WO2008042571A2 - Substituted indole compounds - Google Patents

Substituted indole compounds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008042571A2
WO2008042571A2 PCT/US2007/078333 US2007078333W WO2008042571A2 WO 2008042571 A2 WO2008042571 A2 WO 2008042571A2 US 2007078333 W US2007078333 W US 2007078333W WO 2008042571 A2 WO2008042571 A2 WO 2008042571A2
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Prior art keywords
methyl
trifluoromethyl
indole
carbonitrile
oxadiazol
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PCT/US2007/078333
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French (fr)
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WO2008042571A3 (en
Inventor
Rodolfo Cadilla
Andrew Larkin
Darryl Lynn Mcdougald
Amarjit Sab Randhawa
John A. Ray
Katherine Stetson
Eugene L. Stewart
Philip Stewart Turnbull
Huiqiang Zhou
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Smithkline Beecham Corporation
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Application filed by Smithkline Beecham Corporation filed Critical Smithkline Beecham Corporation
Priority to EP07842385.2A priority Critical patent/EP2079466B1/en
Priority to JP2009530515A priority patent/JP5275236B2/en
Priority to ES07842385.2T priority patent/ES2452343T3/en
Publication of WO2008042571A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008042571A2/en
Publication of WO2008042571A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008042571A3/en

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    • C07D413/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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    • C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
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    • C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
    • C07D209/30—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
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    • C07D235/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
    • C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D235/04—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
    • C07D235/06—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached in position 2
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    • C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D235/04—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
    • C07D235/06—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached in position 2
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    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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    • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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Definitions

  • This invention relates to non-steroidal compounds that are modulators of androgen receptor, and also to the methods for the making and use of such compounds. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Nuclear receptors are a class of structurally related proteins that modulate gene expression by acting as ligand-dependent transcription factors [Evans, R. M. Science 1988, 240, 889-95].
  • the steroid receptors namely the androgen receptor (AR), the estrogen receptor (ER), the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and the progesterone receptor (PR) represent a subclass of the nuclear receptor superfamily.
  • NR ligands in this subclass exert their effects by binding to an intracellular steroid hormone receptor.
  • AR binds as a homodimer to the androgen response element (ARE), a consensus sequence for steroid receptors (GGTACAnnnTGTTCT) [Beato M. Cell 1989, 56, 335-44. Cato, A. C. B. and Peterziel, H. TEM 1998, 9, 150-154. Wong, C. I.; Zhou, Z. X.; Sar, M.; Wilson, E. M. J. Biol. Chem. 1993, 268, 19004-12].
  • ARE androgen response element
  • NR ligands are known to exert their action in a tissue selective manner [Smith, C. L.; O'Malley, B. W. Endoc. Rev. 2004, 25, 45-71]. This selectivity stems from the particular ability of these ligands to function as agonists in some tissues, while having no effect or even an antagonist effect in other tissues.
  • SRM selective receptor modulator
  • a synthetic compound that binds to an intracellular receptor and mimics the effects of the native hormone is referred to as an agonist.
  • a compound that inhibits the effect of the native hormone is called an antagonist.
  • modulators refers to compounds that have a spectrum of activities ranging from full agonism to partial agonism to full antagonism.
  • Steroidal NR ligands are known to play important roles in the health of both men and women.
  • testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are endogenous steroidal ligands for the AR that likely play a role in every tissue type found in the mammalian body.
  • androgens play a role in sexual differentiation and development of male sexual organs. Further sexual development is mediated by androgens during puberty. Androgens play diverse roles in the adult including stimulation and maintenance of male sexual accessory organs and maintenance of the musculoskeletal system.
  • Cognitive function, sexuality, aggression, and mood are some of the behavioral aspects mediated by androgens. Androgens affect the skin, bone, and skeletal muscle, as well as blood lipids and blood cells [Chang, C. 2002, 503 pp. Publisher: (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, Mass.)].
  • ADAM Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male
  • ART androgen replacement therapy
  • SARM selective androgen receptor modulator
  • SARMs are currently in the early stages of development. Much of the preclinical and clinical understanding of the therapeutic promise of SARMs stems from work using anabolic steroids. Because of their highly selective anabolic properties and demonstrated prostate sparing activity, SARMs could be used for prevention or treatment of many diseases, including, but not limited to sarcopenia (muscle wasting), osteoporosis, frailty, and other conditions associated with aging or androgen deficiency. SARMs also show promise in the areas of hormonal male contraception and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The therapeutic potential of SARMs for treatment of androgen deficient disorders in women is a far less studied field.
  • BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • hypogonadism represents a state of impaired testosterone production.
  • hypogonadism There are two general types of hypogonadism: primary hypogonadism is due to testicular failure, while secondary hypogonadism is due to malfunction at the hypothalamic/pituitary level.
  • Gonadotropins can be elevated or decreased depending on the localization of the condition. Severe symptoms are associated with the hypogonadal state. Symptomatic profiles differ depending on the time of onset of the condition.
  • Symptoms in patients who experience hypogonadism after normal virilization include decreased muscle mass, osteopenia/osteoporosis, decreased fertility, increased visceral fat, and sexual dysfunction [Zitzmann, M.; Nieschlag, E. MoI. Cell. Endo. 2000, 161, 73- 88].
  • a SARM in hypogonadal men would provide the anabolic effects of testosterone with the convenience of oral administration. Prostate drive is usually not a concern for young hypogonadal males, but the sparing effects of a SARM may still prove beneficial.
  • Clinical studies in hypogonadal males using testosterone have provided compelling efficacy data [Wang, C; Cunningham, G.; Dobs, A.; Iranmanesh, A.; Matsumoto, A. M.; Synder, P. J.; Weber, T.; Berman, N.; Hull, L.; Swerdloff, R. S. J. Clin. Endo. Met. 2004, 89, 2085-2098].
  • Testosterone therapy increases bone mineral density in men with low T [Leifke, E.; Korner, H. C; Link, T. M.; Behre, H. M.; Peters, P. E.; Nieschlag, E. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 1998, 738, 51-58. Schubert, M.; Bullmann, C; Minnemann, T.; Reiners, C; Krone, W.; Jockenhoevel, F. Hormone Research 2003, 60, 21-28]. It is not entirely clear if both T and E2 are required for healthy bone maintenance.
  • a combination therapy of estrogen and androgen increases BMD to a greater extent than does estrogen therapy alone [Vanderschueren, D.; Vandenput, L. Andrologia 2000, 32, 125-30].
  • Androgens are important for skeletal homeostasis, affecting bone mineral density (BMD) by regulating the bone breakdown and remodeling process. Androgen action on AR expressing osteoblasts inhibits osteoclastogenesis in the bone marrow cavity. Androgens increase cortical bone formation mainly by stimulating periosteal bone formation [Notelovitz, M. Fertil. Steril. 2002, 77, S34- S41].
  • SARMs were shown to significantly increased BMD and bone strength in ORX rats [Hanada, K.; Furuya, K.; Yamamoto, N.; Nejishima, H.; lchikawa, K.; Nakamura, T.; Miyakawa, M.; Amano, S.; Sumita, Y.; Oguro, N. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2003, 26, 1563-1569].
  • Administration of the SARM, S-40503 to ORX rats for 4 weeks increased bone mineral density (BMD) of femur and levator ani muscle weight as markedly as DHT. Prostate weight was not elevated over that for eugonadal rats at any doses tested.
  • BMD bone mineral density
  • S-40503 was given to ovariectomized (OVX) rats over a 2 month period.
  • the SARM significantly increased BMD and biomechanical strength of femoral cortical bone, whereas the antiresorptive estrogen did not.
  • An increase in periosteal mineral apposition rate of the femur showed direct bone formation activity of S-40503.
  • the increase in BMD was not attributed to muscle anabolism as hind limb suspended rats showed like increases in BMD.
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia affects the majority of men in the United States over the age of 50. Prostatic drive is determined by the local concentration of androgen. DHT, the androgen of the prostate, is produced in the prostate by the action 5- ⁇ -reductase on T. BPH can lead to many problems including acute urinary retention, recurrent bladder infection, bladder calcul, and a general decrease in a patient's quality of life [Kirby, R. S. Urology 2000, 56, 3- 6. Andriole, G.; Bruchovsky, N.; Chung, L. W. K.; Matsumoto, A. M.; Rittmaster, R.; Roehrborn, C; Russell, D.; Tindall, D. J. of Urology 2004, 172, 1399-1403. Djavan, B.; Barkin, J. European Urology, Supplements 2003, 2, 20-26].
  • SARMs that compete with prostatic binding of DHT, but that do not elicit an agonist response, may provide a therapeutic approach to the treatment of BPH.
  • the true novelty of such a therapy is realized when prostate volume reduction is combined with the other desirable pharmacologic features of a SARM.
  • Drug-related adverse events from 5- ⁇ -reductase inhibitors include erectile dysfunction, decrease libido, and decreased ejaculate volume [Andhole, G.; Bruchovsky, N.; Chung, L. W. K.; Matsumoto, A. M.; Rittmaster, R.; Roehrborn, C; Russell, D.; Tindall, D. J. of Urology 2004, 172, 1399-1403].
  • Testosterone is a necessary component in the generation of sperm, but high doses actually inhibit formation of mature sperm.
  • Sperm maturation relies on the secretion of LH and FSH.
  • LH regulates testicular testosterone production by the Leydig cells and FSH stimulates Sertoli cells to provide nutrients to maturing sperm.
  • T production is regulated through a feedback loop that involves the hypothalamus and pituitary glands.
  • Testosterone signals the hypothalamus and pituitary to decrease production of gonadotropin releasing hormone which in turn lowers the secretion of LH and FSH.
  • Supraphysiological levels of testosterone serve to inhibit LH and FSH secretion through the feedback loop [Wang, C; Swerdloff, R. S. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2004, 790, S60-S68. Wang, C; Swerdloff, R. S. Endocrine Updates 1999, 5, 303-319].
  • Lowered intratesticular levels of T and FSH decrease sperm production [Sharpe, R. M.; Donachie, K.; Cooper, IJ. Endo. 1988, 117, 19-26.].
  • a SARMs efficacy in male contraception is dependent on its ability to interfere with the HPT axis and also on its potential action on androgen receptors in the testes.
  • a SARM from the aryl-propionamide class, C-6 exhibited significant gonadotropin suppression in castrated male rats [Chen, J.; Hwang, D. J.; Bohl, C. E.; Miller, D. D.; Dalton, J. T. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2005, 312, 546-553].
  • Inhibition of spermatogenesis may not be a desired effect for individuals seeking the benefits of hormone replacement.
  • a desirable SARM profile would show no effects on the endogenous hormone levels and/or spermatogenesis, while still demonstrating marked anabolic effects in muscle and bone.
  • HSDD Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
  • SARMs have the potential to offer the same benefits in women as androgen therapies without the unwanted side effects.
  • Side effects from androgen therapy in women include: acne, hirsutism, and lowering of high- density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.
  • Limited preclinical studies exploring the use of SARMs for female indications have been published. [Hanada, K.; Furuya, K.; Yamamoto, N.; Nejishima, H.; lchikawa, K.; Nakamura, T.; Miyakawa, M.; Amano, S.; Sumita, Y.; Oguro, N. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2003, 26, 1563-1569. Gao, W.; Reiser, P. J.; Coss, C. C; Phelps, M. A.; Kearbey, J. D.; Miller, D. D.; Dalton, J. T. Endocrinology 2005, 146(11), 4887-4897].
  • modulators of steroid hormone nuclear receptors that are highly specific for one receptor could offer greater benefit with less side effects in the treatment of both female and male related hormone responsive diseases.
  • the present invention provides compounds of formula (I)
  • X and Y are each independently C or N;
  • X and Y are not both N;
  • R 1 is H, OH, CN, halogen, Ci -6 alkoxy, or nitro;
  • R 2 is H, Ci -6 alkyl, Ci -6 alkoxy, Ci -6 haloalkyl, halogen, or CN;
  • R 3 is H, halogen, Ci -6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, Ci -6 haloalkyl, -C(O)R 6 , -CH 2 OH, or (CH 2 ) q R x ;
  • R x is -C 3-6 cycloalkyl, -C(O)OCH 3 , -C(O)OR 7 , or -CN; q is O, 1 , 2, or 3;
  • R 4 is H, or (R 8 )(R 9 );
  • R 5 is H, Ci -6 alkyl, or halogen
  • R 6 is H, Ci -6 alkyl, Or NH 2 ;
  • R 7 is Ci -6 alkyl
  • R 8 is Ci -6 alkylene
  • R 9 is Ci -6 alkyl, Ci -6 alkoxy, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, Ci -3 haloalkyl, CN, -C(O)R 10 ,
  • R 9 is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, Ci -6 alkyl, Ci -3 haloalkyl, Ci -6 alkoxy, CN, and R b ; or R 9 is heterocyclyl, wherein said heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R a and R b ; wherein R a is CN, -C(O)R 6 , -NR 12 R 13 , Ci -6 alkyl, Ca-ecycloalkyl, Ci -3 haloalkyl, halogen, or heterocyclyl, wherein said heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, Ci -6 alkyl, Ci- shaloalkyl, -SCH 3 , and -S(O) 2 CH 3 ; R b is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more substitutents independently selected from -OH, hal
  • R 11 is heterocyclyl or phenyl, wherein said heterocyclyl or phenyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from Ci -3 alkyl, Ci -3 alkoxy, halogen, CN, -SO 2 CH 3 , -NHC(O)CH 3 , and Ci -3 haloalkyl;
  • R 12 and R 13 are each independently selected from H and Ci -6 alkyl; m is O or 1 ; p is O or 1 ;
  • R 1 and R 2 are not both H; when R 4 is H, R 3 is not H; when Y is N, m is O; and when X is N, p is O.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound substantially as hereinbefore defined with reference to any one of the Examples.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the present invention.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of the present invention for use as an active therapeutic substance.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of the present invention for use in the treatment of hypogonadism, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, muscle wasting, wasting diseases, cancer cachexia, frailty, prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, breast cancer, menopausal and andropausal vasomotor conditions, urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, depression, uterine fibroid disease, endometriosis, acne, hirsutism, male contraception, impotence, and in the use as male and female hormone replacement therapy, as a stimulant of hematopoiesis, and as an anabolic agent.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides the use of a compound of the present invention in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of hypogonadism, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, muscle wasting, wasting diseases, cancer cachexia, frailty, prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, breast cancer, menopausal and andropausal vasomotor conditions, urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, depression, uterine fibroid disease, endometriosis, acne, hirsutism, male contraception, impotence, and in the use as male and female hormone replacement therapy, as a stimulant of hematopoiesis, and as an anabolic agent.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for the treatment of hypogonadism, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, muscle wasting, wasting diseases, cancer cachexia, frailty, prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, breast cancer, menopausal and andropausal vasomotor conditions, urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, depression, uterine fibroid disease, endometriosis, acne, hirsutism, male contraception, impotence, and a method of male and female hormone replacement therapy, stimulation of hematopoiesis, and anabolism, comprising the administration of a compound of the present invention.
  • alkyl refers to a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon, preferably having from one to six carbon atoms.
  • alkyl as used herein include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, and n-pentyl.
  • C x- Cy alkyl refers to an alkyl group, as herein defined, containing the specified number of carbon atoms. Similar terminology will apply for other preferred terms and ranges as well.
  • alkenyl refers to a straight or branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon containing one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds. Examples include, but are not limited to, vinyl and the like.
  • alkylene refers to a straight or branched chain divalent hydrocarbon radical, preferably having from one to six carbon atoms (Ci- 6 alkylene). In some embodiments, the alkylene group has from one to four carbon atoms (Ci -4 alkyene).
  • alkylene examples include, but are not limited to, methylene (-CH 2 -), ethylene (-CH 2 -CH 2 -), propylene (-CH 2 - CH 2 -CH 2 ), and branched versions thereof such as (-CH(CH 3 )-), -CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )- -CH(CHg)-CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 - -CH 2 -C(CHg) 2 - and the like.
  • cycloalkyl refers to a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon ring.
  • exemplary “cycloalkyl” groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and the like.
  • heterocycle refers to a mono- or poly-cyclic ring system containing one or more heteroatoms and optionally containing one or more degrees of unsaturation, including monocyclic five to seven membered aromatic or non-aromatic rings, or a fused bicyclic aromatic or non-aromatic ring system comprising two of such rings.
  • Preferred heteroatoms include N, O, and S.
  • the ring is three to ten-membered.
  • Such rings may be optionally fused to one or more of another "heterocycle” ring(s), “aryl” ring(s), or “cycloalkyl” ring(s).
  • heterocycle groups include, but are not limited to, oxadiazole, pyridine, thiadiazole, furan, thiazole, thiophene, oxazole, imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazolopyradine, and pyrazole, and the like.
  • Preferred heterocyclyl groups include oxadiazolyl, pyridinyl, thiadiazolyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolopyradinyl, and pyrazolyl.
  • aryl refers to a benzene ring or to a fused benzene ring system, for example anthracene, phenanthrene, or naphthalene ring systems.
  • aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, 2- naphthyl, 1-naphthyl, biphenyl, and the like.
  • One preferred aryl group is phenyl.
  • halogen refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
  • haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein that is substituted with at least one halogen.
  • branched or straight chained “haloalkyl” groups useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, and t-butyl substituted independently with one or more halogens, e.g., fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo.
  • haloalkyl should be interpreted to include such substituents such as - CF 3 , -CHF 2 , -CH 2 F, Or -CH 2 -CF 3 , and the like.
  • alkoxy refers to a group -OR a , where R a is alkyl as herein defined.
  • haloalkoxy refers to a group -OR a , where R a is haloalkyl as defined herein.
  • alkoxyalkylene refers to a group -R a Rb, where R a is alkylene as defined herein and Rb is alkoxy as defined herein.
  • nitro refers to a group -NO 2 .
  • the dashed line in formula (I) " represents the existence or absence of a double bond.
  • the parent structure would be an indoline.
  • the parent structure would be an indole
  • R 1 is halogen or CN. In another embodiment, R 1 is
  • R 2 is Ci -6 haloalkyl, halogen, or CN. In another embodiment, R 2 is CF 3 , Cl, or CN. In a further embodiment, R 2 is CF 3 .
  • X and Y are both C.
  • p is 1 and R 5 is H.
  • m is 1 and R 3 is H, d- ⁇ alkyl, Ci- ⁇ haloalkyI or (CH2)qR x .
  • R x is -C 3- 6cycloalkyl and q is 0.
  • R 3 is d-ealkyl.
  • R 4 is (R 8 )(R 9 ).
  • R 8 is Ci- 2alkylene.
  • R 8 is methylene.
  • R 9 is Ci -3 haloalkyl, -C(O)R 10 , or heterocyclyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R a and R b .
  • R 9 is CF 3 or -C(O)NH 2 .
  • R 9 is heterocyclyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R a and R b .
  • R 9 is oxadiazolyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R a and R b .
  • R a is heterocyclyl substituted with one or more halogens.
  • R b is phenyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from Ci -3 haloalkyl, CN, and halogen.
  • R b is phenyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from CF 3 , CN, and halogen.
  • R b is phenyl substituted with CF 3 .
  • compounds of this invention include those in which several of each variable in formula (I) are selected from the aspects or embodiments, and preferred, more preferred, or most preferred groups for each variable. Therefore, this invention is intended to include all combinations of all aspect, embodiments, and preferred, more preferred, and most preferred groups.
  • the compounds of the present invention are believed to modulate the function of one or more nuclear hormone receptor(s). Particularly, the compounds of the present invention modulate the androgen receptor ("AR").
  • the present invention includes compounds that are selective agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, or partial antagonists of the AR.
  • Compounds of the present invention are useful in the treatment of AR-associated diseases and conditions, for example, a disease or condition that is prevented, alleviated, or cured through the modulation of the function or activity of AR. Such modulation may be isolated within certain tissues or widespread throughout the body of the subject being treated.
  • treatment refers to alleviating the specified condition, eliminating or reducing the symptoms of the condition, slowing or eliminating the progression of the condition and preventing or delaying the initial occurrence of the condition in a subject, or reoccurrance of the condition in a previously afflicted subject.
  • One embodiment of the present invention provides compounds of the present invention for use in medical therapy. Particularly, the present invention provides for the treatment of disorders mediated by androgenic activity.
  • the present invention provides treatment of disorders responsive to tissue-selective anabolic and or androgenic activity.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides a method of treatment of a mammal suffering from a disorder mediated by androgenic activity, which includes administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound of the present invention.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is the use of the compounds of the present invention for the treatment of a variety of disorders including, but not limited to, osteoporosis and/or the prevention of reduced bone mass, density, or growth, osteoarthritis, acceleration of bone fracture repair and healing, acceleration of healing in joint replacement, periodontal disease, acceleration of tooth repair or growth, Paget's disease, osteochondrodysplasias, muscle wasting, the maintenance and enhancement of muscle strength and function, frailty or age-related functional decline ("ARFD”), dry eye, sarcopenia, chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic myaligia, acute fatigue syndrome, acceleration of wound healing, maintenance of sensory function, chronic liver disease, AIDS, weightlessness, burn and trauma recovery, thrombocytopenia, short bowel syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, obesity, eating disorders including anorexia associated with cachexia or aging, hypercortisolism and Cushing's syndrome, cardiovascular disease or cardiac dysfunction, congestive
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides a method of treatment of a mammal requiring the treatment of a variety of disorders including, but not limited to, osteoporosis and/or the prevention of reduced bone mass, density, or growth, osteoarthritis, acceleration of bone fracture repair and healing, acceleration of healing in joint replacement, periodontal disease, acceleration of tooth repair or growth, Paget's disease, osteochondrodysplasias, muscle wasting, the maintenance and enhancement of muscle strength and function, frailty or age- related functional decline ("ARFD”), dry eye, sarcopenia, chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic myaligia, acute fatigue syndrome, acceleration of wound healing, maintenance of sensory function, chronic liver disease, AIDS, weightlessness, burn and trauma recovery, thrombocytopenia, short bowel syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, obesity, eating disorders including anorexia associated with cachexia or aging, hypercortisolism and Cushing's syndrome, cardiovascular disease or cardiac dysfunction,
  • the compounds of the present invention are used as male and female hormone replacement therapy or for the treatment or prevention of hypogonadism, osteoporosis, muscle wasting, wasting diseases, cancer cachexia, frailty, prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, breast cancer, menopausal and andropausal vasomotor conditions, urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, depression, uterine fibroid disease, and/or endometriosis, treatment of acne, hirsutism, stimulation of hematopoiesis, male contraception, impotence, and as anabolic agents, which use includes administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound of the present invention.
  • the mammal requiring treatment with a compound of the present invention is typically a human being.
  • the compounds of the present invention may crystallize in more than one form, a characteristic known as polymorphism, and such polymorphic forms (“polymorphs") are within the scope of formula (I).
  • Polymorphism generally may occur as a response to changes in temperature, pressure, or both. Polymorphism may also result from variations in the crystallization process. Polymorphs may be distinguished by various physical characteristics known in the art such as x-ray diffraction patterns, solubility, and melting point. Certain of the compounds described herein contain one or more chiral centers, or may otherwise be capable of existing as multiple stereoisomers.
  • the scope of the present invention includes mixtures of stereoisomers as well as purified enantiomers or enantiomerically/diastereomerically enriched mixtures.
  • the present invention also includes the individual isomers of the compounds represented by the formulas above as mixtures with isomers thereof in which one or more chiral centers are inverted.
  • salts of the present invention are pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
  • Salts encompassed within the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refer to non-toxic salts of the compounds of this invention. Salts of the compounds of the present invention may comprise acid addition salts.
  • Representative salts include acetate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, bitartrate, borate, bromide, calcium edetate, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, clavulanate, citrate, dihydrochlohde, edetate, edisylate, estolate, esylate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glutamate, glycollylarsanilate, hexylresorcinate, hydrabamine, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroxynaphthoate, iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurate, malate, maleate, mandelate, mesylate, methylbromide, methylnitrate, methylsulfate, monopotassium maleate, mucate, napsylate, nitrate, N-methylglucamine, oxalate, pa
  • solvate refers to a complex of variable stoichiometry formed by a solute (in this invention, a compound of Formula (I)) and a solvent.
  • solvents for the purpose of the invention, should not interfere with the biological activity of the solute.
  • suitable solvents include, but are not limited to water, methanol, ethanol, and acetic acid.
  • the solvent used is a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent.
  • suitable pharmaceutically acceptable solvents include water, ethanol, and acetic acid. Most preferably the solvent used is water.
  • physiologically functional derivative refers to any pharmaceutically acceptable derivative of a compound of the present invention that, upon administration to a mammal, is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a compound of the present invention or an active metabolite thereof.
  • Such derivatives for example, esters and amides, will be clear to those skilled in the art, without undue experimentation.
  • the term "effective amount” means that amount of a drug or pharmaceutical agent that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal, or human that is being sought, for instance, by a researcher or clinician.
  • the biological or medical response may be considered a prophylactic response or a treatment response.
  • therapeutically effective amount means any amount which, as compared to a corresponding subject who has not received such amount, results in improved treatment, healing, prevention, or amelioration of a disease, disorder, or side effect, or a decrease in the rate of advancement of a disease or disorder.
  • therapeutically effective amounts of a compound of formula (I) may be administered as the raw chemical. Additionally, the active ingredient may be presented as a pharmaceutical composition.
  • the invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions that include effective amounts of compounds of the present invention and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, or excipients.
  • the compounds of the present invention are as herein described.
  • the carrier(s), diluent(s) or excipient(s) must be acceptable, in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient of the pharmaceutical composition.
  • a process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical formulation including admixing a compound of the present invention with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention will depend upon a number of factors. For example, the species, age, and weight of the recipient, the precise condition requiring treatment and its severity, the nature of the formulation, and the route of administration are all factors to be considered. The therapeutically effective amount ultimately should be at the discretion of the attendant physician or veterinarian.
  • the effective amount should be in the range of 0.01 to 10 mg/kg body weight per day.
  • the actual amount per day would usually be from 0.7 to 700 mg.
  • This amount may be given in a single dose per day or in a number (such as two, three, four, five, or more) of sub-doses per day such that the total daily dose is the same.
  • An effective amount of a salt, solvate, or physiologically functional derivative thereof may be determined as a proportion of the effective amount of the compound of formula (I) per se. Similar dosages should be appropriate for treatment of the other conditions referred to herein.
  • compositions may be presented in unit dose forms containing a predetermined amount of active ingredient per unit dose.
  • a unit may contain, as a non-limiting example, 0.1 mg to 1 g of a compound of the present invention, depending on the condition being treated, the route of administration, and the age, weight, and condition of the patient.
  • Preferred unit dosage formulations are those containing a daily dose or sub-dose, as herein above recited, or an appropriate fraction thereof, of an active ingredient.
  • Such pharmaceutical formulations may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the pharmacy art.
  • compositions may be adapted for administration by any appropriate route, for example by an oral (including buccal or sublingual), rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal, sublingual or transdermal), vaginal, or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or intradermal) route.
  • oral including buccal or sublingual
  • rectal nasal
  • topical including buccal, sublingual or transdermal
  • vaginal or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or intradermal) route.
  • parenteral including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or intradermal) route.
  • compositions adapted for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules or tablets; powders or granules; solutions or suspensions, each with aqueous or non-aqueous liquids; edible foams or whips; or oil-in-water liquid emulsions or water-in-oil liquid emulsions.
  • the active drug component may be combined with an oral, non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier such as ethanol, glycerol, water, and the like.
  • powders are prepared by comminuting the compound to a suitable fine size and mixing with an appropriate pharmaceutical carrier such as an edible carbohydrate, as, for example, starch or mannitol.
  • Flavorings, preservatives, dispersing agents, and coloring agents may also be present.
  • Capsules can be made by preparing a powder, liquid, or suspension mixture and encapsulating with gelatin or some other appropriate shell material.
  • Glidants and lubricants such as colloidal silica, talc, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, or solid polyethylene glycol may be added to the mixture before the encapsulation.
  • a disintegrating or solubilizing agent such as agar-agar, calcium carbonate or sodium carbonate may also be added to improve the availability of the medicament when the capsule is ingested.
  • suitable binders, lubricants, disintegrating agents, and coloring agents may also be incorporated into the mixture.
  • binders examples include starch, gelatin, natural sugars such as glucose or beta-lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, tragacanth, or sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes, and the like.
  • Lubricants useful in these dosage forms include, for example, sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, and the like.
  • Disintegrators include, without limitation, starch, methyl cellulose, agar, bentonite, xanthan gum, and the like.
  • Tablets can be formulated, for example, by preparing a powder mixture, granulating or slugging, adding a lubricant and disintegrant, and pressing into tablets.
  • a powder mixture may be prepared by mixing the compound, suitably comminuted, with a diluent or base as described above.
  • Optional ingredients include binders such as carboxymethylcellulose, aliginates, gelatins, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone, solution retardants such as paraffin, resorption accelerators such as a quaternary salt, and/or absorption agents such as bentonite, kaolin, or dicalcium phosphate.
  • the powder mixture may be wet-granulated with a binder such as syrup, starch paste, acadia mucilage or solutions of cellulosic or polymeric materials, and forcing through a screen.
  • a binder such as syrup, starch paste, acadia mucilage or solutions of cellulosic or polymeric materials
  • the powder mixture may be run through the tablet machine and the result is imperfectly formed slugs broken into granules.
  • the granules may be lubricated to prevent sticking to the tablet forming dies by means of the addition of stearic acid, a stearate salt, talc or mineral oil.
  • the lubricated mixture is then compressed into tablets.
  • the compounds of the present invention may also be combined with a free flowing inert carrier and compressed into tablets directly without going through the granulating or slugging steps.
  • a clear or opaque protective coating consisting of a sealing coat of shellac, a coating of sugar or polymeric material, and
  • Oral fluids such as solutions, syrups, and elixirs may be prepared in dosage unit form so that a given quantity contains a predetermined amount of the compound.
  • Syrups may be prepared, for example, by dissolving the compound in a suitably flavored aqueous solution, while elixirs are prepared through the use of a non-toxic alcoholic vehicle.
  • Suspensions may be formulated generally by dispersing the compound in a non-toxic vehicle.
  • Solubilizers and emulsifiers such as ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols and polyoxy ethylene sorbitol ethers, preservatives; flavor additives such as peppermint oil, or natural sweeteners, saccharin, or other artificial sweeteners; and the like may also be added.
  • dosage unit formulations for oral administration may be microencapsulated.
  • the formulation may also be prepared to prolong or sustain the release as for example by coating or embedding particulate material in polymers, wax or the like.
  • the compounds of the present invention may also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles, and multilamellar vesicles.
  • Liposomes may be formed from a variety of phospholipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine, or phosphatidylcholines.
  • the compounds of the present invention may also be delivered by the use of monoclonal antibodies as individual carriers to which the compound molecules are coupled.
  • the compounds of the present invention may also be coupled with soluble polymers as targetable drug carriers.
  • soluble polymers may include polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), pyran copolymer, polyhydroxypropylmethacrylamide- phenol, polyhydroxyethyl-aspartamidephenol, or polyethyleneoxidepolylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues.
  • the compounds may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug; for example, polylactic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates, and cross-linked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
  • biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug
  • compositions adapted for transdermal administration may be presented as discrete patches intended to remain in intimate contact with the epidermis of the recipient for a prolonged period of time.
  • the active ingredient may be delivered from the patch by iontophoresis as generally described in Pharmaceutical Research, 3(6), 318 (1986), incorporated herein by reference as related to such delivery systems.
  • Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for topical administration may be formulated as ointments, creams, suspensions, lotions, powders, solutions, pastes, gels, sprays, aerosols, or oils.
  • the formulations may be applied as a topical ointment or cream.
  • the active ingredient When formulated in an ointment, the active ingredient may be employed with either a paraffinic or a water-miscible ointment base. Alternatively, the active ingredient may be formulated in a cream with an oil-in-water cream base or a water-in-oil base.
  • Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for topical administrations to the eye include eye drops wherein the active ingredient is dissolved or suspended in a suitable carrier, especially an aqueous solvent.
  • compositions adapted for topical administration in the mouth include lozenges, pastilles, and mouthwashes.
  • Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for nasal administration, where the carrier is a solid include a coarse powder having a particle size for example in the range 20 to 500 microns. The powder is administered in the manner in which snuff is taken, i.e., by rapid inhalation through the nasal passage from a container of the powder held close up to the nose.
  • Suitable formulations wherein the carrier is a liquid, for administration as a nasal spray or as nasal drops include aqueous or oil solutions of the active ingredient.
  • compositions adapted for administration by inhalation include fine particle dusts or mists, which may be generated by means of various types of metered dose pressurized aerosols, nebulizers, or insufflators.
  • Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for rectal administration may be presented as suppositories or as enemas.
  • compositions adapted for vaginal administration may be presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams, or spray formulations.
  • Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous sterile injection solutions which may contain antioxidants, buffers, bacteriostats, and solutes that render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents.
  • the formulations may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example sealed ampules and vials, and may be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water for injections, immediately prior to use.
  • sterile liquid carrier for example water for injections, immediately prior to use.
  • Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders, granules, and tablets.
  • formulations may include other agents conventional in the art having regard to the type of formulation in question.
  • formulations suitable for oral administration may include flavoring or coloring agents.
  • the compounds of the present invention and their salts, solvates, and physiologically functional derivatives thereof may be employed alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents for the treatment of the above- mentioned conditions.
  • combination may be had with other anabolic or osteoporosis therapeutic agents.
  • osteoporosis combination therapies according to the present invention would thus comprise the administration of at least one compound of the present invention and the use of at least one other osteoporosis therapy.
  • combination therapies according to the present invention include the administration of at least one compound of the present invention and at least one other osteoporosis treatment agent, for example, an anti-bone resorption agent.
  • the compound(s) of the present invention and the other pharmaceutically active agent(s) may be administered together or separately and, when administered separately, administration may occur simultaneously or sequentially, in any order.
  • the amounts of the compound(s) of the present invention and the other pharmaceutically active agent(s) and the relative timings of administration will be selected in order to achieve the desired combined therapeutic effect.
  • the administration in combination of a compound of the present invention with other treatment agents may be in combination by administration concomitantly in: (1 ) a unitary pharmaceutical composition including both compounds; or (2) separate pharmaceutical compositions each including one of the compounds.
  • the combination may be administered separately in a sequential manner wherein one treatment agent is administered first and the other second or vice versa. Such sequential administration may be close in time or remote in time.
  • Another potential osteoporosis treatment agent is a bone building
  • Bone building agents may lead to increases in parameters such as bone mineral density that are greater than those than may be achieved with anti-resorptive agents. In some cases, such anabolic agents may increase trabecular connectivity leading to greater structural integrity of the bone.
  • Other potential therapeutic combinations include the compounds of the present invention combined with other compounds of the present invention, growth promoting agents, growth hormone secretagogues, growth hormone releasing factor and its analogs, growth hormone and its analogs, somatomedins, alpha-adrenergic agonists, serotonin 5-HT D agonists, agents that inhibit somatostatin or its release, 5- ⁇ -reductase inhibitors, aromatase inhibitors, GnRH agonists or antagonists, parathyroid hormone, bisphosphonates, estrogen, testosterone, SERMs, progesterone receptor agonists or antagonists, and/or with other modulators of nuclear hormone receptors.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be used in the treatment of a variety of disorders and conditions and, as such, the compounds of the present invention may be used in combination with a variety of other suitable therapeutic agents useful in the treatment of those disorders or conditions.
  • suitable therapeutic agents useful in the treatment of those disorders or conditions.
  • Non-limiting examples include combinations of the present invention with anti-diabetic agents, anti-osteoporosis agents, anti-obesity agents, anti-inflammatory agents, anti- anxiety agents, anti-depressants, anti-hypertensive agents, anti-platelet agents, anti-thrombotic and thrombolytic agents, cardiac glycosides, cholesterol or lipid lowering agents, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, thyroid mimetics, anabolic agents, viral therapies, cognitive disorder therapies, sleeping disorder therapies, sexual dysfunction therapies, contraceptives, cytotoxic agents, radiation therapy, anti-proliferative agents, and anti-tumor agents.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be combined with nutritional supplements such as amino acids, triglycerides, vitamins, minerals, creatine, piloic acid, carnitine, or coenzyme Q10.
  • nutritional supplements such as amino acids, triglycerides, vitamins, minerals, creatine, piloic acid, carnitine, or coenzyme Q10.
  • the compounds of the present invention are believed useful, either alone or in combination with other agents, in the treatment of hypogonadism, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, muscle wasting, wasting diseases, cancer cachexia, frailty, prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, breast cancer, menopausal and andropausal vasomotor conditions, urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, depression, uterine fibroid disease, endometriosis, acne, hirsutism, male contraception, impotence, and in the use as male and female hormone replacement therapy, as a stimulant of hema
  • the compounds of this invention may be made by a variety of methods, including well-known standard synthetic methods. Illustrative general synthetic methods are set out below and then specific compounds of the invention are prepared in the working Examples.
  • protecting groups for sensitive or reactive groups are employed where necessary in accordance with general principles of synthetic chemistry.
  • Protecting groups are manipulated according to standard methods of organic synthesis (T. W. Green and P. G. M. Wuts (1991 ) Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, incorporated by reference with regard to protecting groups). These groups are removed at a convenient stage of the compound synthesis using methods that are readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The selection of processes as well as the reaction conditions and order of their execution shall be consistent with the preparation of compounds of formula (I).
  • the present invention includes all possible stereoisomers and includes not only racemic compounds but the individual enantiomers as well.
  • a compound is desired as a single enantiomer, such may be obtained by stereospecific synthesis or by resolution of the final product or any convenient intermediate. Resolution of the final product, an intermediate, or a starting material may be effected by any suitable method known in the art. See, for example, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds by
  • AR modulator compounds, agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists include: Ethyl 1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-5-nitro-1/-/-indole-2-carboxylate;
  • AR modulator compounds, agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists include: 4-Chloro-2-propyl-1 -( ⁇ 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl ⁇ methyl)-
  • L (liters); ml_ (milliliters); ⁇ l_ (microliters); psi (pounds per square inch);
  • TEA triethylamine
  • TFA trifluoroacetic acid
  • TFAA trifluoroacetic anhydride
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • CDCI 3 deuterated chloroform
  • CD 3 OD deuterated methanol
  • SiO 2 silicon
  • DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
  • HCI hydrochloric acid
  • CHCI 3 chloroform
  • MsCI methanesulphonyl chloride
  • sat'd saturated
  • K 2 CO 3 potassium carbonate
  • DMAP 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine
  • DCE 1,2-dichloroethane
  • Ps polymer supported
  • P-BEMP polymer-supported 2-tert-butylimino-2-diethylamino-1 ,3- dimethylperhydro-1 ,3,2-diaza-phosphorine
  • TsCI tosyl chloride
  • Et 3 SiH triethylsilane
  • TBAF tetrabutylammonium fluoride
  • CSA camphor sulfonic acid
  • n-BuLi n-butyllithium
  • TBDPSCI tert-butyldiphenyl silylchloride
  • HOAc acetic acid
  • AcCI acetyl chloride
  • DIBAL-H diisobutyl aluminium hydride
  • NIS N-iodosuccinimide
  • NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • HATU O-(7-Azabenzotriazole-1-yl)-N, N,N'N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
  • DIEA diisopropylethyl amine
  • CDI carbonyl diimidazole
  • MeCN acetonithle
  • PTSA paratoluene sulfonic acid
  • NBS N-bromosuccinimide
  • MTBE methyl te/t-butyl ether
  • Tetrasubstituted indoles of formula (I) that bear a chloro or cyano at the indole 4-position can be constructed by directed chlohnation of 5-hydroxy indoles with sulforyl chloride (Scheme 1 ). Palladium-mediated cyanation through the corresponding triflate then affords the desired 5-cyano-4-chloro indoles as well as the bis cyano indoles as side products. Further functionalization of the indole 2-position is afforded from the starting 2-position ester functionality.
  • the highly substituted indole precurors of compounds of formula (I) may be further elaborated by alkylation of the indole 1 -position with alkyl halides in the presence of a base.
  • alkylating agent would be (bromomethyl) cyclopropane, while a typical non-limiting example of a base would be cesium carbonate.
  • Heterocycle-bearing indoles that cannot be made from simple alkylation with, for example, commercially available 3-halomethyl-5-substituted 1 ,2,4- oxadiazoles (as in Scheme 7) may be synthesized by coupling of an amide oxime with an acid chloride followed by thermally-induced ring closure (Scheme 8).
  • the requisite amide oximes of the parent indoles can be constructed by alkylation with bromoacetonitrile followed by treatment with hydroxylamine.
  • TsCI 0.009 g, 0.048 mmol
  • P-BEMP loading 2.2 mmol/g, 0.073 g, 0.16 mmol
  • additional TsCI 0.0046 g, 0.024 mmol
  • P-BEMP 0.037 g, 0.08 mmol

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Abstract

This invention relates to non-steroidal compounds that are modulators of androgen receptor, and also to the methods for the making and use of such compounds.

Description

CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to non-steroidal compounds that are modulators of androgen receptor, and also to the methods for the making and use of such compounds. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a class of structurally related proteins that modulate gene expression by acting as ligand-dependent transcription factors [Evans, R. M. Science 1988, 240, 889-95]. The steroid receptors, namely the androgen receptor (AR), the estrogen receptor (ER), the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and the progesterone receptor (PR) represent a subclass of the nuclear receptor superfamily. NR ligands in this subclass exert their effects by binding to an intracellular steroid hormone receptor. In the presence of an agonist ligand the AR binds as a homodimer to the androgen response element (ARE), a consensus sequence for steroid receptors (GGTACAnnnTGTTCT) [Beato M. Cell 1989, 56, 335-44. Cato, A. C. B. and Peterziel, H. TEM 1998, 9, 150-154. Wong, C. I.; Zhou, Z. X.; Sar, M.; Wilson, E. M. J. Biol. Chem. 1993, 268, 19004-12].
Certain NR ligands are known to exert their action in a tissue selective manner [Smith, C. L.; O'Malley, B. W. Endoc. Rev. 2004, 25, 45-71]. This selectivity stems from the particular ability of these ligands to function as agonists in some tissues, while having no effect or even an antagonist effect in other tissues. The term "selective receptor modulator" (SRM) has been given to these molecules. A synthetic compound that binds to an intracellular receptor and mimics the effects of the native hormone is referred to as an agonist. A compound that inhibits the effect of the native hormone is called an antagonist. The term "modulators" refers to compounds that have a spectrum of activities ranging from full agonism to partial agonism to full antagonism. Steroidal NR ligands are known to play important roles in the health of both men and women. In regard to men's health, testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are endogenous steroidal ligands for the AR that likely play a role in every tissue type found in the mammalian body. During the development of the fetus, androgens play a role in sexual differentiation and development of male sexual organs. Further sexual development is mediated by androgens during puberty. Androgens play diverse roles in the adult including stimulation and maintenance of male sexual accessory organs and maintenance of the musculoskeletal system. Cognitive function, sexuality, aggression, and mood are some of the behavioral aspects mediated by androgens. Androgens affect the skin, bone, and skeletal muscle, as well as blood lipids and blood cells [Chang, C. 2002, 503 pp. Publisher: (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, Mass.)].
The study of androgen action and male reproductive dysfunction continues to expand significantly. In fact, only recently has the definition of a disease state been associated with hormonal changes that occur in aging men. This syndrome, previously referred to as "Andropause," has more recently been described as Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male, or "ADAM" [Morales, A. and Tenover, J. L. Urologic Clinics of North America 2002, 29, 975]. The onset of ADAM is unpredictable and its manifestations are subtle and variable. Clinical manifestations of ADAM include fatigue, depression, decreased libido, erectile dysfunction as well as changes in cognition and mood.
Published information indicates that androgen replacement therapy (ART) in men may have benefits in terms of improving body composition parameters (e.g. bone mineral density, lean muscle mass, and strength) as well as improving libido and mood in some men. Andrologists and other specialists are increasingly using ART for the treatment of the symptoms of ADAM. This use is with due caution given potential side effects of androgens. Nonetheless, there is increasing scientific rationale and evidence for androgen deficiency and treatment in the aging male In general, current ARTs fail to correctly mimic physiological testosterone levels and have potential side effects including exacerbation of pre-existing sleep apnoea, polycythemia (increased hematocrit), and/or gynaecomastia. Furthermore, the longer-term side effects on target organs such as the prostate or the cardiovascular system are yet to be fully elucidated. Importantly, the potential cancer promoting effects of testosterone on the prostate prevent many physicians from prescribing it to older men (i.e. age > 60 years) who, ironically, stand to benefit most from treatment. The need for a novel selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) is obviated by the potential side effect profile manifested by conventional treatments. An ideal SARM has all the beneficial effects of endogenous androgens, while sparing sexual accessory organs, specifically the prostate.
SARMs are currently in the early stages of development. Much of the preclinical and clinical understanding of the therapeutic promise of SARMs stems from work using anabolic steroids. Because of their highly selective anabolic properties and demonstrated prostate sparing activity, SARMs could be used for prevention or treatment of many diseases, including, but not limited to sarcopenia (muscle wasting), osteoporosis, frailty, and other conditions associated with aging or androgen deficiency. SARMs also show promise in the areas of hormonal male contraception and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The therapeutic potential of SARMs for treatment of androgen deficient disorders in women is a far less studied field. This review primarily focuses on the use of SARMs for the treatment and prevention of disease in males, but many of these therapies could apply to both genders. Male hypogonadism represents a state of impaired testosterone production. There are two general types of hypogonadism: primary hypogonadism is due to testicular failure, while secondary hypogonadism is due to malfunction at the hypothalamic/pituitary level. Gonadotropins can be elevated or decreased depending on the localization of the condition. Severe symptoms are associated with the hypogonadal state. Symptomatic profiles differ depending on the time of onset of the condition. Symptoms in patients who experience hypogonadism after normal virilization include decreased muscle mass, osteopenia/osteoporosis, decreased fertility, increased visceral fat, and sexual dysfunction [Zitzmann, M.; Nieschlag, E. MoI. Cell. Endo. 2000, 161, 73- 88].
A SARM in hypogonadal men would provide the anabolic effects of testosterone with the convenience of oral administration. Prostate drive is usually not a concern for young hypogonadal males, but the sparing effects of a SARM may still prove beneficial. Clinical studies in hypogonadal males using testosterone have provided compelling efficacy data [Wang, C; Cunningham, G.; Dobs, A.; Iranmanesh, A.; Matsumoto, A. M.; Synder, P. J.; Weber, T.; Berman, N.; Hull, L.; Swerdloff, R. S. J. Clin. Endo. Met. 2004, 89, 2085-2098].
Over 80% of all illness, morbidity, and medical costs are concentrated in the years after age 65. With increased survival to more advanced ages, the absolute numbers of senior citizens will increase markedly in coming years.
According to the United Nations World Health Organization report on Aging, it is anticipated that by 2030 one in five American will be over the age of 65 [Anonymous, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) MMWR Trends in Aging— United States and Worldwide. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2003, 52, 101-4, 106]. Though decline in organ function is inevitable in this population, it may be possible to extend organ function, thereby increasing quality of life (QOL) in older people. Therapeutic interventions that reduce organ decline and increase QOL will clearly be widely accepted, both for their ability to decrease overall health care costs and to improve the length of functional life. Clinical studies show that ART in men improves body composition parameters such as muscle mass, strength, and bone mineral density [Asthana, S.; Bhasin, S.; Butler, R. N.; Fillit, H.; Finkelstein, J.; Harman, S. M.; Holstein, L.; Korenman, S. G.; Matsumoto, A. M.; Morley, J. E.; Tsitouras, P.; Urban, R. J. Ger., Series A: Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2004, 59, 461-465]. There is also evidence of improvement in less tangible parameters such as libido and mood. Andrologists and other specialists are increasingly using androgens for the treatment of the symptoms of androgen deficiency. ART, using T and its congeners, is available in transdermal, injectable and oral dosage forms. All current treatment options have contraindications (e.g., prostate cancer) and side-effects, such as increased hematocrit, liver toxicity, and sleep apnoea.
Sarcopenia or muscle wasting is the aging-associated decline in neuromuscular function and performance [Lynch, G. S. Exp. Opin. Emerg. Drugs 2004, 9, 345-361]. Skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness are considered major contributing factors to the loss of mobility, independence, and frailty that affect many older adults [Doherty, T. J. J. App. Phys. 2003, 95, 1717-1727]. Relative muscle loss in aging men and women is similar, but because men start with higher baseline values, their absolute loss of strength is greater. Epidemiological data support the relationship between the fall in testosterone and the decline in muscle mass [Janssen, I.; Shepard, D. S.; Katzmarzyk, P. T.; Roubenoff, R. JAGS 2003, 80-85. Baumgartner, R. N.; Waters, D. L.; Gallagher, D.; Morley. J. E.; Garry, P. J. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 1999, 707, 123-36]. As mentioned above, many clinical studies with testosterone have demonstrated significant gains in muscle mass and function along with decreases in visceral fat [Bhasin, S. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2003, 58, 1002-1008. Ferrando, A. A.; Sheffield-Moore, M.; Yeckel, C.W.; Gilkison, C; Jiang, J.; Achacosa, A.;
Lieberman, S. A.; Tipton, K.; Wolfe, R. R.; Urban, R. J. Am. J. Phys. Endo. Met. 2002, 282, E601-E607].
The actual mechanisms of androgen-promoted muscle anabolism are still not fully understood. It is generally believed that androgen-induced increases in muscle mass can be attributed to increases in muscle protein synthesis [Brodsky, I.; Balagopal, P.; Nair, K. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1996, 81, 3469-3475]. Muscle size increases associated with androgen therapy occur through the hypertrophy of both type I and type Il muscle fibers. Studies have shown that androgens promote increases in satellite cell number as well as myonuclei [Singh, R.; Artaza, J, N.; Taylor, W. E.; Gonzalez-Cadavid, N. F.; Bhasin, S. Endocrinology 2003, 144, 5081-5088]. Other studies have shown androgens to promote the commitment of pluripotent, mesenchymal cells into the myogenic lineage and to inhibit differentiation into the adipogenic lineage.
Men undergo a gradual reduction in bone mass in early to mid adulthood. In fact, when in their late 60's, men lose bone mass at a rate similar to women. There is increasing evidence that T plays an important role in the maintenance of bone [Notelovitz, M. Fertil. Steril. 2002, 77, S34-S41.Vanderschueren, D.; Vandenput, L. Andrologia 2000, 32, 125-30]. There have been multiple studies examining the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and related bone markers and T levels in men. Osteoporosis is common in men undergoing treatment for prostate cancer. Bilateral orchidectomy and gonadotropin- releasing hormone agonist treatment decrease BMD and increase fracture risk [Smith, M. R. Cancer and Meta. Rev. 2002, 21, 159-166]. Testosterone therapy increases bone mineral density in men with low T [Leifke, E.; Korner, H. C; Link, T. M.; Behre, H. M.; Peters, P. E.; Nieschlag, E. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 1998, 738, 51-58. Schubert, M.; Bullmann, C; Minnemann, T.; Reiners, C; Krone, W.; Jockenhoevel, F. Hormone Research 2003, 60, 21-28]. It is not entirely clear if both T and E2 are required for healthy bone maintenance. A combination therapy of estrogen and androgen increases BMD to a greater extent than does estrogen therapy alone [Vanderschueren, D.; Vandenput, L. Andrologia 2000, 32, 125-30].
Androgens are important for skeletal homeostasis, affecting bone mineral density (BMD) by regulating the bone breakdown and remodeling process. Androgen action on AR expressing osteoblasts inhibits osteoclastogenesis in the bone marrow cavity. Androgens increase cortical bone formation mainly by stimulating periosteal bone formation [Notelovitz, M. Fertil. Steril. 2002, 77, S34- S41].
Clinically employed antiresorptive therapies such as estrogen replacement, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), bisphosphonates, and cathepsin K inhibitors, do not restore bone mass in patients already showing significant bone loss. The clinical use of intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment to promote bone formation is limited because of side effects and possible association with osteosarcoma. Like T therapy, SARMs offer promise not only as antiresorptive agents, but also as osteoanabolic agents. A few preclinical studies demonstrating the promise of SARMs in the treatment of osteoporosis have been published [Hanada, K.; Furuya, K.; Yamamoto, N.; Nejishima, H.; lchikawa, K.; Nakamura, T.; Miyakawa, M.; Amano, S.; Sumita, Y.; Oguro, N. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2003, 26, 1563-1569. Rosen, J. and Negro-Vilar J. Muse. Neur. Interact. 2002, 2, 222-224. Kearbey, J. D.; Gao, W.; Miller, D. D.; and Dalton, J. T. Pharm. Sci. 2003, 5, R61-R67]. SARMs were shown to significantly increased BMD and bone strength in ORX rats [Hanada, K.; Furuya, K.; Yamamoto, N.; Nejishima, H.; lchikawa, K.; Nakamura, T.; Miyakawa, M.; Amano, S.; Sumita, Y.; Oguro, N. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2003, 26, 1563-1569]. Administration of the SARM, S-40503, to ORX rats for 4 weeks increased bone mineral density (BMD) of femur and levator ani muscle weight as markedly as DHT. Prostate weight was not elevated over that for eugonadal rats at any doses tested. In order to further validate the bone anabolic effect, S-40503 was given to ovariectomized (OVX) rats over a 2 month period. The SARM significantly increased BMD and biomechanical strength of femoral cortical bone, whereas the antiresorptive estrogen did not. An increase in periosteal mineral apposition rate of the femur showed direct bone formation activity of S-40503. The increase in BMD was not attributed to muscle anabolism as hind limb suspended rats showed like increases in BMD.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) affects the majority of men in the United States over the age of 50. Prostatic drive is determined by the local concentration of androgen. DHT, the androgen of the prostate, is produced in the prostate by the action 5-α-reductase on T. BPH can lead to many problems including acute urinary retention, recurrent bladder infection, bladder calcul, and a general decrease in a patient's quality of life [Kirby, R. S. Urology 2000, 56, 3- 6. Andriole, G.; Bruchovsky, N.; Chung, L. W. K.; Matsumoto, A. M.; Rittmaster, R.; Roehrborn, C; Russell, D.; Tindall, D. J. of Urology 2004, 172, 1399-1403. Djavan, B.; Barkin, J. European Urology, Supplements 2003, 2, 20-26].
SARMs that compete with prostatic binding of DHT, but that do not elicit an agonist response, may provide a therapeutic approach to the treatment of BPH. The true novelty of such a therapy is realized when prostate volume reduction is combined with the other desirable pharmacologic features of a SARM. Drug-related adverse events from 5-α-reductase inhibitors include erectile dysfunction, decrease libido, and decreased ejaculate volume [Andhole, G.; Bruchovsky, N.; Chung, L. W. K.; Matsumoto, A. M.; Rittmaster, R.; Roehrborn, C; Russell, D.; Tindall, D. J. of Urology 2004, 172, 1399-1403]. A comparison study of the pharmacologic activity of a SARM to an antiandrogen, and a 5-α-reductase inhibitor in intact male rats was recently reported [Gao, W.; Kearbey, J. D.; Nair, V. A.; Chung, K.; Parlow, A. F.; Miller, D. D.; Dalton, J. T. Endocrinology, 2004, 145, 5420-5428]. Large studies investigating the use of high doses of testosterone as a means of male contraception have been and are currently being conducted [Gao, W.; Kearbey, J. D.; Nair, V. A.; Chung, K.; Parlow, A. F.; Miller, D. D.; Dalton, J. T. Endocrinology, 2004, 145, 5420-5428. World Health Organization Task Force on Methods for the Regulation of Male Fertility. Lancet 1990, 336, 955-959]. Testosterone is a necessary component in the generation of sperm, but high doses actually inhibit formation of mature sperm. Sperm maturation relies on the secretion of LH and FSH. LH regulates testicular testosterone production by the Leydig cells and FSH stimulates Sertoli cells to provide nutrients to maturing sperm. T production is regulated through a feedback loop that involves the hypothalamus and pituitary glands. Testosterone signals the hypothalamus and pituitary to decrease production of gonadotropin releasing hormone which in turn lowers the secretion of LH and FSH. Supraphysiological levels of testosterone serve to inhibit LH and FSH secretion through the feedback loop [Wang, C; Swerdloff, R. S. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2004, 790, S60-S68. Wang, C; Swerdloff, R. S. Endocrine Updates 1999, 5, 303-319]. Lowered intratesticular levels of T and FSH decrease sperm production [Sharpe, R. M.; Donachie, K.; Cooper, IJ. Endo. 1988, 117, 19-26.].
A SARMs efficacy in male contraception is dependent on its ability to interfere with the HPT axis and also on its potential action on androgen receptors in the testes. A SARM from the aryl-propionamide class, C-6, exhibited significant gonadotropin suppression in castrated male rats [Chen, J.; Hwang, D. J.; Bohl, C. E.; Miller, D. D.; Dalton, J. T. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2005, 312, 546-553]. While this study focused on the central mediation of spermatogenesis, further investigation of the direct effects of SARMs on androgen receptors in the Sertoli, Leydig, peritubular myoid, and vascular smooth muscle cells of the testis would increase our understanding of spermatogenic inhibitory mechanisms [Collins, L. L.; Lee, H. -J.; Chen, Y. -T.; Chang, M.; Hsu, H. -Y.; Yeh, S. ; Chang, C. Cytogenet Genome Res. 2003, 703, 299-301].
Inhibition of spermatogenesis may not be a desired effect for individuals seeking the benefits of hormone replacement. In such cases, a desirable SARM profile would show no effects on the endogenous hormone levels and/or spermatogenesis, while still demonstrating marked anabolic effects in muscle and bone.
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is prevalent in both men and women, though it is thought to be less common in men [Laumann E. O.; Paik A.; Rosen R. C. JAMA 1999, 281, 537-44]. There are multiple factors contributing to HSDD in men. The two major components are decreased libido and erectile dysfunction. Libido decreases with aging in men. Adequate plasma T levels are required for maintenance of normal libido. Testosterone deficiency decreases libido, but the threshold level of testosterone under which libido problems may occur is relatively low (290 ng/dL) [Buena, F.; Swerdloff, R. S.; Steiner, B. S.; Lutchmansingh, P.; Peterson, M. A.; Pandian M. R.; Galmarini, M.; Bhasin, S. Fertil. Steril. 1993, 59, 1118-23]. Low libido in aging men is associated with deficiency of bioavailable testosterone, whereas total testosterone showed no or only weak associations [Ansong, K. S.; Punwaney, R. B. J. Urol. 1999, 162, 719- 721. Davidson, J. M.; Chen, J. J.; Crapo, L.; Gray, G. D.; Greenleaf, W. J.; Catania, J. A. J. Clin. Endo. Met. 1983, 57, 71-7]. Clinical studies investigating the effects of testosterone on male sexual dysfunction have been conducted [Morley, J. E.; Perry, H. M. 3rd Andropause: an Old Concept in New Clothing. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 2003, 19, 507-28. Hajjar, R. R.; Kaiser, F. E.;
Morley, J. E. J. Clin. Endo. Met. 1997, 82, 3793-3796. Morales, A.; Johnston, B.; Heaton, J. P. W.; Lundie, M. J. Urol. 1997, 757, 849-854]. Establishment of efficacy in these studies relies on the collection of soft data such as daily diary recordings and questionnaires regarding perceived libido. Testosterone replacement appears to have positive effects on libido, but the establishment of common clinically validated tools would serve to allow meaningful study interpretation and comparisons.
Incidence of erectile dysfunction increases with aging [Johannes, C. B.; Araujo, A. B.; Feldman, H. A.; Derby, C. A.; Kleinman, K. P.; McKinlay, J. B J. Urol. 2000, 763, 460-3]. The etiology of erectile dysfunction is usually multifactorial, and late-onset hypogonadism is a contributing factor in a minor percentage (8-15%) of cases [Kaiser F. E. Medical Clinics of North America 1999, 83, 1267-78]. There is an association between serum testosterone level and frequency, duration and degree of spontaneous nocturnal erections [Carani, C; Bancroft, J.; Granata, A.; Del Rio, G.; Marrama, P.
Psychoneuroendocrinology 1992, 77, 647-54]. Although some studies found no relationship with testosterone levels in older men [Ahn, H. S.; Park, C. M.; Lee, S. W. BJU International 2002, 89, 526-530. Cunningham, G. R; Hirshkowitz, M; Korenman, S. G; Karacan, I. J. CHn. Endo. Met. 1990, 70, 792- 7], other studies have reported reduced testosterone levels in patients with erectile dysfunction [Rhoden, E. L.; Teloken, C; Sogari, P. R.; Souto, C. A. V. J. Urol. 2002, 767, 1745-1748].
Although no studies have been published to date, the use of SARMs for HSDD offers the potential to increase libido while not driving the stimulation of sexual accessory organs such as the prostate. T has been shown to aid in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Because the threshold value for T required to enhance libido is so low, very low doses of a SARM may be employed in order to provide treatment.
The use of androgens to alleviate the physiological consequences of testosterone deficiency is well recognized in men. The concept of androgen deficiency in women, however, is not readily embraced. The clinical manifestations of T deficiency in women are decreased libido, lowered mood, a diminished sense of well-being, blunted motivation, and persistent fatigue. Clinically, the use of androgens in women has been shown to enhance sexual function, maintain BMD, and increase fat-free mass [Cameron, D. R.; Braunstein, G. D. Fert. Steril. 2004, 82, 273-289].
SARMs have the potential to offer the same benefits in women as androgen therapies without the unwanted side effects. Side effects from androgen therapy in women include: acne, hirsutism, and lowering of high- density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Limited preclinical studies exploring the use of SARMs for female indications have been published. [Hanada, K.; Furuya, K.; Yamamoto, N.; Nejishima, H.; lchikawa, K.; Nakamura, T.; Miyakawa, M.; Amano, S.; Sumita, Y.; Oguro, N. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2003, 26, 1563-1569. Gao, W.; Reiser, P. J.; Coss, C. C; Phelps, M. A.; Kearbey, J. D.; Miller, D. D.; Dalton, J. T. Endocrinology 2005, 146(11), 4887-4897].
Thus, modulators of steroid hormone nuclear receptors that are highly specific for one receptor could offer greater benefit with less side effects in the treatment of both female and male related hormone responsive diseases.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Briefly, in one aspect, the present invention provides compounds of formula (I)
Figure imgf000013_0001
or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein
X and Y are each independently C or N;
X and Y are not both N; R1 is H, OH, CN, halogen, Ci-6alkoxy, or nitro;
R2 is H, Ci-6alkyl, Ci-6alkoxy, Ci-6haloalkyl, halogen, or CN;
R3 is H, halogen, Ci-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, Ci-6haloalkyl, -C(O)R6, -CH2OH, or (CH2)qRx;
Rx is -C3-6cycloalkyl, -C(O)OCH3, -C(O)OR7, or -CN; q is O, 1 , 2, or 3;
R4 is H, or (R8)(R9);
R5 is H, Ci-6alkyl, or halogen;
R6 is H, Ci-6alkyl, Or NH2;
R7 is Ci-6alkyl; R8 is Ci-6alkylene;
R9 is Ci-6alkyl, Ci-6alkoxy, C2-6alkenyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, Ci-3haloalkyl, CN, -C(O)R10,
-C(CH2)C(O)OCH3, -C(NOH)NH2, or -OR11; or
R9 is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, Ci-6alkyl, Ci-3haloalkyl, Ci-6alkoxy, CN, and Rb; or R9 is heterocyclyl, wherein said heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from Ra and Rb; wherein Ra is CN, -C(O)R6, -NR12R13, Ci-6alkyl, Ca-ecycloalkyl, Ci-3haloalkyl, halogen, or heterocyclyl, wherein said heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, Ci-6alkyl, Ci- shaloalkyl, -SCH3, and -S(O)2CH3; Rb is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more substitutents independently selected from -OH, halogen, Ci-6alkyl, Ci-3haloalkyl, Ci- 3haloalkoxy, CN, nitro, Ci-3alkoxy, C3-6cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, -C(O)OCH3, - SCH3, -C(O)OH, -C(O)NR12R13, -S(O)2CH3, and -C(O)CH3; R10 is -OCi-6alkyl, -NH2, -NHCH2CH3, or -N(CH3)2; R11 is Ci-6alkyl, Ci-6alkoxyCi-6alkylene, or H; or
R11 is heterocyclyl or phenyl, wherein said heterocyclyl or phenyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from Ci-3alkyl, Ci-3alkoxy, halogen, CN, -SO2CH3, -NHC(O)CH3, and Ci-3haloalkyl; R12 and R13 are each independently selected from H and Ci-6alkyl; m is O or 1 ; p is O or 1 ;
R1 and R2 are not both H; when R4 is H, R3 is not H; when Y is N, m is O; and when X is N, p is O.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound substantially as hereinbefore defined with reference to any one of the Examples.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the present invention. Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of the present invention for use as an active therapeutic substance.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a compound of the present invention for use in the treatment of hypogonadism, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, muscle wasting, wasting diseases, cancer cachexia, frailty, prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, breast cancer, menopausal and andropausal vasomotor conditions, urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, depression, uterine fibroid disease, endometriosis, acne, hirsutism, male contraception, impotence, and in the use as male and female hormone replacement therapy, as a stimulant of hematopoiesis, and as an anabolic agent.
Another aspect of the present invention provides the use of a compound of the present invention in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of hypogonadism, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, muscle wasting, wasting diseases, cancer cachexia, frailty, prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, breast cancer, menopausal and andropausal vasomotor conditions, urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, depression, uterine fibroid disease, endometriosis, acne, hirsutism, male contraception, impotence, and in the use as male and female hormone replacement therapy, as a stimulant of hematopoiesis, and as an anabolic agent. Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for the treatment of hypogonadism, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, muscle wasting, wasting diseases, cancer cachexia, frailty, prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, breast cancer, menopausal and andropausal vasomotor conditions, urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, depression, uterine fibroid disease, endometriosis, acne, hirsutism, male contraception, impotence, and a method of male and female hormone replacement therapy, stimulation of hematopoiesis, and anabolism, comprising the administration of a compound of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Terms are used within their accepted meanings. The following definitions are meant to clarify, but not limit, the terms defined.
As used herein the term "alkyl" refers to a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon, preferably having from one to six carbon atoms. Examples of "alkyl" as used herein include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, and n-pentyl.
As used throughout this specification, the preferred number of atoms, such as carbon atoms, will be represented by, for example, the phrase "Cx-Cy alkyl," which refers to an alkyl group, as herein defined, containing the specified number of carbon atoms. Similar terminology will apply for other preferred terms and ranges as well.
As used herein the term "alkenyl" refers to a straight or branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon containing one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds. Examples include, but are not limited to, vinyl and the like.
As used herein, the term "alkylene" refers to a straight or branched chain divalent hydrocarbon radical, preferably having from one to six carbon atoms (Ci- 6 alkylene). In some embodiments, the alkylene group has from one to four carbon atoms (Ci-4 alkyene). Examples of "alkylene" as used herein include, but are not limited to, methylene (-CH2-), ethylene (-CH2-CH2-), propylene (-CH2- CH2-CH2), and branched versions thereof such as (-CH(CH3)-), -CH2-CH(CH3)- -CH(CHg)-CH2-, -CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2- -CH2-C(CHg)2- and the like.
As used herein, the term "cycloalkyl" refers to a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon ring. Exemplary "cycloalkyl" groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and the like.
As used herein, the term "heterocycle" or "heterocyclyl" refers to a mono- or poly-cyclic ring system containing one or more heteroatoms and optionally containing one or more degrees of unsaturation, including monocyclic five to seven membered aromatic or non-aromatic rings, or a fused bicyclic aromatic or non-aromatic ring system comprising two of such rings. Preferred heteroatoms include N, O, and S. Preferably the ring is three to ten-membered. Such rings may be optionally fused to one or more of another "heterocycle" ring(s), "aryl" ring(s), or "cycloalkyl" ring(s). Examples of "heterocycle" groups include, but are not limited to, oxadiazole, pyridine, thiadiazole, furan, thiazole, thiophene, oxazole, imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazolopyradine, and pyrazole, and the like. Preferred heterocyclyl groups include oxadiazolyl, pyridinyl, thiadiazolyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolopyradinyl, and pyrazolyl.
As used herein, the term "aryl" refers to a benzene ring or to a fused benzene ring system, for example anthracene, phenanthrene, or naphthalene ring systems. Examples of "aryl" groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, 2- naphthyl, 1-naphthyl, biphenyl, and the like. One preferred aryl group is phenyl.
As used herein the term "halogen" refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. As used herein the term "haloalkyl" refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein that is substituted with at least one halogen. Examples of branched or straight chained "haloalkyl" groups useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, and t-butyl substituted independently with one or more halogens, e.g., fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo. The term "haloalkyl" should be interpreted to include such substituents such as - CF3, -CHF2, -CH2F, Or -CH2-CF3, and the like.
As used herein the term "alkoxy" refers to a group -ORa, where Ra is alkyl as herein defined.
As used herein the term "haloalkoxy" refers to a group -ORa, where Ra is haloalkyl as defined herein.
As used herein the term "alkoxyalkylene" refers to a group -RaRb, where Ra is alkylene as defined herein and Rb is alkoxy as defined herein.
As used herein the term "nitro" refers to a group -NO2.
The dashed line in formula (I) " " represents the existence or absence of a double bond. For example, when X and Y are carbon and a single bond exists between them, the parent structure would be an indoline. In a related scenario, when X and Y are carbon and a double bond exists between them, the parent structure would be an indole
As used herein throughout the present specification, the phrase "optionally substituted" or variations thereof denote an optional substitution, including multiple degrees of substitution, with one or more substituent groups. The phrase should not be interpreted so as to be imprecise or duplicative of substitution patterns herein described or depicted specifically. Rather, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the phrase is included to provide for obvious modifications, which are encompassed within the scope of the appended claims. Preferably, "one or more substitutents" as used herein refers to one or two substituent groups.
The present invention provides compounds of formula (I) or a salt or solvate thereof as herein before defined. In one embodiment, R1 is halogen or CN. In another embodiment, R1 is
CN.
In one embodiment, R2 is Ci-6haloalkyl, halogen, or CN. In another embodiment, R2 is CF3, Cl, or CN. In a further embodiment, R2 is CF3.
In one embodiment, X and Y are both C. In another embodiment, p is 1 and R5 is H.
In one embodiment, m is 1 and R3 is H, d-βalkyl, Ci-θhaloalkyI or (CH2)qRx. In another embodiment, Rx is -C3-6cycloalkyl and q is 0. In a further embodiment, R3 is d-ealkyl.
In one embodiment, R4 is (R8)(R9). In another embodiment, R8 is Ci- 2alkylene. In a further embodiment, R8 is methylene.
In one embodiment, R9 is Ci-3haloalkyl, -C(O)R10, or heterocyclyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from Ra and Rb.
In another embodiment, R9 is CF3 or -C(O)NH2.
In one embodiment, R9 is heterocyclyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from Ra and Rb. In a further embodiment, R9 is oxadiazolyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from Ra and Rb. In a further embodiment, Ra is heterocyclyl substituted with one or more halogens. In another embodiment, Rb is phenyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from Ci-3haloalkyl, CN, and halogen. In another embodiment, Rb is phenyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from CF3, CN, and halogen. In a further embodiment, Rb is phenyl substituted with CF3.
While the embodiments and preferred groups for each variable have generally been listed above separately for each variable, compounds of this invention include those in which several of each variable in formula (I) are selected from the aspects or embodiments, and preferred, more preferred, or most preferred groups for each variable. Therefore, this invention is intended to include all combinations of all aspect, embodiments, and preferred, more preferred, and most preferred groups. The compounds of the present invention are believed to modulate the function of one or more nuclear hormone receptor(s). Particularly, the compounds of the present invention modulate the androgen receptor ("AR"). The present invention includes compounds that are selective agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, or partial antagonists of the AR. Compounds of the present invention are useful in the treatment of AR-associated diseases and conditions, for example, a disease or condition that is prevented, alleviated, or cured through the modulation of the function or activity of AR. Such modulation may be isolated within certain tissues or widespread throughout the body of the subject being treated. As used herein, the term "treatment" refers to alleviating the specified condition, eliminating or reducing the symptoms of the condition, slowing or eliminating the progression of the condition and preventing or delaying the initial occurrence of the condition in a subject, or reoccurrance of the condition in a previously afflicted subject. One embodiment of the present invention provides compounds of the present invention for use in medical therapy. Particularly, the present invention provides for the treatment of disorders mediated by androgenic activity. More particularly, the present invention provides treatment of disorders responsive to tissue-selective anabolic and or androgenic activity. A further embodiment of the invention provides a method of treatment of a mammal suffering from a disorder mediated by androgenic activity, which includes administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound of the present invention.
One embodiment of the present invention is the use of the compounds of the present invention for the treatment of a variety of disorders including, but not limited to, osteoporosis and/or the prevention of reduced bone mass, density, or growth, osteoarthritis, acceleration of bone fracture repair and healing, acceleration of healing in joint replacement, periodontal disease, acceleration of tooth repair or growth, Paget's disease, osteochondrodysplasias, muscle wasting, the maintenance and enhancement of muscle strength and function, frailty or age-related functional decline ("ARFD"), dry eye, sarcopenia, chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic myaligia, acute fatigue syndrome, acceleration of wound healing, maintenance of sensory function, chronic liver disease, AIDS, weightlessness, burn and trauma recovery, thrombocytopenia, short bowel syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, obesity, eating disorders including anorexia associated with cachexia or aging, hypercortisolism and Cushing's syndrome, cardiovascular disease or cardiac dysfunction, congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, malignant tumor cells containing the androgen receptor including breast, brain, skin, ovary, bladder, lymphatic, liver, kidney, uterine, pancreas, endometrium, lung, colon, and prostate, prostatic hyperplasia, hirsutism, acne, seborrhea, androgenic alopecia, anemia, hyperpilosity, adenomas and neoplasis of the prostate, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, syndrome X, dyslipidemia, menopausal vasomotor conditions, urinary incontinence, artherosclerosis, libido enhancement, sexual dysfunction, depression, nervousness, irritability, stress, reduced mental energy and low self-esteem, improvement of cognitive function, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, counteracting preeclampsia, premenstral syndrome, contraception, uterine fibroid disease, aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation, male hormone replacement, or ADAM.
A further embodiment of the invention provides a method of treatment of a mammal requiring the treatment of a variety of disorders including, but not limited to, osteoporosis and/or the prevention of reduced bone mass, density, or growth, osteoarthritis, acceleration of bone fracture repair and healing, acceleration of healing in joint replacement, periodontal disease, acceleration of tooth repair or growth, Paget's disease, osteochondrodysplasias, muscle wasting, the maintenance and enhancement of muscle strength and function, frailty or age- related functional decline ("ARFD"), dry eye, sarcopenia, chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic myaligia, acute fatigue syndrome, acceleration of wound healing, maintenance of sensory function, chronic liver disease, AIDS, weightlessness, burn and trauma recovery, thrombocytopenia, short bowel syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, obesity, eating disorders including anorexia associated with cachexia or aging, hypercortisolism and Cushing's syndrome, cardiovascular disease or cardiac dysfunction, congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, malignant tumor cells containing the androgen receptor including breast, brain, skin, ovary, bladder, lymphatic, liver, kidney, uterine, pancreas, endometrium, lung, colon, and prostate, prostatic hyperplasia, hirsutism, acne, seborrhea, androgenic alopecia, anemia, hyperpilosity, adenomas and neoplasis of the prostate, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, syndrome X, dyslipidemia, menopausal vasomotor conditions, urinary incontinence, artherosclerosis, libido enhancement, sexual dysfunction, depression, nervousness, irritability, stress, reduced mental energy and low self-esteem, improvement of cognitive function, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, counteracting preeclampsia, premenstral syndrome, contraception, uterine fibroid disease, aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation, male hormone replacement, or ADAM. Preferably the compounds of the present invention are used as male and female hormone replacement therapy or for the treatment or prevention of hypogonadism, osteoporosis, muscle wasting, wasting diseases, cancer cachexia, frailty, prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, breast cancer, menopausal and andropausal vasomotor conditions, urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, depression, uterine fibroid disease, and/or endometriosis, treatment of acne, hirsutism, stimulation of hematopoiesis, male contraception, impotence, and as anabolic agents, which use includes administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound of the present invention. The mammal requiring treatment with a compound of the present invention is typically a human being.
The compounds of the present invention may crystallize in more than one form, a characteristic known as polymorphism, and such polymorphic forms ("polymorphs") are within the scope of formula (I). Polymorphism generally may occur as a response to changes in temperature, pressure, or both. Polymorphism may also result from variations in the crystallization process. Polymorphs may be distinguished by various physical characteristics known in the art such as x-ray diffraction patterns, solubility, and melting point. Certain of the compounds described herein contain one or more chiral centers, or may otherwise be capable of existing as multiple stereoisomers. The scope of the present invention includes mixtures of stereoisomers as well as purified enantiomers or enantiomerically/diastereomerically enriched mixtures. Also included within the scope of the invention are the individual isomers of the compounds represented by formula (I), as well as any wholly or partially equilibrated mixtures thereof. The present invention also includes the individual isomers of the compounds represented by the formulas above as mixtures with isomers thereof in which one or more chiral centers are inverted.
Typically, but not absolutely, the salts of the present invention are pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Salts encompassed within the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refer to non-toxic salts of the compounds of this invention. Salts of the compounds of the present invention may comprise acid addition salts. Representative salts include acetate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, bitartrate, borate, bromide, calcium edetate, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, clavulanate, citrate, dihydrochlohde, edetate, edisylate, estolate, esylate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glutamate, glycollylarsanilate, hexylresorcinate, hydrabamine, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroxynaphthoate, iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurate, malate, maleate, mandelate, mesylate, methylbromide, methylnitrate, methylsulfate, monopotassium maleate, mucate, napsylate, nitrate, N-methylglucamine, oxalate, pamoate (embonate), palmitate, pantothenate, phosphate/diphosphate, polygalacturonate, potassium, salicylate, sodium, stearate, subacetate, succinate, sulfate, tannate, tartrate, teoclate, tosylate, triethiodide, trimethylammonium, and valerate salts. Other salts, which are not pharmaceutically acceptable, may be useful in the preparation of compounds of this invention and these should be considered to form a further aspect of the invention.
As used herein, the term "solvate" refers to a complex of variable stoichiometry formed by a solute (in this invention, a compound of Formula (I)) and a solvent. Such solvents, for the purpose of the invention, should not interfere with the biological activity of the solute. Non-limiting examples of suitable solvents include, but are not limited to water, methanol, ethanol, and acetic acid. Preferably the solvent used is a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent. Non-limiting examples of suitable pharmaceutically acceptable solvents include water, ethanol, and acetic acid. Most preferably the solvent used is water.
As used herein, the term "physiologically functional derivative" refers to any pharmaceutically acceptable derivative of a compound of the present invention that, upon administration to a mammal, is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a compound of the present invention or an active metabolite thereof. Such derivatives, for example, esters and amides, will be clear to those skilled in the art, without undue experimentation. Reference may be made to the teaching of Burger's Medicinal Chemistry And Drug Discovery, 5th Edition, VoI 1 : Principles and Practice, which is incorporated herein by reference to the extent that it teaches physiologically functional derivatives.
As used herein, the term "effective amount" means that amount of a drug or pharmaceutical agent that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal, or human that is being sought, for instance, by a researcher or clinician. The biological or medical response may be considered a prophylactic response or a treatment response. The term "therapeutically effective amount" means any amount which, as compared to a corresponding subject who has not received such amount, results in improved treatment, healing, prevention, or amelioration of a disease, disorder, or side effect, or a decrease in the rate of advancement of a disease or disorder. The term also includes within its scope amounts effective to enhance normal physiological function. For use in therapy, therapeutically effective amounts of a compound of formula (I) may be administered as the raw chemical. Additionally, the active ingredient may be presented as a pharmaceutical composition.
Accordingly, the invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions that include effective amounts of compounds of the present invention and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, or excipients. The compounds of the present invention are as herein described. The carrier(s), diluent(s) or excipient(s) must be acceptable, in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient of the pharmaceutical composition.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention there is also provided a process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical formulation including admixing a compound of the present invention with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients. A therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention will depend upon a number of factors. For example, the species, age, and weight of the recipient, the precise condition requiring treatment and its severity, the nature of the formulation, and the route of administration are all factors to be considered. The therapeutically effective amount ultimately should be at the discretion of the attendant physician or veterinarian. An effective amount of a compound of the present invention for the treatment of humans suffering from disorders such as frailty, generally, should be in the range of 0.01 to 100 mg/kg body weight of recipient (mammal) per day. More usually the effective amount should be in the range of 0.01 to 10 mg/kg body weight per day. Thus, for a 70 kg adult mammal the actual amount per day would usually be from 0.7 to 700 mg. This amount may be given in a single dose per day or in a number (such as two, three, four, five, or more) of sub-doses per day such that the total daily dose is the same. An effective amount of a salt, solvate, or physiologically functional derivative thereof, may be determined as a proportion of the effective amount of the compound of formula (I) per se. Similar dosages should be appropriate for treatment of the other conditions referred to herein.
Pharmaceutical formulations may be presented in unit dose forms containing a predetermined amount of active ingredient per unit dose. Such a unit may contain, as a non-limiting example, 0.1 mg to 1 g of a compound of the present invention, depending on the condition being treated, the route of administration, and the age, weight, and condition of the patient. Preferred unit dosage formulations are those containing a daily dose or sub-dose, as herein above recited, or an appropriate fraction thereof, of an active ingredient. Such pharmaceutical formulations may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the pharmacy art.
Pharmaceutical formulations may be adapted for administration by any appropriate route, for example by an oral (including buccal or sublingual), rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal, sublingual or transdermal), vaginal, or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or intradermal) route. Such formulations may be prepared by any method known in the art of pharmacy, for example by bringing into association the active ingredient with the carrier(s) or excipient(s).
Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules or tablets; powders or granules; solutions or suspensions, each with aqueous or non-aqueous liquids; edible foams or whips; or oil-in-water liquid emulsions or water-in-oil liquid emulsions. For instance, for oral administration in the form of a tablet or capsule, the active drug component may be combined with an oral, non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier such as ethanol, glycerol, water, and the like. Generally, powders are prepared by comminuting the compound to a suitable fine size and mixing with an appropriate pharmaceutical carrier such as an edible carbohydrate, as, for example, starch or mannitol. Flavorings, preservatives, dispersing agents, and coloring agents may also be present. Capsules can be made by preparing a powder, liquid, or suspension mixture and encapsulating with gelatin or some other appropriate shell material. Glidants and lubricants such as colloidal silica, talc, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, or solid polyethylene glycol may be added to the mixture before the encapsulation. A disintegrating or solubilizing agent such as agar-agar, calcium carbonate or sodium carbonate may also be added to improve the availability of the medicament when the capsule is ingested. Moreover, when desired or necessary, suitable binders, lubricants, disintegrating agents, and coloring agents may also be incorporated into the mixture. Examples of suitable binders include starch, gelatin, natural sugars such as glucose or beta-lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, tragacanth, or sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes, and the like. Lubricants useful in these dosage forms include, for example, sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, and the like. Disintegrators include, without limitation, starch, methyl cellulose, agar, bentonite, xanthan gum, and the like. Tablets can be formulated, for example, by preparing a powder mixture, granulating or slugging, adding a lubricant and disintegrant, and pressing into tablets. A powder mixture may be prepared by mixing the compound, suitably comminuted, with a diluent or base as described above. Optional ingredients include binders such as carboxymethylcellulose, aliginates, gelatins, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone, solution retardants such as paraffin, resorption accelerators such as a quaternary salt, and/or absorption agents such as bentonite, kaolin, or dicalcium phosphate. The powder mixture may be wet-granulated with a binder such as syrup, starch paste, acadia mucilage or solutions of cellulosic or polymeric materials, and forcing through a screen. As an alternative to granulating, the powder mixture may be run through the tablet machine and the result is imperfectly formed slugs broken into granules. The granules may be lubricated to prevent sticking to the tablet forming dies by means of the addition of stearic acid, a stearate salt, talc or mineral oil. The lubricated mixture is then compressed into tablets. The compounds of the present invention may also be combined with a free flowing inert carrier and compressed into tablets directly without going through the granulating or slugging steps. A clear or opaque protective coating consisting of a sealing coat of shellac, a coating of sugar or polymeric material, and a polish coating of wax may be provided. Dyestuffs may be added to these coatings to distinguish different unit dosages.
Oral fluids such as solutions, syrups, and elixirs may be prepared in dosage unit form so that a given quantity contains a predetermined amount of the compound. Syrups may be prepared, for example, by dissolving the compound in a suitably flavored aqueous solution, while elixirs are prepared through the use of a non-toxic alcoholic vehicle. Suspensions may be formulated generally by dispersing the compound in a non-toxic vehicle. Solubilizers and emulsifiers such as ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols and polyoxy ethylene sorbitol ethers, preservatives; flavor additives such as peppermint oil, or natural sweeteners, saccharin, or other artificial sweeteners; and the like may also be added. Where appropriate, dosage unit formulations for oral administration may be microencapsulated. The formulation may also be prepared to prolong or sustain the release as for example by coating or embedding particulate material in polymers, wax or the like. The compounds of the present invention may also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles, and multilamellar vesicles. Liposomes may be formed from a variety of phospholipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine, or phosphatidylcholines. The compounds of the present invention may also be delivered by the use of monoclonal antibodies as individual carriers to which the compound molecules are coupled.
The compounds of the present invention may also be coupled with soluble polymers as targetable drug carriers. Such polymers may include polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), pyran copolymer, polyhydroxypropylmethacrylamide- phenol, polyhydroxyethyl-aspartamidephenol, or polyethyleneoxidepolylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues. Furthermore, the compounds may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug; for example, polylactic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates, and cross-linked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for transdermal administration may be presented as discrete patches intended to remain in intimate contact with the epidermis of the recipient for a prolonged period of time. For example, the active ingredient may be delivered from the patch by iontophoresis as generally described in Pharmaceutical Research, 3(6), 318 (1986), incorporated herein by reference as related to such delivery systems. Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for topical administration may be formulated as ointments, creams, suspensions, lotions, powders, solutions, pastes, gels, sprays, aerosols, or oils.
For treatments of the eye or other external tissues, for example mouth and skin, the formulations may be applied as a topical ointment or cream. When formulated in an ointment, the active ingredient may be employed with either a paraffinic or a water-miscible ointment base. Alternatively, the active ingredient may be formulated in a cream with an oil-in-water cream base or a water-in-oil base. Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for topical administrations to the eye include eye drops wherein the active ingredient is dissolved or suspended in a suitable carrier, especially an aqueous solvent.
Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for topical administration in the mouth include lozenges, pastilles, and mouthwashes. Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for nasal administration, where the carrier is a solid, include a coarse powder having a particle size for example in the range 20 to 500 microns. The powder is administered in the manner in which snuff is taken, i.e., by rapid inhalation through the nasal passage from a container of the powder held close up to the nose. Suitable formulations wherein the carrier is a liquid, for administration as a nasal spray or as nasal drops, include aqueous or oil solutions of the active ingredient.
Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for administration by inhalation include fine particle dusts or mists, which may be generated by means of various types of metered dose pressurized aerosols, nebulizers, or insufflators. Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for rectal administration may be presented as suppositories or as enemas.
Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for vaginal administration may be presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams, or spray formulations. Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous sterile injection solutions which may contain antioxidants, buffers, bacteriostats, and solutes that render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents. The formulations may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example sealed ampules and vials, and may be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water for injections, immediately prior to use. Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders, granules, and tablets.
In addition to the ingredients particularly mentioned above, the formulations may include other agents conventional in the art having regard to the type of formulation in question. For example, formulations suitable for oral administration may include flavoring or coloring agents. The compounds of the present invention and their salts, solvates, and physiologically functional derivatives thereof, may be employed alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents for the treatment of the above- mentioned conditions. For example, in frailty therapy, combination may be had with other anabolic or osteoporosis therapeutic agents. As one example, osteoporosis combination therapies according to the present invention would thus comprise the administration of at least one compound of the present invention and the use of at least one other osteoporosis therapy. As a further example, combination therapies according to the present invention include the administration of at least one compound of the present invention and at least one other osteoporosis treatment agent, for example, an anti-bone resorption agent. The compound(s) of the present invention and the other pharmaceutically active agent(s) may be administered together or separately and, when administered separately, administration may occur simultaneously or sequentially, in any order. The amounts of the compound(s) of the present invention and the other pharmaceutically active agent(s) and the relative timings of administration will be selected in order to achieve the desired combined therapeutic effect. The administration in combination of a compound of the present invention with other treatment agents may be in combination by administration concomitantly in: (1 ) a unitary pharmaceutical composition including both compounds; or (2) separate pharmaceutical compositions each including one of the compounds.
Alternatively, the combination may be administered separately in a sequential manner wherein one treatment agent is administered first and the other second or vice versa. Such sequential administration may be close in time or remote in time. Another potential osteoporosis treatment agent is a bone building
(anabolic) agent. Bone building agents may lead to increases in parameters such as bone mineral density that are greater than those than may be achieved with anti-resorptive agents. In some cases, such anabolic agents may increase trabecular connectivity leading to greater structural integrity of the bone. Other potential therapeutic combinations include the compounds of the present invention combined with other compounds of the present invention, growth promoting agents, growth hormone secretagogues, growth hormone releasing factor and its analogs, growth hormone and its analogs, somatomedins, alpha-adrenergic agonists, serotonin 5-HTD agonists, agents that inhibit somatostatin or its release, 5-α-reductase inhibitors, aromatase inhibitors, GnRH agonists or antagonists, parathyroid hormone, bisphosphonates, estrogen, testosterone, SERMs, progesterone receptor agonists or antagonists, and/or with other modulators of nuclear hormone receptors.
The compounds of the present invention may be used in the treatment of a variety of disorders and conditions and, as such, the compounds of the present invention may be used in combination with a variety of other suitable therapeutic agents useful in the treatment of those disorders or conditions. Non-limiting examples include combinations of the present invention with anti-diabetic agents, anti-osteoporosis agents, anti-obesity agents, anti-inflammatory agents, anti- anxiety agents, anti-depressants, anti-hypertensive agents, anti-platelet agents, anti-thrombotic and thrombolytic agents, cardiac glycosides, cholesterol or lipid lowering agents, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, thyroid mimetics, anabolic agents, viral therapies, cognitive disorder therapies, sleeping disorder therapies, sexual dysfunction therapies, contraceptives, cytotoxic agents, radiation therapy, anti-proliferative agents, and anti-tumor agents. Additionally, the compounds of the present invention may be combined with nutritional supplements such as amino acids, triglycerides, vitamins, minerals, creatine, piloic acid, carnitine, or coenzyme Q10. In particular, the compounds of the present invention are believed useful, either alone or in combination with other agents, in the treatment of hypogonadism, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, muscle wasting, wasting diseases, cancer cachexia, frailty, prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, breast cancer, menopausal and andropausal vasomotor conditions, urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, depression, uterine fibroid disease, endometriosis, acne, hirsutism, male contraception, impotence, and in the use as male and female hormone replacement therapy, as a stimulant of hematopoiesis, and as anabolic agents.
The compounds of this invention may be made by a variety of methods, including well-known standard synthetic methods. Illustrative general synthetic methods are set out below and then specific compounds of the invention are prepared in the working Examples.
In all of the schemes described below, protecting groups for sensitive or reactive groups are employed where necessary in accordance with general principles of synthetic chemistry. Protecting groups are manipulated according to standard methods of organic synthesis (T. W. Green and P. G. M. Wuts (1991 ) Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, incorporated by reference with regard to protecting groups). These groups are removed at a convenient stage of the compound synthesis using methods that are readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The selection of processes as well as the reaction conditions and order of their execution shall be consistent with the preparation of compounds of formula (I).
Those skilled in the art will recognize if a stereocenter exists in compounds of formula (I). Accordingly, the present invention includes all possible stereoisomers and includes not only racemic compounds but the individual enantiomers as well. When a compound is desired as a single enantiomer, such may be obtained by stereospecific synthesis or by resolution of the final product or any convenient intermediate. Resolution of the final product, an intermediate, or a starting material may be effected by any suitable method known in the art. See, for example, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds by
E. L. ENeI, S. H. Wilen, and L. N. Mander (Wiley-lnterscience, 1994), incorporated by reference with regard to stereochemistry.
Representative AR modulator compounds, agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists according to the current invention include: Ethyl 1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-5-nitro-1/-/-indole-2-carboxylate;
2-Methyl-5-nitro-1 -({5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H- indole;
2-Methyl-5-nitro-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H- indole; 1 -({5-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
Ethyl 5-hydroxy-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 /-/-indole-2-carboxylate;
Ethyl 4-chloro-5-cyano-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 /-/-indole-2-carboxylate;
Ethyl 4,5-dicyano-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 /-/-indole-2-carboxylate; Ethyl 5-hydroxy-4-iodo-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 /-/-indole-2-carboxylate;
4-Chloro-5-cyano-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1/-/-indole-2-carboxamide;
4-Chloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-formyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 4-Chloro-2-[(1 Z)-1 -propen-1 -yl]-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 4-Chloro-2-[(1 £)-1 -propen-1 -yl]-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-propyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-ethenyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 4-Chloro-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 /-/-indole-2,5-dicarbonitrile;
2-(Fluoromethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(fluoromethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]methyl}-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-chloro-2- (difluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{[5-(5-cyano-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-
(difluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-(cyanomethyl)-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
Methyl [4-chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1 -yl]acetate; 2-[4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1 -yl]acetamide;
2-[4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1 -yl]propanamide;
2-[4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1 -yl]-Λ/,Λ/-dimethylpropanamide;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -{[5-(2-pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-chloro-2-
(difluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -{[5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]methyl}-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -{[5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl]methyl}-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl]methyl}-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -{[3-(2-pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methyl}-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile; 4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -{[5-(6-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl]methyl}-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]methyl}-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -(1 ,3-thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-chloro-2-
(difluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-1f/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 4-Chloro-1 -[(5-cyclopropyl-i ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)methyl]-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-{2-[(6-fluoro-3-pyridinyl)oxy]ethyl}-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-(2-{[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]oxy}ethyl)-1 /-/-indole- 5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-{2-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{2-[(4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile; 4-Chloro-1 -{2-[(5-chloro-3-pyridinyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{2-[(6-chloro-3-pyhdinyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-(difluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-{2-[(4-fluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile; Λ/-[4-({2-[4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 - yl]ethyl}oxy)phenyl]acetamide;
2-(Difluoromethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile;
2-(Difluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)- 1/-/-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-
(difluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile; 2-(Difluoromethyl)-1 -{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-1 H- indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
5-Chloro-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole; 1 -(Cyanomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide;
1-({5-[2-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4- (thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3-Nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[4-Fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1-({5-[3-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; i-HS-P-Chloro^-fluoro-S-^rifluoromethyOphenyll-i ^^-oxadiazol-a-y^methyl)^-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -({5-[2-Chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[4-(Methyloxy)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3-Methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-isoxazolyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3-Cyanophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole- 5-carbonitrile; 1 -{[5-(3-Bromo-4-methylphenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(4-Acetyl phenyl )-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole- 5-carbonitrile; i-^S-P-Chloro-S-CtrifluoromethyOphenyll-i ^^-oxadiazol-S-ylJmethyl)^- (trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3-Bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[2-Fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -{[5-(4-Cyanophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole- 5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3-Bromo-4-chlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(thfluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile; 4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-[(5-{4-[(trifluoromethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl)methyl]-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3-Chlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-
5-carbonitrile; 4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1 -[(5-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl)methyl]-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3-Hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3-Bromophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-
5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-
5-carbonitrile; 4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -(1 ,3-Thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(2-Thienyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile; 1 -({5-[4-(Methyloxy)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -(2, 2, 2-Trifluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[2-(Methylthio)-3-pyridinyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-(thfluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -[(5-Phenyl-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -({5-[2-(Methyloxy)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 ,1-Dimethylethyl [5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]acetate;
1 -{[3-(2-Pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1-({3-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}methyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -{[5-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(2-Pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-2-furanyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(4-Methyl-1 ,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -{[5-(2,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indole-5-carbonitrile;
3-Bromo-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
3-Chloro-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-
2, 3-dihydro-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole; 1 -(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole;
2-Methyl-4-(tπfluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole;
5-Bromo-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole; 5-Bromo-1 -(cyclopropylmethyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole;
5-Bromo-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1 -yl]acetamide;
1-(2,2-Dimethylpropyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1 -(1 ,3-thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -[(3-Cyanophenyl)methyl]-2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonithle;
1-({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-methyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -{[5-(thfluoromethyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1-({3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5- yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; i-^S-^^-BisCtrifluoromethyOphenyO-i ^^-oxadiazol-S-ylJmethyO^-methyl^- (trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyhdinyl]-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-
2-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1 -yl]-Λ/-ethylacetamide; 2-Methyl-1 -{[5-(3-pyιϊdinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
Λ/-[4-({2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 - yl]ethyl}oxy)phenyl]acetamide; 1 -{2-[(6-Fluoro-3-pyridinyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -(2-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy}ethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile;
3-Fluoro-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-3-fluoro-2-methyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -(1 -{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}ethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{1 -[3-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{1 -[3-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-1 -methylethyl}-2-methyl-4- (thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-2-ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]acetamide;
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-ethyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Ethyl-1 -(1 -ethylpropyl)-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
^(CyclopropylmethyO^-ethyl^-^rifluoromethyO-I H-indole-S-carbonitrile;
2-Ethyl-1 -(2-propen-1 -yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonithle;
1-({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-ethyl-4- (thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1-{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2-propyl-4-(tπfluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole-3- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]acetamide;
2-Butyl-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Butyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-butyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Butyl-1-{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-butyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[2-Butyl-5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]acetamide;
2-Cyclopropyl-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-cyclopropyl- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-
3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-cyclopropyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-Cyclopropyl-1-{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]acetamide;
1-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2-(2-methylpropyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-(2- methylpropyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-(2-Methylpropyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-(2-methylpropyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-methylpropyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-2-(2-methylpropyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]acetamide; 5-Bromo-1 -(cyclopropylmethyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 H- indole;
5-Bromo-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 /-/-indole;
1-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]acetamide;
2-Methyl-1 -(1 ,3-thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1-[(3-Cyanophenyl)methyl]-2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile; i-^S-^^-BisCtrifluoromethyOphenyO-i ^^-oxadiazol-S-ylJmethyO^-methyl^-
(thfluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1-{[5-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-2,3-dihydro-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5- yl}methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({3-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}methyl)-2-methyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
A/-[4-({2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1f/-indol-1- yl]ethyl}oxy)phenyl]acetamide;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-(2-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy}ethyl)-2,3- dihydro-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1 -yl]acetamide;
2,4-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 /-/-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile;
5-Bromo-4-chloro-2-ethyl-1-({5-[3-(thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 /-/-benzimidazole;
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H- benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile; 4-Chloro-1 -{[5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-ethyl-
1 /-/-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile; i-^S-^^-BisCtrifluoromethyOphenyO-i ^^-oxadiazol-S-ylJmethyO^-chloro^- ethyl-1 /-/-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1 -{[5-(2-pyhdinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-1 H- benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile; 4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1-({5-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl}methyl)-1/-/-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-1/-/-benzimidazole-5- carbonitrile; 4-Chloro-1 -(1 ,3-thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-benzimidazole-5- carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1 -{[5-(2-pyιϊdinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-benzimidazole-5- carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-5-(methyloxy)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-
3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-benzimidazole;
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H- benzimidazol-5-ol; 1 -(CyclopropylmethyO-δ-nitro-i /-/-indazole;
5-Nitro-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indazole;
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-
1 /-/-indazole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -({5-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indazole-4,5- dicarbonitrile; and salts and solvates thereof.
Additional AR modulator compounds, agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists according to the current invention include: 4-Chloro-2-propyl-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1 -{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-chloro-2-propyl-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile; 4-Chloro-2-methyl-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1 -{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-chloro-2-methyl-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-chloro-2- propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
N-(4-{[2-(4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-propyl-1 H-indol-1-yl)ethyl]oxy}phenyl)acetamide; 4-Chloro-1 -{[5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{2-[(4-fluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{2-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-chloro-2- methyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{[5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{2-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-methyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{2-[(4-fluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-methyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; N-(4-{[2-(4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-methyl-1 H-indol-1 -yl)ethyl]oxy}phenyl)acetamide;
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-chloro-2-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{[5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-1 H- indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-1 H-indole-4,5- dicarbonitrile;
2-Propyl-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole- 4,5-dicarbonitrile; 1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-1 H-indole-4,5- dicarbonitrile;
^Chloro-i-^S-^-CtrifluoromethyOphenyll-i ^^-oxadiazol-S-ylJmethyl)^^^^- trifluoropropyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 4-Chloro-1 -{[5-(2,6-dichloro-4-pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-({5-[3-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-isoxazolyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1 -{[5-(1 , 3-d im ethyl -1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2- propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1 -({5-[5-chloro-1 -methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1 -({5-[1 -methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 4-Chloro-1 -({5-[1 -methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; i-^S-^-Chloro-S-CtrifluoromethyOphenyll-i ^^-oxadiazol-S-ylJmethyl)^-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Trifluoromethyl)-1 -{[5-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1 -{[5-(2,4,6-thfluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(4-Chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -[(5-{3-Chloro-4-[(trifluoromethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
^{[S-CS-Chloro^-fluorophenyO-i ^^-oxadiazol-S-yllmethylJ^-^rifluoromethyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -{[5-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3-Chloro-2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -{[5-(2,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(5-Chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
H[5-(3-Chloro-4,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3-Chloro-2,6-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -({5-[3-Chloro-2,5-difluoro-4-(1 H-imidazol-1 -yl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1-({5-[2-(1 H-lmidazol-1-yl)-5-(thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-
4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{1 -[3-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]ethyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole- 5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-isoxazolyl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole- 5-carbonitrile;
1-[(3-Phenyl-5-isoxazolyl)methyl]-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1-[(3-Phenyl-5-isoxazolyl)methyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-isoxazolyl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1-[(3-phenyl-5-isoxazolyl)methyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyhdinyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-
3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-
3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyπdinyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-
3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyridinyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-
3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -[(5-Cyclopropyl-i ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)methyl]-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1-({5-[4-(1 ,1-Dimethylethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[2-(Methylthio)-3-pyridinyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-Propyl-1 -(1 ,3-thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
5-{[5-Cyano-2-propyl-4-(tπfluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1-yl]methyl}-2- furancarboxamide; i-^S-Cyano^-furanyOmethyll^-propyl^-^rifluoromethyO-I H-indole-S- carbonitrile; 1 -(Cyanomethyl)-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Propyl-1 -{[5-(2-thienyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(2,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -{[5-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3-Cyanophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; i-HS-P-Chloro^-fluoro-S-^rifluoromethyOphenyll-i ^^-oxadiazol-a-y^methyl)^- propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]methyl}-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -({5-[2-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; i-^S-P-Chloro-S-CtrifluoromethyOphenyll-i ^^-oxadiazol-S-ylJmethyO^-propyl^- (trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(2,5-Dichloro-3-thienyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(2,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -{[5-(2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-2-chlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(2-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4- (thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(2,5-Dichloro-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(4-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -{[5-(2-Chloro-5-iodophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(5-Chloro-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
Methyl 4-chloro-3-(3-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]methyl}- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoate; 1-{[5-(2-Chloro-5-nitrophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-3-(3-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]methyl}-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl)benzamide; 4-Chloro-3-(3-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]methyl}-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl)-N-methylbenzamide;
4-Chloro-3-(3-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]methyl}-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl)-N,N-dimethylbenzamide;
1-({5-[2-(Methylthio)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-4- (thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(Dimethylamino)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonithle;
1-({5-[2-Chloro-5-(methylthio)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -({5-[2-Chloro-5-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-4-(thfluoromethyl)-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]acetamide;
1-{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(thfluoromethyl)-2-
(3, 3, 3-trifluoropropyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-
2-(3, 3, 3-thfluoropropyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-
(3, 3, 3-trifluoropropyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1-({2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazol-4- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1-({5-[2-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-methyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2- furanyl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazol-4- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[2-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({2-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl}methyl)-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(tπfluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
^{[S-CS^-DifluorophenyO^-thienyllmethylJ^-methyl^-^rifluoromethyO-I H- indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)-2-methyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1-({4-methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazol-5-yl}methyl)-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1-{[3'-(thfluoromethyl)-3-biphenylyl]methyl}-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1-{[4'-(thfluoromethyl)-3-biphenylyl]methyl}-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[3\5'-bis(Trifluoromethyl)-3-biphenylyl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -({2-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazol-5-yl}methyl)-2-methyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazol-5- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-isoxazolyl}methyl)-2-methyl-4- (thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-isoxazolyl}methyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-[(3-Bromo-5-isoxazolyl)methyl]-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile; 1 -[(5-Chloro-1 ,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)methyl]-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole- 5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-methyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-thiadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -[(1 R)-2-Hydroxy-1 -methylethyl]-2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
N-[4-({(2R)-2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1- yl]propyl}oxy)phenyl]acetamide; 1 -{(1 R)-2-[(6-Fluoro-3-pyridinyl)oxy]-1 -methylethyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1 -[(1 R)-1 -methyl-2-(3-pyridinyloxy)ethyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1-{2-[(4-Fluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1 -[(1 R)-1 -methyl-2-(2-pyridinyloxy)ethyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1-(2-Hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{2-[(6-Fluoro-3-pyridinyl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1-[2-(3-pyridinyloxy)propyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
N-[4-({2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]-1 - methylethyl}oxy)phenyl]acetamide;
2-Methyl-1-[2-(2-pyridinyloxy)propyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1-{2-[(4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1-{2-[(6-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-(tπfluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile; 2-Methyl-1 -[2-(methyloxy)ethyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1-(2-{[2-(methyloxy)ethyl]oxy}ethyl)-4-(tπfluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1 -[(1 R)-1 -methyl-2-(methyloxy)ethyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile; 1 -(2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1-[2-(methyloxy)propyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1-[2-methyl-2-(methyloxy)propyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile; 1 -(3-Hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1-[3-(methyloxy)propyl]-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
Methyl 2-{[5-cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]methyl}-2- propenoate;
1-(3-Hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1-[2-methyl-3-(methyloxy)propyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
2-methyl-4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-oxazol-4- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -({2-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-oxazol-4-yl}methyl)-2-methyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
Methyl 3-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indol-2-yl]propanoate; i-^S-^^-bis^rifluoromethyOphenyll^-furanylJmethyO^-cyclopropyl^- (thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-Cyclopropyl-1-{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-1-({5-[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-furanyl}methyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -{[2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}-2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}-2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazol-4- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-
2-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1-yl]-N-ethylacetamide;
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[4-(thfluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[6-(thfluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-1-({5-[2-fluoro-5-(thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[2-(thfluoromethyl)-4-pyridinyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol-
5-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-oxazol-4- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-oxazol-5- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-oxazol-5- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2,4- bis(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-2-(2,2,2-tπfluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1-yl]acetamide;
1-{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-(1 , 1 -Difluoroethyl)-1 -{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-(1 , 1 -Difluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-(1 , 1 -difluoroethyl)-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1-({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-(1 ,1- difluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-2-(1 ,1-difluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1-yl]acetamide; or a salt or solvate thereof.
It is to be understood that the present invention covers all combinations of the compounds described hereinabove. ABBREVIATIONS As used herein the symbols and conventions used in these processes, schemes and examples are consistent with those used in the contemporary scientific literature, for example, the Journal of the American Chemical Society or the Journal of Biological Chemistry. Specifically, the following abbreviations may be used in the examples and throughout the specification: g (grams); mg (milligrams);
L (liters); ml_ (milliliters); μl_ (microliters); psi (pounds per square inch);
M (molar); mM (millimolar);
Hz (Hertz); MHz (megahertz); mol (moles); mmol (millimoles); rt (room temperature); min (minute); h (hour); mp (melting point);
TLC (thin layer chromatography); CH2CI2 (methylene chloride);
TEA (triethylamine); TFA (trifluoroacetic acid);
TFAA (trifluoroacetic anhydride); THF (tetrahydrofuran);
CDCI3 (deuterated chloroform); CD3OD (deuterated methanol); SiO2 (silica); DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide);
EtOAc (ethyl acetate); atm (atmosphere);
HCI (hydrochloric acid); CHCI3 (chloroform);
DMF (Λ/,Λ/-dimethylformamide); Ac (acetyl);
Cs2CO3 (cesium carbonate); Me (methyl); Et (ethyl); EtOH (ethanol);
MeOH (methanol); t-Bu (tert-butyl);
Et2O (diethyl ether); N2 (nitrogen);
MsCI (methanesulphonyl chloride); sat'd (saturated); K2CO3 (potassium carbonate); DMAP (4-(dimethylamino)pyridine); DCE (1 ,2-dichloroethane); Ps (polymer supported);
EDCI (1 -(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride);
P-BEMP (polymer-supported 2-tert-butylimino-2-diethylamino-1 ,3- dimethylperhydro-1 ,3,2-diaza-phosphorine); TsCI (tosyl chloride);
Et3SiH (triethylsilane); TBAF (tetrabutylammonium fluoride);
CSA (camphor sulfonic acid); n-BuLi (n-butyllithium);
TBDPSCI (tert-butyldiphenyl silylchloride);
HOAc (acetic acid); AcCI (acetyl chloride); DIBAL-H (diisobutyl aluminium hydride);
NIS (N-iodosuccinimide); NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone);
HATU (O-(7-Azabenzotriazole-1-yl)-N, N,N'N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate);
DIEA (diisopropylethyl amine); CDI (carbonyl diimidazole); MeCN (acetonithle); PTSA (paratoluene sulfonic acid);
NBS (N-bromosuccinimide); MTBE (methyl te/t-butyl ether);
DBAD (di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate).
Unless otherwise indicated, all temperatures are expressed in 0C (degrees
Centigrade). All reactions conducted under an inert atmosphere at room temperature unless otherwise noted. Reagents employed without synthetic details are commercially available or made according to literature procedures.
1H NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian VXR-300, a Varian Unity-300, a Varian Unity-400 instrument, or a General Electric QE-300. Chemical shifts are expressed in parts per million (ppm, δ units). Coupling constants are in units of hertz (Hz). Splitting patterns describe apparent multiplicities and are designated as s (singlet), d (doublet), t (triplet), q (quartet), m (multiplet), or b (broad). Scheme 1
1 ) CF3CH2OTf, Cs2CO. SO2CI2
2) H2, 5% Pd/C tBuNH2
Figure imgf000059_0001
Figure imgf000059_0002
Figure imgf000059_0003
Figure imgf000059_0004
Tetrasubstituted indoles of formula (I) that bear a chloro or cyano at the indole 4-position can be constructed by directed chlohnation of 5-hydroxy indoles with sulforyl chloride (Scheme 1 ). Palladium-mediated cyanation through the corresponding triflate then affords the desired 5-cyano-4-chloro indoles as well as the bis cyano indoles as side products. Further functionalization of the indole 2-position is afforded from the starting 2-position ester functionality.
Scheme 2
Bu4NBr
I) SO2CI2 (I 2 eq) BnQ 2) Deoxofluor
Figure imgf000060_0001
Figure imgf000060_0003
Figure imgf000060_0002
Figure imgf000060_0004
(Bis-CN <10% yield)
Figure imgf000060_0005
The same regioselective chlorination can be applied to protected 5- benzyloxy-2-formyl indoles (Scheme 2). Early commitment to 2-difluoromethyl substitution via Deoxofluor™ allows more flexibility to subsequently functionalize the indole 1 -position.
Scheme 3
Figure imgf000061_0001
Figure imgf000061_0002
Figure imgf000061_0003
Highly substituted indoles used for the synthesis of compounds of formula (I) can be constructed starting with appropriately substituted nitroarenes (Scheme 3). For example, treatment of commercially available 2-methyl-1-nitro- 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene under classical indole synthesis conditions affords the corresponding 2, 4 disubstituted indole that can be further elaborated by directed deprotonation/alkylations and aromatic substitutions.
Scheme 4
Figure imgf000062_0001
Figure imgf000062_0002
A more concise route to 1 ,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted indole precursors of formula (I) is depicted in Scheme 4. See, for example, International Patent Application No. WO03062241 published July 31 , 2003. Acylation of 4-chloro-3- trifluoromethyl aniline with pivaloyl chloride allows for directed ortho deprotonation. The intermediate aryllithium species is quenched with iodine to afford the desired 2-iodoarene in a 3.7 to 1 ratio of ortho regioisomers. Sonagoshira coupling of the iodoarene affords aryl alkynes. Next, a three step reaction cascade is employed to provide the desired indoles. The cascade provides indolization, depivoylation, and cyanation in one-pot through heating in a microwave at 25O0C or prolonged conventional heating at 2000C.
Scheme 5
Figure imgf000063_0001
80°C NC
Figure imgf000063_0002
reflux
Figure imgf000063_0003
Yet a third means of synthesizing the desired precursors of compounds of formula (I) involves the condensation of 1 ,4 benzoquinones with enamines (Scheme 5), the Nenitzescu indole synthesis (Nenitzescu, C. D. Bull. Soc. Chim. Romania, 11 , 37,1929). The highly functionalized 5-hydroxy indoles afforded by this route are further elaborated through conversion to the corresponding thflate and subsequent palladium mediated cyanation.
Scheme 6
Figure imgf000064_0001
PPh,
Figure imgf000064_0002
Figure imgf000064_0003
Another method for synthesizing indole precursors of formula (I) is depicted in Scheme 6. Ortho-directed deprotonation/alkylation akin to Scheme 4 affords tetrasubstituted arenes that can be selectively halogenated at the 2- position alkyl group. Conversion to the phosphonium salt and ring closure provides the desired indoles.
Scheme 7
Figure imgf000064_0004
The highly substituted indole precurors of compounds of formula (I) may be further elaborated by alkylation of the indole 1 -position with alkyl halides in the presence of a base. A typical non-limiting example of an alkylating agent would be (bromomethyl) cyclopropane, while a typical non-limiting example of a base would be cesium carbonate. Scheme 8
i) RCOCI, DIEA
Figure imgf000065_0001
Figure imgf000065_0002
Heterocycle-bearing indoles that cannot be made from simple alkylation with, for example, commercially available 3-halomethyl-5-substituted 1 ,2,4- oxadiazoles (as in Scheme 7) may be synthesized by coupling of an amide oxime with an acid chloride followed by thermally-induced ring closure (Scheme 8). The requisite amide oximes of the parent indoles can be constructed by alkylation with bromoacetonitrile followed by treatment with hydroxylamine.
Scheme 9
Figure imgf000065_0003
Alternative oxadiazole substitution patterns to those depicted in Scheme 8 are afforded by reversing the carboxylic and amide oxime coupling partners (Scheme 9). De-t-butylation of the glycine ester from the parent indoles affords the corresponding carboxylic acids. The acids are then coupled to an amide oxime in the presence of a coupling agent, such as EDCI. Heating affords the cyclized products. Scheme 10
RCONHNH2
Figure imgf000066_0001
Figure imgf000066_0002
The same carboxylic acid reaction partner depicted in Scheme 9 may be used to afford 1 ,3,4-oxadiazole bearing compounds (Scheme 10). Reaction of a carboxylic acid with a carbohydrazide in the presence of a coupling agent, such as EDCI, is followed by treatment with tosyl chloride and P-BEMP as a base. The resulting mixture is then heated via microwave to give the desired heterocycles.
EXAMPLES
For the purposes of the following examples, when it is recited that a compound was "synthesized as described" in another example, it indicates that the compound was synthesized essentially as described in the other example with such modifications as are within the purview of the art.
Example 1
Figure imgf000066_0003
Ethyl 1 -(cyclopropylmethyl)-5-nitro-1 H-indole-2-carboxylate
To a suspension of commercially available ethyl 5-nitro-1/-/-indole-2-carboxylate (0.5 g, 2.13 mmol) in MeCN (7 ml_) was added Cs2CO3 (1.39 g, 4.27 mmol) and (bromomethyl)cyclopropane (0.58 g, 4.27 mmol). The mixture was heated at 9O0C, under N2, for 5 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo and partitioned between EtOAc and H2O. The organic phase was washed with sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-30% EtOAc-hexanes gradient). The product slowly crystallized from CH2CI2-hexanes to afford the title compound as a light yellow solid (0.42 g, 68% yield): MS (ES) m/z 289 (M+1 ).
Example 2
Figure imgf000067_0001
2-Methyl-5-nitro-1-({5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1H-indole
Synthesized as described in Example 1 using 1.3 eq each Of Cs2CO3 and 3- (chloromethyl)-5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole, with heating at 7O0C for 15 h: MS (ES) m/z 403 (M+1 ).
Example 3
Figure imgf000067_0002
2-Methyl-5-nitro-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole
Synthesized as described in Example 1 using 1.3 eq each Of Cs2CO3 and 3- (chloromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole, with heating at 7O0C for 15 h: MS (ES) m/z 403 (M+1 ).
Example 4
Figure imgf000068_0001
1 -({5-[3-(Trif luoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile
To a solution of 1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.05 g, 0.35 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (2 ml_) was added Cs2CO3 (0.18 g, 0.55 mmol) and 3-
(chloromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.14 g, 0.55 mmol). The mixture was heated at 9O0C, under N2, for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between Et2O and H2O. The aqueous phase was extracted with Et2O (x2). The combined organic phases were washed with sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (2-20% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) and the product crystallized from CH2CI2-hexanes to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.1 g, 78% yield): MS (ES) m/z 369 (M+1 ).
Example 5
Figure imgf000068_0002
Ethyl 5-hydroxy-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 H-indole-2-carboxylate
A. Ethyl 5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 H-indole-2- carboxylate To a solution of ethyl 5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1/-/-indole-2-carboxylate (0.3 g, 1 mmol) in 3:2 MeCN/DMF (5 ml_) was added Cs2CO3 (0.36 g, 1.1 mmol) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (0.26 g, 1.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt, under N2, for 4 h. Additional Cs2CO3 (0.033 g, 0.1 mmol) and 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (0.023 g, 0.1 mmol) were added and stirring was continued at rt for 15 h. The mixture was partitioned between Et2O and 0.05N HCI. The organic phase was washed with 0.05N HCI and sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-20% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (0.23 g, 61% yield): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.46 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.34-7.29 (m, 3H), 7.16-7.13 (m, 2H), 5.28 (q, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 4.37 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.39 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H).
Figure imgf000069_0001
B. Ethyl 5-hydroxy-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 H-indole-2-carboxylate
To a solution of ethyl 5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1/-/-indole-2- carboxylate (0.23 g, 0.6 mmol) in EtOAC (5 ml_), under N2, was added 5% Pd/C (0.12 g). The mixture was hydrogenated under balloon pressure for 3 h. The catalyst was filtered off and washed with EtOAc. The filtrate was concentrated to afford the title compound (0.15 g, 89% yield): MS (ES) m/z 288 (M+1 ).
Example 6 and 7
Figure imgf000069_0002
Ethyl 4-chloro-5-cyano-1 -(2,2,2-trif luoroethyl)-1 H-indole-2-carboxylate
(Example 6) and ethyl 4,5-dicyano-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-2- carboxylate (Example 7)
Figure imgf000070_0001
A. Ethyl 4-chloro-5-hydroxy-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 H-indole-2- carboxylate
To a solution of ethyl 5-hydroxy-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 /-/-indole-2-carboxylate (0.7 g, 2.44 mmol) in toluene (30 ml_) was added tert-butyl amine (0.014 g, 0.2 mmol) and the mixture was set in an oil bath preheated at 7O0C. After 1 min, a solution of sulfuryl chloride (0.37 g, 2.49 mmol) in toluene (1 ml_) was added. The reaction was followed by TLC (60% CH2CI2-hexanes) and additional reagents were added accordingly. After 30 min, more tert-butylamine (0.014 g, 0.2 mmol) and sulfuryl chloride (0.06 g, 0.37 mmol) were added. After another 30 min additional tert-butylamine (0.014 g, 0.2 mmol) and sulfuryl chloride (0.019 g, 0.12 mmol) were added and heating was continued for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and 0.2N HCI. The organic phase was washed with 0.2N HCI and sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (10-80% CH2CI2- hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (0.72 g, 92% yield, 95% purity): MS (ES) m/z 322 (M+ 1 ).
Figure imgf000070_0002
B. Ethyl 4-chloro-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-5-
{[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]oxy}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate
To an ice-cold mixture of ethyl 4-chloro-5-hydroxy-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1/-/- indole-2-carboxylate (1.43 g, 4.43 mmol) and pyridine (0.53 g, 6.65 mmol) in CH2CI2 (45 ml_) was added triflic anhydride (1.38 g, 4.88 mmol) dropwise. The mixture was then stirred at rt. After 1 h, additional pyridine (0.1 g, 1.3 mmol) and triflic anhydride (0.5 g. 1.78 mmol) were added and stirring was continued at rt for 15 h. Additional pyridine (0.089 g, 1.1 mmol) and triflic anhydride (0.31 g, 1.1 mmol) were added and stirring was continued for another 1 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between EtOAc and 0.2N HCI. The organic phase was washed with 0.2N HCI and sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (1.44 g, 72% yield): MS (ES) m/z 454 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000071_0001
C. Ethyl 4-chloro-5-cyano-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-2- carboxylate and ethyl 4,5-dicyano-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-2- carboxylate
To a solution of ethyl 4-chloro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-5- {[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]oxy}-1 /-/-indole-2-carboxylate (1.34 g, 2.96 mmol) in DMF (20 ml_), under N2, was added Zn(CN)2 (0.19 g, 1.63 mmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (0.14 g, 0.12 mmol). The mixture was heated at 12O0C under N2 for 3 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between Et2O and water. The organic phase was washed with water. The combined aqueous phases were reextracted twice with Et2O. The organic phases were combined and washed with sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-30% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford ethyl 4-chloro-5- cyano-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (0.60 g, 61 % yield) (MS (ES) m/z 331 (M+1 )) and ethyl 4,5-dicyano-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-2- carboxylate (0.091 g, 10% yield) (MS (ES) m/z 322 (M+1 )).
Example 8
Figure imgf000072_0001
Ethyl 5-hydroxy-4-iodo-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 H-indole-2-carboxylate
Synthesized as described in Example 6A using NIS instead of sulfuryl chloride: MS (ES) m/z 414 (M+1 ).
Example 9
Figure imgf000072_0002
4-Chloro-5-cyano-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000072_0003
A. 4-Chloro-5-cyano-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid
To a solution of ethyl 4-chloro-5-cyano-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1/-/-indole-2- carboxylate (0.02 g, 0.06 mmol) in 1 :1 THF/MeOH (4 ml_) was added 1 N NaOH (1 mL) and the mixture was heated at 7O0C for 1.25 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partially concentrated under vacuo. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc and 0.2N HCI. The organic phase was washed with sat'd brine. The combined aqueous phases were reextracted twice with EtOAc. The organic phases were combined and washed with sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound (0.017 g, 94% yield): MS (ES) m/z 301 (M-1 ).
Figure imgf000072_0004
B. 4-Chloro-5-cyano-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 H-indole-2-carboxamide
To a suspension of 4-chloro-5-cyano-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1/-/-indole-2- carboxylic acid (0.026 g, 0.086 mmol) in toluene (3 ml_) was added thionyl chloride (0.01 g, 0.09 mmol) and a catalytic amount of DMF. The mixture was heated at 6O0C. The reaction was followed by TLC at 30 min intervals, and additional thionyl chloride was added accordingly (an additional 0.082 g, 0.68 mmol was added). Upon cooling, a solution of NH3 in MeOH (2M, 5 ml_) was added and the mixture was stirred rapidly for 5 min. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was washed with sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (10- 80% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) and the product was crystallized from CH2CI2- MeOH-hexanes to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.017 g, 65% yield): MS (ES) m/z 302 (M+1 ).
Example 10 and 11
Figure imgf000073_0001
4-Chloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 10) and 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile (Example 11)
To an ice-cold solution of ethyl 4-chloro-5-cyano-1-(2,2,2-thfluoroethyl)-1/-/- indole-2-carboxylate (0.45 g, 1.36 mmol) in THF (12 ml_), under N2, was added LiBH4 (2 M THF solution, 2.04 ml_, 4.08 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 8 h. Additional LiBH4 (2M THF solution, 3 mL, 6 mmol) was added and stirred at rt for 60 h. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and quenched by sequential dropwise addition of water and 1 N HCI (exothermic). The mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was washed with sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (10-80% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford a mixture of the title compounds. A second flash chromatography (0-2% MeOH-CH2CI2 gradient) afforded 4-chloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile (Example 10) as a white solid (0.25 g, 63% yield) (MS (ES) m/z 289 (M+1 )) and 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 11 ) (0.021 g, 6% yield) (MS (ES) m/z 255 (M+1 )).
Example 12
Figure imgf000074_0001
4-Chloro-2-formyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 4-chloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile (0.07 g, 0.24 mmol) in MeCN (3 ml_) was added activated MnO2 (0.21 g, 2.42 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. Additional MnO2 (0.11 g, 1.21 mmol) was added and stirred for 1 h. The solids were filtered off and washed with EtOAc, CH2CI2 and MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by radial chromatography (2-30% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (0.046 g, 67% yield): MS (ES) m/z 285 (M-1 ).
Example 13 and 14
Figure imgf000074_0002
4-Chloro-2-[(1Z)-1-propen-1-yl]-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile (Example 13) and 4-Chloro-2-[(1£)-1-propen-1-yl]-1 -(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 14) To a suspension of (ethyl)thphenylphosphonium bromide (0.069 g, 0.19 mmol) in THF (1 ml_), under N2, was added NaHMDS (1 M THF solution, 0.19 ml_, 0.19 mmol). After stirring at rt for 10 min, a solution of 4-chloro-2-formyl-1 -(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.041 g, 0.14 mmol) in THF (2 ml_) was added. The reaction was followed by TLC and additional ylide reagent was added accordingly (the ylide reagent was prepared in a separate flask as initially indicated and then transferred via syringe to the reaction mixture). An additional total of 0.14 mmol of ylide was added in this fashion. After a total of 2 h, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was washed with sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by radial chromatography (10-70% CH2CI2-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compounds as a -2:1 mixture of the cis and trans isomers (0.032 g, 74% yield): MS (ES) m/z 299 (M+1 ).
Example 15
Figure imgf000075_0001
4-Chloro-2-propyl-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 4-chloro-2-[(1Z)-1-propen-1-yl]-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole- 5-carbonitrile (Example 13) and 4-chloro-2-[(1 £)-1-propen-1-yl]-1 -(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 14) (-2:1 mixture, 0.014 g, 0.046 mmol) in EtOAc (2 ml_) under N2, was added PtO2 (4 mg) and the mixture was hydrogenated under balloon pressure for 15 min. The catalyst was filtered off and washed with EtOAc and MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by radial chromatography (2-30% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (0.013 g, 92% yield): MS (ES) m/z 301 (M+1 ).
Example 16
Figure imgf000076_0001
4-Chloro-2-ethenyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 13-14 using (methyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide: MS (ES) m/z 285 (M+1 ).
Example 17
Figure imgf000076_0002
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 15 from 4-chloro-2-ethenyl-1 -(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile: MS (ES) m/z 287 (M+1 ).
Example 18
Figure imgf000076_0003
4-Chloro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-2,5-dicarbonitrile To a suspension of 4-chloro-5-cyano-1 -(2,2,2-thfluoroethyl)-1 /-/-indole-2- carboxamide (0.05 g, 0.17 mmol) in CH2CI2 (6 ml_) was added pyridine (0.104 g, 1.32 mmol), followed by dropwise addition of TFAA (0.14 g, 0.66 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 4 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc and 0.5N HCI. The organic phase was washed with 0.5N HCI and sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-50% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) and the product was crystallized from CH2CI2-hexanes to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.033 g, 72% yield): MS (ES) m/z 284 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000077_0001
2-(Fluoromethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(2,2,2-thfluoroethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 11 ) (0.015 g, 0.059 mmol) in CH2CI2 (3 ml_) was added Deoxofluor (0.02 g, 0.089 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was washed with sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by radial chromatography (5-40% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) and the product was crystallized from CH2CI2-hexanes to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.005 g, 33% yield): MS (ES) m/z 257 (M+1 ).
Example 20
Figure imgf000077_0002
4-Chloro-2-(fluoromethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 19 from 4-chloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 10): MS (ES) m/z 291 (M+1 ).
Example 21
Figure imgf000078_0001
A-Chloro^-tdifluoromethyO-i^^^-trifluoroθthyO-IH-indolθ-δ-carbonitrilθ
To a solution of 4-chloro-2-formyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.03 g, 0.11 mmol) in CH2CI2 (2 ml_) under N2, at -780C, was added Deoxofluor (0.072 g, 0.32 mmol). After 30 min, the cold bath was removed and the mixture was stirred at rt. After 5 h, additional Deoxofluor (0.07 g, 0.32 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at rt for 15 h. The mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and sat'd NaHCO3. The organic phase was washed with sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. 1HNMR of the residue showed 85% product and 15% starting aldehyde. The residue was redissolved in CH2CI2 (3 ml_) and treated with Deoxofluor (0.07 g, 0.32 mmol). After 15h, the mixture was worked up as previously described. The residue was purified by radial chromatography (50-70% CH2CI2-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (0.027 g, 84% yield): MS (ES) m/z 309 (M+1 ).
Example 22
Figure imgf000078_0002
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000078_0003
A. 5-[(Phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-i H-indole
To a suspension of 5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 /-/-indole (10 g, 44.78 mmol) in toluene (100 ml_) was added benzenesulfonyl chloride (9.1 g, 51.5 mmol), tetrabutylammonium bromide (1.44 g, 4.48 mmol) and a solution of NaOH (23 g, 582 mmol) in 100 ml_ of water. The mixture was rapidly stirred at rt. After 30 min, additional benzenesulfonyl chloride (0.97 g, 5.5 mmol) was added and stirred for another 30 min. The mixture was partitioned between Et2O and water. The aqueous phase was extracted with Et2O. The combined organic phases were washed with water and sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-30% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (14.2 g, 87% yield): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.89 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.85 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.53-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.29 (m, 7H), 7.03 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.0 (dd, J = 9.0, 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.57 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1 H), 5.05 (s, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 364 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000079_0001
B. 5-[(Phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-i H-indole-2-carbaldehyde To a solution of 5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 /-/-indole (1.5 g, 4.12 mmol) in THF (20 ml_), under N2, at -780C, was added n-BuLi (2.5M solution in hexane, 2.15 ml_, 5.37 mmol) dropwise. After stirring at -780C for 30 min, anhydrous DMF (0.54 g, 7.42 mmol) was added. After 5 min, the -780C bath was replaced with an ice bath. After 45 min, sat'd NH4CI solution (20 ml_) was added and the mixture was partitioned between Et2O and water. The organic phase was washed with water and sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (20-70% CH2CI2-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (1.24 g, 77% yield): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 10.5 (s, 1 H), 8.14 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.74 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.53 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.43-7.31 (m, 8H), 7.22 (dd, J = 9.3, 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.06 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 5.06 (s, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 392 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000080_0001
C. 4-Chloro-5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-i H-indole-2- carbaldehyde
To a solution of 5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1/-/-indole-2- carbaldehyde (3.22 g, 8.22 mmol) in 1 :1 AcOH-CH2CI2 (140 ml_) was added sulfuryl chloride (1.24 g, 9.19 mmol) dropwise and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 15 h. Additional sulfuryl chloride (0.084 g, 0.62 mmol) was added and stirring was continued for 1 h. The mixture was partially concentrated to -1/2 volume under a stream of N2 and the resulting light yellow crystals were collected by filtration and washed sequentially with cold AcOH and hexanes, to afford the title compound (2.58 g, 74% yield): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 10.49 (s, 1 H), 8.05 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.74 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.58-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.46-7.30 (m, 7H), 7.22 (d, J = 9 Hz, 1 H), 5.19 (s, 2H).
Figure imgf000080_0002
D. 4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-
1H-indole
To a suspension of 4-chloro-5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1/-/-indole- 2-carbaldehyde (7.15 g, 16.82 mol) in anhydrous CH2CI2 (40 ml_) was slowly added Deoxofluor (18.62 g, 84.12 mmol). After 15h, the mixture was partially concentrated in vacuo to -1/3 volume. Hexane (-70 ml_) was added slowly to the mixture while stirring and the solids were collected by filtration and washed with hexanes. The solids were subsequently triturated with cold MeOH, collected by filtration and washed sequentially with cold MeOH and hexanes to afford the title compound as an off-white solid (6.64 g, 88% yield): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.92 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.87 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.47- 7.42 (m, 4H), 7.37 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.33-7.17 (m, 3H), 7.09 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.17 (s, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 446 (M-1 ).
Figure imgf000081_0001
E. 4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-i H-indol-5-ol
To a solution of 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1- (phenylsulfonyl)-i /-/-indole (2.6 g, 5.82 mmol) in anhydrous CH2CI2 (80 ml_), under N2, at -780C, was slowly added a solution of BBr3 in CH2CI2 (1 M, 6.1 ml_). After stirring at -780C for 30 min, additional BBr3 solution (1 M, 0.3 ml_) was added and stirring was continued at -780C for 30 min. While at -780C, sat'd aqueous NaHCO3 solution (-10 ml_) was added slowly, the cold bath was then removed and the reaction mixture brought to rt. The mixture was partitioned between CH2CI2 and sat'd NaHCO3 solution. The aqueous phase was washed with CH2CI2. The combined organic phases were washed with sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-40% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (1.87 g, 89% yield): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.93 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.89 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.58 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.46 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (t, J = 54.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.12-7.08 (m, 2H), 5.42 (bs, 1 H); MS (ES) m/z 356 (M-1 ).
Figure imgf000081_0002
F. 4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-i H-indol-5-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate To a solution of 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1/-/-indol-5-ol (1.85 g, 5.17 mmol) in CH2CI2 (75 ml_) was added Et3N (0.58 g, 5.68 mmol) and triflic anhydride (1.6 g, 5.68 mmol). After stirring at rt for 1 h, additional Et3N (0.052 g, 0.52 mmol) and triflic anhydride (0.147 g, 0.52 mmol) were added. After 1 h, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between EtOAc and 0.1 N HCI. The organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-20% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (2.25 g, 88% yield): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.09 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.95 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.64 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.52 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.35 (t, J = 54.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.54 (s, 1 H, partially overlapping CHCI3 signal); MS (ES) m/z 488 (M-1 ).
Figure imgf000082_0001
G. 4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-i H-indole-5- carbonitrile and 2-(Difluoromethyl)-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-i H-indole-4,5- dicarbonitrile
To a solution of 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1/-/-indol-5-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (0.75 g, 1.53 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (10 ml_) under N2, was added Zn(CN)2 (0.093 g, 0.80 mmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (0.088 g, 0.077 mmol) and the resulting mixture was heated at 12O0C for 2 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between Et2O and water. The organic phase was washed with water. The combined aqueous phases were reextracted with Et2O. The combined organic phases were washed with sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-40% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-(phenylsulfonyl)- 1H-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.35 g, 62% yield) 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.11 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.94 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.67-7.63 (m, 2H), 7.52 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (t, J = 54 Hz, 1 H), 7.25 (s, 1 H, overlapping CHCI3 signal); MS (ES) m/z 365 (M-1 )) and 2-(difluoromethyl)-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1/-/-indole-4,5-dicarbonithle (0.054 g, 10% yield) (1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.45 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.96 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.77 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.68 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.55 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (t, J = 54 Hz, 1 H), 7.35 (s, 1 H); MS (ES) m/z 356 (M-1 )).
Figure imgf000083_0001
H. 4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile To a solution of 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-i /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile (1.05 g, 2.85 mmol) in anhydrous THF (12 ml_) under N2, was added TBAF (1 M in THF, 8.6 ml_) and the mixture was heated at 750C for 2 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and 0.2N HCI. The organic phase was washed with 0.2N HCI and sat'd brine. The combined aqueous phases were reextracted with EtOAc. The second EtOAc phase was washed with 0.2N HCI and sat'd brine. The combined organic phases were dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0- 50% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound as a light yellow solid (0.595 g, 92% yield): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.53 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.51 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.03 (t, J = 54.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.95 (bt, J = 2 Hz, 1 H); MS (ES) m/z 227 (M+1 ).
Example 23
Figure imgf000083_0002
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]methyl}-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile To a solution of 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.23 g, 1.0 mmol) in anhydrous MeCN (5 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (0.38 g, 1.15 mmol) and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.27 g, 1.15 mmol). The mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 950C, under N2, for 1 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was washed with water and sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (2-30% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) and the product was crystallized from CH2CI2-hexanes to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.32 g, 77% yield): 1H NMR (400 MHz, acetone-d6) δ 7.91 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.74 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.70 (m, 2H), 7.45 (t, J = 53.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.42 (tt, J = 9.0, 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.20 (s, 1 H), 5.95 (s, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 421 (M+1 ).
Example 24
Figure imgf000084_0001
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 23 using 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: MS (ES) m/z 451 (M-1 ).
Example 25
Figure imgf000084_0002
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-chloro-2- (difluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000085_0001
A. 5-Bromo-A/'-(chloroacetyl)-3-pyridinecarbohydrazide
To an ice-cold suspension of 5-bromo-3-pyhdinecarbohydrazide (3.0 g, 13.88 mmol) in anhydrous CH2CI2 (60 ml_) was added 4-methyl-morpholine (2.1 g, 20.82 mmol), followed by dropwise addition of chloroacetyl chloride (1.88 g,
16.67 mmol). The cold bath was then removed and the mixture stirred at rt for 15 h. Heavy precipitation occurred and the mixture was diluted with additional CH2CI2 (50 ml_) and stirring continued for 24 h. The solids were collected by filtration and washed with CH2CI2 to afford the title compound (3.66 g, 90% yield): MS (ES) m/z 292 and 294 (M+1 Br isotopes).
Figure imgf000085_0002
B. 3-Bromo-5-[5-(chloromethyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]pyridine
A suspension of 5-bromo-W-(chloroacetyl)-3-pyhdinecarbohydrazide (3.65 g, 12.48 mmol) in POCI3 (20 ml_) was heated at 1100C for 1.5 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with EtOAc and sat'd NaHCO3 solution was added slowly while stirring. The pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to ~ 8 by addition of sat'd K2CO3 solution. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted twice with EtOAc. The combined organic phases were washed with sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-50% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound as a light yellow solid (2.01 g, 59% yield): MS (ES) m/z 274 and 276 (M+1 Br isotopes).
Figure imgf000085_0003
C. 1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-chloro-2- (difluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 23 using 3-bromo-5-[5-(chloromethyl)- 1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]pyhdine: MS (ES) m/z 464 and 466 (M+1 Br isotopes).
Example 26
Figure imgf000086_0001
4-Chloro-1-{[5-(5-cyano-3-pyridinyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2- (difluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile To a solution of 1-{[5-(5-bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-chloro- 2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.015 g, 0.032 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (1.5 ml_) under N2, was added Zn(CN)2 (0.002 g, 0.016 mmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (0.004 g, 0.0032 mmol). The mixture was heated at 12O0C, under N2 for 1 h. Additional Pd(PPh3)4 (0.004 g, 0.0032 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated at 12O0C, under N2 for another 40 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between Et2O and water. The organic phase was washed with water and sat'd brine. The combined aqueous phases were washed with EtOAc. The EtOAc phase was washed with water (2x) and brine. The Et2O and EtOAc phases were combined, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (5-70% EtOAc-hexanes gradient), followed by a second purification by radial chromatography (0-3% MeOH-CH2CI2 gradient). The product was crystallized from CH2CI2-hexanes to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.008 g, 61 % yield): MS (ES) m/z 411 (M+1 ).
Example 27
Figure imgf000087_0001
A-Chloro-i-fcyanomethylJ^-fdifluoromethylJ-IH-indole-S-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile, bromoacetonitrile (2 eq) and Cs2CO3 (2 eq): MS (ES) m/z 264 (M-1 ).
Example 28
Figure imgf000087_0002
Methyl [4-chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]acetate Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile, methyl bromoacetate (2 eq) and Cs2CO3 (2 eq): MS (ES) m/z 299 (M+1 ).
Example 29
Figure imgf000087_0003
2-[4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]acetamide
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile, bromoacetamide (2 eq) and Cs2CO3 (2 eq): MS (ES) m/z 284 (M+1 ).
Example 30
Figure imgf000088_0001
2-[4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]propanamide
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile, 2-bromo-propionamide (2 eq) and Cs2CO3 (2 eq). After heating at 9O0C for 4 h, additional 2-bromo-propionamide (2 eq) and Cs2CO3 (2 eq) were added and the reaction mixture heated at 11O0C for 15 h: MS (ES) m/z 298 (M+1 ).
Example 31
Figure imgf000088_0002
2-[4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -y\]-N,N- dimethylpropanamide
Figure imgf000088_0003
A. 1,1-Dimethylethyl 2-[4-chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1- yljpropanoate
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile, 2-bromopropionic acid t-butyl ester (1.5 eq) and Cs2CO3 (1.5 eq): MS (ES) m/z 355 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000089_0001
B. 2-[4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]propanoic acid
To a solution of 1 , 1 -dimethylethyl 2-[4-chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/- indol-1 -yl]propanoate (0.072 g, 0.2 mmol) in CH2CI2 (5 ml_) was added TFA (5 ml_) and stirred at rt for 4 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with Et2O and hexane was added while stirring. The solids were collected by filtration and washed with hexane to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.058 g, 95% yield): MS (ES) m/z 299 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000089_0002
C. 2-[4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -y\]-N,N- dimethylpropanamide
To a solution of 2-[4-chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]propanoic acid (0.01O g, 0.034 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (1.5 ml_) was added HATU (0.014 g, 0.037 mmol) and DIEA (0.0048 g, 0.0037 mmol) and stirred at rt. After 10 min, dimethylamine (2M in THF, 0.17 ml_, 0.34 mmol) was added and stirred at rt for 45 min. The mixture was partitioned between Et2O and 0.2N HCI. The organic phase was washed with 0.2N HCI, 0.2N NaOH and sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0- 1 % MeOH-CH2CI2 gradient) and the product was crystallized from CH2CI2- hexanes to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.007 g, 64% yield): MS (ES) m/z 326 (M+1 ).
Example 32
Figure imgf000090_0001
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(2-pyridinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}- 1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000090_0002
A. (IZJ^-^-Chloro-S-cyano^-tdifluoromethylJ-IH-indol-i-yll-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide
To a solution of 4-chloro-1-(cyanomethyl)-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile (Example 27) (0.147 g, 0.55 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (4 ml_) was added H2NOH-HCI (0.153 g, 2.2 mmol) and NaOAc (0.18 g, 2.2 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at rt for 15 h. The mixture was partitioned between Et2O and sat'd NaHCO3 solution. The organic phase was washed with water and sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo.
The residue was purified by flash chromatography (10-100% hexanes to EtOAc gradient) to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.147 g, 89% yield): MS
(ES) m/z 299 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000090_0003
B. 4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -{[5-(2-pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]methyl}-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of (1Z)-2-[4-chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (0.011 g, 0.035 mmol) in anhydrous THF (1.5 ml_), under N2, was added picolinoyl chloride hydrochloride (0.0066 g, 0.037 mmol) and Et3N (0.0078 g, 0.077 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min. The reaction was monitored by TLC and additional acid chloride (0.003 g, 0.018 mmol) and Et3N (0.0035 g, 0.035 mmol) were added and stirring continued at rt for 1 h. The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 12O0C for 20 min, and subsequently at 15O0C for 2 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and 0.1 N HCI. The organic phase was washed with 0.1 N HCI, sat'd NaHCO3 solution and sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (5-50% EtOAc-hexanes gradient), followed by a second purification by radial chromatography (5-70% EtOAc-hexanes gradient). The product was crystallized from CH2Cl2-hexanes to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.005 g, 38% yield): MS (ES) m/z 386 (M+1 ).
Example 33
Figure imgf000091_0001
1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-chloro-2- (difluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 5-bromonicotinic acid (0.017 g, 0.082 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (2 ml_) was added HATU (0.031 g, 0.082 mmol) and DIEA (0.011 g, 0.082 mmol) and stirred at rt. After 10 min, a solution of (1Z)-2-[4-chloro-5-cyano-2- (difluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide (0.023 g, 0.077 mmol) in THF (1.5 ml_) was added and stirring was continued at rt. After 30 min, the mixture was heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 20 min. Upon cooling, water (~5 ml_) was added to the stirring reaction mixture and the precipitated solids were collected by filtration and washed sequentially with water and hexanes. The product was further purified by flash chromatography (0-20% EtOAc-hexanes gradient), followed by crystallization from CH2Cl2-hexanes to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.011 g, 31 % yield): MS (ES) m/z 464 and 466 (M+1 Br isotopes). Example 34
Figure imgf000092_0001
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]methyl}-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 32B using 2,4-difluorobenzoyl chloride (1.05 eq) and Et3N (1.05 eq) with DCE-DMF (4:1 ) as the solvent and the heating step done in a microwave at 150C for 40 min: MS (ES) m/z 419 (M-1 ).
Example 35
Figure imgf000092_0002
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl]methyl}-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000092_0003
A. 1,1-Dimethylethyl [4-chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1H-indol-1- yljacetate
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile, t-butyl bromoacetate (1.5 eq) and Cs2CO3 (1.5 eq) with MeCN as the solvent (in a sealed tube): MS (ES) m/z 341 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000093_0001
B. [4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]acetic acid
Synthesized as described in Example 31 B from 1 , 1 -dimethylethyl [4-chloro-5- cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]acetate: MS (ES) m/z 285 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000093_0002
C. 4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -{[5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol- 2-yl]methyl}-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a suspension of [4-chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]acetic acid (0.020 g, 0.070 mmol) in DCE (3 ml_), under N2, was added EDCI (0.016 g, 0.081 mmol) and stirred at rt. After 5 min, 2,4-difluorobenzohydrazide (0.014 g, 0.081 mmol) was added and stirring was continued at rt. After 30 min, TsCI (0.016 g, 0.084 mmol) and P-BEMP (loading 2.2 mmol/g, 0.127 g, 0.28 mmol) were added and the mixture was heated at 1000C for 20 min. The reaction was monitored by LC/MS. Subsequently, the mixture was heated at 12O0C for 30 min. Additional TsCI (0.020 g, 0.105 mmol) and P-BEMP (0.127 g, 0.28 mmol) were added and the mixture was heated at 12O0C another 20 min. Upon cooling, the resin was filtered off and washed with EtOAc. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (10-70% EtOAc- hexanes gradient). The product was crystallized from ChhC^-hexanes to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.011 g, 38% yield): MS (ES) m/z 421 (M+1 ).
Example 36
Figure imgf000094_0001
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(3,5<lifluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl]methyl}-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 35C using 3,5-difluorobenzohydrazide: MS (ES) m/z 421 (M+1 ).
Example 37
Figure imgf000094_0002
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-{[3-(2-pyridinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methyl}- 1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a suspension of [4-chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]acetic acid (0.020 g, 0.070 mmol) in DCE (2 ml_), under N2 was added EDCI (0.015 g, 0.077 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt. After 5 min, Λ/-hydroxy-2- pyridinecarboximidamide (0.011 g, 0.077 mmol) was added. After stirring at rt for 30 min, the mixture was heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 20 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and 0.1 N HCI. The organic phase was washed with sat'd NaHCO3 solution and brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0- 100% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) and the product was crystallized from CH2CI2- MeOH-hexanes to give the title compound as a white solid (0.016 g, 59% yield): MS (ES) m/z 386 (M+1 ).
Example 38
Figure imgf000095_0001
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(6-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl]methyl}-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000095_0002
A. 2-[4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]acetohydrazide
To a solution of [4-chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]acetic acid (0.050 g, 0.175 mmol) in anhydrous THF (2 ml_), under N2, was added CDI (0.030 g, 0.184 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 4 h and additional CDI (0.030 g, 0.184 mmol) was added. After 45 min, additional CDI (0.079 g, 0.49 mmol) was added. After 5 min, hydrazine (0.112 g, 3.5 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min. The mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and 0.2N NaOH. The organic phase was washed with 0.2N NaOH and sat'd brine. The combined aqueous phases were extracted with EtOAc (x2). The second EtOAc phases were washed with sat'd NaHCO3 solution and brine. The organic phases were combined, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-10% MeOH-CH2CI2 gradient) to afford the title compound (0.027 g, 52% yield): MS (ES) m/z 299 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000095_0003
B. 4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -{[5-(6-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4- oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile To a solution of β-fluoro^-pyridinecarboxylic acid (0.006 g, 0.043 mmol) in MeCN (2 ml_), under N2, was added EDCI (0.0085 g, 0.044 mmol). After 5 min, 2- [4-chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]acetohydrazide (0.012 g, 0.040 mmol) was added. After 1 h, additional β-fluoro^-pyridinecarboxylic acid (0.003 g, 0.02 mmol) and EDCI (0.0077 g, 0.040 mmol) were added. After another 15 min, additional 6-fluoro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (0.0014 g, 0.01 mmol) and EDCI (0.0046 g, 0.02 mmol) were added. After another 10 min, TsCI (0.009 g, 0.048 mmol) and P-BEMP (loading 2.2 mmol/g, 0.073 g, 0.16 mmol) were added and the mixture was heated at 12O0C for 20 min. Upon cooling, additional TsCI (0.0046 g, 0.024 mmol) and P-BEMP (0.037 g, 0.08 mmol) were added and the mixture was heated at 12O0C for another 20 min. Upon cooling, the resin was filtered off, washed with EtOAc and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-50% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) and the product was crystallized from CH2CI2-hexanes to give the title compound as a white solid (0.005 g, 31 % yield): MS (ES) m/z 404 (M+1 ).
Example 39
Figure imgf000096_0001
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.004 g, 0.018 mmol), Cs2CO3 (0.007 g, 0.021 mmol), and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5-dimethyl-4- isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.005 g, 0.021 mmol) were combined in DMF (2 ml_). The reaction mixture was heated at 750C under N2 for 1 h. Extraction with Et2O, washing with water, and brine was followed by drying (Na2SO4), filtration, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification (SiO2, EtOAc/ hexanes) afforded the title compound (0.0038) g: MS (ESI) m/z 402 (M-1 ).
Example 40
Figure imgf000097_0001
A-Chloro^-tdifluoromethylJ-i-ti.S-thiazol-A-ylmethylJ-IH-indole-S- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 39 from 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 4-(chloromethyl)-1 ,3-thiazole: MS (ESI) m/z 324 (M+1 )
Example 41
Figure imgf000097_0002
^({S-IS.S-BisttrifluoromethylJphenyll-i^^-oxadiazol-S-y^methylJ-A-chloro- 2-(difluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 39 from 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole: MS (ESI) m/z 519 (M-1 ).
Example 42
Figure imgf000098_0001
A-Chloro^-tdifluoromethylJ-I^IS-ttrifluoromethylJ^-furanyllmethy^-IH- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 39 from 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan: MS (ESI) m/z 375 (M+1 ).
Example 43
Figure imgf000098_0002
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 39 from 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 2-(chloromethyl)pyhdine hydrochloride. MS (ESI) m/z 318.07 (M+1 ).
Example 44
Figure imgf000098_0003
4-Chloro-1-[(5-cyclopropyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)methyl]-2-(difluoromethyl)- 1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 39 from 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 2-(chloromethyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole: MS (ESI) m/z 365 (M+1 ).
Example 45
Figure imgf000099_0001
A-Chloro^-tdifluoromethylJ-i^-Ite-fluoro-S-pyridinylJoxylethy^-IH-indole- 5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 39 from 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 5-[(2-bromoethyl)oxy]-2-fluoropyridine: MS (ESI) m/z 366 (M+1 ).
Example 46
Figure imgf000099_0002
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -(2-{[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]oxy}ethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000099_0003
A. 4-[(2-Bromoethyl)oxy]phenyl methyl sulfone To a solution of 4-(methylsulfonyl)phenol (0.30 g, 1.74 mmol) in MeCN (5 ml_) was added Cs2CO3 (0.71 g, 2.18 mmol) and 1 ,2-dibromoethane (1.64 g, 8.71 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 1000C. After 1.5 h, additional Cs2CO3 (0.4 g, 1.21 mmol) was added and heated at 10O0C for another 2 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and 1 N NaOH. The organic phase was washed with sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-70% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.255 g, 53% yield): MS (ES) m/z 279 and 281 (M+1 Br isotopes).
Figure imgf000100_0001
B. 4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -(2-{[4- (methylsulfonyl)phenyl]oxy}ethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.019 g, 0.084 mmol) in MeCN (2 ml_), under N2, was added Cs2CO3 (0.055 g, 0.17 mmol) and 4-[(2-bromoethyl)oxy]phenyl methyl sulfone (0.047 g, 0.17 mmol). The mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 1000C for 1 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was washed with sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-70% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) and the product was crystallized from CH2CI2-hexanes to give the title compound as a white solid (0.022 g, 61 % yield): MS (ES) m/z 425 (M+1 ).
Example 47
Figure imgf000100_0002
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-{2-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Figure imgf000101_0001
A. 2-Bromoethyl 2,4-difluorophenyl ether
Synthesized as described in Example 46A using 2,4-difluorophenol: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.94 (td, J = 9.0, 5.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.86 (ddd, J = 11.0, 8.5, 3.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.81-6.75 (m, 1 H), 4.30 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H).
Figure imgf000101_0002
B. 4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -{2-[(2,4-dif luorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 46B using 2-bromoethyl 2,4-difluorophenyl ether: MS (ES) m/z 383 (M+1 ).
Example 48
Figure imgf000101_0003
4-Chloro-1 -{2-[(4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-(dif luoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000101_0004
A. 4-[(2-Bromoethyl)oxy]-2-fluorobenzonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 46A using 2-fluoro-4-hydroxybenzonithle: MS (ES) m/z 244 and 246 (M+1 Br isotopes).
Figure imgf000102_0001
B. 4-Chloro-1 -{2-[(4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-(difluoromethyl)- 1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 46B using 4-[(2-bromoethyl)oxy]-2- fluorobenzonitrile: MS (ES) m/z 390 (M+1 ).
Example 49
Figure imgf000102_0002
4-Chloro-1-{2-[(5-chloro-3-pyridinyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-(difluoromethyl)-1H-indole- 5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000102_0003
A. 3-[(2-Bromoethyl)oxy]-5-chloropyridine
Synthesized as described in Example 46A using 5-chloro-3-pyridinol: MS (ES) m/z 236 and 238 (M+1 Br isotopes).
Figure imgf000103_0001
B. A-Chloro-i^-KS-chloro-S-pyridinylJoxylethy^^-tdifluoromethyO-IH- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 46B using 3-[(2-bromoethyl)oxy]-5- chloropyridine : MS (ES) m/z 382 (M+1 ).
Example 50
Figure imgf000103_0002
A-Chloro-i^-Ite-chloro-S-pyridinylJoxylethy^^-tdifluoromethylJ-IH-indole- 5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000103_0003
A. 5-[(2-Bromoethyl)oxy]-2-chloropyridine
Synthesized as described in Example 46A using 6-chloro-3-pyridinol: MS (APCI) m/z 236 and 238 (M+1 Br isotopes).
Figure imgf000103_0004
B. A-Chloro-i^-Ite-chloro-S-pyridinylJoxylethy^^-tdifluoromethylJ-IH- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 46B using 5-[(2-bromoethyl)oxy]-2- chloropyridine: MS (ES) m/z 382 (M+1 ).
Example 51
Figure imgf000104_0001
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -{2-[(4-fluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 46B using commercially available 2- bromoethyl 4-fluorophenyl ether: MS (APCI) m/z 365 (M+1 ).
Example 52
Figure imgf000104_0002
Λ/-[4-({2-[4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 - yl]ethyl}oxy)phenyl]acetamide
Synthesized as described in Example 46B using Λ/-{4-[(2- bromoethyl)oxy]phenyl}acetamide: MS (ES) m/z 404 (M+1 ).
Example 53
Figure imgf000105_0001
2-(Difluoromethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile
Figure imgf000105_0002
A. 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 10 from ethyl 4,5-dicyano-1-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (Example 7): MS (ES) m/z 280 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000105_0003
B. 2-Formyl-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 12 from 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1 -(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-4,5-dicarbonithle: MS (ES) m/z 276 (M-1 ).
Figure imgf000105_0004
C. 2-(Difluoromethyl)-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 21 from 2-formyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)- 1/-/-indole-4,5-dicarbonithle using 10 eq of Deoxofluor: MS (ES) m/z 300 (M+1 ).
Example 54
Figure imgf000106_0001
2-(Difluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile
Figure imgf000106_0002
A. 2-(Difluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 22H from 2-(difluoromethyl)-1- (phenylsulfonyl)-1/-/-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile (intermediate 22G): MS (ES) m/z 218 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000106_0003
B. 2-(Difluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 23 from 2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-4,5- dicarbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3-(thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: MS (ES) m/z 444 (M+1 ).
Example 55
Figure imgf000106_0004
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-(difluoromethyl)- 1 H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 23 from 2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-4,5- dicarbonithle and 3-bromo-5-[5-(chloromethyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]pyridine: MS (ES) m/z 455 and 457 (M+1 Br isotopes).
Example 56
Figure imgf000107_0001
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2- (difluoromethyl)-i H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 23 from 2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-4,5- dicarbonithle and 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole: MS (ES) m/z 510 (M-1 ).
Example 57
Figure imgf000107_0002
2-(Difluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}- 1 H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 23 from 2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-4,5- dicarbonithle and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: MS (ES) m/z 412 (M+1 ).
Example 58
Figure imgf000108_0001
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
To an ice-cold suspension of 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.010 g, 0.044 mmol) in TFA (1 ml_) was added NaCNBH3 (0.028 g, 0.44 mmol) in portions. After 10 min, the cold bath was removed and the mixture stirred at rt. After 1.5 h, additional NaCNBH3 (0.014 g, 0.22 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at rt another 20 min. The mixture was concentrated to dryness in in vacuo at 450C. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc and 0.2N NaOH. The organic phase was washed with a sat'd NaHCO3 solution and brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by radial chromatography (10-100% CH2CI2-hexanes) to afford 4-chloro-2- (difluoromethyl)-i -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.004 g, 29% yield) (MS (ES) m/z 311 (M+1 )) and 4-chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-2,3- dihydro-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.004 g, 40% yield) (MS (ES) m/z 229 (M+1 )).
Example 59
Figure imgf000108_0002
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 23 from 2-(difluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 /-/- indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile (a byproduct obtained in the synthesis of Example 79) and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3-(thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: MS (ES) m/z 455 (M+1 ). Example 60
Figure imgf000109_0001
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000109_0002
A. Λ/-[4-Chloro-2-iodo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2,2- dimethylpropanamide
A THF (20 ml_) solution of known Λ/-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2,2- dimethylpropanamide (1.49 g, 5.34 mmol) at ca. -50C was treated with n-BuLi (2.5 M, 5.33 ml_). After 30 min, the reaction was treated with I2 (2.03 g, 8.01 mmol) dissolved in THF (3 ml_). The resulting mixture was then quenched with sat. aqueous NH4CI after 10 min. Excess I2 was removed with 10% aqueous sodium metabisulfite. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (20 ml_) and H2O (20 ml_) and partitioned. The aqueous portion was extracted with EtOAc (20 ml_). The combined organic portions were washed with H2O followed by brine. Drying (Na2SO4) was followed by filtration and concentration. 1H NMR of the crude mixture showed a 3.7:1 ratio of the desired (2-iodo) to the undesired regioisomer. Column chromatography (SiO2; hexanes/EtOAc) provided the title compound as a white solid (1.34 g, 62%): 1H NMR (CDCI3) δ 8.33 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.16 (bs, 1 H), 7.49 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 1.38 (s, 9H).
Figure imgf000109_0003
B. Λ/-{4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]phenyl}-2,2- dimethylpropanamide
A triethylamine (2.2 ml_) solution of N-[4-chloro-2-iodo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- 2,2-dimethylpropanamide (0.413 g, 1.02 mmol) was treated with TMS acetylene (0.158 ml_, 1.12 mmol) followed by copper iodide (0.019 g, 0.102 mmol) and PdCI2(PPh3)2 (0.021 g, 0.031 mmol). The reaction vessel was purged with N2, sealed and heated to 5O0C for 14 h. TLC at this time showed excellent conversion to the desired product. The cooled mixture was fitered through a plug of celite and patitioned between EtOAc (10 ml_) and H2O (10 ml_). The organic portion was dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated. Column chromatography (SiO2, EtOAc/hexanes) affored the title compound as a light brown solid: 1H NMR (CDCI3) δ 8.72 (bs, 1 H), 8.64 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.41 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 1.34 (s, 9H), 0.29 (s, 9H).
Figure imgf000110_0001
C. 4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
An NMP solution (15 ml_) of N-{4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2- [(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]phenyl}-2,2-dimethylpropanamide (1.04 g, 2.77 mmol) was treated with CuCN (1.04 g, 11.01 mmol) and the resulting mixture was heated at 25O0C in a microwave for 5.5 h. The dark brown reaction mixture was poured into crushed ice (250 ml_) containing cone, ammonium hydroxide (30 ml_). The resulting slurry was fitered and rinsed with Et2O. The filtrate was diluted with Et2O (50 ml_) and partitioned. The aqueous portion was extracted with Et2O (2 x 25 ml_). The combined organic portions were washed with H2O (25 ml_) and brine (25 ml_). Drying (Na2SO4) and fitration were followed by concentration to a brown/yellow solid (0.723 g) that was used for the next reaction without further purification.
Figure imgf000111_0001
D. 4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
A DMF solution (25 ml_) of 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (2.66 mmol max) was treated with CS2CO3 (1.73 g, 5.32 mmol) followed by 3-(chloromethyl)- 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.699 g, 2.66 mmol). The resulting suspension was heated to 9O0C for 30 min. The cooled reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (25 ml_) and then extacted with EtOAc (3 x 25 ml_). The pooled organic portions were washed with H2O and brine. Drying (Na2SO4) and filtration were followed by concentration. Column chromatography (SiO2, EtOAc/hexanes) afforded the title compound in excellent purity as a pale yellow solid (900 g, 75 % over two stages): 1H NMR (DMSO-c(6) δ 8.32 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.25 (bs, 1 H), 8.11-8.06 (m, 2H), 7.98 (d, J = 3.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.86-8.81 (m, 2H), 6.82-6.81 (m, 1 H), 5.95 (s, 2H).
Example 61
Figure imgf000111_0002
5-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole
Figure imgf000111_0003
A. 5-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole A solution of N-{4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]phenyl}-2,2- dimethylpropanamide (Example 60B) in THF (10 ml_) was treated with TBAF (3.2 ml_, 1 M in THF, 3 equiv) and the reaction mixture was left to stir at ambient temperature for 14 h. Concentration was followed by partitioning between EtOAc and water. The organic portion was dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated to a waxy yellow solid. This material was used for the next reaction without further purification: MS (ESI): m/z 218 (M-1 ).
Figure imgf000112_0001
B. 5-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[3-(trif luoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole
Synthesized as described in Example 6OD from 5-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole: MS (ESI): m/z 446 (M+1 ).
Example 62
Figure imgf000112_0002
1 -(Cyanomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.210 g, 1.00 mmol) in DMF (20 ml_), was added Cs2CO3 (0.489 g, 1.50 mmol) and bromoacetonitrile (0.180 g, 1.50 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 750C under an N2 atmosphere for 1 hr. Dilution with water was followed by extraction with Et2O. The combined organic portions were washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification (SiO2, EtOAc/ hexanes) afforded 0.211 g of the title compound: MS (ESI): m/z 250 (M+1 ). Example 63
Figure imgf000113_0001
1-({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4- (trif luoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 62 from 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile and 5-[3,5-bis(thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole: MS (ESI): m/z 503 (M-1 ).
Example 64
Figure imgf000113_0002
2-[5-Cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide
To 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.210 g, 0.85 mmol) in DMF (15 ml_), was added NaOAc/3H20 (0.346 g, 2.54 mmol) and H2NOH/HCI (0.176 g, 2.54 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 15 h. H2O (30 ml_) and sat'd aqueous NaHCO3 (45 ml_) were added to the reaction mixture. Extraction with Et2O (3 x 50 ml_) was followed by washing with brine, drying (Na2SO4), filtration, and concentration in vacuo. Trituration with hexanes/CH2CI2 afforded 0.282 g of the title compound in good purity: 1NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.71 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.51 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.42 (d, J = 3.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.75 (m, 1 H), 4.80 (s, 2H); MS (ESI): m/z 283 (M+1 ).
Example 65
Figure imgf000114_0001
1-({5-[2-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
2-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (0.016 g, 0.075 mmol) and EDCI (0.015 g, 0.078 mmol) were stirred in DCE (2 ml_) for 5 min at rt and then 2-[5-cyano-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide (0.020 g, 0.071 mmol) was added. After 1 h at rt, the reaction was heated to 8O0C for 15 h. Direct purification (SiO2, EtOAc/ hexanes) provided the title compound (0.016 g): MS (ESI): m/z 455 (M+1 ).
Example 66
Figure imgf000114_0002
1-({5-[3-Nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 65 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3-nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid: MS (ESI): m/z 482 (M+1 ).
Example 67
Figure imgf000114_0003
1-({5-[4-Fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 65 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid: MS (ESI): m/z 455 (M+1 ).
Example 68
Figure imgf000115_0001
1-({5-[3-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 65 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid: MS (ESI): m/z 455 (M+1 ).
Example 69
Figure imgf000115_0002
^({S-IS-Chloro^-fluoro-S-ttrifluoromethylJphenyll-i^^-oxadiazol-S- yl}methyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 65 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3-chloro-2-fluoro-5- (thfluoromethyl)benzoic acid: MS (ESI): m/z 487 (M-1 ).
Example 70
Figure imgf000115_0003
^({S-^-Chloro-S-ttrifluoromethylJphenyll-i^^-oxadiazol-S-y^methyl)^- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
2-Chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (0.017 g, 0.071 mmol), Et3N (0.008 g. 0.078 mmol) and 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (0.020 g, 0.071 mmol) were combined in CH3CN (1.5 ml_). After stirring at rt for 1 h, the mixture was heated to 15O0C in a microwave for 10 min. Purification (Siθ2, EtOAc/hexanes) afforded the title compound (0.025 g): MS (ESI): m/z 469 (M-1 ).
Example 71
Figure imgf000116_0001
1-({5-[4-(Methyloxy)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 70 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 4-(methyloxy)-3- (thfluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride. MS (ESI): m/z 467 (M+1 ).
Example 72
Figure imgf000116_0002
1 -({5-[4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
4-Chloro-3-(thfluoromethyl)benzoic acid (0.016 g, 0.071 mmol) and CDI (0.012 g, 0.071 mmol) were combined in in CH3CN (3 ml_). 2-[5-Cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1/-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide (0.020 g, 0.071 mmol) was added after 5 min. After stirring at rt for 1 h, the reaction was heated at 15O0C in a microwave for 10 min. Purification (SiO2, EtOAc/ hexanes) afforded the title compound (0.022 g): MS (ESI): m/z 471 (M+1 ).
Example 73
Figure imgf000117_0001
1-({5-[3-Methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-isoxazolyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1 -yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4- isoxazolecarboxylic acid: MS (ESI): m/z 442 (M+1 ).
Example 74
Figure imgf000117_0002
1 -{[5-(3-Cyanophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3-cyanobenzoic acid: MS (ESI): m/z 392 (M-1 ).
Example 75
Figure imgf000117_0003
1-{[5-(3-Bromo-4-methylphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3-bromo-4-methylbenzoic acid: MS (ESI): m/z 461 (M+).
Example 76
Figure imgf000118_0001
1-{[5-(4-Acetylphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 4-acetylbenzoic acid: MS (ESI): m/z 411 (M+1 ).
Example 77
Figure imgf000118_0002
1-({5-[2-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 2-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid: MS (APCI): m/z 471 (M+1 ).
Example 78
Figure imgf000119_0001
1-{[5-(3-Bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzoic acid: MS (ESI): m/z 465 (M+1 ).
Example 79
Figure imgf000119_0002
1 -({5-[2-Fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid: MS (ESI): m/z 455 (M+1 ).
Example 80
Figure imgf000119_0003
1 -{[5-(4-Cyanophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 4-cyanobenzoic acid: MS (ESI): m/z 394 (M+1 ). Example 81
Figure imgf000120_0001
1-{[5-(3-Bromo-4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3-bromo-4-chlorobenzoic acid: MS (ESI): m/z 481 (M+1 ).
Example 82
Figure imgf000120_0002
1-{[5-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid: MS (ESI): m/z 437 (M+1 ).
Example 83
Figure imgf000120_0003
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1 -[(5-{4-[(trifluoromethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl)methyl]-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 4-[(trifluoromethyl)oxy]benzoic acid: MS (ESI): m/z 453 (M+1 ).
Example 84
Figure imgf000121_0001
1 -{[5-(3-Chlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3-chlorobenzoic acid: MS (ESI): m/z 403 (M+1 ).
Example 85
Figure imgf000121_0002
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1 -[(5-{3-[(trif luoromethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl)methyl]-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3-[(trifluoromethyl)oxy]benzoic acid: MS (APCI): m/z 453 (M+1 ).
Example 86
Figure imgf000121_0003
1-{[5-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3,4-difluorobenzoic acid: MS (APCI): m/z 405 (M+1 ).
Example 87
Figure imgf000122_0001
1-{[5-(3-Hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4- (trif luoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3-hydroxy-4-methylbenzoic acid: MS (APCI): m/z 399 (M+1 ).
Example 88
Figure imgf000122_0002
1 -{[5-(3-Bromophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3-bromobenzoic acid: MS (ESI): m/z 449 (M+1 ).
Example 89
Figure imgf000123_0001
1 -{[5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 4-chlorobenzoic acid: MS (ESI): m/z 403 (M+1 ).
Example 90
Figure imgf000123_0002
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 23 using 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: MS (ES) m/z 437 (M+1).
Example 91
Figure imgf000123_0003
1 -(1 ,3-Thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 23 using 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile and 4-(chloromethyl)-1 ,3-thiazole hydrochloride: MS (ES) m/z 308 (M+1 ). Example 92
Figure imgf000124_0001
1 -{[5-(2-Thienyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole- 5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 23 using 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(2-thienyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: MS (ES) m/z 375 (M+1 ).
Example 93
Figure imgf000124_0002
1-({5-[4-(Methyloxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 23 using 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[4-(methyloxy)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: MS (ES) m/z 399 (M+1 ).
Example 94
Figure imgf000124_0003
1 -(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 23 using 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonithle and 2,2,2-thfluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate: MS (ES) m/z 293 (M+1 ).
Example 95
Figure imgf000125_0001
1-({5-[2-(Methylthio)-3-pyridinyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 23 using 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile and 3-[3-(chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-2-(methylthio)pyridine: MS (ES) m/z 416 (M+1 ).
Example 96
Figure imgf000125_0002
1 -[(5-Phenyl-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 23 using 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-phenyl-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: MS (ES) m/z 369 (M+1 ).
Example 97
Figure imgf000126_0001
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 23 using 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile and 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan: MS (ES) m/z 359 (M+1 ).
Example 98
Figure imgf000126_0002
1 -{[5-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 23 using 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: MS (ES) m/z 388 (M+1 ).
Example 99
Figure imgf000126_0003
1-({5-[2-(Methyloxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 23 using 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[2-(methyloxy)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: MS (ES) m/z 399 (M+1 ).
Example 100
Figure imgf000127_0001
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 23 using 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: MS (ES) m/z 437 (M+1 ).
Example 101
Figure imgf000127_0002
1,1 -Dimethylethyl [5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]acetate
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile and 1 ,1 -dimethylethyl bromoacetate: MS (ES) m/z 325 (M+1 ).
Example 102
Figure imgf000127_0003
1 -{[3-(2-Pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole- 5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000128_0001
A. [5-Cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]acetic acid
Synthesized as described in Example 31 B from 1 , 1 -dimethylethyl [5-cyano-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1-yl]acetate: MS (ES) m/z 269 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000128_0002
B. 1 -{[3-(2-Pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 37 from [5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indol-1-yl]acetic acid: MS (ES) m/z 370 (M+1 ).
Example 103
Figure imgf000128_0003
1-({3-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}methyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 37 from [5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indol-1-yl]acetic acid and Λ/-hydroxy-3,5- bis(thfluoromethyl)benzenecarboximidamide: MS (ES) m/z 503 (M-1 ).
Example 104
Figure imgf000129_0001
1-{[5-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 35C from [5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indol-1 -yl]acetic acid: MS (ES) m/z 405 (M+1 ).
Example 105
Figure imgf000129_0002
1 -{[5-(2-Pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole- 5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 35C from [5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indol-1 -yl]acetic acid and 2-pyhdinecarbohydrazide: MS (ES) m/z 370 (M+1 ).
Example 106
Figure imgf000129_0003
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 35C from [5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indol-1-yl]acetic acid and 5-bromo-3-pyridinecarbohydrazide: MS (ES) m/z 448 and 450 (M+1 Br isotopes). Example 107
Figure imgf000130_0001
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-2-furanyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 35C from [5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indol-1 -yl]acetic acid and 5-bromo-2-furancarbohydrazide: MS (ES) m/z 437 and 439 (M+1 Br isotopes).
Example 108
Figure imgf000130_0002
1 -{[5-(4-Methyl-1 ,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 35C from [5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indol-1-yl]acetic acid and 4-methyl-1 ,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carbohydrazide: MS (ES) m/z 391 (M+1 ).
Example 109
Figure imgf000130_0003
1-{[5-(2,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 35C from [5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indol-1-yl]acetic acid and 2,5-difluorobenzohydrazide: MS (ES) m/z 405 (M+1 ). Example 110
Figure imgf000131_0001
1-{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 35C from [5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indol-1-yl]acetic acid and 3,5-difluorobenzohydrazide: MS (ES) m/z 405 (M+1 ).
Example 111
Figure imgf000131_0002
3-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000131_0003
A. 3-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile To an ice-cold solution of 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonithle (0.047 g,
0.22 mmol) in DMF (2 ml_), under N2, was added a solution of NBS (0.043 g, 0.24 mmol) in DMF (0.5 ml_). The mixture was stirred in the ice bath for 30 min and then at rt for 1 h. The mixture was partitioned between Et2O and an aqueous solution of Na2S2Oa. The organic phase was washed with water and sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by radial chromatography (5-50% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3 + few drops of CD3OD) δ 11.52 (bs, 1 H), 7.61 (d, J ■■ 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.48-7.45 (m, 2H).
Figure imgf000132_0001
B. 3-Bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 3-bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile: MS (ES) m/z 515 and 517 (M+1 Br isotopes).
Example 112
Figure imgf000132_0002
3-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000132_0003
A. 3-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To an ice-cold solution of 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonithle (0.015 g, 0.071 mmol) in DMF (2 ml_), under N2, was added a solution of NCS (0.011 g, 0.079 mmol) in DMF (0.5 ml_). The mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h and then heated at 750C for 40 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between Et2O and 0.1 N HCI. The organic phase was washed with water and sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by radial chromatography (50-100% CH2CI2 hexanes gradient, followed by 1-5% MeOH- CH2CI2 gradient) to afford the title compound (0.014 g, 82% yield): MS (ES) m/z 245 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000133_0001
B. 3-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[3-(trif luoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile: MS (ES) m/z 471 (M+1 ).
Example 113
Figure imgf000133_0002
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile To an ice-cold solution of 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 60D) (0.025 g, 0.057 mmol) in TFA (1 ml_) was added NaCNBH3 (0.050 g, 0.79 mmol) in portions. After addition, the mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between CH2CI2 and 0.2N NaOH. The organic phase was washed with water and sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-30% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) and the product was crystallized from CH2CI2-hexanes to give the title compound as a white solid (0.013 g, 52% yield): MS (ES) m/z 439 (M+1 ). Example 114
Figure imgf000134_0001
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole
Figure imgf000134_0002
A. 4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole
A solution of 2-methyl-1-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (10.00 g, 48.8 mmol), pyrrolidine (4.44 ml_, 53.7 mmol) and dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (19.8 ml_, 146 mmol) in DMF (100 ml_) was heated at 100°C for 4 h, cooled and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between Et2θ/H2θ, the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with Et2θ (x3). Combined organics were washed (H2O, brine), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in THF/MeOH (1 :1 , 200 ml_), and transferred to a 3-necked flask equipped with an overhead stirrer, reflux condenser, and dropping addition funnel. Raney-Ni (Raney® 2800 slurry in water, 10 g) was added in one portion and the entire apparatus was thoroughly flushed with N2. The mixture was heated to 60°C, under N2, and a solution of hydrazine monohydrate (8 ml_) in THF/MeOH (1 :1 , 20 ml_) was added dropwise over 1 h. The mixture was heated at 60°C for 1 h, cooled, and filtered through a pad of Celite®. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was partitioned between Et2O/H2O, the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with Et2O (x3). Combined organics were washed (10% HCI, H2O, brine), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (EtOAc/hexanes), affording 5.17 g of the title compound as a light brown liquid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, methanol-d4) δ 7.61 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.39 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.32 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.19 (partially resolved dd, J « 8.4, 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.59 (br. s, 1 H).
Figure imgf000135_0001
B. 1 -(Phenylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole
To a solution of 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole (0.535 g, 2.89 mmol; step A above), tetrabutylammonium bromide (0.097 g, 0.30 mmol) and benzenesulfonyl chloride (0.44 ml_, 3.5 mmol) in PhMe (5 ml_) at rt was added 50 wt% NaOH (3 ml_) and H2O (2 ml_). The mixture was stirred 30 min, partitioned between Et2O/H2O and the layers were separated. The organic layer was washed (H2O, brine), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (EtOAc/hexanes), affording 0.771 g of the title compound as a thick, pale yellow oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, methanol-d4) δ 8.25 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 8.00-7.94 (m, 2H), 7.88 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.65-7.58 (m, 1 H), 7.57-7.41 (m, 4H), 6.87 (br. s, 1 H).
Figure imgf000135_0002
C. 2-Methyl-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole
To a solution of 1-(phenylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole (60.0 g, 184.6 mmol) in THF (300 ml_) at 00C was added n-BuLi (88.6 ml_ of a 2.50 M solution in hexanes), dropwise over 5 min. The mixture was stirred 1 h and methyl iodide (23.0 ml_, 369.2 mmol) was added dropwise over 5 min. The mixture was stirred at 0°C for 2.5 h and then overnight, slowly warming to rt, poured into water and extracted with Et2O (x3). Combined organics were washed (H2O, brine), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (EtOAc/hexanes), affording 26.0 g of the title compound as a colorless oil: MS (ES) m/z 338 (M-1 ).
Figure imgf000136_0001
D. 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole
A mixture of 2-methyl-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole (13.5 g, 39.82 mmol; step C above) and K2CO3 (27.5 g) in MeOH/H2O (2:1 , 300 ml_) was heated at reflux temperature. After 14 h the mixture was cooled and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between Et2O/H2O, the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with Et2O (x2). Combined organics were washed (H2O, brine), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified via column chromatography (SiO2, 1 :1 EtOAc/hexanes eluent), affording 11.0 g of the deprotected indole as a yellow oil: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.43 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.35 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.15 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.46 (s, 1 H), 2.48 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 200 (M+1 ).
Example 115
Figure imgf000136_0002
1 -(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole and (bromomethyl)cyclopropane: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.45 (d, J ■ 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.35 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.16 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.45 (s, 1 H), 4.02 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 1.18 (m, 1 H), 0.56 (m, 2H), 0.34 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 254 (M+1 ).
Example 116
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.31 (s, 1 H), 8.24 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.83 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.64 (m, 2H), 7.38 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.22 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1 H), 6.52 (s, 1 H), 5.45 (s, 2H), 2.66 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 426 (M+1 ).
Example 117
Figure imgf000137_0002
5-Bromo-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole
Figure imgf000137_0003
A. 1 -Acetyl-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 H-indole A mixture of 2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole (Example 114D) (0.48 g, 2.41 mmol) was dissolved in HOAc (3.0 ml_), cooled to 0°C and NaBH3CN (0.454 g, 7.23 mmol) was added in one portion. After 5 min the mixture was removed from the cooling bath and stirred at rt for 14h. The mixture cooled to 0°C and the pH was adjusted to ca. 13 by addition of 1 N NaOH (20 ml_) and further addition of solid NaOH pellets. The mixture was extracted with Et2O (x3), combined organics were washed (H2O, brine), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in dry CH2CI2 (10 ml_) and treated with DMAP (0.884 g, 7.23 mmol). The mixture was cooled to 0°C and Ac2O (0.455 ml_, 4.81 mmol) was added dropwise via syringe. The mixture was stirred overnight, slowly warming to rt, diluted with CH2CI2, washed (10% HCI, H2O, brine), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (EtOAc/hexanes), affording 0.25 g of the title compound as a pale yellow oil: MS (ES) m/z 244 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000138_0001
B. 1-Acetyl-5-bromo-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 H-indole
To a solution of 1-acetyl-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 H-indole (0.100 g, 0.45 mmol; step A above) in acetic acid (1.0 ml_) at rt was added bromine (0.035 ml_; 0.68 mmol). More bromine (0.020 ml_, 0.39 mmol) was added after 14 h. After another 5 h, the mixture was slowly added to sat'd NaHCO3 and extracted with Et2O (x3). Combined organics were washed (H2O, brine), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (EtOAc/hexanes), affording 0.090 g of the title compound as a white solid: MS (ES) m/z 324 (M+2 isomer).
Figure imgf000138_0002
C. 5-Bromo-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 H-indole
A mixture of 1-acetyl-5-bromo-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 H-indole (0.130 g, 0.404 mmol; step B above) and NaOH (0.086 g; 2.15 mmol) in MeOH/H2O (4:1 ; 13 ml_) was heated at reflux 3 h. The solvent was removed, the residue was partitioned between Et2O/H2O, and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with Et2O (x2). Combined organics were washed (H2O, brine), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo, affording 0.090 g of the title compound as a pale yellow oil which was used without further purification: MS (APCI) m/z 282 (M+H, 81Br).
Figure imgf000139_0001
D. 5-Bromo-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole
To a solution of 5-bromo-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 H-indole (0.09 g, 0.320 mmol; step C above) in 1 ,4-dioxane (5 ml_) at rt was added DDQ (0.110 g, 0.48 mmol) in one portion. After 1 h, the mixture was poured into water and extracted with Et2O (x3). Combined organics were washed (1 N NaOH, H2O, brine), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (EtOAc/hexanes), affording 0.056 g of the title compound as a pale yellow solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.07 (bs, 1 H), 7.36 (m, 1 H), 7.25 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.47 (s, 1 H), 2.48 (s, 3H).
Example 118
Figure imgf000139_0002
5-Bromo-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 5-bromo-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole and (bromomethyl)cyclopropane: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.38 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.26 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.49 (s, 1 H), 3.99 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 1.14 (m, 1 H), 0.56 (m, 2H), 0.32 (m, 2H); MS (ES) mlz 332 (M+1 , isotope for Br) and 334 (M+1 , isotope for Br).
Example 119
Figure imgf000140_0001
5-Bromo-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 5-bromo-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.31 (s, 1 H), 8.23 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.84 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.65 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.44 (s, 2H), 6.58 (s, 1 H), 5.41 (s, 2H), 2.63 (s, 3H).
Example 120
Figure imgf000140_0002
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000140_0003
A. Λ/-[4-Chloro-2-(1 -propyn-1 -yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2,2- dimethylpropanamide
A triethylamine (300 ml_) solution of N-[4-chloro-2-iodo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- 2,2-dimethylpropanamide (Example 60A) (40 g, 98.6 mmol) was treated with 1- propyne (39.5 g, 988 mmol) followed by copper iodide (0.94 g, 4.9 mmol) and PdCI2(PPh3)2 (6.9 g, 9.8 mmol) in a Parr Bomb at -78°C. The reaction vessel was purged with N2, sealed and heated gradually to 50°C overnight, then cooled to -78°C. The cooled mixture was diluted with Et2O and filtered through celite. The Et2O solution was washed with water once, brine once, and dried (MgSO4). Filtration and concentration in vacuo followed by radial chromatography (SiO2, 0- 10% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) afforded the title compound as a yellow solid (20.5 g, 65%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.70 (s, 1 H), 8.60 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.38 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.33 (s, 9H); MS (ES) m/z 318 (M+1 ) and 320 (M+1 , isotope).
Figure imgf000141_0001
B. 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000141_0002
2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
An NMP solution (150 ml_) of Λ/-[4-chloro-2-(1 -propyn-1 -yl)-3- (thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamide (10 g, 31.5 mmol) was treated with CuCN (11.3 g, 126 mmol) and the resulting mixture was heated at 1950C for 90 h. Two reactions were carried out simultaneously. The combined dark brown reaction mixture was poured into crushed ice (250 ml_) containing cone, ammonium hydroxide (100 ml_). The resulting slurry was stirred with the addition of Et2O and filtered through celite. The filtrate was diluted with Et2O and partitioned. The aqueous portion was extracted with Et2O four times. The combined organic portions were washed with brine and dried (MgSO4). Filtration and concentration in vacuo followed by radial chromatography (SiO2, 0-60% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) afforded the title compound as a solid (9 g, 64%) : 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.45 (s, 1 H), 7.50 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.47 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.54 (s, 1 H), 2.52 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 225 (M+1 ).
Alternative route to 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000142_0001
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
NNHH,, OO I
A. 1,1-Dimethylethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-butenoate
A solution of 1 ,1-dimethylethyl 3-oxobutanoate (50 g, 0.32 mol) in MeOH (320 ml_) and 30% ammonium hydroxide (280 ml_) was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The solution was neutralized carefully with cone. HCI (200 ml_), partially concentrated at reduced pressure and extracted with EtOAc (2 x 300 ml_). Combined organic phases were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford 1 ,1-dimethylethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-butenoate as an oil that crystallized on standing (54 g, 100% yield): 1H NMR (DMSO-Cf6) δ 7.63 (bs, 1 H), 6.79 (bs, 1 H), 4.18 (s, 1 H), 1.74 (s, 3H), 1.35 (s, 9H).
Figure imgf000143_0001
B. 4-Amino-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol
A stirred mixture of a solution of 4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol (100 g, 0.48 mol) in EtOH (800 ml_) and 10% palladium on carbon (10 g, wet Degussa type E101 ) was hydrogenated overnight at rt and atmospheric pressure. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo to afford amino-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenol as a beige solid (85 g, 100% yield): 1H NMR (DMSO-cfe) δ 8.88 (s, 1 H), 6.76-6.67 (m, 3H), 4.84 (s, 2H).
Figure imgf000143_0002
C. 2-(Trifluoromethyl)-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1 ,4-dione
A solution of 4-amino-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol (in six separate reaction mixtures with 11.6 g , .065 mols of compound each, for a total of 70 g, 0.40 mol or compound) in 2.5 M H2SO4 (120 ml_ per reaction mixture, for a total of 720 ml_) was added dropwise to a stirred suspension of MnO2 (13.0 g, .15 mol per reaction, for a total of 78 g, 0.9 mol) in 2.5 M H2SO4 (120 ml_ per reaction mixture, for a total of 720 ml_) with external cooling; the reaction temperature was maintained between 6-8°C during addition. After stirring an additional 30 min, each reaction mixture was filtered and the cake washed with CH2CI2 until it showed no evidence of desired product (TLC Rf ~ 0.8; CH2CI2 on silica gel). The organic phase was separated, dried over MgSO4, filtered through a small plug of silica gel (to remove inorganic salts) and the CH2CI2 filtrate concentrated to 300 ml_ (final combined volumne) at atmospheric pressure (note: use atmospheric pressure distillation to avoid sublimation of quinone). The resulting quinone solution was used in the next step without further purification. Estimated total yield was 54 g (64% yield) of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1 ,4-dione in CH2CI2 (300 ml_, ~1 M): 1H NMR (CDCI3) δ 7.10 (s, 1 H), 6.90 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.87 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 1 H).
Figure imgf000144_0001
D. 1,1 -Dimethylethyl 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-3- carboxylate
A stirred solution of 1 ,1-dimethylethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-butenoate (47.6 g, 0.3 mol) in EtOH (100 ml_) was treated dropwise at ambient temperature with a 1.2 M solution of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1 ,4-dione in CH2CI2 (300 ml_, 0.35 mol) (internal temperature rose to +35°C during the addition). The reaction was stirred 1 h and concentrated at reduced pressure. Stirring the resulting material with CHCI3 at ice-bath temperature afforded 1 ,1-dimethylethyl 5-hydroxy- 2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-3-carboxylate as an off-white solid which was collected by filtration (62 g, 66% yield): 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 11.55 (s, 1 H), 9.68 (bs, 1 H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 6.76 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 1.45 (s, 9H).
Figure imgf000144_0002
E. 1 ,1 -Dimethylethyl 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-5-{[(trifluoromethyl)- sulfonyl]oxy}-1 H-indole-3-carboxylate
A stirred solution of 1 ,1-dimethylethyl 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-3-carboxylate (62 g, 0.197 mol), DIEA (56 ml_, 0.321 mol) and PhN(Tf)2 (78 g, 0.218 mol) in CH3CN (300 ml_) was heated at reflux temperature for 2 h. The reaction was cooled to ambient temperature, diluted with EtOAc (1.1 L) and extracted with water (500 ml_); the aqueous layer was back extracted with EtOAc (250 ml_). Combined EtOAc layers were washed with 0.1 N NaOH (3 x 500 ml_), 2 M H3PO4 (1 x 500 ml_) and water (1 x 500 ml_). The EtOAc layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, concentrated and the resulting material crystallized from MTBE; filtration afforded 1 ,1-dimethylethyl 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-5- {[(trifluoromethyl)-sulfonyl]oxy}-1 H-indole-3-carboxylate as a white crystalline solid (66 g, 75% yield): 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 12.39 (s, 1 H), 7.77 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.29 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 1.48 (s, 9H).
Figure imgf000145_0001
F. 1,1 -Dimethylethyl 5-cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-3- carboxylate
To a stirred solution of 1 ,1-dimethylethyl 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-5- {[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]oxy}-1 H-indole-3-carboxylate (20.2 g, 45.2 mmol) in NMP (150 ml_) was added deionized water (8 ml_) and N2 was passed through the solution for 10 min with the aid of a glass pipette. 1 ,1 '-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (2.49 g, 4.49 mmol) and tris(dibenzylidineacetone)dipalladium(0) (2 g, 2.18 mmol) were added and the solution was stirred under N2 atmosphere at rt for 15 min. Zinc cyanide (3.95 g, 33.6 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred an additional 10 min at rt. The reaction mixture was gradually heated to 800C (internal temperature) and maintained at this temperature for 3 h. After cooling to 35°C, the mixture was diluted with MTBE (100 ml_) and washed with water (100 ml_). The aqueous layer was back extracted with MTBE (2 x 100 ml_) and the combined MTBE layers were washed with water (4 x 125 ml_) and dried over MgSO4. The organic phase was filtered through a glass fritted funnel and the MTBE filtrate was stirred over decolorizing charcoal for 15 min. The charcoal mixture was filtered through a plug of silica gel (75 g) and the filtrate was concentrated at reduced pressure. Remaining material was triturated with hot MTBE, then diluted with i-octane, cooled to -15°C and filtered to afford 1 ,1-dimethylethyl 5-cyano-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-3-carboxylate as a beige solid (12.5 g, 85% yield): 1H NMR (DMSO-de) δ 12.54 (s, 1 H), 7.77 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.70 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 9H); MS (ES): m/z 323 (M-1 ).
Figure imgf000146_0001
G. 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
A rapidly stirred mixture of the product from the previous step (12.5 g, 38.54 mmol), p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (0.71 g, 3.7 mmol) and toluene (110 ml_) was heated at reflux for 1 h. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, diluted with EtOAc (50 ml_) and washed with satd. NaHCO3 solution (2 x 75 ml_). The organic phase was dried over MgSO4, filtered, concentrated at reduced pressure and crystallized from toluene; this provided 2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile as an off-white solid (7.5 g, 87% yield): analytical data matched those of Example 120.
Example 121
Figure imgf000146_0002
I^CyclopropylmethyO^-methyl^^trifluoromethylJ-IH-indole-S-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and (bromomethyl)cyclopropane: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.48 (S, 2H), 6.57 (s, 1 H), 4.04 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 1.16 (m, 1 H), 0.60 (m, 2H), 0.34 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 279 (M+1 ).
Example 122
Figure imgf000147_0001
2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]acetamide
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 2-bromoacetamide: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.82 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.71 (bs, 1 H), 7.67 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.35 (bs, 1 H), 6.55 (s, 1 H), 4.89 (s, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 282 (M+1 ).
Example 123
Figure imgf000147_0002
1-(2,2-Dimethylpropyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 1-bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.51 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.45 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.59 (s, 1 H), 3.94 (s, 2H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 1.01 (s, 9H); MS (ES) m/z 295 (M+1 ).
Example 124
Figure imgf000148_0001
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
An acetonitrile solution (120 ml_) of 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile (Example 120) was treated with CS2CO3 (16.98 g, 52.26 mmole) and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (13.72 g, 52.26 mmole). The resulting heterogeneous mixture was heated to 5O0C for 3 h and then mixture was allowed to stir overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (50 ml_) and then concentrated. The resulting brown solid was suspended in EtOAc (25OmL) and filtered. The isolated solids were rinsed with EtOAc. The filtrate was washed with water (3 x 250 ml_). The combined organic portions were extracted with EtOAc (1 x 100 ml_). The combined organic portions were dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated to a brown solid. Thorough drying was followed by trituration with boiling EtOH (200 ml_). The mixture was cooled on ice for ca. 45 min and then isolated via filtration. The solid was rinsed with cold EtOH. The resulting off-white solid was was redissolved in EtOAc and concentrated to a solid, which was dried under vacuum: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.31 (s, 1 H), 8.24 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.85 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.67 (m, 2H), 7.56 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.65 (s, 1 H), 5.47 (s, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 451 (M+1 ).
Alternatively, 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile was synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile and 3- (chloromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole. Example 125
Figure imgf000149_0001
2-Methyl-1 -(1 ,3-thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 4-(chloromethyl)-1 ,3-thiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.80 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.50 (m, 2H), 6.75 (s, 1 H), 6.64 (s, 1 H), 5.50 (s, 2H), 2.53 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 322 (M+1 ).
Example 126
Figure imgf000149_0002
i-KS-CyanophenylJmethyl^-methyl-^trifluoromethylJ-IH-indole-S- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 3-(bromomethyl)benzonitrile: 1H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCI3) δ 7.56 (m, 1 H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.21 (s, 1 H), 7.12 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 6.69 (s, 1 H), 5.40 (s, 2H), 2.43 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 340 (M+1 ).
Example 127
Figure imgf000150_0001
1-({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-methyl- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.49 (s, 2H), 8.09 (s, 1 H), 7.67 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.55 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.65 (s, 1 H), 5.50 (s, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 519 (M+1 ).
Example 128
Figure imgf000150_0002
1-{[5-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.68 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.63 (s, 1 H), 5.44 (s, 2H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.49(s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 402 (M+1 ).
Example 129
Figure imgf000151_0001
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-1H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.54 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.51 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.70 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 1 H), 6.63 (s, 1 H), 6.11 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 1 H), 5.32 (s, 2H), 2.55 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 373 (M+1 ).
Example 130
Figure imgf000151_0002
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000151_0003
A. 1,1 -Dimethylethyl [5-cyano-2-methyl-4-(trif luoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 ■ yljacetate Synthesized as described in Example 35A using using 2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile: MS (ES) m/z 339 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000152_0001
B. [5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]acetic acid
Synthesized as described in Example 35B using 1 ,1 -dimethylethyl [5-cyano-2- methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]acetate: MS (ES) m/z 283 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000152_0002
C. 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 37 using [5-cyano-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]acetic acid and Λ/-hydroxy-3- (thfluoromethyl)benzenecarboximidamide: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.28 (s, 1 H), 8.20 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.77 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.60 (m, 3H), 6.69 (s, 1 H), 5.60 (s, 2H), 2.65 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 473 (M+Na).
Example 131
Figure imgf000153_0001
1-({3-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}methyl)-2-methyl- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 37 using [5-cyano-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]acetic acid and Λ/-hydroxy-3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenecarboximidamide: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.47 (s, 2H), 8.02 (s, 1 H), 7.61 (m, 2H), 6.71 (s, 1 H), 5.62 (s, 2H), 2.65 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 519 (M+1 ).
Example 132
Figure imgf000153_0002
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]-1,3,4- oxadiazol-2-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 35C using [5-cyano-2-methyl-4- (thfluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]acetic acid and 6-(trifluoromethyl)-3- pyridinecarbohydrazide: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.27 (s, 1 H), 8.54 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 8.11 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 8.08 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.78 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.66 (s, 1 H), 6.03 (s, 2H), 2.58 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 474 (M+Na).
Example 133
Figure imgf000154_0001
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 35C using [5-cyano-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indol-1 -yl]acetic acid and 5-bromo-3-pyridinecarbohydrazide: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.05 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1 H), 8.93 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.48 (dd, J = 2.0 and 1.7 Hz, 1 H), 8.07 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.77 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.65 (s, 1 H), 5.99 (s, 2H), 2.58 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 462 (M+1 , isotope for Br) and 464 (M+1 , isotope for Br)
Example 134
Figure imgf000154_0002
2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]-Λ/-ethylacetamide
Isolated as a side product from the synthesis of Example 132: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.27 (bs, 1 H), 7.82 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.67 (d, J = 8.4 Hz,
1 H), 6.55 (s, 1 H), 4.90 (s, 2H), 3.10 (m, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 1.01 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 310 (M+1 ).
Example 135
Figure imgf000155_0001
2-Methyl-1-{[5-(3-pyridinyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 35C using [5-cyano-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]acetic acid and 3-pyridinecarbohydrazide: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.08 (s, 1 H), 8.78 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 1 H), 8.27 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.08 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.77 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.60 (dd, J =7.8 and 4.9 Hz, 1 H), 6.65 (s, 1 H), 6.00 (s, 2H), 2.57 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 384 (M+1 ).
Example 136
Figure imgf000155_0002
Λ/-[4-({2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trif luoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 - yl]ethyl}oxy)phenyl]acetamide
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and Λ/-{4-[(2-bromoethyl)oxy]phenyl}acetamide: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 9.72 (s, 1 H), 8.00 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.69 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.39 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 6.72 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 6.55 (s, 1 H), 4.65 (t, J = 5.0 Hz, 2H), 4.21 (t, J = 5.0 Hz, 2H), 2.55 (s, 3H), 1.95 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 402 (M+1 ).
Example 137
Figure imgf000156_0001
1-{2-[(6-Fluoro-3-pyridinyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole- 5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 5-[(2-bromoethyl)oxy]-2-fluoropyridine. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 8.00 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.76 (s, 1 H), 7.69 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.45 (m, 1 H), 7.03 (dd, J = 9.0 and 3.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.54 (s, 1 H), 4.69 (t, J = 5.1 Hz, 2H), 4.35 (t, J = 5.1 Hz, 2H), 2.56 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 364 (M+1).
Example 138
Figure imgf000156_0002
1-{[5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 35C using [5-cyano-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]acetic acid and 4-fluorobenzohydrazide: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.07 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.96 (dd, J = 8.7 and 5.4 Hz, 2H), 7.77 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.41 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.65 (s, 1 H), 5.97 (s, 2H), 2.57 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 401 (M+1 ).
Example 139
Figure imgf000157_0001
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-(2-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy}ethyl)- 1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000157_0002
A. Methyl [5-cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]acetate
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile, methyl bromoacetate (1.5 eq), and Cs2CO3 (1.5 eq): MS (ES) m/z 295 (M-1 ).
Figure imgf000157_0003
B. 1 -(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile
A solution of methyl [5-cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]acetate (0.200 g, 6.76 mmol) in THF (5 ml_) was cooled to O0C and treated with LiBH4 (0.51 ml_, 2M in THF). After 2 h, the reaction was partitioned between Et2O and water. Drying (Na2SO4), filtration, and concentration was followed by column chromatography (SiO2, hexanes/EtOAc) to afford the title compound (0.137 g): MS (ES) m/z 269 (M+ 1 ).
Figure imgf000158_0001
C. 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -(2-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2- pyridinyl]oxy}ethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile A solution of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile (0.130 g, 0.49 mmol) in CH2CI2 (3 ml_) at O0C was treated with DBAD (0.302 g, 1.31 mmol), PPh3 (0.343 g, 1.31 mmol) and 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2(1H)- pyridinone (0.87 g, 0.53 mmol). The mixture was allowed to slowly warm to rt and then stirred for 14 h. Concentration was followed by column chromatography (SiO2, hexanes/EtOAc) to afford the title compound (0.160 g): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.36 (s, 1 H), 7.75 (dd, J = 8.8 and 2.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.56 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.50 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.71 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 6.57 (s, 1 H), 4.67 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 4.54 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.54 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 414 (M+1 ).
Example 140
Figure imgf000158_0002
3-Fluoro-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000158_0003
A. 3-Fluoro-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile To a solution of 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.063 g, 0.28 mmol) in CH2CI2 (4 ml_) was added 1-fluoropyridinium triflate (0.104 g, 0.42 mmol) and stirred at rt for 3 days. The mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and 0.1 N HCI. The organic phase was washed with 0.1 N HCI and sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (10-50% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.015 g, 22% yield, 94% purity): MS (ES) m/z 243 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000159_0001
B. 3-Fluoro-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 23 from 3-fluoro-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3- (thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: MS (ES) m/z 469 (M+1 ).
Example 141
Figure imgf000159_0002
1-{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-3-fluoro-2-methyl-4- (trif luoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 23 from 3-fluoro-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5- difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: MS (ES) m/z 437 (M+1 ).
Example 142
Figure imgf000160_0001
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -(1 -{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}ethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000160_0002
A. 1 -(1 -Cyanoethyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 23 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile, 2-bromopropionitrile (2 eq) and Cs2CO3 (2 eq) with heating at 9O0C for 30 min. After aqueous workup, purification by flash chromatography afforded 1 -(1 -cyanoethyl)-2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonithle (0.033 g, 27% yield) (MS (ES) m/z 278 (M+1 )) and 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.043 g, 35% yield) (MS (ES) m/z 278 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000160_0003
B. (1Z)-2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxypropanimidamide
Synthesized as described in Example 32A from 1-(1-cyanoethyl)-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile: MS (ES) m/z 311 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000160_0004
C. 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -(1 -{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}ethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 32B from (1Z)-2-[5-cyano-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indol-1 -yl]-Λ/-hydroxypropanimidamide and 3- (thfluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride: MS (ES) m/z 465 (M+1).
Example 143
Figure imgf000161_0001
1 -{1 -[3-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]ethyl}-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000161_0002
A. Methyl 2-[5-cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-1- yljpropanoate
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile, methyl 2-bromopropanoate (1.5 eq) and Cs2CO3 (1.5 eq): MS (ES) m/z 311 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000161_0003
B. 2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]propanoic acid
Synthesized as described in Example 9B from methyl 2-[5-cyano-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i H-indol-1 -yl]propanoate: 1H NMR (400 MHz, acetone-d6) δ 7.79 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.62 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.63 (s, 1 H), 5.61 (qt, J = 7.3 Hz, 1 H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 1.79 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H).
Figure imgf000162_0001
C. 1 -{1 -[3-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]ethyl}-2-methyl-4- (trif luoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 37 from 2-[5-cyano-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]propanoic acid and 4-fluoro-Λ/- hydroxybenzenecarboximidamide using MeCN as the solvent, and HATU (1.05 eq), DIEA (1.05 eq), instead of EDCI, for the first coupling step: MS (ES) m/z 415 (M+1 ).
Example 144
Figure imgf000162_0002
1 -{1 -[3-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-1 -methylethyl}-2-methyl-4- (trif luoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000162_0003
A. Methyl 2-[5-cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]-2- methylpropanoate
To a solution of methyl 2-[5-cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1- yl]propanoate (0.065 g, 0.209 mmol) in THF (1 ml_) was added iodomethane (0.59 g, 4.18 mmol), followed by dropwise addition of t-BuOK (1 M in THF, 0.63 ml_, 6.3 mmol). After 10 min, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and 0.1 N HCI. The organic phase was washed with sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound: MS (ES) m/z 325 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000163_0001
B. 2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]-2- methylpropanoic acid
Synthesized as described in Example 9A from methyl 2-[5-cyano-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-2-methylpropanoate: MS (ES) m/z 311 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000163_0002
C. 1 -{1 -[3-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-1 -methylethyl}-2- methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 37 from 2-[5-cyano-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i H-indol-1 -yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid and 4-fluoro-Λ/- hydroxybenzenecarboximidamide using MeCN as the solvent, and HATU (1.05 eq), DIEA (1.05 eq), instead of EDCI, for the first coupling step: MS (ES) m/z 429 (M+1 ).
Example 145
Figure imgf000163_0003
2-[5-Cyano-2-ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]acetamide
Figure imgf000164_0001
A. 2-Ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 120 (first method) from 1-butyne: MS (ESI): m/z 237 (M-1 ).
Figure imgf000164_0002
B. 2-[5-Cyano-2-ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]acetamide
2-Ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.004 g, 0.018 mmol) Cs2CO3 (0.051 g, 0.16 mmol), and 2-bromoacetamide (0.022 g, 0.16 mmol) were combined in CH3CN (3 ml_) and heated at 9O0C under N2 for 1 hr. Extraction with Et2O and washing with water and brine was followed by drying (Na2SO4), filtration, and concentration in vacuo. Purification (SiO2, EtOAc/ hexanes) afforded the title compound (0.020 g): MS (ESI): m/z 296 (M+1 ).
Example 146
Figure imgf000164_0003
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-ethyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 145B from 2-ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 3-bromo-5-[5-(chloromethyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl]pyridine: MS (ESI): m/z 476 (M-1 ).
Example 147
Figure imgf000165_0001
2-Ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol- 3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 145B from 2-ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole. MS (ESI): m/z 465 (M+1 ).
Example 148
2-Ethyl-1 -(1 -ethylpropyl)-4-(trif luoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 145B from 2-ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 3-bromopentane: MS (ESI): m/z 309 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000165_0003
1-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2-ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile To a slurry of hexanes-washed NaH (0.0112 g, 0.279 mmol) in DMF (1 ml_) at 0°C was added a solution of 2-ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.0332 g, 0.139 mmol) in DMF (1 ml_), dropwise over 3 min. The mixture was stirred 30 min and bromomethylcyclopropane (0.030 ml_, 0.28 mmol) was added via syringe. The mixture was stirred 5 h at rt, diluted with Et2O, poured into water, and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with Et2O (x2), combined organics were washed (H2O, brine), dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by RP-HPLC (Ciβ column, MeCN/H2O with 0.1 % TFA), affording 0.0261 g of the title compound as a colorless oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.55-7.47 (m, 2H), 6.59 (s, 1 H), 4.07 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.84 (q, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.44 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H), 1.24-1.01 (m, 1 H), 0.66-0.57 (m, 2H), 0.41-0.32 (m, 2H).
Example 150
Figure imgf000166_0001
2-Ethyl-1 -(2-propen-1 -yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 149 from 2-ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile and allyl bromide: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.49 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.42 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.60 (s, 1 H), 5.93 (ddt, J = 17.7, 10.4, 4.3 Hz, 1 H), 5.18 (app. d, J = 10.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.80-4.73 (m, 3H), 2.78 (q, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.40 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H).
Example 151
Figure imgf000166_0002
1-({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-ethyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 145B from 2-ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 5-[3,5-bis(thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole: MS (ESI): m/z 533 (M+1 ).
Example 152
Figure imgf000167_0001
1-{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-ethyl-4- (trif luoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 145B from 2-ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole: MS (ESI): m/z 433 (M+1 ).
Example 153
Figure imgf000167_0002
i-tCyclopropylmethyO^-propyl^-ttrifluoromethyO-IH-indole-δ-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000167_0003
A. 2-Propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in a Example 60 using 1-pentyne: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.57 (bs, 1 H), 7.51 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.47 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.54 (s, 1 H), 2.79 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H)., 1.79 (m, 2H), 1.02(t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 253 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000168_0001
B. 1 -(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and (bromomethyl)cyclopropane: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.49 (s, 2H), 6.57 (s, 1 H), 4.05 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), , 2.76 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.83 (m, 2H), 1.16 (m, 1 H), 1.08 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H), 0.60 (m, 2H), 0.35 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 307 (M+1 ).
Example 154
Figure imgf000168_0002
2-Propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazole-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
A mixture of 2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.050 g, 0.20 mmol), 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.062 g, 0.24 mmol), Cs2CO3 (0.078 g, 0.24 mmol) and CH3CN (4 ml_) was stirred at 750C for 1.5 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (25 ml_), washed with water (15 ml_), and brine (15 ml_). Drying (MgSO4), filtration, and concentration were followed by purification (SiO2; 0-30% EtOAc in hexanes) to afford the title compound (0.070 g, 74%) as a white solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.30 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.24 (s, 1 H), 8.07 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.03 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.84 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.75 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.59 (s, 1 H), 5.88 (s, 2H), 2.89 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.78-1.61 (m, 2H), 0.98 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H); MS m/z 479 (M+H).
Example 155
Figure imgf000169_0001
1 -({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
A mixture of 2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.040 g, 0.16 mmol), 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.058 g, 0.17 mmol), Cs2CO3 (0.057 g, 0.17 mmol) and CH3CN (4 ml_) was stirred at 750C for 1.5 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (25 ml_), washed with water (15 ml_), and brine (15 ml_). The organic portion was dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated. The concentrated material was treated with 10% Et2O in hexanes (10 ml_) and stirred for 2 h. The resulting solid was filtered, rinsed with hexanes, and dried to afford the title compound (0.070 g, 81 %) as a light tan solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.53 (s, 2H), 8.50 (s, 1 H), 8.03 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.75 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.59 (s, 1 H), 5.90 (s, 2H), 2.90 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.79-1.70 (m, 2H), 0.98 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H); MS m/z 547 (M+H).
Example 156
Figure imgf000170_0001
1-{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 155 using 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5- difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.050 g, 0.22 mmol) to afford the title compound (0.069 g, 78%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.02 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.75-7.63 (m, 4H), 6.59 (s, 1 H), 5.90 (s, 2H), 2.88 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.78-1.68 (m, 2H), 0.98 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H); MS m/z 447 (M+H).
Example 157
Figure imgf000170_0002
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 155 using 3-bromo-5-[5- (chloromethyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]pyhdine (0.048 g, 0.17 mmol) to afford the title compound (0.065 g, 83%) as a tan solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.04 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1 H), 8.94 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.46 (t, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.06 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.77 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.61 (s, 1 H), 5.99 (s, 2H), 2.89 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.79-1.69 (m, 2H), 0.99 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H); MS m/z 491 (M+H).
Example 158
Figure imgf000171_0001
2-[5-Cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]acetamide
Synthesized as described in Example 155 using 2-bromoacetamide (0.055 g, 0.40 mmol) to afford the title compound (0.069 g, 82%) as a tan solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 7.82 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.71 (bs, 1 H), 7.67 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.35 (bs, 1 H), 6.51 (s, 1 H), 4.91 (s, 2H), 2.69 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.73- 1.64 (m, 2H), 0.97 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H); MS m/z 310 (M+H).
Example 159
Figure imgf000171_0002
2-Butyl-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000171_0003
A. 2-Butyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 60 using 1-hexyne: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.53 (s, 1 H), 7.50 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.47 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.54 (s, 1 H), 2.81 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.74 (m, 2H), 1.39 (m, 2H), 0.96 (t, J =7.3 Hz, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 267 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000172_0001
B. 2-Butyl-1 -(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-butyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and (bromomethyl)cyclopropane: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCb) δ 7.48 (s, 2H), 6.57 (s, 1 H), 4.05 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), , 2.78 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.50 (m, 2H), 1.14 (m, 1 H), 1.00 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.60 (m, 2H), 0.35 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 321 (M+1 ).
Example 160
Figure imgf000172_0002
2-Butyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol- 3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
A mixture of 2-butyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole -5-carbonithle (0.050 g, 0.19 mmol), 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.054 g, 0.21 mmol), Cs2CO3 (0.067 g, 0.21 mmol) and CH3CN (4 ml_) was stirred at 750C for 1.5 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (25 ml_), washed with water (15 ml_), and brine (15 ml_). Drying (MgSO4) and filtration was followed by concentration. The resulting material was treated with 10% Et2O in hexanes (10 ml_) and stirred for 2 h. The resulting solid was filtered, rinsed with hexanes and dried to afford the title compound (0.070 g, 76%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.30 (d, J = 7.8Hz, 1 H), 8.23 (s, 1 H), 8.06 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.03 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.84 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.75 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.58 (s, 1 H), 5.88 (s, 2H), 2.92 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.74-1.66 (m, 2H), 1.44-1.35 (m, 2H), 0.90 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H); MS m/z 493 (M+H).
Example 161
Figure imgf000173_0001
1-({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-butyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 160 using 5-[3,5- bis(thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.055 g, 0.17 mmol) to afford the title compound (0.069 g, 82%) as a tan solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.53 (s, 2H), 8.50 (s, 1 H), 8.02 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.75 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.59 (s, 1 H), 5.90 (s, 2H), 2.94 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.76-1.69 (m, 2H), 1.46-1.36 (m, 2H), 0.92 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H); MS m/z 561 (M+H).
Example 162
Figure imgf000173_0002
2-Butyl-1-{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 160 using 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5- difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.048 g, 0.21 mmol) to afford the title compound (0.076 g, 88%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.02 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.75-7.63 (m, 4H), 6.58 (s, 1 H), 5.87 (s, 2H), 2.91 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 1.73-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.44-1.35 (m, 2H), 0.90 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H); MS m/z 461 (M+H). Example 163
Figure imgf000174_0001
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-butyl-4- (trif luoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 160 using 3-bromo-5-[5-(chloromethyl)- 1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]pyhdine (0.045 g, 0.17 mmol) to afford the title compound (0.054 g, 71 %) as a tan solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.04 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1 H), 8.94 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 8.46 (t, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.06 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.77 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.60 (s, 1 H), 5.99 (s, 2H), 2.92 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.74-1.66 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.36 (m, 2H), 0.91 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H); MS m/z 504 and 506 (M+H, bromine isotopes).
Example 164
Figure imgf000174_0002
2-[2-Butyl-5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]acetamide
Synthesized as described in Example 160 using 2-bromoacetamide (0.052 g, 0.38 mmol) to afford the title compound (0.053 g, 87%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.82 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.71 (bs, 1 H), 7.67 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.35 (bs, 1 H), 6.50 (s, 1 H), 4.91 (s, 2H), 2.71 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.68-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.34 (m, 2H), 0.91 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H); MS m/z 324.
Example 165
Figure imgf000175_0001
2-Cyclopropyl-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Figure imgf000175_0002
A. 2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 60 using ethynylcyclopropane: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.57 (bs, 1 H), 7.48 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.46 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 6.41 (s, 1 H), 2.02 (m, 1 H), 1.08 (m, 2H), 0.88 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 251 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000175_0003
B. 2-Cyclopropyl-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1/-/-indole-5-carbonithle and (bromomethyl)cyclopropane: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.48 (s, 2H), 6.37 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.19 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 1.92 (m, 1 H), 1.24 (m, 1 H), 1.11 (m, 2H), 0.86 (m, 2H), 0.61 (m, 2H), 0.39 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 305 (M+1 ).
Example 166
Figure imgf000176_0001
1-({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2- cyclopropyl-A-ftrifluoromethylJ-IH-indole-S-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile and 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(chloromethyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.50 (s, 2H), 8.09 (s, 1 H), 7.67 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.56 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.50 (s, 1 H), 5.68 (s, 2H), 2.14 (m, 1 H), 1.16 (m, 2H), 0.93 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 545 (M+1 ).
Example 167
Figure imgf000176_0002
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile and 5-[3-(thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.32 (s, 1 H), 8.24 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.85 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.66 (m, 2H), 7.55 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.49 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.65 (s, 2H), 2.15 (m, 1 H), 1.16 (m, 2H), 0.91 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 477 (M+1 ).
Example 168
Figure imgf000177_0001
i-dS-tS-Bromo-S-pyridinylJ-I.S^-oxadiazol^-yllmethy^^-cyclopropyl-A- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile and 3-bromo-5-[5-(chloromethyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl]pyridine: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.05 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1 H), 8.82 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1 H), 8.39 (m, 1 H), 7.69 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.59 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.52 (s, 1 H), 5.80 (s, 2H), 2.06 (m, 1 H), 1.19 (m, 2H), 0.92 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 488 (M+1 , isotope for Br) and 490 (M+1 , isotope for Br).
Example 169
Figure imgf000177_0002
2-Cyclopropyl-1-{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.67 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.57(m, 3H), 7.05 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.48 (s, 1 H), 5.64 (s, 2H), 2.13 (m, 1 H), 1.15 (m, 2H), 0.92 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 445 (M+1 ).
Example 170
Figure imgf000178_0001
2-[5-Cyano-2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]acetamide
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile and 2-bromoacetamide: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.82 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.71 (bs, 1 H), 7.67 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.35 (bs, 1 H), 6.37 (s, 1 H), 5.02 (s, 2H), 1.94 (m, 1 H), 0.99 (m, 2H), 0.77 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 308 (M+1 ).
Example 171
Figure imgf000178_0002
i-tCyclopropylmethylJ^^-methylpropylJ-A-ttrifluoromethylJ-IH-indole-S- carbonitrile
Figure imgf000178_0003
A. 2-(2-Methylpropyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 60 using 4-methyl-1-pentyne: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.39 (bs, 1 H), 7.51 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.48 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.54 (s, 1 H), 2.68 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.04 (m, 1 H), 0.99 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H); MS (ES) m/z 267 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000179_0001
B. 1 -(CyclopropylmethylJ^-^-methylpropyO-^trifluoromethylJ-i H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-(2-methylpropyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile and (bromomethyOcyclopropane. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.50 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.48 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.56 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.05 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), , 2.67 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.07 (m, 1 H), 1.15 (m, 1 H), 1.03 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H), 0.58 (m, 2H), 0.35 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 321 (M+1 ).
Example 172
Figure imgf000179_0002
1-({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-(2- methylpropyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-(2-methylpropyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile and 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3- (chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.48 (s, 2H), 8.09 (s, 1 H), 7.66 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.54 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.65 (s, 1 H), 5.50 (s, 2H), 2.84 (d, J = IA Hz, 2H), 2.14 (m, 1 H), 1.08 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H); MS (ES) m/z 561 (M+1 ).
Example 173
Figure imgf000180_0001
2-(2-Methylpropyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-(2-methylpropyl)-4- (thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile and 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3- (chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.30 (s, 1 H), 8.22 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.85 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.66 (m, 2H), 7.54 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.63 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.48 (s, 2H), 2.84 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.14 (m, 1 H), 1.08 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H); MS (ES) m/z 493 (M+1 ).
Example 174
Figure imgf000180_0002
1-{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-(2-methylpropyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-(2-methylpropyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5- difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.66 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.56 (m, 3H), 7.05 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.63 (s, 1 H), 5.46 (s, 2H), 2.83 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.13 (m, 1 H), 1.07 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H); MS (ES) m/z 461 (M+1 ).
Example 175
Figure imgf000181_0001
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2-methylpropyl)- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-(2-methylpropyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile and 3-bromo-5-[5-(chloromethyl)-1 ,3,4- oxadiazol-2-yl]pyhdine: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.04 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1 H), 8.84 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.43 (m, 1 H), 7.68 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.59 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.67 (s, 1 H), 5.63 (s, 2H), 2.82 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.13 (m, 1 H), 1.08 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H); MS (ES) m/z 504 (M+1 , isotope for Br) and 506 (M+1 , isotope for Br).
Example 176
Figure imgf000181_0002
2-[5-Cyano-2-(2-methylpropyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]acetamide Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-(2-methylpropyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile and 2-bromoacetamide: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.82 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.71 (bs, 1 H), 7.67 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.34 (bs, 1 H), 6.51 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.91 (s, 2H), 2.61 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.95 (m, 1 H), 0.92 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H); MS (ES) m/z 324 (M+1 ).
Example 177
Figure imgf000182_0001
S-Bromo-i-tcyclopropylmethylJ^-methyl-A-ttrifluoromethylJ^.S-dihydro-IH- indole
Synthesized as described in Example 113 using 5-bromo-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)- 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.33 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.42 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.94 (m, 1 H), 3.43 (m, 1 H), 3.22 (m, 1 H), 2.82 (m, 2H), 1.30 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H), 0.92 (m, 1 H), 0.55 (m, 1 H), 0.50 (m, 1 H), 0.23 (m, 1 H), 0.15 (m, 1 H); MS (ES) m/z 334 (M+1 , isotope for Br) and 336 (M+1 , isotope for Br).
Example 178
Figure imgf000182_0002
5-Bromo-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole Synthesized as described in Example 113 using 5-bromo-2-methyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H- indole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.36 (s, 1 H), 8.28 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.85 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.67 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.35 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.56 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.55 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.43 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.04 (m, 1 H), 3.46 (m, 1 H), 2.85 (m, 1 H), 1.44 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 506 (M+1 , isotope for Br) and 508 (M+1 , isotope for Br).
Example 179
Figure imgf000183_0001
i-fCyclopropylmethylJ^-methyl-^trifluoromethylJ^S^ihydro-IH-indole-S- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 113 using 1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2-methyl- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.44 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.41 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.12 (m, 1 H), 3.43 (m, 1 H), 3.29 (dd, J = 14.9 and 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 2.92 (dd, J = 14.9 and 7.4 Hz, 1 H), 2.79 (m, 1 H), 1.31 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H), 0.94 (m, 1 H), 0.60 (m, 1 H), 0.51 (m, 1 H), 0.26 (m, 1 H), 0.19 (m, 1 H); MS (ES) m/z 281 (M+1 ).
Example 180
Figure imgf000183_0002
2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-yl]acetamide
Synthesized as described in Example 113 using 2-[5-cyano-2-methyl-4- (thfluoromethyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]acetamide: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.63 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.49 (bs, 1 H), 7.17 (bs, 1 H), 6.52 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.00 (m, 1 H), 3.97 (d, J = 17.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.80 (d, J = 17.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.42 (m, 1 H), 2.75 (m, 1 H), 1.23 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 284 (M+1 ).
Example 181
Figure imgf000184_0001
2-Methyl-1 -(1 ,3-thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 113 using 2-methyl-1-(1 ,3-thiazol-4- ylmethylH-ttrifluoromethyO-I H-indole-δ-carbonitrile: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.30 (s, 1 H), 7.48 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.37 (s, 1 H), 6.29 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.77 (d, J = 18.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.69 (d, J = 18.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.12 (m, 1 H), 3.57 (m, 1 H), 2.95 (m, 1 H), 1.39 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 324 (M+1 ).
Example 182
Figure imgf000184_0002
1-[(3-Cyanophenyl)methyl]-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3<lihydro-1H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 113 using 1-[(3-cyanophenyl)methyl]-2- methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.60 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.54 (s, 1 H), 7.49 (m, 2H), 7.43 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.26 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.49 (d, J = 16.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.38 (d, J = 16.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.00 (m, 1 H), 3.53 (m, 1 H), 2.90 (m, 1 H), 1.33 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 342 (M+1 ).
Example 183
Figure imgf000185_0001
1-({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-methyl- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 113 using 1-({5-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-methyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.53 (s, 2H), 8.10 (s, 1 H), 7.51 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.65 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.65 (d, J = 16.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.55 (d, J = 16.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.22 (m, 1 H), 3.52 (m, 1 H), 2.89 (m, 1 H), 1.48 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 521 (M+1 ).
Example 184
Figure imgf000185_0002
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 113 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1- ({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.35 (s, 1 H), 8.28 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.86 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.68 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.51 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.66 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.63 (d, J = 16.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.38 (d, J = 16.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.21 (m, 1 H), 3.51 (m, 1 H), 2.86 (m, 1 H), 1.47 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 453 (M+1 ). Example 185
Figure imgf000186_0001
1-{[5-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4- (trif luoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 113 using 1-{[5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.49 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.65 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.61 (d, J = 16.5 Hz, 1 H), 4.51 (d, J = 16.5 Hz, 1 H), 4.16 (m, 1 H), 3.48 (m, 1 H), 2.88 (m, 1 H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 2.52 (s, 1 H), 1.46 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 404 (M+1 ).
Example 186
Figure imgf000186_0002
2-Methyl-4-(trif luoromethyl)-1 -{[5-(trif luoromethyl)-2-f uranyl]methyl}-2,3- dihydro-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 113 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1- {[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.48 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.72 (s, 1 H), 6.50 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.26 (s, 1 H), 4.45 (d, J = 16.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.36 (d, J = 16.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.00 (m, 1 H), 3.45 (m, 1 H), 2.84 (m, 1 H), 1.39 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 375 (M+1 ). Example 187
Figure imgf000187_0001
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl}methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 113 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1- ({3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}methyl)-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.30 (s, 1 H), 8.23 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.77(d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.62 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.63 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.76 (d, J = 17.1 Hz, 1 H), 4.38 (d, J = 17.1 Hz, 1 H), 4.20 (m, 1 H), 3.55 (m, 1 H), 2.90 (m, 1 H), 1.47 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 453 (M+1 ).
Example 188
Figure imgf000187_0002
1 -({3-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}methyl)-2-methyl- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 113 using 1-({3-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}methyl)-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.46 (s, 2H), 8.41 (s, 1 H), 7.73 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.89 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 5.20 (d, J = 17.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.00 (d, J = 17.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.15 (m, 1 H), 3.53 (m, 1 H), 2.86 (m, 1 H), 1.32 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 521 (M+1 ). Example 189
Figure imgf000188_0001
Λ/-[4-({2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1- yl]ethyl}oxy)phenyl]acetamide
Synthesized as described in Example 113 using Λ/-[4-({2-[5-cyano-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]ethyl}oxy)phenyl]acetamide: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.75 (s, 1 H), 7.63 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.43 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.80 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.75 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.08 (m, 3H), 3.71 (m, 1 H), 3.60 (m, 1 H), 3.42 (m, 1 H), 2.78 (m, 1 H), 1.96 (s, 3H), 1.27 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 404 (M+1 ).
Example 190
Figure imgf000188_0002
2-Methyl-4-(trif luoromethyl)-1 -(2-{[5-(trif luor^methyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy}ethyl)- 2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 113 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-(2- {[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy}ethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.54 (s, 1 H), 8.01 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.61 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.90 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.75 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.59 (m, 1 H), 4.46 (m, 1 H), 4.11 (m, 1 H), 3.75 (m, 1 H), 3.61 (m, 1 H), 3.38 (m, 1 H), 2.75 (m, 1 H), 1.26 (d, J ; 6.1 Hz, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 416 (M+1 ).
Example 191
Figure imgf000189_0001
2-[5-Cyano-2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]acetamide
Figure imgf000189_0002
A. Λ/-[4-Chloro-2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2,2- dimethylpropanamide Prepared in a manner similar to Example 6OA using MeI. The ratio of the title compound, 2-methyl regioisomer to the undesired 6-methyl was 4.7 to 1 : MS (ES) m/z 293 (M+).
Figure imgf000189_0003
B. Λ/-[4-Cyano-2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2,2- dimethylpropanamide
A solution of Λ/-[4-chloro-2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2,2- dimethylpropanamide (0.257 g, 0.875 mmol) in NMP (2.5 ml_) was treated with copper cyanide (0.180 g, 2.01 mmol) and the resulting suspension was heated to 2000C in a microwave for 14 h. The cooled reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc and water and then filtered through a pad of celite. The filtrate was concentrated to a brown oil and then partitioned between Et2O and water. The aqueous portion was further extracted with Et2O and the combined organics were dried (Na2SO4), fitered, and concentrated to a brown foam. Trituration with hexanes/Et2O afforded the title compound (0.222 g) in good purity: MS (ES) m/z 285 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000190_0001
C. 4-Amino-3-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile
The crude Λ/-[4-cyano-2-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2,2- dimethylpropanamide from Example 191 B was dissolved in EtOH (5 ml_) and cone. HCI (5 ml_). The resulting mixture was heated to 7O0C for 20 min. The cooled reaction's pH was adjusted to ca. 8 with 6 N NaOH. EtOAc (20 ml_) was added and the isolated organic portion was dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound: MS (ES) m/z 201 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000190_0002
D. 4-[(Diphenylmethylidene)amino]-3-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile
To a stirred solution of 4-amino-3-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile (3.59 g, 17.9mmol) in toluene (80 ml_) was added benzophenone (3.59 g, 19.7 mmol) followed by PTSA monohydrate (0.035 g, 0.18 mmol). The reaction flask was fitted with a Dean- Stark trap and heated at reflux for 7 d. The reaction was concentrated and purified by SiO2 chromatography (5% EtOAc in hexanes) to afford 4-[(diphenylmethylidene)amino]-3-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile (5.16 g, 79%) as a yellow solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-Cl6): δ 7.71-7.01 (m, 10H), 7.65 (d, J = 8.4Hz, 1 H), 6.95 (d, J = 8.4Hz, 1 H), 2.30 (s, 3H).
Figure imgf000191_0001
E. 3-(Bromomethyl)-4-[(diphenylmethylidene)amino]-2- (trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile
To a stirred solution of the benzonitrile (3.53 g, 9.69 mmol) from step D in CCI4 (90 ml_) was added NBS (1.98 g, 11.14 mmol) and benzoyl peroxide (70%, 0.352 g, 1.45 mmol). The mixture was heated at reflux for 3 h. After cooling to ambient temperature, the reaction was diluted with CH2CI2 (100 ml_), washed with 1 N
NaOH (100 ml_), brine (10OmL), dried (MgSO4) and concentrated. Purification by Siθ2 chromatography (10% EtOAc in hexanes) afforded 3-(bromomethyl)-4- [(diphenylmethylidene)amino]-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonithle (4.08 g, 95%) as a light yellow solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 7.78 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.78- 7.11 (m, 10H), 6.91 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.78 (s, 2H).
Figure imgf000191_0002
F. 4-Amino-3-(bromomethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile
To a stirred solution of the diphenylmethylidene from step E (0.250 g, 0.56 mmol) in THF (4 ml_) was added 2N HCI (0.4 ml_). After stirring at rt for 2 h, the reaction was partitioned in EtOAc /hexanes (20 ml_; 1 :2). The layers were separated and the organic portion was dried (MgSO4) and concentrated. Purification by Siθ2 chromatography (10-50% EtOAc in hexane2) afforded 4-amino-3-(bromomethyl)- 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonithle (0.073 g, 50%) as a yellow solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 7.61 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.98 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.82 (bs, 2H), 4.71 (s, 2H).
Figure imgf000192_0001
G. {[6-Amino-3-cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}(triphenyl) phosphonium bromide
A solution of the benzyl bromide (0.430 g, 1.54 mmoL) from step F and triphenylphosphine (0.404 g, 1.54 mmoL) in toluene (15 ml_) was stirred at reflux for 18 h. After cooling to rt, the reaction was diluted with Et2O (60 ml_) and stirred for 30 min. The resulting solid was filtered, rinsed with Et2O, and dried to afford {[6-amino-3-cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}(triphenyl)phosphonium bromide (0.570 g, 68%) as a light yellow solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 7.87-7.83 (m, 3H), 7.70-7.59 (m, 13H), 6.83 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 6.45 (s, 2H), 5.13 (bs, 2H).
Figure imgf000192_0002
H. 2,4-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a mixture of the phosphonium bromide (0.560 g, 1.0 mmoL) from step G and Na2CO3 (0.329 g, 3.0 mmoL) in THF (20 mmol) at 50C was added TFAA (0.44 ml_, 3.0 mmoL) over 15 min. The reaction was allowed to warm to rt and stir for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated then diluted with anhydrous DMF (15 ml_) and stirred at 1000C for 18 h. The reaction was poured into water (100 ml_) and extracted with Et2O (2 x 60 ml_). The combined organic portions were washed with sat'd NaHCO3 (50 ml_) and brine (50 ml_). Drying (MgSO4), filtration, and concentration was followed by purification (SiO2, 20% EtOAc in hexanes) to afford 2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.258 g, 90%) as a white solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.25 (bs, 1 H), 7.95 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.89 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.27 (s, 1 H); MS m/z 279 (M+H).
Figure imgf000193_0001
I. 2-[5-Cyano-2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]acetamide
A mixture of the indole (0.05O g, 0.18 mmoL) from step H, Cs2CO3 (0.117 g, 0.36 mmol), 2-bromoacetamide (0.050 g, 0.36 mmol) and CH3CN (4ml_) was stirred at 800C for 6 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (25 ml_), washed with water (15 ml_) and brine (15 ml_). Drying (MgSO4) was followed by concentration. The concentrated material was treated with 10% Et2O in hexanes (10 ml_) and stirred for 2 h. The resulting solid was filtered, rinsed with hexanes, and dried to afford the title compound (0.055 g, 92%) as a white solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- d6) δ 8.17 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.98 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.75 (bs, 1 H), 7.39 (bs, 1 H), 7.36 (s, 1 H), 5.11 (s, 2H); MS m/z 358 (M+Na).
Example 192
Figure imgf000193_0002
2,4-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
A mixture of 2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.050 g, 0.18 mmol), Cs2CO3 (0.064 g, 0.20 mmoL), 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.052 g, 0.20 mmoL) and CH3CN (4 ml_) was stirred at 750C for 18 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (25 ml_) and washed with water (15 ml_) and brine (15ml_). Drying (MgSO4), filtration, and concentration was followed by purification (SiO2, 0-30% EtOAc in hexanes) to afford the title compound (0.056 g, 62%) as a white solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 8.34 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.29 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H) 8.23 (s, 1 H), 8.09- 8.06 (m, 2H), 7.83 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.48 (s, 1 H), 6.03 (s, 2H); MS m/z 527 (M+Na).
Example 193
Figure imgf000194_0001
1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2,4- bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 192 using 3-bromo-5-[5-(chloromethyl)- 1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]pyhdine (0.040 g, 0.17 mmol) to afford the title compound (0.055 g, 59%) as a white solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.03 (s, 1 H) 8.95 (s, 1 H), 8.46 (s, 1 H), 8.36 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.12 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.51 (s, 1 H), 6.14 (s, 2H); MS m/z 517 (M+H).
Example 194
Figure imgf000194_0002
1 -{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2,4- bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 192 using 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5- difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.040 g, 0.17 mmoL) to afford the title compound (0.043 g, 63%) as a white solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.34 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 8.08 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.72-7.65 (m, 3H), 7.49 (s, 1 H), 6.02 (s, 2H); MS m/z 495 (M+Na).
Example 195
Figure imgf000195_0001
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000195_0002
A. 4-Bromo-3-chloro-2-nitroaniline
3-Chloro-2-nit.ro aniline (5.0 g, 28.97 mmol) and NBS (5.42 g, 30.42 mmol) were combined in THF (200 ml_) and stirred at rt for 15 h. Concentration and purification (Siθ2, EtOAc/hexanes) afforded the title compound (0.84 g): 1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.46 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1 H), 6.63 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1 H), 4.7 (s, 2H); MS (ESI) m/z 253 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000195_0003
B. 4-Bromo-3-chloro-1,2-benzenediamine
To a stirred solution of 4-bromo-3-chloro-2-nitroaniline (0.200 g, 0.797 mmol) in EtOH (100 ml_), was added SnCI2-2H2O (0.9 g, 3.985 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 3.5 h. The cooled solution (to rt) was diluted with H2O and the pH was adjusted to ca. 10 with Na2CO3. Extraction with CHCI3 (x3), was followed by washing with brine, drying over Na2SO4, and filtration. Concentration afforded an orange solid that was dried under vacuum to obtain 0.17 g product: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.92 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.51 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 3.40 (s, 2H); MS (ESI) m/z 223 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000196_0001
C. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-2-ethyl-1 H-benzimidazole
4-Bromo-3-chloro-1 ,2-benzenediamine (0.17 g, 0.766 mmol), propionic acid (0.17 g, 2.298 mmol), and 4 N HCI (1.724 ml, 6.894 mmol) were combined and heated to 14O0C for 3 h. Treatment with 1 N NaOH was followed by extraction with EtOAc (x3), and washing with brine. The dried (Na2SO4) organic portions were filtered, concentrated, and chromatographed (SiO2, MeOH/ CH2CI2) to obtain 0.177 g of the title compound: 1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.50 (broad s, 1 H), 7.43 (d, J = 8.31 Hz, 1 H), 7.35 (broad s, 1 H), 2.96 (q, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.43 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H); MS (ESI) m/z 261 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000196_0002
D. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-2-ethyl-1 -(2,2,2-trif luoroethyl)-1 H-benzimidazole
5-Bromo-4-chloro-2-ethyl-1 H-benzimidazole (0.049 g, 0.188 mmol), trifluoroethyl triflate (0.065 g, 0.282 mmol), and Cs2CO3 (0.092 g, 0.282 mmol) were combined in DMF (5 ml_) and the resulting solution was heated to 9O0C for 30 min. The reaction mixture was partitioned between H2O and Et2O and further extracted with Et2O. The combined organic portions were washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatography (SiO2, EtOAc/ hexanes) allowed separation of the regioisomers. 0.083 g of desired regioisomer was isolated: 1NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.5 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.2 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 4.6 (q, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 2.9 (q, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.45 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H); MS (ESI) m/z 343 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000197_0001
E. 4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 H-benzimidazole-5- carbonitrile
5-Bromo-4-chloro-2-ethyl-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 /-/-benzimidazole (0.036 g, 0.106 mmol) and CuCN (0.020 g, 0.222 mmol) were combined in NMP (3 ml_) and heated to 22O0C for 20 min in a micowave. The cooled mixture was partitioned between Et2θ and water, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification (Siθ2, EtOAc/ hexanes) afforded the title compound (0.015 g): 1NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.56 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.34 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.68 (q, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 2.96 (q, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.45 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H); MS (ESI) m/z 288 (M+1 ).
Example 196
Figure imgf000197_0002
5-Bromo-4-chloro-2-ethyl-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1H-benzimidazole
5-Bromo-4-chloro-2-ethyl-1 /-/-benzimidazole (0.100 g, 0.385 mmol), Cs2CO3 (0.188 g, 0.578 mmol), and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole (0.152 g, 0.578 mmol) were combined in DMF (10 ml_) and heated to 9O0C for 30 min. The reaction mixture was partitioned between Et2O and water. The combined organic portions were washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification (SiO2, EtOAc/hexanes) provided the title compound 0.258 g: MS (ESI) m/z 487 (M+1 ).
Example 197
Figure imgf000198_0001
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000198_0002
A. 4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1 H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile
5-Bromo-4-chloro-2-ethyl-1H-benzimidazole (0.050 g, 0.192 mmol) and CuCN (0.030 g, 0.576 mmol) were combined in NMP (3 ml_) and heated to 22O0C for 20 min in a microwave. The cooled mixture was partitioned between Et2O and water. The organic portion was washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification (SiO2, EtOAc/hexanes) afforded the title compound (0.014 g): MS (ESI) m/z 206 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000198_0003
B. 4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1/-/-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile (0.014 g, 0.068 mmol), Cs2CO3 (0.033 g, 0.102 mmol), and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole (0.027 g, 0.102 mmol) were combined in DMF (10 ml_) and heated to 9O0C for 30 min. The cooled reaction mixture was partitioned between Et2O and water. The organic portion was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification (SiO2, EtOAc/ hexanes) afforded the title compound (0.0037 g): MS (ESI) m/z 432 (M+1 ).
Example 198
Figure imgf000199_0001
4-Chloro-1-{[5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2- ethyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 197B from 4-chloro-2-ethyl-1/-/- benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: MS (ESI) m/z 383 (M+1 ).
Example 199
Figure imgf000199_0002
1-({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-chloro-
2-ethyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 197B from 4-chloro-2-ethyl-1/-/- benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile and 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3- (chloromethyl)-i ,2,4-oxadiazole: MS (ESI) m/z 500 (M+1 ).
Example 200
Figure imgf000199_0003
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1 -{[5-(2-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-1 H- benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000200_0001
A. 1,1-Dimethylethyl ^-chloro-δ-cyano^-ethyl-IH-benzimidazol-i- yl)acetate
Synthesized as described in Example 197B from 4-chloro-2-ethyl-1/-/- benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile and 1 ,1-dimethylethyl bromoacetate: MS (ESI) m/z 320 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000200_0002
B. (4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-ethyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid
1 ,1-Dimethylethyl (4-chloro-5-cyano-2-ethyl-1/-/-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetate (0.032 g, 0.1 mmol) and Et3SiH (0.116 mg, 1 mmol) were combined in CH2CI2 /TFA (1 :1 ; 6 ml_) and stirred at rt for 5 h. Concentration was followed by pH adjustment to ca. 7 in H2O. Extraction with EtOAc, washing with brine, drying (Na2SO4), filtration, and concentration were followed by purification (SiO2, EtOAc/ hexanes) to afford the title compound (0.017 g): MS (ESI) m/z 264 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000200_0003
C. 4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1 -{[5-(2-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-1 H- benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile (4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-ethyl-1 H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid (0.017 g, 0.065 mmol) and EDCI (0.014 mg, 0.072 mmol) were combined in acetonithle (3 ml_) and stirred at rt for 3 min. 2-Pyridinecarbohydrazide (0.0094 g, 0.068 mmol) was added next and the resulting mixture was stirred for 60 min. To this solution was added THF (THF 3 ml_) followed by tosyl chloride (0.015 g, 0.078 mmol) and P- BEMP (0.148 g, 0.325 mmol, 2.2 mmol/g resin load). The reaction vessel was sealed and heated to 1000C in a microwave for 5 min. The resin was filtered away and washed with CH2CI2 (x2). The concentrated filtrate was purified (Siθ2, 25% EtOAc/hexanes) to afford the title compound (0.004 g): MS (APCI) m/z 365 (M+1 ).
Example 201
Figure imgf000201_0001
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1-({5-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl}methyl)-1 H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 200C from (4-chloro-5-cyano-2-ethyl-1/-/- benzimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid and 6-(thfluoromethyl)-3-pyhdinecarbohydrazide: MS (APCI) m/z 433 (M+1 ).
Example 202
Figure imgf000201_0002
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-1 H-benzimidazole- 5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 197B from 4-chloro-2-ethyl-1/-/- benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile and 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan: MS (ESI) m/z 354 (M+1 ). Example 203
Figure imgf000202_0001
4-Chloro-1 -(1 ,3-thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-benzimidazole-5- carbonitrile
Figure imgf000202_0002
A. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-benzimidazole
Synthesized as described in Example 195C from 4-bromo-3-chloro-1 ,2- benzenediamine and TFA: MS (ESI) m/z 301 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000202_0003
B. 4-Chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 197A from 5-bromo-4-chloro-2- (trifluoromethyl)-i H-benzimidazole and CuCN: MS (APCI) m/z 246 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000202_0004
C. 4-Chloro-1 -(1 ,3-thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 197B from 4-chloro-2-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/- benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile and 4-(chloromethyl)-1 ,3-thiazole hydrochloride: MS (ESI) m/z 343 (M+1 ).
Example 204
Figure imgf000203_0001
4-Chloro-1-{[5-(2-pyridinyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000203_0002
A. 1 ,1-Dimethylethyl [4-chloro-5-cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H- benzimidazol-1 -yl]acetate
Synthesized as described in Example 200A from 4-chloro-2-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/- benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile and 1 , 1 -dimethylethyl bromoacetate: MS (APCI) m/z 360 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000203_0003
B. [4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-benzimidazol-1 -yl]acetic acid Synthesized as described 200B from 1 ,1-dimethylethyl [4-chloro-5-cyano-2- (trifluoromethyl)-i H-benzimidazol-1 -yljacetate: MS (APCI) m/z 304 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000204_0001
C. 4-Chloro-1 -{[5-(2-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described Example 200C from [4-chloro-5-cyano-2- (thfluoromethyl)-1 H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetic acid and 2-pyridinecarbohydrazide: MS (ESI) m/z 405 (M+1 ).
Example 205
Figure imgf000204_0002
4-Chloro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazole-5- carbonitrile
MeO-v/-W-N F
\^*^N F H
A. 5-(Methyloxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-benzimidazole
Synthesized as described Example 195C from [2-amino-4- (methyloxy)phenyl]amine dihydrochloride and TFA: MS (ESI) m/z 217 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000205_0001
B. 4-Chloro-5-(methyloxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-benzimidazole
Sulfuryl chloride (0.39 ml_, 4.86 mmol) was added dropwise to a O0C solution of 5-(methyloxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-benzimidazole (1.0 g, 4.63 mmol) in HOAc (10 ml_). The ice bath was removed and the mixture was allowed to stir at rt for 2 h. The concentrated reaction mixture was suspended in a mixture of EtOAc and H2O and the pH was adjusted to 7 with saturated aqueous NaHCO3. The reaction was partitioned and the aqueous portion was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic fractions were washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound (0.93 g): MS (ESI) m/z 251 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000205_0002
C. 4-Chloro-5-(methyloxy)-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- benzimidazole
Synthesized as described in Example 195D from 4-chloro-5-(methyloxy)-2- (trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-benzimidazole and thfluoroethyl triflate: MS (ESI) m/z 333 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000205_0003
D. 4-Chloro-1 -(2,2,2-trif luoroethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-benzimidazol-
5-ol A CH2CI2 (15 mL) solution of 4-chloro-5-(methyloxy)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-benzimidazole (0.14 g, 0.422 mmol) at rt was treated dropwise with BBr3 (1 M CH2CI2, 1.055 ml, 1.055 mmol) and stirred for 2 h. The mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, adjusted to a pH of 7, and extracted with CH2CI2. The combined organic portions were washed combined with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification (SiO2; EtOAc/ hexanes) afforded the title compound (0.103 g): MS (ESI) m/z 319 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000206_0001
E. 4-Chloro-1 -(2,2,2-trif luoroethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-benzimidazol-
5-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate
A CH2CI2 (20 mL) solution of 4-chloro-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2-(thfluoromethyl)- 1/-/-benzimidazol-5-ol (0.103 g, 0.324 mmol) was treated with pyridine (0.038 g, 0.486 mmol). The cooled (O0C) reaction mixture was then treated with triflic anhydride (0.100 g, 0.356 mmol) and the reaction was allowed to warm to rt. After stirring at rt for 60 min, the solvent was removed in vacuo. The resulting residue was then dissolved in EtOAc, washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. Purification (SiO2; EtOAc/ hexanes) afforded the title compound (0.053 g): MS (ESI) m/z 451 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000206_0002
F. 4-Chloro-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-benzimidazole- 5-carbonitrile To 4-chloro-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-benzimidazol-5-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (0.053 g, 118 mmol) in DMF (3 ml_) was added zinc cyanide (0.008 g, 0.071 mmol) and palladium tetrakistriphenylphosphine (0.014 g, 0.012 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated over night under N2 atm at 14O0C. The cooled reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Purification (SiO2, EtOAc/ hexanes) afforded the title compound (0.0045 g): MS (ESI) m/z 328 (M+1 ).
Example 206
Figure imgf000207_0001
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-5-(methyloxy)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-benzimidazole
Figure imgf000207_0002
A. 2-Ethyl-5-(methyloxy)-1 H-benzimidazole
Synthesized as described in Example 195C from 4-(methyloxy)-1 ,2- benzenediamine dihydrochloride: MS (APCI) m/z 177 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000207_0003
B. 4-Chloro-2-ethyl-5-(methyloxy)-1 H-benzimidazole
Synthesized as described in Example 205B from 2-ethyl-5-(methyloxy)-1 H- benzimidazole: MS (ES) m/z 211 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000208_0001
C. 4-Chloro-2-ethyl-5-(methyloxy)-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-benzimidazole
Synthesized as described in Example 196 using 4-chloro-2-ethyl-5-(methyloxy)- 1 H-benzimidazole: MS (ES) m/z 437 (M+1 ).
Example 207
Figure imgf000208_0002
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 H-benzimidazol-5-ol
Synthesized as described in Example 205D from 4-chloro-2-ethyl-5-(methyloxy)- 1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-benzimidazole: MS (ES) m/z 423 (M+1 ).
Example 208
Figure imgf000208_0003
1 -(Cyclopropylmethyl)-5-nitro-1 H-indazole
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 5-nitro-1 H-indazole and (bromomethyl)cyclopropane to afford a mixture of regioisomers. The following data are for the title regioisomer: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.73 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.26 (dd, J = 9.3 and 2Hz, 1 H), 8.20 (s, 1 H), 7.48 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.31 (d, J= 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.35 (m, 1 H), 0.62 (m, 2H), 0.44 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 218(M+1 ).
Figure imgf000209_0001
5-Nitro-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H- indazole
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 5-nitro-1 /-/-indazole and 5- [3(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole to afford a mixture of regioisomers. The following data are for the title regioisomer: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.75 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1 H), 8.34 (m, 2H), 8.27 (m, 2H), 7.84 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.65 (m, 2H), 5.83 (s, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 389 (M+).
Example 210
Figure imgf000209_0002
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 H-indazole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000209_0003
A. 1 -Acetyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indazole-5-carbonitrile
4-Amino-3-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile (0.256 g, 1.28 mmol) prepared according to methods known in the art (see, for example, International Patent Application No. WO03062241 published July 31 , 2003) and dissolved in Ac2O (5 ml_) and spatula tip of DMAP was added. Next, the mixture was heated to ca. 9O0C for 7 h. The crude mixture was concentrated under vacuum and the resulting residue was dissolved in CH3CN (5 ml_). Next, KOAc (0.100 g, 1.02 mmol), 18-crown-6 (0.020 g, cat.) and n-amylnitrite (0.500 μl_, 52.8 mmol) were added. After 6 h at 5O0C, more KOAc (0.100 g, 1 equiv), 18-crown-6 (0.020 g, cat.) and n-amylnitrite (0.500 μl_, 37.6 mmol) were added. Heating at 5O0C was continued for another 20 h. The cooled reaction mixture was partitioned between CHCI3 (20 ml_) and extracted with 2 M aqueous Na2CO3 (20 ml_). The organic portion was dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated to an orange oil that was used for the next reaction without further purification.
Figure imgf000210_0001
B. 4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indazole-5-carbonitrile
The crude 1-acetyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indazole-5-carbonitrile from Example 210A (ca. 1.28 mmol) was dissolved in EtOH (5 ml_) and cone. HCI (5 ml_). The resulting mixture was heated to 7O0C for 20 min. The cooled reaction's pH was adjusted to ca. 8 with 6 N NaOH. EtOAc (20 ml_) was added and the isolated organic portion was dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. Purification by semipreparative HPLC afforded the title compound as a pale yellow solid (0.076 g, 28% overall): 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) 5 14.13 (s, 1 H), 8.41 (s, 1 H), 8.06 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.93 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1 H).
Figure imgf000210_0002
C. 4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1H-indazole-5-carbonitrile
Prepared in a manner similar to Example 100 using 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indazole-5-carbonitrile: 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 8.44-8.41 (m, 1 H), 8.37-8.31 (m, 3H), 8.05-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.88-7.84 (m, 1 H), 6.04 (s, 2H).
Example 211
Figure imgf000211_0001
1 -({5-[3-(Trif luoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indazole- 4,5-dicarbonitrile
Figure imgf000211_0002
A. Λ/-(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)acetamide
A solution of 3-chloro-2-methylaniline (9.0 g, 63.56 mmol) in EtOH (75 ml_) was treated with acetic anhydride (7.2 ml_, 76.31 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h. Concentration was followed by crystallization from hexanes/EtOAc (1 :3) to afford 11.2 g of the title compound: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.52 (s, 1 H), 7.30-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.17-7.13 (m, 1 H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.06 (s, 3H).
Figure imgf000211_0003
B. Λ/-(4-Bromo-3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)acetamide A suspension of Λ/-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)acetamide (11.12 g, 60.63 mmol) in acetic acid (80 ml_) was cooled to ca. 1O0C and then treated with bromine (9.28 ml_, 181.11 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. The cooled solution was then poured into water (100 ml_). The resulting solid was collected via filtration and rinsed with water. Thorough drying afforded 15.83 g of a pale yellow solid: MS (APCI) m/z 264 (M+2 isotope).
Figure imgf000212_0001
C. 4-Amino-3-methyl-1 ,2-benzenedicarbonitrile A solution of Λ/-(4-bromo-3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)acetamide (7.83 g, 29.83 mmol) in DMF (80 ml_) was treated with copper cyanide (2.67 g, 29.81 mmol) and the resulting mixture was heated to 15O0C for 4 h. The cooled solution was then poured into water (100 ml_). The resulting solid was collected via filtration. The dried solid was then treated with cone. HCI in ethanol (1 :1 , 80 ml_) and heated at reflux for 30 min. The reaction mixture was then concentrated and partitioned between EtOAc and basic water (pH adjusted to 8-9 with NaHCO3). The aqueous portion was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 50 ml_). The combined organics were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated. Purification (Siθ2, hexanes/EtOAc) afforded the biscyano product as a byproduct of the attempt to cyanate singly at the 4-position: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.24 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.47 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.69 (bs, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H).
Figure imgf000212_0002
D. 1 -Acetyl -1 H-indazole-4,5-dicarbonitrile Prepared in a manner similar to Example 21 OA using 4-amino-3-methyl-1 ,2- benzenedicarbonitrile: MS (ES) m/z 211 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000213_0001
E. 1 H-lndazole-4,5-dicarbonitrile
Prepared in a manner similar to Example 210B using 1-acetyl-1/-/-indazole-4,5- dicarbonitrile: MS (ES) m/z 169 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000213_0002
F. 1 -({5-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H- indazole-4,5-dicarbonitrile
Prepared in a manner similar to Example 100 using 1/-/-indazole-4,5- dicarbonitrile: MS (APCI) m/z 395 (M+1 ).
Example 212
Figure imgf000213_0003
4-Chloro-2-propyl-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000213_0004
A. 5-[(Phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole To a solution of 5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 /-/-indole (1.6 g, 4.4 mmol, synthesized as described in Example 22A) in THF ( 10 ml_), under N2, at - 780C, was added n-BuLi (2.5 M solution in hexanes, 2.15 ml_, 5.37 mmol) dropwise. After stirring at -780C for 30 min, propyl iodide (1.1 g, 6.6 mmol) was added. After 30 min, the -780C bath was removed. The solution was warmed to rt. 5% HCI (10 ml_) was then added and the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was washed with water and sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (20-70% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (0.79 g, 71 % yield): MS (ES) m/z 406 (M+1 ).
B. 4-Chloro-5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole
Synthesized as described in Example 22C from 5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1- (phenylsulfonyl)-2-propyl-1 /-/-indole and sulfuryl chloride: MS (ES) m/z 441 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000214_0002
C. 4-Chloro-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indol-5-ol Synthesized as described in Example 22E from 4-chloro-5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1- (phenylsulfonyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole: MS (ES) m/z 351 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000215_0001
D. 4-Chloro-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indol-5-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate
Synthesized as described in Example 22F from 4-chloro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2- propyl-1 H-indol-5-ol: MS (ES) m/z 482 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000215_0002
E. 4-Chloro-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 22G from 4-chloro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2- propyl-1 /-/-indol-5-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate: MS (ES) m/z 359 (M+1).
Figure imgf000215_0003
F. 4-Chloro-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 22H from 4-chloro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2- propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile: MS (ES) m/z 219 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000215_0004
G. 4-Chloro-2-propyl-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-chloro-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.30 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.24 (s, 1 H), 8.07 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.96 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.89-7.80 (m, 1 H), 7.77 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.58 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.84 (s, 2 H), 2.91 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2 H), 1.76- 1.47 (m, 2 H), 0.92 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 445 (M+1 ).
Example 213
Figure imgf000216_0001
4-Chloro-1 -{[5-(3,5-dif luorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-chloro-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.95 (s, 1 H), 7.80-7.61 (m, 4 H), 7.57 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.83 (s, 2 H), 3.05-2.75 (m, 2 H), 1.70-1.41 (m, 2 H), 0.92 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 413 (M+1 ).
Example 214
Figure imgf000216_0002
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3φyridinyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-chlorO-2-propyl- 1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-chloro-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile and 3-bromo-5-[5-(chloromethyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]pyridine: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.03 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 1 H), 8.94 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.46 (s, 1 H), 7.97 (s, 1 H), 7.81 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.61 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.96 (s, 2 H), 2.95-2.87 (m, 2 H), 1.75-1.48 (m, 2 H), 0.93 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 457 (M+1 ).
Example 215
Figure imgf000217_0001
4-Chloro-2-methyl-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000217_0002
A. 2-Methyl-5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-i H-indole
To a solution of 5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 /-/-indole (1.6 g, 4.4 mmol, synthesized as described in Example 22A) in THF ( 10 ml_), under N2, at - 780C, was added n-BuLi (2.5 M solution in hexanes, 2.15 ml_, 5.37 mmol) dropwise. After stirring at -780C for 30 min, methyl iodide (0.94 g, 6.6 mmol) was added. After 30 min, the -780C bath was removed. The solution was warmed to rt. 5% HCI (10 ml_) was then added and the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was washed with water and sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (20-70% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (0.8 g, 77% yield): MS (ES) m/z 478 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000218_0001
B. 4-Chloro-2-methyl-5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-i H- indole
Synthesized as described in Example 22C from 5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1- (phenylsulfonyl)-2-methyl-1H-indole: MS (ES) m/z 412 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000218_0002
C. 4-Chloro-2-methyl-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-i H-indol-5-ol
Synthesized as described in Example 22E from 4-chloro-5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1- (phenylsulfonyl)-2-methyl-1H-indole: MS (ES) m/z 322 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000218_0003
D. 4-Chloro-2-methyl-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-i H-indol-5-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate Synthesized as described in Example 22F from 4-chloro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2- methyl-1 H-indol-5-ol: MS (ES) m/z 454 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000219_0001
E. 4-Chloro-2-methyl-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 22G from 4-chloro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2- methyl-1/-/-indol-5-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate: MS (ES) m/z 331 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000219_0002
F. 4-Chloro-2-methyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 22H from 4-chloro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2- methyll-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile: MS (ES) m/z 191 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000219_0003
G. 4-Chloro-2-methyl-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-chloro-2-methyl-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.31 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1 H), 8.24 (s, 1 H), 8.06 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.94 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.87-7.79 (m, 2 H), 7.59 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.85 (s, 2 H), 2.47 (s, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 417 (M+1 ). Example 216
A-Chloro-i-dS-tS.S-difluorophenylJ-i^^-oxadiazol-S-yllmethy^^-methyl- 1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-chloro-2-methyl-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-Of6) δ 7.94 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.81 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.75-7.71 (m, 2 H), 7.69-7.63 (m, 1 H), 7.58 (dd, J = 8.7, 1.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.83 (s, 2 H), 2.47 (s, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 385 (M+1).
Example 217
Figure imgf000220_0002
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-chloro-2-methyl- 1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-chloro-2-methyl-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile and 3-bromo-5-[5-(chloromethyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]pyridine: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.05 (s, 1 H), 8.94 (s, 1 H), 8.48 (s, 1 H), 7.96 (s, 1 H), 7.85 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.63 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.96 (s, 2 H), 2.47 (s, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 429 (M+1 ).
Example 218
Figure imgf000221_0001
^({S-IS.S-bistTrifluoromethylJphenyll-i^^-oxadiazol-S-y^methylJ-A-chloro- 2-propyl-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-chloro-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile and 5-[3,5-bis(thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.53 (s, 2 H), 8.50 (s, 1 H), 7.96 (s, 1 H), 7.77 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.59 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 5.87 (s, 2 H), 2.97-2.82 (m, 2 H), 1.70-1.56 (m, 2 H), 0.97-0.89 (m, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 513 (M+1 ).
Example 219
Figure imgf000221_0002
Λ/-(4-{[2-(4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-propyl-1 H-indol-1 - yl)ethyl]oxy}phenyl)acetamide
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-chloro-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile and N-{4-[(2-bromoethyl)oxy]phenyl}acetamide: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 9.72 (s, 1 H), 7.90 (s, 1 H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.54 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.39 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2 H), 6.71 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2 H), 4.63 (t, J = 4.9 Hz, 2 H), 4.18 (t, J = 4.9 Hz, 2 H), 2.82 (t, J = 4.9 Hz, 2 H), 1.94 (s, 3 H), 1.73-1.49 (m, 2 H), 0.94 (t, J = 4.9 Hz, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 396 (M+1 ).
Example 220
Figure imgf000222_0001
4-Chloro-1-{[5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2- propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-chloro-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.94 (s, 1 H), 7.75 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.57 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.80 (s, 2 H), 2.91 (t, J = 4.9 Hz, 2 H), 2.66 (s, 3 H), 2.38 (s, 3 H), 1.71 -1.58 (m, 2 H), 0.92 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 396 (M+1 ).
Example 221
Figure imgf000222_0002
4-Chloro-1-{2-[(4-fluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2φropyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-chloro-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile and 1-[(2-bromoethyl)oxy]-4-fluorobenzene: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 7.89 (s, 1 H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.54 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), - 7.11-6.97 (m, 2 H), 6.83-6.71 (m, 2 H), 4.64 (t, 2 H), 4.20 (t, 2 H), 2.88 (t, 2 H), 1.70-1.58 (m, 2 H), 0.94 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 357 (M+1 ).
Example 222
Figure imgf000223_0001
4-Chloro-1-{2-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-propyl-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-chloro-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile and 1-[(2-bromoethyl)oxy]-2,4-difluorobenzene: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 7.89 (s, 1 H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.51 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.25-7.14 (m, 1 H), 7.08-6.99 (m, 1 H), 6.96-6.85 (m, 1 H), 4.67 (t, J = 4.9 Hz, 2 H), 4.28 (t, J = 4.9 Hz, 2 H), 2.89 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2 H), 1.73-1.57 (m, 2 H), 0.93 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 375 (M+1 ).
Example 223
Figure imgf000223_0002
^({S-IS.S-bistTrifluoromethylJphenyll-i^^-oxadiazol-S-y^methylJ-A-chloro- 2-methyl-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-chloro-2-methyl-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile and 5-[3,5-bis(thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.54 (s, 2 H), 8.49 (s, 1 H), 7.94 (s, 1 H), 7.83 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.60 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 5.87 (s, 2 H), 2.51 (s, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 485 (M+1 ).
Example 224
Figure imgf000224_0001
4-Chloro-1-{[5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2- methyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-chloro-2-methyl-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) .δ 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.81 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.58 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.81 (s, 2 H), 3.30 (s, 3 H), 2.66 (s, 3 H), 2.39 (s, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 368 (M+1 ).
Example 225
Figure imgf000224_0002
4-Chloro-1-{2-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-methyl-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-chloro-2-methyl-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile and 1-[(2-bromoethyl)oxy]-2,4-difluorobenzene: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.88 (s, 1 H), 7.76 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.50 (d, J = 8.7 Hz , 1 H), 7.26-7.15 (m, 1 H), 7.10-7.00 (m, 1 H), 6.92-6.88 (m, 1 H), 4.67 (t, J = 5.0 Hz, 2 H), 4.30 (t, J = 5.0 Hz, 2 H), 3.30 (s, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 347 (M+1 ).
Example 226
Figure imgf000225_0001
A-Chloro-i^-ItA-fluorophenylJoxylethy^^-methyl-IH-indole-S-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-chloro-2-methyl-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile and 1-[(2-bromoethyl)oxy]-4-fluorobenzene: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 7.88 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.78 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.53 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.10-6.98 (m, 2 H), 6.84-6.76 (m, 2 H), 4.63 (t, J = 5.0 Hz , 2 H), 4.22 (t, J = 5.0 Hz, 2 H), 2.49 (s, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 329 (M+1).
Example 227
Figure imgf000225_0002
Λ/-(4-{[2-(4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-methyl-1 H-indol-1 - yl)ethyl]oxy}phenyl)acetamide
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-chloro-2-methyl-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile and N-{4-[(2-bromoethyl)oxy]phenyl}acetamide: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.72 (s, 1 H), 7.89 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.77 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.39 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2 H), 6.73 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2 H), 4.62 (t, 2 H), 4.19 (t, 2 H), 2.48 (s, 3 H), 1.95 (s, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 368 (M+1 ).
Example 228
Figure imgf000225_0003
i-^S-IS.S-bisfTrifluoromethylJphenyll-i^^-oxadiazol-S-ytymethylJ^-chloro- 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000226_0001
A. Λ/-(4-Bromo-3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide
Λ/-(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide (0.5 g, 2.2 mmol) and bromine (1.4 g, 8.8 mmol) were combined in AcOH ( 25 ml_) at rt for 2 h. The residue resulting from concentration was purified by flash chromatography (20- 60% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound: MS (ES) m/z 305 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000226_0002
B. 4-Chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described for Example 191 B-H starting from Λ/-(4-bromo-3- chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide (Example 228A): MS (ES) m/z 245 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000226_0003
C. 1 -({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4- chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 228B) and 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3- (chloromethyl)-i ,2,4-oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.54 (s, 2 H), 8.51 (S, 1 H), 8.03-7.95 (m, 1 H), 7.94-7.86 (m, 1 H), 7.52 (s, 1 H), 5.99 (s, 2 H); MS (ES) m/z 539 (M+ 1 ).
Example 229
Figure imgf000227_0001
4-Chloro-1-{[5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.97 (d, J = 8.5 Hz ,1 H), 7.87 (d, J = 8.5 Hz ,1 H), 7.50 (s, 1 H), 5.93 (s, 2 H), 2.64 (s, 3 H), 2.37 (s, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 422 (M+1 ).
Example 230
Figure imgf000227_0002
1 -({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl- 1 H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile
Figure imgf000227_0003
A. 5-[(Phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole To a solution a -780C cooled (dry ice/acetone bath) of 5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1- (phenylsulfonyl)-I H-indole (1.1 g, 0.003 mol) in THF (anhydrous, 10 ml_) was added n-butyllithium (2.3 ml_ of a 1.6 M solution in hexanes) dropwise. The mixture was then warmed to -1O0C over 30 min and then cooled to -780C and 1- iodopropane (1.5 eq., 0.005 mol, 0.77 g) was added dropwise. The mixture was warmed to rt over 1 h and then stirred at rt for 20 min. Water (10 ml_) and EtOAc (100 ml_) was added. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated. Purification via semipreparative reverse-phase HPLC provided the desired product: MS (ES) m/z 406 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000228_0001
B. 4-Bromo-5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole
To a rt solution of 5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole (1.16 g, 0.0024) in acetic acid (2O mL, glacial) was added Br2 ( 1.2 g, 0.008 mol in acetic acid) dropwise. The mixture was stirred for an additional 10 min and water (10 mL) was added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (100 mL). The organic layer was separated and dried (MgSO4) and concentrated. Purification via ISCO normal phase chromatography (SiO2, 5-15% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to provide 4-bromo-5-[(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole as the regioselective bromination product: MS (ES) m/z 485 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000228_0002
C. 4-Bromo-1 -(phenylsulfonyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indol-5-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate
Synthesized as described in Example 22E and Example 22F from 4-bromo-5- [(phenylmethyl)oxy]-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole: MS (ES) m/z 527 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000229_0001
D. 1 -(Phenylsulfonyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 22G from 4-bromo-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2- propyl-1 H-indol-5-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate using 1.0 eq Zn(CN)2 and 0.05 eq. Pd(PPh3)4 in NMP at 2000C for 2 h: MS (ES) m/z 350 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000229_0002
E. 2-Propyl-1 H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 22H from 1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2-propyl-1 H- indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile: MS (ES) m/z 210 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000229_0003
F. 1 -({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2- propyl-1H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 2-propyl-1 H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile using 1.1 eq 5-[3,5-bis(thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole and 1.5 eq. Cs2CO3 in DMF at 750C for 1 h: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 8.54 (s, 2 H), 8.51 (s, 1 H), 8.15 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.86 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.70 (dd, J = 8.7, 1.5 Hz, 1 H), 5.97 (s, 2 H), 3.08 (t, 2 H), 1.82-1.68 (m, 2 H), 0.96 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 504 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000230_0001
1 -{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-1 H-indole- 4,5-dicarbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 2-propyl-1 H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.15 (s, 1 H), 7.85 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.75-7.62 (m, 4 H), 5.94 (s, 2 H), 3.06 (t, 2 H), 1.77-1.65 (m, 2 H), 0.95 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3 H): MS (ES) m/z 404 (M+1 ).
Example 232
Figure imgf000230_0002
2-Propyl-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H- indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 2-propyl-1 H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 8.30 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 8.25 (s, 1 H), 8.14 (s, 1 H), 8.07 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.90-7.80 (m, 2 H), 7.70 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 5.95 (s, 2 H), 3.06 (t, 2 H), 1.79-1.67 (m, 2 H), 0.95 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 436 (M+1 ).
Example 233
Figure imgf000231_0001
1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-1 H-indole- 4,5-dicarbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 2-propyl-1 H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile and 3-bromo-5-[5-(chloromethyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]pyhdine: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 9.05 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1 H), 8.95 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1 H), 8.48 (s, 1 H), 8.16 (s, 1 H), 7.91 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.57 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 6.05 (s, 2 H), 3.07 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2 H), 1.78-1.67 (m, 2 H), 0.96 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 448 (M+1 ).
Example 234
Figure imgf000231_0002
4-Chloro-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2- (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000231_0003
A. {[6-Amino-3-cyano-2-(chloro)phenyl]methyl}(triphenyl) phosphonium bromide
Synthesized as described for Example 191 B-G starting from Λ/-(4-bromo-3- chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide: MS (ES) m/z 429 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000232_0001
B. 4-Chloro-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
A solution of {[6-amino-3-cyano-2-(chloro)phenyl]methyl}(triphenyl) phosphonium bromide (Example 234A) (0.20 g, 0.39 mmol), HATU (0.157 g, 0.41 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (0.053 g, 0.41 mmol), and trifluoropropylcarboxylic acid (0.058 g, 0.41 mmol) in DMF (15 ml_) was stirred at 1000C for 24 h. After cooling to rt, the reaction was diluted with NaHCθ3 (50 ml_) and extracted with EtOAc (100 ml_). The organic phase was washed with water and sat'd brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (20-70% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound as a light yellow solid: MS (ES) m/z 273 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000232_0002
C. 4-Chloro-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-2-(3, 3, 3-trifluoropropyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-chloro-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)- 1 H-indole-5-carbonithle and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.31 (s, 1 H), 8.23 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.86 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.67 (dd, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.45 (s, 2 H), 6.56 (s, 1 H), 5.45 (s, 2 H), 3.27 (t, 2 H), 2.89-2.61 (m, 2 H); MS (ES) m/z 499 (M+1 ).
Example 235
Figure imgf000233_0001
4-Chloro-1-{[5-(2,6-dichloro-4-pyridinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2- propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described for Examples 32A-32B using 2-(4-chloro-5-cyano-2- propyl-1 H-indol-1-yl)-N-hydroxyethanimidamide (0.030 g, 0.1 mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 ml_) with 2,6-dichloro-4-pyridinecarbonyl chloride ( 0.021 g, 0.1 mmol) and TEA (0.012 g, 0.12 mmol) and heated at 12O0C for 1 h in the microwave: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.06 (s, 2 H), 7.96 (s, 1 H), 7.76 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.58 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 5.87 (s, 2 H), 2.91 (t, 2 H), 1.67-1.54 (m, 2 H), 0.92 (t, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 447 (M+1 ).
Example 236
Figure imgf000233_0002
4-Chloro-1-({5-[3-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-isoxazolyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 32A and Example 33 using (1Z)-2-(4- chloro-5-cyano-2-propyl-1 H-indol-1-yl)-N-hydroxyethanimidamide (0.030 g, 0.1 mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 ml_) with propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (T3P) (0.034 g, 0.12 mmol), 3-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid ( 0.0195 g, 0.1 mmol) and DIEA (0.016 mg, 0.12 mmol) and stirred at rt for 1 h and then heated at 12O0C for 2 h in the microwave: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3- of) δ 7.89 (s, 1 H), 7.52 (d, J = 8.4 Hz ,1 H), 7.46 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 5.47 (s, 2 H), 2.97 (t, 2 H), 2.55 (s, 3 H), 1.79-1.70 (m, 2 H), 1.05 (t, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 450 (M+1 ).
Example 237
Figure imgf000234_0001
4-Chloro-1 -{[5-(1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2- propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 32A and Example 33 using (1Z)-2-(4- chloro-5-cyano-2-propyl-1 H-indol-1-yl)-N-hydroxyethanimidamide (0.030 g, 0.1 mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 ml_) with propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (T3P) (0.034 g, 0.12 mmol), i ^-dimethyl-I H-pyrazole-δ-carboxylic acid (0.014 g, 0.1 mmol) and DIEA (0.016 g, 0.12 mmol) and stirred at rt for 1 h and then heated at 12O0C for 2 h in the microwave: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.90 (s, 1 H), 7.52 (d, J = 8.6 Hz ,1 H), 7.46 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.71 (s, 1 H), 5.44 (s, 2 H), 4.12 (s, 3 H), 2.97 (t, 2 H), 2.30 (s, 3 H), 1.80-1.72 (m, 2 H), 1.04 (t, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 395 (M+1 ).
Example 238
Figure imgf000234_0002
4-Chloro-1-({5-[5-chloro-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 32A and Example 33 using (1Z)-2-(4- chloro-5-cyano-2-propyl-1 H-indol-1-yl)-N-hydroxyethanimidamide (0.030 g, 0.1 mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 ml_) with propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (T3P) (0.034 g, 0.12 mmol), 5-chloro-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazole-4- carboxylic acid (0.023 g, 0.1 mmol) and DIEA (0.016 g, 0.12 mmol) and stirred at rt for 1 h and then heated at 12O0C for 2 h in the microwave: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.88 (d, J = 8.6 Hz ,1 H), 7.46 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.31 (s, 1 H), 4.99 (s, 2 H), 3.95 (s, 3 H), 2.87 (t, 2 H), 1.80-1.58 (m, 2 H), 1.01 (t, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 484 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000235_0001
4-Chloro-1 -({5-[1 -methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol- 3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 32A and Example 33 using (1Z)-2-(4- chloro-5-cyano-2-propyl-1 H-indol-1-yl)-N-hydroxyethanimidamide (0.030 g, 0.1 mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 ml_) with propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (T3P) ( 0.034 g, 0.12 mmol), 1-methyl-5-(thfluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazole-4- carboxylic acid (0.0194 g, 0.1 mmol) and DIEA (0.016 g, 0.12 mmol) and stirred at rt for 1 h and then heated at 12O0C for 2 h in the microwave: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.07 (s, 1 H), 7.88 (d, J = 0.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.45 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 5.40 (s, 2 H), 4.01 (s, 3 H), 2.96 (t, 2 H), 1.87-1.68 (m, 2 H), 1.03 (t, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 449 (M+1 ).
Example 240
Figure imgf000235_0002
4-Chloro-1 -({5-[1 -methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol- 3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 32A and Example 33 using (1Z)-2-(4- chloro-5-cyano-2-propyl-1 H-indol-1-yl)-N-hydroxyethanimidamide (0.030 g, 0.1 mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 ml_) with propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (T3P) (0.034 g, 0.12 mmol), 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazole-4- carboxylic acid ( 0.0194 g, 0.1 mmol) and DIEA (0.016 g, 0.12 mmol) and stirred at rt for 1 h and then heated at 12O0C for 2 h in the microwave: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.07 (s, 1 H), 7.88 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.45 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 5.40 (s, 2 H), 4.01 (s, 3 H), 2.96 (t, 2 H), 1.82-1.67 (m, 2 H), 1.03 (t, 3 H); MS (ES) m/z 449 (M+1 ).
Example 241
Figure imgf000236_0001
^({S-^-Chloro-S-ttrifluoromethylJphenyll-i^^-oxadiazol-S-y^methyl)^-
(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid (0.0159 g, 0.071 mmol) in CH3CN (3 ml_) was added CDI (0.0115 g, 0.071 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred for 5 min at rt. Next, 2-[5-cyano-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 64) (0.02 g, 0.071 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 1 h at rt. Heating at 15O0C in a microwave for 10 min was followed by direct purification (column chromatography, EtOAc/ hexanes) to obtain the title compound (0.0219 g): MS (ES) m/z 471 (M+1 ).
Example 242
Figure imgf000237_0001
4-Trifluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}- 1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 241 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3,4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid: MS (ES) m/z 421 (M-1 ).
Example 243
Figure imgf000237_0002
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}- 1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 241 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 2,4,6-trifluorobenzoic acid: MS (ES) m/z 423 (M+1 ).
Example 244
Figure imgf000238_0001
1-{[5-(4-Chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 241 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 4-chloro-3-fluorobenzoic acid: MS (ES) m/z 421 (M+1 ).
Example 245
Figure imgf000238_0002
1 -[(5-{3-Chloro-4-[(trifluoromethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 241 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1 -yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3-chloro-4-[(thfluoromethyl)oxy]benzoic acid: MS (APCI) m/z 488 (M+1 ).
Example 246
Figure imgf000239_0001
1-{[5-(3-Chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 241 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3-chloro-2-fluorobenzoic acid: MS (APCI) m/z 420 (M+ 1 ).
Example 247
Figure imgf000239_0002
1-{[5-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 241 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid: MS (APCI) m/z 439 (M+1 ).
Example 248
Figure imgf000240_0001
1-{[5-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 241 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 2,3-dichlorobenzoic acid: MS (ES): m/z 438 (M+1 ).
Example 249
Figure imgf000240_0002
1 -{[5-(3-Chloro-2,4-dif luorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 241 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3-chloro-2,4-difluorobenzoic acid: MS (ES) m/z 439 (M+1 ).
Example 250
Figure imgf000241_0001
1-{[5-(2,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 241 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid: MS (ES) m/z 438 (M+ 1 ).
Example 251
Figure imgf000241_0002
1-{[5-(5-Chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 241 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 5-chloro-2-fluorobenzoic acid: MS (APCI) m/z 421 (M+ 1 ).
Example 252
Figure imgf000242_0001
1-{[5-(3-Chloro-4,5-difluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 241 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3-chloro-4,5-difluorobenzoic acid: MS (APCI) m/z 440 (M+ 1 ).
Example 253
Figure imgf000242_0002
1 -{[5-(3-Chloro-2,6-dif luorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 241 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3-chloro-2,6-difluorobenzoic acid: MS (APCI) m/z 440 (M+ 1 ).
Example 254
Figure imgf000243_0001
1 -({5-[3-Chloro-2,5-difluoro-4-(1 H-imidazol-1 -yl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 241 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 3-chloro-2,4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid: MS (APCI) m/z 505 (M+1 ).
Example 255
Figure imgf000243_0002
1 -({5-[2-(1 H-lmidazol-1 -yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 241 from 2-[5-cyano-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide and 2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid except the mixture was heated to 2000C in a microwave for 20 min: MS (APCI) m/z 503 (M+1 ).
Example 256
Figure imgf000244_0001
1 -{1 -[3-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]ethyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000244_0002
A. Methyl 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]propanoate
Synthesized as described in Example 4 from 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile and methyl 2-bromopropanoate: MS (APCI) m/z 297 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000244_0003
B. 2-[5-Cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]propanoic acid
To methyl 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]propanoate (0.055 g, 0.185 mmol) in 1 :1 THF/ MeOH (4 ml_) was added 5N NaOH (0.185 ml_) and the resulting mixture was heated to 6O0C for 30 min. The cooled mixture was partitioned between Et2O and 0.1 N HCI. The separated organic portion was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. Concentration afforded the title compound (0.052 g, 99% yield): MS (APCI) m/z 283 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000245_0001
C. 1 -{1 -[3-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]ethyl}-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To 2-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]propanoic acid (0.06 g, 0.212 mmol) in CH3CN (3 ml_) was added CDI (0.034 g, 0.212 mmol). After 5 min, 4- fluoro-Λ/-hydroxybenzenecarboximidamide (0.033 g, 0.212 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt and then heated to 15O0C in a microwave for 20 min. Concentration was followed by column chromatography (EtOAc/ hexanes) to obtain the desired product (0.0065 g, 8% yield): MS (APCI) m/z 401 (M+1 ).
Example 257
Figure imgf000245_0002
1-{[5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-isoxazolyl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000245_0003
A. 3-(Chloromethyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)isoxazole
To a solution of [5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-isoxazolyl]methanol (0.2 g, 1.04 mmol) in 5 ml_ of CCI4 and 0.5 ml_ of CH2CI2 was added Ps-triphenylphosphine (3 mmol/g, 0.69 g, 2.08 mmol), and the mixture was heated at 650C for 3 h. Upon cooling, the resin was filtered off and washed with CH2CI2 and EtOAc. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness to afford the title compound as a light brown solid, which was used in the next reaction without further purification: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.75 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (t, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 6.55 (s, 1 H), 4.6 (s, 2H).
Figure imgf000246_0001
B. 1-{[5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-isoxazolyl]methyl}-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized in a manner similar to Example 23 using 2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)isoxazole: MS (ES) m/z 428 (M+1 ).
Example 258
Figure imgf000246_0002
1-[(3-Phenyl-5-isoxazolyl)methyl]-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Figure imgf000246_0003
A. 5-(Chloromethyl)-3-phenylisoxazole
Synthesized as described in Example 257A using (3-phenyl-5- isoxazolyl)methanol: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.82-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.48-7.44 (m, 3H), 6.64 (s, 1 H), 4.67 (s, 2H).
Figure imgf000247_0001
B. 1 -[(3-Phenyl-5-isoxazolyl)methyl]-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized in a manner similar to Example 23 using 2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile and 5-(chloromethyl)-3-phenylisoxazole: MS (ES) m/z 410 (M+1 ).
Example 259
Figure imgf000247_0002
1-[(3-Phenyl-5-isoxazolyl)methyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized in a manner similar to Example 23 using 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile and 5-(chloromethyl)-3-phenylisoxazole: MS (ES) m/z 368 (M+1 ).
Example 260
Figure imgf000247_0003
1-{[5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-isoxazolyl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized in a manner similar to Example 23 using 2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(4- fluorophenyl)isoxazole: MS (ES) m/z 400 (M+1 ). Example 261
Figure imgf000248_0001
2-Methyl-1-[(3-phenyl-5-isoxazolyl)methyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized in a manner similar to Example 23 using 2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile and 5-(chloromethyl)-3-phenylisoxazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, acetone-d6) δ 8.06 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.84-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.69 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.48-7.44 (m, 3H), 6.88 (s, 1 H), 6.69 (s, 1 H), 5.86 (s, 2H), 2.69 (s, 3H).
Example 262
Figure imgf000248_0002
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000248_0003
A. 1 -(Cyanomethyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.5 g, 2.23 mmol) in DMF (5 ml_) was added Cs2CO3 (1.45 g, 4.46 mmol) and bromoacetonitrile (0.54 g, 4.46 mmol). The mixture was heated at 7O0C for 10 min. Additional bromoacetonitrile (0.35 g, 2.9 mmol) was added, and heating was continued for another 10 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between Et2O and 0.1 N HCI. The organic phase was washed with sat'd brine. The combined aqueous phases were washed with Et2O, and this organic phase was washed with sat'd brine. The combined organic phases were dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated to dryness, to yield a brown solid (0.59 g), which was used in the next step without further purification: LC/MS (ES) shows 87% title compound (m/z 264 (M+1 )) and 13% starting material.
Figure imgf000249_0001
B. 2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide
To a solution of the above intermediate (0.59 g) in DMF (10 ml_) was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.62 g, 8.92 mmol). After stirring at rt for 5 min, sodium acetate (0.73 g, 8.92 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at rt for -15 h. The mixture was partitioned between Et2O and 0.1 N NaOH. The organic phase, which contained small amount of solids, was separated, and diluted with a small amount of EtOAc to make it homogeneous. The organic phase was washed with water and sat'd brine. The combined aqueous phases were extracted twice with EtOAc. These organic phases were combined and washed with water and sat'd brine. The organic phases were combined, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography, using a 30-100% EtOAc-hexanes gradient to afford the title compound (0.48 g, 73% yield for two steps): MS (ES) m/z 297 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000249_0002
C. 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile To a solution of 6-(tπfluoromethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (ref: European Journal of Organic Chemistry (2003), (8), 1569-1575) (0.032 g, 0.169 mmol) in 2 ml_ of MeCN was added DIEA (0.022 g, 0.169 mmol) and HATU (0.064 g, 0.169 mmol). After stirring at rt for 2 min, (1Z)-2-[5-cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1/-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide (0.050 g, 0.169 mmol) was added. After stirring at rt for 30 min, the mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 15O0C for 1.5 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was concentrated to dryness and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography using a 5-50% EtOAc-hexanes gradient. The product was crystallized from ChhC^-hexanes to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.035 g, 46% yield): MS (ES) m/z 452 (M+1 ).
Example 263
Figure imgf000250_0001
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized in a manner similar to Example 262C using 5-(trifluoromethyl)-3- pyridinecarboxylic acid (ref: European Journal of Organic Chemistry (2003), (8), 1559-1568): MS (ES) m/z 452 (M+1 ).
Example 264
Figure imgf000250_0002
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized in a manner similar to Example 262C using 4-(trifluoromethyl)-2- pyridinecarboxylic acid (ref: European Journal of Organic Chemistry (2003), (8), 1559-1568): MS (ES) m/z 452 (M+1 ). Example 265
Figure imgf000251_0001
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyridinyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized in a manner similar to Example 262C using 2-(trifluoromethyl)-4- pyridinecarboxylic acid (ref: European Journal of Organic Chemistry (2003), (8), 1559-1568): MS (ES) m/z 452 (M+1 ).
Example 266
Figure imgf000251_0002
i-KS-Cyclopropyl-I.S^-thiadiazol^-ylJmethyll^-propyl^-ttrifluoromethyl)- 1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 153A) (0.200 g, 0.793 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrle (30 ml_) was added Cs2CO3 (0.298 g, 0.915 mmol) and 2-(bromomethyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1 ,3,4- thiadiazole (0.300 g, 1.37 mmol). The mixture was heated under N2, for 2 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-20% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford a pure product (0.189 g, 61 % yield): MS (ES) m/z 390 (M+).
Example 267
Figure imgf000252_0001
2-Propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-1H- indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 153A) (0.100 g, 0.396 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (25 ml_) was added CS2CO3 (1.30 g, 4.00 mmol) and 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan (0.1.36 g, 0.594 mmol). The mixture was heated under N2, for 2 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-20% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford a pure product (0.189 g, 89% yield): MS (ES) m/z 400 (M+).
Example 268
Figure imgf000252_0002
1 -({5-[4-(1 ,1 -Dimethylethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 153A) (0.100g, 0.396mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (20 ml_) was added Cs2CO3 (1.30 g, 4.00 mmol) and 3-(bromomethyl)-5-[4-(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole (0.176 g, 0.596 mmol). The mixture was heated under N2, for 2 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-20% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford a pure product (0.29 g, 16% yield): MS (ES) m/z 466 (M+).
Example 269
Figure imgf000253_0001
1-({5-[2-(Methylthio)-3-pyridinyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 153A) (0.100 g, 0.396 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (20 ml_) was added Cs2CO3 (1.30 g, 4.00 mmol) and 3-[3-(chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-2-
(methylthio)pyridine (0.170 g, 0.594 mmol). The mixture was heated under N2, for 2 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-20% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford a pure product (0.152 g, 84% yield): MS (ES) m/z 458 (M+).
Example 270
Figure imgf000253_0002
2-Propyl-1 -(1 ,3-thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 153A) (0.150 g, 0.595 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (25 ml_) was added Cs2CO3 (1.90 g, 0.0595 mmol) and 4-(bromomethyl)-1 ,3-thiazole (0.159 g, 0.893 mmol). The mixture was heated under N2, for 2 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-20% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford a pure product
(0.171 g, 82% yield): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.81-8.80 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.78 (m, 2H), 6.68 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.63 (s, 1 H), 5.51 (s, 2H), 2.80-2.76 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 1.82-1.76 (q, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 1.06-1.02 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H).
Example 271
Figure imgf000254_0001
5-{[5-Cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]methyl}-2- furancarboxamide
Figure imgf000254_0002
A. 5-{[5-Cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]methyl}-2- furancarboxylic acid
To a solution of 2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 153A) (0.500 g, 1.98 mmol) in anhydrous acetonithle (25 ml_) was added Cs2CO3 (6.50 g, 20.0 mmol) along with ethyl 5-(chloromethyl)-2-furancarboxylate (0.561 g, 3.00 mmol). The mixture was heated under N2, for 2 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was mixed with 1.0N LiOH (25 ml_) and anhydrous 1 ,4-dioxane (2 5ml_) and the mixture was stirred at rt for 17 h. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with Et2O. The organics were separated and the aqueous mixture was made acidic using 1.0N HCI. The aqueous mixture was extracted with EtOAc, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to dryness to give a crude solid (0.579 g, 78%). This solid was used without further purification.
Figure imgf000255_0001
B. 5-{[5-Cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]methyl}-2- furancarboxamide
A mixture of 5-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]methyl}-2- furancarboxylic acid (0.400 g, 1.06 mmol) and SOCI2 (15 ml_) was heated to reflux for a period of 16 h. The mixture was concentrated to dryness and mixed with EtOAc (40 ml_) and concentrated NH4OH (40 ml_). The mixture was stirred at rt for 17 h and the resulting precipitate was filtered in vacuo and dried under high vacuum to give the pure final product (0.388 g, 97%): MS (ES) m/z 375 (M+).
Example 272
Figure imgf000255_0002
1-[(5-Cyano-2-furanyl)methyl]-2φropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
A solution containing 5-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1- yl]methyl}-2 -furancarboxamide (Example 271 B) (0.388 g, 1.03 mmol), pyridine (10 ml_) and CH2CI2 (25 ml_) was cooled to 0-5 0C. This mixture was mixed with POCI3 (0.792 g, 5.17 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction mixture was then partitioned between CH2CI2 and saturated NaHCO3. The organics were washed with 1.0N HCI, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0- 10% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford a pure product (0.204 g, 55% yield): MS (ES) m/z 357 (M+).
Example 273
Figure imgf000256_0001
1-(Cyanomethyl)-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 153A) (1.00 g, 3.96 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (55 ml_) was added Cs2CO3 (6.5 g, 20.0 mmol) and bromoacetonitrile (0.713 g, 5.95 mmol). The mixture was heated under N2, for 2 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-20% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford a pure product (1.1 g, 92% yield): MS (ES) m/z 292 (M+1 ).
Example 274
Figure imgf000256_0002
2-Propyl-1 -{[5-(2-thienyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile To a solution of 2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 153A) (0.150 g, 0.595 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (25 ml_) was added Cs2CO3 (0.193 g, 0.595 mmol) and 3-(bromomethyl)-5-(2-thienyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole (0.213 g, 0.893 mmol). The mixture was heated under N2, for 2 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-20% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford a pure product (0.159 g, 64% yield): MS (ES) m/z 416 (M+).
Example 275
Figure imgf000257_0001
1-{[5-(2,5-Difluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000257_0002
A. 2-[5-Cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide
Synthesized from 1 -(cyanomethyl)-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile (Example 273) in a manner similar to Example 64.
Figure imgf000258_0001
B. 1 -{[5-(2,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of (1Z)-2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (0.050 g, 0.154 mmol) in anhydrous acetonithle (2.0 ml_) under N2, was added 2,5-difluorobenzoyl chloride (0.121 g, 0.177 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.50 ml_, 5.21 mmol). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0- 25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.029 g (42% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 446 (M+).
Example 276
Figure imgf000258_0002
1 -{[5-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.050 g, 0.154 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (2.0 ml_) under N2, was added 3,4-difluorobenzoyl chloride (0.121 g, 0.177 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.50 ml_, 5.21 mmol). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.033 g (48% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 446 (M+).
Example 277
Figure imgf000259_0001
2-Propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.200 g, 0.616 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (6.0 ml_) under N2, was added 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (0.513 g, 2.46 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.0 ml_, 10.4 mmol). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.189 g (64% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 478 (M+).
Example 278
Figure imgf000259_0002
1-{[5-(3-Cyanophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4- (trif luoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of (1Z)-2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.100 g, 0.308 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (3.0 ml_) under N2, was added 3-cyanobenzoyl chloride (0.204 g, 1.23 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.50 ml_, 5.21 mmol). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.079 g (59% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 435 (M+).
Example 279
Figure imgf000260_0001
1-({5-[3-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.100 g, 0.308 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (3.0 ml_) under N2, was added 3-chloro-2-fluoro-5- (thfluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (0.321 g, 1.23 mmol) and N, N- diisopropylethylamine (0.50 ml_, 5.21 mmol). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0- 25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.066 g (40% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 530 (M+).
Example 280
Figure imgf000260_0002
2-Propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]methyl}-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.100 g, 0.308 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (3.0 ml_) under N2, was added 3,4,5-trifluorobenzoyl chloride (0.241 g, 1.23 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.5OmL, 5.21 mmol). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.065 g (45% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 464 (M+).
Example 281
Figure imgf000261_0001
1-({5-[2-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2- propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.100 g, 0.308 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (3.0 ml_) under N2, was added 2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (0.279 g, 1.23 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.50 ml_, 5.21 mmol). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.069 g (45% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 496 (M+).
Example 282
Figure imgf000262_0001
2-Propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.100 g, 0.308 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (3.0 ml_) under N2, was added 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (0.256 g, 1.23 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.50 ml_, 5.21 mmol). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.061 g (41 % yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 478 (M+).
Example 283
Figure imgf000262_0002
^({S-^-Chloro-S-ttrifluoromethylJphenyll-i^^-oxadiazol-S-y^methyl)^- propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.100 g, 0.308 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (3.0 ml_) under N2, was added 2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (0.299 g, 1.23 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.50 ml_, 5.21 mmol). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.015 g (16% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 512 (M+).
Example 284
Figure imgf000263_0001
1-{[5-(2,5-Dichloro-3-thienyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.100 g, 0.308 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (3.0 ml_) under N2, was added 2,5-dichloro-3-thiophenecarbonyl chloride (0.265 g, 1.23 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.50 ml_, 5.21 mmol). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.055g (37% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 485 (M+1 ).
Example 285
Figure imgf000263_0002
1-{[5-(2,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4- (trif luoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.05 g, 0.154 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (10.0 ml_) under N2, was added 2,5-dichlorobenzoyl chloride (0.111 g, 0.529 mmol) and triethylamine (1.OmL, 13.6 mmol). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.031 g (42% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 479 (M+1 ).
Example 286
Figure imgf000264_0001
1-{[5-(2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.05 g, 0.154 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (10.0 ml_) under N2, was added 2-bromo-5-chlorobenzoyl chloride (0.134 g, 0.529 mmol) and triethylamine (1.0 ml_, 13.6 mmol). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.029 g (36% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 523 (M+1 ).
Example 287
Figure imgf000264_0002
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-2-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.05 g, 0.154 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (10.0 ml_) under N2, was added 5-bromo-2-chlorobenzoyl chloride (0.134 g, 0.529 mmol) and triethylamine (1.0 ml_, 13.6 mmol). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.021 g (26% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 523 (M+1 ).
Example 288
Figure imgf000265_0001
1-{[5-(2-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4- (trif luoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.100 g, 0.308 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (10.0 ml_) under N2, was added 2-chloro-3-pyridinecarbonyl chloride (0.186 g, 1.10 mmol) and triethylamine (1.OmL, 13.6 mmol). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.047 g (40% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 445 (M+).
Example 289
Figure imgf000266_0001
1-{[5-(2,5-Dichloro-3-pyridinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.100 g, 0.308 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (10.0 ml_) under N2, was added 2,5-dichloro-3-pyridinecarbonyl chloride (0.223 g, 1.10 mmol) and triethylamine (1.0 ml_, 13.6 mmol). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.021 g (14% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 480 (M+1 ).
Example 290
Figure imgf000266_0002
1 -{[5-(4-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.100 g, 0.308 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (10.0 ml_) under N2, was added 4-chloro-3-pyridinecarbonyl chloride hydrochloride (0.223 g, 1.10 mmol) and triethylamine (1.0 ml_, 13.6 mmol). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.015 g (11 % yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 445 (M+).
Example 291
1-{[5-(2-Chloro-5-iodophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.05 g, 0.154 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (10.0 ml_) under N2, was added 2-chloro-5-iodobenzoyl chloride
(0.159 g, 0.528 mmol) and triethylamine (0.5 ml_, 6.81 mmol). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.019 g (22% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 570 (M+1 ).
Example 292
Figure imgf000267_0002
1 -{[5-(5-Chloro-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol- 3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.05 g, 0.154 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (10.0 ml_) under N2, was added 5-chloro-1 ,3-dimethyl-1/-/- pyrazolo[3,4-ιb]pyridine-6-carbonyl chloride (0.095 g, 0.389 mmol) and triethylamine (0.5ml_, 6.81 mmol). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc- hexanes gradient) to give 0.061 g (77% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 513 (M+).
Example 293
Figure imgf000268_0001
Methyl 4-chloro-3-(3-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 - yl]methyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoate
A solution containing 1-{[5-(2-chloro-5-iodophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}- 2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 291 ) (0.378 g, 0.662 mmol), 1 ,1-bisdiphenylphosphinoferrocene (0.073 g, 0.132 mmol), E3N (1.0 ml_, 13.6 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (0.032 g, 0.132 mmol), anhydrous MeOH (2.0 ml_) and anhydrous DMF (20 ml_). The mixture was then stirred at 70 0C under a carbon monoxide atmosphere for a period of 4 h and then allowed to cooled to rt. The reaction was partitioned between NaHCO3 and EtOAc, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to dryness. The mixture was purified on a biotage prepak column (0-10% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.214 g (64% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 502 (M+).
Example 294
Figure imgf000269_0001
1-{[5-(2-Chloro-5-nitrophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.05 g, 0.154 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (10.0 ml_) under N2, was added 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoyl chloride (0.086 g, 0.390 mmol) and triethylamine (0.5 ml_, 6.81 mmol). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.051 g (68% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 489 (M+).
Example 295
Figure imgf000269_0002
4-Chloro-3-(3-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]methyl}- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzamide
Figure imgf000269_0003
A. 4-Chloro-3-(3-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 - yl]methyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoic acid
To a solution of methyl 4-chloro-3-(3-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/- indol-1-yl]methyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoate (Example 293) (0.190 g, 0.378 mmol) in 1 ,4-dioxane (70 mL) was added LiOH-H2O (0.063 g, 1.50 mmol) and water (30 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt for 17 h followed by cooling to 0-5 0C. The solution was made acidic using concentrated HCI, extracted into Et2O, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to afford a pure solid ( 0.131 g, 71 % yield): MS (ES) m/z 488 (M+).
Figure imgf000270_0001
B. 4-Chloro-3-(3-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 - yl]methyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoyl chloride
A solution was prepared using 4-chloro-3-(3-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i H-indol-1 -yl]methyl}-1 , 2, 4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoic acid (0.100 g, 0.204 mmol), DMF (0.100 mL), (COCI)2 (2.0 mL, 21.0 mmol) and anhydrous CH2CI2 (25 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt and for a period of 16 h and concentrated to dryness. The resulting product was used without purification (0.113 g).
Figure imgf000270_0002
C. 4-Chloro-3-(3-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 - yl]methyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzamide
A round bottom flask was mixed with 4-chloro-3-(3-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indol-1 -yl]methyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoyl chloride (0.037 g, 0.07 mmol) and 2.0 M NH3 in MeOH (5.0 ml_). The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h and concentrated to dryness. The resulting solid was crystallized with Et2O, filtered in vacuo and dried under high vacuum to afford a pure solid (0.021 g, 58% yield): MS (ES) m/z 487(M+).
Example 296
Figure imgf000271_0001
4-Chloro-3-(3-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]methyl}- 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-Λ/-methylbenzamide
A round bottom flask was mixed with 4-chloro-3-(3-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indol-1 -yl]methyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoyl chloride (Example 295B) (0.037 g, 0.07 mmol) and 1.0M MeNH2 in THF (10.0 ml_). The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h and concentrated to dryness. The resulting solid was crystallized with Et2O, filtered in vacuo and dried under high vacuum to afford a pure solid (0.022 g, 59% yield): MS (ES) m/z 501 (M+).
Example 297
Figure imgf000271_0002
A-Chloro-S-tS-dS-cyano^-propyl-A-ttrifluoromethylJ-IH-indol-i-yllmethyl}- 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-Λ/,Λ/-dimethylbenzamide
A round bottom flask was mixed with 4-chloro-3-(3-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indol-1 -yl]methyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoyl chloride (Example 295B) (0.037 g, 0.07 mmol) and Me2NH (2.0 ml_), and THF (5.0 ml_). The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h and concentrated to dryness. The resulting solid was crystallized with Et2O, filtered in vacuo and dried under high vacuum to afford a pure solid (0.025 g, 66% yield): MS (ES) m/z 515 (M+).
Example 298
Figure imgf000272_0001
1-({5-[2-(Methylthio)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
A solution was prepared using 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1 - yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.100 g, 0.308 mmol), 2-
(methylthio)benzoic acid (0.076 g, 0.463 mmol), HATU (0.176 g, 0.463 mmol), triethylamine (1.0 ml_, 13.6 mmol) and anhydrous DMF (10 ml_). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.042 g (30% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 456 (M+).
Example 299
Figure imgf000273_0001
1-{[5-(Dimethylamino)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
A solution was prepared using 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1- yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.100 g, 0.308 mmol), 2-chloro-5- (methylthio)benzoic acid (0.404 g, 2.0 mmol), HATU (1.50 g, 0.040 mmol), triethylamine (1.0 ml_, 13.6 mmol) and anhydrous DMF (10 ml_). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.035 g (42% yield) of pure product as the undesired product: MS (ES) m/z 377 (M+).
Example 300
Figure imgf000273_0002
1 -({5-[2-Chloro-5-(methylthio)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
The reaction from Example 299 afforded 0.031 g (21 % yield) of the product desired product: MS (ES) m/z 490 (M+).
Example 301
Figure imgf000274_0001
1-({5-[2-Chloro-5-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2- propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000274_0002
A. 2-Chloro-5-(methylsulfonyl)benzoic acid
A solution was prepared using 2-chloro-5-(methylthio)benzoic acid (2.0 g, 9.90 mmol), oxone (30.4 g, 49.3 mmol) and anhydrous MeOH (100 ml_). The reaction was allowed to stir at rt for 17 h and was partitioned between water and Et2θ. The organic were dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to dryness to give the desired crude solid (2.Og, 87% yield). The solid was used without further purification.
Figure imgf000274_0003
B. 1 -({5-[2-Chloro-5-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
A solution was prepared using 2-[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1- yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 275A) (0.100 g, 0.308 mmol), 2-chloro-5- (methylsulfonyl)benzoic acid (0.108 g, 0.463 mmol), HATU (0.176 g, 0.463 mmol), thethylamine (0.047 g, 0.463 mmol) and anhydrous DMF (10 ml_). The mixture was then heated in a microwave at 15O0C for 30 min. Upon cooling, the mixture was poured onto a biotage prepak column and the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (0-25% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to give 0.042g (26% yield) of pure product: MS (ES) m/z 522 (M+).
Example 302
Figure imgf000275_0001
2-[5-Cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1H-indol-1- yl]acetamide
Figure imgf000275_0002
A. 4-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-(3,3,3-trif luoropropyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
In a round bottom flask was mixed 4-amino-3-methyl-2- (thfluoromethyl)benzonithle (Example 191C) (3.7 g, 0.0185 moles), p- toluenesulfonic acid (0.100 g), benzophenone (4.0 g, 0.222 mol) and anhydrous toluene (100 ml_). The mixture was heated at reflux for 1 h and concentrated to dryness. The crude solid was dissolved in CCI4 (10OmL) and the insolubles were filtered off and discarded. The organic solution was mixed with AIBN (0.100 g) and N-bromosuccimide (4.Og, 0.0225 mol). The mixture was heated at reflux for 1 h and cooled to 0-5 0C. The insolubles were filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness. The crude oil was dissolved with Et2O (250 ml_) and this solution was mixed with triphenylphosphine (5.9 g, 0.0225 mol). The resulting solid was filtered to give a crude orange solid which was mixed with 2.0N HCI (50 ml_) and heated at reflux for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness and the resulting crude salt was mixed with Et^N (4.5 g 0.0445 mol), HATU (17.0 g, 0.0448 mol), triflouromethylbutyric acid (6.4 g, 0.0448 mol) and anhydrous DMF (150 ml_). The reaction was allowed to stir at rt for 1 h and mixed with additional Et3N (9.0 g, 0.089 mol) and stirred for an additional hour. The mixture was partitioned between saturated NaHCO3 and EtOAc. The organics were dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to dryness. The crude solid was chromatographed using a biotage prepak flash column (0-20% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to yield the desired indole (1.1 g, 19% yield): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.93 (s, 1 H), 7.57 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.46 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.55 (s, 1 H), 3.11-3.07 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.60-2.52 (m, 2H).
Figure imgf000276_0001
B. 2-[5-Cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1 H-indol-1 - yl]acetamide
To a solution of 4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile (Example 302A) (0.200 g, 0.653 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (50 ml_) was added Cs2CO3 (0.851 g, 0.2.612 mmol) and 2-bromoacetamide (0.300 g, 1.37 mmol). The mixture was heated under N2, for 2 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-20% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford a pure product (0.121 g, 51 % yield): MS (ES) m/z 363 (M+).
Example 303
Figure imgf000276_0002
1-{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2- (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile (Example 302A) (0.200 g, 0.653 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (25 ml_) was added Cs2CO3 (0.851 g, 0.2.612 mmol) and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5- difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.226 g, 0.979 mmol). The mixture was heated under N2, for 2 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-20% EtOAc- hexanes gradient) to afford a pure product (0.078 g, 24% yield): MS (ES) m/z 500 (M+).
Example 304
Figure imgf000277_0001
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[3-(trif luoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile (Example 302A) (0.200 g, 0.653 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (25 ml_) was added Cs2CO3 (0.851 g, 2.612 mmol) and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3- (thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.257 g, 0.979 mmol). The mixture was heated under N2, for 2 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-20% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford a pure product (0.051 g, 24% yield): MS (ES) m/z 532 (M+).
Example 305
Figure imgf000278_0001
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile (Example 302A) (0.200 g, 0.653 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (25 ml_) was added Cs2CO3 (0.851 g, 0.2.612 mmol) and 3-bromo-5-[3- (chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]pyridine (0.269 g, 0.979 mmol). The mixture was heated under N2, for 2 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0-20% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford a pure product (0.081 g, 23% yield): MS (ES) m/z 544 (M+1 ).
Example 306
Figure imgf000278_0002
1-{[2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-1 ,3- thiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.17 (m, 1 H), 7.58 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.49 (m, 2H), 7.36 (m, 2H), 6.79 (s, 1 H), 6.65 (s, 1 H), 5.51 (s, 2H), 2.58 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 432 (M+1 ) and 434 (M+1 , isotope). Example 307
Figure imgf000279_0001
1-{[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-indolθ-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1 ,3- thiazole: MS (ES) m/z 432 (M+1 ) and 434 (M+1 , isotope).
Example 308
Figure imgf000279_0002
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-4- yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 4-(chloromethyl)-2-[4- (thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazole: MS (ES) m/z 466 (M+1 ).
Example 309
Figure imgf000279_0003
1-({5-[2-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2- methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[2-fluoro-5- (thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.33 (m, 1 H), 7.85 (m, 1 H), 7.69 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.56 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.39 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.65 (s, 1 H), 5.50 (s, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 469 (M+1 ).
Example 310
Figure imgf000280_0001
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2- furanyl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
OH ό~Br
A. (5-Bromo-2-furanyl)methanol
To a solution of 5-bromo-2-furancarbaldehyde (1.0 g, 5.7 mmol) in dry THF (10 ml_) was added sodium borohydhde (0.217 g, 5.7 mmol) at O0C. The reaction is stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with Et.20 three times. The combined organic layers were washed with brine once, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by radial chromatography (0-45% EtOAc- hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (0.43 g, 92% yield).
Cl ό~Br
B. 2-Bromo-5-(chloromethyl)furan
To a solution of (5-bromo-2-furanyl)methanol (Example 310A) (144 mmol) in dry carbon tetrachloride (30 ml_) was added thphenylphosphine (6.0 g, 228 mmol) at rt. The reaction is heated at 750C for 1 h. Concentration and purification by radial chromatography (0-10% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) afforded the title compound with contamination of triphenylphosphine. The product is used without further purification.
Figure imgf000281_0001
C. 1 -[(S-Bromo^-furanylJmethyl^-cyclopropyl-A-ftrifluoromethylJ-i H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 165A) and 2-bromo-5-(chloromethyl)furan (Example 31 OB): MS (ES) m/z 409 (M+1 ) and 411 (M+1 , isotope).
Figure imgf000281_0002
D. 2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2- furanyl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of (1-[(5-bromo-2-furanyl)methyl]-2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 310C) (0.05 g, 0.12 mmol) in dry dioxane (3 ml_) were added [3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]boronic acid (0.046 g, 0.24 mmol), potassium fluoride (0.021 g, 0.36 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.028 g, 0.024 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 1000C in a sealed tube overnight. Solids were filtered and the filtrate was then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by radial chromatography (0-40% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) and recrystallized by methanol to afford the title compound (0.0185 g, 32% yield): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.79 (s, 1 H), 7.69 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.64 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.54 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.51 (m, 1 H), 7.38 (m, 1 H), 6.63 (d, J = 3.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.46 (s, 1 H), 6.24 (d, J = 3.4 Hz, 1 H), 5.52 (s, 2H), 2.04 (m, 1 H), 1.14 (m, 2H), 0.89 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 475 (M+ 1 ).
Example 311
Figure imgf000282_0001
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-4- yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000282_0002
A. 2-Bromo-4-(chloromethyl)-1 ,3-thiazole
To a solution of ethyl 2-bromo-1 ,3-thiazole-4-carboxylate (2.0 g, 8.5 mmol) in dry THF (20 ml_) was added lithium borohydride (6.4 ml_, 2M in THF, 12.7 mmol) at O0C. The reaction is stirred at rt overnight. The reaction was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with Et2θ three times. The combined organic layers were washed with brine once, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in dry carbon tetrachloride (20 ml_) and PS-thphenyl phosphine (0.180 g, 124mmol/g, 22.4 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated at 750C overnight. The resin was filtered and washed with carbon tetrachloride. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and used without further purification.
Figure imgf000282_0003
B. 1 -[(2-Bromo-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 2-bromo-4-(chloromethyl)-1 ,3-thiazole (Example 311A): MS (ES) m/z 400 (M+1 ) and 402 (M+1 , isotope).
Figure imgf000283_0001
C. 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3- thiazol-4-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 310D using 1-[(2-bromo-1 ,3-thiazol-4- yl)methyl]-2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 311 B) and [3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]boronic acid: MS (ES) m/z 466 (M+1 ).
Example 312
Figure imgf000283_0002
1-{[2-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 310D using 1-[(2-bromo-1 ,3-thiazol-4- yl)methyl]-2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 311 B) and [3,5-difluorophenyl]boronic acid: MS (ES) m/z 434 (M+1 ).
Example 313
Figure imgf000284_0001
1-({2-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}methyl)-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 310D using 1-[(2-bromo-1 ,3-thiazol-4- yl)methyl]-2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 311 B) and [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]boronic acid: MS (ES) m/z 534 (M+1 ).
Example 314
Figure imgf000284_0002
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2- thienyl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Cl
^ύrBr
A. 2-Bromo-5-(chloromethyl)thiophene To a solution of 5-bromo-2-thiophenecarbaldehyde (1 ml_, 8.5 mmol) in dry THF (10 ml_) was added sodium borohydride (0.477 g, 12.6 mmol) at O0C. The reaction is stirred at rt for 1.5h. The reaction was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride and extracted with Et.20 three times. Combined organic layer was washed with brine once, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in dry carbon tetrachloride (20 ml_) and PS-thphenyl phosphine (5.2 g, 16 mmol/g) was added. The mixture was heated at 750C overnight. The resin was filtered and washed with carbon tetrachloride. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and used without further purification
Figure imgf000285_0001
B. 1 -[(5-Bromo-2-thienyl)methyl]-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole- 5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 2-bromo-5-(chloromethyl)thiophene: MS (ES) m/z 399 (M+1 ) and 401 (M+1 , isotope).
Figure imgf000285_0002
C. 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2- thienyl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 310D using 1-[(5-bromo-2-thienyl)methyl]- 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 314B) and [3- (thfluoromethyl)phenyl]boronic acid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.67 (s, 1 H), 7.64 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.47, (m, 4H), 7.17 (m, 1 H), 6.81 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.65 (s, 1 H), 5.49 (s, 2H), 2.56 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 463 (M-1 ).
Example 315
Figure imgf000285_0003
1 -{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 310D using 1-[(5-bromo-2-thienyl)methyl]- 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 314B) and [3,5- difluorophenyl]boronic acid: MS (ES) m/z 431 (M-1 ).
Example 316
Figure imgf000286_0001
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 310D using 1-[(5-bromo-2-thienyl)methyl]- 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 314B) and [3,5- bis(thfluoromethyl)phenyl]boronic acid: MS (ES) m/z 531 (M-1 ).
Example 317
Figure imgf000286_0002
2-Methyl-1 -({4-methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazol-5-yl}methyl)- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 5-(chloromethyl)-4-methyl-2-[4- (thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.87 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.52 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.45 (d, J = 7.8 Hz,
1 H), 6.65 (s, 1 H), 5.46 (s, 2H), 2.60(s, 3H), 2.53 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 480 (M+1 ).
Example 318
Figure imgf000287_0001
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-{[3'-(trifluoromethyl)-3-biphenylyl]methyl}-1H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000287_0002
A. 1 -[(3-Bromophenyl)methyl]-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 1-bromo-3-(bromomethyl)benzene: MS (ES) m/z 393 (M+1 ) and 395 (M+1 , isotope).
Figure imgf000287_0003
B. 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -{[3'-(trifluoromethyl)-3- biphenylyl]methyl}-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 310D using 1-[(3-bromophenyl)methyl]-2- methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonithle (Example 318A) and [3- (thfluoromethyl)phenyl]boronic acid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.73 (s, 1 H), 7.65-7.35 (m, 8H), 6.81 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.68 (s, 1 H), 5.44 (s, 2H), 2.48 (s, 3H): MS (ES) m/z 459 (M+1 ).
Example 319
Figure imgf000288_0001
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-{[4'-(trifluoromethyl)-3-biphenylyl]methyl}-1H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 310D using 1-[(3-bromophenyl)methyl]-2- methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonithle (Example 318A) and [4- (thfluoromethyl)phenyl]boronic acid: MS (ES) m/z 459 (M+1 ).
Example 320
Figure imgf000288_0002
1-{[3\5'-bis(Trifluoromethyl)-343iphenylyl]methyl}-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 310D using 1-[(3-bromophenyl)methyl]-2- methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonithle (Example 318A) and [3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]boronic acid: MS (ES) m/z 527 (M+1 ).
Example 321
Figure imgf000288_0003
1-({2-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-5-yl}methyl)-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000289_0001
A. Methyl 2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate
Synthesized as described in Example 310D using methyl 2-bromo-1 ,3-thiazole-5- carboxylate and [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]boronic acid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.51 (s, 1 H), 8.44 (s, 2H), 7.99 (s, 1 H), 3.98 (s, 3H).
Figure imgf000289_0002
B. 2-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-(chloromethyl)-1,3-thiazole
Synthesized as described in Example 311 A using methyl 2-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate.
Figure imgf000289_0003
C. 1 -({2-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazol-5-yl}methyl)-2- methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5- (chloromethyl)-1 ,3-thiazole (Example 321 B): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.26 (s, 2H), 7.89 (s, 1 H), 7.74 (s, 1 H), 7.57 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.67 (s, 1 H), 5.58 (s, 2H), 2.57 (s, 3H): MS (ES) m/z 532 (M-1 ).
Example 322
Figure imgf000290_0001
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-5- yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000290_0002
A. Methyl 2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate
Synthesized as described in Example 310D using methyl 2-bromo-1 ,3-thiazole-5- carboxylate and [3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]boronic acid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.47 (s, 1 H), 8.28 (s, 1 H), 8.16 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.75 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.62 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 3.96 (s, 3H).
Figure imgf000290_0003
B. 2-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-(chloromethyl)-1 ,3-thiazole
Synthesized as described in Example 311 A using methyl 2-[3,- (thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Example 322A).
Figure imgf000290_0004
C. 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3- thiazol-5-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5- (Example 322B): MS (ES) m/z 466 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000291_0001
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-isoxazolyl}methyl)-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000291_0002
A. 3-[(Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]-5-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isoxazole
To a solution of 2-[(2-nitroethyl)oxy]tetrahydro-2/-/-pyran (483 μl_, 3.15 mmol) and 1-ethynyl-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene (3.0 g, 12.6 mmol) in dry acetonithle (15 ml_) were added TEA (4.4 ml, 31.5 mmol) and isocyanatobenzene (3.4 ml_, 31.5 mmol) at rt. The reaction is stirred at 500C for 5h. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with Et.20 three times. The combined organic layers were then washed with brine once, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by radial chromatography (0-40% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (0.51 g, 41 % yield): MS (ES) m/z 418 (M+Na+).
Figure imgf000292_0001
B. {5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-isoxazolyl}methanol
To a solution of 3-[(tetrahydro-2/-/-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]-5-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isoxazole (Example 323A) (0.590 g, 1.49 mmol) in DCM (15 ml_) was added TFA (1.5 ml_). The reaction is stirred at rt overnight. Solvent and excess TFA were removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by radial chromatography (0-60% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (0.320 g, 69% yield): MS (ES) m/z 312 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000292_0002
C. 3-(Chloromethyl)-5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isoxazole
To a solution of {5-[3,5-bis(thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-isoxazolyl}methanol (Example 323B) (0.100 g, 0.32 mmol) in dry carbon tetrachloride (15 ml_) was added PS-triphenylphosphine (0.292 g, 2.2 mmol/g, 0.64 mmol). The reaction was heated at 750C overnight. The resin was filtered and washed with carbon tetrachloride. Concentration in vacuo afforded the title compound, which was used for the next step without further purification.
Figure imgf000292_0003
D. 1 -({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-isoxazolyl}methyl)-2-methyl- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isoxazole (Example 323C): MS (ES) m/z 518 (M+1).
Example 324
Figure imgf000293_0001
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3- isoxazolyl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000293_0002
A. 3-[(Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]-5-[3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isoxazole
Synthesized as described in Example 323A using 1-ethynyl-3- (thfluoromethyl)benzene instead of 1-ethynyl-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene: MS (ES) m/z 350 (M+Na+).
Figure imgf000293_0003
B. {5-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-isoxazolyl}methanol
Synthesized as described in Example 323B using 3-[(tetrahydro-2/-/-pyran-2- yloxy)methyl]-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isoxazole instead of 3-[(tetrahydro-2/-/- pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]-5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isoxazole: MS (ES) m/z 244 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000294_0001
C. 3-(Chloromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isoxazole
Synthesized as described in Example 323C using {5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- 3-isoxazolyl}methanol instead of {5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3- isoxazolyl}methanol.
Figure imgf000294_0002
D. 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3- isoxazolyl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3- (thfluoromethyl)phenyl]isoxazole (Example 324C): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.91 (s, 1 H), 7.86 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.68 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.57 (m, 3H), 6.66 (s, 1 H), 6.17 (s, 1 H), 5.44 (s, 2H), 2.58 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 450 (M+1 ).
Example 325
Figure imgf000294_0003
1-[(3-Bromo-5-isoxazolyl)methyl]-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Figure imgf000294_0004
A. 3-Bromo-5-(chloromethyl)isoxazole To a solution of (3-bromo-5-isoxazolyl)methanol (0.500 g, 2.8 mmol) in dry carbon tetrachloride (20 ml_) was added PS-triphenyl phosphine (3.5 g, 1.6 mmol/g). The mixture was heated at 750C overnight. The resin was filtered and washed with carbon tetrachloride. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and used without further purification.
Figure imgf000295_0001
B. 1 -[(3-Bromo-5-isoxazolyl)methyl]-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 3-bromo-5-(chloromethyl)isoxazole (Example 325A): MS (ES) m/z 382 (M-1 ) and 384 (M-1 , isotope).
Example 326
Figure imgf000295_0002
1 -[(5-Chloro-1 ,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)methyl]-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 5-chloro-3-(chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4- thiadiazole: MS (ES) m/z 357 (M+1 ) and 359 (M+1 , isotope).
Example 327
Figure imgf000296_0001
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-methyl- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 1-[(5-chloro-1 ,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)methyl]-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 326) (0.1 g, 0.28 mmol) in dry DME (3 ml_) were added [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]boronic acid (0.145 g, 0.56 mmol), cesium fluoride (0.13 g, 0.84 mmol) and [1 ,4- bis(diphenylphosphino)butane]palladium(ll) dichloride (0.1 g, 0.17 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 900C in a sealed tube overnight. Solid was filtered and the filtrate was then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by radial chromatography (0-50% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (0.06 g, 40% yield): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.31 (s, 2H), 8.04 (s, 1 H), 7.67 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.51 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.66 (s, 1 H), 5.65 (s, 2H), 2.67 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 533 (M-1 ).
Example 328
Figure imgf000296_0002
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4- thiadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 327 using 1-[(5-chloro-1 ,2,4-thiadiazol-3- yl)methyl]-2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 326) and [3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]boronic acid: MS (ES) m/z 467 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000297_0001
1 -[(1 f?)-2-Hydroxy-1 -methylethyl]-2-methyl-4-(trif luoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and (2S)-2-chloro-1-propanol: MS (ES) m/z 283 (M+1 ).
Example 330
Figure imgf000297_0002
Λ/-[4-({(2f?)-2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-1- yl]propyl}oxy)phenyl]acetamide
Synthesized as described in Example 139C using 1-[(1f?)-2-hydroxy-1- methylethyl]-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonithle (Example 329) and Λ/-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.55 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.49 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.25 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.13 (s, 1 H), 6.55 (m, 3H), 4.57 (m, 1 H), 4.36 (m, 1 H), 4.27 (m, 1 H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 1.38 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 414 (M-1 ).
Example 331
Figure imgf000298_0001
1 -{(1 /?)-2-[(6-Fluoro-3-pyridinyl)oxy]-1 -methylethyl}-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 139C using 1-[(1f?)-2-hydroxy-1- methylethyl]-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonithle (Example 329) and 6-fluoro-3-pyridinol: MS (ES) m/z 378 (M+1 ).
Example 332
Figure imgf000298_0002
2-Methyl-1-[(1f?)-1-methyl-2-(3-pyridinyloxy)ethyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 139C using 1-[(1f?)-2-hydroxy-1- methylethyl]-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonithle (Example 329) and 3-pyridinol: MS (ES) m/z 360 (M+1 ).
Example 333
Figure imgf000298_0003
1-{2-[(4-Fluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 2-bromoethyl-4-fluorophenylether: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.57 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.52 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.92 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.69 (m, 2H), 6.59 (s, 1 H), 4.53 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 2H), 4.20 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 2H), 2.57 (s, 3H): MS (ES) m/z 363 (M+1 ).
Example 334
Figure imgf000299_0001
2-Methyl-1-[(1f?)-1-methyl-2-(2-pyridinyloxy)ethyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 139C using 1-[(1f?)-2-hydroxy-1- methylethyl]-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonithle (Example 329) and 2-pyridinol: MS (ES) m/z 360 (M+1 ).
Example 335
Figure imgf000299_0002
1-(2-Hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 1-chloro-2-propanol: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.53 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.48 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.59 (s, 1 H), 4.20 (m, 1 H), 4.12 (m, 2H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 1.33 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 283 (M+1 ). Example 336
Figure imgf000300_0001
1-{2-[(6-Fluoro-3-pyridinyl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 139C using 1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 335) and 6-fluoro-3- pyridinol: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.58 (s, 1 H), 7.54 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.49 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.94 (m, 1 H), 6.71 (m, 1 H), 6.56 (s, 1 H), 4.57 (m, 1 H), 4.40 (m, 1 H), 4.30 (m, 1 H), 2.54 (s, 3H), 1.43 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 400 (M+Na).
Example 337
Figure imgf000300_0002
2-Methyl-1 -[2-(3-pyridinyloxy)propyl]-4-(trif luoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 139C using 1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 335) and 3-pyridinol; MS (ES) m/z 360 (M+1 ).
Example 338
Figure imgf000301_0001
Λ/-[4-({2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trif luoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]-1 - methylethyl}oxy)phenyl]acetamide
Synthesized as described in Example 139C using 1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 335) and Λ/-(4- hydroxyphenyl)acetamide: MS (ES) m/z 414 (M-1 ).
Example 339
Figure imgf000301_0002
2-Methyl-1-[2-(2-pyridinyloxy)propyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 139C using 1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 335) and 2-pyridinol: MS (ES) m/z 360 (M+1 ).
Example 340
Figure imgf000301_0003
i^-ItA-Cyano-S-fluorophenylJoxylethy^^-methyl-A-ttrifluoromethylJ-IH- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 2-fluoro-4-[(2- bromoethyl)oxy]benzonitrile: MS (ES) m/z 388 (M+1 ).
Example 341
Figure imgf000302_0001
1-{2-[(6-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H- indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 5-[(2-bromoethyl)oxy]-2-chloropyridine: MS (ES) m/z 380 (M+1 ) and 382 (M+1 , isotope).
Figure imgf000302_0002
2-Methyl-1-[2-(methyloxy)ethyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 2-chloroethyl methyl ether: MS (ES) m/z 283 (M+1 ).
Example 343
Figure imgf000303_0001
2-Methyl-1-(2-{[2-(methyloxy)ethyl]oxy}ethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole- 5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 1-chloro-2-{[2- (methyloxy)ethyl]oxy}ethane: MS (ES) m/z 327 (M+1 ).
Example 344
Figure imgf000303_0002
2-Methyl-1 -[(1 /?)-1 -methyl-2-(methyloxy)ethyl]-4-(trif luoromethyl)-1 H-indole- 5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 1-[(1f?)-2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl]-2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 329) (0.035 g, 0.124 mmol) in dry THF (5 ml_) was added sodium hydride (60%, 0.0075 g, 0.188 mmol) at O0C. The mixture was stirred at rt for 0.5 h and then was added iodomethane (77 uL, 1.24 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 500C in a sealed tube overnight. The resulting solids were filtered and the filtrate was then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by radial chromatography (0-60% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (0.015 g, 41 % yield): MS (ES) m/z 297 (M+1 ).
Example 345
Figure imgf000304_0001
1-(2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 1-chloro-2-methyl-2-propanol: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.66 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.46 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.60 (s, 1 H), 4.12 (s, 2H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 1.30 (s, 6H); MS (ES) m/z 297 (M+1 ).
Example 346
Figure imgf000304_0002
2-Methyl-1-[2-(methyloxy)propyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 344 using 1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 335): MS (ES) m/z 297 (M+1 ).
Example 347
Figure imgf000304_0003
2-Methyl-1-[2-methyl-2-(methyloxy)propyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 344 using 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-2- methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonithle (Example 345): MS (ES) m/z 311 (M+1 ).
Example 348
Figure imgf000305_0001
i-β-HydroxypropylJ^-methyl^-ftrifluoromethylJ-IH-indole-S-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 3-chloro-1-propanol: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.56 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.46 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.56 (s, 1 H), 4.30 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (br, 2H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 1.99 (m, 2H), 1.61 (s, 1 H); MS (ES) m/z 283 (M+1 ).
Example 349
Figure imgf000305_0002
2-Methyl-1-[3-(methyloxy)propyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 344 using 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 348): MS (ES) m/z 297 (M+1 ).
Example 350
Figure imgf000306_0001
Methyl 2-{[5-cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]methyl}-2- propenoate
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and methyl 2-(bromomethyl)-2-propenoate: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.49 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.38 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.63 (s, 1 H), 6.23 (s, 1 H), 4.99, (s, 2H), 4.81 (s, 1 H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 323 (M+1 ).
Example 351
Figure imgf000306_0002
1-(3-Hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
A solution of methyl 2-{[5-cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1- yl]methyl}-2-propenoate (Example 350) (0.3 g, 0.93 mmol) in THF (10 ml_) was cooled to O0C and treated with LiBH4 (0.93 ml_, 2M in THF). After overnight, the reaction was quenched and partitioned between EtOAc and water. Drying (MgSO4), filtration, and concentration was followed by radial chromatography (0- 90% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (0.13 g, 47% yield): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.55 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.47 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.56 (s, 1 H), 4.33 (dd, J = 14.6, 7.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.92 (dd, J = 14.6, 7.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.52 (br, 2H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.19 (m, 1 H), 1.56 (br, 1 H), 0.97 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 297 (M+1 ). Example 352
Figure imgf000307_0001
2-Methyl-1-[2-methyl-3-(methyloxy)propyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 344 using 1-(3-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-2- methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonithle (Example 351 ): MS (ES) m/z 311 (M+1 ).
Example 353
Figure imgf000307_0002
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazol-4- yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000307_0003
A. 4-(Chloromethyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-oxazole
3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzamide (0.300 g, 1.59 mmol) and 1 ,3-dichloro-2- propanone (0.201 g, 1.59 mmol) were heated to 1300C for 0.5h. Then another 0.201 g of 1 ,3-dichloro-2-propanone (1.59 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated again at 1300C for 1 h. After being cooled down, the residue was purified by radial chromatography (0-30% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (0.280 g, 67% yield): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.31 (s, 1 H), 8.22 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.75 (s, 1 H), 7.72 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.60 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1 H), 4.58 (s, 2H).
Figure imgf000308_0001
B. 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3- oxazol-4-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 4-(chloromethyl)-2-[3- (thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-oxazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.23 (s, 1 H), 8.15 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.71 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.56 (m, 3H), 7.34 (s, 1 H), 6.64 (s, 1 H), 5.31 (s, 2H), 2.60 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 450 (M+1 ).
Example 354
Figure imgf000308_0002
1-({2-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazol-4-yl}methyl)-2-methyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000308_0003
A. 2-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-(chloromethyl)-1 ,3-oxazole Synthesized as described in Example 353A using 3,5-bis- (thfluoromethyl)benzamide and 1 ,3-dichloro-2-propanone: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.50 (s, 2H), 7.96 (s, 1 H), 7.80 (s, 1 H), 4.59 (s, 2H).
Figure imgf000309_0001
B. 1 -({2-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-oxazol-4-yl}methyl)-2- methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4- (chloromethyl)-1 ,3-oxazole: MS (ES) m/z 518 (M+1 ).
Example 355
Figure imgf000309_0002
Methyl 3-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indol-2-yl]propanoate
Figure imgf000309_0003
A. Methyl 3-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-2-yl]propanoate Synthesized as described for Examples 6OB and 6OC in a sealed vessel starting with 6OA and using methyl 4-pentynoate instead of TMS acetylene: MS (ES) m/z 297 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000310_0001
B. Methyl 3-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[2-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1H-indol-2- yljpropanoate
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using methyl 3-[5-cyano-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-2-yl]propanoate (Example 355A) and 3-(chloromethyl)- 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.31 (s, 1 H), 8.24 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.85 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.67 (m, 2H), 7.57 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.63 (s, 1 H), 5.54 (s, 2H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.33 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 2.94 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H): MS (ES) m/z 523 (M+1 ).
Example 356
Figure imgf000310_0002
^({S-IS.S-bistTrifluoromethylJphenyll^-furany^methylJ^-cyclopropyl-A- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 310D using (1-[(5-bromo-2-furanyl)methyl]- 2-cyclopropyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonithle (Example 310C) and [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]boronic acid: MS (ES) m/z 543 (M+1 ). Example 357
Figure imgf000311_0001
2-Cyclopropyl-1-{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-4- (trif luoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesizes as described in Example 310D using (1-[(5-bromo-2-furanyl)methyl]- 2-cyclopropyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonithle (Example 310C) and (3,5-difluorophenyl)boronic acid: MS (ES) m/z 443 (M+1 ).
Example 358
Figure imgf000311_0002
2-Cyclopropyl-1-({5-[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-furanyl}methyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of (1-[(5-bromo-2-furanyl)methyl]-2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1/-/-indole-5-carbonithle (Example 310C) (0.1 g, 0.24 mmol) in dry DMF (5 ml_) was added potassium acetate (0.072 g, 0.73 mmol), palladium acetate (0.011 g, 0.048 mmol) and 4,4',5,5'-tetramethyl-2,2'-bi-1 ,3,2-dioxaborolane (0.068 g, 0.264 mmol). The reaction is heated to 900C for 3h. To the reaction was then added 2- bromo-1-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (0.119 g, 0.48 mmol), cesium carbonate (0.159 g, 0.48 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.057 g, 0.048 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 850C overnight. Solids were filtered and the filtrate was then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by radial chromatography (0-40% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) and by semipreparative HPLC to afford the title compound (0.002 g, 1.3% yield): MS (ES) m/z 493 (M+1 ).
Example 359
Figure imgf000312_0001
1-{[2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}-2-cyclopropyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1/-/-indole-5-carbonithle (Example 165A) and 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(2- chlorophenyl)-1 ,3-thiazole: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.18 (m, 1 H), 7.59 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.49 (m, 2H), 7.37 (m, 2H), 6.82 (s, 1 H), 6.47 (s, 1 H), 5.70 (s, 2H), 2.02 (m, 1 H), 1.08 (m, 2H), 0.87 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 458 (M+1 ) and 460 (M+1 , isotope).
Example 360
Figure imgf000312_0002
i-^-^-ChlorophenylJ-I.S-thiazol-A-yllmethyl^-cyclopropyl-A- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1/-/-indole-5-carbonithle (Example 165A) and 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(4- chlorophenyl)-1 ,3-thiazole: MS (ES) m/z 458 (M+1 ) and 460 (M+1 , isotope).
Example 361
Figure imgf000313_0001
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3- thiazol-4-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1/-/-indole-5-carbonithle (Example 165A) and 4-(chloromethyl)-2-[4- (thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazole: MS (ES) m/z 492 (M+1 ).
Example 362
Figure imgf000313_0002
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3,4- oxadiazol-2-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000313_0003
A. 1,1-Dimethylethyl [S-cyano^-cyclopropyl^-ftrifluoromethylJ-IH- indol-1-yl]acetate
To a solution of 2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonithle (Example 165A) (1.0 g, 4.0 mmol) in dry acetonitrile (25 ml_) was added cesium carbonate (2.6 g, 8.0 mmol) and t-butyl bromoacetate (768 uL, 5.2 mmol) at rt. The mixture was stirred at 850C overnight. The solid was filtered and the filtrate was then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated with EtOAc-hexane to afford the title compound (1.23 g) in quantitative yield: MS (ES) m/z 365 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000314_0001
B. [S-Cyano^-cyclopropyl-^trifluoromethylJ-i H-indol-1 -yl]acetic acid
To a suspension of 1 , 1 -dimethylethyl [5-cyano-2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1/-/-indol-1-yl]acetate (Example 362A) (1.23 g, 4 mmol) in dry CH2CI2 (10 ml_) was added TFA (3.1 ml_, 40 mmol) at rt. The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Solvent and excess TFA were removed in vacuo. The residue was tritrated with Et2O-hexanes to afford the title compound (1.05 g, 85%): MS (ES) m/z 309 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000314_0002
C. 2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- 1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 35C using [5-cyano-2-cyclopropyl-4- (thfluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]acetic acid (Example 362B) and 3- (thfluoromethyl)benzohydrazide: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.20 (s, 1 H), 8.11 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.80 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.71 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.64 (t, J = 7.8 Hz 1 H), 7.38 (d, J = 8.5 Hz 1 H), 6.51 (s, 1 H), 5.79 (s, 2H), 2.08 (m, 1 H), 1.22 (m, 2H), 0.93 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 477 (M+1 ).
Example 363
Figure imgf000315_0001
2-[5-Cyano-2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]-Λ/- θthylacetamidθ
Synthesized as a side product in Example 362: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.57 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.43 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.50 (s, 1 H), 4.94 (s, 2H), 3.27 (m, 2H), 1.80 (m, 1 H), 1.13 (m, 2H), 1.06 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.84 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 336 (M+1 ).
Example 364
Figure imgf000315_0002
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000315_0003
A. 1 -(CyanomethylJ^-cyclopropyl^-ftrifluoromethylJ-i H-indole-5- carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 62 using 2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 165A) and bromoacetonitrile: MS (ES) m/z 290 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000316_0001
B. 2-[5-Cyano-2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]-Λ/- hydroxyethanimidamide
Synthesized as described in Example 64 using 1-(cyanomethyl)-2-cyclopropyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 364A): MS (ES) m/z 323 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000316_0002
C. 2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2- pyridinyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-2-cyclopropyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 364B) and 4- (thfluoromethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.01 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 1 H), 8.33 (s, 1 H), 7.75 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.68 (d, J = 8.5 Hz 1 H), 7.56 (d, J = 8.5 Hz 1 H), 6.49 (s, 1 H), 5.70 (s, 2H), 2.14 (m, 1 H), 1.16 (m, 2H), 0.90 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 478 (M+1 ).
Example 365
Figure imgf000316_0003
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-2-cyclopropyl-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 364B) and 6- (thfluoromethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid: MS (ES) m/z 478 (M+1 ).
Example 366
Figure imgf000317_0001
2-Cyclopropyl-1-({5-[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000317_0002
A. 3-(Chloromethyl)-5-[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4- oxadiazole
To a solution of 2-chloro-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide (2.4 g, 22.1 mmol) and triethylamine (3.7 ml, 26.5 mmol) in dry toluene (35 ml_) was added 2-fluoro-5- (thfluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (5 g, 22.1 mmol) at O0C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h and then at 1000C overnight. The resulting solid was filtered and the filtrate was then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by radial chromatography (0-30% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (1.2 g, 19% yield): MS (ES) m/z 281 (M+1 ) and 283 (M+1 , isotope).
Figure imgf000317_0003
B. 2-Cyclopropyl-1 -({5-[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1/-/-indole-5-carbonithle (Example 165A) and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[2-fluoro-5- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (Example 366A): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.33 (m, 1 H), 7.85 (m, 1 H), 7.68 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.54 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.39 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.49 (s, 1 H), 5.68 (s, 2H), 2.14 (m, 1 H), 1.15 (m, 2H), 0.92 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 495 (M+1 ).
Example 367
Figure imgf000318_0001
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyridinyl]- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-2-cyclopropyl-4- (thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indol-1 -yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 364A) and 2- (thfluoromethyl)-4-pyridinecarboxylic acid: MS (ES) m/z 478 (M+1 ).
Example 368
Figure imgf000318_0002
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 H-1 ,2,4- triazol-5-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
To a solution of 2-cyclopropyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- 1 , 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 362C) (0.019 g, 0.040 mmol) in 2M ammonia in methanol (3 ml_) was added magnesium chloride (0.008 g, 0.081 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 1200C in a sealed tube for 10 days. Solids were filtered and the filtrate was then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by radial chromatography (0-70% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) and then by semipreparative HPLC to afford the title compound as TFA salt (0.005 g, 21 % yield): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.16 (s, 1 H), 8.07 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.73 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.66 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.63 (t, J = 7.8 Hz 1 H), 7.52 (d, J = 8.5 Hz 1 H), 6.48 (s, 1 H), 5.66 (s, 2H), 2.13 (m, 1 H), 1.12 (m, 2H), 0.89 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 476 (M+1 ).
Example 369
Figure imgf000319_0001
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3- oxazol-4-yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1/-/-indole-5-carbonithle (Example 165A) and 4-(bromomethyl)-2-[3-
(thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-oxazole (synthesized similarly to Example 353): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.24 (s, 1 H), 8.16 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.71 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.58 (m, 3H), 7.34 (s, 1 H), 6.45 (s, 1 H), 5.49 (s, 2H), 2.02 (m, 1 H), 1.11 (m, 2H), 0.88 (m, 2H); MS (ES) m/z 476 (M+1 ).
Example 370
Figure imgf000319_0002
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazol-5- yl}methyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000320_0001
A. Λ/-2-Propyn-1 -yl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide
To a solution of 2-propyn-1 -amine (2.0 g, 35.7 mmol) and Hunnig's base (12.5 ml_, 71.4 mmol) in CH2CI2 (20 ml_) was added 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (5.4 ml_, 35.7 mmol) at O0C. The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. CH2CI2 was added and the organic solution was washed with water twice, brine once, and dried over MgSO4. Concentration and purification by radial chromatography (0- 40% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) afforded the title compound (7.0 g, 96% yield): MS (ES) m/z 228 (M+ 1 ).
Figure imgf000320_0002
B. 5-Methyl-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-oxazole
Λ/-2-Propyn-1-yl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (Example 370A) (7.0 g, 30.8mmol) was suspended in sulfuric acid (95-98%, 15ml_). The mixture was heated at 1100C for 15 min. After cooling down, ice was added and solution was neutralized with 5N NaOH to pH 7 at O0C. The mixture was extracted with Et2O three times and the combined organic layers were washed with brine once and dried over MgSO4. Concentration and purification by radial chromatography (0- 20% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) afforded the title compound (6.8 g, 97% yield): MS (ES) m/z 228 (M+1 ).
Figure imgf000320_0003
C. 5-(Bromomethyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-oxazole To a solution of 5-methyl-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-oxazole (Example 370B) (1.0 g, 4.4 mmol) was added NBS (0.784 g, 4.4 mmol) and benzoyl peroxide (0.100 g, 0.41 mmol). The mixture was refluxed for 1 h and the solids were filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by radial chromatography (0-20% EtOAc-hexanes gradient) to afford the title compound (0.760 g, 56% yield): MS (ES) m/z 306 (M+1 ) and 308 (M+1 , isotope).
Figure imgf000321_0001
D. 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3- oxazol-5-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 120) and 5-(bromomethyl)-2-[3- (thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-oxazole (Example 370C): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) 5 8.19 (s, 1 H), 8.07 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.70 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.59 (m, 3H), 7.04 (s, 1 H), 6.65 (s, 1 H), 5.42 (s, 2H), 2.62 (s, 3H); MS (ES) m/z 450 (M+1 ).
Example 371
Figure imgf000321_0002
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3- oxazol-5-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 4 using 2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)- 1/-/-indole-5-carbonithle (Example 165A) and 5-(bromomethyl)-2-[3- (thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-oxazole (Example 370C): MS (ES) m/z 476 (M+1 ). Example 372
Figure imgf000322_0001
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 72 from 2-[5-cyano-2-cyclopropyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide (Example 364B) and 5- (thfluoromethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid: MS (ES) m/z 478 (M+1 ).
Example 373
Figure imgf000322_0002
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2,4- bis(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 192 using 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3-(chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.057g, 0.17mmol) to afford the title compound (0.043g, 52%) as a white solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.52 (s, 2H), 8.49 (s, 1 H), 8.34 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.08 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.48 (s, 1 H), 6.05 (s, 2H); MS m/z 595 (M+Na).
Example 374
Figure imgf000323_0001
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000323_0002
A. 2-(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
A mixture of {[6-amino-3-cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}(triphenyl) phosphonium bromide (0.50 g, 0.92 mmol), 3,3,3-trifluoropropanoic acid (0.175 g, 1.40 mmol), 2,4,6-tripropyl-1 ,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriphosphorinane 2,4,6-trioxide (2.60 g, 4.10 mmol, 50% in EtOAc) and DIEA (0.65 ml_, 3.70 mmol) in THF (25 ml_) was stirred at ambient temperature for 6 h. The mixture was concentrated and then diluted with anhydrous DMF (15 ml_) and stirred at 1000C for 18 h. The reaction was poured into water (100 ml_) and extracted with Et2O (2 x 60 ml_). The combined organic portions were washed with sat'd NaHCO3 (50 ml_) and brine (50 ml_). Drying (MgSO4), filtration, and concentration was followed by purification (SiO2, 30% EtOAc in hexanes) to afford 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (0.189g, 70%) as a pale yellow solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.36 (b, 1 H), 7.84 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.70 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.72 (s, 1 H), 4.00 (q, 2H).
Figure imgf000324_0001
B. 1 -({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)- 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
A mixture of the indole (0.04Og, 0.14mmol) from step A, Cs2CO3 (0.054g, 0.16mmol), 5-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole (0.091 g, 0.27mmol) and CH3CN (4ml_) was stirred at 500C for 24 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (25 ml_) and washed with water (15 ml_) and brine (15ml_). Drying (MgSO4), filtration, and concentration was followed by purification (SiO2, 0-30% EtOAc in hexanes) to afford the title compound (0.015g, 19%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ
8.48 (s, 2H), 8.10 (s, 1 H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.65 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.96 (s, 1 H), 5.58 (s, 2H), 3.94 (q, 2H); MS m/z 585 (M-H).
Example 375
Figure imgf000324_0002
2-[5-Cyano-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indol-1- yl]acetamide
A mixture of 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 374A) (0.050 g, 0.17 mmol), Cs2CO3 (0.112 g, 0.34 mmol), 2- bromoacetamide (0.047 g, 0.34 mmol) and CH3CN (4m L) was stirred at 700C for 2 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (25 mL), washed with water (15 ml_), brine (1 5ml_), dried over (MgSO4) and concentrated. The residue was stirred in EtOAc (5ml_) for 30 min. The resulting solid was filtered, rinsed with hexanes and dried to afford the title compound (0.017g, 28%) as a tan solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.88 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.72 (s, 1 H), 7.38 (s, 1 H), 6.78 (s, 1 H), 5.01 (s, 2H), 4.07 (q, 2H); MS m/z 348 (M-H).
Example 376
Figure imgf000325_0001
1 -{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 374A using 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5- difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.095 g, 0.41 mmol) to afford the title compound (0.015 g, 15%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.77 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.65 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.56 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 2H),
7.08-7.03 (m, 1 H), 6.94 (s, 1 H), 5.54 (s, 2H), 3.94 (q, 2H); MS m/z 485 (M-H).
Example 377
Figure imgf000325_0002
2-(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile A mixture of 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile (Example 374A) (0.080 g, 0.27 mmol), K2CO3 (0.042 g, 0.30 mmol), 3- (chloromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.143 g, 0.54 mmol) and CH3CN (5 ml_) was stirred at 600C for 6 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (25 ml_) and washed with water (15 ml_) and brine (15 ml_). Drying
(MgSO4), filtration, and concentration was followed by purification (SiO2, 0- 30% EtOAc in hexanes) to afford the title compound (0.031 g, 22%) as a pale yellow solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.29 (s, 1 H), 8.23 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.86 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.69-7.63 (m, 2H), 6.94 (s, 1 H), 5.56 (s, 2H), 3.96 (q, 2H); MS m/z 517 (M-H).
Example 378
Figure imgf000326_0001
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 377 using 3-bromo-5-[5-(chloromethyl)- 1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]pyridine (0.188 g, 0.68 mmol) to afford the title compound (0.048 g, 48%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.06 (s, 1 H), 8.95 (s, 1 H), 8.49 (s, 1 H), 8.14 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.88 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.89 (s, 1 H), 6.1 1 (s, 2H), 4.29 (q, 2H); MS m/z 530 (M+H).
Example 379
Figure imgf000327_0001
2-(1 ,1 -Difluoroethyl)-1 -{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Figure imgf000327_0002
A. 2-(1,1-Difluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Prepared in a manner similar to Example 374A using 2,2-difluoropropanoic acid (0.46 g, 4.18 mmol) to afford 2-(1 ,1-difluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile (0.352g, 82%) as a light yellow solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 12.92 (b, 1 H), 7.87 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.01 (s, 1 H), 2.14 (t, 3H).
Figure imgf000327_0003
B. 2-(1 ,1 -Difluoroethyl)-1 -{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol- 3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile A mixture of the indole (0.050 g, 0.18 mmol) from step A, Cs2CO3 (0.065 g,
0.20 mmol), 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.046 g, 0.20 mmol) and CH3CN (4 ml_) was stirred at 700C for 24 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (25 ml_), washed with water (15 ml_), brine (15 ml_), dried over (MgSO4) and concentrated. Added 10% Et2O in hexanes (10 ml_) and stirred for 2 h. The resulting solid was filtered, rinsed with hexanes and dried to afford the title compound (0.065g, 76%) as a light tan solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 8.23 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.98 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.74-7.64 (m, 3H), 7.23 (s,1 H), 5.99 (s, 2H), 2.24 (t, 3H); MS m/z 467 (M-H).
Example 380
Figure imgf000328_0001
2-(1 ,1 -Difluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 379B using 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.057 g, 0.22 mmol) to afford the title compound (0.061 g, 67%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.30-8.23 (m, 3H), 8.07 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.98 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.84 (t, 1 H), 7.24 (s, 1 H), 6.00 (s, 2H), 2.24 (t, 3H); MS m/z 499 (M-H).
Example 381
Figure imgf000328_0002
1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-(1 ,1 ■ difluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile Synthesized as described in Example 379B using 3-bromo-5-[5-(chloromethyl)- 1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]pyridine (0.060 g, 0.22 mmol) to afford the title compound (0.068g, 73%) as a tan solid solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.02 (s, 1 H), 8.94 (s, 1 H), 8.46 (s, 1 H), 8.26 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 8.01 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.26 (s, 1 H), 6.01 (s, 2H), 2.26 (t, 3H); MS m/z 511 (M-H).
Example 382
Figure imgf000329_0001
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-(1,1- difluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile
Synthesized as described in Example 379B using 5-[3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-3-(chloromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazole (0.072 g, 0.22 mmol) and purification (SiO2, 0-30% EtOAc in hexanes) to afford the title compound (0.073 g, 70%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.54 (s, 2H), 8.50 (s, 1 H), 8.23 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.99 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.24 (s,1 H), 6.03 (s, 2H), 2.24
(t, 3H); MS m/z 567 (M-H).
Example 383
Figure imgf000329_0002
2-[5-Cyano-2-(1 ,1 -difluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 - yl]acetamide
Synthesized as described in Example 379B using 2-bromoacetamide (0.060 g, 0.44 mmol) to afford the title compound (0.067 g, 93%) as an off-white solid solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.03 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.88 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.68 (s, 1 H), 7.28 (s,1 H), 7.12 (s, 1 H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 2.18 (t, 3H); MS m/z 330 (M-H).
BIOLOGICAL SECTION
Compounds of the current invention are modulators of the androgen receptor. Additionally, the compounds of the present invention may also prove useful as modulators of the glucocorticoid receptor, the mineralocorticoid receptor, and/or the progesterone receptor. Activity mediated through oxosteroid nuclear receptors was determined using the following in vitro and in vivo assays.
In Vitro Assays:
The following abbreviations and sources of materials are used
Fluormone PL Red - a commercially available PR fluoroprobe (PanVera Corp,
Product No P2965) Fluormone GS Red - a commercially available GR fluoroprobe (PanVera Corp,
Product No P2894)
Fluormone AL Green - a commercially available AR fluoroprobe (PanVera Corp,
Product No P3010)
PR-LBD - Purified human progesterone ligand binding domain tagged with Glutathione Transferase (PanVera Corp, Product No P2900)
GR - purified human glucocorticoid receptor (PanVera Corp, Product No P2812)
AR-LBD- Purified rat androgen ligand binding domain tagged with Glutathione
Transferase (PanVera Corp, Product No P3009) PR Screening Buffer - 100 mM potassium phosphate (pH 7.4), 100 μG/ml bovine gamma globulin, 15% ethylene glycol, 0.02% NaN3, 10% glycerol (PanVera Corp Product No P2967) with 0.1 % w/v CHAPS
AR Screening Buffer - pH 7.5 containing protein stabilizing agents and glycerol (PanVera Corp Product No P3011 )
GR Screening Buffer - 100 mM potassium phosphate (pH 7.4), 200 mM Na2MoO2, 1 mM EDTA, 20% DMSO (PanVera Corp Product No P2814) with GR stabilizing peptide (100 μM) (PanVera Corp Product No P2815) DTT - dithiothreitol (PanVera Corp Product No P2325) Discovery Analyst - is an FP reader DMSO - dimethylsulphoxide
Progesterone Receptor Fluorescence Polarization Assay:
The progesterone receptor fluorescence polarization assay is used to investigate the interaction of the compounds with the progesterone receptor.
Compounds are added to the 384 well black plates to a final volume of 0.5 μl_. Sufficient Fluormone PL Red and PR-LBD are defrosted on ice to give a final concentration of 2 nM and 40 nM, respectively. PR screening buffer is chilled to 40C prior to addition of DTT to give a final concentration of 1 mM. The Fluormone PL Red and PR-LBD in PR Screening Buffer are added to compound plates to give a final volume of 10 μL. The assay is allowed to incubate at 20- 220C for 2 hours. The plates are counted in a Discovery Analyst with suitable 535 nM excitation and 590 nM emission interference filters. Compounds that interact with the PR result in a lower fluorescence polarization reading. Test compounds are dissolved and diluted in DMSO. Compounds are assayed in singlicate, a four parameter curve fit of the following form being applied
y
Figure imgf000331_0001
where a is the minimum, b is the Hill slope, c is the IC50 and d is the maximum. Maximum and minimum values are compared to adhesion in the absence of compound and in the presence of 10"5M progesterone. Data is presented as the mean plC50 with the standard error of the mean of n experiments. Compounds with plCδo greater than 5.0 and a % max greater than 50 are preferred. The invention also encompasses compounds with plCso less than 5.0 and/or a % max less than 50 in the Progesterone Receptor Fluorescence Polarization Assay, where the compound has a plCso greater than 5.0 and a % max greater than 50 in the Androgen Receptor Fluorescence Polarization Assay. Androgen Receptor Fluorescence Polarization Assay:
The androgen receptor fluorescence polarization assay is used to investigate the interaction of the compounds with the androgen receptor.
Compounds are added to the 384 well black plates to a final volume of 0.5 μl_. Sufficient Fluormone AL Green and AR-LBD are defrosted on ice to give a final concentration of 1 nM and 25 nM, respectively. AR screening buffer is chilled to 4 0C prior to addition of DTT to give a final concentration of 1 mM. The Fluormone AL Green and AR-LBD in AR Screening Buffer are added to compound plates to give a final volume of 10 μL. The assay is allowed to incubate at 2O0C for 5 hours. The plates are counted in a Discovery Analyst with suitable 485 nM excitation and 535 nM emission interference filters. Compounds that interact with the AR result in a lower fluorescence polarization reading. Test compounds are dissolved and diluted in DMSO. Compounds are assayed in singlicate, a four parameter curve fit of the following form being applied a — d ,
where a is the minimum, b is the Hill slope, c is the IC50 and d is the maximum. Maximum and minimum values are compared to adhesion in the absence of compound and in the presence of 10"5M dihydrotestosterone. Data is presented as the mean plC50 with the standard error of the mean of n experiments. Compounds with plC50 greater than 5.0 and a % max greater than 50 are preferred.
Glucocorticoid Receptor Fluorescence Polarization Assay The glucocorticoid receptor fluorescence polarization assay is used to investigate the interaction of the compounds with the glucocorticoid receptor.
Compounds are added to the 384 well black plates to a final volume of 0.5 μl_. Sufficient Fluormone GS Red and GR are defrosted on ice to give a final concentration of 1 nM and 4 nM, respectively. GR screening buffer is chilled to 4 0C prior to addition of DTT to give a final concentration of 1 mM. The Fluormone GS Red, and GR in GR Screening Buffer are added to compound plates to give a final volume of 10 μl_. The assay is allowed to incubate at 40C for 12 hours. The plates are counted in a Discovery Analyst with suitable 535 nM excitation and 590 nM emission interference filters. Compounds that interact with the GR result in a lower fluorescence polarization reading. Test compounds are dissolved and diluted in DMSO. Compounds are assayed in singlicate, a four parameter curve fit of the following form being applied a - d . y = t /\b + d
where a is the minimum, b is the Hill slope, c is the EC50 and d is the maximum. Maximum and minimum values are compared to adhesion in the absence of compound and in the presence of 10"5M dexamethasone. Data is presented as the mean plC50 with the standard error of the mean of n experiments. Compounds with plC-so greater than 5.0 and a % max greater than 50 are preferred. The invention also encompasses compounds with plCso less than 5.0 and/or a % max less than 50 in the Glucocorticoid Receptor Fluorescence Polarization Assay, where the compound has a plCso greater than 5.0 and a % max greater than 50 in the Androgen Receptor Fluorescence Polarization Assay. AR Functional Assay:
AR DNA preparation A plasmid containing an N-terminal truncation of the human AR gene was obtained from ATCC which was missing 154 residues from the N-terminus of the protein. The N-terminal region of the AR gene from a human liver cDNA library generated in-house, was cloned using PCR technique. The N-terminus and C- terminus pieces were PCR-ed together and subcloned in to the pSG5 vector at the BamHI site along with a Kozak sequence. The sequence differs from the published sequence in two regions of high variability within the receptor amongst published sequences. This clone has 1 additional glutamine residue (residue 79) and 3 additional glycine residues (position 475).
MMTV DNA preparation pGL3-Basic Vector was digested with Smal and Xhol. pMSG was digested with Hindlll blunt ended and then digested with Xhol to excise the pMMTV-LTR. The pMMTV-LTR fragment was then ligated to the Smal and Xhol sites of pGL3- Basic Vector. The resulting plasmid contains the MMTV promoter from position 26 to the Xhol site, followed by luciferase which is contained between the Ncol and Sail (position 3482) sites.
Assay protocol
Monkey kidney CV-1 cells (ECACC No. 87032605) were transiently transfected with Fugene-6 reagent according to the manufacturer's protocol. Briefly, a T175 flask of CV-1 cells at a density of 80% confluency was transfected with 25g of mix DNA and 75I of Fugene-6. The DNA mix (1.25microg pAR, 2.5microg pMMTV Luciferase and 18.75microg pBluescript (Stratagene)) was incubated with Fugene in 5 ml OptiMEM-1 for 30 min and then diluted up to 20 ml in transfection media (DMEM containing 1 % Hyclone, 2mM L-Glutamine and 1 % Pen/Strep) prior to addition to the cells. After 24h, cells were washed with PBS, detached from the flask using 0.25% trypsin and counted using a Sysmex KX- 21 N. Transfected cells were diluted in assay media (DMEM containing 1 % Hyclone, 2mM L-Glutamine and 1 % Pen/Strep) at 70 cells/microlitre I. 70microlitres of suspension cells were dispensed to each well of white Nunc 384- well plates, containing compounds at the required concentration. After 24h, IOmicrolitres of Steady GIo were added to each well of the plates. Plates were incubated in the dark for 10 min before reading them on a Viewlux reader.
Analysis
All data was normalized to the mean of 16 high and 16 low control wells on each plate. A four parameter curve fit of the following form was then applied
Figure imgf000335_0001
Where a is the minimum, b is the Hill slope, c is the XC50 and d is the maximum. Data is presented as the mean pXC50 with the standard deviation of the mean of n experiments.
The compounds shown in Examples 1-383 were tested in the AR functional assay. The compounds shown in Examples 2, 3, 6, 7, 10-28, 30-96, 98-100, 102-114, 116-128, 130-143, 145-199, 203, 205, 206, 210-254, 256-266, 269-305, 309-316, 321 , 323-346, 348, 349, 351-383 all had a plC50 > 5.01 in the agonist mode of this assay.
Those of skill in the art will recognize that in vitro binding assays and cell- based assays for functional activity are subject to variability. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the values for the plC50s recited above are exemplary only.
Castrated Male Rat Model (ORX Rat) The activity of the compounds of the present invention as modulators of the androgen receptor was investigated using a castrated male rat model (ORX) as described in C. D. Kockakian, Pharmac. Therap. B 1(2), 149-177 (1975); C. Tobin and Y. Joubert, Developmental Biology 146,131-138 (1991 ); J . Antonio, J. D. Wilson and F. W. George, J Appl. Physiol. 87(6) 2016-2019 (1999)) the disclosures of which herein are included by reference.
Androgens have been identified as playing important roles in the maintenance and growth of many tissues in both animals and humans. Muscles, like the levator ani and bulbocavernosus, and sexual accessory organs, such as the prostate glands and seminal vesicles have high expression levels of the androgen receptor and are known to respond quickly to exogenous androgen addition or androgen deprivation through testicular ablation. Castration produces dramatic atrophy of muscle and sexual accessory organs; whereas the administration of exogenous androgens to the castrated animal results in effective hypertrophy of these muscles and sexual accessory organs. Although the levator ani muscle, also known as the dorsal bulbocavernosus, is not 'true skeletal muscle' and definitely sex-linked, it is reasonable to use this muscle to screen muscle anabolic activities of test compounds because of its androgen responsiveness and simplicity of removal. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 160-180 grams were used in the assay. The rats were singly caged upon receiving and throughout the study. Bilateral orchidectomies were performed in sterilized surgical conditions under isoflurane anesthesia. An anteroposterior incision was made in the scrotum. The testicles were exteriorized and the spermatic artery and vas deferens were ligated with 4.0 silk 0.5 cm proximal to the ligation site. The testicles then were removed by a surgical scissors distal to the ligation sites. The tissue stumps were returned to the scrotum, the scrotum and overlying skin were closed by a surgical stapler. The Sham-ORX rats underwent all procedures except ligation and scissors cutting. The rats were assigned randomly into study groups 7-10 days post surgery based on the body weight. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was used as a positive control (1-10 mg/kg s.α). Compounds of the current invention were administered subcutaneously or orally for 4-28. Alternatively, some compounds of the current invention were administered subcutaneously or orally for 7-49 days. The rats were weighed daily and doses were adjusted accordingly. The general well being of the animal was monitored throughout the course of the study.
At the end of the study, the rats were euthanized in a CO2 chamber. The ventral prostate glands (VP), seminal vesicles (SV), levator ani muscle (LA) and bulbocavernosus (BC) were carefully dissected. The tissues were blotted dry; the weights were recorded, and then saved for histological and molecular analysis. The VP and SV weights serve as androgenic indicators and LA and BC as anabolic indicators. The ratio of anabolic to androgenic activities was used to evaluate the test compounds. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and other potential serum markers of anabolic activities were also analyzed.
In general, preferred compounds show levator ani hypertrophy and very little prostate stimulation.
The compounds shown in Examples 23, 25, 41 , 60, 124, and 127, 155, 158, and 366 were tested in the castrated male rate model essentially as described above. Test compounds were employed in free or salt form. The compounds shown in Examples 23, 25, 41 , 60, 124, and 127 showed favorable levator anti-hypertrophy and spared the prostate. Compounds having favorable levator anti-hypertrophy were defined as those that show a 30% or greater increase in levator ani weight when compared to vehicle-treated castrates and dosed orally at up to 10 mg/kg/day. Prostate sparing was defined as at least a 2:1 ratio of levator ani ED50 to prostate ED50. The ED50 is defined as 50% of the maximum response above the vehicle treated castrate level. For shorter term studies (4-7 days), the maximum response is defined as the maximum response from positive control (DHT) treatment. For the longer term studies (7- 49 days), the ED50 is defined as 50% of the eugonadal state. All research complied with the principles of laboratory animal care (NIH publication No. 85-23, revised 1985) and GlaxoSmithKline policy on animal use.
Those of skill in the art will recognize that in vivo animal model studies such as the castrated male rat model studies described above are subject to variability. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the values for favorable levator anti-hypertrophy and prostate sparing recited above are exemplary only.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention are herein illustrated and described in detail, the invention is not limited thereto. The above detailed descriptions are provided as exemplary of the present invention and should not be construed as constituting any limitation of the invention.
Modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and all modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

What is claimed:
1. A compound of formula (I)
Figure imgf000339_0001
or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein X and Y are each independently C or N; X and Y are not both N; R1 is H, OH, CN, halogen, Ci-6alkoxy, or nitro; R2 is H, Ci-6alkyl, Ci-6alkoxy, Ci-6haloalkyl, halogen, or CN; R3 is H, halogen, Ci-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, Ci-6haloalkyl, -C(O)R6, -CH2OH, or
(CH2)qRx;
Rx is -C3-6cycloalkyl, -C(O)OCH3, -C(O)OR7, or -CN; q is O, 1 , 2, or 3; R4 Is H, or (R8)(R9); R5 is H, Ci-6alkyl, or halogen; R6 is H, Ci-6alkyl, Or NH2; R7 is Ci-6alkyl; R8 is Ci-6alkylene;
R9 is Ci-6alkyl, Ci-6alkoxy, C2-6alkenyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, Ci-3haloalkyl, CN, -C(O)R10, -C(CH2)C(O)OCH3, -C(NOH)NH2, or -OR11; or
R9 is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, Ci-6alkyl, Ci-3haloalkyl, Ci-6alkoxy, CN, and Rb; or R9 is heterocyclyl, wherein said heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from Ra and Rb; wherein Ra is CN, -C(O)R6, -NR12R13, Ci-6alkyl, Ca-ecycloalkyl, Ci-3haloalkyl, halogen, or heterocyclyl, wherein said heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, Ci-6alkyl, Ci- shaloalkyl, -SCH3, and -S(O)2CH3;
Rb is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more substitutents independently selected from -OH, halogen, Ci-6alkyl, Ci-3haloalkyl, Ci- 3haloalkoxy, CN, nitro, Ci-3alkoxy, C3-6cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, -C(O)OCH3, - SCH3, -C(O)OH, -C(O)NR12R13, -S(O)2CH3, and -C(O)CH3; R10 is -OCi-6alkyl, -NH2, -NHCH2CH3, or -N(CH3)2; R11 is Ci-6alkyl, Ci-6alkoxyCi-6alkylene, or H; or
R11 is heterocyclyl or phenyl, wherein said heterocyclyl or phenyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from Ci-3alkyl, Ci-3alkoxy, halogen, CN, -SO2CH3, -NHC(O)CH3, and Ci-3haloalkyl; R12 and R13 are each independently selected from H and d-βalkyl; m is O or 1 ; p is O or 1 ;
R1 and R2 are not both H; when R4 is H, R3 is not H; when Y is N, m is O; and when X is N, p is O.
2. A compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein R1 is halogen or CN.
3. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2 wherein R1 is CN.
4. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein R2 is Ci- 6haloalkyl, halogen, or CN.
5. A compound as claimed in claim 4 wherein R2 is CF3, Cl, or CN.
6. A compound as claimed in claim 5 wherein R is CF3.
7. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein X and Y are both C.
8. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein p is 1 and R5 is H.
9. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein m is 1 and R3 is H, Ci-6alkyl, Ci-6haloalkyl or (CH2)qRx.
10. A compound as claimed in claim 9 wherein Rx is -Cs-βcycloalkyl and q is 0.
11. A compound as claimed in claim 9 wherein R3 is Ci-6alkyl.
12. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 wherein R4 is (R8XR9)-
13. A compound as claimed in claims 12 wherein R8 is Ci-2alkylene.
14. The compound of claim 13 wherein R8 is methylene.
15. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14 wherein R9 is Ci- 3haloalkyl, -C(O)R10, or heterocyclyl, wherein said heterocyclyl is substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from Ra and Rb.
16. The compound of claim 15 wherein R9 is CF3 Or -C(O)NH2.
17. The compound of claim 15 wherein R9 is heterocyclyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from Ra and Rb.
18. The compound of claim 17 wherein Ra is heterocyclyl substituted with one or more halogens.
19. The compound of claim 17 wherein Rb is phenyl substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from Ci-3haloalkyl, CN or halogen.
20. The compound of claim 19 wherein said Ci-3haloalkyl is CF3.
21. The compound of claim 19 wherein said phenyl is substituted with is CF3.
22. A compound as claimed in claim 17 wherein said heterocyclyl is oxadiazolyl.
23. A compound as claimed in claim 1 , selected from the group consisting of Ethyl 1 -(cyclopropylmethyl)-5-nitro-1 /-/-indole-2-carboxylate; 2-Methyl-5-nitro-1-({5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole;
2-Methyl-5-nitro-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole;
1 -({5-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
Ethyl 5-hydroxy-1 -(2, 2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 /-/-indole-2-carboxylate;
Ethyl 4-chloro-5-cyano-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 /-/-indole-2-carboxylate;
Ethyl 4,5-dicyano-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 /-/-indole-2-carboxylate; Ethyl 5-hydroxy-4-iodo-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 /-/-indole-2-carboxylate;
4-Chloro-5-cyano-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1/-/-indole-2-carboxamide;
4-Chloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1f/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1f/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-formyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1f/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-[(1 Z)-1 -propen-1 -yl]-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-[(1 E)- 1 -propen-1 -yl]-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-propyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-ethenyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1/-/-indole-2,5-dicarbonitrile;
2-(Fluoromethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1f/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(fluoromethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1f/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]methyl}-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-chloro-2-
(difluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{[5-(5-cyano-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-
(difluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-(cyanomethyl)-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
Methyl [4-chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1 -yl]acetate;
2-[4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]acetamide; 2-[4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1-yl]propanamide;
2-[4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -γ\]-N,N- dimethylpropanamide;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -{[5-(2-pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-chloro-2-
(difluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -{[5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]methyl}-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -{[5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl]methyl}-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl]methyl}-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -{[3-(2-pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methyl}-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(6-fluoro-2-pyhdinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl]methyl}-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -(1 ,3-thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1 -({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-chloro-
2-(difluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-(2-pyhdinylmethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-[(5-cyclopropyl-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)methyl]-2-(difluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 -{2-[(6-fluoro-3-pyridinyl)oxy]ethyl}-1/-/-indole-
5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-(2-{[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]oxy}ethyl)-1H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-{2-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-1H-indole-
5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{2-[(4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{2-[(5-chloro-3-pyridinyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{2-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-(difluoromethyl)-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-{2-[(4-fluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
Λ/-[4-({2-[4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-(difluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 - yl]ethyl}oxy)phenyl]acetamide;
2-(Difluoromethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile;
2-(Difluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1/-/-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-(difluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile;
1 -({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-
(difluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile;
2-(Difluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-
1 /-/-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1/-/-indole-
5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
5-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole;
1 -(Cyanomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/-hydroxyethanimidamide;
1 -({5-[2-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -({5-[3-Nitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -({5-[4-Fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; i-HS-P-Chloro^-fluoro-S-^rifluoromethyOphenyll-i ^^-oxadiazol-a- yl}methyl)-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; i-^S-p-Chloro-S-CtrifluoromethyOphenyO-i ^^-oxadiazol-S-ylJmethyl)^-
(thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[4-(Methyloxy)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3-Methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-isoxazolyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3-Cyanophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonithle; 1-{[5-(3-Bromo-4-methylphenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(4-Acetylphenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile; i -HS-p-Chloro-a^trifluoromethyOphenyll-i ^^-oxadiazol-a-y^methylH-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3-Bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -({5-[2-Fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(4-Cyanophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3-Bromo-4-chlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-[(5-{4-[(trifluoromethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl)methyl]-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3-Chlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-[(5-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl)methyl]-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3-Hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3-Bromophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -{[5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -(1 ,3-Thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(2-Thienyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-
5-carbonitrile;
1 -({5-[4-(Methyloxy)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -({5-[2-(Methylthio)-3-pyridinyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -[(5-Phenyl-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -({5-[2-(Methyloxy)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 , 1 -Dimethylethyl [5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1 -yl]acetate;
1 -{[3-(2-Pyιϊdinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({3-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}methyl)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitπle; 1 -{[5-(2-Pyιϊdinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-2-furanyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(4-Methyl-1 ,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(2,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(thfluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(thfluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
3-Bromo-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
3-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole;
1 -(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole;
5-Bromo-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole;
5-Bromo-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole;
5-Bromo-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-
1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile; 2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]acetamide;
1 -(2,2-Dimethylpropyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1f/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1 -(1 ,3-thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1 -[(3-Cyanophenyl)methyl]-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1 -({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2- methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-1/-/- indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl}methyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -({3-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}methyl)-2- methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]-1 ,3,4- oxadiazol-2-yl}methyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]-Λ/-ethylacetamide;
2-Methyl-1-{[5-(3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitπle;
Λ/-[4-({2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 - yl]ethyl}oxy)phenyl]acetamide; 1-{2-[(6-Fluoro-3-pyridinyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1f/- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-(2-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy}ethyl)-
1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
3-Fluoro-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-
1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-3-fluoro-2-methyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -(1 -{5-[3-(thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}ethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{1 -[3-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{1 -[3-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-1 -methylethyl}-2-methyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-2-ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]acetamide;
1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-ethyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-
3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Ethyl-1 -(1 -ethylpropyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2-ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Ethyl-1 -(2-propen-1 -yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonithle; i-^S-^^-BisCtrifluoromethyOphenyll-i ^^-oxadiazol-S-ylJmethyO^-ethyl-
4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-ethyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2-propyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-Propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazole-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-
4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]acetamide;
2-Butyl-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Butyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-
3-yl}methyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; i -^S-^^-BisCtrifluoromethyOphenyll-i ^^-oxadiazol-S-ylJmethyO^-butyl-
4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Butyl-1-{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-butyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[2-Butyl-5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]acetamide;
2-Cyclopropyl-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1 -({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2- cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-cyclopropyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-1-{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-[5-Cyano-2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]acetamide; 1-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2-(2-methylpropyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1 -({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-(2- methylpropyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-(2-Methylpropyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-(2-methylpropyl)- 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2- methylpropyl)-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-[5-Cyano-2-(2-methylpropyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indol-1-yl]acetamide; 5-Bromo-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro- 1 /-/-indole;
5-Bromo-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 H-indole; 1 -(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 /-/-indole- 5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1- yl]acetamide;
2-Methyl-1 -(1 ,3-thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 H- indole-5-carbonithle;
1 -[(3-Cyanophenyl)methyl]-2-methyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1/-/- indole-5-carbonithle;
1 -({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2- methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1-{[5-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1 /-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-2,3- dihydro-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl}methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -({3-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}methyl)-2- methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
A/-[4-({2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1f/-indol-1- yl]ethyl}oxy)phenyl]acetamide;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-(2-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy}ethyl)-
2,3-dihydro-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-indol-1 -yl]acetamide;
2,4-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2,4- bis(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2,4- bis(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1/-/-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile;
5-Bromo-4-chloro-2-ethyl-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-
3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-benzimidazole;
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1/-/-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{[5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2- ethyl-1/-/-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-chloro-
2-ethyl-1/-/-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile; 4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1 -{[5-(2-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-1 H- benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1-({5-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl}methyl)-1/-/-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-1H- benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1 -(1 ,3-thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 /-/-benzimidazole-5- carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{[5-(2-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-(trifluoromethyl)-
1/-/-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1/-/-benzimidazole-5- carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-5-(methyloxy)-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1/-/-benzimidazole;
4-Chloro-2-ethyl-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1/-/-benzimidazol-5-ol;
1 -(CyclopropylmethyO-δ-nitro-i /-/-indazole;
5-Nitro-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H- indazole;
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1/-/-indazole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -({5-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 /-/-indazole-
4,5-dicarbonitrile; and salts or solvates thereof.
24. A compound as claimed in claim 1 , selected from the group consisting of: 4-Chloro-2-propyl-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; ^Chloro-HtS^a.S-difluorophenyO-i ^^-oxadiazol-S-yllmethyl^-propyl-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-chloro-2-propyl-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-2-methyl-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-4-chloro-2-methyl-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4- chloro-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
N-(4-{[2-(4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-propyl-1 H-indol-1 - yl)ethyl]oxy}phenyl)acetamide;
4-Chloro-1-{[5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2- propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{2-[(4-fluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{2-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4- chloro-2-methyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{[5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2- methyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{2-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-methyl-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{2-[(4-fluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-methyl-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
N-(4-{[2-(4-Chloro-5-cyano-2-methyl-1 H-indol-1 - yl)ethyl]oxy}phenyl)acetamide; 1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4- chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{[5-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2- propyl-1 H-indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-1 H-indole-
4,5-dicarbonitrile;
2-Propyl-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H- indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-1 H- indole-4,5-dicarbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-
(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-{[5-(2,6-dichloro-4-pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2- propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1-({5-[3-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-isoxazolyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-
3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1 -{[5-(1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-
2-propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1 -({5-[5-chloro-1 -methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl]-
1 , 2, 4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1 -({5-[1 -methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-1 -({5-[1 -methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 4-Trifluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]methyl}-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]methyl}-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(4-Chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-[(5-{3-Chloro-4-[(trifluoromethyl)oxy]phenyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl)methyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3-Chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3-Chloro-2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(2,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(5-Chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3-Chloro-4,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3-Chloro-2,6-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -({5-[3-Chloro-2,5-difluoro-4-(1 H-imidazol-1 -yl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -({5-[2-(1 H-lmidazol-1 -yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1 -{1 -[3-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]ethyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-isoxazolyl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-[(3-Phenyl-5-isoxazolyl)methyl]-2-propyl-4-(tπfluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1-[(3-Phenyl-5-isoxazolyl)methyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-isoxazolyl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1-[(3-phenyl-5-isoxazolyl)methyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyridinyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-[(5-Cyclopropyl-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)methyl]-2-propyl-4-(thfluoromethyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-1 H- indole-5-carbonithle;
1-({5-[4-(1 ,1-Dimethylethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-
4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[2-(Methylthio)-3-pyridinyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-Propyl-1 -(1 ,3-thiazol-4-ylmethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
5-{[5-Cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1-yl]methyl}-2- furancarboxamide; i-^S-Cyano^-furanyOmethyll^-propyl^-^rifluoromethyO-I H-indole-S- carbonitrile;
1-(Cyanomethyl)-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Propyl-1-{[5-(2-thienyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(2,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3-Cyanophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile; i-^S-^-Chloro^-fluoro-S-CtrifluoromethyOphenyll-i ^^-oxadiazol-S- yl}methyl)-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-{[5-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]methyl}-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[2-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2- propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[2-Chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2- propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(2,5-Dichloro-3-thienyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1-{[5-(2,5-Dichlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(tπfluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(tπfluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-2-chlorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(tπfluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(2-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(2,5-Dichloro-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(4-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(2-Chloro-5-iodophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(5-Chloro-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
Methyl 4-chloro-3-(3-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 - yl]methyl}-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzoate;
1-{[5-(2-Chloro-5-nitrophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(tπfluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-Chloro-3-(3-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]methyl}-
1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzamide;
4-Chloro-3-(3-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]methyl}-
1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-N-methylbenzamide;
4-Chloro-3-(3-{[5-cyano-2-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]methyl}-
1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-N,N-dimethylbenzamide;
1-({5-[2-(Methylthio)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-propyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1-{[5-(Dimethylamino)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-propyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[2-Chloro-5-(methylthio)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2- propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[2-Chloro-5-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2- propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1 H-indol-1- yl]acetamide;
1-{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-2-(3Λ3-trifluoropropyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazol-4- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[2-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2- methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2- furanyl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazol-4- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[2-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 1-({2-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl}methyl)-2-methyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2- thienyl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)-2-methyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1-({4-methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazol-5-yl}methyl)-
4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-{[3'-(trifluoromethyl)-3-biphenylyl]methyl}-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-{[4'-(trifluoromethyl)-3-biphenylyl]methyl}-
1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[3',5'-bis(Trifluoromethyl)-3-biphenylyl]methyl}-2-methyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({2-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazol-5-yl}methyl)-2-methyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-thiazol-5- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-isoxazolyl}methyl)-2-methyl-4-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3- isoxazolyl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-[(3-Bromo-5-isoxazolyl)methyl]-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1 -[(5-Chloro-1 ,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)methyl]-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonithle; 1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2- methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4- thiadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -[(1 R)-2-Hydroxy-1 -methylethyl]-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
N-[4-({(2R)-2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1- yl]propyl}oxy)phenyl]acetamide;
1 -{(1 R)-2-[(6-Fluoro-3-pyridinyl)oxy]-1 -methylethyl}-2-methyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1 -[(1 R)-1 -methyl-2-(3-pyridinyloxy)ethyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{2-[(4-Fluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-(tπfluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1 -[(1 R)-1 -methyl-2-(2-pyridinyloxy)ethyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-(2-Hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{2-[(6-Fluoro-3-pyπdinyl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1-[2-(3-pyridinyloxy)propyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
N-[4-({2-[5-Cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]-1 - methylethyl}oxy)phenyl]acetamide;
2-Methyl-1-[2-(2-pyridinyloxy)propyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1-{2-[(4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{2-[(6-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)oxy]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-(tπfluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-Methyl-1-[2-(methyloxy)ethyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1-(2-{[2-(methyloxy)ethyl]oxy}ethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-
5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1 -[(1 R)-1 -methyl-2-(methyloxy)ethyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H- indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-(2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1-[2-(methyloxy)propyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1-[2-methyl-2-(methyloxy)propyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
1-(3-Hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1-[3-(methyloxy)propyl]-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
Methyl 2-{[5-cyano-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1 -yl]methyl}-2- propenoate;
1-(3-Hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-1-[2-methyl-3-(methyloxy)propyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5- carbonitrile;
2-methyl-4-(Trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[3-(thfluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-oxazol-4- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; i-^-^^-bisCTrifluoromethyOphenyll-i ^-oxazol^-ylJmethyO^-methyl^-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
Methyl 3-[5-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-
1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indol-2-yl]propanoate; i-^S-^^-bis^rifluoromethyOphenyll^-furanylJmethyO^-cyclopropyl^-
(thfluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-Cyclopropyl-1-{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-2-furanyl]methyl}-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-1-({5-[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-furanyl}methyl)-
4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}-2-cyclopropyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-i H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}-2-cyclopropyl-4-
(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3- thiazol-4-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3,4- oxadiazol-2-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-2-cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1-yl]-N- ethylacetamide;
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[4-(tnfluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-
1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[6-(tnfluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-
1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-1-({5-[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl}methyl)-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[2-(thfluoromethyl)-4-pyhdinyl]-
1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 H-1 ,2,4- thazol-5-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3- oxazol-4-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-oxazol-5- yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile; 2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,3- oxazol-5-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-Cyclopropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[5-(tπfluoromethyl)-3-pyπdinyl]-
1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2,4- bis(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-({5-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-
(2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-2-(2,2,2-thfluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1- yl]acetamide;
1-{[5-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2-(2,2,2- thfluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-
1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1-{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-(2,2,2- thfluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-(1 , 1 -Difluoroethyl)-1 -{[5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-(1 , 1 -Difluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 -({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-
1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -{[5-(5-Bromo-3-pyridinyl)-1 ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2-(1 , 1 -difluoroethyl)-
4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
1 -({5-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2-(1 , 1 - difluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-indole-5-carbonitrile;
2-[5-Cyano-2-(1 ,1-difluoroethyl)-4-(thfluoromethyl)-1 H-indol-1-yl]acetamide; and salts and solvates thereof.
25. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 24, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
26. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 24 for use as an active therapeutic substance.
27. A method for the treatment of hypogonadism, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, muscle wasting, wasting diseases, cancer cachexia, frailty, prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, breast cancer, menopausal and andropausal vasomotor conditions, urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, depression, uterine fibroid disease, endometriosis, acne, hirsutism, male contraception, impotence, and a method of male and female hormone replacement therapy, stimulation of hematopoiesis, and anabolism, comprising the administration of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 24.
28. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 24 for use in the treatment of hypogonadism, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, muscle wasting, wasting diseases, cancer cachexia, frailty, prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, breast cancer, menopausal and andropausal vasomotor conditions, urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, depression, uterine fibroid disease, endometriosis, acne, hirsutism, male contraception, impotence, and in the use as male and female hormone replacement therapy, as a stimulant of hematopoiesis, and as an anabolic agents.
29. Use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 24 in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of hypogonadism, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, muscle wasting, wasting diseases, cancer cachexia, frailty, prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, breast cancer, menopausal and andropausal vasomotor conditions, urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, depression, uterine fibroid disease, endometriosis, acne, hirsutism, male contraception, impotence, and in the use as male and female hormone replacement therapy, as a stimulant of hematopoiesis, and as an anabolic agent.
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