WO2009000657A2

WO2009000657A2 - Component comprising a ceramic layer containing a dye and method for the production thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2009000657A2
Application number: PCT/EP2008/057339
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jens Dahl Jensen; Ursus KRÜGER; Daniel Körtvelyessy; Ralph Reiche; Gabriele Winkler
Original assignee: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2007-06-27
Filing date: 2008-06-12
Publication date: 2008-12-31
Also published as: WO2009000657A3; DE102007030588A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a component (12) comprising a layer (11) that forms the surface (13) and that is made of several sub-layers (14a, 14b). According to the invention, only certain sub-layers (14b) of the layer (11) are provided with nanoparticles (15b) of a predetermined dye or several predetermined dyes. Advantageously, the dyed sub-layers (14b) come to the surface in the event of wear and tear (18) enabling the state of wear and tear of the layer (11) to be inspected in a simple optical manner. The invention also relates to a method for producing said layers that are formed, preferably, from preceramic precursors.

Description

description

Component with a dye-containing ceramic layer and method for their preparation

The invention relates to a component having a ceramic layer forming the surface, wherein the layer is composed of a plurality of layers and incorporated in the microstructure of the layer nanoparticles of a particular dye.

Such a component is for example from DE

10 2005 047 739 B3 known. This is a

Turbine blade having a preferably multi-layered layer. The layers of such turbine blades have different functions, including the thermal load on the turbine blade and a corrosive attack to prevent or at least reduce. However, despite the effect of such layers, thermal overloading of the blade can not be completely ruled out due to operational reasons. In this case, a dye in the form of nanoparticles is contained in the layer matrix, which causes a color change in thermal stresses that are too large for the component. In this way, a ther- mal overload of the turbine blade can also nachwei ^¬ sen when the state it has been overload already canceled.

The object of the invention is to specify a component with a ceramic layer forming the surface, in the matrix of which nanoparticles of a particular dye are incorporated, which permit extended statements about the state of the layer. This object is achieved by the initially mentioned component ^¬ he inventively characterized in that the nanoparticles are incorporated into the structural matrix of a layer, adjacent to the layers that have an identical structural matrix without this dye. As a result, it is possible to precisely set the depth range of the layer in which the nanoparticles are to be incorporated by means of a multilayer structure. This depends only on the thickness of the layer in which the nanoparticles of the particular dye are incorporated, and the adjacent layers. Is the depth of the nanoparticles ^¬ superimposed exactly known, so a color change of the surface layer can be regarded as a particular state of wear of the layer. With wear state is meant in this context, a removal of the layer surface. For example, the location may be with the nanoparticles of a ^¬ be approved dye provided in a layer depth, which is considered borderline for the necessity of the exchange of a particular component. As soon as the dye shows on the surface of the layer, this means that an exchange of the relevant component is due. Such a color change can be done just as well by a visual inspection of a ge ^¬ trained observer, as by an automatic optical inspection (AOI). The fiction, modern ^¬ component can be produced particularly advantageously by using a coating material is applied which consist of Kera ^¬ mix precursors for the ceramic to be produced, a suitable solvent for these precursors and the nanoparticles of the specific dye. In a subsequent heat treatment, the solvent is evaporated and initiated a reaction in which the ceramic precursors react to the desired ceramic. In this case, the dye must have a temperature stability, so that he endures the heat treatment to form the ceramic layer layer. The method of applying ceramic precursors to metallic components to form ceramic layers on these components is known per se, and is described, for example, in US 2002/0086111 A1, WO 2004/013378 A1, US 2002/0041928 A1, US Pat WO 03/021004 A1 and WO 2004/104261 Al. The processes described in these documents are concerned with the production of ceramic coatings on components in general, using ceramic precursors of the ceramics to be produced, which are converted to the ceramic to be formed after application by a heat treatment for the purpose of layer formation.

The precursors for the ceramics, which are often referred to as precursor, include the materials that make up the ceramic material of the trainee layer and also have components that in the context of the running during the heat treatment of the Besichtungsstoffes chemical conversion to a Crosslinking of the ceramic material lead. Examples of ceramic precursors can be found in the documents listed in the prior art and must be selected depending on the application.

For example, it is possible that the ceramic to be formed consists of an oxide or a nitride. The formation of oxides, nitrides or oxynitrides can advantageously produce particularly stable layers. The precursors of such ceramics must provide the elements N and O, respectively, for the formation of the oxide, nitridic or oxynitridic ceramics. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that nanoparticles of another dye are incorporated in at least one of the adjacent layers. Here ^¬ by advantageous additional statements are possible. So z. B. the progressive Schichtabtrag be followed in layers with ^¬ , since every time a new situation is reached, a color change is observed. Particularly advantageous ^¬ way if a plurality of different dyes einan- in the successive layers in the form of nanoparticles of the alternate is. Thus, a restriction to a certain number of dyes can be guaranteed (at least two different dyes) and yet be followed by a ^republished color change of the progressive Schichtabtrag after ^¬ .

It is also possible that layers with and without nanoparticles of a particular dye are provided alternately. In this case, only one dye is necessary to observe a progressive Schichtabtrags, as in turn a color change to the color of the dye and the original color of the component takes place. By a change of color ^¬ materials in the layers or an alternating layers with and without provision of dyes, it is also possible to create by a visual inspection of a type of ablation profile. If the surface of the layer viewed from a nearly perpendicular angle, then the profile results similar to the Hö ^¬ henlinien on a map, as with progressive wear of the layer, the layers provided with a dye are punctured. As a result, removal cards can also be created during operation of the relevant components, which, for example, make it clear that a need exists to reinforce the layer in heavily stressed regions of the component. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a layer on a component, in which a layer of the layer is produced by applying to the component a coating material consisting of a solvent, the dissolved precursors of a ceramic and dispersed nanoparticles. The provided with the coating material of construction ^¬ part is then subjected to a heat treatment in which the solvent evaporates and the precursors of the ceramic under incorporation of the nanoparticles umgewan- be punched in the ceramic sheet. Such a method is described in the initially set ^¬ led prior art. This produces layers that are also referred to as C3 coatings by various manufacturers.

The object of the invention is further to provide a manufacturing process for layers with nanoparticles, with the layers can be produced which extended information about the condition of the layer during operation he ^¬ possible. This object is achieved with the method-called in that nanoparticles of a color substance ^¬ be used, are the adjacent layers provided with the nanoparticles position without these nanoparticles Herge ^¬ represents. As a result, it is possible to produce layers which, as already mentioned, have nanoparticles of a specific material in a depth region of the layer which is to be precisely delimited. Therefore, accurate information about the state of wear layer are comparatively possible once the color ^¬ material is exposed at the surface.

An embodiment of the method provides that the Benach ^¬ disclosed documents will be made ^¬ without any coloring nanoparticles ago. Another embodiment of the invention provides that the adjacent layers are produced with nanoparticles of another dye. This will achieves the already mentioned advantages that can be displayed visually as the wear of the layer height profiles that allow a precise optical analysis of the wear state Ver ^¬ .

Further details of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. Identical or corresponding drawing elements are each provided with the same Bezugszei ^¬ chen and are only explained several times as far as differences arise between the individual figures. In the drawings Figures 1 to 4 show different Ausführungsbei ^¬ play of the layer according to the invention with several layers and different layer sequences with and without nanoparticles of one or more of certain dyes in section.

All multi-layer layers 11 are produced on an indicated component 12 and each form its surface 13. According to FIG. 1, three layers 14a are produced without nanoparticles of a particular dye. A layer 14b is doped with nanoparticles 15b of a particular dye, which are incorporated into the matrix of this layer. With a progressive wear of the surface 13, the subsequent to the surface layer 14a is slowly consumed. This is removed down to the position 14b, there is a color change, said layer thickness then a degree he ^¬ ranges, which requires an exchange of the component or a retrieval ^¬ preparation of the layer. The layer 11 could be, for example, a temperature protection for a turbine blade.

In Figure 2, a layer 11 with a layer sequence is Darge ^¬ provides at which nanoparticle 15b of a single specific dye alternate layers 14a without a dye layers 14b to each other. Not shown, but also possible Lieh are layer sequences with another pattern change, so z. B. two layers 14a without a dye, and following it, always a layer 14b with nanoparticles of a limited hours ^¬ th dye.

With reference to Figure 2 will continue to be shown how a wear-related ablation of the individual layers is visualized without problems. If the surface 13 is viewed in the direction of the indicated arrow 16, then the cut surfaces 17 of an abrasive wear stress 18 indicated by dot-dash lines appear like the contour lines on a map. If the wear load 18, for example, pit-shaped, as shown in Figure 2, so bil ^¬ which the contour lines approximately concentric circles, which, moreover, clearly the shape of the stress ^¬ point to point. By evaluating such a wear profile it can also be determined in which areas of a component subject to wear the construction of a larger layer thickness is necessary.

The embodiment according to FIG. 3 is very similar to that of FIG. Instead of the layers without a dye, however, layers 14c with nanoparticles of another specific dye are provided here in alternation with the layers 14b with nanoparticles of a specific material.

4 shows another embodiment of the OF INVENTION ^¬ to the invention layer 11 is shown, in which each of the successive layers 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f other nanoparticle Tikel a specific dye 15b, 15c, 15d, 15e, 15f. This has the advantage that, depending on the color of the current layer surface is to determine directly to what extent the removal of the layer is already advanced. For this purpose, only the knowledge of the layer structure is necessary so the current surface color of the layer can be assigned to a specific layer depth.

Possible dyes are preferably ceramic compounds, as described in the already mentioned DE

10 2005 047 739 B3. For the implementation of the method, two examples with selected dyes are mentioned below, wherein the coating materials are referred to herein as precursor. The percentages are understood as mass percentages.

Example 1:

1st step: Preparation of a base precursor 1 consisting of 70% zirconium (IV) 2-ethylhexanoate, 3% yttrium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate and 27% propionic acid

2nd step: Preparation of a base precursor 2 consisting of the binder (58% zirconium (IV) 2-ethylhexanoate, 3% yttrium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate and 39% hexanoic acid) and 1% iron (III) oxide to produce a red color

3rd step: Preparation of a cover precursor consisting of the binder (58% zirconium (IV) 2-ethylhexanoate, 3% yttrium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate and 39% hexanoic acid) and 2% nanoaluminum oxide, and 1% CrAlCo oxide for the petrol-green color of the topcoat

4th step: Apply base precursors 1 and 2 to the cleaned workpiece surface

5th step: heating and cooling

Step 6: Apply the deck precursor

7th step: heating and cooling At game 2:

1st step: Preparation of a base precursor 1 consisting of 58% zirconium (IV) 2-ethylhexanoate, 3% yttrium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate and 39% acetic acid and 1% CrAlCo oxide for petrol-green dyeing

2nd step: Preparation of a cover precursor consisting of the binder (58% zirconium (IV) -2-ethylhexanoate, 3%

Yttrium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate and 39% hexanoic acid) and 2% nano-alumina and 2% palladium-doped silver as nano- or microparticles.

4th step: applying the Basisprecursors 1 to gerei ^¬ nigte workpiece surface

5th step: heating and cooling

Step 6: Apply the deck precursor

7th step: heating and cooling

Claims

claims

1 component having a surface forming a ceramic layer (11), said layer (11) from a plurality of layers is built up (14a to 14f) and in the structural matrix of the layer nanoparticles (15b) of a particular dye a ^¬ are built, characterized in that the nanoparticles (15b) are incorporated into the matrix of a layer (14b) adjacent to the layers (14a) having an identical matrix without said dye.

2. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that in at least one of the adjacent layers of nanoparticles (15c) of another dye are incorporated.

3. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that in the successive layers (14a to 14f) a plurality of different dyes in the form of nanoparticles (15a to 15f) alternate with each other.

4. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that layers (14a to 14f) are provided alternately with and without nanoparticles (15b) of a particular dye.

5. A method for producing a layer (11) on a component (12), in which a layer (14b) of the layer is produced by - On the component (12) a coating material, consisting of a solvent, the dissolved precursors of a ceramic and dispersed nanoparticles, is applied, and

the component (15a to 15f) provided with the coating material is subjected to a heat treatment in which the

Solvent evaporates and the precursors of the ceramic are incorporated with the incorporation of the nanoparticles (14a to 14f) in the ceramic layer (14b), characterized in that nanoparticles (14a to 14f) of a dye are used, wherein adjacent layers (14a) of the with the Nanoparti ^¬ angle (14a to 14f) provided layer (14b) without these nanoparticles (14a to 14f) are produced.

6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the adjacent layers (14a) are produced without any colorant nanoparticles.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the adjacent layers (14a) are prepared with nanoparticles (15c) of another dye.