate of Formula 8. Compounds of the invention according to Formula I wherein X is NR8, and wherein R1 and R8 have the meaning as previously defined, can be prepared from the intermediates of Formula 8 by reaction with 4-nitrophenylchoroformate or with (bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (triphosgene) in a solvent e.g. dichloromethane at room or elevated temperature, followed by addition of the desired amine of Formula R1R8NH, wherin R1 and R8 have the meaning as previously defined, in the presence of a base e.g. triethylamine.
Compounds of the invention wherein X is NH can also be prepared by reacting a N- benzyl.N'-benzoylpiperazine intermediate of Formula 8 with an isocyanate of formula R1-NCO, wherein R1 has the meaning as previously defined, in solvent e.g. dichloromethane. Compounds of Formula I wherein X is O can be prepared by reaction from an intermediate of Formula 8 with 4-nitrophenylchoroformate or triphosgene in a solvent e.g. dichloromethane at room or elevated temperature, followed by addition of an excess of an alcohol of formula R1-OH, wherein R1 has the meaning as previously defined.
Compounds of the invention wherein X is a bond can be prepared by reacting a N- benzyl.N'-benzoylpiperazine intermediate of Formula 8 with an acid chloride of formula R1CO2CI, wherein R1 has the meaning as previously defined, in a solvent e.g. dichloromethane in the presence of an organic base e.g. triethylamine at room or elevated temperatures, or alternatively, by reaction with an acid derivative of formula R1COOH, wherein R1 has the meaning as previously defined, in a solvent e.g. dichloromethane using a coupling reagent e.g. N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride or 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride and base e.g. triethylamine.
The intermediate piperazine derivative of Formula 2, the benzamide derivatives of Formula 3 and Formula 4, as well as the 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives of formula 7 are compounds that can be prepared using methods well known in the art from commercially available intermediates.
The term Λ/-protecting group, as used above, means a group commonly used for the protection of an amino group, like the alloxycarbonyl (Alloc) group, the tert- butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) group, the benzyloxycarbonyl (Z) group or the 9- fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group. Removal of these and other protecting groups can take place in different ways, depending on the nature of those protecting groups. An overview of protecting groups and methods for their removal is given in T. W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, " Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis", 2nd edition, 1991 , John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The N-benzyl,N'arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives of Formula I and their salts may contain at least one centre of chirality, and exist therefore as stereoisomers, including enantiomers and diastereomers. The present invention includes the aforementioned stereoisomers within its scope and each of the individual R and S enantiomers of the compounds of formula I and their salts, substantially free, i.e. associated with less than 5%, preferably less than 2%, in particular less than 1% of the other enantiomer, and mixtures of such enantiomers in any proportions including the racemic mixtures containing substantially equal amounts of the two enantiomers. Methods for asymmetric synthesis whereby the pure stereoisomers are obtained are well known in the art, e.g. synthesis with chiral induction or starting from chiral intermediates, enantioselective enzymatic conversions, separation of stereoisomers or enantiomers using chromatography on chiral media. Such methods are for example described in Chirality in Industry (edited by A.N. Collins, G.N. Sheldrake and J. Crosby, 1992; John Wiley).
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be obtained by treating a free base of a compound of formula I with a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, or an organic acid such as for example ascorbic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, fumaric acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, propionic acid, acetic acid, methane sulfonic acid, and the like.
The compounds of the invention may exist in unsolvated as well as in solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol and the like. In general, the solvated forms are considered equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purpose of the invention.
The present invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a N- benzyl.N'arylcarbonylpiperazine derivative having the general Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliaries, and optionally other therapeutic agents. The term "acceptable" means being compatible with the other ingredients of the composition and not deleterious to the recipients thereof. Compositions include e.g. those suitable for oral, sublingual, subcutaneous, intravenous, epidural, intrathecal, intramuscular, transdermal, pulmonary, local, or rectal administration, and the like, all in unit dosage forms for administration. For oral administration, the active ingredient may be presented as discrete units, such as tablets, capsules, powders, granulates, solutions, suspensions, and the like. For parenteral administration, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, e.g. injection liquids in predetermined amounts, for example in sealed vials and ampoules, and may also be stored in a freeze dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of sterile liquid carrier, e.g. water, prior to use.
Mixed with such pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliaries, e.g. as described in the standard reference, Gennaro, A.R. et al., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (20th Edition., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000, see especially Part 5:
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing), the active agent may be compressed into solid dosage units, such as pills, tablets, or be processed into capsules, suppositories or patches. By means of pharmaceutically acceptable liquids the active agent can be applied as a fluid composition, e.g. as an injection preparation, in the form of a solution, suspension, emulsion, or as a spray, e.g. a nasal spray.
For making solid dosage units, the use of conventional additives such as fillers, colorants, polymeric binders and the like is contemplated. In general any pharmaceutically acceptable additive which does not interfere with the function of the active compounds can be used. Suitable carriers with which the active agent of the invention can be administered as solid compositions include lactose, starch, cellulose derivatives and the like, or mixtures thereof, used in suitable amounts. For parenteral administration, aqueous suspensions, isotonic saline solutions and sterile injectable solutions may be used, containing pharmaceutically acceptable dispersing agents and/or wetting agents, such as propylene glycol or butylene glycol. The invention further includes a pharmaceutical composition, as hereinbefore described, in combination with packaging material suitable for said composition, said packaging material including instructions for the use of the composition for the use as hereinbefore described. The N-benzyl,N'arylcarbonylpiperazine derivatives of the present invention were found to be modulators of LXRα, especially having agonistic activity thereon, and are as such useful in preventing and reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and related disorders associated with cholesterol and bile acids transport and metabolism, such as hypercholesterolemia (e.g. coronary heart disease), cholesterol gallstones, lipid storage diseases, diabetes and obesity.
The compounds of the invention are potentially also useful in further indications such as:
Inflammatory disease:
Ligand activation of LXR has been shown to inhibit a number of inflammatory pathways e.g. Interleukin1-β, lnterleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2 and most recently shown to directly inhibit C-reactive protein expression. See Blaschke et al., Circ. Res. 99: 88-99. (2006).
Compounds of the invention may have therapeutic utility in suppression of inflammation in inflammatory diseases such as contact dermititis (see Fowler et al., J. Invest.
Dermatol. 120:246-55. (2003); neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (Zhang-Gandhi and Drew. J. Neuroimmunol. 183:50-59. (2007)) and autoimmune encephalomyelitis. See Hindinger et al., J. Neurosci. Res. 84:1225-1234 (2006).
Proliferative vascular disease:
The LXR ligand T0901317 has been shown to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation following balloon injury in vitro and in vivo. Compounds of the invention may therefore have therapeutic utility in proliferative vascular diseases. See Blaschke et al., Circ. Res. 95:110-123 (2004).
Diabetes/metabolic syndrome:
Recent literature has demonstrated efficacy of LXR agonists in animal models of insulin resistance and diabetes and thus compounds of the invention may have potential therapeutic utility in the treatment of diabetes and metabolic syndrome (see Liu et al.,
Endocrinology. 147:5061-5068 (2006); Fernandez-Veledo et al., Diabetologia. 49:3038-
3048 (2006)).
Cancer:
The LXR agonist T0901317 delayed progression of tumours in an animal model of prostate cancer. Compounds of the invention may be potentially useful for treatment of prostate cancer. See Chuu et al.,Cancer.Res. 66:6482-6486 (2006).
Neurodegenerative disease:
Via modulation of cellular cholesterol levels, LXR agonists can reduce the deposition of β-amyloid in the brain. In addition T0901317 has been shown to lower deposition of β- amyloid but also improve memory. See Riddell et al., MoI. Cell. Neurosci. 34: 621-628 (2007). The agonist derivatives of the present invention may therefore have therapeutic utility in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers disease. Combination therapies: The compounds of the invention may be combined with another therapeutic agent that is useful in the treatment of other metabolic disorders such as; hypertension, hyperlipidaemias, dyslipidaemias, diabetes, chronic inflammatory disorders, obesity and in any condition where enhancement of reverse cholesterol transport and/or improvement of LDLHDL ratios would be of potential clinical benefit. Examples of such therapies are: inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG CoA reductase) (e.g. atorvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, rosuvastatin and others), cholesterol absorption inhibitors (e.g. ezetimibe), bile sequestrants (e.g. cholestyramine), microsomal triglyceride transfer protien (MTP) inhibitors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor modulators (e.g.muraglitazar, rosiglitazone, fibrates and others), cholesterol ester transfer protien inhibitiors, nicotinic acid derivatives (e.g.
Niaspan ® etc), Acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) inhibitors (e.g. eflucimibe), farnesoid X receptor modulators, therapies used for the treatment of metabollic syndrome or type 2 diabetes e.g. metformin. Compounds of the invention may be combined with anti-inflammatory therapies (e.g. aspirin) and with treatments for neurodegenerative diseases (e.g Aricept®, Exelon®, Reminyl® and Ebixa®).
The compounds of the invention may be administered for humans in a sufficient amount and for a sufficient amount of time to alleviate the symptoms. Illustratively, daily dosage levels for humans can be in the range of 0.001-50 mg per kg body weight, preferably in a daily dosage of 0.01-20 mg per kg body weight.
The invention is illustrated by the following Examples.
General Experimental High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
HPLC purification is used within this experimental section and refers to High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Some examples of general methods that may be used to purify compounds are: acidic reverse phase HPLC (water / acetonitrile / 0.1 % trifluoroacetic acid) using a standard gradient of 5% acetonitrile / 95% water to 100% acetonitrile or basic reverse phase HPLC ( water / acetonitrile / 0.1 % ammonia solution) using a standard gradient of 10% acetonitrile / 90% water to 100% acetontrile. UV detection e.g. 254nM is used for the collection of fractions from HPLC. This description gives general methods and variations in types of equipment, columns, mobile phase, detection wavelength, solvent gradient and run time may also be used to purify compounds. Free Base and Salts
After purification by acidic HPLC basic products can either be isolated as the trifluoroacetic acid salt or liberated as the free base by common generic methods e.g. strong cation exchange chromatography eluting with 2M ammonia in methanol or silica carbonate column chromatography or partitioning between an organic solvent e.g. ethyl acetate and aqueous base e.g. sodium hydrogen carbonate, separating the organic layer, drying with inorganic solid e.g. magnesium sulfate, filtering and concentration under reduced pressure. The free base of products can also be coverted to hydrochoride salts by standard methods e.g. dissolving the free base in dichlorormethane and adding 2M hydrochloric acid in ether and concentrating under reduced pressure to give the hydrochloride salt.
Abbreviations:
Boc: terf-butoxycarbonyl; CDCI3: chloroform-d; CD3OD: methanol-d4; HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography; HOBt: 1 H-benzo[d][1 ,2,3]triazol-1-ol; HATU: O-(7- azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N,N-tetramethyl uronium hexafluorophosphate; EDCI: N-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride.
Example 1. N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)- benzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000015_0001
A: N-tert-Butyl-3-(piperazin-1 -ylmethvDbenzamide dihydrochloride Step 1 : 3-(Chloromethyl)benzoyl chloride (2.26mL, 15.9mmol) was added to a stirred solution of dichloromethane (5OmL) at -3O0C (cold-bath temperature) under argon. After 10 minutes stirring, a solution of tert-butylamine (1.66ml_, 15.9mmol) and N-ethyl-N- isopropylpropan-2-amine (5.53ml_, 31.7mmol) in dichloromethane (5mL) was added dropwise. Stirring was continued while allowing the cold-bath temperature to slowly increase to -150C over 45 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum to give the intermediate N-tert-butyl-3-(chloromethyl)benzamide as a white solid. Step 2:
The N-tert-butyl-3-(chloromethyl)benzamide was placed under an argon atmosphere and treated with a solution of tert-butyl 1-piperazine-carboxylate (2.96g, 15.9mmol) and N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (5.53ml_, 31.7mmol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (15ml_) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight, diluted with ethyl acetate (10OmL) and washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride (x5). The organic phase was dried on magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give a crude oil. This oil was purified by iterative rounds of silica chromatography (20 - 70% ethyl acetate in n-hexanes, followed by 0 - 6% methanol in dichloromethane) to give the intermediate tert-butyl 4-(3-(tert- butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine-1 -carboxylate (5.04g). Step 3:
The intermediate tert-butyl 4-(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine-1- carboxylate (5g, 13.3mmol) was stirred with a 14% wt./wt. solution of dry hydrochloric acid in anhydrous ethanol (2OmL) for 4 hours at room temperature. The solution was then concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (4.66g). MS (ESI) m/z 276.2 [M+H]+ B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-nitrobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
N-tert-Butyl-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide dihydrochloride (0.5Og, 1.44mmol) was suspended in stirred dichloromethane (2OmL) at O0C (ice-bath) under an argon atmosphere. N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (1.OmL, 5.75mmol) was added slowly. After 10 minutes stirring, the resulting solution was treated with a suspension of 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride (0.267g, 1.44mmol) in dichloromethane (1 OmL). The ice-bath was removed and stirring continued for 1 hour. The solution was diluted with dichloromethane (7OmL) and washed with water (x4). The organic phase was dried on magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give the title compound (0.58g) as a yellow foam. MS (ESI) m/z 425 [M+H]+ C: 3-((4-(4-Aminobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-nitrobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide (0.56g, 1.31 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (1OmL) at room temperature. Raney 2800 nickel (~1 ml_ of an aqueous suspension) was added and the grey suspension was stirred vigorously. A balloon of hydrogen was attached to the flask via a three-way stopcock and hydrogen was allowed to slowly flow through the system for 1 minute. The flask was sealed under 1 atmosphere of hydrogen and vigorous stirring continued for 1 hour. The balloon was removed and the flask was flushed with argon. The suspension was gravity-filtered over fluted paper and washed with methanol. The filtrate was concentrated to a crude foam/glass and silica chromatography (70 - 90% ethyl acetate in n-hexanes with 1 - 3% methanol, followed by 1 - 6% methanol in dichloromethane) gave the title compound (0.35g). MS (ESI) m/z 395.1 [M+H]+ D:N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
To a stirred solution of 3-((4-(4-aminobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butyl- benzamide (30mg, 0.122mmol) in dichloromethane (2ml_) at -780C was added dropwise a solution of 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (25mg, 0.122) in dichloromethane (1 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at -780C for 30 minutes and slowly allowed to warm to room temperature within 2 hours. Cyclopropylmethylamine (100mg, 1.41mmol) was added and stirring at room temperature was continued for 18 hours. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum and the resulting residue was purified by acidic reverse phase HPLC to give the title compound (30mg). MS (ESI) m/z 492.1 [M+H]+ The following compounds were prepared in a similar manner: 1 B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)benzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000017_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 508.1 [M+H]+ 1C: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)benzovDpiperazin-1 -vDmethvDbenzamide hydrochloride
Figure imgf000018_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 492.1 [M+H]+
1D: N-(4-(4-(3-(tert-Butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl)piperidine-1- carboxamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000018_0002
MS (ESI) m/z 506.1 [M+H]+
Example 2.
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-isoxazol-3-ylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000018_0003
3-((4-(4-Aminobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide (0.152mmol, 60mg) was dissolved in dichloromethane (12ml_) and a solution of 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (0.152mmol, 30.7mg) in dichloromethane (2OmL) was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature, lsoxazol-3-amine (1.521 mmol, 128mg) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum and the residue dissolved in dichloromethane. This solution was loaded onto a strong cation exchange column and washed with dichloromethane (2OmL) then methanol (2OmL). The column was then eluted with 2M ammonia in methanol (2OmL) and the eluent was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by acidic reverse phase HPLC and lyophilised to give the title compound (46mg). MS (ESI) m/z 505.8 [M+H]+ The following compounds were prepared in a similar manner:
2B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(2,2-difluoroethyl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)- benzamide
MS (ESI) m/z 502.3 [M+H]+
2C: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-isopropyl-3-methylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)- benzamide
MS (ESI) m/z 494.2 [M+H]+
2D: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(tetrahvdro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
MS (ESI) m/z 522.8 [M+H]+
2E: N-(4-(4-(3-(tert-Butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl)-4-hvdroxy- piperidine-1 -carboxamide
Figure imgf000019_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 522.2 [M+H]+
Example 3:
Cyclopropylmethyl 4-(4-(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine-1- carbonyl)phenylcarbamate 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000019_0002
To a stirred solution of 3-((4-(4-aminobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenz- amide (14mg, 0.036mmol) in dichloromethane (1 mL) at -78°C was added dropwise a solution of 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (7.3mg, 0.036mmol) in dichloromethane (1mL). The mixture was left to stir at -78°C for 30 minutes, then allowed to gradually warm up to room temperature within 2 hours. An excess of cyclopropyl methanol (-20 equivalents) was added, followed by N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (5mg), and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction was concentrating under vacuum and purified by acidic reverse phase HPLC to give the title compound (8.8mg) as a colorless oil. MS (ESI) m/z 493.1 [M+H]+
The following compound was prepared by a similar manner:
3B: Neopentyl 4-(4-(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl- carbamate 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
MS (ESI) m/z 509.1 [M+H]+
Example 4:
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(2-cvclobutylacetamido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000020_0001
A mixture of 3-((4-(4-aminobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide (20mg, O.Oδmmol), cyclobutyl acetic acid (6mg, O.Oδmmol) and O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)- N,N,N,N-tetramethyl uronium hexafluorophosphate (19mg, O.Oδmmol, HATU) in N, N- dimethylformamide (0.5ml_) was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The crude mixture was then subjected to acidic reverse phase HPLC purification to afford the title compound (10.4mg) as a white semi-solid. MS (ESI) m/z 491 [M+H]+
The following compound were prepared in a similar manner:
4B: N-(4-(4-(3-(tert-Butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl)isonicotinamide
Figure imgf000020_0002
MS (ESI) m/z 498.4 [M-H]" Example 5:
3-((4-(4-Benzamidobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000021_0001
3-((4-(4-Aminobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide (0.203mmol, 0.08Og) and triethylamine (1.015mmol, 0.103g) were dissolved in dichloromethane (12ml_) and the stirred mixture was cooled to O0C. Benzoyl chloride (0.305mmol, 0.043g) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to reach room temperature and stir overnight. Water was added to the reaction and the organic layer was then separated, dried (sodium sulfate) and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography (dichloromethane/methanol (5% to 10%)) and coevaporated with dichloromethane (x3) and diethyl ether (x3) to give the title compound (93mg). MS (ESI) m/z 499.8 [M+H]+
The following compounds were prepared in a similar manner:
5B: N-(4-(4-(3-(tert-Butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl)isoxazole-5- carboxamide
Figure imgf000021_0002
MS (ESI) m/z 490.8 [M+H]+
Example 6:
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(cvclohexanecarboxamido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)- benzamide
Figure imgf000021_0003
To a stirred solution of 3-((4-(4-amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert- butylbenzamide (0.121 mmol, 50mg) and triethylamine (0.485mmol, 0.068ml_, 49.1 mg) in dichloromethane (1.5ml_) was added cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride (0.133mmol, 19.55 mg). After 16 hours stirring, the reaction was concentrated under vacuum and purified by acidic reverse phase HPLC to yield the title compound (28mg). MS (ESI) m/z 523.5 [M+H]+
The following compound was prepared in a similar manner: 6B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(2-cvclopentylacetamido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
MS (ESI) m/z 523.5 [M+H]+
Example 7
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000022_0001
A: N-tert-Butyl-3-(chloromethvDbenzamide
3-(Chloromethyl)benzoyl chloride (2Og, 105.80mmol) was added to cooled (-
3O0C), stirred dichloromethane (6OmL). After 10 minutes stirring, a solution of tert- butylamine (11.1mL, 105.80mmol) and N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (36.9mL,
211.60mmol) in dichloromethane (3OmL) was added dropwise. After complete addition, the reaction was allowed to warm to -150C and stir for 90 minutes then was allowed to warm to room temperature. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed consecutively with 2M aqueous hydrochloric acid, water (x2) and brine. The organic phase was concentrated under vacuum to give the title compound (19.61g) as a white solid.
MS (ESI) m/z 226.4 [M+H]+
B: N-tert-Butyl-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethvDbenzamide
N-tert-Butyl-3-(chloromethyl)benzamide (14.71g, 65.2mmol), tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate (12.14g, 65.2mmol), sodium iodide (1.95g, 13.0mmol), triethylamine (27.3mL, 195.5mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (125mL) were stirred together at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction was then concentrated under vacuum and the residue dissolved in ethyl acetate. The organic mixture was washed consecutively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, water (x2) and brine then concentrated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (10OmL), treated with trifluoroacetic acid (25.OmL, 326.0mmol) and stirred at 6O0C for 2.5 hours. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum and purified by strong cation exchange (SCX) chromatography, eluting macroporous polystyrene sulfonic acid with 2M ammonia in methanol. The resulting solution was concentrated under vacuum to give the title compound (12.8g) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z 276.3 [M+H]+
C: 3-((4-(4-Amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide
4-Amino-3-fluorobenzoic acid (500mg, 3.22mmol), N-tert-butyl-3-(piperazin-1- ylmethyl)benzamide (888mg, 3.22mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (926mg, 4.83mmol, EDCI) and triethylamine (984mg, 898μl, 6.44mmol) were combined and stirred in acetonitrile (1OmL) at room temperature overnight (under nitrogen). The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up in dichloromethane (3OmL) and washed with water. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica chromatography (eluting with a solvent gradient from dichloromethane to 4% methanol / dichloromethane) to give the title compound (355mg). MS (ESI) m/z 413.5 [M+H]+
D: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
3-((4-(4-Amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide (175mg, 0.424mmol) and 4-nitrophenylchloroformate (85mg, 0424mmol) were stirred in dichloromethane (2mL) for 30 minutes. Neopentylamine (110mg, 1.272mmol) was added and the reaction stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting residue was purified by acidic reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound (26mg). MS (ESI) m/z 526.5 [M+H]+
The following compounds were prepared in a similar manner:
7B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-cvclobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide; MS (ESI) m/z 510.9 [M+H]+ 7C: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000024_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 510.9 [M+H]+
7D: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-isobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)- benzamide
Figure imgf000024_0002
MS (ESI) m/z 512.8 [M+H]+ 7E: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-isopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benz- amide
Figure imgf000024_0003
MS (ESI) m/z 526.8 [M+H]+
7F: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cvclobutylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
MS (ESI) m/z 524.5 [M+H]+ 7G: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-butylureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000025_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 512.7 [M+H]+
7H: (S)-N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-(1 ,1 ,1-trifluoropropan-2- yl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000025_0002
MS (ESI) m/z 552.3 [M+H]+
7I: N-(4-(4-(3-(tert-Butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine-1-carbonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2- isopropylmorpholine-4-carboxamide
Figure imgf000025_0003
MS (ESI) m/z 568.5 [M+H]+
7J: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000025_0004
MS (ESI) m/z 547.5 [M+H]+
7K: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(3-ethoxypropyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
MS (ESI) m/z 542.5 [M+H]+ 7L: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000026_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 536.3 [M+H]+
7M: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-phenethylureido)benzovDpiperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000026_0002
MS (ESI) m/z 560.5 [M+H]+
7N: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000026_0003
MS (ESI) m/z 561.3 [M+H]+
70: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-(thiophen-2-ylmethvDureido)benzovDpiperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000026_0004
MS (ESI) m/z 552.7 [M+H]+
7P: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro^-(3-(3-methylbut-2-envDureido)benzovDpiperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000027_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 524.7 [M+H]+
7Q: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-((1 ,3,5-trimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-4- yl)methyl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000027_0002
MS (ESI) m/z 578.3 [M+H]+
7R: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethyDbenzamide
Figure imgf000027_0003
MS (ESI) m/z 553.3 [M+H]+
7S: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro^-(3-((1-hvdroxycvclopropyl)methyl)ureido)- benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000027_0004
MS (ESI) m/z 526.3 [M+H]+
7T: (R)-N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-(1-hvdroxy-3-phenylpropan-2- yl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000027_0005
MS (ESI) m/z 590.7 [M+H]+ 71): N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-(3-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1 - vDpropyl)ureido)benzovDpiperazin-1-vDmethyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000028_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 581.3 [M+H]+
7V: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro^-(3-(3-isopropoxypropyl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000028_0002
MS (ESI) m/z 556.3 [M+H]+
7W: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-(2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl)ureido)benzoyl)- piperazin-1 -vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000028_0003
MS (ESI) m/z 567.7 [M+H]+
7X: 3-((4-(4-(3-(2-acetamidoethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert- butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000028_0004
MS (ESI) m/z 541.5 [M+H]+
7Y: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(1-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-yl)ureido)-3- fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1 -vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000029_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 555.5 [M+H]+
JZ: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000029_0002
MS (ESI) m/z 582.3 [M+H]+
7AA: 3-((4-(4-(3-(2-(benzordiri ,3ldioxol-5-yl)ethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethyD-N-tert-butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000029_0003
MS (ESI) m/z 604.7 [M+H]+
7AB: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-((1-hvdroxycvclohexyl)methyl)ureido)- benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000029_0004
MS (ESI) m/z 568.5 [M+H]+
7AC: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-((1S,2S)-2-hvdroxycvclopentyl)ureido)benzoyl)- piperazin-1 -vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000029_0005
MS (ESI) m/z 540.7 [M+H]+ 7AD: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-(2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl)ureido)benzoyl)- piperazin-1 -vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000030_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 568.5 [M+H]+
7AE: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-(3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hvdroxypropyl)ureido)benzoyl)- piperazin-1 -vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000030_0002
MS (ESI) m/z 568.5 [M+H]+
7AF: (R)-N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-((tetrahvdrofuran-2- vDmethvDureido)benzovDpiperazin-1 -vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000030_0003
MS (ESI) m/z 540.5 [M+H]+
7AG: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-(thiazol-2-ylmethvDureido)benzovDpiperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000030_0004
MS (ESI) m/z 553.3 [M+H]+
7AH: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-((1-cvanocvclopropyDmethvDureido)-3- fluorobenzovDpiperazin-1 -vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000031_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 535.3 [M+H]+
The i-faminomethvDcyclopropanecarbonitrile, needed in the synthesis was prepared as follows: Step 1 : To a mixture of ethyl 1-cyanocyclopropanecarboxylate (35.9mmol, 5g), dimethoxyethane (10OmL) and methanol (1OmL) was added sodium borohydride (287mmol, 10.87g) slowly and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The solution was diluted with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate slowly and then extracted with 10% methanol / dichloromethane (x3). The organic layers were combined, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum to give the intermediate 1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropanecarbonitrile (2.36g). 1 H NMR (CDCI3, 400 MHz): δ 0.99 (2H, m), 1.28 (2H, m), 2.5 (1 H, br s), 3.62 (2H, s) Step 2: A stirred mixture of 1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropanecarbonitrile (24.30mmol, 2.36g) in dichloromethane (3OmL) was treated with triethylamine (48.6mmol, 6.83mL, 4.92g) and portionwise with methanesulfonyl chloride (31.6mmol, 2.445mL, 3.62g) keeping the reaction mixture at O0C. The solution was allowed to stir for 1 hour then diluted with saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate and extracted with 10% methanol/dichloromethane (x3). The organic layers were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the intermediate (i-cyanocyclopropyl)methyl methanesulfonate (3.77g).
1H NMR (CDCI3, 400 MHz): δ 1.18 (2H, m), 1.46 (2H, m), 3.14 (3H, s), 4.18 (2H, s) Step 3: A stirred mixture of (i-cyanocyclopropyl)methyl methanesulfonate (21.52mmol, 3.77g) and sodium azide (43.0mmol, 2.8Og) in N,N-diemethyl formamide (4OmL) was heated to 1200C for -18 hours. The mixture was allowed to cool and was diluted with water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. This oil was taken up in ether and washed with water, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the intermediate 1-(azidomethyl)cyclopropanecarbonitrile (1.8g) as an oil. 1H NMR (CDCI3, 400 MHz): δ 1.02 (2H, m), 1.36 (2H, m), 3.38 (2H, s) Step 4: To a solution of 1-(azidomethyl)cyclopropanecarbonitrile (14.74mmol, 1.8g) in methanol (2OmL) was added 10% palladium on carbon (14.74mmol, 200mg) containing water (200μl_). The mixture was stirred under hydrogen at 3 bar overnight at room temperature. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (1.3g).
1H NMR (CDCI3, 400 MHz): δ 0.87 (2H, m), 1.23 (2H, m), 2.76 (2H, s)
7Al: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(2-cvclopropylethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000032_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 524.7 [M+H]+
7AJ: 3-((4-(4-(3-(2-Amino-2-methylpropyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)- N-tert-butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000032_0002
MS (ESI) m/z 527.5 [M+H]+
7AK: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(3,3-difluorocvclobutyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000032_0003
MS (ESI) m/z 546.5 [M+H]+
7AL: N-tert-Butyl-3-(4-{4-[3-(1 ,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-1 6-thiophen-3-yl)-ureidol-3-fluoro- benzoyl}-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-benzamide
Figure imgf000032_0004
MS (ESI) m/z 574.4 [M+H]+ Example 8
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro^H3-(2-fluorophenyl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000033_0001
3-((4-(4-Amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide (100mg, 0.242mmol) and 2-fluorophenylisocyanate (37mg, 0.267mmol) were combined and heated in dichloromethane at 1000C in the microwave for 10 minutes. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue purified by acidic reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound (12mg). MS (ESI) m/z 550.5 [M+H]+
The following compounds were prepared in a similar manner:
8B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-pyridin-3-ylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000033_0002
MS (ESI) m/z 533.3 [M+H]+
8C: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-(5-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan-3- yl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000033_0003
MS (ESI) m/z 604.5 [M+H]+
Example 9
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3-yl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000034_0001
3-((4-(4-Amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide (100mg, 0.242mmol), dichloromethane and 4-nitrophenylchloroformate (49mg, 0.242mmol) were combined and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. 5-tert-Butylisoxazol-3-amine (101 mg, 0.726mmol) and triethylamine (73mg, 0.726mmol) were added and the reaction heated for 10 minutes in the microwave at 12O0C. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue purified by acidic reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound (40mg). MS (ESI) m/z 579.5 [M+H]+
The following compound was prepared in a similar manner:
9B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-(4-methylthiazol-2-yl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000034_0002
MS (ESI) m/z 553.2 [M+H]+
Example 10
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro^-(3-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin- 1 -vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000034_0003
5-(Trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine (0.485mmol, 0.079g) and N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan- 2-amine (0.727mmol, 0.12OmL, 0.094g) were added to a stirred solution of bis(trichloro- methyl) carbonate (0.160mmol, 0.047g) in dichloromethane (1OmL). The reaction was stirred for 3 hours at room tempertaure. 3-((4-(4-Amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)- methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide (0.242mmol, 0.1g) was added and the reaction stirred for 30 minutes. The reaction was heated in the microwave at 12O0C for 10 minutes. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum and purified by acidic reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound (50mg). MS (ESI) m/z 601.3 [M+H]+
The following compounds were prepared in a similar manner: 10B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(5-tert-butyl-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ureido)-3- fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000035_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 596.5 [M+H]+
10C: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-thiazol-2-ylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 - vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000035_0002
MS (ESI) m/z 539.5 [M+H]+
Example 11
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3,5-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000035_0003
A: 3-((4-(4-Amino-3,5-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000035_0004
To a stirred solution of 4-amino-3,5-difluorobenzoic acid (1g, 5.78mmoles), N-tert-butyl- 3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide (1.59g, 5.78mmoles) and triethylamine (4mL) in dichloromethane (3OmL) was added 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (8ml_, 50% solution in ethyl acetate). After 2 hours stirring, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with sodium carbonate (aqueous) (3x), dried (magnesium sulfate) and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (2.24g) as an off-white foam. MS (ESI) m/z 431.9 [M+H]+
B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3,5-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide To a stirred solution of bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (0.353mmol, 105mg) in dichloromethane (1 OmL) was added a solution of 3-((4-(4-amino-3,5- difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide (0.929mmol, 400mg) and N-ethyl-N-iosopropylpropan-2-amine (0.3mL) in dichloromethane (1OmL) (dropwise). After 2 hours stirring, a solution of cyclopropylmethylamine (1.022mmol, 0.089mL, 72.7mg) and N-ethyl-N-iosopropylpropan-2 -amine (0.222mL) in dichloromethane (1OmL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 24 hours. Chromatography on silica (eluting with dichloromethane then dichloromethane/methanol (1% to 5%)) gave the title compound (220mg). MS(ESI) m/z 528.3 [M+H]+
Example 12
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-4-(3-cvclobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000036_0001
A: 3-((4-(4-Amino-3-chlorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000036_0002
4-Amino-3-chlorobenzoic acid (1.04g, 6.06mmol), N-tert-butyl-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)- benzamide (888mg, 3.22mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (1.742g, 9.09mmol) and triethylamine (1.23g, 1.69mL, 12.12mmol) were combined and stirred in acetonitrile (2OmL) at room temperature overnight (under nitrogen). The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with dichloromethane (3OmL) and water. The organic layer was separated, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The resulting residue was purified by silica chromatography (eluting with a solvent gradient from dichloromethane to 4% methanol / dichloromethane) to afford the title compound (1.3g). MS (ESI) m/z 429.7 [M+H]+
B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-4-(3-cvclobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide 3-((4-(4-Amino-3-chlorobenzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide
(200mg, 0.466mmol) and 4-nitrophenylchloroformate (94mg, 0.466mmol) were heated to reflux in dichloromethane (1OmL) for 2 hours. Cyclobutylamine (99mg, 1.398mmol) was added and the reaction stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The resulting residue was purified by acidic reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound (20mg). MS (ESI) m/z 527.3 [M+H]+
The following compounds were prepared in a similar way:
12B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
MS (ESI) m/z 526.5 [M+H]+
12C: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
MS (ESI) m/z 542.8 [M+H]+ 12D: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-4-(3-isobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
MS (ESI) m/z 528.5 [M+H]+
12E: 1-(3-(tert-Butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)-4-(3-chloro-4-(3-
(cvclobutylmethyl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazine-1 -oxide MS (ESI) m/z 540.5 [M+H]+
12F: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-butylureido)-3-chlorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
MS (ESI) m/z 528.2 [M+H]+ 12G: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-4-(3-isopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
MS (ESI) m/z 542.5 [M+H]+
Example 13
N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(2-methyl-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000038_0001
A: 3-((4-(4-Amino-2-methylbenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000038_0002
4-Amino-2-methylbenzoic acid (1g, 6.62mmol) and triethylamine (4ml_) were stirred in dichloromethane. 1-Propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (8mL, 50% solution in ethyl acetate) was added dropwise and the reaction stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue taken up in ethyl acetate. The organic solution was washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (902mg). MS (ESI) m/z 409.7 [M+H]+ B: N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(2-methyl-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide 3-((4-(4-Amino-2-methylbenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide
(100mg, 0.24mmol) and 4-nitrophenylchloroformate ( 49mg, 0.24mmol) were stirred in dichloromethane (2ml_) for 30 minutes. Neopentylamine (64mg, 0.73mmol) was added and the reaction stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting residue was purified by acidic reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound (31 mg). MS (ESI) m/z 522.7 [M+H]+ Example 14
N-tert-Butyl-S-ff^^O-fcvclopropylmethvDureido^-fluorobenzovDpiperazin-i- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000039_0001
A: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(2-fluoro-4-nitrobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000039_0002
2-Fluoro-4-nitrobenzoic acid (5g, 27.01 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (15OmL) and triethylamine (7.53ml_, 54.02mmol). N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (7.8g, 40.52mmol) was added, followed by N-tert-butyl-3-(piperazin-1- ylmethyl)benzamide (7.44g, 27.01 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, filtered through dicalite, washed consecutively with water (x2) and brine and concentrated under vacuum. The product was purified by strong cation exchange chromatography, eluting macroporous polystyrene sulfonic acid with 2M ammonia in methanol. The resulting solution was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound as a pale yellow oil (2.6g). MS (ESI) m/z 443.7 [M+H]+ B: 3-((4-(4-Amino-2-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000039_0003
To a suspension of iron (0) powder (3.3g, 58.76mmol) and N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(2-fluoro-4- nitrobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide (2.6g, 5.88mmol) in propan-2-ol (75ml_) was added 1 M aqueous hydrochloric acid (8.8ml_, 8.1 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 hours, filtered through dicalite and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in methanol and purified by strong cation exchange chromatography, eluting macroporous polystyrene sulfonic acid with 2M ammonia in methanol. The resulting solution was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound as a viscous orange oil (2.2g).
MS (ESI) m/z 413.5 [M+H]+
C: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-2-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
4-Nitrophenyl chloroformate (59mg, 0.29mmol) was added to a solution of 3-((4-
(4-amino-2-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide (100mg,
0.24mmol) in acetonitrile (1OmL). After stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, cyclopropylmethylamine (126μl_, 1.21 mmol) was added. After 2 hours stirring, the reaction was purified by strong cation exchange chromatography, eluting macroporous polystyrene sulfonic acid with 2N ammonia in methanol. The resulting solution was concentrated under vacuum and purified by basic reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound as a white solid (10mg).
MS (ESI) m/z 510.9 [M+H]+
Example 15
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(2-chloro-4-(3-isobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000040_0001
A: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(2-chloro-4-nitrobenzovDpiperazin-1 -vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000040_0002
1-Propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (3.16g, 92mmol, 2.95mL) was added dropwise to a solution of 2-chloro-4-nitrobenzoic acid (1g, 4.9mmol), N-tert-butyl-3- (piperazin-i-ylmethyl)benzamide (1.4169g, 5.1 mmol) and triethylamine (1.4979g, 14.7mmol, 2mL) in dichloromethane. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was taken up in ethyl acetate, washed with water, sodium hydrogen carbonate and brine. The organic phase was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (2.06g). MS (ESI) m/z 459.7 [M+H]+ B: 3-((4-(4-Amino-2-chlorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000041_0001
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(2-chloro-4-nitrobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide (1.9483g, 4.2mmol) was added to a suspension of reduced iron powder (2.3623g, 42mmol) and 1 M hydrochloric acid (6ml_) in isopropanol. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and the remaining residue was taken up in dichloromethane and washed with water. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (1.57g). MS (ESI) m/z 429.5 [M+H]+ C: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(2-chloro-4-(3-isobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)- benzamide
3-((4-(4-Amino-2-chlorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide (250mg, 0.625mmol) and 4-nitrophenol chloroformate (126mg, 0.625mmol) were combined and stirred in dichloromethane for 1 hour, lsobutylamine (87.8mg, 1.2 mol, 0.12ml_) was added and the reaction was stirred for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and flushed through a hydrophobic frit. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by silica chromatography (eluting with a solvent gradient from dichloromethane to 4% methanol- /dichloromethane) to afford the title compound (178.1mg). MS (ESI) m/z 528.3 [M+H]+
Example 16
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)-2,5-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000041_0002
A: 4-Amino-2,5-difluorobenzoic acid
2,5-Difluoro-4-nitrobenzoic acid (1g, 4.9mmol) was dissolved in ethanol. 10% Palladium on carbon (500mg) was added and reaction stirred under a hydrogen balloon overnight. The catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (0.79g).
MS (ESI) m/z 172.3 [M-H]"
B: 19: 3-((4-(4-Amino-2,5-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000042_0001
1-Propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (2.91g, 9.2mmol, 2.73ml_) was added dropwise to a solution of 4-amino-2,5-difluorobenzoic acid (792.9mg, 4.6mmol), N-tert- butyl-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide (1.3878g, 5mmol) and triethylamine (1.39g, 13.9mmol, 1.91 mL) in dichloromethane. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was taken up with ethyl acetate, washed with water, sodium hydrogen carbonate and brine. The organic phase was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (1.52g). MS (ESI) m/z 431.9 [M+H]+ C: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)-2,5-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)- benzamide
3-((4-(4-Amino-2,5-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide (1g, 0.023mol) and 4-nitrophenol chloroformate (0.4636g, 0.0023mol) were combined and stirred in dichloromethane for 1 hour at room temperature. Cylclobutylamine (0.8969g, 0.0017mol, 0.108ml_) was added and the reaction was stirred for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and flushed through a hydrophobic frit. The organic phase was concentrated under vacuum and purified by acidic reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound (21 mg). MS (ESI) m/z 528.3 [M+H]+
Example 17
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(5-chloro-4-(3-isobutylureido)-2-methoxybenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000042_0002
A: 3-((4-(4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert- butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000043_0001
1-Propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (6.31g, 9.92mmol, 5.91ml_) was added dropwise to a solution of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (1g, 5mmol), N-tert- butyl-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide (1.515Og, 5.5mol) and triethylamine (1.506g, 14.88mmol, 2.068mL) in dichloromethane. The reaction was stirred at rooom temperature for 1 hour. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was taken up with ethyl acetate, washed with water, sodium hydrogen carbonate and brine. The organic phase was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (1.71g). MS (ESI) m/z 459.7 [M+H]+
B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(5-chloro-4-(3-isobutylureido)-2-methoxybenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
3-((4-(4-Amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert- butylbenzamide (1.712g, 0.0037 mol) and 4-nitrophenol chloroformate (0.7518g, 0.0037 mol) were combined and stirred at room temperature in dichloromethane for 1 hour, lsobutylamine (0.1536g 0.208 mol) was added and the reaction was stirred for a further 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and flushed through a hydrophobic frit. The organic phase was concentrated under vacuum and purified by acidic reverse phase HPLC affording the title compound (37mg). MS (ESI) m/z 558.3 [M+H]+
Example 18
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-isobutylureido)-2-methoxybenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000043_0002
A: 3-((4-(4-Amino-2-methoxybenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000044_0001
1-Propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (12.91g, 20.2mmol, 12.91 mL) was added dropwise to a solution of 4-amino-2-methoxybenzoic acid (1.7Og, 10.1 mmol), N-tert- butyl-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide (3.07g, 11.2mmol) and triethylamine (3.08g, 30.3mmol, 4.23mL) in dichloromethane. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was taken up with ethyl acetate, washed with water, sodium hydrogen carbonate and brine. The organic phase was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (1.39g). MS (ESI) m/z 425.4 [M+H]+
B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-isobutylureido)-2-methoxybenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
3-((4-(4-Amino-2-methoxybenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide (200mg, 0.48mmol) and 4-nitrophenol chloroformate (475mg, 0.48mmol) were combined and stirred in dichloromethane for 1 hour, lsobutylamine (102.4mg, 1.4mmol, 0.14ml_) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and flushed through a hydrophobic fret. The organic phase was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by acidic reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound (67mg). MS (ESI) m/z 524.5 [M+H]+
Example 19
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-isobutylureido)-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000044_0002
A^ 3-((4-(4-Amino-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert- butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000045_0001
1-Propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride ( 5.76g, 92mmol, 5.38mL) was added drop- wise to a solution of 4-amino-3-(trifluromethoxy)benzoic acid (1g, 4.6mmol), N-tert-butyl- 3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide (1.3952g, 5.1 mmol) and triethylamine (1.37g, 13.8 mmol, 1.886mL) in dichloromethane. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was taken up with ethyl acetate, washed with water, sodium hydrogen carbonate and brine. The organic phase was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (1.36g). MS (ESI) m/z 479.3 [M+H]+
B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-isobutylureido)-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
3-((4-(4-Amino-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butyl- benzamide (250mg, 0.525mmol) and 4-nitrophenol chloroformate (106mg, 0.525mmol) were combined and stirred in dichloromethane for 1 hour, lsobutylamine (0.115g, 1.6 mmol, 0.156ml_) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and flushed through a hydrophobic frit. The organic phase was concentrated under vacuum and purified by basic reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound (20mg). MS (ESI) m/z 578.5 [M+H]+
Example 20
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(5-chloro-4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-2-ethoxybenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000045_0002
A: 3-((4-(4-Amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert- butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000046_0001
1-Propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (5.9Og, 9.2mmol, 5.52mL) was added dropwise to a solution of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy benzoic acid (1g, 4.6mmol), N-tert- butyl-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide (1.4Og, 5.1 mmol) and triethylamine (1.401g, 13.8mmol, 1.93mL) in dichloromethane. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was taken up in ethyl acetate, washed with water, sodium hydrogen carbonate and brine. The organic phase was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (2.08g). MS (ESI) m/z 474.1 [M+H]+
B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(5-chloro-4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-2-ethoxybenzoyl)- piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)benzamide 3-((4-(4-Amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert- butylbenzamide (250mg, 0.525mmol) and 4-nitrophenol chloroformate (425.7mg, 0.525mmol) were combined and stirred in dichloromethane for 1 hour. Cyclopropylmethylamine (0.114g, 1.6mmol, 0.139ml_) was added and the reaction was stirred for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and flushed through a hydrophobic frit. The organic phase was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by basic reverse phase HPLC to give the title compound (9.1 mg). MS (ESI) m/z 570.5 [M+H]+
Example 21 N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-methyl-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000046_0002
A: 3-((4-(4-Amino-3-methylbenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000047_0001
To a stirred solution of 4-amino-3-methylbenzoic acid (3.31 mmol, 0.5Og), N-tert-butyl-3- (piperazin-i-ylmethyl)benzamide (3.45mmol, 0.95g) and triethylamine (14.35mmol, 2.00 ml_, 1.452g) in dichloromethane (1 OmL) was added 1 -propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (6.75mmol, 4ml_, 4.3Og, 50% in ethyl acetate) dropwise. The mixture was allowed to stir for 1 hour. After this time ethyl acetate was added and the organic mixture was washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate (x2), water (x2) and finally brine. The organic layer was dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum to yield the title compound (0.6Og). MS (ESI) m/z 409.3 [M+H]+
B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-methyl-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
To a stirred solution of 3-((4-(4-amino-3-methylbenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N- tert-butylbenzamide (0.153mmol, 62.5mg) in dichloromethane (2ml_) was added 4- nitrophenylchloroformate (0.153mmol, 30.8mg). After 1 hour stirring, 2,2- dimethylpropan-1 -amine (0.306mmol, 26.7mg) was added and stirring continued for 1 hour. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum and the residue dissolved in methanol (1 mL). Purification by basic reverse phase HPLC gave the title compound (11.5mg).
MS (ESI) m/z 522.7 [M+H]+
Example 22
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-methoxy-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000047_0002
A: 3-((4-(4-Amino-3-methoxybenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000048_0001
To a stirred solution of 4-amino-3-methoxybenzoic acid (5.98mmol, 1g), N-tert-butyl-3- (piperazin-i-ylmethyl)benzamide (5.99mmol, 1.65g) and triethylamine (28.7mmol, 4mL, 2.9Og) in dichloromethane (2OmL) was added 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (13.50mmol, 8mL, 8.59g, 50% solution in ethyl acetate) dropwise. After 1 hour stirring, ethyl acetate was added and the organic mixture was washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate (x2), water (x2) and finally brine. The organic phase was dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum to yield the title compound (1.2g). MS (ESI) m/z 425.3 [M+H]+
B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-methoxy-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
To a stirred solution of 3-((4-(4-amino-3-methoxybenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)- N-tert-butylbenzamide (0.155mmol, 66mg) in dichloromethane (2ml_) was added 4- nitrophenylchloroformate (0.155mmol, 31.3mg). After 1 hour stirring, 2,2- dimethylpropan-1 -amine (0.311mmol, 27.1 mg) was added and stirring continued for 1 hour. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum and the residue dissolved in methanol (1 mL). Purification by basic reverse phase HPLC gave the title compound (35mg). MS (ESI) m/z 539.0 [M+H]+
Example 23
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-neopentylureido)-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000048_0002
A: 3-((4-(4-Amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert- butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000049_0001
Stepi : To a stirred solution of N-tert-butyl-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide (3.99mmol, 1.1g), 4-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (3.83mmol, 0.9g) and triethylamine (28.7mmol, 4mL, 2.9Og) in dichloromethane (2OmL) was added 1 - propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (8.94mmol, 5.3mL, 5.69g, 50% solution in ethyl acetate) dropwise. After 1 hour stirring, ethyl acetate was added and the organic mixture was washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate (x2), water (x2) and finally brine. The organic mixture was dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum to give the intermediate N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-nitro-2- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide.
Step 2: To a stirred mixture of N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)- piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide (2.234mmol, 1.1g) and iron powder (22.38mmol, 1.25g) in isopropanol (1OmL) was added 1 M hydrochloric acid (3.00mmol, 3mL). The reaction was allowed to stir for 12 hours and was then concentrated under vacuum. Dichloromethane was added and the organic mixture was washed with water, dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to yield the title compound (0.86g). MS (ESI) m/z 463.5 [M+H]+
B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-neopentylureido)-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide To a stirred solution of 3-((4-(4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide (0.123mmol, 57mg) in dichloromethane (2mL) was added 4-nitrophenylchloroformate (0.123mmol, 24.84mg). After 1 hour stirring, 2,2- dimethylpropan-1 -amine (0.123mmol, 10.74mg) was added and stirring was continued for 1 hour. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue dissolved in methanol (1 mL). Purification by basic reverse phase HPLC gave the title compound (27mg). MS (ESI) m/z 577.0 [M+H]+
Example 24 N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(2,3-difluoro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000050_0001
A: 3-((4-(4-Amino-2,3-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000050_0002
To 4-amino-2,3-difluorobenzoic acid (4.19mmol, 725mg) and N-tert-butyl-3-(piperazin-1- ylmethyl)benzamide (2.54mmol, 700mg) and triethylamine (10.76mmol, 1.5mL, 1089mg) in dichloromethane (3OmL) was added 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (6.75 mmol, 4ml_, 4296mg, 50% solution in ethyl acetate) dropwise. The mixture was allowed to stir for 2 hours and then ethyl acetate was added. The organic mixture was washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate, water, and saturated sodium chloride. The organic phase was dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (1.28g). MS (ESI) m/z 431.6 [M+H]+ B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(2,3-difluoro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
To a stirred solution of 3-((4-(4-amino-2,3-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)- N-tert-butylbenzamide (0.077mmol, 33mg) in dichloromethane (1mL) was added 4-nitro- phenylchloroformate (O.OδOmmol, 16.22mg). After 1 hour stirring, 2,2-dimethylpropan-1- amine (0.077mmol, 150μl, 6.68mg) was added and stirring continued for 1 hour. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue dissolved in methanol (1 mL). Purification by acidic reverse phase HPLC and strong cation exchange column chromatography gave the title compound (7mg). MS (ESI) m/z 544.3 [M+H]+
The following compounds below were prepared in a similar manner: 24B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(2,3-difluoro-4-(3-isopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide MS (ESI) m/z 544.3 [M+H]+
24C: N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-Butylureido)-2,3-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
MS (ESI) m/z 530.3 [M+H]+ 24D: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(2,3-difluoro-4-(3-isobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
MS (ESI) m/z 530.3 [M+H]+
24E: N-tert-Butyl-S-ff^f^O-fcvclopropylmethvDureido^.S-difluorobenzovDpiperazin-i- vDmethyDbenzamide
MS (ESI) m/z 528.3 [M+H]+
Example 25
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)-2,3-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide hydrochloride
Figure imgf000051_0001
To a stirred solution of bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (0.26mmol, 76mg) in dichloro- methane (3ml_) was added a mixture of 3-((4-(4-amino-2,3-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide (O.θmmol, 257mg) and N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2- amine (0.11 mL) in dichloromethane (2ml_) dropwise over 2 minutes. After 30 minutes stirring, a mixture of cyclobutylamine (1.192mmol, 0.113mL, 85mg) and N-ethyl-N-iso- propylpropan-2-amine (0.22mL) was added. After 2 hours stirring, the reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and water. The organic layer separated, dried with sodium sulfate and purified by basic reverse phase HPLC. The water/acetonitrile fractions were concentrated under vacuum. The residue was taken up in dichloromethane (1mL) and 2M hydrochloric acid (2mL) in ether was added. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. Drying in a vacuum oven over night at 5O0C gave the title compound (170mg). MS (ESI) m/z 528.5 [M+H]+
Example 26
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(2-chloro-4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000051_0002
A: 4-Amino-2-chloro-3-fluorobenzoic acid
4-Amino-2-chloro-3-fluorobenzonitrile (500mg, 2.93mmol) and sodium hydroxide (4M, 18ml_) were mixed with ethanol (8ml_) and heated to reflux for 18 hours. After this time the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and 1 M hydrochloric acid was added until pH 1 was achieved. Ethyl acetate was added and the organic layer was separated and washed with water and brine. The organic phase was dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give the title compound (500mg). MS (ESI) m/z 188.1 [M-H]" B: 3-((4-(4-Amino-2-chloro-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000052_0001
To 4-amino-2-chloro-3-fluorobenzoic acid (2.64mmol, 500mg) and N-tert-butyl-3-(pipera- zin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide (2.54mmol, 700mg) and triethylamine (10.76mmol, 1.5ml_, 1089mg) in dichloromethane (3OmL) was added 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (6.75mmol, 4ml_, 4296mg, 50% solution in ethyl acetate). After 2 hours stirring, ethyl acetate was added. The organic mixture was washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate, water, and saturated sodium chloride. The organic mixture was dried sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by silica chromatography (eluting with 5% methanol in dichloromethane) to yield the title compound (325mg). MS (ESI) m/z 447.1 [M+H]+ C: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(2-chloro-4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin- 1 -vDmethvDbenzamide
To a stirred solution of bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (0.076mmol, 22.60mg) in dichloromethane (3ml_) was added triethylamine (4OmL) and 3-((4-(4-amino-2-chloro-3- fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide (0.206mmol, 92mg) in dichloromethane (3mL). The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 2 hours. After this time the reaction was allowed to cool to room temperature and cyclopropylmethylamine (35μl, 0.412mmol) and triethylamine (35μl) were added. After 30 minutes stirring, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the crude residue was purified by silica chromatography (eluting with 5% methanol in dichloromethane) to yield the title compound (80mg).
MS (ESI) m/z 544.3 [M+H]+ Example 27
N-tert-Butyl-S-ff^O-chloro^-O-fcvclopropylmethvDureido^-fluorobenzovDpiperazin-i- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000053_0001
A: S-ff^^Amino-S-chloro^-fluorobenzovDpiperazin-i-vDmethyD-N-tert-butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000053_0002
To 4-amino-3-chloro-2-fluorobenzoic acid (0.754mmol, 143mg), N-tert-butyl-3-(piperazin- 1-ylmethyl)benzamide (0.754mmol, 208mg) and triethylamine (3.02mmol, 0.421 ml_, 305mg) in dichloromethane (8ml_) was added 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (1.886mmol, 1.117mL, 1200mg, 50% solution in ethyl acetate). After 2 hours stirring, ethyl acetate was added. The organic solution was washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate, water, and saturated sodium chloride. The organic phase was dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica chromatography to yield the title compound (155mg). MS (ESI) m/z 447.3 [M+H]+
B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-2-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin- 1 -vDmethvDbenzamide
To a stirred solution of bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (0.128mmol, 38.1 mg) in dichloromethane (6ml_) was added a mixture of triethylamine (0.867mmol, 0.121 ml_, 88mg) and 3-((4-(4-amino-3-chloro-2-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert- butylbenzamide (0.347mmol, 155mg) in dichloromethane (6ml_). The mixture was heated to reflux for 2 hours before being cooled to room temperature. Cyclopropylmethylamine (0.694mmol, 0.06OmL, 49.3mg) was added and the mixture stirred for 2 hours. After this time the reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by silica chromatography to yield the title compound (17mg). MS (ESI) m/z 544.3 [M+H]+ The following compound was prepared in a similar manner:
27B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-4-(3-isobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000054_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 546.5 [M+H]+
Example 28
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(6-(3-phenylureido)nicotinoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide 2,2,2- trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000054_0002
A: Methyl 6-(3-phenylureido)nicotinate
Figure imgf000054_0003
To a solution of methyl 6-aminonicotinate (500mg, 3.29mmol) in N, N- diemthylformamide (5ml_) was added phenyl isocyanate (358μl_, 3.29mmol). The mixture was heated to 1000C for 2 hours and was then concentrated under vacuum to give the title compound (928mg). MS (ESI) m/z 272.1 [M+H]+ B: 6-(3-Phenylureido)nicotinic acid
Figure imgf000054_0004
Methyl 6-(3-phenylureido)nicotinate (200mg, 0.43mmol) was dissolved in methanol (2ml_) at room temperature. Lithium hydroxide (100mg, 4.17mmol) was added, followed by water (10.5ml_). The mixture was heated to 5O0C and stirred overnight. The mixture was brought to pH 4-5 by addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The solid that had formed was then filtered and dried under vacuum to give the title compound (69mg). MS (ESI) m/z 258.1 [M+H]+
C: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(6-(3-phenylureido)nicotinoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
To a mixture of N-tert-butyl-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide dihydrochloride (16mg, 46μmol) and N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (20.4μl, 117μmol) in N, N- diemthylformamide (3ml_) was added 6-(3-phenylureido)nicotinic acid (10mg, 39μmol), followed by O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N,N-tetramethyl uronium hexafluorophosphate (18mg, 47.3μmol, HATU). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum and was partitioned between dichloromethane (1OmL) and water (1OmL). The aqueous layer was extracted with of dichloromethane (x3). The combined organic layers were dried and concentrated under vacuum. The resulting residue was dissolved in methanol and purified by acidic reverse phase HPLC yielding the title compound (19.9mg). MS (ESI) m/z 515.1 [M+H]+
Example 29
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(5-(3-phenylureido)pyrazine-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000055_0001
A: Diethyl pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylate
A mixture of pyrazine-2, 5-dicarboxylic acid (4.0Og, 23.79mmol) and hydrochloric acid (1 M in ethanol) was sealed in a pressure vessel and heated to 800C for 48 hours. The cloudy mixture was filtered through a short pad of celite and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum to obtain the title compound (1.84g). MS (ESI) m/z 225.0 [M+H]+ B: Ethyl 5-(hydrazinecarbonyl)pyrazine-2-carboxylate A mixture of diethyl pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylate (1.75g, 7.81 mmol) and ethanol (15ml_) was heated to 750C to obtain a homogeneous solution. After cooling to room temperature, a solution of hydrazine monohydrate (0.281g, 7.03mmol) in ethanol (3.5ml_) was added to the solution dropwise over 4 hours. After stirring at room temperature overnight, a solid had precipitated out of the reaction mixture. The solid was collected by filtration and dried under vacuum to give the title compound (1.05g). MS (ESI) m/z 211.1 [M+H]+ C: Ethyl 5-(azidocarbonyl)pyrazine-2-carboxylate
A mixture of ethyl 5-(hydrazinecarbonyl)pyrazine-2-carboxylate (1.0Og, 4.76mmol), sodium nitrite (1.76g, 25.5mmol), water (18ml_) and dichloromethane (18ml_) was cooled to 0 to 5°C (ice-bath) under vigorous stirring. 6M hydrochloric acid (7.4ml_) was added drop-wise over 30 minutes, keeping the temperature under 1O0C. After stirring for a further 30 minutes, the organic layer was separated, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (1.01g). MS (ESI) m/z 222.2 [M+H]+
D: Ethyl 5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrazine-2-carboxylate
A mixture of ethyl 5-(azidocarbonyl)pyrazine-2-carboxylate (LOOg, 4.52mmol), tert-butanol (1.5ml_, 20.2mmol) and toluene (15ml_) was heated to reflux for 1 hour. After cooling to room temperature, the solid precipitate was collected to afford the title compound (0.75g). MS (ESI) m/z 268.3 [M+H]+
E: δ-ftert-ButoxycarbonvDpyrazine^-carboxylic acid
To a mixture of ethyl 5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrazine-2-carboxylate (0.742g, 2.78mmol) and methanol (2OmL) was added potassium hydroxide (0.23g, 4.1 mmol) in water (2ml_) and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue was dissolved in water (5ml_) and acidified to pH 2 with 1 M hydrochloric acid. The solid precipitate was collected by filtration to afford the title compound (0.61g). MS (ESI) m/z 240.2 [M+H]+ F: tert-Butyl 5-(4-(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine-1 -carbonyl)pyrazin-2- ylcarbamate
Figure imgf000056_0001
A mixture of 5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (68.5mg, 0.286mmol), O- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N,N-tetramethyl uronium hexafluorophosphate (114mg, 0.3mmol), N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (330mg, 2.58mmol) and N, N- dimethylformamide (1mL) was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. N-tert-butyl- 3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide dihydrochloride (100mg, 0.286mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was separated, washed with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (0.12g). MS (ESI) m/z 497.3 [M+H]+
G: 3-((4-(2-Aminopyrazine-5-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000057_0001
A mixture of tert-butyl 5-(1-(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine-4-carbonyl)pyrazin- 2-ylcarbamate (Example 3O1Ii 20mg, 0.242mmol), dichloromethane (2ml_) and trifluoro- acetic acid (2ml_) was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours and was then concentrated under vacuum. The residue was triturated with diethyl ether and then gravity filtered over fluted paper. The collected solid was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (89mg). MS (ESI) m/z 397.2 [M+H]+
H: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(5-(3-phenylureido)pyrazine-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
A mixture of 3-((4-(2-aminopyrazine-5-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert- butylbenzamide (15mg, 0.038mmol), phenyl isocyanate (0.01 ml_, 0.092mmol) and dioxane (0.5ml_) was stirred at 7O0C overnight. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by acidic reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound (3mg). MS (ESI) m/z 516.3 [M+H]+ Example 30
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)benzoyl)-1 ,4-diazepan-1-yl)methyl)benzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000058_0001
A: Ethyl 4-(3-cyclobutylureido)benzoate
Cyclobutylamine (27.91 g, 392.4mmol, 33.5ml_) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of ethyl 4-isocyanatobenzoate (25g, 130.8mmol) in dichloromethane. After 40 minutes stirring, the solid precipitate that had formed was filtered off and dried to afford the title compound (30.28g). MS (ESI) m/z 263.1 [M+H]+ B: 4-(3-Cyclobutylureido)benzoic acid
Ethyl 4-(3-cyclobutylureido)benzoate (49.9mmol, 13.1g) was suspended in ethanol (400ml) and treated with sodium hydroxide (300mmol, 74.9ml). The mixture was then stirred at reflux for 18 hours. The reaction was allowed to cool, diluted with toluene (10OmL) and concentrated under vacuum. Acidification to pH 3 with 5M aqueous hydrochloric acid produced a white solid. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with cold ethanol and dried under vacuum to give the title compound as a white powder (11.0 g).
1H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz): δ 1.73 (2 H, m), 1.92 (2 H, m), 2.32 (2 H, m), 4.22 (1 H, m), 7.45 (2 H, d), 7.90 (2 H, d). C: tert-Butyl 4-(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)-1 ,4-diazepane-1-carboxylate
Figure imgf000058_0002
To a solution of tert-butyl-1-homopiperazine carboxylate (0.25g, 1.25mmol) and N-tert- butyl-3-(chloromethyl)benzamide (0.47Og, 1.25mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (4ml_) was added N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (0.33ml_, 1.88mmol). The resultant mixture was stirred at 80°C for 16 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with dichloromethane (5OmL) and washed with saturated ammonium chloride (aqueous) and brine. The organic phase was dried (sodium sulfate), filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica (using a solvent gradient of dichloromethane / methanol) to afford the title compound (0.435g) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z 389.9 [M+H]+ D: 3-((1 ,4-Diazepan-1 -yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide hydrochloride
Figure imgf000059_0001
tert-Butyl 4-(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)-1 ,4-diazepane-1-carboxylate (0.53g, 1.36mmol) was treated with an ethanolic solution of hydrochloric acid (3ml_, 14.5 wt% hydrochloric acid in ethanol). The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum, azeotroped with dichloromethane (x2) and dried under vacuum to afford the title compound (0.394g) as a white foamy solid. MS (ESI) m/z 290.1 [M+H]+ E: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)benzoyl)-1 ,4-diazepan-1- yl)methyl)benzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
To a solution of 3-((1 ,4-diazepan-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide hydrochloride (0.04g, 0.138mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (1.5ml_) was added O-(7- azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N,N-tetramethyl uronium hexafluorophosphate (0.052g, 0.138mmol, HATU), 4-(3-cyclobutylureido)benzoic acid (0.032g, 0.138mmol) and N- ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (0.06OmL, 0.345mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was diluted with dichloromethane (1OmL) and washed with saturated ammonium chloride (aqueous) and brine. The organic phase was dried (sodium sulfate), filtered and concentrated under vacuum. HPLC purification provided the title compound (0.049g). MS (ESI) m/z 506.1 [M+H]+
Example 31
(S)-N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)benzoyl)-3-methylpiperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000059_0002
A: (S)-tert-Butyl 4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)benzoyl)-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate
Figure imgf000060_0001
To a solution of (S)-tert-butyl 3-methylpiperazine-i-carboxylate (0.1Og, 0.50mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (5ml_) was added O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N,N- tetramethyl uronium hexafluorophosphate (0.19Og, 0.50mmol, HATU), 4-(3-cyclobutyl- ureido)benzoic acid (0.117g, O.δOmmol) and N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (0.13 ml_, 0.75mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was diluted with dichloromethane (15ml_) and washed with saturated ammonium chloride (aqueous) and brine. The organic layer was dried (sodium sulfate), filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica (using a solvent gradient of dichloromethane / methanol) to afford the title compound (0.145g) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z 416.8 [M+H]+ B: (S)-1 -Cyclobutyl-3-(4-(2-methylpiperazine-1 -carbonyl)phenyl)urea hydrochloride
Figure imgf000060_0002
tert-Butyl 4-(4-(3-cyclobutylureido)benzoyl)-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (0.2Og, 0.48mmol) was treated with an ethanolic solution of hydrochloric acid (2ml_, 14.5 wt% hydrochloric acid in ethanol). The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum, azeotroped with dichloromethane (x2) and dried under vacuum to afford the title compound (0.152g) as a white foamy solid. MS (ESI) m/z 317.0 [M+H]+
C: (S)-N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)benzoyl)-3-methylpiperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
To (S)-1 -cyclobutyl-3-(4-(2-methylpiperazine-1 -carbonyl)phenyl)urea hydrochloride (0.02g, 0.063mmol) and N-tert-butyl-3-(chloromethyl)benzamide (0.014g, 0.063mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (1 mL) was added N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (0.028ml_, 0.158mmol). The resultant mixture was stirred at 80°C for 16 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with dichloromethane (5OmL) and washed with saturated ammonium chloride (aqueous) and brine. The organic phase was dried (sodium sulfate), filtered and concentrated under vacuum. HPLC purification provided the title compound (0.003g). MS (ESI) m/z 506.1 [M+H]+
Example 32 N-tert-Butyl-3-(((2S,6R)-4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)benzoyl)-2,6-dimethylpiperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000061_0001
A: (3S,5R)-tert-Butyl 3,5-dimethylpiperazine-i-carboxylate
To a stirring solution of 2,6-cis-dimethylpiperazine (1.Og, 8.76mmol) in dichloromethane (19ml_) cooled to 00C was added a solution of di-tert-butyl-dicarbonate (1.87g, 8.58mmol) in dichloromethane (5ml_). The reaction mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature and stirred for 20 hours. The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (15ml_) and washed with saturated potassium carbonate (aqueous) and brine. The organic phase was dried (sodium sulfate), filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give the title compound (1.29g) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z 215.4 [M+H]+
B: (3S,5R)-tert-Butyl 4-(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)-3,5-dimethylpiperazine-1- carboxvlate
Figure imgf000061_0002
To a solution of (3S,5R)-tert-butyl 3,5-dimethylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (0.05g, 0.23mmol) and N-tert-butyl-3-(chloromethyl)benzamide (0.052g, 0.23mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (2mL) was added N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (0.08OmL, 0.46mmol). The resultant mixture was stirred at 80°C for 16 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with dichloromethane (5OmL) and washed with saturated ammonium chloride (aqueous) and brine. The organic phase was dried (sodium sulfate), filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica (using a solvent gradient of dichloromethane / ethyl acetate) to afford the title compound (0.07Og) as a white solid. MS (ESI) m/z 404.4 [M+H]+
C: N-tert-Butyl-3-(((2S,6R)-2,6-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide hydrochloride
Figure imgf000062_0001
(3S,5R)-tert-Butyl 4-(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)-3,5-dimethylpiperazine-1- carboxylate (0.07g, 0.17mmol) was treated with an ethanolic solution of hydrochloric acid (2ml_, 14.5 wt% hydrochloric acid in ethanol). The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum, azeotroped with dichloromethane (x2) and dried under vacuum to afford the title compound (0.052g) as a white foamy solid. MS (ESI) m/z 304.4 [M+H]+ D: N-tert-Butyl-3-(((2S,6R)-4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)benzoyl)-2,6-dimethylpiperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
To a solution of N-tert-butyl-3-(((2S,6R)-2,6-dimethylpiperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide hydrochloride (0.025g, 0.083mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2ml_) was added O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N,N-tetramethyl uronium hexafluorophosphate (0.032g, 0.083mmol, HATU), 4-(3-cyclobutylureido)benzoic acid (0.019g, 0.083mmol) and N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (0.036mL, 0.21 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was diluted with dichloromethane (1OmL) and washed with saturated ammonium chloride (aqueous) and brine. The organic phase was dried (sodium sulfate), filtered and concentrated under vacuum. Acidic reverse phase HPLC purification provided the title compound (0.0039g). MS (ESI) m/z 520.2 [M+H]+
Example 33
(R)-N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)-2- methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000062_0002
A: (R)-tert-Butyl 4-(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)-3-methylpiperazine-1 -carboxylate
Figure imgf000063_0001
(R)-tert-Butyl 3-methylpiperazine-i-carboxylate was added to a solution containing N- tert-butyl-3-(chloromethyl)benzamide (3.38g, 14.9mmol), potassium carbonate (4.11g, 29.8mmol) and sodium iodide (catalytic amount) in acetonitrile. The reaction was stirred under reflux for 2 hours. The acetonitrile was removed under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was taken up in dichloromethane and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (5.82g). MS (ESI) m/z 390.5 [M+H]+ B: (R)-N-tert-Butyl-3-((2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000063_0002
(R)-tert-Butyl 4-(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (8.03g, 20.61 mmol) was stirred in a mixture of dichloromethane:trifluoroacetic acid (1 :1 ) for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum and purified by strong cation exchange column chromatography to afford the title compound (3.06g). MS (ESI) m/z 290.3 [M+H]+
C^ (R)-3-((4-(4-Amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert- butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000063_0003
1-Propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (1.967g, 3mmol, 1.84OmL, 50% solution in ethyl acetate) was added dropwise to a solution of (R)-N-tert-butyl-3-((2- methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide (500mg, 1.7mmol), 4-amino-3-fluorobenzoic acid (239.7mg, 1.5mmol) and triethylamine (469mg, 4.5mmol, 1.84mL) in dichloromethane. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The dichloromethane was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was taken up in ethyl acetate, washed with water, sodium hydrogen carbonate and brine. The organic layer was concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (476.3mg).
MS (ESI) m/z 427.4 [M+H]+
D: (R)-N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cvclθDroDylmethvhureido)-3-fluorobenzovn-2- methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
(R)-3-((4-(4-Amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert- butylbenzamide (119mg, 0.275mmol) and 4-nitrophenol chloroformate (56mg, 0.275mmol) were combined and stirred in dichloromethane for 1 hour. Cyclopropanemethylamine (56.8mg, O.δmmol, 0.0694mL) was added and the reaction was stirred for a further 30 minutes. Water was added and the reaction mixture was flushed through a hydrophobic frit. The organic phase was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by basic reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound (19.8mg). MS (ESI) m/z 524.7 [M+H]+
Example 34
(S)-N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-isobutylureido)benzoyl)-2-isopropylpiperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000064_0001
A: (S)-(4-Amino-3-fluorophenyl)(3-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl)methanone
Figure imgf000064_0002
1-Propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (1.752mmol, 1.043ml_, 1115mg) was added to a solution of (S)-tert-butyl 2-isopropylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (0.876mmol, 200mg), 4-amino-3-fluorobenzoic acid (0.876mmol, 136mg) and triethylamine (1.752mmol, 0.244 mL, 177mg) in dichloromethane and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After this time, ethyl acetate (10OmL) was then added to the reaction. The organic mixture was washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate, water, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was then dissolved in dichloromethane (5ml_) and trifluoroacetic acid (17.52mmol, 1997mg) added. The resultant solution was allowed to stand at room temperature overnight. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum and purified by strong cation exchange chromatography to give the title compound (200mg) as a clear oil. MS (ESI) m/z 266.3 [M+H]+
B: (S)-3-((4-(4-Amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)-2-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert- butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000065_0001
(S)-(4-Amino-3-fluorophenyl)(3-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl)methanone (0.754mmol, 200mg), N-tert-butyl-3-(chloromethyl)benzamide (0.754mmol, 170mg), potassium carbonate (1.508mmol, 208mg) and sodium iodide (0.075mmol, 11.30mg) were dissolved in acetonitrile (2OmL) and heated at reflux for 3 hours. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum and the crude material dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with water, dried over sodium sulphate and concentration under vacuum. The crude residue was then purified by column chromatography (eluting with dichloromethane to dichloromethane / methanol (1 % to 5%)) to give the title compound (160mg) as an off white solid. MS (ESI) m/z 455.4 [M+H]+
C: (S)-N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-isobutylureido)benzoyl)-2-isopropylpiperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
To a stirred solution of (S)-3-((4-(4-amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)-2-isopropylpiperazin- 1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide (40mg, O.Oδδmmol) in dichloromethane (2ml_) at room temperature was added 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (18.62mg, 0.092mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour before the addition of isobutylamine (6.44mg, O.Oδδmmol). After 2 hours stirring, the reaction mixture was applied to a silica carbonate column (2g). The eluant was concentrated under vacuum and redissolved in methanol. Purification by HPLC gave the title compound (3mg). MS (ESI) m/z 554.3 [M+H]+
Example 35
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)-2- (fluoromethyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000066_0001
A: (3-Fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)(3-(fluoromethyl)piperazin-1-yl)methanone
A stirred suspension of 3-fluoro-4-nitrobenzoic acid (2g, 10.8mmol) in dichloromethane (3OmL) was cooled to O0C (ice/water bath). Oxalylchloride (1.646g, 12.97mmol) was added followed by N-methylpyrolidinone (1 mL) to achieve a solution. The reaction mixture was stirred at O0C for 1 hour and then was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was azeotroped with dichloromethane (x3). The residue was redissolved in dichloromethane (2OmL) and cooled to O0C before the addition of triethylamine (64.8mmol, 6.56g) and 1-(fluoromethyl)piperazine dihydrochloride (10.8mmol, 2.064g). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stir for 1 hour before being applied to a strong cation exchange column. The crude product was released from the column using 2M ammonia in methanol and purified using silica chromatography (4% methanol/dichloromethane) to give the title compound (444mg). MS (ESI) m/z 286.4 [M+H]+ B: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-nitrobenzoyl)-2-(fluoromethyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000066_0002
A stirred mixture of (3-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)(3-(fluoromethyl)piperazin-1-yl)methanone (456mg, 1.6mmol), N-tert-butyl-3-(chloromethyl)benzamide (361 mg, 1.6mmol), triethylamine (3.1 mmol, 341 mg) and sodium iodide (1.6mmol, 240mg) in acetonitrile (1OmL) was heated to 6O0C for several hours. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was then dissolved in dichloromethane and extracted with water (x3). The organic phase was dried (sodium sulfate) and concentrated under vacuum. The crude material was purified using silica chromatography to give the title compound (435mg). MS (ESI) m/z 475.7 [M+H]+
C: 3-((4-(4-Amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)-2-(fluoromethyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert- butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000067_0001
N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-nitrobenzoyl)-2-(fluoromethyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)- benzamide (435mg, 0.92mmol), iron powder (558mg, lOmmol) and 1 M hydrochloric acid (1.5ml_, 1.5mmol) were stirred in isopropyl alcohol (3OmL) for 1 hour. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue partitioned between dichloro- methane and water. The organic layer was separated, dried (sodium sulfate) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified using silica chromatography to give the title compound (150mg). MS (ESI) m/z 445.6 [M+H]+ D: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)-2- (fluoromethyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
To a solution of 3-((4-(4-amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)-2-(fluoromethyl)piperazin-1-yl)- methyl)-N-tert-butylbenzamide (150mg, 0.34mmol) in dichloromethane (4ml_) at room temperature was added 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (71.4mg, 0.354mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour before the addition of cyclopropane- methylamine (150μl_). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight before being applied to a silica carbonate column. The eluant was concentrated under reduced pressure and redissolved in methanol. Purification by basic reverse phase HPLC gave the title compound (2mg). MS (ESI) m/z 542.5 [M+H]+
Example 36
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)-2,2-dimethylpiperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000067_0002
A: (4-Amino-3-fluorophenyl)(3,3-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)methanone Step 1 : To tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (0.902mmol, 0.193g) in dichloromethane (5mL) was added 4-amino-3-fluorobenzoic acid (0.902mmol, 0.14g), and triethylamine (1.805mmol, 0.252mL, 0.183g). To this mixture was added 1- propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (1.805mmol, 1.074mL, 1.149g, 50% solution in ethyl acetate). After 2 hours stirring, ethyl acetate was added and the organic mixture was washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate, water, and saturated sodium chloride. The organic layer was dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give the intermediate tert-butyl 4-(4-amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)-2,2- dimethylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (264mg).
Step 2: To a stirred mixture of tert-butyl 4-(4-amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)-2,2- dimethylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (0.569mmol, 200mg) in dichloromethane (2ml_) was added trifluoroacetic acid (10. lOmmol, 0.75ml_, 1151 mg). After 1 hour stirring, the reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up in dichloromethane/methanol and loaded on to strong cation exchange column (5g) which was washed with dichloromethane/methanol. The product was eluted from the column with 2M ammonia in methanol. The organic phase was concentrated under vacuum to yield the title compound (131mg). MS (ESI) m/z 252.3 [M+H]+ B: 3-((4-(4-Amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)-2,2-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butyl- benzamide
Figure imgf000068_0001
To (4-amino-3-fluorophenyl)(3,3-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)methanone (0.521 mmol, 131 mg) in acetonitrile (5.213ml_) was added N-tert-butyl-3-(chloromethyl)benzamide (0.573 mmol, 129mg), and triethylamine (1.040mmol, 145μl, 105mg). A catalytic amount of sodium iodide was added. The mixture was heated to reflux for 3 hours. The mixture was allowed to cool and ethyl acetate was added. The organic mixture was washed with water, dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica chromatography (eluting with 5% methanol in dichloromethane) to yield the title compound (90mg). MS (ESI) m/z 441.4 [M+H]+ C: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)-2,2-dimethylpiperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
To 3-((4-(4-amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)-2,2-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert- butylbenzamide (0.1 mmol, 45mg) in dichloromethane (1.5ml_) was added 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (0.11 mmol, 23mg). The mixture was allowed to stir for 2 hours before the addition of cyclobutylamine (1.757mmol, 125mg, 150μl). The mixture was allowed to stir for a further 16 hours before being concentrated under vacuum and purified by acidic reverse phase HPLC. The free base of the product was obtained using strong cation exchange column chromatography. This material was lyophilised to yield the title compound (16mg). MS (ESI) m/z 538.7 [M+H]+
Example 37
N-tert-Butyl-3-(1-(4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2- methylpropyDbenzamide
Figure imgf000069_0001
A: 3-(1-Hvdroxy-2-methylpropyl)benzonitrile 15% lsopropyl magnesium bromide in diethyl ether (23.5ml_, 24.0mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 3-formylbenzonitrile (2.62mg, 20.0mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (18ml_), at 00C under a nitrogen atmosphere. After stirring at 00C for 1 hour, then at room temperature for 2 hours, the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and 1 M hydrochloric acid. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified with silica column chromatography (eluting with 9% to 25% ethyl acetate in heptane) to afford the title compound (1.164g). 1H NMR (CDCI3, 400 MHz): δ 0.85 (3H, d), 0.95 (3H, d), 1.95 (1 H, septet), 4.44-4.49 (1 H, m), 7.44 (1 H, t), 7.53-7.58 (2H, m), 7.63 (1 H, s). B: 3-(1-Hvdroxy-2-methylpropyl)benzoic acid
A mixture of 3-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)benzonitrile (1.16g, 6.62mmol) and 10M potassium hydroxide (2.4OmL) in ethanol (10.OmL) was subjected to microwave irradiation at 1600C for 10 minutes. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum and partitioned between diethyl ether and water. The aqueous layer was acidified with 5M hydrochloric acid and extracted with dichloromethane. The combined dichloromethane extracts were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (1.072g). 1H NMR (CDCI3, 400 MHz): δ 0.84 (3H, d), 0.99 (3H, d), 1.99 (1 H, septet), 4.48 (1 H, d), 7.46 (1 H, t), 7.59 (1 H, d), 8.01 (1 H, d), 8.05 (1 H, s). C: N-tert-Butyl-3-d -hvdroxy-2-methylpropyl)benzamide
A mixture of 3-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)benzoic acid (677mg, 3.49mmol), O-(7- azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N,N-tetramethyl uronium hexafluorophosphate (1.73g, 4.54mmol), N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (1.21 ml_, 6.97mmol) and tert- butylamine (510mg, 6.97mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (12.OmL) was subjected to microwave irradiation at 1000C for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum and purified with silica column chromatography (eluting with 9% to 33% ethyl acetate in heptane) to afford the title compound (718mg). MS (ESI) m/z 250.4 [M+H]+ D: tert-Butyl 4-(1-(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)phenyl)-2-methylpropyl)piperazine-1- carboxylate
Figure imgf000070_0001
Step 1 : A solution of methanesulfonyl chloride (165mg, 1.44mmol) in dichloromethane (2.OmL) was added to a stirred solution of N-tert-butyl-3-(1-hydroxy-2- methylpropyl)benzamide (300mg, 1.20mmol) in dichloromethane (8.OmL). After 1.5 hours stirring, the mixture was partitioned between dichloromethane and aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum to afford the intermediate 1-(3-(tert- butylcarbamoyl)phenyl)propyl methanesulfonate. Step 2: A solution of 1-(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)phenyl)propyl methanesulfonate, tert-butyl piperazine-1 -carboxylate (447mg, 2.40mmol) and N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2 -amine (0.623mL, 3.60mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (8.OmL) was stirred at 700C for 4 hours, then subjected to microwave irradiation at 160°C for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum, treated with strong cation exchange column chromatography and purified with silica column chromatography (eluting with 20% to 66% ethyl acetate in heptane) to afford the title compound (16mg). MS (ESI) m/z 418.5 [M+H]+ E: N-tert-Butyl-3-(2-methyl-1 -(piperazin-1 -yl)propyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000071_0001
A mixture of tert-butyl 4-(1-(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)phenyl)-2- methylpropyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (24mg, 0.057mmol) and 5M hydrochloric acid (0.2OmL) in 1 ,4-dioxane (2.OmL) was stirred at 800C for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum and treated with strong cation exchange column chromatography to afford the title compound (13.6mg). MS (ESI) m/z 318.3 [M+H]+
F: 3-(1-(4-(4-Amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpropyl)-N-tert- butylbenzamide
Figure imgf000071_0002
A mixture of N-tert-butyl-3-(2-methyl-1 -(piperazin-1 -yl)propyl)benzamide (13.6mg, 0.043mmol), 4-amino-3-fluorobenzoic acid (10mg, 0.065mmol), N-ethyl-N-isopropyl- propan-2-amine (11 mg, 0.086mmol) and 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (55mg, 0.086mmol, 50% solution in ethyl acetate) in dichloromethane (2.OmL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The mixture was treated with strong cation exchange column chromatography and purified with silica column chromatography (eluting with 33% ethyl acetate in heptane then 66% ethyl acetate in heptane) to afford the title compound (11.8mg). MS (ESI) m/z 455.5 [M+H]+ G: N-tert-Butyl-3-(1-(4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2- methylpropyDbenzamide
A mixture of 3-(1-(4-(4-amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpropyl)-N- tert-butylbenzamide (3.0mg, 0.0066mmol) and 4-nitrophenylchloroformate (1.5mg, 0.0073mmol) in dichloromethane (1.OmL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Cycloprobutylamine (1.Omg, 0.013mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The mixture was treated with strong cation exchange column chromatography and purified by HPLC to afford the title compound (1.6mg). MS (ESI) m/z 552.8 [M+H]+ Example 38 i-f^d-fδ-ftert-ButylcarbamovD^-methoxybenzvDpiperazine^-carbonvDphenvD-S- phenylurea 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000072_0001
A: tert-Butyl 4-(4-(3-phenylureido)benzoyl)piperazine-1 -carboxylate
Figure imgf000072_0002
To a solution of 4-(3-phenylureido)benzoic acid (13.5g, 52.68mmol) in acetonitrile (25OmL) at room temperature was added tert-butyl piperazine-1 -carboxylate (11.8g, 63.22mmol), 1 H-benzo[d][1 ,2,3]triazol-1-ol (21.1g, 156.5mmol, HOBT) and 1 -ethyl-3-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (3Og, 156.5mmol, EDCI). The mixture was stirred at reflux temperature for 16 hours and was then concentrated under vacuum. The residue was submitted to silica chromatography (0 - 5% ethyl acetate in n-hexanes as eluant) to give the title compound (15.Og). MS (ESI) m/z 425.1 [M+H]+ B: 1 -Phenyl-3-(4-(piperazine-1 -carbonyl)phenyl)urea 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000072_0003
tert-Butyl 4-(4-(3-phenylureido)benzoyl)piperazine-1 -carboxylate (15.Og, 35.34mmol) was stirred with 50% trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane (20OmL) at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction was concentrated under vacuum and then dryed overnight on high vacuum to afford the title compound (15.5g). MS (ESI) m/z 325.0 [M+H]+ C: Methyl 4-methoxy-3-((4-(4-(3-phenylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzoate
Figure imgf000072_0004
1-Phenyl-3-(4-(piperazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl)urea (439mg, 1.Ommol) was stirred in acetonitrile (8ml_) at room temperature for 1 hour. N-Ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (697μL, 4mmol) was added, followed by a solution of methyl 3-(chloromethyl)-4- methoxybenzoate (215mg, 1. Ommol) in acetonitrile (5ml_). The mixture was heated to 450C and stirred overnight. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum, diluted with dichloromethane (4OmL) and washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (25ml_) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride (25ml_). The organic phase was dried on magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was submitted to silica chromatography (0 - 10% methanol in dichloromethane as eluant) to give the title compound (216mg). MS (ESI) m/z 503.1 [M+H]+
D: 4-Methoxy-3-((4-(4-(3-phenylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -vDmethvDbenzoic acid
Figure imgf000073_0001
Methyl 4-methoxy-3-((4-(4-(3-phenylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzoate (216mg, 0.43mmol) was dissolved in methanol (2OmL) at room temperature. Lithium hydroxide (51.5mg, 2.15mmol) was added, followed by water (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at 450C overnight and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in water (15mL) and brought to pH ~3 with 1 M aqueous hydrochloric acid. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (x2) and with dichloromethane (x2). The combined organic phases were dried on magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was submitted to silica chromatography (0 - 10% methanol in dichloromethane as eluant) to give the title compound (78mg). MS (ESI) m/z 489.1 [M+H]+ E: i-^-π-fδ-ftert-Butylcarbamoyl^-methoxybenzvQpiperazine^-carbonvOphenylKS- phenylurea 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
4-Methoxy-3-((4-(4-(3-phenylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzoic acid (10mg, 20.5μmol) was dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (1 mL) at room temperature. Tert-Butylamine (10.8μL, 102μmol) was added, followed by O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)- N,N,N,N-tetramethyl uronium hexafluorophosphate (10mg, 26.3 μmol, HATU). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and was then concentrated under vacuum. The residue was diluted with dichloromethane (15mL), washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and saturated aqueous sodium chloride. The organic phase was dried on magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The resulting residue was purified on acidic reverse phase HPLC to give the title compound (10.2mg). MS (ESI) m/z 544.1 [M+H]+
Example 39
N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-2- fluorobenzamide
Figure imgf000074_0001
A: N-tert-Butyl-2-fluoro-3-methylbenzamide
To a stirred solution of 2-fluoro-3-methylbenzoic acid (8.76mmol, 1.35g), 2- methylpropan-2 -amine (9.43mmol, 1 mL, 0.69Og) and triethylamine (28.7mmol, 4mL,
2.9Og) in dichloromethane (2OmL) was added 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (13.50mmol, 8mL, 8.59g, 50% solution in ethyl acetate). The reaction was stirred for 2 hours and diluted with dichloromethane and aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate. The organic layer was separated, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title compound (1g).
MS (ESI) m/z 210.1 [M+H]+
B: 3-(Bromomethyl)-N-tert-butyl-2-fluorobenzamide
Benzoyl peroxide (0.048mmol, 11.58mg), N-bromosuccinimide (5.02mmol,
893mg) and N-tert-butyl-2-fluoro-3-methylbenzamide (4.78mmol, 1000mg) were stirred together in benzene (12mL) at reflux for 16 hours. After this time the reaction was allowed to cool and the reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure.
Dichloromethane was added and the solution was extracted with a saturated ammonium chloride solution. The organic phase was dried with sodium sulfate and the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. Purification by silica chromatography gave the title compound (105mg).
1H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz): δ 1.44 (9H, s), 4.60 (2H, s), 7.20 (1 H, m), 7.55 (2H, m).
C: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-2- fluorobenzamide
A stirred mixture of 3-(bromomethyl)-N-tert-butyl-2-fluorobenzamide (0.36mmol, 105mg), 1-cyclobutyl-3-(4-(piperazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl)urea (0.33mmol, 620mg) and triethylamine (2.5mmol, 0.35mL, 253mg) in tetrahydrofuran (2mL) was heated to 7O0C for 16 hours. After this time the volatiles were removed under vacuum. The residue was purified by strong cation exchange chromatography and basic reverse phase HPLC to yield the title compound (74mg). MS (ESI) m/z 510.6 [M+H]+
Example 40
N-tert-Butyl-2-fluoro-3-((4-(4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000075_0001
A: tert-Butyl 4-(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-2-fluorobenzyl)piperazine-1 -carboxylate
Figure imgf000075_0002
To a stirred mixture of tert-butyl piperazine-1 -carboxylate (3.53mmol, 658mg) in aceto- nitrile (3OmL) was added 3-(bromomethyl)-N-tert-butyl-2-fluorobenzamide (3.21 mmol, 925mg), sodium iodide (0.321 mmol, 48.1 mg) and triethylamine (4.82mmol, 0.671 mL, 487mg). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux for 4 hours and then was diluted with water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by silica chromatography (eluting with 5% methanol/dichloromethane) gave the title compound (1g). MS (ESI) m/z 394.1 [M+H]+ B: N-tert-Butyl-2-fluoro-3-(piperazin-1 -ylmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000075_0003
To a stirred mixture of tert-butyl 4-(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-2-fluorobenzyl)piperazine-1- carboxylate (2.54mmol, 1g) in dichloromethane at room temperature was added trifluoro- acetic acid (53.9mmol, 4mL, 6.14g). After 3 hours stirring the reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up in dichloromethane/methanol and loaded on to strong cation exchange column (10g) and washed with dichloromethane- /methanol. Elution of the column with 2M ammonia in methanol gave the title compound
(636mg). MS (ESI) m/z 294.4 [M+H]+
C: 3-((4-(4-Aminobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butyl-2-fluorobenzamide
Figure imgf000076_0001
N-tert-butyl-2-fluoro-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide (0.648mmol, 190mg), 4-amino- benzoic acid (0.648mmol, 89mg) and triethylamine (2.59mmol, 0.361 mL, 262mg) were dissolved in dichloromethane (6.476ml_). 1 -Propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (1.295mmol, 0.767mL, 824mg, 50% solution in ethyl acetate) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours. Ethyl acetate was added and the organic phase was washed with water, sodium hydrogen carbonate, brine and dried with sodium sulfate. The organic phase was concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title compound (146mg). MS (ESI) m/z 413.4 [M+H]+
D: N-tert-Butyl-2-fluoro-3-((4-(4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)- benzamide 3-((4-(4-Aminobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-tert-butyl-2-fluorobenzamide
(0.109mmol, 45mg) and 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (0.120mmol, 24.19mg) were combined in dichloromethane (1 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour before the addition of 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-amine (0.855mmol, 100μl, 74.5mg). After 30 minutes stirring, the reaction was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was taken up in dichloromethane/methanol and loaded on to strong cation exchange column (2g) and washed with dichloromethane/methanol. Elution of the column with 2M ammonia in methanol gave the title compound (52mg). MS (ESI) m/z 526.2 [M+H]+
Example 41 N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-2,6- difluorobenzamide
Figure imgf000076_0002
A: N-tert-Butyl-2,6-difluoro-3-methylbenzamide To a stirred solution of 2,6-difluoro-3-methylbenzoic acid (8.75mmol, 1.5g), 2- methylpropan-2-amine (9.43mmol, 1 mL, 0.69Og) and triethylamine (28.7mmol, 4ml_, 2.9Og) in dichloromethane (2OmL) was added 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (13.50mmol, 8mL, 8.59g, 50% solution in ethyl acetate). The reaction was stirred for 2 hours before being diluted with dichloromethane and aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate. The organic layer was separated, dried and concentrated under vacuum to yield the title compound (1.1g). MS (ESI) m/z 228.4 [M+H]+ B: 3-(Bromomethyl)-N-tert-butyl-2,6-difluorobenzamide
Benzoyl peroxide (0.048mmol, 11.58mg), N-bromosuccinimide (5.02mmol, 893 mg) and N-tert-butyl-2-fluoro-3-methylbenzamide (4.78mmol, 1.1g) were stirred together in benzene (12mL) at reflux for 16 hours. After this time the reaction was allowed to cool and was concentrated under reduced pressure. Dichloromethane was added and the solution was extracted with a saturated ammonium chloride solution. The organic phase was dried with sodium sulfate and the reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by silica chromatography gave the title compound (111 mg). 1H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz): δ 1.43 (9H, s), 4.60 (2H, s), 7.00 (1 H, m), 7.50 (1 H, m). C: N-tert-Butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-2,6- difluorobenzamide
A stirred mixture of 3-(romomethyl)-N-tert-butyl-2,6-difluorobenzamide (0.36mmol, 111 mg), 1-cyclobutyl-3-(4-(piperazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl)urea (0.33mmol, 620mg) and triethylamine (2.5mmol, 0.35mL, 253mg) in tetrahydrofuran (2mL) was heated at 7O0C for 16 hours. After this time the reaction was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by strong cation exchange column chromatography and basic reverse phase HPLC to yield the title compound (60mg). MS (ESI) m/z 528.3 [M+H]+
Example 42
3-((4-(4-(3-(Cyclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-(furan-2- ylmethvDbenzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000077_0001
A mixture of 3-((4-(4-(3-(cyclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzoic acid hydrochloride (300mg, 0.434mmol), furan-2-ylmethylamine (84mg, 0.87mmol), N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (112mg, 0.87mmol) amd O-(7- azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N,N-tetramethyl uronium hexafluorophosphate (214mg, 0.564mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (1OmL) was subjected to microwave irradiation at 1000C for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was treated with strong cation exchange column chromtaography and purified with acidic reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound (94.7mg). MS (ESI) m/z 534.5 [M+H]+
The following compounds were prepared in a similar manner:
42B: 3-((4-(4-(3-(Cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N- (pentan-3-yl)benzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000078_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 524.75 [M+H]+
42C: N-Cvclohexyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000078_0002
MS (ESI) m/z 536.7 [M+H]+
42D: 3-((4-(4-(3-(Cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-
(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)benzamide bis(2,2,2-trifluoroacetate)
Figure imgf000078_0003
MS (ESI) m/z 555.5 [M+H]+ 42E: 3-((4-(4-(3-(Cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N- phenylbenzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000079_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 530.5 [M+H]+ 42F: 3-((4-(4-(3-(Cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-
(2,4-difluorobenzyl)benzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000079_0002
MS (ESI) m/z 580.3 [M+H]+
42G: N-(1-Cvanocvclopentyl)-3-((4-(4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3- fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000079_0003
MS (ESI) m/z 547.5 [M+H]+
51 M: 3-((4-(4-(3-(Cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-(2- methylbut-3-vn-2-yl)benzamide
Figure imgf000079_0004
MS (ESI) m/z 520.5 [M+H]+
42H: N-(2-Cvanopropan-2-yl)-3-((4-(4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3- fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000080_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 521.3 [M+H]+
42I: 3-((4-(4-(3-(Cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-(2- cvclopropylpropan-2-yl)benzamide
Figure imgf000080_0002
MS (ESI) m/z 536.5 [M+H]+
42J: trans-3-((4-(4-(3-(Cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-
N-(2-phenylcvclopropyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000080_0003
MS (ESI) m/z 570.5 [M+H]+
42 K: 3-((4-(4-(3-(Cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N- ((5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)methyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000080_0004
MS (ESI) m/z 549.3 [M+H]+ 42 L: 3-((4-(4-(3-(Cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-
(tetrahvdro-2H-pyran-4-yl)benzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000080_0005
MS (ESI) m/z 538.7 [M+H]+ 42M: s-ff^f^O-fCvclopropylmethvDureidoVS-fluorobenzovDpiperazin-i-vDmethyD-N- (thiazol-2-yl)benzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000081_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 537.5 [M+H]+
42N: N-fCvanofphenvOmethvO-S-f^-^-fS-fcvclopropylmethvOureidoKS- fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000081_0002
MS (ESI) m/z 569.5 [M+H]+
Example 43
1-(4- (i-O^d-dHvdroxymethvDcvclopentvDcaramovDbenzvDpiperazine^- carbonv)phenyl)-3-phenylurea 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000081_0003
A: Methyl 3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzoate bis(2,2,2-trifluoroacetate)
Figure imgf000081_0004
Tert-butyl 4-(3-(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (1.25g, 3.74mmol) was stirred with a 4 / 1 solution of dichloromethane / trifluoroacetic acid (2OmL) for 1 hour at room temperature. The solution was then concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (1.73g). MS (ESI) m/z 235.1 [M+H]+ B: Methyl 3-((4-(4-(3-phenylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzoate
Figure imgf000082_0001
To a solution of ethyl 4-(3-phenylureido)benzoate (1.0Og, 3.90mmol) in N,N-dimethyl- formamide (2OmL) was added methyl 3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzoate bis(2,2,2- trifluoroacetate) (1.25g, 2.70mmol), N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (0.94mL, 5.40mmol), 1 H-benzo[d][1 ,2,3]triazol-1-ol (0.4Og, 2.97mmol, HOBT) and 1-ethyl-3-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (0.57g, 2.97mmol, EDCI). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature and then concentrated under vacuum. The residue was taken up in ethyl acetate and washed with water (x2) and then saturated aqueous sodium chloride. The organic phase was dried on magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated under vacuum. Silica chromatography (10 - 40% ethyl acetate in n- hexanes) and recrystallisation from methanol gave the title compound (1.02g). MS (ESI) m/z 473.1 [M+H]+
C: 3-((4-(4-(3-Phenylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -vDmethvDbenzoic acid
Figure imgf000082_0002
Methyl 3-((4-(4-(3-phenylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzoate (0.47g, 1 mmol) was suspended in a mixture of water (5ml_) / 1 ,4-dioxane (15ml_) and treated with lithium hydroxide mono-hydrate (0.168g, 4mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 60 hours and was filtered over fluted paper. The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum and then acidified with 1 M hydrochloric acid. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (x4) and the combined organic layers were dried on magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give the title compound (0.47g). MS (ESI) m/z 459.0 [M+H]+
D: 1-(4- (1-(3-((1-(Hvdroxymethyl)cvclopentyl)caramoyl)benzyl)piperazine-4- carbonv)phenyl)-3-phenylurea 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate A mixture of 3-((4-(4-(3-phenylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzoic acid
(25mg, 0.055mmol), 1-amino-1-cyclopentanemethanol (18.8mg, 0.163mmol), O-(7- azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N,N-tetramethyl uronium hexafluorophosphate (31mg, 0.082mmol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (0.2ml_) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with methanol (2ml_) and purified by acidic reverse phase HPLC yielding the title compound (12.4mg). MS (ESI) m/z 556.1 [M+H]+
The following compound was prepared in a similar manner: 43B:
1-(4-(1-(3-((2-Methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine-4-carbonyl)phenyl)-3- phenylurea 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000083_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 564.1 [M+H]+
Example 44
3-((4-(4-(3-Cyclobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2- methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide
Figure imgf000083_0002
A: tert-Butyl 4-(4-(3-cvclobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazine-1 -carboxylate
Figure imgf000083_0003
A flask was charged with 4-(3-cyclobutylureido)benzoic acid (51.3mmol, 12.023g), tri- ethylamine (129mmol, 18ml_, 13.07g) and dichloromethane (75mL) and cooled to O0C. tert-Butyl piperazine-1 -carboxylate (51.3mmol, 9.56g) was then added and the reagents were stirred together for 10 minutes at 00C before 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (64.2mmol, 38.OmL, 40.8g, 50% solution in ethyl acetate) was slowly added. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm slowly to room temperature. After 5 hours stirring, the reaction was poured into a flask containing water (10OmL) and brine (2OmL). The mixture was then stirred and left to stand overnight. The resulting precipitate was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with cold water and dried under vacuum to yield the title compound as a white powder (19.6g). MS (ESI) m/z 403.5 [M+H]+ B: 1 -Cvclobutyl-3-(4-(piperazine-1 -carbonvDphenvDurea
Figure imgf000084_0001
tert-Butyl 4-(4-(3-cyclobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (48.7mmol, 19.6g) was dissolved in a mixture of dichloromethane (125ml_) and acetonitrile (1OmL). After complete dissolution, trifluoroacetic acid (269mmol, 2OmL, 30.7g) was added over 10 minutes. The reaction was stirred until no trace of starting material remained. The reaction was neutralised with sodium hydrogen carbonate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to generate a white solid. The desired product was isolated by continuous extraction of this material using soxhlet apparatus with dichloromethane as elutant. The organic phase was concentrated under vacuum to yield the title compound as a white powder (14.34g). MS (ESI) m/z 303.5 [M+H]+ C: 3-(Chloromethyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide
3-(Chloromethyl)benzoyl chloride (38.5mmol, 5.48mL, 7.29g) was dissolved in dichloromethane (10OmL) and stirred. To this was added a mixture of 1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2- methylpropan-2-amine (39.3mmol, 5g) and triethylamine (59.0mmol, 8.22mL, 5.97g) (dropwise) and stirring continued for 2 hours. The reaction was diluted with dichloromethane and this organic mixture was washed with saturated sodium chloride, water, and saturated sodium chloride. The organic phase was dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica chromatography (eluting with dichloromethane) to give the title compound (5g). MS (ESI) m/z 280.1 [M+H]+ D: 3-((4-(4-(3-Cyclobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2- methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide
To 1-cyclobutyl-3-(4-(piperazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl)urea (0.165mmol, 50mg) in tetrahydrofuran (1654μl) was added 3-(chloromethyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan- 2-yl)benzamide (0.182mmol, 50.9mg) and triethylamine (0.496mmol, 69.1μl, 50.2mg). The reaction was heated to reflux and stirred for 30 minutes then acetonitrile (0.5mL) and sodium iodide (catalytic amount) were added. After 3 hours stirring, ethyl acetate was added and the organic mixture was washed with water and saturated sodium chloride. The organic phase was dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. This material was lyophilised to give the title compound (81 mg). MS (ESI) m/z 546.5 [M+H]+
Example 45
3-((4-(4-(3-Neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2- methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide
Figure imgf000085_0001
A: tert-Butyl 4-(3-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-ylcarbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine-1 - carboxylate
3-(Chloromethyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide (3.10mmol, 868mg), tert-butyl piperazine-1 -carboxylate (3.10mmol, 578mg), sodium iodide (3.10mmol, 465 mg) and triethylamine (3.10mmol, 0.433ml_) were all combined in actetonitrile (28ml_) and heated to reflux for 2 hours. After this time the reaction mixture was allowed to cool and ethyl acetate and water were added. The organic layer was separated, dried and concentrated under vacuum to yield the title compound (1.3g). MS (ESI) m/z 430.5 [M+H]+ B: 3-(Piperazin-1 -ylmethyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide tert-Butyl 4-(3-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-ylcarbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine-1 - carboxylate (0.792mmol, 340mg) wsa dissolved in dichloromethane (3ml_) and trifluoroacetic acid (7.92mmol, 0.588ml_, 903mg) added. After 2 hours stirring, the mixture was taken up in dichloromethane, loaded on to a strong cation exchange column (5g) and washed with dichloromethane/methanol. Elution of the column with 2M ammonia in methanol gave the title compound (260mg). MS (ESI) m/z 330.3 [M+H]+ C: 3-((4-(4-Aminobenzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2- vDbenzamide
To a stirred mixture of 3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan- 2-yl)benzamide (3.07mmol, 1.01g), 4-aminobenzoic acid (3.07mmol, 0.421g) and triethylamine (6.13mmol, 0.855ml_, 0.621g) in dichloromethane (30.7mL) was added 1 - propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (6.13mmol, 3.63mL, 3.9Og, 50% solution in ethyl acetate). After 2 hours stirring, dichloromethane was added and the organic mixture was washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate, water, and saturated sodium chloride. The organic phase was dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to yield the title compound (640mg).
MS (ESI) m/z 449.5 [M+H]+
D: 3-((4-(4-(3-Neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2- methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide
3-((4-(4-Aminobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan- 2-yl)benzamide (0.129mmol, 58mg) and 4-nitrophenylchloroformate (0.142mmol, 29mg) were stirred together in dichloromethane (1mL) for 16 hours. After this time neopentylamine (0.259mmol, 32μl_) was added. The volatiles were removed under vacuum and this residue was purified by silica chromatography to yield the title compound (50mg). MS (ESI) m/z 562.5 [M+H]+
The following compounds were prepared in a similar manner:
45B: 3-((4-(4-(3-Butylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1-trifluoro-2- methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide
Figure imgf000086_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 548.5 [M+H]+
45C: 3-((4-(4-(3-lsobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2- methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide
Figure imgf000086_0002
MS (ESI) m/z 548.5 [M+H]+
Example 46
3-((4-(3-Fluoro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2- methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide
Figure imgf000087_0001
A: 3-((4-(4-Amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1-trifluoro-2- methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide
Figure imgf000087_0002
3-(Piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide (1.518mmol, 0.5g), 4-amino-3-fluorobenzoic acid (1.518mmol, 0.235g) and triethylamine (3.80mmol, 0.529mL, 0.384g) were dissolved in dichloromethane (15.18ml_) and stirred for 5 minutes. 1-Propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (3.04mmol, 1.799ml_, 1.932g, 50% solution in ethyl acetate) was added dropwise and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 1 hour. Dichloromethane was added and the organic mixture was washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate, water, and saturated sodium chloride. The organic phase was dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to yield the title compound (500mg). MS (ESI) m/z 467.4 [M+H]+ B: 3-((4-(3-Fluoro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro- 2-methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide
3-((4-(4-Amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1-trifluoro-2- methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide (0.480mmol, 224mg) and 4-nitrophenylchloroformate (0.528mmol, 106mg) were stirred together in dichloromethane (2ml_) for 16 hours. Neopentylamine (2.4mmol, 300μl_) was added and the volatiles were removed under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica chromatography to yield the title compound (184mg). MS (ESI) m/z 580.1 [M+H]+
The following compounds were prepared in a similar manner:
46B: 3-((4-(4-(3-(Cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N- (1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide hydrochloride
Figure imgf000088_0001
MS (ESI) m/z 564.1 [M+H]+
Example 47
N-Cvclobutyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000088_0002
A: tert-Butyl 4-(3-(cyclobutylcarbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine-1 -carboxylate
Figure imgf000088_0003
A stirred suspension of tert-butyl piperazine-1 -carboxylate (8.94mmol, 1.665g), 3- (chloromethyl)-N-cyclobutylbenzamide (8.94mmol, 2g), potassium carbonate (17.88 mmol, 2.471g) and sodium iodide (0.894mmol, 0.134g) in acetonitrile (5OmL) was heated at 8O0C for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was separated, dried (magnesium sulfate) and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (3.3g). MS (ESI) m/z 374.4 ([M+H]+). B: N-Cyclobutyl-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000088_0004
To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-(3-(cyclobutylcarbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine-1- carboxylate (8.84mmol, 3.3g) in dichloromethane (1OmL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (5mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 24 hours then concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by strong cation exchange column chromatography gave the title compound (2.4g). MS (ESI) m/z 274.5 [M+H]+ C: S-f^-^-Amino-S-fluorobenzovOpiperazin-i-vOmethylVN-cvclobutylbenzamide
Figure imgf000089_0001
To a solution of N-cyclobutyl-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide (8.78mmol, 2.4g), 4- amino-3-fluorobenzoic acid (8.78mmol, 1.362g) and triethylamine (26.3mmol, 3.67mL, 2.67g) in dichloromethane (5OmL) was added 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (13.17mmol, 7.84mL, 8.38g, 50% solution in ethyl acetate). The reaction was stirred for 1 hour then was diluted with ethyl acetate / sodium hydrogen carbonate (aqueous). The organic layer was separated, dried (magnesium sulfate) and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (2.4g). MS (ESI) m/z 411.5 [M+H]+
D: N-Cvclobutyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
To a stirred solution of bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (0.331 mmol, 98mg) in dichloromethane (1 OmL) was added a solution of 3-((4-(4-amino-3- fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-cyclobutylbenzamide (0.974mmol, 400mg) and N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2 -amine (2.144mmol, 0.354mL, 277mg) in dichloromethane (1OmL) (dropwise). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour then 2,2-dimethylpropan- 1 -amine (1.169mmol, 0.137mL, 102mg) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 20 hours. Chromatography on silica (eluting with dichloromethane to dichloromethane/methanol (1% to 3%)) gave the title compound (266mg). MS (ESI) m/z 524.7 [M+H]+
Example 48
(R)-N-sec-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro^H3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000089_0002
A: (R)-N-sec-Butyl-3-(chloromethyl)benzamide
A solution of (R)-butan-2-amine (14.77mmol, 1.478ml_, 1.081g) and triethylamine (15.48mmol, 2.157ml_, 1.566g) in dichloromethane was added dropwise to a stirred solution of 3-(chloromethyl)benzoyl chloride (14.07mmol, 2ml_, 2.66g) in dichloro- methane at room temperature. Upon complete addition the reaction was stirred for 2 hours, after which time the solvent was removed under vacuum and ethyl acetate (100 ml.) added. The organic solution was then washed with water (20OmL), dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum to give the title compound (2.47g) as a cream solid. MS (ESI) m/z 226.3 [M+H]+ B± (R)-tert-Butyl 4-(3-(sec-butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate
A suspenison of tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate (5.32mmol, 0.99Og), (R)-N- sec-butyl-3-(chloromethyl)benzamide (5.32mmol, 1.2g), potassium carbonate (10.63mmol, 1.469 g) and sodium iodide (0.532mmol, 0.08Og) in acetonitrile (5OmL) were heated at 8O0C for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was separated, dried (magnesium sulfate) and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (2g). MS (ESI) m/z
376.5 [M+H]+
C: (R)-N-sec-Butyl-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide
To a stirred solution of (R)-tert-butyl 4-(3-(sec-butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine- 1-carboxylate (5.33mmol, 2g) in dichloromethane (1OmL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (5mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 24 hours then was concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by strong cation exchange column chromatography gave the title compound (1.4g). MS (ESI) m/z 276.3 ([M+H]+). D: (R)-3-((4-(4-amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-sec-butylbenzamide To a solution of (R)-N-sec-butyl-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide (5.08mmol,
1.4g), 4-amino-3-fluorobenzoic acid (5.08mmol, 0.789g) and triethylamine (15.25mmol, 2.126mL, 1.543g) in dichloromethane (8OmL) was added 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (7.63mmol, 2.27OmL, 2.426g, 50% solution in ethyl acetate). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour then was diluted with ethyl acetate and potassium carbonate (aqueous). The organic layer was separated, dried (magnesium sulfate) and concentrated under reduced pressure. Chromatography on silica (eluting with ethyl acetate to ethyl acetate/methanol (5%)) gave the intermediate (R)-3-((4-(4-amino-3- fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-sec-butylbenzamide (1.2g). E: (R)-N-sec-Butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- vDmethvDbenzamide
To a stirred solution of bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (0.989mmol, 0.294g) in dichloromethane (3OmL) was added (R)-3-((4-(4-amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)-N-sec-butylbenzamide (2.91 mmol, 1.2g) and N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2- amine (6.40mmol, 1.058mL, 0.827g) in dichloromethane (3OmL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour then 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-amine (3.49mmol, 0.408mL, 0.304g) was added. After 2 hours stirring, the crude material was purified by acidic reverse phase LC/MS then by silica chromatography to give the title compound (25mg). MS (ESI) m/z 526.3 [M+H]+
Example 49
3-((4-(4-(3-(Cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-(3,3- difluorocyclobutvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000091_0001
A: S-fChloromethvD-N-P.S-difluorocyclobutvDbenzamide
3-(Chloromethyl)benzoyl chloride (13.93mmol, 2.63g) was stirred in dichloromethane (5OmL) at O0C. Triethylamine (41.8mmol, 5.81 mL, 4.23g) and 3,3- difluorocyclobutanamine hydrochloride (13.93mmol, 2g) were combined in dichloromethane and added dropwise. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room tempertaure and stir overnight. The reaction mixture was washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (3.33g). MS (ESI) m/z 260.3 [M+H]+ B: tert-Butyl 4-(3-(3,3-difluorocvclobutylcarbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate
Figure imgf000091_0002
3-(Chloromethyl)-N-(3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)benzamide (12.82mmol, 3.33g), tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate (12.82mmol, 2.388g), potassium carbonate (38.5mmol, 5.32g) and sodium iodide (2.56mmol, 0.384g) were combined and heated at reflux in acetonitrile (5OmL) for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue taken up in dichloromethane, washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (5.179g).
MS (ESI) m/z 410.3 [M+H]+
C: N-(3,3-Difluorocvclobutyl)-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000092_0001
tert-Butyl 4-(3-(3,3-difluorocyclobutylcarbamoyl)benzyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (12.65 mmol, 5.179g) was stirred at room temperature in dichloromethane (1OmL) / trifluoro- acetic acid (1 OmL) for 1 hour with sonication. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the resulting residue was purified by strong cation exchange column chromatography to afford the title compound (3.19g). MS (ESI) m/z 310.4 [M+H]+ D: 3-((4-(4-Amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-(3,3- difluorocyclobutvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000092_0002
N-(3,3-Difluorocyclobutyl)-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamide (5.14mmol, 1.59g), 4-amino-3-fluorobenzoic acid (5.14mmol, 0.797g) and triethylamine (15.42mmol, 2.143mL, 1.56Og) were stirred in dichloromethane (3OmL) at room temperature. 1 - Propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (7.71 mmol, 4.59mL, 4.91g, 50% solution in ethyl acetate) was added dropwise and the reaction stirred for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum and the residue taken up in ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (1.255g). MS (ESI) m/z 447.5 [M+H]+ E: 3-((4-(4-(3-(Cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-(3,3- difluorocyclobutvDbenzamide
A mixture of 3-((4-(4-amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-(3,3- difluorocyclobutyl)benzamide (0.224mmol, 0.1g) and N-ethyl-N-isopropylpropan-2-amine (0.672mmol, 0.111 mL, 0.087g) in dichloromethane were added dropwise to a stirred solution of bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (0.083mmol, 0.025g) in dichloromethane (1OmL). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cyclopropylmethylamine (0.448mmol, 0.039mL, 0.032g) was added and the reaction mixture allowed to stir for a further 2 hours. The reaction mixture was washed with water and the organic phase was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting residue was purified by acidic reverse phase HPLC and converted to the free base to afford the title compound (28mg). MS (ESI) m/z 544.5 [M+H]+
Example 50
N-(1-Cvano-1-cvclopropylethyl)-3-((4-(4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3- fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
Figure imgf000093_0001
A: 3-(Chloromethyl)-N-(1 -cyano-1 -cyclopropylethyDbenzamide 3-(Chloromethyl)benzoyl chloride (9.08mmol, 1.29OmL, 1.716g) and triethylamine
(27.2mmol, 3.79mL, 2.76g) were stirred in dichloromethane (1OmL) at O0C. 2-Amino-2- cyclopropylpropanenitrile (9.08mmol, 1g) was added dropwise and the reaction allowed to warm to room temperature and stir for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was washed with water and the organic phase concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound (1.451g). MS (ESI) m/z 263.1 [M+H]+
B: 3-((4-(4-Amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-(1-cvano-1- cvclopropylethvDbenzamide
Figure imgf000093_0002
(4-Amino-3-fluorophenyl)(piperazin-1-yl)methanone (2.74mmol, 0.612g), 3-(chloro- methyl)-N-(1 -cyano-1 -cyclopropylethyl)benzamide (2.74mmol, 0.72g), sodium iodide (0.548mmol, 0.082g) and potassium carbonate (8.22mmol, 1.136g) were combined in acetonitrile (25mL) and heated to reflux for 2 hours. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue taken up in dichloromethane and washed with water. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography (eluting with dichloromethane to 4% methanol / dichloromethane) to afford the title compound (195mg). MS (ESI) m/z 450.3 [M+H]+
C: N-(1-Cvano-1-cvclopropylethyl)-3-((4-(4-(3-(cvclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluoro- benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide
3-((4-(4-Amino-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-N-(1-cyano-1-cyclopropyl- ethyl)benzamide (49mg, 0.109mmol) was stirred in dichloromethane at room temperature. 4-Nitrophenylchloroformate (22mg, 0.109mmol) was added and the reaction mix- ture stirred for 30 minutes. Cyclopropylmethylamine (23mg, 0.327mmol) was added and the reaction allowed to stir for 30 minutes at room temperature. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue purified by silica column chromatography to afford the title compound (25mg). MS (ESI) m/z 547.5 [M+H]+
Example 51
Radioligand Competition Binding Scintillation proximity assay.
This assay is used to evaluate the potency of compounds in their ability to compete with the binding of the agonist radioligand [3H] T0901317. This assay utilises purified ligand binding domain (LBD) of Liver X Receptor alpha (LXRα) fused to glutathione-S-transferase (GST) tagged protein (LXRα-LB D-GST) and scintillation proximity assay (SpA) technology to determine binding affinities (pKi) of compounds at the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the human nuclear hormone receptor LXRα. Protocol for expression of human LXRα-LBD-GST:
The ligand binding domain (LBD) of Liver X Receptor alpha (LXRα) was amplified by PCR and sub-cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-4T-1 (GE
Healthcare). Expression of LXRα from the pGEX-4T-1 plasmid in E. CoIi resulted in the production of a recombinant glutathione-S-transferase (GST) LXRα-LBD fusion protein. E.coli (containing the plasmid were propagated, induced, and harvested by centrifugation. The bacterial pellet was resuspended in lysis buffer (5OmM tris(hydroxy- methyl)aminomethane(TRIS)-pH 8.0, 10OmM sodium chloride (NaCI), 1mM ethylene- diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), one tablet of proteinase inhibitor cocktail complete/ EDTA free (Roche) (per 50ml of buffer). The mixture was sonicated on ice with a Branson sonifier. The suspension was centrifuged and dithiothreitol (DTT) added to the supernatant to obtain a final concentration of 25mM. Recombinant human LXRα-LBD- GST protein was purified from the resulting supernatant by affinity chromatography on Glutathione-Sepharose Fast flow (Amersham), and receptor was eluted with buffer containing glutathione (5OmM tris pH 8.0, 2mM DTT, 1OmM glutathione). Protein was stored in 2OmM N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic Acid (HEPES), 2mM DTT, 10% glycerol at -80°C. Binding to LXRg LBD
For each assay, an aliquot of recombinant human LXRα-LBD-GST protein diluted to 0.5μg/ml_ was incubated in a final volume of 100μl SpA buffer (10 mM potassium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous [K2HPO4] , 1OmM potassium phosphate monobasic [KH2PO4] , 2mM EDTA, 5OmM NaCI, 1 mM DTT, 2mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)- dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) ) containing Protein-A coupled, scintillant filled YtSi SpA beads (GE Healthcare), to a final concentration of 1mg/ml and Goat anti-GST antibody (GE Healthcare) to a final concentration of 5μg/ml. T0901317 was used as a reference in this assay with a Kd of 1OnM. To the assay 5OnM [3H]
T0901317 (50 Ci/mmol), + test compound was added and incubated at 15°C on a plate shaker for 2hr. After incubation, the assay plates are read on a Packard TopCount. The pKi value for T0901317 in this assay is: pKi 7.8 ± 0.2. T0901317 at a concentration of 1 μM was used as the maximum binding control. Active compounds show pKi values > 5.5 and preferred compounds show pKi values of >7 in this assay. LXRg Transactivation assay
Intracellular agonist activity was measured in vitro using recombinant Chinese hamster ovary K1 (CHO. K1 ) cells stably expressing human Estrogen receptor α/ Liver X receptor α chimeric receptor protein from a eukaryotic expression construct and a natural estrogen responsive element (ERE)-containing luciferase reporter construct. The ERα/LXRα chimeric receptor protein contains the human LXRα receptor ligand binding domain (LBD) fused to the human ERa receptor DNA binding domain (DBD). In this assay compounds that can bind to the LBD of the human LXRα receptor, are able to activate the ERα/LXRα chimeric receptor protein intracellular^. Following activation, the ERa DBD can induce ERE-mediated luciferase expression via a natural estrogen responsive element present in the rat oxytocin promotor luciferase construct. Using this system a LXR agonist-induced luciferase assay was generated using T0901317 as the agonist control. Constructs
Expression constructs were prepared by inserting the ligand binding domain (LBD) of human LXRα of human LXRα cDNA adjacent to the human ERa transcription factor DNA binding domain (DBD) to create pNGVLERαDBD-LXRαLBD. The pNGV1 mammalian expression construct (EMBL nucleotide sequence database file ASPNGV1 , ace. # X99274) carries a selection marker for Neomycin (G418). The ERa responsive rat oxytocin (RO) was used to generate the promoter construct, pROLUC, and contains several copies of the ERa response element (ERE) placed adjacent to the luciferase reporter gene. Construction of the promoter construct was based on the rat oxytocin gene regulatory region (position -363/+16) as a Hindi I/Mbol restriction enzyme fragment linked to the firefly luciferase encoding sequence. See Ivell and Richter., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 7: 2006-2010 (1984). A stable CHO. K1 cell line expressing both pNGVLERαDBD-LXRαLBD and pROLUC was generated following transfection and selection of positive expressing clones using Neomycin. The best cell line (CHO. K1 LXRα) was selected on the basis of agonist window in response to 3μM T0901317 and stability of response up to 20 passages. Assay of agonist activity of test compounds in LXRα transactivation assay.
CHO. K1 LXRα cells were seeded at a density of 25000 cells/well in 96 well plates in 200μl of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (phenol red free) containing 5% charcoal treated bovine calf serum at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. After 6 h, compounds were characterised by incubation with cells for 16 h across a concentration range. T0901317 at a concentration of 3μM was used as the maximum agonist control. Luciferase activity was determined using a Luciferase assay kit (Perkin Elmer) by addition of lysis buffer to each well and light emission measured using a Packard Topcount reader. The pEC5o value for T0901317 in this assay is: pEC5o = 7.0 ± 0.3. Agonist activities of test compounds were compared against the maximum agonist control. Preferred compounds of the invention were shown to have LXRα agonist activity using this assay protocol.

Claims

Claims.
1. A N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivative having the general formula I
Figure imgf000097_0001
Formula I wherein n is 1 or 2; A is a 6-membered aromatic ring optionally containing 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms; X is NR8, O or a bond;
Ri is H, (Ci-8)alkyl [optionally substituted with halogen, (C^alkyloxy, (Ci-4)alkyloxy- carbonyl, (C3_8)cycloalkyl, OH, CF3, cyano or NR9R10], (C2-6)alkenyl, (C2-6)alkynyl, (C3-8)cycloalkyl, phenyl [optionally substituted with
Figure imgf000097_0002
(d^)alkyloxy, halogen, CN, CF3, OCF3 or NO2], a 5- or 6-membered saturated heterocyclic group containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O and S, or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N [optionally substituted with (d-4)alkyl, (d^)alkyloxy, halogen or CF3]; or
R1 is (d-^alkyl substituted with phenyl [optionally substituted with (C1^)alkyl, (C1^)- alkyloxy, halogen or with 2 substituents at adjacent positions forming O-(CH2)n-O, wherein n is 1 or 2], a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N [optionally substituted with (d-^alkyl, (Ci-3)- alkyloxy or halogen], or a 5- or 6-membered saturated heterocyclic group containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected fron O, S and N [optionally substituted with (C-ι^)alkyl, (C1_4)alkyloxy, oxo, OH or halogen]; or when X is NR8, R1 may together with R8 and the N to which they are bonded form a
4-8 membered ring optionally containing a further heteroatom selected from O and S [and which ring is optionally substituted with OH, (C-ι^)alkyl, (C-ι^)alkyloxy or halogen]; R2 optionally represents 1-3 substituents independently selected from (C-ι^)alkyl, (C1_4)alkyloxy, CF3 and halogen; R3 optionally represents 1-4 substituents independently selected from (d^)alkyl and (d-4)alkyl substituted by OH or 1 or more halogens; R4 is H or (Ci_6)alkyl;
R5 optionally represents 1-3 substituents independently selected from (Ci-3)alkyl, (d-3)alkyloxy and halogen;
R6 is H, (d-6)alkyl [optionally substituted with halogen, CF3 or CN], (C3_6)cycloalkyl [optionally containing a heteroatom selected from O and S, and optionally substituted by CN or phenyl], (C3_e)cycloalkyl(d^)alkyl, or a 5- or 6-membered (hetero)aryl group, optionally linked through a methylene group, and optionally substituted with (Ci_4)alkyl,
Figure imgf000098_0001
halogen, CN, CF3, CF3O or NO2];
R7 is H or (Ci_3)alkyl; R8, when present, is H or (d_3)alkyl; or
Re together with Ri and the N to which they are bonded form a 4-8 membered ring optionally containing a further heteroatom selected from O and S [and which ring is optionally substituted with OH, (d_3)alkyl, (d_3)alkyloxy or halogen];
R9 and R10 are independently selected from H, (d_3)alkyl or (d_3)alkylcarbonyl; or R9 and R10 together with the N to which they are bonded form a 4-8 membered ring optionally containing a further heteroatom selected from O and S; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. The N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivative of claim 1 , wherein X is NH and n is 1.
3. The N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivative of claim 2, wherein A is phenyl.
4. The N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivative of claim 3, wherein R1 is (Ci-β)alkyl [optionally substituted with (C3_8)cycloalkyl], (C2-6)alkenyl, (C3_8)cycloalkyl or phenyl [optionally substituted with halogen].
5. The N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivative of claim 4, wherein R3 is absent or represents methyl, and wherein R5 is absent or represents halogen.
6. The N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivative of claim 5, wherein R6 is (d-^alkyl optionally substituted with CF3, and R7 is H.
7. The N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivative of claim 1 which is selected from
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cyclopropylmethyl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate; - N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-cyclobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide; - N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cyclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1 - yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-isobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-isopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cyclobutylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-butylureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide; - N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(2-cyclopropylethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1 - yl)methyl)benzamide;
- 3-((4-(4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2- methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide;
- 3-((4-(4-(3-butylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2- methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide;
- 3-((4-(4-(3-isobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2- methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide;
- 3-((4-(3-fluoro^-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,1- trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide; - 3-((4-(4-(3-(cyclopropylmethyl)ureido)-3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)-N-
(1 ,1 ,1 -trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-yl)benzamide hydrochoride;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-4-(3-cyclobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)- benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-4-(3-(cyclopropylmethyl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-4-(3-isobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide; - 1 -(3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)benzyl)-4-(3-chloro-4-(3- (cyclobutylmethyl)ureido)benzoyl)piperazine 1 -oxide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-butylureido)-3-chlorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide; - N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-4-(3-isopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 - yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(2,3-difluoro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(2,3-difluoro-4-(3-isopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-butylureido)-2,3-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(2,3-difluoro-4-(3-isobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide; - N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-(cyclopropylmethyl)ureido)-2,3-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-cyclobutylureido)-2,3-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide hydrochloride;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-4-(3-(cyclopropylmethyl)ureido)-2- fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1 -yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-4-(3-isobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-tert-butyl-3-((4-(4-(3-cyclobutylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-2- fluorobenzamide; - N-tert-butyl-2-fluoro-3-((4-(4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1 - yl)methyl)benzamide;
- N-cyclobutyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide; and
- (R)-N-sec-butyl-3-((4-(3-fluoro-4-(3-neopentylureido)benzoyl)piperazin-1- yl)methyl)benzamide; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivative of any one of claims 1 -7 and pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliaries.
9. The N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivative of any one of claims 1-7 for use in therapy.
10. Use of a N-benzyl,N'-arylcarbonylpiperazine derivative of any one of claims 1-7 for the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing atheosclerosis and related disorders associated with cholesterol and bile acids transport and metabolism.
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WO2010025179A1 (en) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-04 N.V. Organon 1-(4-ureidobenzoyl)piperazine derivatives
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JP5774984B2 (en) * 2009-04-29 2015-09-09 興和株式会社 Carbinol compounds having a heterocyclic linker
WO2011023773A1 (en) 2009-08-28 2011-03-03 Novartis Ag Compounds and compositions as protein kinase inhibitors
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