WO2008088299A1

WO2008088299A1 - Retaining wall 'reps'

Info

Publication number: WO2008088299A1
Application number: PCT/UA2007/000082
Authority: WO
Inventors: Emeleyan Gorodetskiy
Original assignee: Emeleyan Gorodetskiy
Priority date: 2007-01-18
Filing date: 2007-12-29
Publication date: 2008-07-24

Abstract

The inventive structure comprises support, facing and buttress beam frames which are arranged along a slope and are transversally joined in the form of a three-dimensional trihedral construction, in which the facing frames are offset with respect to the support and buttress frames along the wall length and are moated in such a way that they are converged to each other in the middle of the support and buttress frames, wherein the frames of the wall are connected across the construction by means of bracings which are arranged therein from the opposite sides in the middle and on the ends of the adjacent frames. In the other variants, the frames are joined in the form of a construction by means of displaceable bracings in the form of mutually braced hooks and loops, wherein the hooks are placed on the side of the frames, the loops are arranged in the middle thereof and the frames are provided with diagonal beams, in which the hooks are placed on the opposite ends of the diagonal beams and the loops are positioned on the converging ends thereof.

Description

RETAINING WALL

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used for retaining walls in road, civil and hydraulic engineering, as well as for recreational and environmental purposes.

State of the art

In world practice, at present, retaining walls are used to protect soil slopes, consisting of front and buttress flat elements in the form of plates, which are rigidly interconnected in a spatial structure and provide protection of the surface of this slope from collapse in the slope zone, and also allow jamming at the same time the body of the retaining wall inside the soil mass pressing on it. Known retaining wall, which consists of installed across its width along the protected slope and interconnected in a spatial framework of a trihedral outline of the front and buttresses of rigid flat elements that are placed alternately one between the other along the length of the wall and interconnected into the frame with their angular ends [1 3.

The disadvantage of such a design as a retaining wall is the large degree of its transverse deformation both during the collapse of the slope soil that it protects, and during deformation of the soil inside the wall. The retaining wall is also known, which consists of supporting, buttress and front walls, installed along their width along the protected slope and interconnected into the spatial framework of the trihedral outline rigid beam frames, the last of which are placed across the wall in the alignment of buttress and supporting frames, and are connected by their angular ends to the angular ends of these support and buttress frames in the same alignment from opposite sides of the frame [2 J.

Technical challenge

The basis of the invention is the task of creating a frame-and-spatial structure of the retaining wall, in which the supporting, front and buttress rigid beam frames are arranged in such a way as to provide increased stability and spatial strength of the wall, while simplifying its installation and improving working conditions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The essence of the technical solution according to the invention lies in the fact that of the supporting, front and buttress rigid beam frames installed in the wall along its width along the slope and connected across it into the spatial frame of the trihedral outline, the front frames are displaced in the frame relative to the supporting and buttress frames along the length of the wall and installed converging between them in the middle of these supporting and buttress frames, and the frames themselves are connected in the frame of the wall by bonds that are placed across this frame against opposite sides in the middle and edges of its adjacent frames. The implementation of the device is decided by the fact that the support frames of the wall are laid along their width along the protected slope at the base of this wall, then along the same wall and with a slope to the protected slope, the same width of the front frames that are positioned so that the convergence of their adjacent elements together along the length of the wall is carried out in the middle of the supporting frames. Subsequently, in the alignment of the supporting frames, buttress frames are installed to the front frames with a slope from the protected slope and the same in width, the middle of which is located as well as the support frames at the convergence of adjacent front frames. Subsequently, the front frames are connected to the support and buttress frames in the frame by ties, which are placed on opposite sides across the frame between adjacent frames in the middle and the edges of these adjacent frames.

One embodiment of the invention provides that the frames are interconnected by movable links in the form of hooks and loops interconnected, where the hooks are located at the edges of these frames, and the loops are in the middle of the frames, and the frames themselves are made with diagonal beams, the hooks of which are located on the divorced ends of the diagonals of these beams.

Another variant of the invention provides that the hinges in the frames are located at the interconnected ends of the diagonal beams.

The implementation of such a system of structures of retaining walls as a whole allows for reliable fastening of earthen slopes while improving the working conditions of the walls, increasing their stability and spatial strength, as well as simplifying their construction and installation.

High-quality fastening of the slope and reliable operation of the retaining wall is achieved: spatial lateral strength and stability of the wall, as well as dispersion and reduction loads on the nodes of the connection of its frame elements both in the transverse and in the longitudinal arrangement.

In addition, the simplicity of building a wall and installing its frame elements, while increasing their lateral stiffness, makes it possible to use this design for hard-to-reach and difficult conditions, as well as for recreational and environmental purposes.

The application of the invention allows to reduce the construction time by 3.0 - 5.0 times, the cost of erecting the structure by 1.5 - 3.0 times, and also, very importantly, use such a wall in manual mode, without mechanisms, its construction the use of unskilled and low-labor labor.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Other advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, showing the practical implementation of the invention and its variants, in which:

Fig.l- depicts a retaining wall before filling it with soil from the side of the slope, a perspective view; Figure 2 - depicts a retaining wall with a partial backfill with its soil inside the frame, a perspective view;

Figure 3 - depicts a retaining wall, reinforced placed along all the middle and edges of the adjacent frames of its frame, ties, view in perspective; Figure 4 - depicts a cross-section of a wall with a two-tier arrangement of frames in height and with different slopes of the front frames in the frames of each tier;

Figure 5 - depicts a retaining wall of frames with diagonal beams and hooks located in them along the edges, and in the middle of the frames with loops, a perspective view;

6 - depicts a retaining wall of frames with diagonal beams and soil inside its frame, a perspective view; Fig.7 depicts a retaining wall of frames with diagonal beams and the arrangement of buttress frames in it with openings between them along the length of the wall, a perspective view;

Fig. 8 depicts a retaining wall of frames with diagonal beams and with loops in frames at the reduced ends of these diagonal beams, a perspective view;

Fig.9 depicts a retaining wall of frames with diagonal beams and loops in the frames at the reduced ends of the diagonal beams, with backfill inside its soil frame, a perspective view;

Fig. U-depicts a retaining wall with openings along its hand, both between buttresses and between support frames and with the arrangement of a protective sheet inside the wall through the frame support, openings between them, as well as to its front frames, perspective view;

11 - depicts a retaining wall with tightly closed holes between the beams of its front frames, a perspective view;

12 - depicts a retaining wall with tightly closed holes between the beams of its front, buttress and supporting frames.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The retaining wall consists of supporting 2, front 3 and buttress 4 rigid beam frames located along their width along the protected slope 1 and interconnected into the spatial frame of the trihedral outline. the frames 3 are displaced relative to the support frames 2 and the buttress frames 4 along the length of the wall and are installed converging between them in the middle of these support 3 and buttress 4 frames, and the frames themselves are connected across the frame by bonds 5, which are placed in the same frame from its opposite sides in the middle of the front frames 3 and the edges of the buttress frames 4, and in the middle of the support frames 2 and the edges of the front frames 3.

The construction of the retaining wall and its operation is as follows. The supporting frames 2 are laid on the prepared surface along the bottom of the slope 1. After that, front frames 3 are mounted on the opposite side from the slope 1 and slanted to the slope 1, which are held in a predetermined inclined position by temporary mounting supports. In this case, the front frames 3 themselves are offset along the length of the wall so that their adjacent lateral ends converge in the middle of the supporting frames 2. Subsequently, from the side of the slope 1, in the alignment section of the adjacent front frames 3 and in the alignment location of the supporting frames 2 are installed with by tilting from the same slope, the buttress frames 4, which complete the formation of a spatial trihedral frame and which are held in the same inclined position by temporary supports. After mounting all the frames across the wall, they are connected to the frame by bonds 5, which are placed between adjacent frames on opposite sides across this frame, namely, at the base of the frame, in the middle of the supporting frames 2 and the edges of the front frames 3; - at the top of the frame, along the edges of the buttress frames 4 and the middle of the front frames 3, / figure 1 /. After connecting the frames to the frame, its internal cavity is filled with stone 6, gravel-stone or other coarse material / Fig. 2 /, and temporary supports are dismantled and used for further installation of the frame along the length of the retaining wall.

Thus, the execution of the wall, where, on the one hand, the front frames 3 adjacent along the length of the frame converge in the middle of the supporting 2 and buttress 4 frames, provides double, bottom and top of the frame, rigid fixing by the end faces of the frames 2 and 4 of the front frames 3 in a predetermined spatial position, avoiding at the convergence of the front frames of any transverse displacement in the frame of the frame, and on the other hand, due to the fact that the links are placed and connect the middle of one frame and the corner ends adjacent to them across the frame of other frames, a decrease in the transverse stress of the wall body in the alignment of bonds is achieved, since the latter are not concentrated in one inter-frame alignment across the wall, but are displaced from each other, middle to extreme, to the sides and are alternately staggered in a checkerboard pattern along the height of the frame.

To protect the slopes of especially dangerous slopes with heterogeneous and elevated moving soils, slopes in landslide zones, high precipices and other similar slopes with large dynamic and shock-dynamic loads on the retaining wall, it is advisable to strengthen its skeleton by placing ties along all the middle and edges of its adjacent frames / Fig.Z /.

When used to backfill the internal cavity of the frame large stones, the installation of front and buttress frames can be carried out without temporary supports and in the following sequence: - arrangement of stone prisms close to the necessary parameters on the supporting frames, installation of the front frames with a support on the prism and inclined to the slope and their connection with the supporting frames, location on prism and with a slope from the slope of the buttress frames and their connection with the front frames, the final adjustment of the slope of the front and buttress frames, followed by the final refilling of the stone prism inside the frame. This technology is possible both with a single-tiered execution of the wall and when performing it in several tiers along the slope height with backfilling behind the wall of soil material 7, / Fig. 4 /, as well as when connecting frames to the frame with movable ties. It should be noted that the greatest the resistance and strength of the retaining wall is ensured with a sufficiently dense filling of the filler in the cavity of its frame, as well as the density of clogging with the filler of the through holes between the beams of the frames themselves. One embodiment of the invention provides that the supporting 2, front 3 and buttress 4 frames are connected to the frame by movable links in the form of hooks 8 and loops 9 connected to each other, where the hooks 8 are located at the edges of these frames and the loops 9 are in the middle, 2, 3 and 4 of the frame are made with diagonal beams 10, the hooks of which are placed on the ends of the diagonals of these beams divorced between them, / Fig. 5 / and / Fig. 6 /.

With this design of the retaining wall, its arrangement the frame is as follows. After laying the supporting frames 2 with the loops 9 oriented in these frames from the slope 1, the hooks 8 of the front frames 3 are hooked to these loops from the side of the slope, with the subsequent inclination of these frames 3 to the slope above the frames 2 and further coupling for the loops 9 of the front frames 3 hooks 8 of the buttress frames 4, which are installed with the bottom side on the support frames 2 or behind these frames on the sole surface of the protected slope

Since the hinges in the frames are located in the middle of these frames, the frames themselves are made with diagonal beams, the hooks are placed at the ends of the divorced edges, and the position of the hooks and loops is rigidly fixed in the frame bodies, on the one hand, the most simplified installation and spatial adjustment are provided the location of buttress and front frames in the wall frame, and on the other hand, greater strength of the frames themselves and their resistance to the transverse spatial oblique load on them in the body of the wall is achieved, thanks to the vector redistribution in the frames of their internal stress from lateral to diagonal beams. Such an arrangement of the retaining wall is advisable to apply when performing frames of small sizes and their manual installation in the body of the frame, as well as when protecting slopes with impossible or complicated transport delivery to the places of their protection of frame elements and mounting mechanisms, which is typical for steep and landslide slopes, slopes in landscape-recreational areas, as well as built-up slopes with a dense placement of utilities on them.

In some cases, for example, when protecting more gentle slopes, banks of small rivers and reservoirs, as well as in areas with low and relatively stable slopes, it is advisable to carry out a simplified version of the retaining wall, with the arrangement along its length of the diagonal frames 4 with openings between them through one such frame, / Fig.7 /, which can additionally be fixed with anchor 11 to the protected slope.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that the loops 9 in the supporting 2, front 3 and buttress 4 frames are placed at the interconnected ends of their diagonal beams 10, / Fig / and / Fig.9 /.

It is rational to use a variant of this design to improve the operation of the frame under conditions of multivector and spatial loads on it and the diagonal beams of its frames, which is achieved by arranging the frame loops 9 in the place of convergence (convergence) of the diagonal beams at the opposite ends of these beams from the hooks 8, where diagonal beams that connect together at random in the frames of the bundle of opposite sides of the frame provide optimal spatial unloading of its connecting nodes through itself.

It is advisable to use this option of the retaining wall when protecting slopes that are composed of rolled up large stone and boulder soils with insignificant internal interfractional adhesion, which during the operation of the wall can change its vector-volumetric load on it, as well as under conditions when the surface of the slope sole has a significant unevenness and is difficult to reach on a rocky heavily destructible rocks, with the possibility of uneven subsidence of the wall frame on them.

In addition, it should be noted that the frame of the retaining wall can also be made with openings along its length between buttress 4 and supporting 2 frames, with arrangement through the openings between the supporting frames, these frames themselves and to the front 3 frames of the protective canvas 12, / figure 10 /, when using such a wall in conditions with unstable soles of protected slopes. The wall frame can also be made of frames with tightly closed holes 13 between the beams in its front frames 3, / 11 /, or with tightly closed holes 13 between the beams of its front 3, buttress 4 and supporting 2 frames, / Fig.12 /. At the same time, this design can be used to protect slopes made of loose and fine-grained soils, for example, sandy, sandy-gravel and other similar soils, as well as in recreational and engineering protection zones, where the front surfaces of protective structures are more demanding on their landscape and aesthetic condition.

Industrial applicability

The proposed device provides reliable protection of earthen slopes from destruction, as well as improving the natural environment in the area of its use, regardless of climatic, geographical and geological conditions, for any objects and areas.

This position is achieved by increased spatial strength of the structure, its high resistance to loads slope soil, as well as high-quality protective ability of the wall in the mode of exposure to water flows.

The design is mobile and unified in production, as well as easy to use with both mechanized and manual arrangement.

1. Patent of Ukraine, UA Лs58363 A, Cl. E 02 B 3/06, Bull. G7, 2003.

2. Patent of Ukraine, UA Ж78O87, Cl. E 02 D 29/02, Bull. JV ° 2, 2007.

Claims

CLAIM

1. Retaining wall, which consists of supporting, face and buttress rigid beam frames installed along the slope and connected across it into the spatial frame of the trihedral outline, characterized in that the front frames are offset relative to the supporting and buttress frames along the length of the wall and are installed with their convergence between themselves in the middle of these frames, and the wall frames themselves are connected across the frame by bonds, which are located in it from opposite sides in the middle and edges of adjacent frames.

2. Retaining wall at l, characterized in that the frames are connected to the frame by movable links in the form of hooks and loops interconnected, where the hooks are placed at the edges of these frames, and the loops are in the middle, and the frames themselves are made with diagonal beams, hooks in which are located at the divorced ends of the diagonals of these beams.

3. The retaining wall according to claim 2, characterized in that the hinges in the frames are located at the interconnected ends of the diagonal beams.