WO2007105802A1 - カーボン系固体酸、それからなる触媒およびそれを触媒として用いる反応 - Google Patents
カーボン系固体酸、それからなる触媒およびそれを触媒として用いる反応 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007105802A1 WO2007105802A1 PCT/JP2007/055297 JP2007055297W WO2007105802A1 WO 2007105802 A1 WO2007105802 A1 WO 2007105802A1 JP 2007055297 W JP2007055297 W JP 2007055297W WO 2007105802 A1 WO2007105802 A1 WO 2007105802A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/053—Sulfates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
- B01J31/08—Ion-exchange resins
- B01J31/10—Ion-exchange resins sulfonated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
- B01J37/084—Decomposition of carbon-containing compounds into carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B61/00—Other general methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/03—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by addition of hydroxy groups to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. with the aid of H2O2
- C07C29/04—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by addition of hydroxy groups to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. with the aid of H2O2 by hydration of carbon-to-carbon double bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
- C07C41/05—Preparation of ethers by addition of compounds to unsaturated compounds
- C07C41/06—Preparation of ethers by addition of compounds to unsaturated compounds by addition of organic compounds only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/52—Esters of acyclic unsaturated carboxylic acids having the esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C69/533—Monocarboxylic acid esters having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C69/54—Acrylic acid esters; Methacrylic acid esters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sulfonic acid group-containing carbonaceous material obtained by carbonizing and sulfonating an organic substance (hereinafter referred to as “carbon-based solid acid”), a catalyst comprising the same, and olefin hydration using the catalyst as a catalyst. It relates to various reaction methods. Background art
- Solid acids are useful for various applications, and are expected for reasons such as enabling simple process power when used as catalysts for various reactions in industrial processes.
- Various solid acids have been developed. Yes.
- One of the typical solid acids is the ion exchange resin, which is a polymer having a sulfonic acid group.
- Nafion which is a highly heat-resistant resin, has been developed, but it is too expensive for use in industrial applications. Under such circumstances, carbon-based solid acids obtained by carbonizing and sulfonating aromatic compounds and saccharides have been developed, and have attracted attention recently because of their high performance (high activity) and low cost.
- Non-patent document 1 Non-patent document 2, Non-patent document 3, Patent document 1, Patent document 2.
- the solid acid is useful as a catalyst for urephine hydration.
- Olefin hydration is an important reaction for the production of alcohols and ketones, and is used industrially.
- Isopropyl alcohol or 2-butyl alcohol methylethyl canne is produced by various methods utilizing hydration of propylene or n-butene (Non-patent Documents 4 and 5).
- the recently developed carbon-based solid acid is said to be able to use various organic substances as raw materials, such as condensed aromatic compounds such as naphthalene coronene, heavy oil and pitch containing condensed aromatic compounds, glucose, Examples using starch and the like have been disclosed, but there are still many unclear points, and it cannot be said that a manufacturing prescription has been established for an industrially practical level of performance.
- condensed aromatic compounds such as naphthalene coronene, heavy oil and pitch containing condensed aromatic compounds, glucose, Examples using starch and the like have been disclosed, but there are still many unclear points, and it cannot be said that a manufacturing prescription has been established for an industrially practical level of performance.
- olefin hydration 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene hydration is carried out at low temperatures (70, ° C) using these carbon-based solid acids as catalysts.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Satoshi Takagaki, Atsuko Nomura, Yukazu Hara, Shigenobu Hayashi, Kazunari Doun “Synthesis and Catalysis of Carbon-Based Solid Strong Acids” The 85th Annual Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan (2005) 2B5-43
- Non-Patent Document 2 Satoshi Takagaki, Atsuko Nomura, Kazunari Domura, Takashi Hayashi, Shigenobu Hayashi, Toshikazu Hara "Synthesis and Character of Carbon-based Solid Strong Acids with High Surface Area 'Ression", 96th Catalytic Conference (2005) , 4E-21
- Non-Patent Document 3 Nature, 438, 10, pl78, November, 2005
- Non-Patent Document 4 Catalyst, Vol. 18, No. 6 p. 180-184, 1976
- Non-Patent Literature 5 Journal of Petroleum Institute of Japan, Vol. 34, No. 3, p. 201-209, 1991
- Non-Patent Literature 6 Ange. C em. Int. Ed., 43, 2955-2958 (2004)
- Patent Literature 1 JP 2004-238311 A
- Patent Document 2 Pamphlet of International Publication No. 2005/029508 ⁇ Disclosure of Invention
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a carbon-based solid acid having high activity and high thermal stability and useful as a catalyst for various reactions such as olefin hydration.
- the first of the present invention is a carbon-based solid acid obtained by carbonization and sulfonation of an organic substance, and the decrease rate of the acid amount when immersed in hot water at 120 ° C. for 2 hours is 10 mol. % Bon-based solid acid.
- a second aspect of the present invention is a carbon-based solid acid according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the organic substance comprises a saccharide having a 3 1-4 daricoside bond.
- a third aspect of the present invention is a carbon-based solid acid according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the organic substance is cellulose or lignin.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is a carbon-based solid acid according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the organic substance is mainly composed of amylose.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention there is provided the production of an olefin hydrate product characterized in that the olefin hydration reaction is carried out in the presence of the force-based solid acid according to any one of the first to fourth aspects of the present invention. Is the method.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention is a method for producing ethers, characterized in that an etherification reaction of olefin is performed in the presence of a strong monobon solid acid according to any one of the first to fourth aspects of the present invention. It is.
- an ester which comprises an esterification reaction in which an acid and an alcohol are reacted in the presence of a monobon solid acid according to any one of the first to fourth aspects of the present invention. It is a manufacturing method.
- the eighth aspect of the present invention is a carbon-based solid acid obtained by carbonization and sulfonation of an organic substance, and the decrease rate of the acid amount when immersed in hot water at 120 ° C. for 2 hours is 10 mol. % Of carbon-based solid acid catalyst.
- the carbon-based solid acid of the present invention has high heat and chemical stability, and it is difficult for the acid to be eliminated by hydrolysis or the like even at high temperatures. High durability (long life) is expected in various applications.
- the carbon-based solid acid of the present invention can be produced at low cost and can be supplied in large quantities for industrial use.
- when used as a catalyst in various polar reactions such as olefin hydration and J1 monoterization it shows high reaction activity, eliminating the need for a neutralization purification step after reaction, and facilitates catalyst separation.
- the product can be reused at low cost and can be produced efficiently at low cost without the problem of equipment corrosion.
- the carbon-based solid acid of the present invention can be obtained by carbonizing and sulfonating organic substances, particularly carbohydrates.
- organic substances a saccharide having a ⁇ 1-4 glycoside bond, specifically, glucose is condensed.
- polysaccharides such as cellopios and cellulose, lignin, and amylose with condensed glucose as a saccharide having a 4-glycoside bond.
- Particularly preferred are polysaccharides having a / 3 1-4 glycoside bond, specifically cellulose; lignin; and polysaccharides having an ⁇ 1-4 glycoside bond, specifically amylose.
- the sugar is preferably the main component (50% or more).
- the specific saccharide when used, high thermal stability is obtained. Specifically, a carbon-based solid acid having an acid amount reduction rate • of 10 mol% or less when immersed in hot water at 120 ° C. for 2 hours is obtained.
- organic substances include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalenes, anthracene, perylene, coronene, or those containing such aromatic hydrocarbons, such as pitch and tar, monosaccharides, When lucose or the like is used, the thermal stability of the obtained carbon-based solid acid is deteriorated, and the reduction rate of the acid amount exceeds 10 mol%.
- the carbonization of the organic material is performed by heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen, whereby an amorphous black solid (carbide) is obtained.
- Sulfonation is carried out by heat treatment in concentrated sulfuric acid or fuming sulfuric acid, thereby adding a sulfone group to the carbide skeleton.
- the conditions for carbonization and sulfonation are appropriately selected according to the type of organic substance used. Carbonization is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere at 2500 to 60 ° C, 1 to 50 hours, and sulfonation is 1 0 0. It is preferable to carry out at ⁇ 45 ° C. and 0.5 to 30 hours.
- the degree of carbonization is determined by the degree of graphitization, and the peak intensity ratio DZG between D peak and G peak in Raman spectroscopy, which is one index (parameter) indicating the degree of graphitization, is 0.5 or more. Also, 100% graphitization Not.
- the heating temperature when carbonization and sulfonation are carried out simultaneously is preferably from 100 to 300 ° C, more preferably from 150 to 270 ° C.
- excess sulfuric acid is removed by washing with hot water, followed by drying to obtain the carbon-based solid acid of the present invention.
- the hot water washing is conveniently performed under reflux at about 100 ° C. by, for example, a Soxhlet extraction method. It is also possible to shorten the cleaning time by cleaning at a higher temperature under pressure. Wash with hot water until sulfuric acid in the wash water is virtually undetectable.
- the carbon-based solid acid of the present invention cannot be confirmed from any X-ray diffraction pattern, and is substantially amorphous.
- the carbon-based solid acid of the present invention obtained as described above has an acid content reduction rate of 10 mol when subjected to a heat resistance evaluation test in hot water immersed in hot water at 120 ° C for 2 hours. % Or less, and has high thermal stability.
- the decrease in the acid amount is measured by a known neutralization titration method, back titration method, or the like for carbon-based solid acids before and after hydrothermal treatment.
- the carbon-based solid acid of the present invention has acid strength and acid amount to such an extent that it is useful for an acid-catalyzed reaction as a solid acid catalyst. It functions as an acid catalyst even under hydrophobic conditions, but is preferably useful as a catalyst for various polar reactions such as esterification reaction of alcohol and acid, olefin hydration reaction and etherification reaction. In other words, it exhibits excellent resistance in polar reactions using polar substances such as alcohol, carboxylic acid, and water as reaction substrates. Therefore, it is useful as a catalyst for these polar reactions.
- olefin hydration reaction reaction of olefin and water
- etherification reaction reaction of olefin and alcohol
- esterification reaction reaction of carboxylic acid and alcohol
- the olefins used in the present invention are not particularly limited and may be linear, branched, or cyclic, but olefins having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, such as propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, Butenes such as isobutene are preferred.
- the water used for the hydration reaction is not particularly limited, but ion exchange water and distilled water (including steam condensate) are preferred.
- the alcohol used for the etherification reaction is not particularly limited, but alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, specifically, methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol are preferable.
- the molar ratio of water or alcohol to olefin is not particularly limited. Usually, it is 0.1 to 10, preferably 0.3 to 7, and more preferably 1 to 5. If the amount of water or alcohol is too small, side reactions such as diolefin dimerization will occur, and if too large, productivity will be unfavorable.
- Alcohols used in the esterification reaction can be the same as the above alcohols.
- the carboxylic acid include saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acids having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as acetic acid, acrylic acid, and methylacrylic acid.
- the molar ratio of alcohol to acid is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.1 to 100.
- An anhydride may be used as the acid.
- the reaction temperature in olephine hydration and P-tellation reaction is In order to proceed the reaction, it is usually 60 ° C. or higher, preferably 100 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 120 ° C. or higher to obtain high activity. Further, since the catalyst may be decomposed at high temperatures, the temperature is preferably 2550 ° C. or lower.
- the reaction pressure is not particularly limited, but is usually IMP a or more, preferably 3 MPa, more preferably 5 MPa or more for allowing the reaction to proceed. Also, since the equipment cost increases at high pressure, 2 OMPa or less is preferable. It can be selected appropriately depending on the reaction format. Any of gas phase, liquid phase, and gas-liquid mixed phase can be adopted as the reaction format. However, when reactive distillation is carried out at normal pressure, it is usually 100 ° C or lower, usually 80 to 100 ° C in the etherification reaction, and 60 to 10 in the hydration reaction (isobutene). Performed at 0 ° C.
- Esterification can be carried out in the same manner, but the reaction is likely to proceed if water produced as the reaction proceeds is appropriately removed from the reaction system.
- a solvent can also be used when performing the hydration reaction.
- the solvent is preferably an amphiphilic solvent so that the reaction solution does not separate into an aqueous phase and an oil phase.
- ethers, glycol ethers, alcohols, and ketones are used. it can.
- a solvent can be used in the same manner.
- the olefin hydration reaction of the present invention is a direct hydration method (one-stage reaction), the process is simpler than the indirect hydration method using a sulfuric acid catalyst (two-stage reaction of sulfate esterification and hydrolysis). It is.
- the indirect hydration method requires a neutralization purification process for removing sulfuric acid and a concentration process for recycling sulfuric acid, and the process is complicated.
- the catalyst is solid. Therefore, the catalyst can be easily separated and reused by filtration, centrifugation, etc., and the reaction solution after removing the catalyst does not contain an acid catalyst component. Such a neutralization purification step is unnecessary. After removing the catalyst, it can be appropriately purified by distillation or the like. Reactive distillation is also possible.
- the etherification reaction of olefins of the present invention is generally carried out by a reaction distillation or a fixed bed method.
- the use of the catalyst of the present invention makes it possible to operate at a high temperature. As a result, the reaction activity is increased, so that the reactor can be downsized. realizable. In addition, because of high thermal stability, the frequency of catalyst replacement is also reduced.
- the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples, but is not limited thereto.
- X-ray analysis of carbon-based solid acid A was performed.
- the X-ray analysis was performed using an X-ray diffractometer (MXP 18.VAHF) manufactured by Mac Science.
- MXP 18.VAHF X-ray diffractometer
- Elemental analysis of carbon-based solid acid A was performed. Elemental analysis was performed using elemen t a r var i o EL. As a result, it was found that 74.7 sulfur in the CZS ratio was detected in this solid acid, and sulfonic acid groups were introduced.
- the degree of graphitization of the carbon-based solid acid A was measured.
- Raman spectroscopic analysis was used. '
- a solid acid was prepared according to Example 1 except that the raw material was changed from cellulose to lignin. As a result, 24.8 g of carbide was recovered after the heat treatment, and 3 g of the carbide was sulfonated to obtain 3.20 g of carbon-based solid acid B. When the acid amount of the solid acid was examined by back titration, it was 3.557 mmol / g.
- the hot water heat resistance evaluation test was performed on the carbon-based solid acid B in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the acid amount after the test was 3.5 lmmo 1 / g, and the decrease rate of the acid amount was 2 mol%.
- a solid acid was prepared according to Example 1 except that the raw material was changed from cellulose to amylose. As a result, 18 g of charcoal charcoal was recovered after the heat treatment, and 3 g of the charcoal was sulfonated to obtain 1.20 g of a vigorous solid acid C. When the acid amount of the solid acid was examined by back titration, it was 3.33 mmo 1 /.
- the carbon-based solid acid catalyst C was subjected to a hot water heat resistance evaluation test in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the acid amount after the test was 3.28 mmol Zg, and the decrease rate of the acid amount was 2 mol%.
- the carbon-based solid acid C was hydrated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the reaction conditions and results are shown in Table 3.
- a solid acid was prepared according to Example 1 except that the raw material was changed from cellulose to glucose. As a result, 11.7 g of carbide was recovered after the heat treatment, and 3 g of the carbide was sulfonated to obtain 3.12 g of carbon solid acid E. When the acid amount of the solid acid was examined by back titration, it was 3.05 mmo 1 Zg.
- Carbon-based solid acid E was subjected to a hot water heat resistance evaluation test in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the acid amount after the test was 2.4 Immo / g, and the decrease rate of the acid amount was 21 mol%.
- the evaluation test temperature was changed to 180 ° C and 210 ° C, the decrease rate of the acid amount after the test was 28 mol% and 33 mol%, respectively. It turns out that the property is greatly inferior.
- the etherification reaction of carbon-based solid acid E was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the reaction conditions and reaction results are shown in Table 4-12. It can be seen that in any of the reactions, the reduction rate of the acid amount is large and the heat resistance is low compared to the examples.
- a commercially available Amberlyst 15 E was subjected to a hot water heat resistance evaluation test in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the acid amount before the test was 4.85 mm o 1 Z g
- the acid amount after the test was 4.07 mm o 1 / g
- the decrease rate of the acid amount was 1 6 mol%.
- the evaluation test temperature is changed to 2 10 ° C
- the decrease rate of the acid amount after the evaluation is 69 mol%, which indicates that the heat resistance is greatly inferior to the solid acid of the present invention.
- Fuming sulfuric acid 40 cc was added to A heavy oil 20 cc and heated at 100 ° C. for lhr in a nitrogen atmosphere. After heating, the black solid was filtered with a glass filter and washed repeatedly with hot water under reflux (about 100 ° C), and it was confirmed that sulfuric acid was not detected in the washing solution. Finally, drying was performed to obtain 3.1 g of carbon solid acid F as a black powder (amorphous). As a result of examining the acid amount of the solid acid by back titration, it was 3.41 mmo 1Z.
- Carbon-based solid acid F was subjected to a hot water heat resistance evaluation test in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the acid amount after the test was 2.7 lmmo 1 / g, and the rate of decrease in the acid amount was 20 mol%, which is significantly inferior in heat resistance as compared with the solid bodies of the examples of the examples. Recognize.
- the solid acid of the present invention has a high thermal stability and a low rate of decrease in acid amount even at high temperatures in an actual reaction, indicating that it is suitable for industrial long-term operation. Recognize. Industrial applicability
- the solid acid of the present invention has high thermal stability and little decrease in the amount of acid at high temperatures, and is therefore suitable for industrial long-term operation.
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2008505209A JP5152992B2 (ja) | 2006-03-10 | 2007-03-08 | カーボン系固体酸、それからなる触媒およびそれを触媒として用いる反応 |
US12/282,253 US8013130B2 (en) | 2006-03-10 | 2007-03-08 | Carbon-based solid acid, catalyst comprising the solid acid, and reaction using the solid acid as catalyst |
EP07715342A EP1994984A4 (en) | 2006-03-10 | 2007-03-08 | CARBON FIXED ACID, THE SOLID ACID COMPOUND AND RESPONSE USING THE SOLID ACID AS A CATALYST |
KR1020087024600A KR101362568B1 (ko) | 2006-03-10 | 2007-03-08 | 카본계 고체산, 그것을 포함하는 촉매 및 그것을 촉매로서 이용하는 반응 |
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JP2006066721 | 2006-03-10 | ||
JP2006-066721 | 2006-03-10 |
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EP (1) | EP1994984A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5152992B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101362568B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101400443A (ja) |
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JPWO2015005144A1 (ja) * | 2013-07-12 | 2017-03-02 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | スルホン酸基を有する炭素系固体酸 |
US10493439B2 (en) | 2013-07-12 | 2019-12-03 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Carbon-containing solid acid having sulfonate group |
JP2016172652A (ja) * | 2015-03-16 | 2016-09-29 | フタムラ化学株式会社 | 炭化物成形固体酸及びその製造方法 |
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JP5152992B2 (ja) | 2013-02-27 |
EP1994984A1 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
KR20090004923A (ko) | 2009-01-12 |
US8013130B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 |
US20090099345A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
EP1994984A4 (en) | 2009-10-28 |
KR101362568B1 (ko) | 2014-02-13 |
CN101400443A (zh) | 2009-04-01 |
JPWO2007105802A1 (ja) | 2009-07-30 |
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