WO2008146162A1 - Wax capsules containing hydrophilic cores - Google Patents

Wax capsules containing hydrophilic cores Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008146162A1
WO2008146162A1 PCT/IB2008/001843 IB2008001843W WO2008146162A1 WO 2008146162 A1 WO2008146162 A1 WO 2008146162A1 IB 2008001843 W IB2008001843 W IB 2008001843W WO 2008146162 A1 WO2008146162 A1 WO 2008146162A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wax
container
heated alcohol
core material
alcohol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2008/001843
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2008146162A8 (en
Inventor
Hongwei Liu
Georgios D. Karles
Shuzhong Zhuang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Philip Morris Products SA
Original Assignee
Philip Morris Products SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philip Morris Products SA filed Critical Philip Morris Products SA
Publication of WO2008146162A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008146162A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO2008146162A8 publication Critical patent/WO2008146162A8/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/04—Making microcapsules or microballoons by physical processes, e.g. drying, spraying

Definitions

  • Flavors and other active ingredients have commonly been encapsulated for ease of working with the enclosed flavor or ingredient.
  • encapsulation techniques have been employed to preserve the enclosed product and increase shelf life.
  • Wax capsules which can be fabricated by co-extrusion techniques, are good structures to hold hydrophilic cores for a long period of time.
  • Exemplary encapsulation methods for creating wax capsules include spray drying and coextrusion techniques. Because the density of wax is lower than that of water and solidification of melted wax occurs quickly, special cooling equipment is needed to solidify the wax after coextrusion.
  • One such cooling device is a cooling tower, which is expensive to purchase and complicated to use.
  • SUMMARY Provided is a method for forming wax capsules. Also provided is a method for cooling wax during the formation of wax capsules.
  • the method of forming core material containing capsules includes coating a core material with a wax to form a core/shell droplet.
  • the core/shell droplet is then contacted with hot alcohol.
  • the capsules are spherical.
  • a temperature gradient is created in a container of hot alcohol by placing the container of hot alcohol in an ice water bath. The temperature at the top of the container is preferably above the melting point of the wax. The temperature of the alcohol gradually decreases towards the bottom of the container.
  • the wax shell solidifies to form a capsule. The capsules fall to the bottom of the container where the capsules may later be collected.
  • the method for making wax capsules includes immersing a concentric nozzle of a coextruder in a container of a hot ethanol. Wax from the outer nozzle coats the core material flowing through the inner nozzle to create core/shell droplets that fall from the concentric nozzle into the hot ethanol.
  • the container of hot ethanol is placed in a water-ice bath to create a temperature gradient. As the core/shell droplets descend in the container of hot ethanol, the wax shell solidifies to create capsules.
  • the method for making wax capsules is a continuous method, wherein the capsules and solvent exit the container via a capsule transfer tube.
  • the capsules and solvent then fall into a container that includes a sieve for catching the capsules and a container leading to a solvent transfer tube.
  • the solvent transfer tube includes a heater that heats the solvent as the solvent travels back into the container into which the concentric nozzle sends the core/shell droplets.
  • Figure 1 is an illustration of a setup of a wax solidification cooling unit including a coextruder.
  • Figure 2 is an illustration of a setup of a wax solidification cooling unit including a coextruder and a capsule transfer system with solvent return.
  • the method for forming core material containing capsules includes coating a core material with molten wax to form a core/shell droplet.
  • the core/shell droplet is formed by a coextruder having a concentric nozzle 100 with an inner nozzle 140 and outer nozzle 120 as seen in Figure 1.
  • the core material flows through the inner nozzle 140, while molten wax flows through the outer nozzle 120 resulting in a coating being applied to the core material.
  • the flow is broken up to form core/shell droplets exiting out of the concentric nozzle 100.
  • surface tension causes the core/shell material to break into droplets.
  • the size of the resulting core/shell droplets 150 depends on the size of the coextruder nozzle used. The choice of a coextruder nozzle may rely on the type of wax capsules being manufactured and the intended use.
  • the wax capsules have a diameter of about 0.1mm to about 5.0mm (e.g., about 0.1mm to about 2mm, about 1mm to about 3mm, about 2mm to about 4mm or about 3mm to about 5mm).
  • the concentric nozzle is placed into a container filled with a hot solvent so that the capsules pass through the nozzle 100 directly into the hot solvent.
  • the solvent is a hot alcohol 200.
  • the core material is a hydrophilic substance.
  • suitable core materials include, without limitation, pure water, aqueous solutions of flavors or other active ingredients, propylene glycol, glycerin, honey, combinations thereof, and the like.
  • the wax is natural or synthetic. Suitable waxes include, without limitation, beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, castor wax, polyethylene waxes, petroleum based waxes, combinations thereof, and the like.
  • paraffin wax is used.
  • Suitable hot alcohols include, without limitation, methanol, ethanol, propanol, combinations thereof, and the like. In a most preferred embodiment, ethanol is used. The alcohol may be reused for multiple cooling processes.
  • the chosen alcohol has a density that is lower than the density of the chosen molten wax.
  • Other solvents that are not miscible with wax and have a lower density than wax may be used.
  • the capsules 150 are in liquid form when they exit the concentric nozzle 100.
  • the temperature of the hot alcohol at the top of the container, where the nozzle comes into contact with the hot alcohol is about 2°C to 5 0 C higher than the melting point of the wax being used. If the temperature of the alcohol at the top of the container is too high, then the wax will break and the coating will not properly form. If the temperature of the alcohol at the top of the container is too low, then the nozzle may clog or the wax may solidify so quickly that the capsules aggregate.
  • the capsules sink in the heated alcohol.
  • the alcohol may be heated with a heating tape located in the container, placed against the container, and/or surrounds the outside of the container.
  • Other heaters such as cartridge heaters, heating coils, etc. located inside or outside the container may also be used alone or in combination with each other or with a heating tape. Accurate control over the temperature can be maintained by using a temperature controller.
  • the container of hot alcohol is placed in a cooling bath 210 to create a temperature gradient from the top of the container to the bottom of the container.
  • the temperature of the alcohol at the bottom of the container is about 0 0 C.
  • the cooling bath may be an ice water bath.
  • the method for making wax capsules includes immersing a concentric nozzle of a coextruder in a container of hot ethanol.
  • the container of hot ethanol is then placed in a cooling bath, such as a water-ice bath, to create a temperature gradient.
  • a core material and a wax are passed through a concentric nozzle of a coextruder to form a coated capsule.
  • the capsule is then passed into a supply of hot ethanol to solidify the wax.
  • the capsules can be harvested out of the container.
  • the method is a continuous method.
  • the method includes connecting a transfer line 300, as seen in Figure 2, to the bottom of the container holding the solvent 200. As the capsules 150 fall to the bottom of the container, the capsules and solvent enter the transfer line 300.
  • the transfer line 300 leads to a second container 350.
  • a sieve 400 extends the length of the container 350 and catches the capsules 150 as they exit the transfer line 300 and pass into the container 350.
  • the solvent passes through the sieve 400 and is processed through the solvent transfer system 425 back into the container 200 for reuse.
  • the heated alcohol is reheated while it travels through the solvent transfer system.
  • a heat exchanger 450 contacts the solvent transfer system 425 to heat the solvent prior to reentering the container 200.
  • the capsules are used in oral tobacco or non-tobacco products.
  • the capsules are mixed with tobacco and placed in a pouched product.
  • each capsule can be individually consumed as a snack.
  • the capsules can be used as a baking or cooking ingredient.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
  • General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)

Abstract

Provided is a method for cooling wax after coextrusion to create wax capsules 150. The method includes immersing a concentric nozzle 100 of a coextruder in a container of heated alcohol 200. The container of heated alcohol sits in a water-ice bath 210 to create a temperature gradient. A core material 155 having a wax coating 160 is extruded through a concentric nozzle to form a capsule. The capsule enters the container of hot alcohol where the wax coating is solidified. In an embodiment, the method is a continuous method including a capsule and solvent transfer system 300, 350, 400, 425, 450.

Description

WAX CAPSULES CONTAINING HYDROPHILIC CORES
This application claims priority from U.S. provisional Application No. 60/924,816, filed on May 31, 2007, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
Flavors and other active ingredients have commonly been encapsulated for ease of working with the enclosed flavor or ingredient.
In addition, encapsulation techniques have been employed to preserve the enclosed product and increase shelf life. Wax capsules, which can be fabricated by co-extrusion techniques, are good structures to hold hydrophilic cores for a long period of time. Exemplary encapsulation methods for creating wax capsules include spray drying and coextrusion techniques. Because the density of wax is lower than that of water and solidification of melted wax occurs quickly, special cooling equipment is needed to solidify the wax after coextrusion. One such cooling device is a cooling tower, which is expensive to purchase and complicated to use.
Thus, there remains a need in the art for a simple and inexpensive cooling system for solidifying the wax coating after coextrusion.
SUMMARY Provided is a method for forming wax capsules. Also provided is a method for cooling wax during the formation of wax capsules.
In a preferred embodiment, the method of forming core material containing capsules includes coating a core material with a wax to form a core/shell droplet. The core/shell droplet is then contacted with hot alcohol. Preferably, the capsules are spherical. Preferably, a temperature gradient is created in a container of hot alcohol by placing the container of hot alcohol in an ice water bath. The temperature at the top of the container is preferably above the melting point of the wax. The temperature of the alcohol gradually decreases towards the bottom of the container. As the core/shell droplets pass from the top of the container to the bottom of the container, the wax shell solidifies to form a capsule. The capsules fall to the bottom of the container where the capsules may later be collected.
In another embodiment, the method for making wax capsules includes immersing a concentric nozzle of a coextruder in a container of a hot ethanol. Wax from the outer nozzle coats the core material flowing through the inner nozzle to create core/shell droplets that fall from the concentric nozzle into the hot ethanol. The container of hot ethanol is placed in a water-ice bath to create a temperature gradient. As the core/shell droplets descend in the container of hot ethanol, the wax shell solidifies to create capsules. Preferably, the method for making wax capsules is a continuous method, wherein the capsules and solvent exit the container via a capsule transfer tube. The capsules and solvent then fall into a container that includes a sieve for catching the capsules and a container leading to a solvent transfer tube. The solvent transfer tube includes a heater that heats the solvent as the solvent travels back into the container into which the concentric nozzle sends the core/shell droplets.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is an illustration of a setup of a wax solidification cooling unit including a coextruder.
Figure 2 is an illustration of a setup of a wax solidification cooling unit including a coextruder and a capsule transfer system with solvent return.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Provided is a method for manufacturing wax capsules for the encapsulation of hydrophilic substances.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for forming core material containing capsules includes coating a core material with molten wax to form a core/shell droplet.
Preferably, the core/shell droplet is formed by a coextruder having a concentric nozzle 100 with an inner nozzle 140 and outer nozzle 120 as seen in Figure 1. The core material flows through the inner nozzle 140, while molten wax flows through the outer nozzle 120 resulting in a coating being applied to the core material. The flow is broken up to form core/shell droplets exiting out of the concentric nozzle 100. As the core/shell material exits the concentric nozzle 100, surface tension causes the core/shell material to break into droplets. The size of the resulting core/shell droplets 150 depends on the size of the coextruder nozzle used. The choice of a coextruder nozzle may rely on the type of wax capsules being manufactured and the intended use. In a preferred embodiment, the wax capsules have a diameter of about 0.1mm to about 5.0mm (e.g., about 0.1mm to about 2mm, about 1mm to about 3mm, about 2mm to about 4mm or about 3mm to about 5mm). Preferably, the concentric nozzle is placed into a container filled with a hot solvent so that the capsules pass through the nozzle 100 directly into the hot solvent. Preferably, the solvent is a hot alcohol 200.
Preferably, the core material is a hydrophilic substance. In a preferred embodiment, suitable core materials include, without limitation, pure water, aqueous solutions of flavors or other active ingredients, propylene glycol, glycerin, honey, combinations thereof, and the like. Preferably, the wax is natural or synthetic. Suitable waxes include, without limitation, beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, castor wax, polyethylene waxes, petroleum based waxes, combinations thereof, and the like. Preferably, paraffin wax is used.
Suitable hot alcohols include, without limitation, methanol, ethanol, propanol, combinations thereof, and the like. In a most preferred embodiment, ethanol is used. The alcohol may be reused for multiple cooling processes.
Preferably, the chosen alcohol has a density that is lower than the density of the chosen molten wax. Other solvents that are not miscible with wax and have a lower density than wax may be used. In a preferred embodiment, the capsules 150 are in liquid form when they exit the concentric nozzle 100. Preferably, the temperature of the hot alcohol at the top of the container, where the nozzle comes into contact with the hot alcohol, is about 2°C to 50C higher than the melting point of the wax being used. If the temperature of the alcohol at the top of the container is too high, then the wax will break and the coating will not properly form. If the temperature of the alcohol at the top of the container is too low, then the nozzle may clog or the wax may solidify so quickly that the capsules aggregate. Preferably, the capsules sink in the heated alcohol.
In a preferred embodiment, the alcohol may be heated with a heating tape located in the container, placed against the container, and/or surrounds the outside of the container. Other heaters such as cartridge heaters, heating coils, etc. located inside or outside the container may also be used alone or in combination with each other or with a heating tape. Accurate control over the temperature can be maintained by using a temperature controller.
Preferably, the container of hot alcohol is placed in a cooling bath 210 to create a temperature gradient from the top of the container to the bottom of the container. Preferably, the temperature of the alcohol at the bottom of the container is about 00C. The cooling bath may be an ice water bath.
As the capsules 150 fall through the container of alcohol 200 the wax 160 gradually solidifies over the core material 155 resulting in capsules 150 with a hard, outer wax shell 160. The capsules may later be collected from the bottom of the alcohol container. In another embodiment, the method for making wax capsules includes immersing a concentric nozzle of a coextruder in a container of hot ethanol. The container of hot ethanol is then placed in a cooling bath, such as a water-ice bath, to create a temperature gradient. A core material and a wax are passed through a concentric nozzle of a coextruder to form a coated capsule. The capsule is then passed into a supply of hot ethanol to solidify the wax. Once the container is filled with capsules, the capsules can be harvested out of the container. The remaining alcohol can be used again to form additional capsules. Preferably, the method is a continuous method. In an embodiment, the method includes connecting a transfer line 300, as seen in Figure 2, to the bottom of the container holding the solvent 200. As the capsules 150 fall to the bottom of the container, the capsules and solvent enter the transfer line 300. The transfer line 300 leads to a second container 350. A sieve 400 extends the length of the container 350 and catches the capsules 150 as they exit the transfer line 300 and pass into the container 350. The solvent passes through the sieve 400 and is processed through the solvent transfer system 425 back into the container 200 for reuse. Preferably the heated alcohol is reheated while it travels through the solvent transfer system. A heat exchanger 450 contacts the solvent transfer system 425 to heat the solvent prior to reentering the container 200.
In an embodiment, the capsules are used in oral tobacco or non-tobacco products. Preferably, the capsules are mixed with tobacco and placed in a pouched product. In an embodiment, each capsule can be individually consumed as a snack. In another embodiment, the capsules can be used as a baking or cooking ingredient. While the foregoing has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made, and equivalents thereof employed, without departing from the scope of the claims.

Claims

CLAIMS:
1. A method of forming core material containing capsules comprising: coating a core material with a molten wax to form a capsule having a coating; and contacting said capsule with a heated alcohol to solidify said coating immediately after coating said core material with said molten wax.
2. The method of Claim 1 , wherein said wax is applied to said core material by a coextruder having a concentric nozzle with an inner nozzle and an outer nozzle.
3. The method of Claim 2, wherein said core material flows through said inner nozzle of said coextruder.
4. The method of Claim 2, wherein said wax flows through said outer nozzle of said coextruder.
5. The method of Claim 2, wherein said concentric nozzle is immersed in a container of heated alcohol.
6. The method of Claim 1 , wherein said core material is a hydrophilic substance.
7. The method of Claim 6, wherein said hydrophilic substance is selected from the group consisting of water, aqueous solutions of flavorants and/or active ingredients, propylene glycol, glycerin, honey and combinations thereof.
8. The method of Claim 1 , wherein said heated alcohol is selected from the group consisting of ethanol, methanol, propanol, and combinations thereof.
9. The method of Claim 1 , wherein said heated alcohol has a density lower than that of said wax.
10 The method of Claim 5, wherein said container of heated alcohol is immersed in a cooling bath to create a temperature gradient.
11. The method of Claim 10, wherein said temperature gradient runs vertically from an UDDer level of the heated alcohol to a Inωer level of the heated alcohol.
12. The method of Claim 11 , wherein the temperature at the upper level of the heated alcohol is about 2°C to 50C hotter than the melting point of said wax.
13. The method of Claim 1 , wherein said wax is selected from the group consisting of beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, castor wax, paraffin wax, polyethylene waxes, petroleum waxes, and combinations thereof.
14. The method of Claim 16, wherein the temperature of said heated alcohol is controlled by a temperature controller.
15. The method of Claim 1 , wherein said core material containing capsules are substantially spherical and have a diameter of about 0.1 mm to about 5.0 mm.
16. The method of Claim 1 , further including passing said capsule and said heated alcohol into a transfer line leading to a container including a sieve for collecting said capsule and a receptacle for holding said heated alcohol.
PCT/IB2008/001843 2007-05-31 2008-05-30 Wax capsules containing hydrophilic cores Ceased WO2008146162A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US92481607P 2007-05-31 2007-05-31
US60/924,816 2007-05-31

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008146162A1 true WO2008146162A1 (en) 2008-12-04
WO2008146162A8 WO2008146162A8 (en) 2009-12-10

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WO (1) WO2008146162A1 (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US8262550B2 (en) 2009-03-19 2012-09-11 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for inserting objects into a filter component of a smoking article
US8882647B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2014-11-11 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
CN108851216A (en) * 2018-08-28 2018-11-23 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 A kind of wax packet emulsion type cigarette capsule and preparation method thereof
CN109222223A (en) * 2018-08-28 2019-01-18 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 A kind of wax water-in type cigarette is with quick-fried pearl and preparation method thereof
CN109875119A (en) * 2017-12-06 2019-06-14 贵州中烟工业有限责任公司 Two-phase flow forming equipment for cigarette explosive beads and processing equipment for cigarette explosive beads
CN110573243A (en) * 2017-05-21 2019-12-13 Lg电子株式会社 Fluid composition preparation device
CN111084415A (en) * 2019-11-12 2020-05-01 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 Wax-sealed water blasting bead and preparation method and device thereof
EP3615192A4 (en) * 2017-06-16 2021-01-06 Matralix Pte Ltd SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF WAX PARTICLES AND LIPIDS
EP3632531A4 (en) * 2017-05-21 2021-02-24 LG Electronics Inc. Fluid composition preparation apparatus

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011004965A1 (en) * 2011-03-02 2012-09-06 Sucrest Gmbh Spherical product, useful in food formulation e.g. ice-cream and jams, comprises a shell made of a solid hydrophobic material and a core of a hydrophilic material, where the shell has a specified range of external diameter
US11388927B2 (en) 2018-04-05 2022-07-19 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filter object insertion apparatus and associated method
DE102019119888A1 (en) 2019-07-23 2021-01-28 Fachhochschule Bielefeld New formulation based on an oleogel, especially for the release of volatile components and a process for its production
CN114847516B (en) * 2022-04-02 2024-10-18 五邑大学 A kind of explosive bead for cigarettes coated with water-soluble flavor and preparation method thereof

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8882647B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2014-11-11 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US9028385B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2015-05-12 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US9398777B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2016-07-26 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US10123562B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2018-11-13 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US11383477B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2022-07-12 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US8262550B2 (en) 2009-03-19 2012-09-11 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for inserting objects into a filter component of a smoking article
US9247770B2 (en) 2009-03-19 2016-02-02 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method of forming a rod for use in the manufacture of cigarette filters
US9486010B2 (en) 2009-03-19 2016-11-08 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for inserting objects into a filter component of a smoking article
CN110573243B (en) * 2017-05-21 2022-03-04 Lg电子株式会社 Fluid composition preparation device
EP3632531A4 (en) * 2017-05-21 2021-02-24 LG Electronics Inc. Fluid composition preparation apparatus
CN110573243A (en) * 2017-05-21 2019-12-13 Lg电子株式会社 Fluid composition preparation device
EP3615192A4 (en) * 2017-06-16 2021-01-06 Matralix Pte Ltd SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF WAX PARTICLES AND LIPIDS
US11491454B2 (en) 2017-06-16 2022-11-08 Matralix Pte Ltd Systems and methods for preparing wax and lipid particles
US11911738B2 (en) 2017-06-16 2024-02-27 Matralix Pte Ltd Systems and methods having an analyzer for use in preparing particles
CN109875119A (en) * 2017-12-06 2019-06-14 贵州中烟工业有限责任公司 Two-phase flow forming equipment for cigarette explosive beads and processing equipment for cigarette explosive beads
CN109222223A (en) * 2018-08-28 2019-01-18 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 A kind of wax water-in type cigarette is with quick-fried pearl and preparation method thereof
CN108851216A (en) * 2018-08-28 2018-11-23 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 A kind of wax packet emulsion type cigarette capsule and preparation method thereof
CN111084415A (en) * 2019-11-12 2020-05-01 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 Wax-sealed water blasting bead and preparation method and device thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US10744476B2 (en) 2020-08-18
WO2008146162A8 (en) 2009-12-10
US20090004337A1 (en) 2009-01-01

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