WO2009007007A1 - Process and plant for reducing solids containing iron oxide - Google Patents
Process and plant for reducing solids containing iron oxide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009007007A1 WO2009007007A1 PCT/EP2008/005133 EP2008005133W WO2009007007A1 WO 2009007007 A1 WO2009007007 A1 WO 2009007007A1 EP 2008005133 W EP2008005133 W EP 2008005133W WO 2009007007 A1 WO2009007007 A1 WO 2009007007A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- solids
- steam
- bed
- gas
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
- F27B15/02—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B15/10—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
- C21B11/06—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in rotary kilns
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0033—In fluidised bed furnaces or apparatus containing a dispersion of the material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
- F27B7/36—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
- F27B7/362—Introducing gas into the drum axially or through the wall
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the reduction of solids containing iron oxide, in particular titanium-containing ores, such as ilmenite, wherein the solids are introduced into a reactor in which they are reduced in the presence of a carbonaceous reducing agent at a temperature of 800 to 1200 0 C.
- the reduction of solids containing iron oxide conventionally is effected in rotary kilns or fluidized-bed reactors by means of carbonaceous reducing agents, such as e.g. coal.
- carbonaceous reducing agents such as e.g. coal.
- a process for the treatment of titanium-containing ores is known, in which the titanium-containing ore, in particular ilmenite (FeTiO 3 ) is introduced into a rotary kiln together with carbonaceous material, in particular coal.
- the reduction of the iron oxide chiefly is effected by means of carbon monoxide (CO), which is formed in the rotary kiln at elevated temperatures of about 950 0 C according to the Boudouard reaction
- the amount of H 2 produced depends on the release of H 2 by the coal or carbonaceous material introduced into the reactor and on the water content of the intro- Jerusalem solids. At the same time, the amount of reduction effected by the hydrogen is determined thereby.
- the water content of the solids is of secondary importance for the reduction, because the most part thereof has already been expelled in the temperature range in which reduction takes place and no longer is available for a reaction.
- patent 6,698,365 there is known an apparatus for the thermal treatment of wastes with superheated steam, in which the wastes are introduced into a first rotary kiln, in which they are dried by means of superheated steam. Subsequently, the solids are introduced into a second rotary kiln, in which the solids in turn are carbonized by means of superheated steam.
- This object substantially is solved with the invention in that steam is introduced into the reactor.
- steam is introduced into the reactor.
- hydrogen is formed at temperatures from about 400 0 C by the carbon-steam gasification reaction.
- This hydrogen additionally is available for the reduction of the ores containing iron oxide, wherein this reduction proceeds much faster than the reduction with CO and starts already at lower temperatures.
- the required retention time in the reduction reactor is reduced, which provides for a higher throughput capacity with the same furnace size.
- product quality is improved by the faster reduction, as a higher degree of metallization is achieved.
- feedstock all ores, ore concentrates and waste materials reducible with CO and/or H 2 can be used, e.g. nickel ore, zinc oxide wastes.
- iron- containing fine-grained materials are used. These can be pretreated, e.g. pre- oxidized, prereduced or processed, e.g. sintered, ores.
- ores or ore mixtures containing titanium or iron oxide are preferred, e.g. ilmenite or oxidized ilmenite F ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 * 2Ti ⁇ 2.
- the feedstock can be lump ore or pellets at a grain size below 25 mm, preferred below 18 mm, or micro pellets below 6 mm, preferred 2- 4 mm or ore concentrates.
- the concentrates are fine grained. Preferably they have a grain size below 6 mm, more preferably below 1 mm. If the ore is ilmenite, grain sizes below 400 ⁇ m and d 50 of about 100 - 250 mm are pre- ferred.
- reducing agent all substances which form hydrogen with steam can be used.
- Carbonaceous reducing agents are preferred, especially solid carbonaceous reducing agents, e.g. biomasses or products thereof (e.g. pyrolysis coke or charcoal) or coal and products thereof (such as low temperature carbonization products or coke). It is preferred, that the grain size of the reducing agent is below 40 mm, preferably below 20 mm, depending on the degradation of the reducing agent during the reaction. If finer carbonaceous reducing agents are needed, e.g. in fluid- ised beds, the preferred grain size is below 10 mm, more preferred below 6 mm.
- the steam is introduced into the reactor with a temperature of 100 to 150 0 C, preferably 120 to 14O 0 C and in particular about 130 0 C. It is not necessary to use superheated steam, so that the additional energy costs are minimized. In many cases, the temperature of the steam supplied advantageously corresponds to the temperature of one gas or of the further gases supplied.
- the steam is introduced in the reactor with a pressure of 0 to 5 bar, preferably 1 to 2 bar above the internal pressure of the re- actor. In particular an absolute pressure of 2 to 3 bar is preferred, when the reactor is operated at atmospheric pressure.
- steam from a steam system is particularly useful.
- low-pressure steam e.g. after the turbine of a power generation.
- the steam is generated in the waste heat utilization of the process.
- the reduction temperature in the furnace of mostly 1000 to 1150 0 C can be decreased by about 50 to 15O 0 C, so that the furnace in accordance with the invention can be operated at a temperature of about 900 to 1000 0 C.
- the bulk of material preferably mixed iron containing solids and solid carbonaceous reducing agent
- this moving bulk is caused by external forces, e.g. by stirrers, fluids or a rotating reactor. This movement also enforces mixing of the material, so that no individual layers of ore and solid carbonaceous reducing agent is inside the reactor. It is further preferred that this mixing of solids is done during the whole reaction until the solids leave the reactor.
- the reactor is a rotary kiln, which is traversed by the solids in a bed of material.
- the steam is introduced into the moving bed of material.
- the steam is introduced into the bed of material at several points distributed along the length of the furnace.
- the steam preferably can directly be injected into the fluidized bed.
- the steam preferably is injected into the reduction reactor.
- the reactor includes a gas supply tube, which in the lower region of the reactor extends vertically upwards into the turbulence mixing chamber and is surrounded by a stationary annular fluidized bed annularly formed around the gas supply tube, the steam is introduced into the gas supply tube in accordance with the invention.
- the steam can of course also be introduced into the re- actor at several points or form part of a fluidizing gas.
- This invention also extends to a plant for reducing solids containing iron oxide, which is suitable for performing a process of the invention and includes a reactor, in which the solids containing iron oxide are reduced in the presence of a carbo- naceous reducing agent at a temperature of 800 to 1200 0 C.
- the reactor includes a steam supply conduit for introducing additional steam.
- the reactor has a device for moving the solids inside of the reactor, e.g. a rotating reactor or a grid for the introduction of fluids into the reactor.
- the steam supply conduit opens into the bed of material in accordance with the invention, wherein preferably a plurality of steam supply conduits are provided, which are distributed along the length of the furnace.
- the steam supply conduit opens into the reduction reactor in accordance with the invention, whereas in the case of a stationary fluidized bed it opens into the fluidized bed.
- the steam supply conduit preferably opens into the gas supply tube. It is, however, also possible to introduce the steam into the stationary annular fluidized bed or laterally into the turbulence mixing chamber.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a plant for performing a process of the invention in accordance with a first embodiment by using a rotary kiln for reducing solids containing iron oxide
- Fig. 2 shows a plant in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention by using a stationary fluidized bed for reducing solids containing iron oxide
- Fig. 3 shows a plant in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention by using a circulating fluidized bed for reducing solids containing iron oxide, and
- Fig. 4 shows a plant in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention by using an annular fluidized bed for reducing solids containing iron oxide.
- a rotary kiln 1 is provided as reduction reactor, into which fine- grained solids containing iron oxide, in particular ilmenite, are introduced via a solids supply conduit 2.
- a carbonaceous reducing agent e.g. coal or precarbonized coal
- the mixed solids and the reducing agent form a material bed 4, which slowly travels through the rotary kiln 1 , and are withdrawn at its end via a discharge conduit 5.
- steam is introduced into the rotary kiln 1 with a temperature of about 130 0 C.
- combustion air also is added at several points distributed along the length of the rotary kiln 1.
- combustion air there can be used ambient air, air enriched with oxygen, some other oxygen-containing gas or e.g. technical oxygen.
- the waste gas can be discharged via a discharge conduit 8.
- a reduction reactor 10 includes a stationary fluidized bed 11 , to which fine-grained solids containing iron oxide, in particular ilmenite, are supplied via a solids supply conduit 12, and a suitable reducing agent, in particular coal, via a supply conduit 13.
- a fluidizing gas e.g. air
- a steam supply conduit 15 opens into the gas supply conduit 13, in order to supply additional steam to the fluidized bed 11 together with the fluidizing air.
- the steam can also laterally be injected into the fluidized bed 11 via the one or more steam supply conduit(s) 14.
- the reduced solids are withdrawn from the fluidized bed 11 via a discharge conduit 16.
- a circulating fluidized bed is provided.
- fine-grained solids containing iron oxide, in particular ilmenite are supplied via a solids supply conduit 21 , and a suitable reducing agent, in particular coal, is supplied via a supply conduit 22.
- the solids are fluidized by supplying a fluidizing gas, which is supplied via a gas supply conduit 23.
- the fluidized and reduced solids are discharged from the reduction reactor 20 via a passage 24 and separated from the fluidizing gas in a separator 25, in particular a cyclone.
- the separated solids are at least partly recirculated to the reduction reactor 20 via a return conduit 26.
- the rest is withdrawn via a discharge conduit 27.
- steam is injected into the reduction reactor 20.
- the steam can also be supplied wholly or in part via the supply conduit 23.
- an annular fluidized bed is formed in a reduction reactor 30, as described in detail for instance in DE 102 60 733 A1.
- a solids supply conduit 31 fine-grained solids containing iron oxide, in particular ilmenite, are introduced into the reduction reactor 30 and fluidized by means of fluidizing gas, which is supplied via a gas supply conduit 32, such that they form a stationary fluidized bed 33.
- a suitable reducing agent in particular coal, is introduced into the stationary fluidized bed 33 via a supply conduit 34.
- the reduction reactor 30 includes a vertical, preferably central gas supply tube 35, which is annularly surrounded by the stationary fluidized bed 33.
- a stream of gas is supplied, which upon passing through the upper orifice region of the central tube 35 entrains solids from the upper edge of the stationary fluidized bed 33 into a turbulence mix- ing chamber 36 formed above the stationary fluidized bed 33 and the central tube 35. Due to the banking of the fluidized bed in the annular fluidized bed with respect to the upper edge of the central tube 35, the fluidized solids flow over this edge to the central tube 35, whereby an intensively mixed suspension is formed. Due to the reduction of the flow velocity by the expansion of the gas jet and/or by im- pingement on one of the reactor walls, the entrained solids quickly lose velocity and fall back into the annular fluidized bed 33.
- a steam supply conduit 41 opens into the central gas supply conduit 35, so that additional steam together with the gas is introduced into the reduction reactor 30 through the central tube 35.
- additional steam into the annular fluidized bed 33 or into the turbulence mixing chamber 36.
- fluidizing gases or reaction gases can be used for the flu- idized beds.
- air technical oxygen
- inert gases such as nitrogen
- recycle gases of various compositions which contain e.g. CO, CO 2 , H 2 or water
- any mixtures of said gases with each other and with water or steam can be used.
- the finegrained solids containing iron oxide e.g. titanium-containing iron ores, such as ilmenite
- a carbonaceous reducing agent such as coal.
- other reducing agents can also be used, which together with water form hydrogen.
- additional steam is introduced into the reactor with a temperature of about 130 0 C and an excess pressure of 0 to 5 bar (at an absolute pressure of usually 1 to 6 bar).
- the same forms hydrogen (H 2 ), which together with the reduction gases CO and H 2 formed from coal can be utilized for reducing the iron ores.
- the chemical reactions take place at a lower temperature and with a higher veloc- ity, so that the retention time can be reduced with the plant size remaining the same.
- the temperature in the reactor can be reduced by 50 to 150°C as compared to conventional plants, which leads to a distinct saving of energy.
- Existing plants can easily be retrofitted for utilizing the process of the invention by providing a corresponding steam supply conduit. In the case of new plants, a smaller reactor can be used with the same throughput.
- the maximum temperature of the bed in the rotary kiln is about 1050 to
- the temperature of the gas space above the bed maximally is 1200 to
- coals which are used for the reduction have an ash softening temperature of 50 0 C above the maximum temperature, in order to avoid accretions in the rotary kiln.
- Many Australian coals e.g. Collie coal
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NZ582320A NZ582320A (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2008-06-25 | Process and plant for reducing solids containing iron oxide |
CN2008800240417A CN101688757B (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2008-06-25 | Process and plant for reducing solids containing iron oxide |
EA201000189A EA016472B1 (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2008-06-25 | Process and plant for reducing solids containing iron oxide |
EP08773640.1A EP2176614B1 (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2008-06-25 | Process and plant for reducing solids containing iron oxide |
AU2008274647A AU2008274647B2 (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2008-06-25 | Process and plant for reducing solids containing iron oxide |
BRPI0814561A BRPI0814561B1 (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2008-06-25 | process and factory to reduce solids containing iron oxide |
UAA201001322A UA100987C2 (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2008-06-25 | Method for reduction of solid substances that include iron oxide and installation for its realization |
CA2692943A CA2692943C (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2008-06-25 | Process and plant for reducing solids containing iron oxide |
ZA2009/09193A ZA200909193B (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2009-12-23 | Process and plant for reducing solids containing iron oxide |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007032419A DE102007032419B4 (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2007-07-10 | Process and plant for the reduction of iron oxide-containing solids |
DE102007032419.9 | 2007-07-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009007007A1 true WO2009007007A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
WO2009007007A9 WO2009007007A9 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
Family
ID=39708882
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2008/005133 WO2009007007A1 (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2008-06-25 | Process and plant for reducing solids containing iron oxide |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2176614B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101688757B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2008274647B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0814561B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2692943C (en) |
DE (1) | DE102007032419B4 (en) |
EA (1) | EA016472B1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ582320A (en) |
UA (1) | UA100987C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009007007A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200909193B (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010000088A (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2010-01-07 | Life Technologies Corp | Powder cell culture product containing lipid and method of production thereof |
KR101920517B1 (en) | 2011-07-06 | 2018-11-20 | 릴리 패튼트 엔.브이. | Vehicle for displacing feed |
CN111961785A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-20 | 山东墨龙石油机械股份有限公司 | Method for producing ultra-pure pig iron by iron bath smelting reduction method |
CN113832280A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-12-24 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Method and apparatus for producing reduced ilmenite |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108699624B (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2020-03-10 | 明特克公司 | Improved ilmenite smelting process |
CN112088142A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2020-12-15 | 米德雷克斯技术公司 | Oxygen injection system for direct reduction process |
WO2021184078A1 (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2021-09-23 | Technological Resources Pty. Limited | Biomass direct reduced iron |
CN111733336B (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-24 | 湖南碳谷装备制造有限公司 | Preparation process and system for producing high-grade titanium-rich material by utilizing ilmenite |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3562780A (en) * | 1967-09-05 | 1971-02-09 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Temperature control of iron ore reducing fluidized beds |
JPS57188607A (en) | 1981-05-14 | 1982-11-19 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Fluidized-bed reducing method for iron ore for manufacturing reduced iron and fuel gas simultaneously |
US5403379A (en) | 1992-05-15 | 1995-04-04 | Rgc Mineral Sands Limited | Reduction of titaniferous ores and apparatus |
JPH11209811A (en) | 1998-01-28 | 1999-08-03 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Fluidized bed furnace |
US6698365B2 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2004-03-02 | S.T.M. Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for thermal treatment using superheated steam |
WO2004057039A1 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2004-07-08 | Outokumpu Technology Oy | Method and plant for the heat treatment of solids containing iron oxide using a fluidized bed reactor |
Family Cites Families (7)
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DE91602C (en) * | ||||
DE974860C (en) * | 1951-08-25 | 1961-05-18 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Method of operating shafts for reducing ores |
US4261734A (en) * | 1979-09-04 | 1981-04-14 | Hylsa, S.A. | Method of making sponge iron |
US4260412A (en) * | 1980-01-16 | 1981-04-07 | Midrex Corporation | Method of producing direct reduced iron with fluid bed coal gasification |
CA1336359C (en) * | 1987-11-02 | 1995-07-25 | Corporacion Venezolana De Guayana (Cvg) | Method and apparatus for the direct reduction of iron |
CN1733943A (en) * | 2004-08-10 | 2006-02-15 | 孔凡逸 | Method and device for manufacturing reduced iron using microwave fluid bed |
AU2006207788A1 (en) * | 2005-01-18 | 2006-07-27 | Enquest Power Corporation | Method for steam reforming carbonaceous material |
-
2007
- 2007-07-10 DE DE102007032419A patent/DE102007032419B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-06-25 AU AU2008274647A patent/AU2008274647B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-06-25 CN CN2008800240417A patent/CN101688757B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-25 WO PCT/EP2008/005133 patent/WO2009007007A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-06-25 NZ NZ582320A patent/NZ582320A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-06-25 UA UAA201001322A patent/UA100987C2/en unknown
- 2008-06-25 CA CA2692943A patent/CA2692943C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-25 EA EA201000189A patent/EA016472B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-06-25 EP EP08773640.1A patent/EP2176614B1/en active Active
- 2008-06-25 BR BRPI0814561A patent/BRPI0814561B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2009
- 2009-12-23 ZA ZA2009/09193A patent/ZA200909193B/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3562780A (en) * | 1967-09-05 | 1971-02-09 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Temperature control of iron ore reducing fluidized beds |
JPS57188607A (en) | 1981-05-14 | 1982-11-19 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Fluidized-bed reducing method for iron ore for manufacturing reduced iron and fuel gas simultaneously |
US5403379A (en) | 1992-05-15 | 1995-04-04 | Rgc Mineral Sands Limited | Reduction of titaniferous ores and apparatus |
JPH11209811A (en) | 1998-01-28 | 1999-08-03 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Fluidized bed furnace |
US6698365B2 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2004-03-02 | S.T.M. Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for thermal treatment using superheated steam |
WO2004057039A1 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2004-07-08 | Outokumpu Technology Oy | Method and plant for the heat treatment of solids containing iron oxide using a fluidized bed reactor |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010000088A (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2010-01-07 | Life Technologies Corp | Powder cell culture product containing lipid and method of production thereof |
KR101920517B1 (en) | 2011-07-06 | 2018-11-20 | 릴리 패튼트 엔.브이. | Vehicle for displacing feed |
CN111961785A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-20 | 山东墨龙石油机械股份有限公司 | Method for producing ultra-pure pig iron by iron bath smelting reduction method |
CN111961785B (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2021-12-24 | 山东墨龙石油机械股份有限公司 | Method for producing ultra-pure pig iron by iron bath smelting reduction method |
CN113832280A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-12-24 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Method and apparatus for producing reduced ilmenite |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2008274647B2 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
BRPI0814561B1 (en) | 2016-10-25 |
DE102007032419B4 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
EA201000189A1 (en) | 2010-06-30 |
EA016472B1 (en) | 2012-05-30 |
EP2176614A1 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
NZ582320A (en) | 2012-03-30 |
WO2009007007A9 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
CA2692943A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
BRPI0814561A2 (en) | 2015-01-06 |
DE102007032419A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
CN101688757B (en) | 2012-02-08 |
AU2008274647A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
UA100987C2 (en) | 2013-02-25 |
CN101688757A (en) | 2010-03-31 |
EP2176614B1 (en) | 2014-10-08 |
ZA200909193B (en) | 2011-02-23 |
CA2692943C (en) | 2015-08-04 |
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