WO2007099989A1

WO2007099989A1 - Carbon support, method of producing carbon support, apparatus for producing carbon support, gas formation method, power generation method and power generator

Info

Publication number: WO2007099989A1
Application number: PCT/JP2007/053734
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hiroshi Uesugi; Junichiro Hayashi
Original assignee: Bio Coke Lab., Ltd.
Priority date: 2006-03-02
Filing date: 2007-02-28
Publication date: 2007-09-07
Also published as: JP2009132746A

Abstract

A carbon support which is an energy source of biological origin; a method of producing the carbon support; an apparatus for producing the carbon support; a method of forming a gas serving as an energy source by using the carbon support; and a power generation method and a power generator using the thus formed gas. A biomass (organic matters of biological origin) is thermally decomposed into a gas, gaseous tar and char by carbonating at 400°C to 1000°C. The gaseous components containing the tar are brought into contact with mesoporous particles made of Ϝ-alumina. Thus, the tar is decomposed to form a carbonaceous solid which sticks to the mesoporous particles, thereby forming a carbon support. Thus a gas from which tar has been almost completely removed, and char and a carbon support wherein tar is usable as an energy source can be obtained. The carbon support is usable as a fuel. Moreover, it can generate a hydrogen gas via a water gas reaction, which enables power generation by a fuel battery with the use of the hydrogen gas.

Description

Specification

Carbon carrier, carbon carrier production method, carbon carrier production device, gas generation method, power generation method, and power generation device

Technical field

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a technology that uses energy derived from biomass, and more specifically, a carbon carrier that is a biological energy source, a method for producing a carbon carrier, a carbon carrier production apparatus, and a carbon carrier. The present invention relates to a gas generation method for generating a gas as an energy source using a body, a power generation method using the generated gas, and a power generation apparatus.

Background art

[0002] Biomass refers to organic substances derived from living organisms or biological wastes, excluding fossil resources. Specifically, wood, paper, agricultural residues, human waste, food waste Etc. are included. Nomas is a renewable resource because it is an organic matter produced by living organisms using water and carbon dioxide as its main raw materials. Biomass also has a so-called carbon-free characteristic that when it is consumed as an energy source, the amount of carbon dioxide released from the two stages of production and consumption is almost zero. In this way, biomass is expected to be an energy source with a low environmental impact, and research on how to use it is underway.

[0003] When biomass is directly burned as fuel, the thermal efficiency is low. Therefore, in order to efficiently use biomass as an energy source, it is desirable to convert the biomass into a material with higher thermal efficiency. As a method of converting biomass, a method of gasifying biomass by dry distillation of biomass is known. Combustion gases such as carbon monoxide, methane, and ethane are generated by gasification of biomass, and the generated gas can be used as fuel. The generated gas can be combusted with higher thermal efficiency than when biomass is directly used as fuel, and can be used as a fuel and heat source for power generation. In addition, the solid residue after gasification (Char) is a high-molecular-weight organic substance that has not been decomposed into gas even by dry distillation. When biomass is wood, charcoal is equivalent to chia. The chia produced by the gasification of biomass is also fuel or various It can be used as an industrial raw material.

[0004] However, when biomass is gasified, tar (Tar) having a higher molecular weight than gas and lower molecular weight than gas is also generated in addition to gas and chia. Tar is a force S that is a gas at the temperature at which biomass is distilled, and becomes a liquid or solid at room temperature, and is generated as an impurity in the gas. Gas containing tar deteriorates in quality as a fuel, and when gas containing tar is used as fuel, there is a problem that the tar pollutes the gas burning device and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the tar concentration in the generated gas when biomass is gasified. Various technologies for reducing the concentration of tar in gas when gasifying biomass, such as gas temperature control, gas chemical treatment, tar removal using filters, and tar decomposition using catalysts Has been developed. Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for reducing the concentration of tar in gas by attaching tar to porous particles such as zeolite or activated alumina.

Non-Patent Document 1: T. Namioka and 3 others, “High Tar Reduction with Porous Particles for Low emperature Biomass Lrasincat ion”: Effects Porous Particles on Tar and Gas Fields on Tar and Gas Yields during Sawdust Pyrolysis, Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 2003, 36th Sakai, No. 12, p. 1440-1448

Disclosure of the invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

[0005] Since what is assumed as biomass in the prior art is mainly wood, a biomass gasification plant will be installed in a forest area. In such forested areas, energy demand is lower than in urban areas, so the energy available from biomass gasification becomes oversupplied, and surplus energy needs to be supplied to other regions. However, there is a problem that supplying heat and electricity to other areas is not efficient in using energy and supplying generated flammable gas to other areas is dangerous. is there. In addition, although various technologies for reducing the tar concentration by removing a certain amount of tar from the generated gas have been developed in the conventional biomass gasification technology, it is difficult to use the tar removed from the gas. There is a problem that the utilization efficiency of carbon contained in is low.

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to use carbon derived from tar on particles to thereby improve the utilization efficiency of carbon contained in biomass. Another object of the present invention is to provide a carbon carrier, which is an energy source, a method for producing the carbon carrier, and a carbon carrier production apparatus.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a gas generation method for generating a gas for use in a fuel cell using a carbon carrier, a power generation method using the generated gas, and a power generation device. Is to provide.

Means for solving the problem

[0008] The carbon support according to the first invention is characterized in that a carbonaceous solid containing carbon as a main component adheres to the surface of mesoporous particles.

[0009] The carbon support according to the second invention is characterized in that the carbonaceous solid contains 20 mmol or more of carbon per gram of the mesoporous particles.

[0010] In the carbon support according to the third invention, the specific surface area of the mesoporous particles is 1 gram.

It is more than 200 square meters.

[0011] The carbon support according to the fourth invention is characterized in that the mesoporous particles have aluminum oxide as a main component.

[0012] A carbon support according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the mesoporous particles are composed of _soot -alumina having _acid sites on the surface.

[0013] A method for producing a carbon carrier according to a sixth invention is a method for producing a carbon carrier according to any one of the first to fifth inventions, wherein a biological organic material is removed at 400 ° C or higher. The carbonaceous solid is deposited on the surface of the mesoporous particles by pyrolyzing at a temperature of ≤ ° C and bringing the gas phase components generated by the pyrolysis into contact with the mesoporous particles at a temperature of 400 ° C to 1000 ° C. It is characterized by making it.

[0014] A method for producing a carbon support according to a seventh aspect of the present invention relates to any one of the first to fifth aspects of the present invention. A carbon carrier is produced by pyrolyzing a biological organic material at a temperature of 400 ° C or higher and 1000 ° C or lower, and a plurality of vapor phase components generated by the thermal decomposition at 400 ° C or higher and 1000 ° C or lower. A mesoporous particle in which mesoporous particles are accumulated is infiltrated into an aggregate, and mesoporous particles in which the gas phase component is infiltrated are taken out from the aggregate.

[0015] A method for producing a carbon support according to an eighth aspect of the invention is characterized in that the vapor phase component after permeating the aggregate is recovered.

[0016] The method for producing a carbon carrier according to the ninth invention is characterized in that the residue after the vapor phase component is separated from the biological organic material by thermal decomposition is recovered.

[0017] The method for producing a carbon carrier according to the tenth aspect of the present invention provides a temperature at which a biological organic material is thermally decomposed and / or a temperature at which a gas phase component generated by the thermal decomposition penetrates into the aggregate. It is characterized by adjusting the yield by which the carbon supporter obtains carbon contained in the biological organic material by controlling.

[0018] An apparatus for producing a carbon carrier according to an eleventh aspect of the invention is an apparatus for producing a carbon carrier according to any one of the first to fifth aspects of the invention, wherein biological organic matter is not less than 400 ° C and not less than 1000 °. A pyrolysis means that pyrolyzes below C, and a permeation means that permeates the gas phase component generated by the pyrolysis means into an accumulation of a plurality of mesoporous particles accumulated at 400 ° C to 1000 ° C. And means for taking out mesoporous particles infiltrated with the gas phase component from the aggregate.

[0019] A carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus according to a twelfth aspect of the present invention is a device for recovering at least a part of a gas phase component after the permeation means permeates the accumulation, and the gas recovered by the means. Means for combusting the phase component, and means for controlling the temperature conditions of the thermal decomposition means and the permeation means using heat generated by the combustion of the means.

[0020] A gas generation method according to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention is a method in which a carbon carrier according to any one of the first to fifth aspects of the invention is brought into contact with a gas containing water vapor having a temperature of 700 ° C or higher to generate hydrogen. The gas and / or carbon monoxide gas is recovered.

[0021] A power generation method according to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention is such that a gas containing water vapor having a temperature of 700 ° C or higher is caused to flow through an accumulation of carbon supports according to any one of the first to fifth aspects. Occur The hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas is recovered, the recovered hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas is supplied to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell, and the hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas is supplied to the fuel electrode. Electricity is generated by the fuel cell supplied to the battery.

[0022] The power generation device according to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention is directed to a fuel cell having a fuel electrode and a carbon support according to any one of the first to fifth inventions, wherein the temperature is 700 ° C or higher. Means for passing a gas containing water vapor, means for recovering hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas generated from the means, and the hydrogen gas and Z or carbon monoxide gas recovered by the means as the fuel Means for supplying to the fuel electrode of the battery, and means for outputting electric power generated by the fuel cell supplied with the hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas to the fuel electrode by the means.

[0023] A power generation method according to a sixteenth aspect of the invention is directed to passing a gas containing water vapor and oxygen having a temperature of 700 ° C or higher through an accumulation of carbon supports according to any one of the first to fifth aspects of the invention. The generated hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas is supplied to an internal combustion engine, and power is generated by the power of the internal combustion engine supplied with the hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas.

[0024] A power generation device according to a seventeenth aspect of the invention is directed to passing a gas containing water vapor and oxygen at a temperature of 700 ° C or higher through an accumulation of carbon supports according to any one of the first to fifth aspects of the invention. An internal combustion engine for generating power by burning hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas generated from the means; and a means for generating electric power using the power generated by the internal combustion engine. To do.

[0025] In the first and second inventions, a carbon carrier that can be used as an energy source is realized by adhering to the surface of carbonaceous solid cathode porous particles.

[0026] In the third invention, by setting the specific surface area of the mesoporous particles to 200 square meters or more per gram, vaporized carbides such as tar are efficiently decomposed and adhered to produce a carbon carrier. .

[0027] In the fourth invention, by using mesoporous particles mainly composed of aluminum oxide such as activated alumina, the vaporized carbides such as tar are decomposed and adhered to the surface of the mesoporous particles to support carbon. The body can be generated. [0028] In the fifth aspect of the invention, the mesoporous particles are made of γ-alumina having acid sites, whereby vaporized carbides such as tar are efficiently decomposed and adhered to produce a carbon support.

[0029] In the sixth, seventh and eleventh inventions, the vapor phase component generated by pyrolyzing biomass (biologically derived organic matter) at 400 ° C or higher and 1000 ° C or lower is brought into contact with the mesoporous particles. Thus, the tar contained in the gas phase component is decomposed by the mesoporous particles to become a carbonaceous solid and adheres to the mesoporous particles, and a carbon support is generated.

[0030] In the eighth aspect of the invention, by recovering the gas phase component after coming into contact with the mesoporous particles, the gas having a significantly reduced tar concentration is recovered.

[0031] In the ninth invention, the chia is recovered by collecting the residue obtained by pyrolyzing the biomass.

[0032] In the tenth aspect of the invention, the yield that can be obtained from carbon-supported biomass is changed by controlling the temperature at which the biomass is thermally decomposed and / or the temperature at which the gas phase component is brought into contact with the mesoporous particles. To do.

[0033] In the twelfth invention, since the generated gas phase component contains a combustible gas, heat necessary for producing the carbon carrier can be obtained by burning the gas phase component.

[0034] In the thirteenth invention, by bringing a gas containing 700 ° C or more of water vapor into contact with the carbon support, water vapor is reduced by the carbonaceous solid of the carbon support to generate hydrogen gas, and carbon The solid material is oxidized to generate carbon monoxide.

In the fourteenth and fifteenth inventions, power can be generated by a fuel cell using hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide generated using a carbon support.

[0036] In the sixteenth and seventeenth inventions, it is possible to generate power by an internal combustion engine using hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide generated using a carbon carrier, and to output heat. wear.

The invention's effect

[0037] In the first, second, third, fourth and fifth inventions, the carbon support having the carbonaceous solid adhered to the surface of the mesoporous particles is used as a fuel and hydrogen gas generation source. It can be used, is easy to transport because it is solid, and has high safety because it is not volatile. Therefore, it can be distributed easily and without danger as an energy source. [0038] In the sixth, seventh and eleventh inventions, the tar contained in the gas phase component generated by pyrolyzing the biomass is decomposed by the mesoporous particles to become a carbonaceous solid. As a result, the carbon carrier is produced by adhering to the mesoporous particles. The carbon contained in tar, which was only removed from the gas in the conventional technology, can be used as an energy source, and the utilization efficiency of carbon contained in nanomass can be improved.

[0039] In the eighth invention, tar is almost removed from the gas generated by pyrolyzing the biomass, and the generated gas can be used as a high-quality fuel.

[0040] According to the ninth aspect of the invention, it is possible to manufacture a chia that is a high-quality solid fuel.

[0041] In the tenth invention, the yield of carbon that can be obtained from biomass in the form of a gas, a carbon support, and a chew by changing the temperature during the pyrolysis of the biomass and the generation of the carbon support. The rate ratio can be varied. Therefore, it becomes possible to obtain an energy source in a form that is easier to use in a higher yield depending on the energy utilization method.

[0042] In the twelfth invention, by using the generated gas as a heat source, it is possible to produce a carbon carrier with little consumption of external energy.

[0043] In the thirteenth invention, by using the carbon support, hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide that can be used in various ways can be efficiently generated.

[0044] In the fourteenth and fifteenth inventions, the energy derived from biomass is obtained by generating power with a fuel cell using hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide generated using a carbon carrier. It can be used with high efficiency.

[0045] In the sixteenth and seventeenth inventions, power is generated by an internal combustion engine using hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide generated using a carbon carrier, and further heat is output. Therefore, cogeneration can be realized. As a result, the present invention has excellent effects such as the utilization efficiency of the energy derived from biomass being improved. Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a method for producing a carbon carrier of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram schematically showing a process for producing a carbon carrier.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a part of an experimental apparatus used in an experiment for generating a carbon carrier. FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the results of measuring the carbon content of the carbon support and tar produced in the experiment.

FIG. 5 is a chart showing the yield of carbon obtained from biomass by the formation of a carbon support.

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus.

FIG. 7] A schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus using an electric furnace.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a power generation device of the present invention that generates power using hydrogen generated from a carbon carrier of the present invention.

FIG. 9] is a block diagram showing another configuration example of the power generator of the present invention.

[10] It is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a power generator of the present invention that realizes cogeneration.

FIG. 11] is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a part of a configuration example of a power generation device using a chia. Explanation of symbols

11 reaction tubes

31 Pyrolysis furnace (Pyrolysis means)

34 Chain recovery department

35 Combustion furnace

37 Temperature controller

41 Reactor (penetration means)

46 Carbon carrier recovery unit

47 1st gas recovery unit

48 Second gas recovery unit

51 Gasification reactor

61 Fuel cell

62 Heat recovery machine

64 Power output section

71 Decomposition reaction tube (pyrolysis means)

72 Generation tank (permeation means) 81 Internal combustion engine

82 Generator

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings illustrating embodiments thereof.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a method for producing a carbon carrier according to the present invention. Biomass (biologically derived organic matter) is a high molecular weight organic matter, and in the case of wood, it consists of cellulose and lignin. By dry distilling biomass at 400 ° C to 1000 ° C, the biomass is pyrolyzed into low molecular weight gases, high molecular weight chains, and tars with intermediate molecular weights. The generated gas consists of methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, etc., and is a component that becomes a gas at room temperature. In addition, tar is a gaseous tar vapor in the temperature range of 400 ° C. to 1000 ° C., which is a component that becomes liquid or solid at room temperature. Gas and tar become gas phase components generated by pyrolysis of biomass, and chia becomes a residue by pyrolysis.

[0049] Next, gas phase components of gas and tar generated by pyrolysis of biomass are brought into contact with mesoporous particles containing γ-alumina having acid sites at 400 ° C to 1000 ° C. The mesoporous particle is a porous particle having a large number of mesopores, and the mesopore is a pore having a pore diameter of 2 to 10 nm. While the gas and gas phase components of the tar are in contact with the mesoporous particles, the tar decomposes on the surface of the mesoporous particles, and on the surface of the carbonaceous solid cathode porous particles mainly composed of carbon. Adhere to. When tar is decomposed, the tar concentration in the gas phase component is reduced, and a gas containing almost no tar is generated. In addition, a carbon support is produced in which a carbonaceous solid adheres to the surface of the mesoporous particles.

[0050] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram schematically showing a process of producing a carbon carrier. Figure 2 (a) shows the surface of mesoporous particles made of γ_alumina with acid sites and mesopores. If the surface of the meso multi porous particles contacting the tar vapors, decomposing tar adsorbed on acid sites existing on the surface of _Ί one alumina. A part of the decomposed tar becomes gas, and most of the decomposed tar as shown in Fig. 2 (a) is deposited on the surface of the mesoporous particles as a carbonaceous solid. On the surface of the precipitated carbonaceous solid, there are active sites having tar decomposition activity. When the vapor of tar comes into contact with the precipitated carbonaceous solid, the charcoal as shown in Fig. 2 (b) A carbonaceous solid is further deposited on the elementary solid. In this way, the decomposition of tar and the precipitation of carbonaceous solids are repeated on the surface of the mesoporous particles, and the surface of the mesoporous particles is covered with the carbonaceous solids as shown in Fig. 2 (c). A body is generated.

[0051] The carbonaceous solid adhering to the carbon carrier of the present invention contains carbon as a main component, and the carbon content is 70% or more by weight. Since carbonaceous solids contain carbon as the main component, the carbon carrier can be used as a fuel. Therefore, according to the present invention, it becomes possible to use carbon contained in tar as an energy source, which was only removed from the gas in the prior art. The carbon carrier does not volatilize tar even when heated to 500 ° C or higher. In other words, the carbon carrier of the present invention is easy to transport because it is solid, and has high safety because it is not volatile. Therefore, it can be distributed easily and without danger as an energy source for biomass sources. It is possible. After the carbon carrier of the present invention is used as a fuel, mesoporous particles made of y-alumina remain, and the mesoporous particles can be recycled.

[0052] Mesoporous particles that produce a carbon support by attaching a carbonaceous solid are:

Besides alumina, activated alumina or silica alumina may be used. These other mesoporous particles mainly composed of an anodized aluminum oxide can also generate a carbon support by decomposing tar on the surface and attaching a carbonaceous solid with the tar decomposed to the surface. The specific surface area of the mesoporous particles is desirably 200 square meters or more per gram. When the specific surface area of the mesoporous particles is 200 (m ² / g) or more, the yield of carbonaceous solid is increased. In addition, γ-alumina phase transitions to α-alumina at a temperature of 1000 ° C or higher and loses the activity related to tar decomposition. Therefore, when contacting the mesoporous particles with gas phase components generated by thermal decomposition of biomass. The required temperature is 1000 ° C or less. Also, at temperatures below 400 ° C, the rate at which tar that contacts the surface of mesoporous particles decomposes decreases, so the temperature at which gas phase components generated by pyrolysis of biomass are brought into contact with mesoporous particles is 400. Must be above ° C. In order to increase the yield of carbonaceous solid, it is desirable that the temperature at which the gas phase component is brought into contact with the mesoporous particles is 500 ° C to 800 ° C.

[0053] Further, tar is produced from biomass by producing a carbon support according to the present invention. Gases and chews that do not contain can be produced. The produced gas and chia do not contain tar and can be used as a high-quality fuel. That is, in the present invention, carbon originally contained in biomass can be used in the form of a gas, a carbon carrier, and a cheat, so that the carbon utilization efficiency of the biomass is improved.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a part of an experimental apparatus used in an experiment for generating a carbon carrier. A reaction tube 11 having a shape in which a reaction tube with an inner diameter of 30 mm and a reaction tube with an inner diameter of 20 mm are joined is configured such that biomass particles and nitrogen gas flow in from one side and gas flows out from the other. In addition, a wire mesh 12 is provided in the reaction tube 11 so that the biomass particles that have flowed in are accumulated on the wire mesh 12. Further, a dispersion plate 13 is provided below the wire mesh 12 in the reaction tube 11, and a large number of mesoporous particles made of γ_alumina are packed on the dispersion plate 13. The reaction tube 11 is installed in an electric furnace 21, and is provided with thermocouples 23, 23,... For measuring temperatures of a plurality of portions of the reaction tube 11. The thermocouples 23, 23,... Are connected to the temperature controller 22, and the temperature controller 22 measures the temperature of each part of the reaction tube 11 using the thermocouples 23, 23,. The operation of the electric furnace 21 is controlled so that the temperature of each part becomes a predetermined temperature.

In the reaction tube 11, nitrogen gas flows through the biomass accumulated on the wire mesh 12, the wire mesh 12, the mesoporous particles filled on the dispersion plate 13, and the dispersion plate 13. The gas and tar decomposed by the biomass penetrate into a large number of mesoporous particles with the flow of nitrogen gas, and then flow out of the reaction tube 11. In the experiment, by adjusting the temperature in the reaction tube to an appropriate temperature, the biomass was pyrolyzed and the carbon support was generated, and the generated gas, the carbon support and the analysis were performed.

FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the results of measuring the carbon content of the carbon support and tar produced in the experiment. The horizontal axis in the figure indicates the amount of carbon contained in the carbon support produced per gram of mesoporous particles in millimolar units, and the vertical axis indicates the amount of nitrogen gas flowing out of the reaction tube 11 per cubic methanol. The amount of carbon contained in the tar is shown in millimolar units. The carbon support can normally support about 30 mmol of carbon per gram of mesoporous particles, and can support up to 60 mmol of carbon. The measurement results shown in Fig. 4 show that when carbon support containing each amount of carbon is produced in an experiment using pine sawdust as a biomass sample. The result of measuring the carbon content of tar contained in the gas is shown.

[0057] When the amount of carbon contained in the carbon support is 40 mmol or less per gram, the carbon content of tar per cubic meter of nitrogen gas is 1 mmol or less, and the amount of tar is sufficiently reduced. You can see that In particular, when the carbon content of the carbon support is in the range of 20 to 40 mmol, tar does not increase, and in the state where these carbon supports are generated, almost no new tar is generated. It can be seen that in the range where the carbon content of the carbon support exceeds 40 mmol, the tar increases, and the resolution of the carbon support to decompose the tar decreases. Therefore, by keeping the carbon support having 20 to 40 mmol of carbon in contact with the gas, tar contained in the gas can be minimized.

FIG. 5 is a chart showing the yield of carbon obtained from biomass by the production of a carbon support. The yield shown in FIG. 5 is the amount of carbon obtained in each form of gas, carbon carrier, and chia within the amount of carbon contained in the original biomass that was used as a raw material when producing the carbon carrier. Yield. In the experimental apparatus shown in Fig. 3, cedar is used as a biomass sample, the temperature of pyrolysis of biomass and the temperature at which the gas phase component is brought into contact with the mesoporous particles are changed in the range of 500 ° C to 650 ° C. Figure 5 (a) shows the results of determining the yield of carbon in the form of the gas produced at each temperature, the carbon support, and the chi- ter. For example, when a carbon support is produced at a temperature of 500 ° C., the yield of carbon in each of the gas, the carbon support, and the chain is 26.3% with respect to the carbon of the original biomass, 49. 7% and 24.0%. In addition, the amount of carbon produced as a substance having a boiling point higher than that of naphthalenes, that is, tar, is less than 0.01% with respect to the carbon of the original biomass. In the present invention, most of the carbon of biomass can be obtained in this way, and the utilization efficiency of carbon of biomass is improved. Also, by increasing the temperature, the yield of carbon due to the gas increases, and the yield of carbon due to the carbon support and the chia decreases. Further, by lowering the temperature, the yield of carbon by the gas is lowered, and the yield of carbon by the carbon support and the cheat is increased.

[0059] In addition, in the experimental apparatus shown in Fig. 3, pine sawdust is used as a biomass sample, the pyrolysis temperature of the biomass is fixed at 500 ° C, and the gas phase components generated by pyrolysis are contacted. The temperature of the mesoporous particles to be changed was changed in the range of 500 ° C to 800 ° C. Fig. 5 (b) shows the results of the yield of carbon in the form of the generated gas, carbon carrier, and chain. The best The amount produced is determined by the pyrolysis temperature at which gas phase components and chia are produced from biomass, and the pyrolysis temperature is constant at 500 ° C, so the carbon yield in chia is 28. It is constant at 2%. In contrast, the amount of carbonaceous solid deposited on the surface of the mesoporous particles varies depending on the temperature at which the gas phase component cathode porous particles generated by pyrolysis of the biomass come into contact. As the temperature of the mesoporous particles in contact with the gas phase component increases from 500 ° C to 800 ° C, the carbon yield from the carbon support decreases from 49.8% to 17.8%. The carbon yield from gas increases from 22.0% to 54.0%.

[0060] As shown in FIG. 5, in the present invention, by changing the temperature at which biomass is pyrolyzed and the temperature at which Z or gas phase components generated by pyrolysis are brought into contact with mesoporous particles, gas, carbon The yield of carbon that can be obtained from biomass in the form of a carrier and a chew can be varied. For example, by increasing the temperature, the yield of carbon by gas increases and the yield of carbon by the carbon carrier and the carrier decreases. By decreasing the temperature, the yield of carbon by gas decreases. As a result, the yield of carbon by the carbon carrier and the carrier increases. Thus, by changing the temperature at which the biomass is pyrolyzed and / or the temperature at which the gas phase component generated by pyrolysis is brought into contact with the mesoporous particles, the yield of carbon by gas is 20 to 80%, carbon The yield of carbon by the support can be adjusted in the range of 10 to 50%, and the yield of carbon by the carrier can be adjusted in the range of 10 to 30%. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to adjust the energy source so that it can be used more easily in a higher yield depending on the energy utilization method.

[0061] (Carbon carrier production apparatus)

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus. The carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus includes a pyrolysis furnace (pyrolysis means) 31 that performs thermal decomposition of biomass, and a reaction furnace (permeation means) 41 that performs a reaction for generating the carbon support. The pyrolysis furnace 31 and the reaction furnace 41 are connected to each other by piping. The pyrolysis furnace 31 includes a biomass input section 33 for supplying biomass from above, a stirrer 32 for stirring the biomass that has been input and accumulated therein, and a residue after the gas phase components have been separated from the biomass by pyrolysis There is a chie collecting part 34 for collecting the chia from the lower part. In the reaction furnace 41, a particle charging unit 43 for charging a large number of mesoporous particles from the top, and a collection of charged mesoporous particles. And a discharge part 45 for discharging the gas phase component and the carbon carrier after permeating the accumulated mesoporous particles from the lower part. The discharge unit 45 includes a carbon support recovery unit 46 that recovers the carbon support discharged from the reaction furnace 41, a first gas recovery unit 47 and a second gas recovery unit 48 that recover the gas discharged from the reaction furnace 41, and Is provided.

The carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus further includes a combustion furnace 35 that combusts the gas recovered by the second gas recovery unit 48. Connected to the combustion furnace 35 is a heat pipe 36 for supplying the heat generated by the combustion furnace 35 to the pyrolysis furnace 31 and the reaction furnace 41. The heat pipe 36 is disposed in contact with the pyrolysis furnace 31 and the reaction furnace 41, and high-temperature gas generated in the combustion furnace 35 travels around the outer surfaces of the pyrolysis furnace 31 and the reaction furnace 41. It is configured to heat the inside of 41. Further, a temperature controller 37 is connected to the combustion furnace 35. The temperature controller 37 controls the operation of the combustion furnace 35 so that the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace 31 and the reaction furnace 41 becomes a predetermined temperature.

[0063] The biomass input unit 33 inputs dry biomass from the outside and temporarily accumulates it, and inputs the biomass into the pyrolysis furnace 31 at a predetermined rate. The stirrer 42 stirs the biomass in the pyrolysis furnace 31, and the gas phase component generated by pyrolysis of the biomass flows into the reaction furnace 41. The chia recovery unit 34 recovers the chia which is a residue after the gas phase component is separated from the biomass from the lower part of the pyrolysis furnace 31. The particle introduction unit 43 introduces mesoporous particles into the reaction furnace 41 at a predetermined rate. The charged mesoporous particles are accumulated in the reactor 41. The stirrer 42 agitates the accumulation of mesoporous particles in the reaction furnace 41 and permeates the accumulation of gas phase component cathode porous particles flowing from the thermal decomposition furnace 31. When the gas phase component permeates into the accumulated mesoporous particles, the tar contained in the gas phase component is decomposed and the carbonaceous solid adheres to the surface of the mesoporous particles, thereby generating a carbon support. The discharge part 45 is composed of mesoporous particles at the bottom of the accumulation into which the gas phase components from the pyrolysis furnace 31 have sufficiently permeated, and gas phase components after the accumulation of mesoporous particles from the top to the bottom. Are discharged from the lower part of the reactor 41. The mesoporous particles discharged from the discharge unit 45 are carbon supports by attaching carbonaceous solids with differentiated tar to the surface, and the carbon support recovery unit 46 is a solid component discharged from the discharge unit 45. A carbon support is recovered. The gas phase component exhausted by the exhaust unit 45 is a gas such as methane, and the second gas recovery unit 48 is exhausted by the exhaust unit 45. Part of the gas is recovered in the combustion furnace 35, and the first gas recovery unit 47 recovers the remaining gas. The combustion furnace 35 burns the gas collected by the second gas recovery unit 48, and the temperature controller 37 controls the operation of the combustion furnace 35 to control the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace 31 and the reaction furnace 41 to 400 °. Adjust C to 1000 ° C.

[0064] With the carbon carrier production apparatus of the present invention as described above, a gas not containing tar, a carbon carrier, and a chew can be produced. Since the carbon carrier and the carrier are solid, safe and easy to carry, they can be easily used as an energy source even when the carbon carrier manufacturing equipment is installed in a place with low energy demand. It is possible to supply to other areas. Therefore, it is possible to improve the utilization efficiency of the energy originating from the biomass. In addition, the temperature controller 37 adjusts the temperatures in the pyrolysis furnace 31 and the reaction furnace 41, so that the ratio of the production amounts of gas, carbon support, and cheer can be adjusted according to the application. For example, if the energy demand is high in the area where the carbon carrier manufacturing equipment is installed, the gas can be used locally by increasing the gas ratio and using gas power generation. If the energy demand is low in the area where the carbon carrier manufacturing equipment is installed, the supply rate to other areas can be increased by increasing the proportion of carbon carrier and chain.

Note that the carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 6 is an example of the present invention, and the carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus of the present invention may have other configurations. For example, an apparatus for producing a carbon carrier includes a chia collected by the chia recovery unit 34, a carbon carrier recovered by the carbon carrier recovery unit 46, a gas recovered by the first gas recovery unit 47, and a heat pipe 36. A heat recovery unit that recovers the heat retained by the exhaust gas exhausted from the plant can be provided, the biomass is dried using the heat recovered by the heat recovery unit, and the dried biomass can be input to the biomass input unit 33. ,. The carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus is configured to heat the pyrolysis furnace 31 and the reaction furnace 41 from the inside by introducing high-temperature gas burned in the combustion furnace 35 into the pyrolysis furnace 31 and the reaction furnace 41. May be. The carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus may be configured to heat the pyrolysis furnace 31 and the reaction furnace 41 by supplying energy from the outside using an electric furnace or the like. In addition, the carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus creates a moving bed or fluidized bed in which mesoporous particles are accumulated rather than filling the reactor 41 with mesoporous particles. A configuration in which a gas phase component obtained by pyrolyzing biomass is permeated into a bed or a fluidized bed may be used.

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus using an electric furnace. The carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus includes a decomposition reaction tube (pyrolysis unit) 71 that performs thermal decomposition of biomass, and a generation tank (permeation means) 72 that generates a carbon carrier. The decomposition reaction tube 71 is formed in a hollow cylindrical shape. A hopper 741 for supplying biomass into the decomposition reaction tube 71 is coupled to one end, and a conveying screw 73 is provided to the other end of the tube. It is. The conveying screw 73 has a configuration in which a spiral blade is provided around a rotation axis coaxial with the decomposition reaction tube 71. The conveyance screw 73 conveys the biomass supplied to one end in the decomposition reaction tube 71 to the other end by rotating around the rotation axis. The decomposition reaction tube 71 is installed so as to penetrate the electric furnace 781 in a substantially horizontal posture. The electric furnace 781 heats the decomposition reaction tube 71 to 500 to 600 ° C. Biomass conveyed in the decomposition reaction tube 71 by the conveying screw 73 is heated by the electric furnace 781 and thermally decomposed. At the other end of the decomposition reaction tube 71, a pipe 761 for introducing the gas phase component separated from the biomass by pyrolysis to the production tank 72, and a chia that is a residue from which the gas phase component is separated from the biomass are collected. A collector 751 is provided.

In the generation tank 72, a hopper 742 for supplying mesoporous particles is provided on the upper side via a rotary valve 771. The mesoporous particles are supplied from the hopper 742 by the rotation of the rotary valve 771, and the mesoporous particles are accumulated in the generation tank 72. The generation tank 72 is disposed in an electric furnace 782. The electric furnace 782 heats the inside of the generation tank 72 to 500 to 600 ° C. The mesoporous particles in the generation tank 72 are appropriately heated by the electric furnace 782. A pipe 761 is connected to the lower part of the generation tank 72. The pipe 761 is configured to retain the gas phase component flowing in the pipe, such as covered with a heat insulating material or provided with a heating means. The gas phase component generated by the thermal decomposition of the biomass flows into the generation tank 72 from the decomposition reaction pipe 71 through the pipe 761. The generation tank 72 is provided with an annular pipe having a large number of gas ejection holes in the lower part of the tank, and the pipe 761 is connected to the annular pipe. It is configured to penetrate almost uniformly into the accumulation of soporous particles. When the gas phase component penetrates into the accumulation of mesoporous particles, the carbon support becomes Generated. Further, a gas recovery pipe 762 for recovering gas is connected to the generation tank 72 on the upper side, and a rotary valve 772 is provided on the lower side. Below the rotary valve 772, a collector 752 for collecting the carbon carrier is provided.

[0068] By the rotation of the conveying screw 73, the biomass is continuously supplied into the decomposition reaction tube 71, the biomass is heated in the electric furnace 781 while being conveyed through the decomposition reaction tube 71, and the biomass is separated from the gas phase component and the chimera. The reaction that thermally decomposes at once is carried out continuously. The generated vapor phase component is supplied into the generation tank 72 through a pipe 761. The chia is conveyed to the other end in the decomposition reaction tube 71 by the conveying screw 73 and then collected in the collecting device 751. By adjusting the rotation speed of the conveying screw 73, it is possible to adjust the biomass supply rate and the gas phase component and cheer generation rate.

[0069] Mesoporous particles are continuously supplied into the production tank 72 by the rotation of the rotary valve 771, and the carbon support is continuously discharged from the production tank 72 by the rotation of the rotary valve 772. Therefore, a moving layer of mesoporous particles is formed in the generation tank 72. By infiltrating into the moving bed of gas phase component cathode porous particles supplied from the decomposition reaction tube 71 through the pipe 7 61, the tar contained in the gas phase component is decomposed and carbonaceous solid cathode It adheres to the surface of the particle and produces a carbon support. The produced carbon carrier is discharged from the production tank 72 by the rotary valve 772 and collected in the collector 752. The gas in which tar contained in the gas phase component is decomposed is recovered by the gas recovery pipe 762. The feed rate of the mesoporous particles can be adjusted by adjusting the rotational speed of the single tally valve 771. Further, the recovery rate of the carbon carrier can be adjusted by adjusting the rotational speed of the rotary valve 772. In this way, by using the carbon carrier production apparatus shown in FIG. 7, it becomes possible to continuously produce tar-free gas, carbon carrier, and chia, and their production rates. Can be adjusted easily.

[0070] (Use form of carbon support)

The carbon carrier of the present invention as described above can be used as a fuel. However, the method of using the carbon support of the present invention is not limited to this, and can be used as a hydrogen generation source by a water gasification reaction. Figure 8 shows the carbon support of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a power generation device of the present invention that generates power using hydrogen generated from the power generation. The power generator of the present invention includes a high-temperature operating fuel cell 61 such as a solid oxide fuel cell, and a gasification reactor 51 that generates hydrogen gas to be used in the fuel cell 61.

[0071] The gasification reactor 51 includes a gasification reactor 51, a supply unit 53 for supplying the carbon support from a storage 52 for storing the carbon support, and gasification of the mesoporous particles after the gasification reaction. A recovery unit 54 for recovering from the reactor 51 is provided. The gasification reactor 51 is connected to a desulfurizer 55 filled with particles having a desulfurization capacity such as dolomite through a gas pipe, and the gas generated by the gasification reactor 51 flows into the desulfurizer 55. ing. The desulfurizer 55 is connected with a reformer 56 filled with a catalyst for hydrocarbon reforming such as a nickel catalyst through a gas pipe, and the gas from the desulfurizer 55 flows into the reformer 56. It has a configuration. The reformer 56 is connected to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell 61 through a gas pipe, and the gas from the reformer 56 is introduced to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell 61. Further, the fuel cell 61 is provided with an air supply unit 63 for supplying the cathode air, and further connected to a power output unit 64 for outputting the power generated by the fuel cell 61 to the outside. Further, the fuel cell 61 is connected to the gasification reactor 51 by a gas pipe. At least a part of the exhaust gas containing water vapor of 700 ° C. or higher discharged from the fuel cell 61 is supplied to the gasification reactor 51.

The supply unit 53 supplies the carbon support from the storage 52 at a predetermined rate to the gasification reactor 51, and the supplied carbon support becomes an accumulation in the gasification reactor 51. Gasification reactor 51 from fuel cell 61 The water vapor of 700 ° C or higher contained in the exhaust gas supplied flows to the accumulation of carbon support. When high-temperature water vapor comes into contact with a carbon support covered with a carbonaceous solid containing carbon as a main component, a water gasification reaction occurs between water vapor and carbon.

Hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide are generated. When the temperature force when the water vapor contacts the carbon support is less than 700 ° C, the efficiency of the water gasification reaction decreases, so the temperature of the water vapor supplied to the gasification reactor 51 is 700 ° C or higher. There is a need. The recovery unit 54 recovers mesoporous particles that have been sufficiently returned to their original state by water vapor. The mesoporous particles collected by the collector 54 are recycled.

[0073] The gas generated by the gasification reactor 51 includes, in addition to hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide, water vapor, Contains carbon oxides and traces of hydrocarbons. The gas generated by the gasification reactor 51 is desulfurized by the desulfurizer 55, and the reformer 56 reforms the hydrocarbons to hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide are supplied from the reformer 56 to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell 61, and air is supplied from the air supply unit 63 to the air electrode of the fuel cell 61, so that the fuel cell 61 generates power. The power generated by the fuel cell 61 is output from the power output unit 64 to the outside.

[0074] With the power generation device of the present invention as described above, the carbon support of the present invention is used as a hydrogen gas generation source by a water gasification reaction, and the fuel cell 61 using the generated hydrogen as fuel generates power. Do. Since high-temperature fuel cells have high power generation efficiency, the present invention makes it possible to use biomass-derived energy with high efficiency.

Note that the power generation device shown in FIG. 8 is an example of the present invention, and the power generation device of the present invention may have other configurations. FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing another configuration example of the power generator of the present invention. The power generation apparatus includes a heat recovery unit 62 that recovers heat from the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell 61. The heat recovery unit 62 generates steam at 700 ° C. or higher with the heat recovered from the fuel cell 61, and supplies the generated steam to the gasification reactor 51. Furthermore, the power generation device includes a heat recovery unit 65 that recovers heat retained by the mesoporous particles recovered from the gasification reactor 51 by the recovery unit 54. The heat recovery unit 65 uses a heat medium such as water vapor to heat the carbon carrier stored in the storage 52 in advance with the recovered heat. The other configuration of the power generation device is the same as the configuration of the power generation device shown in FIG. 8, and the corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.

[0076] The supply machine 53 supplies the carbon carrier previously heated to a certain temperature from the storage 52 to the gasification reactor 51, and the heat recovery machine 62 supplies steam at 700 ° C or more to the gasification reactor 51. In the gasification reactor 51, hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide are generated when high-temperature steam comes into contact with the carbon support. The generated hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide are supplied to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell 61 through the desulfurizer 55 and the reformer 56, whereby the fuel cell 61 generates electricity. By recovering the heat of the exhaust gas from the fuel cell 61 by the heat recovery unit 62 and generating high-temperature water vapor, a gas having a high water vapor content is supplied to the gasification reactor 51 to efficiently produce hydrogen gas and hydrogen gas. Carbon monoxide can be generated. In addition, the mesoporous particles recovered from the gasification reactor 51 by the recovery unit 54 retain heat, and the heat recovery unit 65 By recovering the heat of the porous particles and preheating the carbon support, the thermal efficiency of the power generator can be improved.

[0077] Further, the power generation device of the present invention may be configured to generate water vapor at 700 ° C or higher by external energy supply. 8 and 9 show an example of an external reforming type power generation device, the power generation device of the present invention supplies a carbon carrier and water vapor to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell, and hydrogen gas and hydrogen are generated on the fuel electrode. It may be an internal reforming power generation device that generates power by generating carbon monoxide. Further, the hydrogen gas generated using the carbon support of the present invention is not limited to use in a fuel cell, but the hydrogen gas generated by the water gasification reaction can be recovered and used for other purposes. Is possible.

[0078] In the present invention, it is possible to generate power using an internal combustion engine such as a gas engine or a gas turbine instead of a fuel cell, and to realize cogeneration using exhaust heat from the internal combustion engine. FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the power generation device of the present invention that realizes cogeneration. The power generation device includes an internal combustion engine 81 such as a gas engine or a gas turbine that operates using a gas containing hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide generated by the gasification reactor 51 as a fuel, and a generator that generates power using the power of the internal combustion engine 81. 82.

[0079] The gasification reactor 51 is provided with a supply unit 53 for supplying a carbon carrier from a storage unit 52, and a recovery unit 54 for recovering mesoporous particles after the gasification reaction. A heat exchanger 83 to which water is supplied is connected to the gasification reactor 51 via a gas pipe, and the gas generated by the gasification reactor 51 is heated by the heat exchanger 83 to produce water vapor. It is the structure to generate. The steam generated in the heat exchanger 83 is supplied to the gasification reactor 51. A heat exchanger 84 to which air containing oxygen is supplied is connected to the heat exchanger 83 by a gas pipe, and the gas that has passed through the heat exchanger 83 flows into the next heat exchanger 84. In the heat exchanger 84, the inflowing gas heats the air and is cooled by the air, and moisture is discharged from the gas by the cooling to generate a dry gas containing hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. The heat exchanger 84 is connected to the internal combustion engine 81 with a gas pipe, and is configured to supply dry gas containing hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide to the internal combustion engine 81. The internal combustion engine 81 is supplied with air together with dry gas, and burns dry gas containing hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide as fuel. Power is generated, and the generator 82 is operated with the generated power. The generator 82 generates power using the power of the internal combustion engine 81 and outputs electric power.

A gas pipe that discharges exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine 81 after the internal combustion engine 81 burns the dry gas of the fuel is connected to the heat exchanger 85. The heat exchanger 85 is configured to be supplied with air exhausted from the heat exchanger 84 and to exchange heat between the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine 81 and the air from the heat exchanger 84. Since the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 81 is hot, the air is sufficiently heated by the heat exchanger 85 to become preheated air. The heat exchanger 85 is connected to the gasification reactor 51 with a gas pipe, and preheated air discharged from the heat exchanger 85 is supplied to the gasification reactor 51. Further, the exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger 85 is kept at a high temperature, and becomes a heat output that can be used for generating hot water, generating water vapor, or a heat source for air conditioning.

[0081] The supply unit 53 supplies the carbon carrier from the storage 52 to the gasification reactor 51, and the carbon carrier in the gasification reactor 51 is integrated with the steam from the heat exchanger 83 and the heat exchanger. Preheated air from 85 flows. In the gasification reactor 51, water contained in the carbon support is oxidized by oxygen contained in the preheated air, along with an aqueous gasification reaction in which hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide are generated when water vapor contacts the carbon support. Oxidation reaction occurs. Since the oxidation reaction is an exothermic reaction, the gasification reactor 51 is heated from the inside, and the temperature in the gasification reactor 51 is adjusted to 750 ° C to 900 ° C, which is appropriate for maintaining the water gasification reaction. Kept.

[0082] The gas generated by the gasification reactor 51 contains water vapor and carbon dioxide in addition to hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide, and is cooled and dried by the heat exchanger 83 and the heat exchanger 84 to become a dry gas. Is supplied to the internal combustion engine 81. The dry gas supplied to the internal combustion engine 81 has a lower hydrogen gas concentration than the gas supplied to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell 61 in the power generator shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, but the internal combustion engine 81 is a fuel. Since the hydrogen gas at a concentration as high as that of the battery 61 is not required, the internal combustion engine 81 and the generator 82 can output power efficiently. The hot exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 81 becomes a heat output as described above after the air is preheated by the heat exchanger 85.

As described above, the power generation device of the present invention shown in FIG. Output cogeneration can be realized. By realizing cogeneration

The utilization efficiency of energy obtained from the carbon carrier can be improved. The power generation apparatus of the present invention that realizes cogeneration can be used in various facilities such as office buildings, hospitals, and apartment houses. Since the power generation apparatus of the present invention using the internal combustion engine 81 is lower in cost than the power generation apparatus using the fuel cell 61 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, it can be put into practical use more easily.

In addition, the power generation device of the present invention whose configuration example is shown in FIG. 10 can make the gasification reactor 51 an internal heating type by supplying air containing oxygen into the gasification reactor 51. Therefore, it is not necessary to supply heat to the gasification reactor 51 from the outside. Note that oxygen gas or oxygen-enriched air, which is not normal air, may be supplied to the gasification reactor 51. Even in these cases, the gasification reactor 51 can be of the internal heat type, and the energy of the carbon support can be used efficiently. In the present invention, it is also possible to realize a combined power generation in which steam is generated by the heat of the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine 81 and the steam turbine is driven by the generated steam to further generate power. With the power generation device of the present invention that realizes the cogeneration as described above, it is possible to use the energy derived from the biomass with high efficiency.

[0085] (Cheer use form)

The chia produced as a by-product by the method for producing a carbon carrier of the present invention contains a carbonaceous solid as a main component and does not contain tar. Therefore, by using chia as fuel, problems such as poor thermal efficiency and generation of tar and soot when biomass is directly used as fuel can be solved. For example, the chia can be used as a high-quality fuel in a heat supply system, power generation system or cogeneration system using an external combustion engine such as a Stirling engine.

[0086] Further, since the surface of the cheat produced according to the present invention is a carbonaceous solid like the carbon support, it can be used as a hydrogen generation source by the water gasification reaction as with the carbon support. Yes, it is possible. That is, in the power generation apparatus shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 9, or FIG. 10, it is possible to configure a power generation apparatus using a chi-cha instead of the carbon support.

FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a part of a configuration example of a power generation device using a chia. The In the gasification reactor 91, a cheat is supplied to form a stack of chews. In the gasification reactor 91 in which the cheers are accumulated, high-temperature steam is supplied, and the high-temperature steam comes into contact with the chief, which is mainly composed of carbonaceous solids, so that water gas is generated between the steam and the carbon. A hydrogenation reaction occurs, and hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide are generated. The generated hydrogen gas and gas containing carbon monoxide are discharged out of the gasification reactor 91. The configuration for using the generated hydrogen gas and gas containing carbon monoxide and the configuration for supplying water vapor to the gasification reactor 91 are shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 9, or FIG. The explanation is omitted. Note that air containing oxygen such as air, oxygen gas, or oxygen-enriched air may be supplied to the gasification reactor 91 together with water vapor. The generated hydrogen gas and gas containing carbon monoxide can be used in a fuel cell or an internal combustion engine as described above to generate power or cogeneration.

A rotary valve 92 is provided below the gasification reactor 91, and a collector 93 is provided below the rotary valve 92. By rotating the rotary valve 92 at a predetermined rotational speed, the chew after the water gasification reaction is discharged from the gasification reactor 91 at a predetermined rate and collected in the recovery unit 93. When water gasification is completely performed in the gasification reactor 91, the carbon contained in the chia is completely gasified and the chia becomes ash. In this case, the collector 93 collects ash.

[0089] As described above, the chia which is a by-product of the present invention can be used as a high-quality fuel and can also be used as a hydrogen gas generation source by a water gasification reaction. It is possible to use biomass-derived energy with high efficiency.

Claims

The scope of the claims

[1] A carbon support characterized in that a carbonaceous solid mainly composed of carbon adheres to the surface of mesoporous particles.

[2] The carbon carrier according to claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous solid contains 20 mmol or more of carbon per gram of the mesoporous particles.

[3] The carbon support according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mesoporous particles have a specific surface area of 200 square meters or more per gram.

[4] The mesoporous particles, carbon support according to any one of claims 1 to _3, characterized in that aluminum oxide as a main ingredient.

5. The carbon support according to claim 4, wherein the mesoporous particles are composed of γ-alumina having acid sites on the surface.

[6] A method for producing the carbon carrier according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the organic material of biological origin is pyrolyzed at 400 ° C or higher and 1000 ° C or lower,

A carbon support characterized by depositing a carbonaceous solid on the surface of mesoporous particles by bringing the gas phase component generated by pyrolysis into contact with mesoporous particles at 400 ° C or higher and 1000 ° C or lower. Production method.

[7] A method for producing a carbon carrier according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a biological organic material is pyrolyzed at 400 ° C or higher and 1000 ° C or lower,

Vapor phase components generated by pyrolysis are permeated into an accumulation of a plurality of mesoporous particles at 400 ° C or higher and 1000 ° C or lower,

A method for producing a carbon carrier, wherein mesoporous particles infiltrated with the gas phase component are taken out from the aggregate.

[8] The method for producing a carbon carrier according to [7], wherein the vapor phase component after permeating into the aggregate is recovered.

[9] The method for producing a carbon carrier according to [7] or [8], wherein the residue after the vapor phase component is separated from the biological organic material by thermal decomposition is recovered.

[10] By controlling the temperature at which the biological organic material is thermally decomposed and / or the temperature at which the gas phase component generated by the thermal decomposition penetrates into the aggregate, the biological organic material is The method for producing a carbon carrier according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein a yield of the carbon carrier to obtain contained carbon is adjusted.

[11] An apparatus for producing the carbon carrier according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a pyrolysis means for pyrolyzing a biological organic substance at 400 ° C or higher and 1000 ° C or lower; A permeation means for allowing a gas phase component generated by the decomposition means to permeate into an accumulation of a plurality of mesoporous particles at 400 ° C or higher and 1000 ° C or lower;

And a means for taking out mesoporous particles infiltrated with the gas phase component from the accumulated product.

[12] means for recovering at least a part of the gas phase component after the infiltration means permeates the accumulation;

Means for burning the gas phase component recovered by the means;

Means for controlling the temperature conditions of the thermal decomposition means and the permeation means using heat generated by combustion by the means;

The carbon carrier manufacturing apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:

[13] A gas containing water vapor having a temperature of 700 ° C or higher is brought into contact with the carbon support according to any one of claims 1 to 5,

Recovering the generated hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas

A gas generation method characterized by the above.

[14] A gas containing water vapor having a temperature of 700 ° C or higher is allowed to flow through the accumulation in which the carbon support according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is accumulated,

Collect the generated hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas,

Supply the recovered hydrogen gas and Z or carbon monoxide gas to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell, and generate electricity using the fuel cell supplied with the hydrogen gas and Z or carbon monoxide gas to the fuel electrode.

A power generation method characterized by the above.

[15] a fuel cell having a fuel electrode;

Means for causing a gas containing water vapor having a temperature of 700 ° C or higher to flow through the accumulation of the carbon support according to any one of claims 1 to 5; Means for recovering hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas generated from the means; means for supplying the hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas recovered by the means to the fuel electrode of the fuel cell;

Means for outputting electric power generated by the fuel cell supplied with the hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas to the fuel electrode by the means;

A power generation device comprising:

[16] A gas containing water vapor and oxygen having a temperature of 700 ° C or higher is allowed to flow through the aggregate on which the carbon carrier according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is accumulated,

Supplying the generated hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas to the internal combustion engine,

Power generation is performed by the power of the internal combustion engine supplied with the hydrogen gas and Z or carbon monoxide gas.

A power generation method characterized by the above.

[17] means for causing a gas containing water vapor and oxygen having a temperature of 700 ° C or higher to flow through the accumulation of the carbon support according to any one of claims 1 to 5;

An internal combustion engine for generating power by burning hydrogen gas and / or carbon monoxide gas generated from the means;

Means for generating electricity by power generated by the internal combustion engine;

A power generation device comprising: