WO2007143885A1 - An insulated and soundproof block and a masonry method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

An insulated and soundproof block with partition grooves and a masonry method therefor are provided. The partition grooves are interlaced and spaced apart with each other in the block and impenetrate the block from the top down, and the block is made of aggregate and 15 - 21% binder by weight. The binder comprises gypsum, lime and cement, and the aggregate comprises flyash, slag or builders rubbish. The masonry method is as follows: forming a mortar dry powder by mixing the aggregate same as that of the block and cement with a weight ratio for obtaining subsequently finished mortar with a compressive strength more than 10-15Mpa, then mixing the mortar dry powder and water for making the finished mortar with 80-100cm slump constant, finally, plastering the finished mortar only in tooth joints and flat joints of the block, in which, the blocks are rigidly bonded with each other.

Description

 Insulation sound insulation block and masonry method

 The invention relates to a wall material for building, in particular to a thermal insulation sound block and a masonry method. Background technique

 The world is now in a state of energy shortage. In addition, the limited energy provided by the earth will soon be used up. Therefore, in addition to developing new energy, energy consumption must be saved as much as possible, and building energy consumption accounts for 46.7% of China's total energy consumption. Therefore, from July 1 this year, the country must save 50% energy (some cities save 65%), in order to cope with the existing tensions. In China, energy consumption in building energy consumption accounts for 30% of total energy consumption, and developed countries only account for 10%. China's building energy consumption is three times that of developed countries. Nowadays, the common method in the world is the composite wall with insulation material as the main body. . The same is true in China, which increases the cost of construction and brings a lot of inconvenience, so it is imperative to develop new materials.

 From the view of the masonry: Take the 390x190x190 block as an example, because the block made by the prior art is large (3⁄4 in the middle, 130mm in the hole), you must use a plug to block the hole, and The tooth gap is too sturdy (190mm), it is difficult to lay the pulp, the speed is very slow, and the operator is not willing to do it. Therefore, it is very difficult to promote this kind of block in China, and the plastering surface is 26%. The bonding strength is not enough, it must be separated by a distance. Add steel reinforcement to the hole to increase the strength. The low-precision grade is 390x190x190. After the masonry, the mortar should be leveled (the paddle must be applied inside and outside the wall), which accounts for 10-15% of the cost, 30% of the construction period, and 30% of the labor. In addition, various blocks including clay blocks have insurmountable stress cracks and deformation cracks. Summary of the invention

 In order to overcome the above deficiencies, the object of the present invention is to provide a thermal insulation sound-insulating block and a masonry method capable of realizing a stress-free crack and a 'deformation crack, a high joint strength, an energy saving, a low consumption, and a quickness of a wall after masonry.

 In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

 Insulation and soundproof block: It has a partition groove. The width, composition and number of partitions are determined according to the building structure and energy saving requirements of each area. The partition is placed above and below the block, separated and staggered. The seam surface is a longitudinally symmetrical structure; the weight of the block is 15 to 21 °/ in terms of weight percentage. The binder, the balance of the aggregate; wherein the binder is 5-7% gypsum, 5-7% white ash and 5-7% cement; the aggregate is fly ash, slag, construction waste or slag ;

 The block compressive strength is ≥5Mpa, the tolerance in size is ±0.20mm, the tooth gap is 115mm; the aggregate particle is less than or equal to 10mm; the partition groove width is 10-30mm, in the block tooth surface The edge has at least one partition groove section; the gap of the partition groove accounts for 30-45% of the total surface of the block joint;

When the block is a load-bearing block, the compressive strength is ≥10Mpa, and the aggregate is slag, construction waste or slag; and the block is a non-load-bearing block for the frame structure, and the pressure resistance is Strength ≥5Mpa, in the ingredients The aggregate is fly ash.

 The method for laying the thermal insulation sound block: the bonding between the blocks is rigid bonding, no gray mouth; the sand powder is made of fly ash, slag, construction waste or mixed content of slag and cement, mixing ratio In order to make the compressive strength of the mortar ≥10-15Mpa, and then mix it with water according to the slump degree of 80-100cm, only plaster on the joints and flat joints of the block;

 The concrete operation of the tooth gap and flat seam in the block is as follows: Place a plastering tool on the tooth gap and flat seam surface of the block, and block the gap of the partition groove to expose the solid part of the block, and pour the mortar into the block. Wherein, after the scraping seam and the flat seam, the plastering tool is withdrawn, and the next block is continued; the plastering tool is an L-shaped sheet structure corresponding to the surface structure of the block, that is, at the partition groove of the block For the solid part, there is a gap at the solid of the block, and the short side dimension of the L-shape corresponds to the size of the block surface of the block;

 The block is a load-bearing block, the slag, the construction waste or the slag and the cement weight percentage in the sand powder are formulated to make the sand compressive strength greater than or equal to lOMpa; the block is a non-load bearing for the frame structure In the case of block, the percentage of fly ash and cement in the sand powder is formulated to make the sand pressure resistance ≥ l'5Mpa.

 The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. Sound insulation effect is good. The partition groove of the invention fully adopts the principles of thermal engineering and heat transfer, and organizes the airflow well, and the air, according to the structural change of the block itself, encloses the required shape, width, length, etc. according to requirements, and fully utilizes the thermal conductivity coefficient. The principle of the invention is achieved, and the insulation and energy saving requirements are achieved without additional insulation layer, and the sound insulation reaches 65 decibels. However, the world's common non-insulated blocks (390x 190x 190 blocks) are all concrete, the thermal conductivity λ=1.72 / ηνΚ, the middle cavity is too large, the air inside the hole is automatically convected under the external temperature difference, the heat release The coefficient ct = 7.5 _W / m ² * K (nearly five times the thermal conductivity of the masonry), so the heat preservation effect is not good, R = 0.12 w / m ^{2 -} K, and the heat insulation is not good.

 2. When the block is built, the plastering tool (corresponding to the surface structure of the block, L-shaped sheet structure) can easily block the gap of the partition groove, the plastering is very fast, and the plastering surface can be reached. 70%, high bonding strength, saving money, labor saving, labor saving, overcoming the existing technology, the block on the masonry is more difficult to use, and it is more difficult to use the plug to block the hole and then grout the mortar. It is inconvenient to operate, difficult to promote, and insufficient strength in combination, which is very popular among operators.

 3. From the precision point of view, the accuracy of the block of the invention is ±20mm, which can eliminate the double-faced plastering process, and the low-precision grade of the prior art such as 390x 190x 190 (the plastering accounts for 10-15% of the project cost) , the construction period accounts for 30%, and the labor force is 30%.) Compared with the mortar, the mortar is not leveled after the masonry, saving labor and materials.

 4. Since the block of the invention has no gray mouth during the period, the block is rigidly bonded during the laying, the sand paddle and the block aggregate are the same, the thermal expansion and contraction coefficient are the same; and the block has the unjoined body The part of the cleavage section can be slightly deformed after demolding, eliminating the internal stress of the forming. Unlike the prior art (such as 390x 190x 190), there is a large internal stress during the press forming of the block. Overcome the problem of stress cracks and deformation cracks.

5. The preparation process of the block of the invention can adopt the traditional clay block modulus relationship and related design, construction and acceptance specifications of China, and unlike other blocks, there must be thousands of shapes to meet the requirements, and the present invention only needs to have one. The whole block and an auxiliary block can be 240x115x57.

 6. The block of the invention is a green environmentally friendly material, which reduces many environmental protection investments. It is expressed in the following four aspects: 1) The materials used are wastes other than domestic garbage, such as construction waste, fly ash, slag, slag, etc., all of which are green wall materials; 2) no secondary pollution in the production process, ώ For reasons of energy saving, the block building of the invention can reduce air pollution by 65%; 3) has good heat preservation effect; 4) the material can be reused after being broken.

 7. Add a binder to the block formula to make it stronger. The other two binders will not be watered after being proportioned and can be replenished with each other (for example: white ash to release water, cement to absorb water) Increase strength.

 8. The invention has good economic and social benefits, as follows:

 Α. Economic benefits: .

1) The advanced technology is reflected in the economic benefits. After the same price as other blocks, the building blocks can be used to build energy-saving houses. The construction cost can be reduced by 80 yuan Λιι ² (building area), which is very popular among real estate developers. The profit of the manufacturer of the block production wall material of the invention can be about 100-200%.

 2) Energy saving. Compared with the various blocks in the prior art, the building block energy-saving house of the invention can save a lot of coal, electric power, boiler, pipeline, radiator, etc., and can purify the environment.

 3) The implementation of the present invention will be a requirement for the development of the construction industry. China needs 300 million tons of pulverized coal per year. If the blocks used in the invention can save 200 million tons of coal per year, the block of the present invention is the best product to replace the clay block to build energy-saving buildings. It will be the construction industry. urgent need.

 Β. Social benefits

An important part of building a harmonious society in China is how to arrange the employment of laid-off and unemployed people. The block of the invention is a labor-intensive enterprise. In the production of blocks, for example, a factory with an annual output of 100,000 Μ ³ needs to produce 80 workers. DRAWINGS

 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a block (flat seam) according to an embodiment of the present invention. '

 Figure 2 is a side view (tooth) of Figure 1.

 Figure 3 is a plan view of Figure 5.

 Figure 4 is a right side view of Figure 5.

 Figure 5 is a front view of the plastering tool. detailed description

 Example 1

Insulation and soundproof block (bearing), with partition groove, determine the block width, composition, and the number of partitions according to the regional structure and energy-saving requirements; see Figure 1, 2 (where 1 is the partition), the partition The trough is vertically and vertically disposed in the block, separated and staggered, and has a longitudinal symmetrical structure on the flat surface; at least one partition groove cross section at the edge of the block tooth surface (in this embodiment, a plurality of rectangular blocks, from the flat When viewed from the seam, there are 7 partition grooves on the flow passage with a width of 15 mm); the gap of the partition groove accounts for 30-45% of the total surface of the flat joint of the block; Percentage, the block composition is 15% binder, 85% slag (ore powder, particles are 10mm); wherein the binder is 5% hard stone 3⁄4 ^; (anhydrous calcium sulfate (CaS0 ₄ )), 5 % white ash and 5% cement (425# purchased product). The block has a compressive strength of 10 MPa, a dimensional tolerance of 0.20 mm, and a tooth gap of 115 mm.

 Masonry method: The bond between the blocks is rigid and there is no gray mouth; the main ingredients of the dry powder are the same as the aggregate of the block, namely: the mixed composition of slag and cement, the mixing ratio can make The compressive strength of the mortar is 10 MPa weight ratio (80% slag and 20% cement in this embodiment), and then mixed with water according to the slump degree of 80 cm (the amount of water added in this embodiment is 1 ton of dry powder per ton of mortar) After tons of water), only plaster on the joints and flat joints of the block; the specific operation is as follows: Place a plastering tool on the joints and flat joints of the block (first cover the flat seam part of the block and one All of the side seams, the gap of the partition groove is blocked, the solid part of the block is exposed, the mortar is poured on it, the scraping tool is scraped off with a scraper and the flat seam is removed, and then the other part of the block is placed Side, the same as above (the total plastering surface is close to 70%); the next block is renewed.

 The plastering tool is an L-shaped sheet structure corresponding to the surface structure of the block, that is, a solid part at the partition groove of the block, a slit at the solid of the block, and a long side of the L-shaped block is a block. The distance from the center of the longitudinal direction to the pair of sides corresponds to the half block size, and the short side dimension of the L shape corresponds to the size of the block tooth surface (Fig. 3-5, wherein the reference numeral 2 is the solid portion of the partition groove).

 The method of the invention is quick and labor-saving, and is about 1 times more efficient than the prior art clay block masonry, and more than 3 times more efficient than other masonry blocks. Moreover, the masonry construction process is simple, the labor intensity is not large, and the work efficiency is high. It is also a major reform in the masonry work.

 Example 2

The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the block is a non-load-bearing block for the frame structure, and the aggregate is 79% fly ash and 21% binder (7% by weight). Combination of gypsum (CaS0 ₄ 2H20), 7% white ash and 7% alkaline cement) with a tolerance of 0.10 mm in size, a compressive strength of 5 MPa, a partition groove width of 20 mm, and a dry powder composition (by weight percentage) For example, it is 70% fly ash and 30% cement, so that its compressive strength is 15Mpa, and it is mixed with water in the amount of 100cm slump (3 tons of water per 1 ton of sand).

The block of the invention can reduce the cost per M ² building area by 80 yuan/M ² under the premise of the same price, the effective area increases by about 5%, and the construction period is 30% ahead, which reduces the labor intensity. .

 Principle of insulation - '

The thermal insulation sound block of the invention adopts the principle of minimum thermal conductivity of air to change the structure of the body, determines the wall material and width according to the climatic conditions and structural requirements of each region, and changes the number and width of the broken grooves to realize the use. Add insulation layer to achieve the purpose of heat preservation and energy saving. The thermal resistance value of the thermal insulation block of the invention is 240 mm wide: load-bearing material R=1.29 m ² , K/w, light material R=1.44 πι ² ·ΚΛν; thermal resistance value of 300 mm width: load-bearing material R=1.5 m -K /w, light material R=1.71 m ² *K/w; 360mm thick thermal resistance value: load-bearing material R=1.85 m ² -I 7w, light material R=2.1 ηα ² ·ΚΑν; 420mm thick thermal resistance Value: Load-bearing material R=2.24 m ² _K/w; The above is tested by Dalian University of Technology Vibration and Strength Testing Center, Shandong Construction Engineering Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, and Liaoning Provincial Engineering Quality Testing Center. In contrast, the country-like block 390x190x190, with a density of 190 mm, has a thermal resistance value of R = 0.12 m ² 'K/w; the clay block is 240 mm wide and R = 0.275 m ² 'K/w, the present invention If the difference is a thousand times, you can reach the insulation demand of each region without adding insulation layer. For example, if you build a house with 65% energy saving, K=0.65w/m ^{2 is required} , and other blocks with light body structure need 300mm wide and 60mm thick polystyrene board, and with the block of the invention 240mm wide, K=l can be satisfied. /1.44+0.15=0.628w/m ² 'K, less than 0.65w/m ² 'K, meeting the requirement of 65% energy saving.

 The masonry of the present invention is very different from the clay blocks and other blocks in the prior art in the masonry process. First, the bonding between the block and the block is rigid, and there is no gray mouth portion, thus completely solving the clay masonry. Force cracks and deformation cracks that cannot be solved by blocks and other blocks. The formation of stress cracks and deformation cracks (taking clay blocks as an example): size 240x115x53, gray mouth 8-12mm, equivalent to 20% thickness of clay block; and mortar composition is different, during masonry The mechanized construction speed is very fast, but the mortar part is soft. For example, a layer of room 髙 three meters is equivalent to 50 layers of block thickness. If each layer of ash is deformed by 0.1mm, the total sinking amount is 5mm. After a period of sinking, the gap is revealed, which is the force crack; in addition, the thermal expansion and contraction coefficient of the mortar is different from that of the clay block and other blocks. Under the action of temperature, due to thermal expansion and contraction Different coefficients have different deformations, and the stress superposition produces cracks in a weak part. As the block, the internal stress during molding is also released along with the temperature change. However, since the block of the present invention has no gray mouth and rigid bonding, there is no problem of force cracking; and the mortar component of the gray mouth is the same as the aggregate component of the block, and there is no reaction with different thermal expansion and contraction coefficients. And the block automatically removes the internal stress of the forming through the partition groove after the molding release, and does not reflect it after the wall is built. This is a revolution in the history of architecture, which solves the problem that cannot be solved for thousands of years. .

 The heat-insulating block of the invention changes the tolerance of the general block when processing, and the concept of the mud is not uniform, the manufacturing tolerance of the heat-insulating block is within ±0.20 mm, so as long as the operation is carried out according to the operation specification, the wall The two sides are free of plastering, which is a costly, labor-intensive and laborious process. It can directly enter the interior and exterior decoration stage. This can reduce the construction cost by 10%, save labor by 30%, and advance the construction period by 30%.

 Processing: According to the structural requirements of each region (such as load-bearing or non-load-bearing, several layers of high, construction Si design and construction requirements) to determine the size of the best block suitable for the local, and the size of the void; in China according to different regions The block size is from 150, 180, 240, 300 to 360mm in width, and the length is 240mm, 300mm, 360mm according to the weight of the aggregate, but the height must be 115mm. This is the implementation of China's clay block specification, its purpose is to reduce Construction cost, speed up the progress of the project and reduce labor intensity.

According to the climatic conditions and energy-saving insulation requirements of each region, determine the width of the partition and the number of partitions to achieve energy-saving insulation requirements, and the values of the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient K reflected by the surrounding energy-saving structures are different according to the formula K. =l/ ( l/aj+ξ (σ/λ) +Α +1/α ₂ ).

λ 为砌体材料的导热系数 w/nvK; σ为砌体材料的厚度 m_; R₀为隔断槽的热阻 m²，K/w_; A为隔断槽的条数。 · Where: is the heat release coefficient w/m ² of the inner wall surface, K; a ₂ is the heat release coefficient of the outer wall surface

λ is the thermal conductivity w/nvK of the masonry material; σ is the thickness m of the masonry material _; R ₀ is the thermal resistance m ² , K/w of the partition groove _; A is the number of the partition grooves. ·

The aggregates of different regions are different. Firstly, the granules are pulverized into no more than 10mm. After chemical analysis, it is determined that there is no harmful radioactivity. The aggregate formula is determined according to the requirements of the building structure, and the number of partitions is determined according to the energy-saving requirements. The mold aggregate ingredients are matched, and the mixture is extruded and extruded into the block. The high-pressure culture equipment with economic strength is generally not less than 28 days in the open-air health maintenance period of the site. ,

 In order to accelerate the degree of hardening of the block and reduce the amount of the stripper, 5% of the gypsum is added to the composition of the present invention.

(CaS0 ₃ ), hardens quickly, and can be picked up by hand in about 30-50 minutes.

 The thermal data is shown in Table 1:

 Table 1 Thermal data

26 12 2.19 0.43 2.44 0.39 0.43

26 12 2.19 0.43 2.44 0.39 0.43

27 240x370 1 15 14 2.53 0.37 2.78 0.34 0.43

28 240x420x 115 16 2.87 0.33 3.22 0.30 0.43 The above data is calculated according to the test results of the Dalian University of Technology Vibration and Strength Testing Center, Shandong Provincial Construction Engineering Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, and Liaoning Provincial Engineering Quality Inspection Center. Indicates:

1. The technical indicators of the products of the invention conform to the requirements of the building system. For example, the bulk density is 1370kg/ni ³ (supporting 11 blocks), the void ratio is 40%, more than 25%, the water content is 16%, and the relative water content is 31. %, less than 40%; compressive strength average MPa = 15.7, softening coefficient is 0.96; compressive strength after freezing is 11.7, less than 25%, mass loss after freezing is 0.3%, less than 1.5%. .

 2. Masonry structure index: The compressive strength of masonry structure is 6.8MPa, the shear strength of masonry structure is 0.5MPa, the bending strength of masonry structure is 0.44MPa, and the joint of masonry structure is resistant to bending. The strength is 0.8MPa, the elastic modulus of the masonry structure is l.lMPa, and the Poisson's ratio of the masonry structure is 0.28. These mechanical properties are in line with the technical requirements of the national small hollow block.

Comparison Note - The 390x190x190 block is now used as a comparative example (it is a universal product, and it is more convincing). First, thermal insulation performance, thermal resistance value of 390x 190x190 block R=0.16m ² -K/w, due to the large gap, the heat release coefficient under the convection of the eye hole is greatly increased, _ai =7.5w/m ₂ , K, which is equivalent to five times the thermal conductivity of concrete = 1.52w/mK, so the heat insulation is not good; the thermal resistance value of a heat insulating groove of the thermal insulation block of the present invention is 0.17 ηι ² · ΚΛν, which is 10 mm wide; 240 mm wide 5 The insulation effect of the channel partition is equivalent to the insulation effect of 390x190x190 block 1000mm wide.

 Second, from the view of the masonry, the plaster surface of the 390x 190x190 block is 26%. In order to prevent the ash from falling into the cavity, a tool must be used to block the hole. The construction efficiency is too low, and the strength is separated by a distance. The steel bar grouting is placed; while the block of the invention has a surface of 65%, and a special plastering tool is used, the speed is very fast, and the reinforcing bar is not required.

 3. From the crack point of view, the common problem after the 390x190x190 block is a wall is: force crack and deformation crack, it is mainly because the gray mouth is too thick and the mortar composition and block are different, the thermal expansion and contraction coefficient are different. And the internal stress caused by the formation of the block; and the block of the invention has no gray mouth, the composition of the mortar powder is consistent with the block aggregate, and the block is demoulded at the same time because some parts are not slightly deformed by the joint body. The internal stress of the forming is eliminated, so that the above two types of cracks are not formed after the block wall of the present invention.

 4. From the perspective of tolerance, the 390x 190x190 block has too much tolerance during the processing. Therefore, the two sides must be sanded and ashed after the masonry. The amount of this project accounts for about 10% of the total cost, 30% of the construction period, and 30% of the labor. %. However, the machining tolerance of the block of the present invention is ±0.20 mm. If the work is done according to the operation rules, the two-side plastering work can be canceled and directly transferred to the decoration.

Claims

1. A thermal insulation sound-insulating block having a partition groove, characterized by: determining the width, composition, and number of partition grooves according to the structure of the local area and energy conservation; the partition groove is disposed above the block in the upper and lower directions. Separating method, staggered layout, longitudinally symmetrical structure on the flat surface; in terms of weight percentage, the block composition is 15~21% binder, balance of aggregate; wherein the adhesive is 5-7% gypsum , 5-7% white ash and 5-7% cement; the aggregate is fly ash, mining, construction waste or slag.  2. The thermal insulation sound insulating block according to claim 1, wherein: said block has a compressive strength of ≥ 5 MPa, a tolerance of ± 0.20 mm in dimension, and a pitch of 115 mm; said aggregate particle is less than or equal to 10mm.  3. The thermal insulation sound block according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the partition groove width is 10-30 mm, and at least one partition groove section is formed at the edge of the block tooth surface; the gap of the partition groove accounts for the total flat seam of the block 30-45% of the surface.  4. The thermal insulation sound block according to claim 1, wherein: the block is a load-bearing block, and the compressive strength is ≥10^3⁄43&, and the aggregate is slag, construction waste or slag.  5. The thermal insulation sound insulating block according to claim 1, wherein: when the block is a non-load bearing block for a frame structure, the compressive strength is ≥5 MPa, and the aggregate material in the composition is fly ash. .  6. A method for laying a heat-insulating sound-insulating block according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bonding between the blocks is rigid bonding, and there is no gray mouth; the dry powder of the mortar is made of fly ash, slag, construction waste Or the mixture of slag and cement, the mixing ratio is such that the compressive strength of the mortar is ≥10-15Mpa, and then mixed with water according to the slump degree of 80-100cm, only in the joint of the block, Plastering at the flat seam.  7. The method for laying a thermal insulation sound block according to claim 6, wherein: the tooth gap and the flat plaster in the block are specifically operated as follows: placing a plastering tool on the tooth gap and flat seam of the block On the surface, the gap of the partition groove is blocked, the solid part of the block is exposed, the mortar is poured thereon, the trowel tool is removed after scraping the seam and the flat seam, and the next block is continued.  8. The method for laying a thermal insulation sound block according to claim 6, wherein: the plastering tool is an L-shaped sheet structure corresponding to the surface structure of the block, that is, a solid portion at the partition groove of the block. In the solid of the block is a gap, and the short side dimension of the L-shape corresponds to the size of the tooth surface of the block.  9. The method for laying a thermal insulation sound block according to claim 6, wherein: when the block is a load-bearing block, the slag, construction waste or slag and cement weight percentage in the dry powder of the sand pad are matched to make the sand paddle The compressive strength is greater than or equal to 10 MPa. 10. The method for laying a thermal insulation sound block according to claim 6, wherein: when the block is a non-load bearing block for the frame structure, the percentage of fly ash and cement in the dry powder of the sand pad is matched to Sand paddle pressure resistance