WO2008137604A1 - Pyridinium boronic acid quenchers for use in analyte sensors - Google Patents
Pyridinium boronic acid quenchers for use in analyte sensors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008137604A1 WO2008137604A1 PCT/US2008/062303 US2008062303W WO2008137604A1 WO 2008137604 A1 WO2008137604 A1 WO 2008137604A1 US 2008062303 W US2008062303 W US 2008062303W WO 2008137604 A1 WO2008137604 A1 WO 2008137604A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- group
- polymer
- amide
- pyridinium
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 37
- UQOXCVFYWKHHQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N OBO.C1=CC=NC=C1 Chemical compound OBO.C1=CC=NC=C1 UQOXCVFYWKHHQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical class C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 52
- -1 methacrylamido- Chemical class 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 26
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims description 13
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100026735 Coagulation factor VIII Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000911390 Homo sapiens Coagulation factor VIII Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ZHXTWWCDMUWMDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyboron Chemical compound O[B]O ZHXTWWCDMUWMDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MSQCQZMTRWHMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propane-1-sulfonic acid;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCS(O)(=O)=O MSQCQZMTRWHMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKDPJRCBCBQNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,2-dimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C(C)=C WFKDPJRCBCBQNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TURITJIWSQEMDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-n-[(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)methyl]prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NCNC(=O)C(C)=C TURITJIWSQEMDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical class C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 35
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 18
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 125000005620 boronic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 11
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 8
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N Deuterated methanol Chemical compound [2H]OC([2H])([2H])[2H] OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PJUPKRYGDFTMTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxybenzotriazole;hydrate Chemical compound O.C1=CC=C2N(O)N=NC2=C1 PJUPKRYGDFTMTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 0 C*c1cncc(C(OC)=O)c1 Chemical compound C*c1cncc(C(OC)=O)c1 0.000 description 5
- LJOOWESTVASNOG-UFJKPHDISA-N [(1s,3r,4ar,7s,8s,8as)-3-hydroxy-8-[2-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2s)-2-methylbutanoate Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=C[C@H]2C[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)CC1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 LJOOWESTVASNOG-UFJKPHDISA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940127204 compound 29 Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxybenzotriazole Substances O=C1C=CC=C2NNN=C12 NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- TWBYWOBDOCUKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isonicotinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 TWBYWOBDOCUKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UAOUIVVJBYDFKD-XKCDOFEDSA-N (1R,9R,10S,11R,12R,15S,18S,21R)-10,11,21-trihydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-14-methylidene-4-(prop-2-enylamino)-20-oxa-5-thia-3-azahexacyclo[9.7.2.112,15.01,9.02,6.012,18]henicosa-2(6),3-dien-13-one Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@]23C(C1=C)=O)C[C@H]2[C@]12C(N=C(NCC=C)S4)=C4CC(C)(C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@]3(O)OC2 UAOUIVVJBYDFKD-XKCDOFEDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IWZSHWBGHQBIML-ZGGLMWTQSA-N (3S,8S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-isoquinolin-7-yl-N,N,10,13-tetramethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-amine Chemical compound CN(C)[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C)C3CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H](CC[C@@H]4c4ccc5ccncc5c4)[C@@H]3CC=C2C1 IWZSHWBGHQBIML-ZGGLMWTQSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WZZBNLYBHUDSHF-DHLKQENFSA-N 1-[(3s,4s)-4-[8-(2-chloro-4-pyrimidin-2-yloxyphenyl)-7-fluoro-2-methylimidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]-3-fluoropiperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxyethanone Chemical compound CC1=NC2=CN=C3C=C(F)C(C=4C(=CC(OC=5N=CC=CN=5)=CC=4)Cl)=CC3=C2N1[C@H]1CCN(C(=O)CO)C[C@@H]1F WZZBNLYBHUDSHF-DHLKQENFSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TVTJUIAKQFIXCE-HUKYDQBMSA-N 2-amino-9-[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-7-prop-2-ynyl-1H-purine-6,8-dione Chemical compound NC=1NC(C=2N(C(N(C=2N=1)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]1O)F)CO)=O)CC#C)=O TVTJUIAKQFIXCE-HUKYDQBMSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NPRYCHLHHVWLQZ-TURQNECASA-N 2-amino-9-[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-7-prop-2-ynylpurin-8-one Chemical compound NC1=NC=C2N(C(N(C2=N1)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]1O)F)CO)=O)CC#C NPRYCHLHHVWLQZ-TURQNECASA-N 0.000 description 3
- SOSPMXMEOFGPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dibromopyridine Chemical compound BrC1=CN=CC(Br)=C1 SOSPMXMEOFGPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ISMDILRWKSYCOD-GNKBHMEESA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[C@@H]1NC(OCCCCCCCCCCCNC([C@@H](NC(C[C@@H]1O)=O)C(C)C)=O)=O Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[C@@H]1NC(OCCCCCCCCCCCNC([C@@H](NC(C[C@@H]1O)=O)C(C)C)=O)=O ISMDILRWKSYCOD-GNKBHMEESA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940126639 Compound 33 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SMNRFWMNPDABKZ-WVALLCKVSA-N [[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-5-(2,6-dioxo-3H-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-fluoro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)C2C=CC(=O)NC2=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](F)[C@@H]1O SMNRFWMNPDABKZ-WVALLCKVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- HBWDWGMBZIFBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylboronic acid Chemical group OB(O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 HBWDWGMBZIFBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940125773 compound 10 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229940125851 compound 27 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- KXXXUIKPSVVSAW-UHFFFAOYSA-K pyranine Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=C2C(O)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=C1 KXXXUIKPSVVSAW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZNOEFDBSJKZFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N OB(CC1=CC=CC=C1)O.C1=CC=NC=C1.C1=CC=NC=C1 Chemical class OB(CC1=CC=CC=C1)O.C1=CC=NC=C1.C1=CC=NC=C1 AZNOEFDBSJKZFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000560 biocompatible material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000249 biocompatible polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940125810 compound 20 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960004132 diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- JAXFJECJQZDFJS-XHEPKHHKSA-N gtpl8555 Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](B1O[C@@]2(C)[C@H]3C[C@H](C3(C)C)C[C@H]2O1)CCC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JAXFJECJQZDFJS-XHEPKHHKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLVXBBHTMQJRSX-VMGNSXQWSA-N jdtic Chemical compound C1([C@]2(C)CCN(C[C@@H]2C)C[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]2NCC3=CC(O)=CC=C3C2)=CC=CC(O)=C1 ZLVXBBHTMQJRSX-VMGNSXQWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- XHIRWEVPYCTARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-aminopropyl)-2-methylprop-2-enamide;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(=C)C(=O)NCCCN XHIRWEVPYCTARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bisulfate Chemical compound [K+].OS([O-])(=O)=O CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000343 potassium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- ABMYEXAYWZJVOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-3-ylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CN=C1 ABMYEXAYWZJVOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003176 water-insoluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GNWBLLYJQXKPIP-ZOGIJGBBSA-N (1s,3as,3bs,5ar,9ar,9bs,11as)-n,n-diethyl-6,9a,11a-trimethyl-7-oxo-2,3,3a,3b,4,5,5a,8,9,9b,10,11-dodecahydro-1h-indeno[5,4-f]quinoline-1-carboxamide Chemical compound CN([C@@H]1CC2)C(=O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H](C(=O)N(CC)CC)[C@@]2(C)CC1 GNWBLLYJQXKPIP-ZOGIJGBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMQUKDQWMMOHSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pyridin-4-ylethanone Chemical class CC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 WMQUKDQWMMOHSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPQQSJJWHUJYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propyliminomethylidene-ethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN=C=NCCCN(C)C FPQQSJJWHUJYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABVCMDMBWDRVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxypyrene-1,2,3-trisulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC=C2C=C(O)C3=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C4=CC=C1C2=C43 ABVCMDMBWDRVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTYHUTYJKFVTJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxypyrene-1,2,3-trisulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C1=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(S(O)(=O)=O)=C2C(O)=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C34 MTYHUTYJKFVTJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTKWYSNDTXDBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-dioxoanthracene-1,2-disulfonic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 PTKWYSNDTXDBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUAQVFRUPZBRJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C(NCCCN)=O)=C Chemical compound CC(C(NCCCN)=O)=C GUAQVFRUPZBRJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZROSISAPFWWAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C(NCCCNC(c1cc(NC(c2ccncc2)=O)cc(NC(c2ccncc2)=O)c1)=O)=O)=C Chemical compound CC(C(NCCCNC(c1cc(NC(c2ccncc2)=O)cc(NC(c2ccncc2)=O)c1)=O)=O)=C ZZROSISAPFWWAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJCBMTJUXHTQKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC(c1cc(-c2cncc(Br)c2)cnc1)=O Chemical compound COC(c1cc(-c2cncc(Br)c2)cnc1)=O JJCBMTJUXHTQKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYWLDOMAEQHKJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC(c1cc(N)cc(N)c1)=O Chemical compound COC(c1cc(N)cc(N)c1)=O IYWLDOMAEQHKJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCEITFUMFZZUQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC(c1cncc(-c2cc(-c3cccnc3)cnc2)c1)=O Chemical compound COC(c1cncc(-c2cc(-c3cccnc3)cnc2)c1)=O NCEITFUMFZZUQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclohexylamine Chemical class C1CCCCC1NC1CCCCC1 XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N [(1r,2s,4r,5r)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxy-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl] 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)O[C@H]1C(O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(C)=CC=2)[C@@H]2OC[C@H]1O2 NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012644 addition polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001543 aryl boronic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- UWCPYKQBIPYOLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC(C(Cl)=O)=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 UWCPYKQBIPYOLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFOZBWSTIQRFQW-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl-dimethyl-prop-2-enylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=CC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XFOZBWSTIQRFQW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LBSPZZSGTIBOFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[2-(4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)propan-2-yl]diazene;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.N=1CCNC=1C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C1=NCCN1 LBSPZZSGTIBOFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PCPIANOJERKFJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 5-bromopyridine-3-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CN=CC(Br)=C1 PCPIANOJERKFJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
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- VFQXVTODMYMSMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isonicotinamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 VFQXVTODMYMSMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012633 leachable Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OLXYLDUSSBULGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl pyridine-4-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 OLXYLDUSSBULGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002794 monomerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)C=C YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Butyllithium Substances [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004780 naphthols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001139 pH measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- FIKAKWIAUPDISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L paraquat dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].C1=C[N+](C)=CC=C1C1=CC=[N+](C)C=C1 FIKAKWIAUPDISJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XMAPHCGFUPXIEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyren-1-yl acetate Chemical compound C1=C2C(OC(=O)C)=CC=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 XMAPHCGFUPXIEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012048 reactive intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005208 trialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UZNHKBFIBYXPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[3-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(=C)C(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)C UZNHKBFIBYXPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/52—Use of compounds or compositions for colorimetric, spectrophotometric or fluorometric investigation, e.g. use of reagent paper and including single- and multilayer analytical elements
- G01N33/521—Single-layer analytical elements
- G01N33/523—Single-layer analytical elements the element being adapted for a specific analyte
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/025—Boronic and borinic acid compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2400/00—Assays, e.g. immunoassays or enzyme assays, involving carbohydrates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/10—Composition for standardization, calibration, simulation, stabilization, preparation or preservation; processes of use in preparation for chemical testing
- Y10T436/104998—Glucose, ketone, nitrate standard or control
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/14—Heterocyclic carbon compound [i.e., O, S, N, Se, Te, as only ring hetero atom]
- Y10T436/142222—Hetero-O [e.g., ascorbic acid, etc.]
- Y10T436/143333—Saccharide [e.g., DNA, etc.]
- Y10T436/144444—Glucose
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/14—Heterocyclic carbon compound [i.e., O, S, N, Se, Te, as only ring hetero atom]
- Y10T436/145555—Hetero-N
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to the detection of polyhydroxyl -substituted organic molecules, and in particular to the use of pyridinium salts functionalized with boronic acids as quenchers of fluorescent dyes.
- Alkyl pyridinium surfactants have been widely studied as fluorescence quenchers. Fluorophores that have been successfully quenched include polycycHc aromatic hydrocarbons (Pandey et al. 1999 Talanta 48:1 103-1 1 10; Palit et al. 1997 Chem Phys Lett 269:286-292; Wadek and Tucker 2000 Talanta 53:571-578; Mao et al. 2003 J Sep Sci 26:1643-1649), am ⁇ nofluorene (Saha et al. 1999 J Photochem Photobiol A 121 :191-198), and carbazole substituents on polymers (Yatsue et al. 1992 J Phys Chem 96:10125 - 10129).
- a terpyridinium quencher having the structure (T-I) below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
- a terpyridinium quencher having the structure (T-2) below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
- a method of making T-2 is disclosed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention comprising the steps of:
- X- is a counterion;
- X ! is -O- or -NH-;
- X 2 is -O- or NH-
- Z is either a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group selected from but not limited to methacrylamido-, acrylamido-, methacryloyl-, acryloyl-, or styryl- or optionally Z is a reactive functional group, capable of forming a covalent bond with a polymer or matrix.
- Such groups include but are not limited to -Br, -OH, -SH, -CO 2 H, and -NH 2 .
- Z is wherein R is H or CH 3 ;
- Q ( OH ) 2 may be in the ortho, meta or para position.
- X is -O- or -NH-
- R ' is an alkyl, optionally including O- units in the carbon chain and terminated with -OH or -OCH 3 .
- a py ⁇ dinium quencher having the structure (P-I) below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
- a pyridinium quencher having the generic structure below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
- Z is a reactive, ethylenically unsaturated group selected from but not limited to methacrylamido-, acrylamido-, methacryloyl-, acryloyl-, or styryl- or optionally Z is a reactive functional group, capable of forming a covalent bond with a polymer or matrix.
- groups include but are not limited to -Br, -OH, -SH, -CO 2 H, and -NH 2 .
- Z is wherein R is H or CH 3 ;
- Y is a trivalent connecting group selected from where R is H or a lower
- X 1 and X 2 are -O- or -NH-;
- a pyridinium quencher having the structure (P-2) below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
- a method of making P-2 is disclosed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention comprising the steps of:
- X " is a count eri on
- X 1 is "O- or -NH-;
- X 2 is -O- or-NH-;
- Z is a reactive group selected from a coupling group or an olefinically unsaturated
- B ( OH ) 2 m ay be in the ortho, meta or para position.
- P-3 A specific pyridinium boronic acid quencher, termed P-3, having the structure below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
- a method of making P-3 is disclosed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention comprising the steps of:
- X " is a counterion
- X 1 is -O- or -NH-
- X 2 is -O- or -NH-
- Z is wherein R is H or CH 3 ; the ambiguously depicted bonds are in the ortho, meta or para position; and B(OH) 2 maybe in the ortho, meta or para position.
- P-4 Another pyridinium boronic acid quencher, termed P-4, having the structure below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
- a method of making P-4 is disclosed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention comprising the steps of:
- an analyte sensor comprising a fluorophore configured to absorb light at a first wavelength and emit light at a second wavelength and a quencher configured to modify the light emitted by the fluorophore by an amount related to the analyte concentration, wherein the quencher comprises a boronic acid-substituted pyridinium.
- the quencher is selected from the group consisting ofPl , P2, P3 and P4.
- a glucose sensor is disclosed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, comprising any one or more analyte-binding moieties selected from the group consisting of T-I, T-2, P-I , P-2, P-3 and P-4; a fluorescent dye, e.g., HPTS-triCys-MA; and optionally an analyte permeable component, e.g., a polymer matrix or a semipermeable membrane, that provides a means for immobilizing the dye and quencher.
- analyte-binding moieties selected from the group consisting of T-I, T-2, P-I , P-2, P-3 and P-4
- a fluorescent dye e.g., HPTS-triCys-MA
- an analyte permeable component e.g., a polymer matrix or a semipermeable membrane, that provides a means for immobilizing the dye and quencher.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the glucose response of a sensor comprising quencher P-I and dye
- HPTS-triCys-MA immobilized within a hydrogel at the tip of an optical fiber.
- the detection chemistry was excited at 470 nm and fluorescence was measured between 520- 700 nm in the presence of increasing concentrations of glucose.
- Fluorescent dyes and analyte-binding moieties that modulate fluorescence upon binding analyte are known and have been used in indicator systems for analyte detection. See e.g., US Patent Nos. 6,653,14] , 6,627,177, 5,512,246, 5,137,833, 6,800,451, 6,794,195, 6,804,544, 6,002,954, 6,319,540, 6,766,183, 5,503,770, and 5,763,238; and co-pending US Patent Appl. Nos. 10/456,895, 1 1/296.898, 1 1/671 ,880, 60/833,081, 60/888,477, and 60/888,475; each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference thereto.
- one mechanism that may be employed in some of the preferred indicator systems described in the above-referenced co-pending US Patent applications includes inter alia the formation of a ground state complex between the analyte-binding moiety and the fluorescent dye. As a result of the fo ⁇ nation of the complex, the fluorescence may be quenched.
- the boronic acid group on the preferred analyte-binding moiety reacts with a polyhydroxyl-substituted organic molecule such as glucose, the boron becomes negatively charged. This weakens the complex, resulting in dissociation, and an increase in fluorescence that is related to glucose concentration.
- the indicator systems of the present invention for the detection of polyhydroxyl- substituted organic molecules comprise a novel class of pyridinium salts functionalized with boronic acids as the analyte binding moieties.
- the analyte-binding pyridinium quenchers exhibit one or more of the following characteristics. They are: 1 ) compatible with aqueous media; 2) substituted with boronic acid groups; 3) inherently positively charged, preferably with at least one cationic group per boronic acid; and 4) amenable to immobilization.
- the analyte-binding quenchers are hypothesized to be good electron acceptors and the electron transfer process is reversible.
- boronic acid refers to a structure -B(OH) 2 . It is recognized by those skilled in the art that a boronic acid may be present as a boronate ester at various stages in the synthesis of the quenchers of this invention. Boronic acid is meant to include such esters.
- Fluorophore refers to a substance that when illuminated by light at a particular wavelength emits light at a longer wavelength; i.e., it fluoresces. Fluorophores include organic dyes, organometallic compounds, metal chelates, fluorescent conjugated polymers, quantum dots or nanoparticles and combinations of the above. Fluorophores may be discrete moieties or substituents attached to a polymer. "Fluorescent dye” or “dye” is selected from a discrete compound or a reactive intermediate which is convertible to a second discrete compound, or to a polymerizable compound.
- Linking group also termed “L” refers to divalent moieties that covalently connect the sensing moiety to the polymer or matrix.
- Quencher refers to a compound that reduces the emission of a fluorophore when in its presence.
- Pyridinium refers to a pyridine substituted on the nitrogen to form a positively charged onium salt, optionally substituted at other positions on the pyridine ring. Pyridinium Quenchers
- Pyridinium salts functionalized with boronic acids for use as analyte-binding quenchers have been synthesized.
- useful pyridiniums are substituted with carbonyl groups and are structurally configured and functionally adapted to bind polyhydroxyl -substituted organic molecules (e.g., sugars) and may be used in chemical indicator systems of glucose sensors as alternatives to viologen- boronic acid adducts, such as 3,3'-oBBV or derivatives thereof, described e.g., in co- pending US Patent Appl. Nos. 1 1/296,898 and 1 1/671,880.
- the moiety that provides recognition of polyhydroxyl-substituted organic molecules is an aromatic boronic acid.
- the boronic acid is either attached via a linker group or covalently bonded to a conjugated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatic structure.
- the boronic acid substituted quencher preferably has a pKa of between about 4 and 9, and reacts reversibly with glucose in aqueous media at a pH from about 6.8 to 7.8 to form boronate esters.
- the extent of reaction is related to glucose concentration in the medium. Formation of a boronate ester diminishes quenching of the fluorphore by the pyridinium resulting in an increase in fluorescence dependent on glucose concentration.
- X- is a counterion
- X 1 is -O- or -NH-
- X 2 is -O- or-NH-
- Z is wherein R is H or CH 3 ;
- X is -O- or -NH-
- R " is an alkyl, optionally including O- units in the carbon chain and terminated with -OH or -OCH 3 .
- a pyridinium quencher having the structure (P-I) below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
- a pyridinium quencher having the generic structure below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
- Z is a reactive group as previously defined
- I O Y is a trivalent connecting group selected from where R is H or a lower
- X ! and X 2 are -O- or -NH-;
- L ! , L 2 , and L 3 are selected from a direct bond or, a lower alkylene having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally terminated with or interrupted by one or more divalent connecting
- a pyridinium quencher having the structure (P-2) below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
- bridging group between the boronic acid functionalized pyridinium groups is to allow the two boronic acids to bind cooperatively to one glucose molecule.
- the bridging group could also include other chemical linkages, such as e.g., ethylene oxide segments.
- P- 2 is representative of a family of poly benzylboronic acid pyridinium salts wherein the pyridinium rings are connected by a bridging group attached at the meta- and para-positions through a carbonyl substituent.
- a method of making P-2 is disclosed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention comprising the steps of:
- X " is a counterion
- X' is -O- or -NH-
- X 2 is -O- or-NH-
- Z is either a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group selected from but not limited to methacrylamido-, acrylamido-, methacryloyl-, acryloyl-, or styryl- or optionally Z is a reactive functional group, capable of forming a covalent bond with a polymer or matrix.
- groups include but are not limited to -Br, -OH, -SH, -CO 2 H, and -NH 2 .
- Z is wherein R is H or CH 3 ; the bond from the central benzene ring is to the ortho, meta or para position on the adjacent pyridinium rings;
- B ( OH ) 2 niay be in the ortho, meta or para position.
- P-3 A specific pyridinium boronic acid quencher, termed P-3, having the structure below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
- a method of making P-3 is disclosed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention comprising the steps of:
- X " is a counterion
- X 1 is -O- or -NH-
- X 2 is -O- or -NH-
- Z is wherein R is H or CH 3 ; the ambiguously depicted bonds are in the ortho, meta or para position; and B ( OH ) 2 may be in the ortho, meta or para position.
- P-4 Another pyridinium boronic acid quencher, termed P-4, having the structure below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
- a method of making P-4 is disclosed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention comprising the steps of:
- P-I is one such representative of this new class of polymerizable, benzyl boronic acid pyridinium salts. It is a simple molecule that is easy to make from readily available intermediates and it performs like viologen-based hydrogels.
- polypyridinium quenchers have three or more benzyl boronic acid groups (e.g., T-I and T-2). These compounds differ from both monovalent pyridinium variants such as P-I and from viologens, which comprise two benzyl boronic acid groups.
- T-I and T-2 are fully N-alkylated polypyri dines, wherein the pyridine rings are directly coupled (i.e., no linking group between rings). They can also be classified as extended conjugation viologens (i.e., two pyridinium rings connected by a conjugated bridging moiety).
- the T-2 polypyridinium quencher comprises a trifunctional moiety that links to a reactive group and two terpyridinium groups.
- P2, P3 and P4 are bis-pyridiniums.
- Boronic acid substituted polypyri diniums are another class of preferred quenchers, wherein there are more than two rings coupled together.
- the term "polypyridinium” includes: a discrete compound comprised of three or more pyridinium groups covalently bonded together by a linking group, a polymer comprised of pyridinium repeat units in the chain, a polymer with pyridinium groups pendant to the chain, a dendrimer comprised of pyridinium units, preferably including pyridinium terminal groups, an oligomer comprised of pyridinium units, preferably including pyridinium endgroups, and combinations thereof.
- the quenchers disclosed herein are substituted with at least two boronic acid groups and are water-soluble or dispersible polymers or hydrogels comprised of polypyridinium boronic acids.
- the polypyridinium boronic acid is directly bonded to an inert substrate.
- Quencher precursors comprised of polypyridinium boronic acids include low molecular weight polypyridinium boronic acids further substituted with polymerizable groups or coupling groups.
- non- polymerizable versions can be made that are useful for in vitro applications.
- These embodiments comprise a non -polymerizable group (e.g., the methacrylamido group can be replaced with a solub ⁇ lizing group such as a PEG substiruent).
- the monovalent- or polypyridinium-boronic acid adduct may be a discrete compound having a molecular weight of about 400 daltons or greater. In other embodiments, it may also be a pendant group or a chain unit of a water-soluble or water- dispersible polymer with a molecular weight greater than about 10,000 daltons.
- the quencher-polymer unit may be non-covalently associated with a polymer matrix and is physically immobilized therein. In yet another embodiment, the quencher- polymer unit may be immobilized as a complex with a negatively charge water-soluble polymer.
- the monovalent- or polypyridinium -boronic acid moiety may be a pendant group or a chain unit in a crosslinked, hydrophilic polymer or hydrogel sufficiently permeable to the analyte (e.g., glucose) to allow equilibrium to be established.
- the quencher may be covalently bonded to a second water- insoluble polymer matrix by a linker as described herein. The quencher may be linked to a water-insoluble polymer matrix at one or two sites in some embodiments.
- the chemical indicator systems used in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention comprise a fluorophore operably coupled to an analyte binding moiety, wherein analyte binding causes an apparent optical change in the fluorophore concentration (e.g., emission intensity). It is further desired that the fluorophore has different acid and base forms that exhibit a detectable difference in spectral properties such that ratiometric pH sensing may be enabled; see e.g., co-pending US Patent Appl. No. 11/671,880.
- a glucose binding moiety e.g., P-I that is operably coupled to a fluorescent dye, such as HPTS-triCysMA, will quench the emission intensity of the fluorescent dye, wherein the extent of quenching is reduced upon glucose binding resulting in an increase in emission intensity related to glucose concentration.
- P-I has at least one boronic acid per pyridinium whereas other pyrid ⁇ nium quenchers may have multiple pyridinium rings, some of which are not substituted with boronic acid groups.
- the indicator systems also comprise a means for immobilizing the sensing moieties (e.g., dye-quencher) such that they remain physically close enough to one another to react (quenching).
- such immobilizing means are preferably insoluble in an aqueous environment (e.g., intravascular), permeable to the target analytes, and impermeable to the sensing moieties.
- the immobilizing means comprises a water-insoluble organic polymer matrix.
- the dye and quencher may be effectively immobilized withm a DMAA (N,N- dimethylacrylamide) hydrogel matrix, which allows glucose sensing in vivo.
- DMAA N,N- dimethylacrylamide
- useful dyes include pyranine derivatives (e.g. hydroxypyrene tri sulfonamide derivatives and the like).
- the dye may be one of the polymeric derivatives of hydroxypyrene trisulfonic acid.
- the fluorescent dye may be HPTS-TriCys-MA:
- substitutions other than Cys-MA on the HPTS core are consistent with aspects of the present invention, as long as the substitutions are negatively charged and have a polymerizable group.
- Either L or D stereoisomers of cysteine may be used.
- only one or two of the sulfonic acids may be substituted.
- other counterions besides NBu 4 + may be used, including positively charged metals, e.g., Na + .
- the sulfonic acid groups may be replaced with e.g., phosphoric, carboxylic, etc. functional groups.
- the sensing components are used as individual (discrete) components.
- the fluorophore and quencher are mixed together in liquid solution, analyte is added, the change in fluorescence intensity is measured, and the components are discarded.
- Polymeric matrices that can be used to trap the sensing components to prevent leaching need not be present.
- the sensing components are immobilized which allows their use to measure analytes in a moving stream.
- the analyte sensor is used in a moving stream of physiological fluid which contains one or more polyhydroxyl organic compounds or is implanted in tissue such as muscle which contains said compounds. Therefore, it is preferred that none of the sensing moieties escape from the sensor assembly.
- the sensing components are preferably part of an organic polymer sensing assembly. Soluble dyes and quenchers can be confined by a semi-permeable membrane that allows passage of the analyte but blocks passage of the sensing moieties.
- sensing moieties soluble molecules that are substantially larger than the analyte molecules (molecular weight of at least twice that of the analyte or greater than 1000 preferably greater than 5000); and employing a selective semipermeable membrane such as a dialysis or an ultrafiltration membrane with a specific molecular weight cutoff between the two so that the sensing moieties are quantitatively retained.
- the sensing moieties are immobilized in an insoluble polymer matrix, which is freely permeable to glucose.
- the polymer matrix is comprised of organic, inorganic or combinations of polymers thereof.
- the matrix may be composed of biocompatible materials.
- the matrix is coated with a second biocompatible polymer that is permeable to the analytes of interest.
- the function of the polymer matrix is to hold together and immobilize the fluorophore and quencher moieties while at the same time allowing contact with the analyte, and binding of the analyte to the boronic acid.
- the matrix must be insoluble in the medium, and in close association with it by establishing a high surface area interface between matrix and analyte solution.
- an ultra-thin film or microporous support matrix is used.
- the matrix is swellable in the analyte solution, e.g. a hydrogel matrix is used for aqueous systems.
- the sensing polymers are bonded to a surface such as the surface of a light conduit, or impregnated in a microporous membrane.
- the matrix must not interfere with transport of the analyte to the binding sites so that equilibrium can be established between the two phases.
- Techniques for preparing ultra-thin films, microporous polymers, microporous sol-gels, and hydrogels are established in the art. All useful matrices are defined as being analyte permeable.
- Hydrogel polymers are used in some embodiments.
- hydrogel refers to a polymer that swells substantially, but does not dissolve in water.
- hydrogels may be linear, branched, or network polymers, or polyelectrolyte complexes, with the proviso that they contain no soluble or leachable fractions.
- hydrogel networks are prepared by a crosslinking step, which is performed on water-soluble polymers so that they swell but do not dissolve in aqueous media.
- the hydrogel polymers are prepared by copolymerizing a mixture of hydrophilic and crosslinking monomers to obtain a water swellable network polymer.
- Such polymers are formed either by addition or condensation polymerization, or by combination process.
- the sensing moieties are incorporated into the polymer by copolymerization using monomelic derivatives in combination with network-forming monomers.
- reactive moieties are coupled to an already prepared matrix using a post polymerization reaction. Said sensing moieties are units in the polymer chain or pendant groups attached to the chain.
- the hydrogels useful in this invention are also monolithic polymers, such as a single network to which both dye and quencher are covalently bonded, or multi- component hydrogels.
- Multi-component hydrogels include interpenetrating networks, polyelectrolyte complexes, and various other blends of two or more polymers to obtain a water swellable composite, which includes dispersions of a second polymer in a hydrogel matrix and alternating microlayer assemblies.
- Monolithic hydrogels are typically formed by free radical copolymerization of a mixture of hydrophilic monomers, including but not limited to HEMA, PEGMA, methacrylic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamide, N,N'-dimethyl acrylamide, and the like; ionic monomers include methacryloylaminopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, vinyl benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, sodium sulfopropyl methacrylate, and the like; crosslinkers include ethylene dimethacrylate, PEGDMA, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and the like.
- hydrophilic monomers including but not limited to HEMA, PEGMA, methacrylic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamide, N,N'-dimethyl acrylamide, and the like;
- the dye moiety is derived from an ethylenically unsaturated derivative of a dye molecule, such as 8-acetoxypyrene-l,3,6-N, N', N"-tris(methacryIamidopropylsulfonamide),
- the quencher moiety is derived from an ethylenically unsaturated viologen such as 4-N-(benzyl-3-boronic acid)-4'-N'-(benzyl-4ethenyl)-dipyridinium dihalide (m-SBBV) and the matrix is made from HEMA and PEGDMA.
- the concentration of dye is chosen to optimize emission intensity.
- the ratio of quencher to dye is adjusted to provide sufficient quenching to produce the desired measurable signal.
- a monolithic hydrogel is formed by a condensation polymerization.
- acetoxy pyrene trisulfonyl chloride is reacted with an excess of PEG diamine to obtain a tris-(amino PEG) adduct dissolved in the unreacted diamine.
- a solution of excess trimesoyl chloride and an acid acceptor is reacted with 4-N-(benzyl-3- boronic acid)-4'-N'-(2 hydroxyethyl) bipyridinium dihalide to obtain an acid chloride functional ester of the viologen.
- the two reactive mixtures are brought into contact with each other and allowed to react to form the hydrogel, e.g. by casting a thin film of one mixture and dipping it into the other.
- multi- component hydrogels wherein the dye is incorporated in one component and the quencher in another are preferred for making the sensor of this invention.
- these systems are optionally molecularly imprinted to enhance interaction between components and to provide selectivity for glucose over other polyhydroxy analytes.
- the multicomponent system is an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) or a semi -interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN).
- the IPN polymers are typically made by sequential polymerization. First, a network comprising the quencher is formed. The network is then swollen with a mixture of monomers including the dye monomer and a second polymerization is carried out to obtain the IPN hydrogel.
- the semi-IPN hydrogel is formed by dissolving a soluble polymer containing dye moieties in a mixture of monomers including a quencher monomer and polymerizing the mixture.
- the sensing moieties are immobilized by an insoluble polymer matrix which is freely permeable to polyhydroxyl compounds. Additional details on hydrogel systems have been disclosed in US Patent Publications Nos. US2004/0028612, and 2006/0083688 which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
- the polymer matrix is comprised of organic, inorganic or combinations of polymers thereof
- the matrix may be composed of biocompatible materials.
- the matrix is coated with a second biocompatible polymer that is permeable to the analytes of interest.
- the function of the polymer matrix is to hold together and immobilize the fluorescent dye and quencher moieties while at the same time allowing contact with the analytes (e.g., polyhydroxyl compounds, H + and OH " ), and binding of the polyhydroxyl compounds to the boronic acid. Therefore, the matrix is insoluble in the medium and in close association with it by establishing a high surface area interface between matrix and analyte solution.
- the matrix also does not interfere with transport of the analyte to the binding sites so that equilibrium can be established between the two phases.
- an ultra-thin film or microporous support matrix may be used.
- the matrix that is swellable in the analyte solution e.g. a hydrogel matrix
- the sensing polymers are bonded to a surface such as the surface of a light conduit, or impregnated in a microporous membrane. Techniques for preparing ultra-thin films, microporous polymers, microporous sol-gels, and hydrogels have been established in the prior art.
- N- (3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (0.16 g, 0.9 mmol) and triethylamine (0.15 mL, 1.1 mrnol) were added.
- the reaction was stirred for 18 h, then washed with saturated NaHCO 3 (3 x 25 mL).
- the DCM layer was dried with MgSO 4 , reduced in volume in vacuo, and purified by flash column chromatography (2% - 20% methanol in DCM) to give compound 30 (0.19 g, 62%) as a white solid.
- TLC: Rf 0.50 (10% MeOH/ DCM on a plate treated with triethylamine).
- the aqueous layer was removed and adjusted to pH 7.6 with NaOH (3M, 2 mL), saturated with NaCl, and extracted with THF (3 x 6 mL).
- the THF layers were combined, dried with MgSO 4 , evaporated to an oil, diluted with CH 3 CN (40 mL), and heated at 70 0 C for 30 min. The solution was let crystallize at 4 0 C for 72 h. The yellow solid was filtered, washed with ice-cold CH 3 CN, and air-dried (0.38 g, 37%).
- N- (3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride 1.0 g, 5.6 mmol
- triethylamine 0.8 mL, 5.6 mmol
- the reaction was stirred for 2 h., then washed with saturated NaHCO 3 (3 x 25 mL).
- the DCM layer was dried with MgSO 4 , reduced in volume in vacuo, and purified by flash column chromatography (2% - 10% methanol in DCM) to give compound 33 (0.37 g, 32%) as a white solid.
- the quencher, P-I was dissolved in 41.4 ⁇ L of a stock solution containing N 1 N'- dimethylacrylamide (100 mg) and MN'-methylenebismethacrylamide (2 mg). This quencher solution ⁇ 20.7 ⁇ L) was then added to a solution containing HPTS-TnCys-MA (50 ⁇ L of a 2 mM aqueous solution), HCl (20 ⁇ L of a 100 mM solution), 2,2'-azobis[2-(2- imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride (10 ⁇ L, of a 40 mg/mL solution), and Dl water (99.3 ⁇ L). Some of this solution was then polymerized onto the tip of a fiber optic sensor by heating at 37 0 C for 24 h. to form a hydrogel.
- the sensor was tested by placing it in solutions containing different glucose concentrations ranging from 0 mg/dL to 400 mg/dL.
- the hydrogel indicator chemistry at the tip of the optical fiber was excited with light at a wavelength of 470 run. Fluorescence emission was monitored between 520-700 nm. The results are illustrated in FlG. 1.
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Abstract
Novel pyridinium salts functionalized with boronic acid and methods of making them are disclosed. When combined with a fluorescent dye, the compounds are useful in the detection of polyhydroxyl-substituted organic molecules.
Description
PYRlDINI UM BORONIC ACID QUENCHERS FOR USE IN ANALYTE SENSORS
Related Applications
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/915,372 filed May 1 , 2007, which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to the detection of polyhydroxyl -substituted organic molecules, and in particular to the use of pyridinium salts functionalized with boronic acids as quenchers of fluorescent dyes. Description of the Related Art
Investigators have made fluorophores with N-benzyl -2 -boronic acid pyridinium groups attached to a porphyrin ring (Arimori, S. et al. 1996 J Am Chem Soc 118:245-246). They were used to promote aggregation with another porphyrin substiuted with saccharide groups via intermolecular ester formation. Benzyl-2- and benzyl -4-boronic acid substituents on the pyridine nitrogens in substituted porphyrins were also described (Arimori et aL 1996 Chemistry Letters 25:77). They were used to distinguish chiral orientation in sugars. It was shown that the fluorescence was reduced by complex formation between these porphyrins and anthraquinone disulfonates. The complex was dissociated by reaction of the boronic acids with fructose resulting in an increase in fluorescence. The quenching moiety in this case was the anthraquinone component (Arimori et al. 1995 J Chem Soc, Chem Commun 9:961-962). Subsequently, investigators described a dye with a pyridine ring in the structure, substituted on the nitrogen with a benzyl -2-boroni c acid group (Takeuchi et al, 1996 Bull Chem Soc (Jpn) 69:2613-2618). It was noted that the pyridinium group in ortho- position enhances reactivity of boronic acids with diols. This dye was used to detect nucleotides. In a paper concerning trialkyl ammonium substituted benzyl -2 -boronic acids, a generic formula for N-benzyl-2-boronic acid derivatives of para- substituted pyridines was given, where the substituent was specified as an R-group {i.e., alkyl) (Takeuchi et al. 1996 Tetrahedron 52:12931 -12940).
A pyridinium salt without a boronic acid substituent was used as a reference compound in a quenching study (Cordes et al. 2005 Langmuir 21:6540-6547). Other investigators measured the fluorescence quenching activity and glucose response of the three isomers of N-benzylboronic acid pyridinium salts. These compounds showed poor
quenching of pyranine fluorescence and gave no glucose response (See e.g., "Detection of glucose with arylboronic acid containing viologens and fluorescent dyes: Progress toward a continuous glucose monitoring system for in vivo applications" Cappuccio, Frank E., Ph.D. Dissertation; UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA CRUZ, 2004). A comparative study was reported on the quenching of Ru(bpy)3 by methyl viologen
(MV) and a series of 4-substituted N-methyl pyridiniums (Jones and Malba 1985 J Org Chetn 50:5776-5782). This study showed that pyridiniums substituted in the 4- position with electron withdrawing groups conjugated to the ring behaved like MV. These compounds showed reversible reduction at similar potentials and had Stern- Volmer (S-V) constants in the same range.
Alkyl pyridinium surfactants have been widely studied as fluorescence quenchers. Fluorophores that have been successfully quenched include polycycHc aromatic hydrocarbons (Pandey et al. 1999 Talanta 48:1 103-1 1 10; Palit et al. 1997 Chem Phys Lett 269:286-292; Wadek and Tucker 2000 Talanta 53:571-578; Mao et al. 2003 J Sep Sci 26:1643-1649), amϊnofluorene (Saha et al. 1999 J Photochem Photobiol A 121 :191-198), and carbazole substituents on polymers (Yatsue et al. 1992 J Phys Chem 96:10125 - 10129).
Most studies were with simple N-alky] pyridinium salts where the alkyl group was large enough to make the salt surface active. The polymer study was carried out with para- substituted N-alkyl pyridiniums, including derivatives of 4-acetyl pyridine, methyl isonicotinate, and isonicotinamide. In other studies with ring substituted pyridiniums, bis- picolinium salts with N,N'-alkylene bridging groups were used to quench the fluorescence of naphthols. The quenching efficiency of the bis compounds was substantially higher than that of a mono-picolinium control; and was highest for the compound with a methylene linker. (Panda et al. 1998 J Photochem Photobio A 113:73-80).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A terpyridinium quencher having the structure (T-I) below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
A method of making T-I is disclosed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention comprising the steps of:
A terpyridinium quencher having the structure (T-2) below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
A method of making T-2 is disclosed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention comprising the steps of:
Pyridinium quenchers having generic structures as shown below are disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention. A. Reactive Compound:
wherein:
X- is a counterion;
X! is -O- or -NH-;
X2 is -O- or NH-,
L is a divalent linking group selected from a direct bond or, a lower alkylene having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally terminated with or interrupted by one or more divalent connecting groups selected from sulfonamide (-SO2NH-), amide -(C=O)N-, ester -(C=O)-O-, ether -0-, sulfide -S-, sulfone (-SO2-), phenylene -C6H4-, urethane -NH(C=O)-O-, urea -NH(C=O)NH-, thiourea -NH(C=S)-NH-, amide -(C=O)NH-, amine - NR- (where R is defined as alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms);
Z is either a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group selected from but not limited to methacrylamido-, acrylamido-, methacryloyl-, acryloyl-, or styryl- or optionally Z is a reactive functional group, capable of forming a covalent bond with a polymer or matrix.
Such groups include but are not limited to -Br, -OH, -SH, -CO2H, and -NH2. In one
is substituted on the pyridinium ring in the meta or para position; and Q(OH) 2 may be in the ortho, meta or para position.
B. Non-Reactive Compound:
wherein
X is -O- or -NH-; and
R' is an alkyl, optionally including O- units in the carbon chain and terminated with -OH or -OCH3.
A pyπdinium quencher having the structure (P-I) below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
A method of making P-I is disclosed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention comprising the steps of:
A pyridinium quencher having the generic structure below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Z is a reactive, ethylenically unsaturated group selected from but not limited to methacrylamido-, acrylamido-, methacryloyl-, acryloyl-, or styryl- or optionally Z is a reactive functional group, capable of forming a covalent bond with a polymer or matrix.
Such groups include but are not limited to -Br, -OH, -SH, -CO2H, and -NH2. In one
X1 and X2 are -O- or -NH-; and
L1 J L2, and L3 are selected from a direct bond or, a lower alkylene having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally terminated with or interrupted by one or more divalent connecting groups selected from sulfonamide (-SO2NH-), amide -(C=O)N-, ester -(C=O)-O-, ether - 0-, sulfide -S-, sulfone (-SO2-), phenylene -COH4-, urethane -NH(C=O)-O-, urea -NH(C=O)NH-, thiourea -NH(C=S)-NH-, amide -(C=O)NH-, amine -NR- (where R is defined as alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) or combinations thereof.
A pyridinium quencher having the structure (P-2) below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
; wherein n = 1-10. A method of making P-2 is disclosed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention comprising the steps of:
P-2
Another pyridinium boronic acid quencher having the generic structure below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
X" is a count eri on;
X1 is "O- or -NH-;
X2 is -O- or-NH-; L is a divalent linking selected from a direct bond or, a lower alkylene having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally terminated with or interrupted by one or more divalent connecting groups selected from sulfonamide (-SO2NH-), amide -(C=O)N-, ester -(C=O)-O-, ether -
O, sulfide -S-, sulfone (-SO2-), phenylene -C6H4-, urethane -NH(C=O)-O-, urea -NH(C=O)NH-, thiourea -NH(C=S)-NH-, amide -(C=O)NH-, amine -NR- (where R is defined as alky] having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) or combinations thereof;
Z is a reactive group selected from a coupling group or an olefinically unsaturated
group, or Z is
wherein R is H or CH3; the bond from the central benzene ring is to the ortho, meta or para position on the adjacent pyridinium rings; and
B(OH) 2 may be in the ortho, meta or para position.
A specific pyridinium boronic acid quencher, termed P-3, having the structure below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
A method of making P-3 is disclosed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention comprising the steps of:
Another pyridinium boronic acid quencher having the generic structure below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
X" is a counterion;
X1 is -O- or -NH-;
X2 is -O- or -NH-;
L is a divalent linking selected from a direct bond or, a lower alkylene having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally terminated with or interrupted by one or more divalent connecting groups selected from sulfonamide (-SO2NH-), amide -(C=O)N-, ester -(C=O)-O-, ether - 0-, sulfide -S-, sulfone (-SO2-), phenylene -C6H4-, urethane -NH(C=O)-O-, urea -NH(C=O)NH-, thiourea -NH(C=S)-NH-, amide -(C=O)NH-, amine -NR- (where R is defined as alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) or combinations thereof;
Z is either a polymerizable ethyl enical Iy unsaturated group selected from but not limited to methacrylamido-, acrylamido-, methacryloyl-, acryloyl-, or styryl- or optionally Z is a reactive functional group, capable of forming a covalent bond with a polymer or matrix. Such groups include but are not limited to -Br, -OH, -SH, -CO2H, and -NH2. In one
embodiment, Z is
wherein R is H or CH3; the ambiguously depicted bonds are in the ortho, meta or para position; and B(OH)2 maybe in the ortho, meta or para position.
Another pyridinium boronic acid quencher, termed P-4, having the structure below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
A method of making P-4 is disclosed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention comprising the steps of:
In one embodiment, an analyte sensor is disclosed comprising a fluorophore configured to absorb light at a first wavelength and emit light at a second wavelength and a quencher configured to modify the light emitted by the fluorophore by an amount related to
the analyte concentration, wherein the quencher comprises a boronic acid-substituted pyridinium. In preferred embodiments, the quencher is selected from the group consisting ofPl , P2, P3 and P4.
A glucose sensor is disclosed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, comprising any one or more analyte-binding moieties selected from the group consisting of T-I, T-2, P-I , P-2, P-3 and P-4; a fluorescent dye, e.g., HPTS-triCys-MA; and optionally an analyte permeable component, e.g., a polymer matrix or a semipermeable membrane, that provides a means for immobilizing the dye and quencher.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 illustrates the glucose response of a sensor comprising quencher P-I and dye
HPTS-triCys-MA immobilized within a hydrogel at the tip of an optical fiber. The detection chemistry was excited at 470 nm and fluorescence was measured between 520- 700 nm in the presence of increasing concentrations of glucose.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Fluorescent dyes and analyte-binding moieties that modulate fluorescence upon binding analyte are known and have been used in indicator systems for analyte detection. See e.g., US Patent Nos. 6,653,14] , 6,627,177, 5,512,246, 5,137,833, 6,800,451, 6,794,195, 6,804,544, 6,002,954, 6,319,540, 6,766,183, 5,503,770, and 5,763,238; and co-pending US Patent Appl. Nos. 10/456,895, 1 1/296.898, 1 1/671 ,880, 60/833,081, 60/888,477, and 60/888,475; each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference thereto.
Although Applicants do not intend to be bound by the proposed mechanism of action, one mechanism that may be employed in some of the preferred indicator systems described in the above-referenced co-pending US Patent applications includes inter alia the formation of a ground state complex between the analyte-binding moiety and the fluorescent dye. As a result of the foπnation of the complex, the fluorescence may be quenched. When the boronic acid group on the preferred analyte-binding moiety reacts with a polyhydroxyl-substituted organic molecule such as glucose, the boron becomes negatively charged. This weakens the complex, resulting in dissociation, and an increase in fluorescence that is related to glucose concentration. The indicator systems of the present invention for the detection of polyhydroxyl- substituted organic molecules (e.g., sugars) comprise a novel class of pyridinium salts functionalized with boronic acids as the analyte binding moieties. In embodiments of the
present invention, the analyte-binding pyridinium quenchers exhibit one or more of the following characteristics. They are: 1 ) compatible with aqueous media; 2) substituted with boronic acid groups; 3) inherently positively charged, preferably with at least one cationic group per boronic acid; and 4) amenable to immobilization. The analyte-binding quenchers are hypothesized to be good electron acceptors and the electron transfer process is reversible.
As used herein, "boronic acid" refers to a structure -B(OH)2. It is recognized by those skilled in the art that a boronic acid may be present as a boronate ester at various stages in the synthesis of the quenchers of this invention. Boronic acid is meant to include such esters.
"Fluorophore" refers to a substance that when illuminated by light at a particular wavelength emits light at a longer wavelength; i.e., it fluoresces. Fluorophores include organic dyes, organometallic compounds, metal chelates, fluorescent conjugated polymers, quantum dots or nanoparticles and combinations of the above. Fluorophores may be discrete moieties or substituents attached to a polymer. "Fluorescent dye" or "dye" is selected from a discrete compound or a reactive intermediate which is convertible to a second discrete compound, or to a polymerizable compound.
"Linking group", also termed "L", refers to divalent moieties that covalently connect the sensing moiety to the polymer or matrix. Examples of L include those which are each independently selected from a direct bond or, a lower alkylene having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally terminated with or interrupted by one or more divalent connecting groups selected from sulfonamide (-SO2NH-), amide -(C=O)N-, ester -(C=O)-O-, ether -0-, sulfide -S-, sulfone (-SO2-), phenylene -C6H4-, urethane -NH(C=O)-O-, urea
-NH(C=O)NH-, thiourea -NH(C=S)-NH-, amide -(C=O)NH-, amine -NR- (where R is defined as alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) and the like.
"Quencher" refers to a compound that reduces the emission of a fluorophore when in its presence.
"Pyridinium" refers to a pyridine substituted on the nitrogen to form a positively charged onium salt, optionally substituted at other positions on the pyridine ring. Pyridinium Quenchers
Pyridinium salts functionalized with boronic acids for use as analyte-binding quenchers have been synthesized. In accordance with preferred embodiments, useful pyridiniums are substituted with carbonyl groups and are structurally configured and
functionally adapted to bind polyhydroxyl -substituted organic molecules (e.g., sugars) and may be used in chemical indicator systems of glucose sensors as alternatives to viologen- boronic acid adducts, such as 3,3'-oBBV or derivatives thereof, described e.g., in co- pending US Patent Appl. Nos. 1 1/296,898 and 1 1/671,880.
The moiety that provides recognition of polyhydroxyl-substituted organic molecules (e.g., glucose) is an aromatic boronic acid. The boronic acid is either attached via a linker group or covalently bonded to a conjugated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatic structure. The boronic acid substituted quencher preferably has a pKa of between about 4 and 9, and reacts reversibly with glucose in aqueous media at a pH from about 6.8 to 7.8 to form boronate esters. The extent of reaction is related to glucose concentration in the medium. Formation of a boronate ester diminishes quenching of the fluorphore by the pyridinium resulting in an increase in fluorescence dependent on glucose concentration.
A generic structure of a reactive compound is shown below:
wherein:
X- is a counterion;
X1 is -O- or -NH-;
X2 is -O- or-NH-;
L is a divalent linking selected from a direct bond or, a lower alkylene having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally terminated with or interrupted by one or more divalent connecting groups selected from sulfonamide (-SO2NH-), amide -(C=O)N-, ester -(C=O)-O-, ether - O-, sulfide -S-, sulfone (-SO2-), phenylene -C6H4-, urethane -NH(C=O)-O-, urea -NH(C=O)NH-, thiourea -NH(C=S)-NH-, amide -(C=O)NH-, amine -NR- (where R is defined as alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) or combinations thereof;
Z is either a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group selected from but not limited to methacrylamido-, acrylamido-, methacryloyl-, acryloyl-, or styryl- or optionally Z is a reactive functional group, capable of forming a covalent bond with a polymer or matrix. Such groups include but are not limited to -Br, -OH, -SH, -CO2H, and -NH2. In one
is substituted on the pyridinium ring in the meta or para position, and -B(OH) 2 may be in the ortho, meta or para position.
A generic structure of a non-reactive compound is shown below
wherein
X is -O- or -NH-; and
R" is an alkyl, optionally including O- units in the carbon chain and terminated with -OH or -OCH3.
A pyridinium quencher having the structure (P-I) below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
A method of making P-I is disclosed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention comprising the steps of:
5 A pyridinium quencher having the generic structure below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Z is a reactive group as previously defined;
X! and X2 are -O- or -NH-; and
L!, L2, and L3 are selected from a direct bond or, a lower alkylene having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally terminated with or interrupted by one or more divalent connecting
15 groups selected from sulfonamide (-SO2NH-), amide -(C=O)N-, ester -(C=O)-O-, ether - 0-, sulfide -S-, sulfone (-SO2-), phenylene -C6H4-, urethane -NH(C=O)-O-, urea
-NH(C=O)NH-, thiourea -NH(C=S)-NH-, amide -(C=O)NH-, amine -NR- (where R is defined as alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) or combinations thereof.
A pyridinium quencher having the structure (P-2) below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
One purpose of the bridging group between the boronic acid functionalized pyridinium groups is to allow the two boronic acids to bind cooperatively to one glucose molecule. The inventors hypothesize that this may result in enhanced glucose selectivity. Rather than being a simple carbon chain (as illustrated, wherein n = 1-10), the bridging group could also include other chemical linkages, such as e.g., ethylene oxide segments. P- 2 is representative of a family of poly benzylboronic acid pyridinium salts wherein the pyridinium rings are connected by a bridging group attached at the meta- and para-positions through a carbonyl substituent.
A method of making P-2 is disclosed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention comprising the steps of:
P-2
Another pyridinium boronic acid quencher having the generic structure below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
X" is a counterion;
X' is -O- or -NH-;
X2 is -O- or-NH-;
L is a divalent linking selected from a direct bond or, a lower alkylene having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally terminated with or interrupted by one or more divalent connecting groups selected from sulfonamide (-SO2NH-), amide -(C=O)N-, ester -(C=O)-O-, ether -
O-, sulfide -S-, sulfone (-SO2-), phenylene -C6H4-, urethane -NH(C=O)-O-, urea -NH(C=O)NH-, thiourea -NH(C=S)-NH-, amide -(C=O)NH-, amine -NR- (where R is defined as alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) or combinations thereof;
Z is either a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group selected from but not limited to methacrylamido-, acrylamido-, methacryloyl-, acryloyl-, or styryl- or optionally Z is a reactive functional group, capable of forming a covalent bond with a polymer or matrix. Such groups include but are not limited to -Br, -OH, -SH, -CO2H, and -NH2. In one
embodiment, Z is
wherein R is H or CH3; the bond from the central benzene ring is to the ortho, meta or para position on the adjacent pyridinium rings; and
B(OH) 2 niay be in the ortho, meta or para position.
A specific pyridinium boronic acid quencher, termed P-3, having the structure below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
A method of making P-3 is disclosed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention comprising the steps of:
Another pyridinmm boronic acid quencher having the generic structure below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
X" is a counterion;
X1 is -O- or -NH-;
X2 is -O- or -NH-;
L is a divalent linking selected from a direct bond or, a lower alkylene having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally terminated with or interrupted by one or more divalent connecting groups selected from sulfonamide (-SO2NH-), amide -(C=O)N-, ester -(C=O)-O-, ether - O-, sulfide -S-, sulfone (-SO2-), phenylene -C6H4-, urethane -NH(C=O)-O-, urea -NH(C=O)NH-, thiourea -NH(C=S)-NH-, amide -(C=O)NH-, amine -NR- (where R is defined as alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) or combinations thereof;
Z is either a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group selected from but not limited to methacrylamido-, acrylamido-, methacryloyl-, acryloyl-, or styryl- or optionally Z is a reactive functional group, capable of forming a covalent bond with a polymer or matrix. Such groups include but are not limited to -Br, -OH, -SH, -CO2H, and -NH2. In one
embodiment, Z is
wherein R is H or CH3; the ambiguously depicted bonds are in the ortho, meta or para position; and B(OH) 2 may be in the ortho, meta or para position.
Another pyridinium boronic acid quencher, termed P-4, having the structure below is disclosed in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention.
A method of making P-4 is disclosed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention comprising the steps of:
Some pyridinium quenchers disclosed herein emcompass monovalent structures with a single benzyl boronic acid group. P-I is one such representative of this new class of
polymerizable, benzyl boronic acid pyridinium salts. It is a simple molecule that is easy to make from readily available intermediates and it performs like viologen-based hydrogels.
Other embodiments of pyridinium quenchers, termed polypyridinium quenchers have three or more benzyl boronic acid groups (e.g., T-I and T-2). These compounds differ from both monovalent pyridinium variants such as P-I and from viologens, which comprise two benzyl boronic acid groups. T-I and T-2 are fully N-alkylated polypyri dines, wherein the pyridine rings are directly coupled (i.e., no linking group between rings). They can also be classified as extended conjugation viologens (i.e., two pyridinium rings connected by a conjugated bridging moiety). The T-2 polypyridinium quencher comprises a trifunctional moiety that links to a reactive group and two terpyridinium groups.
As disclosed herein, P2, P3 and P4 are bis-pyridiniums. Boronic acid substituted polypyri diniums are another class of preferred quenchers, wherein there are more than two rings coupled together. The term "polypyridinium" includes: a discrete compound comprised of three or more pyridinium groups covalently bonded together by a linking group, a polymer comprised of pyridinium repeat units in the chain, a polymer with pyridinium groups pendant to the chain, a dendrimer comprised of pyridinium units, preferably including pyridinium terminal groups, an oligomer comprised of pyridinium units, preferably including pyridinium endgroups, and combinations thereof.
In some embodiments, the quenchers disclosed herein are substituted with at least two boronic acid groups and are water-soluble or dispersible polymers or hydrogels comprised of polypyridinium boronic acids. Alternatively, the polypyridinium boronic acid is directly bonded to an inert substrate. Quencher precursors comprised of polypyridinium boronic acids include low molecular weight polypyridinium boronic acids further substituted with polymerizable groups or coupling groups. Some of the structures disclosed herein are quencher precursors (i.e., monomers) used to make the sensing polymers. It would not be practical to use the monomers as quenchers for in vitro applications due to their reactivity. On the other hand, non- polymerizable versions can be made that are useful for in vitro applications. These embodiments comprise a non -polymerizable group (e.g., the methacrylamido group can be replaced with a solubϊlizing group such as a PEG substiruent).
In some embodiments, the monovalent- or polypyridinium-boronic acid adduct may be a discrete compound having a molecular weight of about 400 daltons or greater. In other embodiments, it may also be a pendant group or a chain unit of a water-soluble or water-
dispersible polymer with a molecular weight greater than about 10,000 daltons. In one embodiment, the quencher-polymer unit may be non-covalently associated with a polymer matrix and is physically immobilized therein. In yet another embodiment, the quencher- polymer unit may be immobilized as a complex with a negatively charge water-soluble polymer.
In other embodiments, the the monovalent- or polypyridinium -boronic acid moiety may be a pendant group or a chain unit in a crosslinked, hydrophilic polymer or hydrogel sufficiently permeable to the analyte (e.g., glucose) to allow equilibrium to be established. In other embodiments, the quencher may be covalently bonded to a second water- insoluble polymer matrix by a linker as described herein. The quencher may be linked to a water-insoluble polymer matrix at one or two sites in some embodiments. Analyte Sensors
The chemical indicator systems used in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention comprise a fluorophore operably coupled to an analyte binding moiety, wherein analyte binding causes an apparent optical change in the fluorophore concentration (e.g., emission intensity). It is further desired that the fluorophore has different acid and base forms that exhibit a detectable difference in spectral properties such that ratiometric pH sensing may be enabled; see e.g., co-pending US Patent Appl. No. 11/671,880. For example, a glucose binding moiety, e.g., P-I that is operably coupled to a fluorescent dye, such as HPTS-triCysMA, will quench the emission intensity of the fluorescent dye, wherein the extent of quenching is reduced upon glucose binding resulting in an increase in emission intensity related to glucose concentration. P-I has at least one boronic acid per pyridinium whereas other pyridϊnium quenchers may have multiple pyridinium rings, some of which are not substituted with boronic acid groups. In further preferred embodiments, the indicator systems also comprise a means for immobilizing the sensing moieties (e.g., dye-quencher) such that they remain physically close enough to one another to react (quenching). Where in vivo sensing is desired, such immobilizing means are preferably insoluble in an aqueous environment (e.g., intravascular), permeable to the target analytes, and impermeable to the sensing moieties. Typically, the immobilizing means comprises a water-insoluble organic polymer matrix. For example, the dye and quencher may be effectively immobilized withm a DMAA (N,N- dimethylacrylamide) hydrogel matrix, which allows glucose sensing in vivo.
Some exemplary fluorophores and immobilizing means are set forth in greater detail below. In some embodiments, useful dyes include pyranine derivatives (e.g. hydroxypyrene tri sulfonamide derivatives and the like). In other embodiments, the dye may be one of the polymeric derivatives of hydroxypyrene trisulfonic acid.
In one preferred embodiment, the fluorescent dye may be HPTS-TriCys-MA:
HPTS-CysMA
Of course, in some embodiments, substitutions other than Cys-MA on the HPTS core are consistent with aspects of the present invention, as long as the substitutions are negatively charged and have a polymerizable group. Either L or D stereoisomers of cysteine may be used. In some embodiments, only one or two of the sulfonic acids may be substituted. Likewise, in variations to HPTS-CysMA shown above, other counterions besides NBu4 + may be used, including positively charged metals, e.g., Na+. In other variations, the sulfonic acid groups may be replaced with e.g., phosphoric, carboxylic, etc. functional groups. In some embodiments, for use in vitro not involving a moving stream, the sensing components are used as individual (discrete) components. The fluorophore and quencher are mixed together in liquid solution, analyte is added, the change in fluorescence intensity is measured, and the components are discarded. Polymeric matrices that can be used to trap the sensing components to prevent leaching need not be present. Optionally, the sensing components are immobilized which allows their use to measure analytes in a moving stream. Applications in vivo
For in vivo applications, the analyte sensor is used in a moving stream of physiological fluid which contains one or more polyhydroxyl organic compounds or is implanted in tissue such as muscle which contains said compounds. Therefore, it is preferred that none of the sensing moieties escape from the sensor assembly. Thus, for use in vivo, the sensing components are preferably part of an organic polymer sensing assembly. Soluble dyes and quenchers can be confined by a semi-permeable membrane that allows
passage of the analyte but blocks passage of the sensing moieties. This can be realized by using as sensing moieties soluble molecules that are substantially larger than the analyte molecules (molecular weight of at least twice that of the analyte or greater than 1000 preferably greater than 5000); and employing a selective semipermeable membrane such as a dialysis or an ultrafiltration membrane with a specific molecular weight cutoff between the two so that the sensing moieties are quantitatively retained.
Preferably, the sensing moieties are immobilized in an insoluble polymer matrix, which is freely permeable to glucose. The polymer matrix is comprised of organic, inorganic or combinations of polymers thereof. The matrix may be composed of biocompatible materials. Alternatively, the matrix is coated with a second biocompatible polymer that is permeable to the analytes of interest.
The function of the polymer matrix is to hold together and immobilize the fluorophore and quencher moieties while at the same time allowing contact with the analyte, and binding of the analyte to the boronic acid. To achieve this effect, the matrix must be insoluble in the medium, and in close association with it by establishing a high surface area interface between matrix and analyte solution. For example, an ultra-thin film or microporous support matrix is used. Alternatively, the matrix is swellable in the analyte solution, e.g. a hydrogel matrix is used for aqueous systems. In some instances, the sensing polymers are bonded to a surface such as the surface of a light conduit, or impregnated in a microporous membrane. In all cases, the matrix must not interfere with transport of the analyte to the binding sites so that equilibrium can be established between the two phases. Techniques for preparing ultra-thin films, microporous polymers, microporous sol-gels, and hydrogels are established in the art. All useful matrices are defined as being analyte permeable. Hydrogel polymers are used in some embodiments. The term, hydrogel, as used herein refers to a polymer that swells substantially, but does not dissolve in water. Such hydrogels may be linear, branched, or network polymers, or polyelectrolyte complexes, with the proviso that they contain no soluble or leachable fractions. Typically, hydrogel networks are prepared by a crosslinking step, which is performed on water-soluble polymers so that they swell but do not dissolve in aqueous media. Alternatively, the hydrogel polymers are prepared by copolymerizing a mixture of hydrophilic and crosslinking monomers to obtain a water swellable network polymer. Such polymers are formed either by addition or condensation polymerization, or by combination process. In
these cases, the sensing moieties are incorporated into the polymer by copolymerization using monomelic derivatives in combination with network-forming monomers. Alternatively, reactive moieties are coupled to an already prepared matrix using a post polymerization reaction. Said sensing moieties are units in the polymer chain or pendant groups attached to the chain.
The hydrogels useful in this invention are also monolithic polymers, such as a single network to which both dye and quencher are covalently bonded, or multi- component hydrogels. Multi-component hydrogels include interpenetrating networks, polyelectrolyte complexes, and various other blends of two or more polymers to obtain a water swellable composite, which includes dispersions of a second polymer in a hydrogel matrix and alternating microlayer assemblies.
Monolithic hydrogels are typically formed by free radical copolymerization of a mixture of hydrophilic monomers, including but not limited to HEMA, PEGMA, methacrylic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamide, N,N'-dimethyl acrylamide, and the like; ionic monomers include methacryloylaminopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, vinyl benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, sodium sulfopropyl methacrylate, and the like; crosslinkers include ethylene dimethacrylate, PEGDMA, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and the like. The ratios of monomers are chosen to optimize network properties including permeability, swelling index, and gel strength using principles well established in the art. In one embodiment, the dye moiety is derived from an ethylenically unsaturated derivative of a dye molecule, such as 8-acetoxypyrene-l,3,6-N, N', N"-tris(methacryIamidopropylsulfonamide), the quencher moiety is derived from an ethylenically unsaturated viologen such as 4-N-(benzyl-3-boronic acid)-4'-N'-(benzyl-4ethenyl)-dipyridinium dihalide (m-SBBV) and the matrix is made from HEMA and PEGDMA. The concentration of dye is chosen to optimize emission intensity. The ratio of quencher to dye is adjusted to provide sufficient quenching to produce the desired measurable signal.
In some embodiments, a monolithic hydrogel is formed by a condensation polymerization. For example, acetoxy pyrene trisulfonyl chloride is reacted with an excess of PEG diamine to obtain a tris-(amino PEG) adduct dissolved in the unreacted diamine. A solution of excess trimesoyl chloride and an acid acceptor is reacted with 4-N-(benzyl-3- boronic acid)-4'-N'-(2 hydroxyethyl) bipyridinium dihalide to obtain an acid chloride functional ester of the viologen. The two reactive mixtures are brought into contact with
each other and allowed to react to form the hydrogel, e.g. by casting a thin film of one mixture and dipping it into the other.
In other embodiments, multi- component hydrogels wherein the dye is incorporated in one component and the quencher in another are preferred for making the sensor of this invention. Further, these systems are optionally molecularly imprinted to enhance interaction between components and to provide selectivity for glucose over other polyhydroxy analytes. Preferably, the multicomponent system is an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) or a semi -interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN).
The IPN polymers are typically made by sequential polymerization. First, a network comprising the quencher is formed. The network is then swollen with a mixture of monomers including the dye monomer and a second polymerization is carried out to obtain the IPN hydrogel.
The semi-IPN hydrogel is formed by dissolving a soluble polymer containing dye moieties in a mixture of monomers including a quencher monomer and polymerizing the mixture. In some embodiments, the sensing moieties are immobilized by an insoluble polymer matrix which is freely permeable to polyhydroxyl compounds. Additional details on hydrogel systems have been disclosed in US Patent Publications Nos. US2004/0028612, and 2006/0083688 which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
The polymer matrix is comprised of organic, inorganic or combinations of polymers thereof The matrix may be composed of biocompatible materials. Alternatively, the matrix is coated with a second biocompatible polymer that is permeable to the analytes of interest. The function of the polymer matrix is to hold together and immobilize the fluorescent dye and quencher moieties while at the same time allowing contact with the analytes (e.g., polyhydroxyl compounds, H+ and OH"), and binding of the polyhydroxyl compounds to the boronic acid. Therefore, the matrix is insoluble in the medium and in close association with it by establishing a high surface area interface between matrix and analyte solution. The matrix also does not interfere with transport of the analyte to the binding sites so that equilibrium can be established between the two phases. In one embodiment, an ultra-thin film or microporous support matrix may be used. In another embodiment, the matrix that is swellable in the analyte solution (e.g. a hydrogel matrix) can be used for aqueous systems. In some embodiments, the sensing polymers are bonded to a surface such as the surface of a light conduit, or impregnated in a microporous membrane.
Techniques for preparing ultra-thin films, microporous polymers, microporous sol-gels, and hydrogels have been established in the prior art.
EXAMPLE 1
Synthesis of T-I
Compound 27 - To a solution of 3,5-dibromopyridine (0.47 g, 2.0 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (15 mL), was added an aqueous solution Of K3PO4 (2 M, 3 mL), followed by PPh3 (0.21 g, 0.8 mmol) and Pd(OAc)2 (0.05 g, 0.2 mmol). After stirring for 5 min., [5-(methoxycarbonyl)ρyridin-3-yl]boronic acid (0.9 g, 5 mmol) was added, and the reaction was refluxed for 2 h. while a gentle and steady stream of argon was bubbled through the solution. After cooling to room temperature, water (10 mL) was added, and the reaction was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over MgSO4, concentrated in vacuo, and purified by flash column chromatography (100% CHCl3) to give compound 27 (0.3 g, 51%). TLC: Rf = 0.49 (2% MeOH/ CHCl3). 1H NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) 6 4.01 (s, 3H), 8.08 (t, J= 2.1 Hz, IH), 8.49 (t, J= 2.1 Hz, IH), 8.77 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, IH), 8.80 (d, J= 2.0 Hz, IH), 9.0 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, IH), 9.28 (d, J= 2.0 Hz, IH).
Compound 28 - To a suspension of compound 27 (0.3 g, 1.0 mmol) and 3- pyridineboronic acid (0.14 g, 1.1 mmol) in anhydrous 1 ,4-dioxane (5 mL), was added PPh3 (0.05 g, 0.2 mmol) and Pd(OAc)2 (0.01 g, 0.05 mmol) followed by an aqueous solution of K3PO4 (2 M, 1.1 mL). The reaction was refluxed for 1.5 h. while a gentle and steady stream of argon was bubbled through the solution. After cooling to room temperature, EtOAc (10 mL) was added, and the organic layer was washed with dilute NaHCO3 (5 mL), brine (5 mL), dried over MgSO4, concentrated in vacuo, and purified by flash column
chromatography (2% - 20% methanol in DCM) to give compound 28 (0.24 g, 83%). 1H NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) δ 4.02 (s, 3H), 7.48 (dd, J = 8.1, 4.5 Hz, IH), 7.97 (dt, J = 7.9, 1.9 Hz, IH)3 8.10 (t, J = 2.2 Hz, IH), 8.57 (t, J = 2.1 Hz, IH), 8.72 (dd, J = 4.8, 4.2 Hz, IH), 8.93 (m, 3H), 9.08 (d, J= 2.3 Hz, IH), 9.30 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, IH). Compound 29 - To a suspension of compound 28 (0.24 g, 0.8 rnmol) in THF (15 mL), MeOH (10 mL), and water (3 πiL), was added LiOH (0.03 g, 1.4 mmol). After stirring forl 5 min., the reaction became clear. The reaction was stirred for 18 h., and the volatiles were then evaporated. The remaining aqueous solution was diluted with NaOH (1 M, 20 mL), washed with DCM (10 mL), and acidified to pH 4 with KHSO4 (1 M) to precipitate the product. The white solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried under vacuum 29 (0.21 g, 95%). 1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 500 MHz) δ 7.56 (ddd, J = 7.9, 4.8, 0.8 Hz, IH), 8.33 (ddd, J= 7.9, 2.3, 1.7 Hz, IH), 8.59 (t, J = 2.2 Hz, IH), 8.66 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.6 Hz, IH), 8.68 (t, J = 2.2 Hz, IH), 9.04 (dd, J= 4.1, 2.2 Hz, 2H), 9.12 (m, 2H), 9.26 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, IH). Compound 30 - To a cooled (0 0C) suspension of compound 29 (0.21 g, 0.76 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL), was added N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.17 g, 0.9 mmol), 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole hydrate (0.12 g, 0.9 mmol), and triethylamine (0.15 mL, 1.1 mmol). After stirring for 30 min. at 0 0C, N- (3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (0.16 g, 0.9 mmol) and triethylamine (0.15 mL, 1.1 mrnol) were added. The reaction was stirred for 18 h, then washed with saturated NaHCO3 (3 x 25 mL). The DCM layer was dried with MgSO4, reduced in volume in vacuo, and purified by flash column chromatography (2% - 20% methanol in DCM) to give compound 30 (0.19 g, 62%) as a white solid. TLC: Rf= 0.50 (10% MeOH/ DCM on a plate treated with triethylamine). 1H NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) δ 1.84 (p, J= 6.0 Hz, 2H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 3.51 (q, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.55 (q, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 5.39 (s, IH), 5.79 (s, IH), 6.30 (t, IH), 7.46 (dd, J = 7.9, 4.9 Hz, IH), 7.98 (ddd, J = 7.9, 2.3, 1.7 Hz, IH), 8.06 (t, IH), 8.18 (t, J = 2.2 Hz, IH), 8.58 (t, J = 2.2 Hz, IH), 8.71 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.5 Hz, I H), 8.92 (d, J= 2.1 Hz, IH)5 8.94 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, IH), 8.98 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, IH), 9.04 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, IH), 9.22 (d, J= 2.1 Hz, IH). Compound T-I - 2-Bromomethylphenyl boronic acid (0.6 g, 2.8 mmol) was added to a solution of compound 30 (0.19 g, 0.47 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) and ethylene glycol (0.16 mL, 2.8 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 55 0C for 72 h. Diethylether (20 mL) was added to separate the product as an oil. The solvent was decanted, and the remaining oil
was sonicated in acetone until it became a pale yellow powder. The solid was collected by centπfugation, washed with acetone several times and dried under argon (0.29 g, 59%). 1H NMR (D2O, 500 MHz) δ 1.89 (p, J - 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 3.36 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.50 (I, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 5.40 (s, IH), 5.65 (s, I H), 6.10 (s, 2H), 6.16 (s, 2H), 6.17 (s, 2H), 7.60 (m, 9H), 7.80 (m, 3H), 8.26 (dd, J = 8.1 , 6.3 Hz, 1 H), 8.93 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 9.07 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, IH), 9.25 (m, 2H), 9.28 (t, J = 1.6 Hz, IH), 9.32 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 2H), 9.39 (s, IH), 9.46 (s, IH).
EXAMPLE 2
Synthesis of T-2
Compound 19 - To a suspension of 3,5-dibromopyridine (2.1 g, 9.0 mmol) and 3- pyridineboronic acid (1.1 g, 9.0 mmol) in anhydrous 1 ,4-dioxane (40 mL), was added an aqueous solution Of K3PO4 (2 M, 9 mL), followed by PPh3 (0.5 g, 2.0 mmol) and Pd(OAc)2 (0.1 1 g, 0.5 mmol). The reaction was refluxed for 2 h. while a gentle and steady stream of argon was bubbled through the solution. After cooling to room temperature, the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (1 x 100 mL). The organic layer was washed with dilute NaHCO3 (3 x 50 mL) and brine (1 x 50 mL), dried over MgSO4, concentrated in vacuo, and purified by flash column chromatography (2% - 20% methanol in DCM) to give compound 19 (1.3 g, 61%). TLC: R, = 0.63 (10% MeOH/DCM). 1H NMR (CD3OD, 500 MHz) δ 7.59 (ddd, J= 8.0, 4.9, 0.8 Hz, IH), 8.18 (ddd, J = 8.0, 2.3, 1.6 Hz, IH), 8.38 (t, J= 2.1 Hz, IH), 8.63 (dd, J = 4.9, 1.5 Hz, IH), 8.72 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, IH), 8.85 (d, J= 2.0 Hz, IH), 8.88 (dd, J = 2.4, 0.7 Hz, IH).
Compound 20 - A three-necked round-bottomed flask equipped with a thermometer was charged with compound 19 (1.2 g, 5.1 mmol), toluene (8 mL), THF (3 mL), and triϊsopropylborate (1.4 mL, 6.0 mmol). After cooling to - 40 0C (dry ice/acetone),
π-butyllithium (1.6 M in hexanes, 3.75 mL) was slowly added over the course of 30 min. The reaction was then allowed to warm to - 20 0C, and HCl (2M, 5 mL) was added. When the reaction reached room temperature, the aqueous layer was removed and adjusted to pH 7.6 with NaOH (3M, 2 mL), saturated with NaCl, and extracted with THF (3 x 6 mL). The THF layers were combined, dried with MgSO4, evaporated to an oil, diluted with CH3CN (40 mL), and heated at 70 0C for 30 min. The solution was let crystallize at 4 0C for 72 h. The yellow solid was filtered, washed with ice-cold CH3CN, and air-dried (0.38 g, 37%). 1H NMR (CD3OD, 500 MHz) δ 7.61 (dd, J = 7.7, 4.9 Hz5 IH), 8.21 (dt, J = 8.0, 1.9 Hz, IH), 8.60 (s, IH), 8.65 (dd, J= 4.9, 1.4 Hz, IH), 8.72 (s, IH), 8.89 (d, J= 2.2 Hz, IH), 8.91 (d, J= 1.9 Hz, IH).
Compound 29 via 31 - To a suspension of compound 20 (0.37 g, 1.85 mmol) and ethyl-5-bromonicotinate (0.39 g, 1.68 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (20 mL), was added PPh3 (0.1 g, 0.37 mmol) and Pd(OAc)2 (0.02 g, 0.09 mmol) followed by an aqueous solution Of K3PO4 (2 M, 1.65 mL). The reaction was refiuxed for 1.5 h. while a gentle and steady stream of argon was bubbled through the solution. After cooling to room temperature, EtOAc (10 mL) was added, and the organic layer was washed with water (10 mL), dried over MgSO4, and evaporated in vacuo to give crude 31 as a yellow solid. To a suspension of this solid in methanol (20 mL) and water (5 mL), was added LiOH (0.12 g, 5.1 mmol), and the reaction was stirred for 4 h. After removal of methanol in vacuo, more water was added (10 mL), and the basic aqueous solution was washed with EtOAc (3 x 5 mL), then adjusted to pH ~ 4 with KHSO4 (1 M), which resulted in precipitation. The white precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with acetone and hexanes, and dried to give compound 29 (0.31 g, 67%). 1H NMR (DMSO^6, 500 MHz) δ 7.56 (ddd, J = 7.9, 4.8, 0.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.33 (ddd, J = 7.9, 2.3, 1.7 Hz, IH), 8.59 (t, J = 2.2 Hz, IH), 8.66 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.6 Hz, I H), 8.68 (t, J = 2.2 Hz, IH), 9.04 (dd, J = 4.1, 2.2 Hz, 2H), 9.12 (m, 2H), 9.26 (d, J= 2.3 Hz, IH).
Compound 32 - To a cooled (0 0C) suspension of compound 29 (0.3 g, 3.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (15 mL), was added Λ^-dimethylaminopropy^-jV'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.23 g, 1.2 mmol), 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole hydrate (0.16 g, 1.2 mmol), and triethylamine (0.28 mL, 2.0 mmol). After stirring for 30 min. at 0 0C3 compound 10 (0.14 g, 0.4 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred for 24 h. White precipitate formed. After the addition of saturated NaHCO3 (50 mL), a significant amount of solid remained in both layers. The solid was filtered, washed with DCM, NaHCO3, hexanes, and dried to
give compound 32 (0.19 g, 61%). 1H NMR (CD3OD, 500 MHz) δ 1.60 (m, 2H), 1.73 (m, 4H), 1.86 (s, 3H), 1.96 (m, 2H), 3.23 (m, 4H), 3.49 (m, 2H), 4.58 (dd, J = 9.2, 5.1 Hz, 2H), 5.29 (s, IH), 5.63 (s, IH), 7.60 (dd, J = 7.6, 5.0 Hz, 2H), 8.26 (m, 2H), 8.46 (s, IH), 8.49 (s, IH), 8.53 (s, IH), 8.63 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 2H), 8.72 (s, IH), 8.93 (m, 7H), 9.05 (s, 3H). Compound T-2 - 2-Bromomethylphenyl boronic acid (0.47 g, 2.2 mmol) was added to a solution of compound 32 (0.19 g, 0.24 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) and ethylene glycol (0.12 mL, 2.2 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 55 0C for 72 h. Acetone (40 mL) was added, and the resulting precipitate was sonicated until a fine pink powder was obtained. The solid was collected by centrifugation, washed with acetone several times and dried under argon (0.30 g, 60%). !H NMR (D2O, 500 MHz) δ 1.53 (m, 2H), 1.70 (m, 4H), 1.78 (s, 3H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 3.20 (m, 4H), 3.47 (m, 2H), 4.46 (t, IH), 5.30 (s, IH), 5.53 (s, IH), 6.09 (s, 4H), 6.14 (s, 4H), 6.16 (s, 4H), 7.56 <m, 18H), 7.77 (m, 6H), 8.25 (t, 2H), 8.91 (d, J = 7.9, 2H), 9.10 (d, 2H), 9.26 (m, 6H), 9.33 (m, 4H), 9.38 (m, 2H), 9.46 (s, IH), 9.50 (s, IH).
EXAMPLE 3
Synthesis of P-I
Compound 33 - To a cooled (O 0C) suspension of isonicotinic acid (0.57 g, 4.7 mmol) in dichlorom ethane (80 mL), was added jV-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (1.1 g, 5.6 mmol), 1 -hydroxy-benzotriazole hydrate (0.76 g, 5.6 mmol), and triethylamme (0.8 mL, 5.6 mmol). After stirring for 30 min. at 0 0C, N- (3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (1.0 g, 5.6 mmol) and triethylamine (0.8 mL, 5.6 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred for 2 h., then washed with saturated NaHCO3 (3 x 25 mL). The DCM layer was dried with MgSO4, reduced in volume in vacuo, and purified by flash column chromatography (2% - 10% methanol in DCM) to give compound 33 (0.37 g, 32%) as a white solid. 1H NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) δ 1.77 (m, 2H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 3.47 (q, J- 6.5 Hz, 2H). 3.50 (q, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 5.40 (s, IH), 5.80 (s, IH), 6.36 (t, IH), 7.76 (d, J= 6.1 Hz, 2H), 7.90 (t, IH), 8.76 (d, J= 6.1 Hz, IH).
Compound P-I - 2-Bromomethylphenyl boronic acid (0.45 g, 2.1 mmol) was added to a solution of compound 33 (0.19 g, 0.24 mmol) in acetonitrile (75 mL). The reaction was stirred at 50 0C for 16 h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo until ~ 5 mL remained. Ether (20 mL) was added, and the precipitate was sonicated, and collected by centrifugation. To remove excess starting material, the white precipitate was sonicated in DCM for 1 h. The DCM was decanted from the oil, and the oil was then sonicated in ether until a white powder was obtained. The solid was collected by centrifugation, washed with ether several times and dried under argon (0.23 g, 36%). !H NMR (D2O, 500 MHz) δ 1.87 (m, 2H), 1.89 (s, 3H), 3.34 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H), 3.48 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H), 5.40 (s, IH), 5.65 (s, IH), 6.03 (s, 2H), 7.55 (m, 3H), 7.76 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, IH), 8.25 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 8.96 (d, J= 6.5 Hz, IH).
EXAMPLE 4
Synthesis of P-2
P-2
Compound 10 - To a cooled (0 0C) solution of 7V,7V-di-boc-lysine
(dicyclohexylammonium) salt (4.2 g, 8.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (200 mL), was added /V-(3~dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiirnide hydrochloride (1.8 g, 9.6 mmol), 1- hydroxy-benzotriazole hydrate (1.3 g, 9.6 mmol). and triethylamine (1.3 mL, 9.6 mmol). After stirring for 30 min. at 0 0C, 7V-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (1.7 g, 9.6 mmol) and triethylamine (1.3 mL, 9.6 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred for 8 h., then washed with saturated NaHCO3 (3 x 75 mL). The DCM layer was dried with MgSO4, reduced in volume in vacuo, and purified by flash column chromatography (2% - 20% methanol in DCM) to give compound 6. TLC: Rf = 0.71 (10% MeOH/DCM). The appropπate fractions were pooled and concentrated to about 5 mL (not taken to dryness to avoid polymerization), then 1.25 M methanohc HCl (30 mL) was added and the reaction was stirred for 48 h., and concentrated in vacuo to give 10 as a white foam (2.1 g, 78%). H NMR (D2O, 500 MHz) δ 1.44 (p, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (p, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 1.78 (p, J= 6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.90 (m, 2H), 1.92 (s, 3H), 3.00 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 3.29 (m, 4H), 3.95 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, IH), 5.44 (s, IH), 5.67 (s, IH). Compound 34 - Compound 10 (0.4 g, 1.2 mmol) was suspended in a solution of dichloromethane (50 mL) and triethylamine (0.9 mL, 6.4 mmol) and cooled to 0 0C. Then, isonicotinic acid (0.4 g, 3.2 mmol), 7V-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-7V'-ethylcarbodiimide
hydrochloride (0.73 g, 3.8 mmol), 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole hydrate (0.51 g, 3.8 mmol), and triethylamine (0.9 mL, 6.4 mmol) were added. After stirring for 1 h. at 0 0C, the reaction was sonicated for 3 h. to help dissolve the solids. After washing with saturated NaHCO3 (3 x 75 mL), the DCM layer was dried with MgSO4, reduced in volume in vacuo, and purified by flash column chromatography (2% - 20% methanol in DCM, silica gel pretreated with 1% triethylamine) to give compound 34 (19 mg, 3%). TLC: Rf = 0.59 (15% MeOH/DCM, plate pretreated with triethylamine).
Compound P-2 - 2-Bromomethylphenyl boronic acid (0.02 g, 0.1 mmol) was added to a solution of compound 34 (18.7 mg, 40 μmol) in DMF (1 mL). The reaction was stirred at 55 0C for 72 h. Diethylether (20 mL) was added to separate the product as an oil. The solvent was decanted, and the remaining oil was sonicated in ether until it became a beige powder. The solid was collected by centrifugation, washed with ether several times and dried under argon (35 mg, 96%). 1H NMR (D2O5 500 MHz) δ 1.46 (m, 2H), 1.69 (m, 4H), 1.86 (s, 3H), 1.90 (m, 2H), 3.22 (m, 4H), 3.44 (t, J= 6.8 Hz, 2H), 4.42 (t, J= 7.4 Hz, IH), 5.38 (s, IH), 5.61 (s, IH), 6.02 (s, 2H), 6.03 (s, 2H), 7.56 (m, 6H), 7.76 (d, J- 7.6 Hz, 2H), 8.23 (d, J= 6.7 Hz, 2H), 8.28 (d, J= 6.7 Hz5 2H), 8.97 (m, 4H).
EXAMPLE 5 Synthesis of P-3
EXAMPLE 6
Synthesis of P-4
EXAMPLE 7
Sensor Preparation and Testing The quencher, P-I, was dissolved in 41.4 μL of a stock solution containing N1N'- dimethylacrylamide (100 mg) and MN'-methylenebismethacrylamide (2 mg). This
quencher solution {20.7 μL) was then added to a solution containing HPTS-TnCys-MA (50 μL of a 2 mM aqueous solution), HCl (20 μL of a 100 mM solution), 2,2'-azobis[2-(2- imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride (10 μL, of a 40 mg/mL solution), and Dl water (99.3 μL). Some of this solution was then polymerized onto the tip of a fiber optic sensor by heating at 370C for 24 h. to form a hydrogel.
The sensor was tested by placing it in solutions containing different glucose concentrations ranging from 0 mg/dL to 400 mg/dL. The hydrogel indicator chemistry at the tip of the optical fiber was excited with light at a wavelength of 470 run. Fluorescence emission was monitored between 520-700 nm. The results are illustrated in FlG. 1.
***
While the present invention has been described in some detail for purposes of clarity and understanding, one skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes in form and detail can be made without departing from the true scope of the invention. All figures, tables, and appendices, as well as patents, applications, and publications, referred to above, are hereby incorporated by reference.
Claims
1. The compound:
2. A method of making the compound of Claim 1 , comprising the steps of:
3. The compound:
T-2
4. A method of making the compound of Claim 3, comprising the steps of:
5. The reactive compound:
X- is a counterion;
X rl1 i -s -O- or -NH-;
X2 is -O- or -NH-;
L is a divalent linking group comprising a direct bond or a lower alkylene having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally terminated with or interrupted by one or more divalent connecting groups selected from the group consisting of sulfonamide (-SO2NH-), amide -(C=O)N-, ester -(C=O)-O-, ether -0-, sulfide -S-, sulfone (-SO2-), phenylene -C6H4-, urethane -NH(C=O)-O-, urea -NH(C=O)NH-, thiourea -NH(C=S)-NH-, amide -(C=O)NH-, and amine -NR-, where R is defined as alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and
Z is either a reactive, ethylenically unsaturated group or a reactive functional group, capable of forming a covalent bond with a polymer or matrix.
6. The compound of claim 5, wherein Z is a reactive, ethylenically unsaturated group selected from the group consisting of methacrylamido-, acrylamido-, methacryloyl-, acryloyl- and styryl-.
7. The compound of Claim 5, wherein Z is a reactive functional group capable of forming a covalent bond with a polymer or matrix selected from the group consisting of
Br, -OH, -SH, -CO2H, and -NH2.
CH3.
9. The non-reactive compound ■
X is -O- or -NH-; and
R' ^ an alkyl, optionally including -O- units in the carbon chain and terminated with -OH or -OCH3.
10. The compound.
11. A method of making the compound of Claim 10, composing the steps of:
12. The compound :
Z js a reactive, ethylenically unsaturated group selected from the group consisting of methacrylamido-, acrylamido-, methacryloyl-, acryloyl- and styryl-, or wherein Z is a reactive functional group capable of forming a covalent bond with a polymer or matrix; R
-c-
Y is a trivalent connecting group selected from where R is H or a lower
X1 and X2 are -O- or -NH-; and
L1, L2, and L3 are selected from a direct bond or, a lower alkylene having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally terminated with or interrupted by one or more divalent connecting groups selected from sulfonamide (-SO2NH-), amide -(C=O)N-, ester -(C=O)-O-, ether - 0-, sulfide -S-, sulfone (-SO2-), phenylene -C6H4-, urethane -NH(C=O)-O-, urea -NH(C=O)NH-, thiourea -NH(C=S)-NH-, amide -(C=O)NH-, amine -NR- (where R is defined as alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) or combinations thereof.
13. The compound of claim 12, wherein Z is a polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated group selected from the group consisting of methacrylamϊdo-, acrylamido-, methacryloyl-, acryloyl- and styryl-.
14. The compound of Claim 12, wherein Z is a reactive functional group capable of forming a covalent bond with a polymer or matrix selected from the group consisting of -Br, -OH, -SH3 -CO2H, and -NH2.
15. The compound:
P-2
17. The compound:
X is a counterion;
XI is -O- or -NH-; X2 is O- or -NH-;
L is a divalent linking selected from a direct bond or, a lower alkylene having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally terminated with or interrupted by one or more divalent connecting groups selected from sulfonamide (-SO2NH-), amide -(C-O)N-, ester -(C=O)-O-, ether -0-, sulfide -S-, sulfone (-SO2-), phenylene -C6H4-, urethane -NH(C=O)-O-, urea -NH(C=O)NH-, thiourea -NH(C=S)-NH-, amide -(C=O)NH-, amine -NR- (where R is defined as alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) or combinations thereof;
Z is a reactive group selected from a coupling group or an olefmically
unsaturated group, or Z is wherein R is H or CH3 ; the bond from the central benzene ring is to the ortho, meta or para position on the adjacent pyridinium rings; and
B(OH)2 may be in the ortho, meta or para position.
18. The compound:
19. A method of making the compound of Claim 15, comprising the steps of
20. The compound:
X" is a count eri on;
X1 is -O- or -NH-;
X2 is -O- or -NH-;
L is a divalent linker selected from the group consisting of a direct bond amd a lower alkylene having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally terminated with or interrupted by one or more divalent connecting groups selected from the group consisting of sulfonamide (-SO2NH-), amide -(C=O)N-, ester -(C=O)-O-, ether -0-, sulfide -S-, sulfone (-SO2-), phenylene -CnH4-, urethane -NH(C=O)-O-, urea -NH(C=O)NH-, thiourea -NH(C=S)-NH-, amide -(C=O)NH-, amine -NR- (where R is defined as alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) or combinations thereof;
Z is either a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group selected from the group consisting of methacrylamido-, acrylamido-, methacryloyl-, acryloyl-, or styryl- or optionally Z is a reactive functional group capable of forming a covalent bond with a polymer or matrix; the ambiguously depicted bonds are in the ortho, meta or para position; and B(OH)2 may be jn the ortho, meta or para position.
22. The compound of Claim 20, wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of -Br, -OH, -SH, -CO2H, and -NH2
23. The compound:
24. A method of making the compound of Claim 23, comprising the steps of:
H,NγVNH2
25. A polymer comprising a quencher monomer selected from the group consisting of HEMA, PEGMA, methacrylic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamide, N,N'-dimethyl acrylamide, and sodium sulfopropyl methacrylate; and a crosslinker selected from the group consisting of ethylene dimethacrylate, PEGDMA, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, methylene-bis-acrylamide and methyl ene-bis- methacrylamide.
26. An analyte sensor comprising: a fluorophore configured to absorb light at a first wavelength and emit light at a second wavelength; and a quencher configured to modify the light emitted by the fluorophore by an amount related to the analyte concentration, wherein the quencher comprises a boronic acid-substituted pyridinium.
27. The analyte sensor of claim 26, wherein said quencher comprises a monovalent, boronic acid- substituted pyridinium group.
28. The analyte sensor of claim 26, wherein said quencher comprises a boronic acid-substituted polypyridmium, wherein said polypyndimum comprises three or more pyridinium groups.
29. A glucose sensor comprising any one or more of the compounds of Claims I3 3, 5-10, 12-15, 17, 18, and 20-23, and a fluorescent dye.
30. The glucose sensor of Claim 29, wherein said any one or more of the compounds are in the form of a polymer.
31. The glucose sensor of Claim 29, further comprising a glucose permeable immobilizing means, e.g., a polymer matrix or a semipermeable membrane.
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AT08769266T ATE506368T1 (en) | 2007-05-01 | 2008-05-01 | PYRIDINE BORONIC ACID QUENCHER FOR USE IN ANALYTICAL SENSORS |
DE602008006382T DE602008006382D1 (en) | 2007-05-01 | 2008-05-01 | PYRIDINE-BORONIC ACID QUENCHER FOR USE IN ANALYTIC SENSORS |
EP08769266A EP2147003B1 (en) | 2007-05-01 | 2008-05-01 | Pyridinium boronic acid quenchers for use in analyte sensors |
JP2010506658A JP5706686B2 (en) | 2007-05-01 | 2008-05-01 | Pyridinium boronic acid quencher, method for producing the same, and glucose sensor |
CA002684511A CA2684511A1 (en) | 2007-05-01 | 2008-05-01 | Pyridinium boronic acid quenchers for use in analyte sensors |
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US8658795B2 (en) | 2014-02-25 |
ATE506368T1 (en) | 2011-05-15 |
JP2010526094A (en) | 2010-07-29 |
US8178676B2 (en) | 2012-05-15 |
US20110171742A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
EP2147003A1 (en) | 2010-01-27 |
JP5706686B2 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
US7939664B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 |
US20080305009A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
EP2147003B1 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
DE602008006382D1 (en) | 2011-06-01 |
US20120208286A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
CA2684511A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
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