WO2008149201A2 - Stable pharmaceutical composition - Google Patents
Stable pharmaceutical composition Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008149201A2 WO2008149201A2 PCT/IB2008/001421 IB2008001421W WO2008149201A2 WO 2008149201 A2 WO2008149201 A2 WO 2008149201A2 IB 2008001421 W IB2008001421 W IB 2008001421W WO 2008149201 A2 WO2008149201 A2 WO 2008149201A2
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- Prior art keywords
- amlodipine
- benazepril
- composition
- blend
- pharmaceutical composition
- Prior art date
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4808—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate characterised by the form of the capsule or the structure of the filling; Capsules containing small tablets; Capsules with outer layer for immediate drug release
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4422—1,4-Dihydropyridines, e.g. nifedipine, nicardipine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
- A61K47/12—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
- A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
- A61K47/183—Amino acids, e.g. glycine, EDTA or aspartame
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5084—Mixtures of one or more drugs in different galenical forms, at least one of which being granules, microcapsules or (coated) microparticles according to A61K9/16 or A61K9/50, e.g. for obtaining a specific release pattern or for combining different drugs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel pharmaceutical composition of amlodipine, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and benazepril, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and to a process for the preparation thereof.
- Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease. Elevated arterial pressure causes pathological changes in the vasculature and hypertrophy of the left ventricle. As a consequence, hypertension is the principal cause of stroke, leads to disease of the coronary arteries with myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death, and is major contributor to cardiac failure, renal insufficiency, and dissecting aneurysm of the aorta.
- the fixed-dose combination of calcium channel blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor has been shown to have superior blood pressure lowering effect compared to its individual drug components with an excellent safety profile.
- the first calcium channel blocker/angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor combination marketed in the United States is a fixed dose combination of amlodipine and benazepril.
- the said combination is available in USA under the brand name of Lotrel ® and is approved since March 03, 1995.
- the combination is available in six different strengths for oral administration with a combination of amlodipine besylate equivalent to 2.5 mg, 5 mg or 10 mg of amlodipine with 10 mg, 20 mg or 40 mg of benazepril hydrochloride providing for the following combination 2.5/10 mg; 5/10 mg; 5/20 mg; 5/40 mg; 10/20 mg; and 10/40 mg.
- Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, and its salts are disclosed in US 4,879,303, whereas the invention residing in US 4,410,520 relates to benazepril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and its salts.
- WO 2006/097943 of Vithalapuram et. al. also teaches a pharmaceutical composition for the fixed dose combination of amlodipine and benazepril.
- the document teaches the use of alkaline substances to get a stable formulation.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a stable pharmaceutical composition of amlodipine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and benazepril or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and process for preparing the same.
- the present invention relates to a novel and stable pharmaceutical composition of amlodipine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and benazepril or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
- the present invention provides a stable pharmaceutical composition
- a stable pharmaceutical composition comprising therapeutically effective amounts of amlodipine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and benazepril or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier wherein the stability of the composition is achieved by an effective stabilizing amount of a buffering agent.
- the amlodipine is amlodipine besylate and benazepril is benazepril hydrochloride.
- the present invention provides a stable pharmaceutical composition comprising therapeutically effective amount of amlodipine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and benazepril or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and an effective stabilizing amount of a buffering agent.
- amlodipine is not particularly limited to the base or salt and includes anhydrates, solvates, hydrates and partial hydrates as well as crystalline and amorphous forms of amlodipine or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- benazepril is also not particularly limited and includes anhydrates, solvates, hydrates and partial hydrates as well as crystalline and amorphous forms of benazepril or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- the amlodipine employed is preferably amlodipine besylate and benazepril is benazepril hydrochloride.
- buffering agent as used herein means any acidic or basic agent which is capable of stabilizing a pharmaceutical composition comprising amlodipine and benazepril and thereby preventing or retarding the formation of unwanted impurities such as impurity D.
- Buffering agents are selected from carboxylic acids, amino acids. Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated or hydroxylated carboxylic acids.
- the preferred buffering agents are chosen from the group comprising of citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, ascorbic acid or alkali metal salts (e.g., lithium, sodium, potassium and the like) of these carboxylic acid and the like or mixtures thereof.
- buffering agent also includes various pharmaceutically acceptable amino acids such as glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid.
- the buffering agent is preferably selected from citric acid, malic acid and ascorbic acid or sodium salts of these acids and most preferred is citric acid.
- the buffering agent is present in the formulations of the present invention in an effective and stabilizing amount.
- the buffering agent is conveniently present in an amount of up to 10 percent by weight of amlodipine composition.
- the buffering agent is present in the range of from about 0.1 percent by weight of composition to 5 percent by weight of the composition, and preferably it is up to 1 weight percent.
- the ratio of amlodipine to buffering agent corresponds to a weight ratio of about 1 :5 to about 5: 1 , preferably to about 1 :3 to about 3: 1 , and more preferably it is 1 :2.5 to about 2.5: 1.
- pharmaceutically acceptable carrier refers to the various excipients which may be combined with the pharmaceutical composition of amlodipine and benazepril.
- the Excipients used are to selected that they do not exhibit a destabilizing effect on either the amlodipine part and/or benazepril part.
- a main degradation product of benazepril is (S,S)-diacid (benazeprilat) (Impurity C), which is an active metabolite of benazepril.
- a main degradation product of amlodipine is ' Impurity D', also known as 'Amlo-Pyridine', which is chemically 3-ethyl 5-methyl 2-[(2- aminoethoxy) methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-methylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate.
- amlodipine and benazepril are reported to be incompatible with each other in presence of alkaline substances whereas a pH of about 5.5 or less is favorable for the formation of impurity D in amlodpine composition.
- a pH of about 5.5 or less is favorable for the formation of impurity D in amlodpine composition.
- a buffering agent not only minimizes total impurities formed in the composition but it also helps to reduce the amount of impurity D of amlodipine as well as Impurity C of benazepril.
- the stabilizing effect of a buffering agent could be best understood by a comparative experiment wherein a fixed dose combination formulation of amlodipine and benazepril having alkaline substance were prepared with and without a buffering agent. The results of one such experiment comparing directly effect of buffering agent on stabilization, wherein citric acid is used as a buffering agent are summarized in
- Table - 1 The samples of the formulation were subjected to one-month stability studies at 40 0 C / 75 % relative humidity. All the samples were analyzed for degradation products of amlodipine and benazepril using validated HPLC methods.
- Impurity D from amlodipine and Impurity C i.e. benazeprilate and total impurities were measured for comparison.
- amlodipine and benazepril are formulated according to preferred embodiments of the present invention, then in general, there is no requirement of the physical separation of amlodipine and benazepril.
- the two drugs could be used in such a manner so that they are in physical contact with each other.
- the example of physical contact includes physical contact at an uncoated interface.
- Physical contact could be achieved by methods and ways known to a person skilled in the art, and such methods include, but are not limited to, blending a mixture of the two active ingredients,, uncoated pellets of one agent incorporated into an uncoated tablet of the other, uncoated pellet or tablet of one agent together with powder or blend of the other active agent, as discussed hereinbefore, is presented in the form of a capsule containing a powdered and/or granulated solid composition.
- the capsule could be hard gelatin capsule or soft gelatin capsule. It could be a shell made from gelatin and optionally containing a plasticizer such as glycerin and sorbitol and an opacifying agent or colorant.
- pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are various excipients which can be combined with the pharmaceutical composition of amlodipine and benazepril.
- excipients that can be employed include diluents/fillers, binders, disintegrant, lubricant, glidants, antiadherants, surfactants, water soluble polymers and water insoluble polymers etc.
- excipients may also be used.
- excipients are known to those skilled in the art, and thus, only few representative examples for each class of excipient are mentioned herein below:
- Diluents for the formulations are inert substances that may be used as a vehicle for the active agent, optionally in conjunction with other excipients, as long as the resulting formulation meets the desired dissolution profile and/or is stable.
- Suitable diluents include, lactose-based materials such as lactose monohydrate, spray dried lactose; cellulosic materials such as microcrystalline cellulose; starches including partially pregelatinized starch, pregelatinized starch, partially hydrolyzed starch, maize starch, potato starch, rice starch, wheat starch, and tapioca starch; sugar such as sucrose, dextrose, fructose, and the like; sugar alcohols such as mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, and the like; saccharides / polysaccharides such as maltodextrin and the like; dibasic calcium phosphate, calcium sulphate, and the combinations thereof.
- Combination of two or more diluents can be used in the dosage formulations.
- the total amount of diluents can be up to about 99 weight percent of the total weight of the amlodipine formulation; specifically about 0.1 to about 60 weight percent; more specifically about 0.5 to about 30 weight percent; and yet more specifically about 10 to about 25 weight percent.
- Binders may be, for example, starch, sugars, gums, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyl propyl cellulose or the like. Certain traditional tablet diluents may also function as a disintegrant (e.g.
- disintegrant for example, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, alginates, and the like.
- the disintegrant can be present in the formulations in an amount of about 0.01 to about 20 weight percent of the total weight of the formulation.
- a lubricant and/or glidant can also be used in the dosage formulations to aid in the processing of powder materials.
- Exemplary lubricants include calcium stearate, glycerol behenate, magnesium stearate, mineral oil, polyethylene glycol, sodium stearyl fumarate, stearic acid, talc, vegetable oil, zinc stearate, and combinations thereof.
- additives to the dosage formulations include, for example, sweetening agent, flavoring agents, stabilizing agents, colorants, antioxidants and combinations comprising one or more of the foregoing additives.
- the pharmaceutical composition of amlodipine and benazepril may be presented in the form of tablet or a capsule preparing by blending the two drugs with the excipients.
- the formulation uses techniques well known to those skilled in the art such as wet granulation, dry granulation, direct compression, layering, pelletization, tabletting etc.
- a typical process for preparation of amlodipine blend comprises of following steps:
- step (a) Dissolve buffering agent in a granulating solvent such as water or alcohol; (b) Granulate fillers with the granulating solution of step (a);
- step (c) Dry and mill the granules of step (b);
- step (d) Mix amlodipine, lubricant, and other remaining excipients such as glidants, disintegrant etc. with dried granules of step (c)
- a typical procedure for preparation of benazepril blend comprises of: (a) Mix benazepril hydrochloride with all the excipients except lubricant, glidants and extra-granular disintegrant;
- step (b) Granulate the mass of step(a) with a suitable granulating solvent
- step (c) Dry and mill the granules of step (b); (d) Mix remaining excipients with dried granules of step (c)
- the benazepril composition and the amlodipine composition are contacted, optionally in presence of other excipients to obtain a 5 combination pharmaceutical composition.
- the above disclosed process may further include any one of the features known to a person skilled in the art.
- the process may further, optionally include sifting of one or all ingredients and/or active agent to get the particles of suitable
- the dosage formulation comprises the active agent and excipients in the form of particles having a particle size distribution that allows for the ease of processing the material, for example into tablets, by direct compression techniques, without segregation of the excipients.
- the desired particle range of active agent and excipients and other components may be obtained by processes known in the
- compositions according to present invention include the active agent at dosages at which these agents are administered individually.
- dosage of benazepril hydrochloride is from about 2 mg to 80 mg, preferably about 3 mg 0 to 40 mg and more preferably from 5 mg to 20 mg.
- dosage of amlodipine based on free base is from about 1 mg to about 20 mg, preferably from about 2 mg to about 10 mg and more preferably from about 2.5 mg to about 5 mg.
- ratio of benazepril to amlodipine corresponds to a weight ratio of 0.5: 1 to about 10: 1 , more preferably 1 : 1 to about 8: 1. 5
- Example- 1 Considering the feasibility of the pharmaceutical preparation, following examples were carried out.
- Capsules containing both amlodipine besylate blend and benazepril hydrochloride tablet were prepared as follows:
- a blend of amlodipine with the excipients as given in the Table- 2 was prepared. Citric acid was first dissolved in water. Dicalcium phosphate and microcrystalline cellulose were mixed and granulated with citric acid solution. The granules were then dried and milled. Amlodipine besylate, sodium starch glycolate and magnesium stearate were sieved. The sieved materials along with the granules were then transferred to a blender and blended to get amlodipine blend.
- Benazepril hydrochloride, lactose monohydrate and pregelatinized starch were sieved and mixed in a blender. The mixture was granulated using purified water. Wet massed formed was dried to form granules, which were then milled using suitable screen. Microcrystalline cellulose, hydrogenated castor oil, and magnesium stearate were sieved and mixed. This blend was then mixed with the granules prepared above and then compressed to form a tablet using suitable tooling on a compression machine.
- Capsules containing both amlodipine besylate and benazepril hydrochloride as blend were prepared as follows:
- amlodipine blend A blend of amlodipine with the excipients as given in the Table- 3 was prepared. Citric acid was first dissolved in water. Dicalcium phosphate was mixed and granulated with citric acid solution. The granules were then dried and milled. Amlodipine besylate, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate and magnesium stearate were sieved. The sieved materials along with the granules were then transferred to a blender and blended to get amlodipine blend.
- Benazepril hydrochloride blend was prepared using excipients as shown in Table -3. Benazepril hydrochloride, lactose monohydrate and hydroxypropyl cellulose were sieved and mixed in a blender. The mixture was granulated using purified water. Wet massed formed was dried to form granules, which were then milled using suitable screen. Colloidal silicon dioxide, and hydrogenated vegetable oil were mixed with the granules prepared above to get a blend of benazepril hydrochloride.
- Example - 2 A capsule formulation as described in Example - 2 was prepared and then was subjected to stability evaluation for three months at a temperature of 40 0 C and relative humidity of 75 %.
- the amount of impurity D from amlodipine blend, the impurity C from benazepril blend and total impurities present in the formulation were monitored.
- the standard and validated HPLC methods were used for analysis. The results of the study are summarized in Table - 4 given below
- Example - 2 A capsule formulation as described in Example - 2 was prepared and then was subjected to evaluation of dissolution profile.
- the capsule formulations were evaluated for release profiles of amlodipine and Benazepril by using standard USP dissolution test. USP II paddle apparatus, 900 ml of water and a rotation speed of 50 RPM are employed in the instant study. The results of this study are presented in Table - 5.
- Table- 5 Dissolution profile of a Capsule formulation containing blend of Amlodipine be sy late and Benazepril hydrochloride
- the final impurity as compared to initial impurity in case of (1 ) & (2) has increased more than 10 fold, where in case of (3) to (5), the impurity has remained substantially under control; the increase if any, is hardly 2-3 fold.
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a stable pharmaceutical composition comprising therapeutically effective amounts of amlodipine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and benazepril or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier wherein the stability of the composition is achieved by an effective stabilizing amount of a buffering agent.
Description
STABLE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel pharmaceutical composition of amlodipine, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and benazepril, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and to a process for the preparation thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease. Elevated arterial pressure causes pathological changes in the vasculature and hypertrophy of the left ventricle. As a consequence, hypertension is the principal cause of stroke, leads to disease of the coronary arteries with myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death, and is major contributor to cardiac failure, renal insufficiency, and dissecting aneurysm of the aorta.
The fixed-dose combination of calcium channel blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor has been shown to have superior blood pressure lowering effect compared to its individual drug components with an excellent safety profile.
The first calcium channel blocker/angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor combination marketed in the United States is a fixed dose combination of amlodipine and benazepril. The said combination is available in USA under the brand name of Lotrel® and is approved since March 03, 1995. The combination is available in six different strengths for oral administration with a combination of amlodipine besylate equivalent to 2.5 mg, 5 mg or 10 mg of amlodipine with 10 mg, 20 mg or 40 mg of benazepril hydrochloride providing for the following combination 2.5/10 mg; 5/10 mg; 5/20 mg; 5/40 mg; 10/20 mg; and 10/40 mg.
Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, and its salts are disclosed in US 4,879,303, whereas the invention residing in US 4,410,520 relates to benazepril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and its salts.
The use of abovementioned fixed dose combination of amlodipine and benazepril to treat various cardiovascular diseases including hypertension is described in US
6,162,802 of Papa et. al. The document further discloses that benazepril and amlodipine are physically incompatible substances.
Further, WO 2006/097943 of Vithalapuram et. al. also teaches a pharmaceutical composition for the fixed dose combination of amlodipine and benazepril.. The document teaches the use of alkaline substances to get a stable formulation.
In WO 2006/085208 of Dhaliwal et. al. disclosing a stable formulation of amlodipine and benazepril, it is reported that presence of dicalcium phosphate in the amlodipine formulation triggers the degradation of amlodipine, which is more pronounced at a pH below 6. Hence, a stable pharmaceutical composition of amlodipine could be prepared by making it free of dicalcium phosphate.
Similarly, in a recently published application US 2007/007181 1 , Kadosh et. al. describes that "Impurity D', which is main degradation product of amlodipine and (S,S)-diacid (benazeprilat), a main degradation product of benazepril could be minimized by processing benazepril by wet granulation method and amlodipine by dry processing methods.
Thus, form the above, it would be abundantly evident that there are contrary teachings available in the prior art. Physical separation of the two components, not only requires complicated processing, but also has inherent risks and complications. Further, recourse to specific non-alkaline substances limits the choice of excipients for a formulator, while designing the formulation leaves a very little room to experiment with. Therefore, there exists a need for finding suitable ways to overcome the problem of stabilization in amlodipine-benazepril composition.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION:
An object of the present invention is to provide a stable pharmaceutical composition of amlodipine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and benazepril or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and process for preparing the same.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel and stable pharmaceutical composition of amlodipine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and benazepril or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
In one aspect the present invention provides a stable pharmaceutical composition comprising therapeutically effective amounts of amlodipine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and benazepril or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier wherein the stability of the composition is achieved by an effective stabilizing amount of a buffering agent. Preferably the amlodipine is amlodipine besylate and benazepril is benazepril hydrochloride.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention provides a stable pharmaceutical composition comprising therapeutically effective amount of amlodipine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and benazepril or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and an effective stabilizing amount of a buffering agent.
As used herein the term "amlodipine" is not particularly limited to the base or salt and includes anhydrates, solvates, hydrates and partial hydrates as well as crystalline and amorphous forms of amlodipine or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Similarly, the term benazepril is also not particularly limited and includes anhydrates, solvates, hydrates and partial hydrates as well as crystalline and amorphous forms of benazepril or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In the stable pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention, the amlodipine employed is preferably amlodipine besylate and benazepril is benazepril hydrochloride.
The term buffering agent as used herein means any acidic or basic agent which is capable of stabilizing a pharmaceutical composition comprising amlodipine and benazepril and thereby preventing or retarding the formation of unwanted impurities such as impurity D. Buffering agents are selected from carboxylic acids, amino acids.
Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated or hydroxylated carboxylic acids. The preferred buffering agents are chosen from the group comprising of citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, ascorbic acid or alkali metal salts (e.g., lithium, sodium, potassium and the like) of these carboxylic acid and the like or mixtures thereof. The term buffering agent also includes various pharmaceutically acceptable amino acids such as glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid. The buffering agent is preferably selected from citric acid, malic acid and ascorbic acid or sodium salts of these acids and most preferred is citric acid.
The buffering agent is present in the formulations of the present invention in an effective and stabilizing amount. The buffering agent is conveniently present in an amount of up to 10 percent by weight of amlodipine composition. Typically, the buffering agent is present in the range of from about 0.1 percent by weight of composition to 5 percent by weight of the composition, and preferably it is up to 1 weight percent. The ratio of amlodipine to buffering agent corresponds to a weight ratio of about 1 :5 to about 5: 1 , preferably to about 1 :3 to about 3: 1 , and more preferably it is 1 :2.5 to about 2.5: 1.
The term pharmaceutically acceptable carrier as used herein refers to the various excipients which may be combined with the pharmaceutical composition of amlodipine and benazepril. The Excipients used are to selected that they do not exhibit a destabilizing effect on either the amlodipine part and/or benazepril part.
Stability is an important aspect of a pharmaceutical composition. Regulatory Health
Authorities all over the world have prescribed stringent norms for removal of impurities, which are present in a pharmaceutical composition. A main degradation product of benazepril is (S,S)-diacid (benazeprilat) (Impurity C), which is an active metabolite of benazepril. A main degradation product of amlodipine is ' Impurity D', also known as 'Amlo-Pyridine', which is chemically 3-ethyl 5-methyl 2-[(2- aminoethoxy) methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-methylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate. Further, it has been reported that a pH of about 5.5 or less is favorable for the formation of impurity D in an amlodipine composition.
Thus, amlodipine and benazepril are reported to be incompatible with each other in presence of alkaline substances whereas a pH of about 5.5 or less is favorable for the formation of impurity D in amlodpine composition. Thus, it is highly imperative to obtain a right balance of acidic and/or alkaline conditions, so as to get a stable formulation of the fixed dose combination of amlodipine and benazepril. This balance according to present invention is achieved by taking recourse to a buffering agent.
In their endeavor to find out a stable formulation of a fixed dose combination of amlodipine and benazepril, the present inventors have surprisingly found that addition of a buffering agent not only minimizes total impurities formed in the composition but it also helps to reduce the amount of impurity D of amlodipine as well as Impurity C of benazepril. The stabilizing effect of a buffering agent could be best understood by a comparative experiment wherein a fixed dose combination formulation of amlodipine and benazepril having alkaline substance were prepared with and without a buffering agent. The results of one such experiment comparing directly effect of buffering agent on stabilization, wherein citric acid is used as a buffering agent are summarized in
Table - 1. In this study, the samples of the formulation were subjected to one-month stability studies at 40 0C / 75 % relative humidity. All the samples were analyzed for degradation products of amlodipine and benazepril using validated HPLC methods.
Impurity D from amlodipine and Impurity C i.e. benazeprilate and total impurities were measured for comparison.
From the results, it would be evident that, in the presence of 25 parts of dicalcium phosphate, the quantity of Impurity D at evaluated condition increases by almost sixteen times. Moreover, reducing the amounts of dicalcium phosphate i.e. to 10 parts has not resulted in stabilization of formulation. Similar trend is observed for Impurity C of benazepril and total impurities present in the composition.
Table -1 : Comparative stability profile of a formulation of amlodipine and benazepril having citric acid as buffering agent with a formulation not having any buffering agent:
'-' : Impurity Not detected; BLQ - below limit of qualification (0.02%); DCP - ddiiccaallcciiuumm pphhoosspphhate; CA - citric acid; 40/75 - stability condition of 40 0C / 75 % relative humidity
However, when dicalcium phosphate is granulated with a solution of citric acid and then mixed with the amlodipine and benazepril, there is marked reduction in formation of not only Impurity D of amlodipine, but also impurity C from the benazepril and total impurities present in the formulation. When amlodipine and benazepril are formulated only with dicalcium phosphate, there is at least 10 times increase in formation of total impurities. However, when citric acid is incorporated in formulation, there is a reduction in formation of impurities, thereby imparting stability to the composition.
Furthermore, when formulation of amlodipine and benazepril are formulated according to preferred embodiments of the present invention, then in general, there is no requirement of the physical separation of amlodipine and benazepril. The two drugs could be used in such a manner so that they are in physical contact with each other. The example of physical contact includes physical contact at an uncoated interface. Physical contact could be achieved by methods and ways known to a person skilled in the art, and such methods include, but are not limited to, blending a mixture of the two active ingredients,, uncoated pellets of one agent incorporated into an uncoated tablet of the other, uncoated pellet or tablet of one agent together with powder or blend of the other
active agent, as discussed hereinbefore, is presented in the form of a capsule containing a powdered and/or granulated solid composition. The capsule could be hard gelatin capsule or soft gelatin capsule. It could be a shell made from gelatin and optionally containing a plasticizer such as glycerin and sorbitol and an opacifying agent or colorant.
For purposes of present invention, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are various excipients which can be combined with the pharmaceutical composition of amlodipine and benazepril. Examples of excipients that can be employed include diluents/fillers, binders, disintegrant, lubricant, glidants, antiadherants, surfactants, water soluble polymers and water insoluble polymers etc.
A combination of excipients may also be used. Such excipients are known to those skilled in the art, and thus, only few representative examples for each class of excipient are mentioned herein below:
Diluents for the formulations are inert substances that may be used as a vehicle for the active agent, optionally in conjunction with other excipients, as long as the resulting formulation meets the desired dissolution profile and/or is stable. Suitable diluents include, lactose-based materials such as lactose monohydrate, spray dried lactose; cellulosic materials such as microcrystalline cellulose; starches including partially pregelatinized starch, pregelatinized starch, partially hydrolyzed starch, maize starch, potato starch, rice starch, wheat starch, and tapioca starch; sugar such as sucrose, dextrose, fructose, and the like; sugar alcohols such as mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, and the like; saccharides / polysaccharides such as maltodextrin and the like; dibasic calcium phosphate, calcium sulphate, and the combinations thereof.
Combination of two or more diluents can be used in the dosage formulations. When used, the total amount of diluents can be up to about 99 weight percent of the total weight of the amlodipine formulation; specifically about 0.1 to about 60 weight percent; more specifically about 0.5 to about 30 weight percent; and yet more specifically about 10 to about 25 weight percent.
Binders may be, for example, starch, sugars, gums, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyl propyl cellulose or the like. Certain traditional tablet diluents may also function as a disintegrant (e.g. starch), while other materials provide superior results as a disintegrant, for example, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, alginates, and the like. The disintegrant can be present in the formulations in an amount of about 0.01 to about 20 weight percent of the total weight of the formulation.
A lubricant and/or glidant can also be used in the dosage formulations to aid in the processing of powder materials. Exemplary lubricants include calcium stearate, glycerol behenate, magnesium stearate, mineral oil, polyethylene glycol, sodium stearyl fumarate, stearic acid, talc, vegetable oil, zinc stearate, and combinations thereof.
Other optional additives to the dosage formulations include, for example, sweetening agent, flavoring agents, stabilizing agents, colorants, antioxidants and combinations comprising one or more of the foregoing additives.
The pharmaceutical composition of amlodipine and benazepril may be presented in the form of tablet or a capsule preparing by blending the two drugs with the excipients. The formulation uses techniques well known to those skilled in the art such as wet granulation, dry granulation, direct compression, layering, pelletization, tabletting etc.
A typical process for preparation of amlodipine blend comprises of following steps:
(a) Dissolve buffering agent in a granulating solvent such as water or alcohol; (b) Granulate fillers with the granulating solution of step (a);
(c) Dry and mill the granules of step (b);
(d) Mix amlodipine, lubricant, and other remaining excipients such as glidants, disintegrant etc. with dried granules of step (c)
Similarly, a typical procedure for preparation of benazepril blend comprises of: (a) Mix benazepril hydrochloride with all the excipients except lubricant, glidants and extra-granular disintegrant;
(b) Granulate the mass of step(a) with a suitable granulating solvent;
(c) Dry and mill the granules of step (b);
(d) Mix remaining excipients with dried granules of step (c)
Finally, in a typical procedure, the benazepril composition and the amlodipine composition are contacted, optionally in presence of other excipients to obtain a 5 combination pharmaceutical composition.
The above disclosed process may further include any one of the features known to a person skilled in the art. For example, the process may further, optionally include sifting of one or all ingredients and/or active agent to get the particles of suitable
I O particle size. Typically, the dosage formulation comprises the active agent and excipients in the form of particles having a particle size distribution that allows for the ease of processing the material, for example into tablets, by direct compression techniques, without segregation of the excipients. The desired particle range of active agent and excipients and other components may be obtained by processes known in the
15 art. including granulating, screening, milling, and the like.
The pharmaceutical compositions according to present invention include the active agent at dosages at which these agents are administered individually. Typically the dosage of benazepril hydrochloride is from about 2 mg to 80 mg, preferably about 3 mg 0 to 40 mg and more preferably from 5 mg to 20 mg. The dosage of amlodipine based on free base is from about 1 mg to about 20 mg, preferably from about 2 mg to about 10 mg and more preferably from about 2.5 mg to about 5 mg. Preferably ratio of benazepril to amlodipine corresponds to a weight ratio of 0.5: 1 to about 10: 1 , more preferably 1 : 1 to about 8: 1. 5
The principles, preferred embodiments, and modes of operation of the present invention have been described in the foregoing specification. The invention which is intended to be protected herein, however, is not to be construed limited to the particular forms disclosed, since these are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. Variations 0 and changes may be made by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the invention.
The invention is further explained with the help of following illustrative examples, however, in no way these examples should be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Examples:
Considering the feasibility of the pharmaceutical preparation, following examples were carried out. Example- 1
Capsules containing both amlodipine besylate blend and benazepril hydrochloride tablet were prepared as follows:
a) Preparation of amlodipine blend:
A blend of amlodipine with the excipients as given in the Table- 2 was prepared. Citric acid was first dissolved in water. Dicalcium phosphate and microcrystalline cellulose were mixed and granulated with citric acid solution. The granules were then dried and milled. Amlodipine besylate, sodium starch glycolate and magnesium stearate were sieved. The sieved materials along with the granules were then transferred to a blender and blended to get amlodipine blend.
b) Preparation of Benazepril hydrochloride tablet:
A tablet formulation of Benazepril was prepared using excipients as shown in Table -2. Benazepril hydrochloride, lactose monohydrate and pregelatinized starch were sieved and mixed in a blender. The mixture was granulated using purified water. Wet massed formed was dried to form granules, which were then milled using suitable screen. Microcrystalline cellulose, hydrogenated castor oil, and magnesium stearate were sieved and mixed. This blend was then mixed with the granules prepared above and then compressed to form a tablet using suitable tooling on a compression machine.
c) Combination of amlodipine besylate and benazepril hydrochloride: The two formulations, i.e. amlodipine besylate blend and benazepril hydrochloride tablet were filled into capsules.
Table- 2: Pharmaceutical composition of Amlodipine besylate and Benazepril hydrochloride
Example - 2
Capsules containing both amlodipine besylate and benazepril hydrochloride as blend were prepared as follows:
a) Preparation of amlodipine blend: A blend of amlodipine with the excipients as given in the Table- 3 was prepared. Citric acid was first dissolved in water. Dicalcium phosphate was mixed and granulated with citric acid solution. The granules were then dried and milled. Amlodipine besylate,
microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate and magnesium stearate were sieved. The sieved materials along with the granules were then transferred to a blender and blended to get amlodipine blend.
b) Preparation of Benazepril hydrochloride blend:
Benazepril hydrochloride blend was prepared using excipients as shown in Table -3. Benazepril hydrochloride, lactose monohydrate and hydroxypropyl cellulose were sieved and mixed in a blender. The mixture was granulated using purified water. Wet massed formed was dried to form granules, which were then milled using suitable screen. Colloidal silicon dioxide, and hydrogenated vegetable oil were mixed with the granules prepared above to get a blend of benazepril hydrochloride.
c) Combination of amlodipine besylate and benazepril hydrochloride: The two formulations, i.e. amlodipine besylate blend and benazepril hydrochloride blend were filled into capsules.
Table- 3: Capsule formulation containing blend of Amlodipine besylate and Benazepril hydrochloride
Stability study of a formulation containing both amlodipine besylate and benazepril hydrochloride as blend:
A capsule formulation as described in Example - 2 was prepared and then was subjected to stability evaluation for three months at a temperature of 40 0C and relative humidity of 75 %. The amount of impurity D from amlodipine blend, the impurity C from benazepril blend and total impurities present in the formulation were monitored. The standard and validated HPLC methods were used for analysis. The results of the study are summarized in Table - 4 given below
Table- 4: Stability results of a Capsule formulation containing blend of Amlodipine besylate and Benazepril hydrochloride
Example - 4
Dissolution profile of a formulation containing both amlodipine besylate and benazepril hydrochloride as blend:
A capsule formulation as described in Example - 2 was prepared and then was subjected to evaluation of dissolution profile. The capsule formulations were evaluated for release profiles of amlodipine and Benazepril by using standard USP dissolution test. USP II paddle apparatus, 900 ml of water and a rotation speed of 50 RPM are employed in the instant study. The results of this study are presented in Table - 5.
Table- 5: Dissolution profile of a Capsule formulation containing blend of Amlodipine be sy late and Benazepril hydrochloride
Example - 5
Effect of various other buffering agents on stability of amlodipine besylate and Benazepril hydrochloride formulation
The effects of various buffering agents on stability of a combination formulation of amlodipine besylate and Benazepril hydrochloride was evaluated by carrying out preformulation studies. In the preformulation studies, various buffering agents evaluated were citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid and ascorbic acid. The buffering agents were first granulated with dicalcium phosphate and then were mixed with amlodipine besylate and benazepril hydrochloride in amounts intended to be used for the final compositions. Thus, in all these preformulation studies, amlodipine : benazepril : dicalcium phosphate : buffering agent were blended in the ratio of 1 : 2.9 :
25 : 2.5. All the formulations were stored for 30 days at a temperature of 40 0C and relative humidity of 75 %. The amount of impurity D, impurity C and total impurities present in the formulation were monitored. The standard HPLC methods were used for analysis. The results of the study are summarized in Table - 6 as given below
Table -6: Evaluation of effects of various buffering agents on Stability profile of amlodipine and benazepril formulation:
'-' : Impurity Not detected; BLQ - below limit of qualification (0.02%); DCP - dicalcium phosphate; CA — citric acid; MA - malic acid; AA - ascorbic acid; 40/75 - stability condition of 40 0C / 75 % relative humidity
As may be seen from the table above, the final impurity as compared to initial impurity in case of (1 ) & (2) has increased more than 10 fold, where in case of (3) to (5), the impurity has remained substantially under control; the increase if any, is hardly 2-3 fold.
Claims
1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising therapeutically effective amounts of amlodipine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and benazepril or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and an stabilizing amount of a buffering agent.
2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein amlodipine and benazepril are in physical contact with each other.
3. The pharmaceutical composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein amlodipine and benazepril are presented as a blended mixture in a hard gelatin capsule.
4. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the amlodipine blend is prepared by using alkaline substances.
5. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the amlodipine is amlodipine besylate.
6. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein benazepril is benazepril hydrochloride
7. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the buffering agent is selected from the carboxylic acids or amino acids or combinations thereof.
8. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the buffering agent is selected from citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid and alkali metal salts or combinations thereof.
9. A process for preparing a pharmaceutical composition comperising amlodipine and benazepril as claimed in claim 1 , the process comprising the steps of a. preparing amlodipine blend wherein alkaline substances and buffering agent are granulated together and mixed with amlodipine and other excipients; b. preparing benazepril blend; and c. Mixing amlodipine blend and benazepril blend to get a pharmaceutical composition
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Cited By (4)
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CN102058872B (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2013-12-25 | 北京万全阳光医学技术有限公司 | Medicinal composition containing Lysinopril and amlodipine besilate and preparation method thereof |
WO2014122585A1 (en) * | 2013-02-08 | 2014-08-14 | Wockhardt Limited | A stable pharmaceutical composition of amlodipine and benazepril or salts thereof |
CN117538461A (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-02-09 | 地奥集团成都药业股份有限公司 | Detection method of related substances of benazepril hydrochloride tablets |
WO2024163030A1 (en) * | 2023-02-03 | 2024-08-08 | Brillian Pharma Inc. | Amlodipine freeze-dried compositions and uses thereof |
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Cited By (5)
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CN102058872B (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2013-12-25 | 北京万全阳光医学技术有限公司 | Medicinal composition containing Lysinopril and amlodipine besilate and preparation method thereof |
WO2014122585A1 (en) * | 2013-02-08 | 2014-08-14 | Wockhardt Limited | A stable pharmaceutical composition of amlodipine and benazepril or salts thereof |
WO2024163030A1 (en) * | 2023-02-03 | 2024-08-08 | Brillian Pharma Inc. | Amlodipine freeze-dried compositions and uses thereof |
CN117538461A (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-02-09 | 地奥集团成都药业股份有限公司 | Detection method of related substances of benazepril hydrochloride tablets |
CN117538461B (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-03-26 | 地奥集团成都药业股份有限公司 | Detection method of related substances of benazepril hydrochloride tablets |
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