WO2008154889A1 - Method for the removal of fiber-reinforced plastics made of at least two different materials - Google Patents

Method for the removal of fiber-reinforced plastics made of at least two different materials Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008154889A1
WO2008154889A1 PCT/DE2007/001081 DE2007001081W WO2008154889A1 WO 2008154889 A1 WO2008154889 A1 WO 2008154889A1 DE 2007001081 W DE2007001081 W DE 2007001081W WO 2008154889 A1 WO2008154889 A1 WO 2008154889A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fiber
removal
matrix material
laser
fibers
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2007/001081
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Udo Freyaldenhoven
Olav Schulz
Original Assignee
Slcr Lasertechnik Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Slcr Lasertechnik Gmbh filed Critical Slcr Lasertechnik Gmbh
Priority to PCT/DE2007/001081 priority Critical patent/WO2008154889A1/en
Priority to DE112007003624T priority patent/DE112007003624A5/en
Publication of WO2008154889A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008154889A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C73/00—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D
    • B29C73/24—Apparatus or accessories not otherwise provided for
    • B29C73/245—Apparatus or accessories not otherwise provided for for removing the element having caused the damage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C73/00—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D
    • B29C73/04—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D using preformed elements
    • B29C73/10—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D using preformed elements using patches sealing on the surface of the article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C73/00—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D
    • B29C73/24—Apparatus or accessories not otherwise provided for
    • B29C73/26—Apparatus or accessories not otherwise provided for for mechanical pretreatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/16—Composite materials, e.g. fibre reinforced
    • B23K2103/166—Multilayered materials
    • B23K2103/172—Multilayered materials wherein at least one of the layers is non-metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/30—Organic material
    • B23K2103/42—Plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C73/00—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D
    • B29C73/24—Apparatus or accessories not otherwise provided for
    • B29C73/26—Apparatus or accessories not otherwise provided for for mechanical pretreatment
    • B29C2073/264—Apparatus or accessories not otherwise provided for for mechanical pretreatment for cutting out or grooving the area to be repaired

Definitions

  • the laser beam used in the first step is designed so that due to its physical properties (wavelength, intensity) its removal rate in the matrix material is significantly above the corresponding removal rate in the fiber material.
  • the thus exposed fibers can now be removed by mechanical methods (e.g., brushing).
  • the fibers can be cut at the point where they emerge from the remaining matrix material with a laser.
  • These cuts are preferably made with a laser (for example YAG laser) whose radiation, due to its physical properties (wavelength, intensity), has a significantly higher removal rate in the fiber material than the laser for removing the matrix material.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the defined planar removal of individual layers of fiber-reinforced plastics, which are made of at least two different materials. Fiber and matrix materials are processed selectively in individual, separate operations such that a sharp-edged, cascaded removal is possible (FIG. 4). In contrast to the purely mechanical methods common at the present time, the original layer structure can be restored in the areas of repair at a relatively low cost.

Description

Beschreibung: Description:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum definierten flächigen Abtragen einzelnen Schichten von faserverstärkten Kunststoffen, die aus mindestens zwei unterschiedlichen Materialien bestehen.The invention relates to a method for the defined surface removal of individual layers of fiber-reinforced plastics, which consist of at least two different materials.
Z. Z. werden beschädigte oder fehlerhaft gefertigte Bauteile in dem zu reparierenden Bereich manuell mechanisch bearbeitet. Da beim z. Z. üblichen manuellem Schleifen der Abtrag nicht Stufenweise erfolgt (Bild 5) und in die Abtragstiefe nur schwer zu kontrollieren ist, kann der ursprüngliche Schichtaufbau nicht wieder hergestellt werden. Dies hat eine erhebliche Veränderung der mechanischen Bauteileigenschaften an dieser Stelle zur Folge. Da es sich bei den Bauteilen in der Regel um 3-Dimensionale Freiformflächen handelt ist eine automatisierte mechanische Bearbeitung (Schleifen, Fräsen) nicht bzw. nur mit einem sehr hohen Aufwand an Messtechnik und Maschinenbau möglich.Currently, damaged or incorrectly manufactured components in the area to be repaired are manually machined. Since the z. Z. usual manual grinding the removal is not gradual (Figure 5) and in the excavation depth is difficult to control, the original layer structure can not be restored. This results in a significant change in the mechanical component properties at this point. Since the components are generally 3-dimensional free-form surfaces, automated mechanical processing (grinding, milling) is not possible or only possible with a very high expenditure on measuring technology and mechanical engineering.
Um ein optimales Bearbeitungsergebnis zu erzielen müssen die einzelnen Schichten stufenweise entfernt werden (Schaffung, Bild 4). In diese Stufen können dann vorgefertigte Reparaturmatten mit der entsprechender Größe und Dicke eingelegt und verklebt werden.In order to achieve an optimal processing result, the individual layers must be removed step by step (creation, Figure 4). In these stages then prefabricated repair mats can be inserted and glued with the appropriate size and thickness.
Bei dem Verfahren im Sinne der Erfindung werden die stark von einander abweichenden physikalischen Eigenschaften des Matrixmaterials und der Verstärkungsfasem ausgenutzt, um das Material schichtweise zu entfernen. Im Einzelnen sind dies das Absorbtionsverhalten für elektromagnetische Strahlung, die Wärmeleitfähigkeit und die Temperaturbeständigkeit. Die mit einem Laser (z.B. CO2-Laser) erzeugte. Strahlung wird über optische Komponenten mit hoher Intensität auf die Oberfläche des zu bearbeitenden Werkstückes gebracht und über die zu bearbeitenden Fläche gescannt. Das auf der Oberfläche vorhandene Kunstharz absorbiert diese Strahlung in einer sehr dünnen Schicht und erhitzt sich dadurch so stark, das es sich in größten Teils gasförmige Bestandteile zersetzt, die über ein Filter abgesaugt werden können. Der im ersten Schritt verwendete Laserstrahl ist so gestaltet, dass aufgrund seiner physikalischen Eigenschaften (Wellenlänge, Intensität) seine Abtragsrate im Matrixmaterial deutlich über der entsprechenden Abtragsrate im Fasermaterial liegt. Die so freigelegten Fasern können nun durch mechanische Verfahren (z.B. Bürsten) entfernt werden. Um einen möglichst scharfkantigen, stufenförmigen Abtrag (Schaffung) zu erreichen, können die Fasern an der Stelle an der sie aus dem verbleibenden Matrixmaterial austreten mit einem Laser zerschnitten werden. Diese Schnitte werden vorzugsweise mit einem Laser erzeugt (z.B. YAG-Laser) dessen Strahlung aufgrund ihrer physikalischen Eigenschaften (Wellenlänge, Intensität) eine deutlich höhere Abtragsrate im Fasermaterial hat als der Laser zum Abtrag des Matrixmaterials.In the method according to the invention, the strongly divergent physical properties of the matrix material and the reinforcing fibers are exploited in order to remove the material in layers. Specifically, these are the Absorbtionsverhalten for electromagnetic radiation, thermal conductivity and temperature resistance. The laser generated with a laser (e.g., CO2 laser). Radiation is applied to the surface of the workpiece to be machined via optical components with high intensity and scanned over the surface to be processed. The resin present on the surface absorbs this radiation in a very thin layer and thereby heats up so much that it decomposes in the majority of gaseous components that can be sucked through a filter. The laser beam used in the first step is designed so that due to its physical properties (wavelength, intensity) its removal rate in the matrix material is significantly above the corresponding removal rate in the fiber material. The thus exposed fibers can now be removed by mechanical methods (e.g., brushing). In order to achieve as sharp as possible, step-like removal (creation), the fibers can be cut at the point where they emerge from the remaining matrix material with a laser. These cuts are preferably made with a laser (for example YAG laser) whose radiation, due to its physical properties (wavelength, intensity), has a significantly higher removal rate in the fiber material than the laser for removing the matrix material.
Nach Entfernung aller freiliegenden Fasern ist nun eine komplette Schicht Fasern und Matrix entfernt. Durch wiederholen der beiden zu vor genannten Schritte, kann so stufenweise ins Material hinein gearbeitet werden.After removal of all exposed fibers, a complete layer of fibers and matrix is now removed. By repeating the above two steps, you can gradually work into the material.
Um Bauteilbereiche zu schützen die nicht weiter abgetragen werden sollen, können diese mit geeigneten Materialien (z.B. Metallfolien) maskiert werden. Hierdurch können, unabhängig von der Genauigkeit der Laserpositionierung, scharf abgegrenzte Flächen, entsprechend der vorgefertigten Reparaturmatten, erzeugt werden.To protect component areas that are not to be removed further, they may be masked with suitable materials (e.g., metal foils). In this way, regardless of the accuracy of the laser positioning, sharply demarcated areas, corresponding to the prefabricated repair mats, are generated.
Durch dieses Verfahren ist es möglich faserverstärkte Kunststoffe, wie sie z.B. bei der Herstellung von Luftfahrzeugen eingesetzt werden, in Bereichen in denen sie beschädigt sind, schichtweise zu entfernen. Anschließend kann der ursprüngliche, schichtweise Aufbau mit einfachen Mitteln wieder Hergestellt werden. Ein so repariertes Bauteil weist somit die annähernd gleichen mechanischen Eigenschaften wie das originale Bauteil auf. By this method it is possible to use fiber reinforced plastics such as e.g. used in the manufacture of aircraft, in areas where they are damaged to remove layers. Subsequently, the original, layered structure can be restored with simple means. A component repaired in this way thus has approximately the same mechanical properties as the original component.

Claims

Patentansprüche: claims:
1 ) Verfahren zum definierten, flächigen Abtragen einzelner Schichten von faserverstärkten Kunststoffen, die aus mindestens zwei unterschiedlichen Materialien bestehen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch Ausnutzung der unterschiedlichen physikalische Eigenschaften des Faser- und des Matrixmaterials, zuerst das Matrixmaterial entfernt wird (Bild 1 ), ohne die Fasern zu beschädigen und in einem zweiten Schritt, die jetzt freiliegenden Fasern entfernt werden (Bild 3), ohne die darunter liegende Matrixschicht zu beschädigen.1) A method for the defined, areal removal of individual layers of fiber-reinforced plastics, which consist of at least two different materials, characterized in that by exploiting the different physical properties of the fiber and the matrix material, first the matrix material is removed (Figure 1), without damage the fibers and in a second step, the now exposed fibers are removed (Figure 3) without damaging the underlying matrix layer.
2) Ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch Wiederholen dieser beiden Schritte eine beliebig dicke Schicht entfernt wird (Bild 4).2) A method according to claim 1, characterized in that by repeating these two steps, an arbitrarily thick layer is removed (Figure 4).
3) Ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schichten durch Bestrahlung mit Laserstrahlen unterschiedlicher Wellenlänge entfernt werden. Wobei eine Wellenlänge vorzugsweise zur Bearbeitung des Matrixmaterials und die zweite vorzugsweise zur Bearbeitung der Fasern geeignet ist.3) A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the layers are removed by irradiation with laser beams of different wavelengths. Wherein one wavelength is preferably suitable for processing the matrix material and the second is preferably suitable for processing the fibers.
4) Ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mit einem C02- Laser das Matrixmaterial entfernt wird und mit einem Nd-YAG-Laser die dann freiliegenden Fasern, durch aufbringen parallel verlaufenden Schnitten quer zur Faserrichtung abgetrennt (Bild 2)und anschließend entfernt werden.4) A method according to claim 1, characterized in that with a CO 2 laser, the matrix material is removed and separated with an Nd-YAG laser, the then exposed fibers by applying parallel cuts across the grain direction (Figure 2) and then removed ,
5) Ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mit einem C02- Laser das Matrixmaterial entfernt wird und mit einem mechanischen Verfahren (Bürsten) die dann freiliegenden Fasern entfernt werden.5) A method according to claim 1, characterized in that with a CO 2 laser, the matrix material is removed and with a mechanical method (brushing) the then exposed fibers are removed.
6) Ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bereich des Bauteils der nicht bearbeitet werden soll durch geeignetes maskier Material abgedeckt wird. 6) A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the area of the component which is not to be processed is covered by suitable masking material.
PCT/DE2007/001081 2007-06-19 2007-06-19 Method for the removal of fiber-reinforced plastics made of at least two different materials WO2008154889A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE2007/001081 WO2008154889A1 (en) 2007-06-19 2007-06-19 Method for the removal of fiber-reinforced plastics made of at least two different materials
DE112007003624T DE112007003624A5 (en) 2007-06-19 2007-06-19 Process for the removal of fiber-reinforced plastics, which consist of at least two different materials

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE2007/001081 WO2008154889A1 (en) 2007-06-19 2007-06-19 Method for the removal of fiber-reinforced plastics made of at least two different materials

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2977190A1 (en) * 2014-07-24 2016-01-27 Airbus Operations GmbH Method and device for mending damaged areas in fibre composite components
DE102014119069A1 (en) * 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Method for introducing a depression or a cutout into a textile semifinished product of a fiber-reinforced plastic part and method for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic part
DE102018220637A1 (en) * 2018-11-29 2020-06-04 Thyssenkrupp Ag Process for processing fiber composite components and fiber composite component
CN112708158A (en) * 2019-10-25 2021-04-27 凤凰电机公司 FRP processing method
DE102020213934A1 (en) 2020-11-05 2022-05-05 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein Process for separating or forming a kerf in fiber composite components using laser radiation

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US3604890A (en) * 1969-10-15 1971-09-14 Boeing Co Multibeam laser-jet cutting apparatus
DE3903153A1 (en) * 1989-02-02 1990-08-09 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Surface treatment of fibre composite materials
EP0544398A1 (en) * 1991-10-15 1993-06-02 British Aerospace Public Limited Company An apparatus for laser processing of composite structures
DE4140087A1 (en) * 1991-12-05 1993-06-09 Kabelmetal Electro Gmbh, 3000 Hannover, De Removing plastic from the ends of glass fibre - by burning with focussed laser beam
EP0987570A1 (en) * 1998-09-18 2000-03-22 The Whitaker Corporation Process for cutting an optical fiber
DE102005055330A1 (en) * 2005-11-16 2007-05-31 Fachhochschule Jena Engraving of patterns into a textile based coating for such as glass articles is made using a controlled laser beam

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3604890A (en) * 1969-10-15 1971-09-14 Boeing Co Multibeam laser-jet cutting apparatus
DE3903153A1 (en) * 1989-02-02 1990-08-09 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Surface treatment of fibre composite materials
EP0544398A1 (en) * 1991-10-15 1993-06-02 British Aerospace Public Limited Company An apparatus for laser processing of composite structures
DE4140087A1 (en) * 1991-12-05 1993-06-09 Kabelmetal Electro Gmbh, 3000 Hannover, De Removing plastic from the ends of glass fibre - by burning with focussed laser beam
EP0987570A1 (en) * 1998-09-18 2000-03-22 The Whitaker Corporation Process for cutting an optical fiber
DE102005055330A1 (en) * 2005-11-16 2007-05-31 Fachhochschule Jena Engraving of patterns into a textile based coating for such as glass articles is made using a controlled laser beam

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2977190A1 (en) * 2014-07-24 2016-01-27 Airbus Operations GmbH Method and device for mending damaged areas in fibre composite components
DE102014214570A1 (en) * 2014-07-24 2016-01-28 Airbus Operations Gmbh Method and device for repairing damage to fiber composite components
US10538073B2 (en) 2014-07-24 2020-01-21 Airbus Operations Gmbh Method and device for mending damaged areas in fiber composite components
DE102014119069A1 (en) * 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Method for introducing a depression or a cutout into a textile semifinished product of a fiber-reinforced plastic part and method for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic part
DE102014119069B4 (en) * 2014-12-18 2016-08-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Method for introducing a depression or a cutout into a textile semifinished product of a fiber-reinforced plastic part and method for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic part
DE102018220637A1 (en) * 2018-11-29 2020-06-04 Thyssenkrupp Ag Process for processing fiber composite components and fiber composite component
CN112708158A (en) * 2019-10-25 2021-04-27 凤凰电机公司 FRP processing method
EP3812080A1 (en) * 2019-10-25 2021-04-28 Phoenix Electric Co., Ltd. Method of processing fiber reinforced plastic
DE102020213934A1 (en) 2020-11-05 2022-05-05 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein Process for separating or forming a kerf in fiber composite components using laser radiation
DE102020213934B4 (en) 2020-11-05 2023-05-04 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein Process for separating or forming a kerf in fiber composite components using laser radiation

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