WO2008079155A1 - Carrier less modulator using saw filters - Google Patents
Carrier less modulator using saw filters Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008079155A1 WO2008079155A1 PCT/US2007/006288 US2007006288W WO2008079155A1 WO 2008079155 A1 WO2008079155 A1 WO 2008079155A1 US 2007006288 W US2007006288 W US 2007006288W WO 2008079155 A1 WO2008079155 A1 WO 2008079155A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- acoustic wave
- surface acoustic
- wave filter
- matching network
- signal
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03C—MODULATION
- H03C3/00—Angle modulation
- H03C3/42—Angle modulation by means of electromechanical devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
- H04B1/71635—Transmitter aspects
Definitions
- This invention addresses the need to transport high bit-rate data over wired or wireless means using specially modulated radio frequency carrier waves.
- a technique is described in this disclosure that uses SAW filters as a modulator in addition to their conventional use as filters. This technique exploits the impulse response of the SAW filter producing a carrier less impulse radio system with limited bandwidth, low average power, but high peak power.
- Modulation is the fundamental process in any communication system. It is a process to impress a message (voice, image, data, etc.) on to a carrier wave for transmission.
- a band-limited range of frequencies that comprise the message (baseband) is translated to a higher range of frequencies.
- the band-limited message is preserved, i.e., every frequency in that message is scaled by a constant value.
- the three key parameters of a carrier wave are its amplitude, its phase and its frequency, all of which can be modified in accordance with an information signal to obtain the modulated signal.
- modulators There are various shapes and forms of modulators.
- conventional Amplitude Modulation uses a number of different techniques for modulating the amplitude of the carrier in accordance with the information signal. These techniques have been described in detail in "Modern Analog and Digital Communication Systems" by B.P. Lathi.
- conventional Frequency/Phase Modulation uses a number of different methods described in a number of textbooks. In all these techniques, carrier (which is a high frequency sinusoidal signal) characteristics (either amplitude, frequency, phase or combination of these) are changed in accordance with the data (or information signal).
- carrier which is a high frequency sinusoidal signal
- characteristics either amplitude, frequency, phase or combination of these
- modulator is described in this document that does not use a carrier for modulation. Modulation is accomplished by exploiting the impulse response of Band Pass Filters.
- band pass filters are used to band limit the bandwidth of the signal. For example, they are used in transmitters to allow necessary signal to pass to the next stage and in receivers they are used to block any unwanted signal. They are an integral part of any communication system and have numerous advantages.
- Band Pass filters come in many shapes and forms. Most of the communication systems these days use SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) filters. SAW filters are band pass filters. They use a piezoelectric crystal substrate with deposited gold electrodes. SAW filters are capable of replacing discrete LC band pass filters in certain wideband applications between 20MHz and IGHz. Their filter skirts, or shape factor, are the sharpest of all the filter structures.
- SAW filters Since they are etched on a printed circuit board, they save a lot of circuit board real estate and are thus easier to implement.
- the primary use of SAW filters is to filter unnecessary signals such as band limiting a transmitter output.
- a technique is described in this document that uses SAW filters as a modulator in addition to their conventional use as filters. This technique exploits the impulse response of the SAW filter producing a carrier less impulse radio system with limited bandwidth, low average power, but high peak power.
- any interfering signal in that spectrum must be tolerated and mitigated within the receiver.
- Many schemes exist to mitigate the interference Some of these include selective blocking of certain sections of spectrum so as not to hear the interferer, OFDM schemes that send redundant copies of the information in the hope that at least one copy will get through interference, and other more exotic schemes that require sophisticated DSP algorithms to perform advanced filtering.
- UWB systems have somewhat of a "bad reputation" because they at least have the potential to cause interference. A heated discourse has gone on for years over the potential that UWB systems can cause interference to legacy spectrum users.
- Tri-State Integer Cycle Modulation (TICM) and other Integer Cycle Modulation techniques, which have now become known by their commercial designation, xMax, were designed by the inventors of this application to help alleviate this massive and growing problem. Its signal characteristics are such that absolute minimal sideband energy is generated during modulation but power spectrum density is quite wide relative to the information rate applied. Also, a narrower section of the power spectrum output can be used to represent the same information.
- the technique of modulation disclosed herein is primarily applicable to these types of single cycle systems.
- SAW filters Like any other band pass filters, SAW filters also have an impulse response.
- the impulse response depends on the bandwidth of the filter.
- a technique is described in this disclosure that uses the impulse response of the filter to modulate the incoming data signal without using a carrier for modulation producing an impulse radio system with limited bandwidth, low average power, but high peak power.
- TCM Tri-State Integer Cycle Modulation
- band pass filters are used to band limit the bandwidth of the signal. For example, they are used in transmitters to allow the necessary signal to pass to the next stage and in receivers they are used to block any unwanted signal. They are an integral part of any communication system and have numerous advantages. Band Pass filters come in many shapes and forms. Most of the communication systems these days use SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) filters. SAW filters are band pass filters.
- SAW filters are the sharpest of all the filter structures.
- the primary use of SAW filters is to filter unnecessary signals and they are commonly used for band limiting a transmitter output.
- a technique is described in this document that uses SAW filters as a modulator in addition to their conventional use as filters. This technique exploits the impulse response of the SAW filter producing a carrier less impulse radio system with limited bandwidth, low average power, but high peak power.
- FIGURE 1 is a representation of typical frequency response of a SAW filter
- FIGURE 2 is a representation of a Diac Delta Function
- FIGURE 3 is a representation of an impulse response of a SAW filter
- FIGURE 4 is a block diagram of a modulator.
- the invention disclosed in this application uses any integer cycle, ultra-wide band, or impulse type modulation and more particularly is designed to work with a method of modulation named xMax which has been described above.
- xMax a method of modulation named xMax which has been described above.
- the impulse response of a filter is usually derived by passing a dirac delta signal (simply known as delta function) at the input of the SAW filter.
- the Delta function is defined as:
- the Dirac Delta function often referred to as the unit impulse or delta function, is the function that defines the idea of a unit impulse. This function is one that is infinitesimally narrow, infinitely tall, yet integrates to unity, one. This function can be visualized as shown in figure 2.
- a short pulse (pulse width 1.07nsec) is applied to SAW filter.
- the output of the SAW filter produces a similar modulated waveform as shown in figure 3.
- the duration of the modulated signal depends on the bandwidth of the SAW filter. For example a 17 MHz SAW filter would produce a narrower modulated signal as compared to a 14MHz SAW filter.
- the duration of the input pulse plays a role in the modulated signal amplitude. For example a 1 nsec input pulse will produce a smaller amplitude output signal as compared to 2.5nsec input pulse.
- FIG. 4 A block diagram of such a modulator implementing this invention in a preferred embodiment is shown in figure 4 and is made up of the following components:
- the Data source provides encoded data such as lndex-N data (as disclosed in the patent "Modulation compression method for the radio frequency transmission of high speed data", U.S. Patent No. 7,023,932) used in the xMax system as discussed above.
- the data could be single ended or differential.
- the data format could either be NRZ (Non Return to Zero) or RZ (Return to zero).
- the peak-to-peak amplitude of this signal can either be programmable of fixed. Since it is a digital signal, it can be TTL, CMOS, ECL, PECL, LVDS or any other logic family data.
- Matching Network There are two matching networks. One is placed at the input of the SAW filter called “Input Matching Network” and the other one is placed at the output and called “Output Matching Network”.
- the Input-Matching Network transforms the impedance of the data source into the input impedance of the SAW filter. It is also used to convert differential data output into single ended output. Similarly the Output-Matching Network performs impedance transformation from the SAW filter to the next stage.
- Matching networks can be implemented using either a discrete component or an active network.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002643304A CA2643304A1 (en) | 2006-03-13 | 2007-03-13 | Carrier less modulator using saw filters |
EP07872143A EP2025011A4 (en) | 2006-03-13 | 2007-03-13 | Carrier less modulator using saw filters |
MX2008011690A MX2008011690A (en) | 2006-03-13 | 2007-03-13 | Carrier less modulator using saw filters. |
AU2007338907A AU2007338907A1 (en) | 2006-03-13 | 2007-03-13 | Carrier less modulator using saw filters |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US78171806P | 2006-03-13 | 2006-03-13 | |
US60/781,718 | 2006-03-13 | ||
US11/716,279 | 2007-03-09 | ||
US11/716,279 US8081707B2 (en) | 2006-03-13 | 2007-03-09 | Carrier less modulator using saw filters |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008079155A1 true WO2008079155A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 |
Family
ID=38478361
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2007/006288 WO2008079155A1 (en) | 2006-03-13 | 2007-03-13 | Carrier less modulator using saw filters |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8081707B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2025011A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2007338907A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2643304A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2008011690A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008079155A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1909354A1 (en) * | 2006-10-05 | 2008-04-09 | Fujikura Ltd. | Reflection-type bandpass filter |
JP2008098705A (en) * | 2006-10-05 | 2008-04-24 | Fujikura Ltd | Reflection type band-pass filter |
EP1909352B1 (en) * | 2006-10-05 | 2013-05-15 | Fujikura Ltd. | Reflection-type bandpass filter |
JP2008098701A (en) * | 2006-10-05 | 2008-04-24 | Fujikura Ltd | Reflection type band-pass filter |
JP2008098702A (en) * | 2006-10-05 | 2008-04-24 | Fujikura Ltd | Reflection type band-pass filter |
US8872595B2 (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2014-10-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Binary bi-phase shift modulator |
CN105306047B (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2018-08-10 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | A kind of synchronised clock reference source and synchronised clock refer to production method |
Citations (6)
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US4305158A (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1981-12-08 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Television tuner |
US6541893B2 (en) * | 2000-02-02 | 2003-04-01 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Programmable surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter |
US20040151237A1 (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2004-08-05 | Bitrage, Inc. | Satellite communications system |
US6930546B2 (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2005-08-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Bypass switch topology for low-noise amplifiers |
US7003047B2 (en) | 2003-06-24 | 2006-02-21 | Xg Technology, Llc | Tri-state integer cycle modulation |
US7023932B2 (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2006-04-04 | Xg Technology, Llc | Modulation compression method for the radio frequency transmission of high speed data |
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US5615229A (en) * | 1993-07-02 | 1997-03-25 | Phonic Ear, Incorporated | Short range inductively coupled communication system employing time variant modulation |
DE19703079A1 (en) * | 1997-01-29 | 1998-07-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Method for processing bandpass signals delivered in an intermediate frequency position |
US6505032B1 (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2003-01-07 | Xtremespectrum, Inc. | Carrierless ultra wideband wireless signals for conveying application data |
FR2783654B1 (en) * | 1998-09-23 | 2006-07-28 | Sagem | BIBANDE TRANSMITTER-RECEIVER WITH DOUBLE RADIATION DEVICE |
US6535545B1 (en) * | 1999-10-15 | 2003-03-18 | Rf Waves Ltd. | RF modem utilizing saw resonator and correlator and communications transceiver constructed therefrom |
US6825794B2 (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2004-11-30 | Research In Motion Limited | Wireless communication system using surface acoustic wave (SAW) second harmonic techniques |
US7050419B2 (en) * | 2001-02-23 | 2006-05-23 | Terayon Communicaion Systems, Inc. | Head end receiver for digital data delivery systems using mixed mode SCDMA and TDMA multiplexing |
US7095798B2 (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2006-08-22 | Powerwave Technologies, Inc. | System and method for post filtering peak power reduction in multi-carrier communications systems |
JP2003087149A (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2003-03-20 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | High frequency composite switch module |
US7609612B2 (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2009-10-27 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Multi-carrier transmitter for ultra-wideband (UWB) systems |
US7391561B2 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2008-06-24 | Aculight Corporation | Fiber- or rod-based optical source featuring a large-core, rare-earth-doped photonic-crystal device for generation of high-power pulsed radiation and method |
US7782975B2 (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2010-08-24 | Xg Technology, Inc. | Pulse train carrier-less modulator using SAW filters |
US7443337B2 (en) * | 2006-09-25 | 2008-10-28 | Aai Corporation | Synthesizing arbitrary waveforms using convolution processors |
-
2007
- 2007-03-09 US US11/716,279 patent/US8081707B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-13 CA CA002643304A patent/CA2643304A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-03-13 EP EP07872143A patent/EP2025011A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-03-13 MX MX2008011690A patent/MX2008011690A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-03-13 WO PCT/US2007/006288 patent/WO2008079155A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-03-13 AU AU2007338907A patent/AU2007338907A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4305158A (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1981-12-08 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Television tuner |
US6541893B2 (en) * | 2000-02-02 | 2003-04-01 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Programmable surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter |
US20040151237A1 (en) * | 2000-05-31 | 2004-08-05 | Bitrage, Inc. | Satellite communications system |
US7023932B2 (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2006-04-04 | Xg Technology, Llc | Modulation compression method for the radio frequency transmission of high speed data |
US7003047B2 (en) | 2003-06-24 | 2006-02-21 | Xg Technology, Llc | Tri-state integer cycle modulation |
US6930546B2 (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2005-08-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Bypass switch topology for low-noise amplifiers |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP2025011A4 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2025011A1 (en) | 2009-02-18 |
MX2008011690A (en) | 2008-09-24 |
EP2025011A4 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
US8081707B2 (en) | 2011-12-20 |
CA2643304A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 |
AU2007338907A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 |
US20070210880A1 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
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