WO2007085599A1 - Automotive glazing - Google Patents

Automotive glazing Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007085599A1
WO2007085599A1 PCT/EP2007/050657 EP2007050657W WO2007085599A1 WO 2007085599 A1 WO2007085599 A1 WO 2007085599A1 EP 2007050657 W EP2007050657 W EP 2007050657W WO 2007085599 A1 WO2007085599 A1 WO 2007085599A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glazing
diodes
sheet
light
son
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/050657
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Hugues Lefevre
Antoine Luyckx
Original Assignee
Agc Flat Glass Europe Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Agc Flat Glass Europe Sa filed Critical Agc Flat Glass Europe Sa
Priority to EP07704091A priority Critical patent/EP1979160A1/en
Priority to EA200801737A priority patent/EA012744B1/en
Publication of WO2007085599A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007085599A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • B60Q1/2661—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic mounted on parts having other functions
    • B60Q1/268—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic mounted on parts having other functions on windscreens or windows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10376—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing metal wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10541—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing comprising a light source or a light guide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
    • B60Q3/20—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors for lighting specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments; mounted on specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments
    • B60Q3/208—Sun roofs; Windows
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V33/00—Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for
    • F21V33/006—General building constructions or finishing work for buildings, e.g. roofs, gutters, stairs or floors; Garden equipment; Sunshades or parasols
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2367/00—Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
    • H05K2201/10007—Types of components
    • H05K2201/10106—Light emitting diode [LED]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to automotive glazing and particularly glazing roofs and those arranged on tailgates or rear window.
  • the present invention more specifically relates to the incorporation of electroluminescent elements in such glazings.
  • light-emitting diodes in automotive glazings has been presented previously for a variety of uses. It is in particular to arrange these diodes for displaying information on the behavior of the vehicle, and in this case the diodes are arranged in the glazing constituting the windshield. It is also the constitution of lighting means located in particular in the pavilion.
  • the object of the invention is to provide glazings comprising series of light-emitting diodes in a manner that is relatively more convenient to produce and well adapted to powers that are compatible with those required in particular for the internal illumination of the vehicle;
  • the glazing is composed of at least one sheet of rigid mineral or organic glass and at least one sheet of a thermoplastic material bonded to the rigid sheet.
  • the light-emitting diodes are incorporated in the sheet of thermoplastic material and are fed by means of conductive metal wires also incorporated in the sheet of thermoplastic material.
  • the main implementations envisaged locate the light-emitting diodes in windows or part of glazing that are not directly in the visual field. This is particularly the case of roof glazing. This is also the case of the rear glasses. For the latter also the presence of fine son raises all the less objection that users are accustomed to networks son enamelled screen-printed enamels, son that have dimensions much greater than the diameters of conductive wire son envisaged according to the invention.
  • the presence of the wires is also noticeable to a small extent insofar as, apart from the fact that they are not in the usual field of vision, the glazings constituting these roofs normally offer a reduced light transmission, the order of 30% or less to prevent the inconveniences related in particular to sunshine. In these transmission conditions, the contrast of the wires is less sensitive.
  • the wires have a diameter that does not exceed 300 ⁇ and preferably not 200 ⁇ .
  • the son feeding the diodes have a diameter of the order of 20 to 100 ⁇ . While it is advantageous to use the finest possible threads to minimize the gene or unattractiveness associated with their presence, it is still preferable to ensure that these threads offer a mechanical tensile strength sufficient to withstand the forces imposed in the preferred embodiments described below.
  • FIG. 1 shows in schematic form, a typical glazing structure according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram reminding an embodiment of the incorporation of son carrying diodes in a thermoplastic sheet.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a mode of preparation of supply wires supporting a series of diodes;
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically in section an embodiment of a glazing according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 is similar to Figure 4 and shows another embodiment of a glazing according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a glazed view "exploded" to illustrate the relative layout of the various components involved in the composition of the glazing.
  • This in the presented mode comprises two rigid transparent sheets (1, 2) of mineral or organic glass. These sheets in the glazing are joined by means of a thermoplastic interlayer sheet 3, in the usual manner for the constitution of laminated glazing.
  • the materials traditionally usable for this purpose can be used according to the invention. These include polyacetal resins including polyvinyl butyral resins (PVB). It is also polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyvinyl acetate (EVA) ...
  • the interlayer sheets (3) joining the two rigid sheets (1, 2) are also perfectly transparent.
  • the glass sheets are either clear or colored. Particularly when the glazing constitutes the roof or part of the roof of a vehicle, it is usual to use colored sheets having a limited light transmission, and especially a transmission energy as limited as possible In the latter case it is usually glass products with strong color especially because of the presence of a relatively high iron concentration.
  • the interlayer (3) can also be colored.
  • the glazing is intended to be a roof and the diodes form the lighting means of the passenger compartment.
  • the diodes (5) each of limited power are assembled in the ceiling position.
  • This provision which makes in the traditional modes of incandescent lamps the light source is more or less punctual, can of course be changed to the extent that the diodes are not necessarily collected on a small space. It may be preferred to distribute these light sources that constitute the diodes, in particular so as to cover a significant portion of the glazing surface. Such an arrangement is particularly sought to have a less glare lighting, or even possibly less as lighting to create a softer light atmosphere. In these distributions the diodes can be uniformly distributed over the surface or a part of the surface of the glazing, they can also reproduce a defined pattern according to their relative positions with respect to each other.
  • each diode used advantageously produces a luminous flux that is not greater than 3 lumens, and preferably not greater than 1 lumen.
  • the diodes advantageously offer significantly higher powers. For example, diodes developing from 5 to 25 lumens and preferably from 10 to 20 lumens are used.
  • the diodes (5) are assembled in groups aligned along supply wires (4). These supply son are themselves connected to conductors 6 located on both sides of the glazing. These drivers (“bus bar”) are traditionally constituted either by wires, ribbons, braids or even enamelled conductive strips. In the latter case they are located on the glass sheet (1) and not as shown on the insert (3).
  • the contact between the son (4) and the conductors (6) is obtained in the usual manner by means of conductive glue, solder or by simple contact the son (4) coming under pressure because of the assembly of the sheets.
  • Figure 4 shows in section the arrangement of the various elements involved in the constitution of the glazing after assembly.
  • the diodes (5) whose thickness is chosen so that it does not exceed that of the interlayer sheet (3) are included in the thermoplastic material of this sheet. Due to its plasticity the material at the time of assembly conforms to conform to the contour of the diodes without leaving pockets or air bubbles.
  • the diodes of small dimensions are well enveloped by the material of the interlayer.
  • FIG. 4 shows a series of 5 diodes fed by the same wire 4.
  • diodes When, as in FIG. 1, several series of diodes are arranged close to one another, it would be possible to place diodes astride two adjacent wires, in other words the diodes would then be connected in parallel. Such a provision is however not preferred.
  • the usual diodes have individual characteristics that can differ substantially from one to the other, either from the beginning or during their lifetime. Under these conditions, the risk is to discern different luminosities from one to the other. Although this eventuality is not incompatible with the lighting function, it is preferable for aesthetic reasons that each diode in the set has a substantially identical appearance when in operation. For this reason the serial arrangement is preferred.
  • each diode is associated this time in parallel with a similar diode.
  • the power developed by each diode is not greater than half the nominal power that it offers.
  • the embodiment of the son carrying the diodes is advantageously conducted prior to incorporation into the intermediate sheet.
  • the diodes are advantageously fixed on the conductor wire (4) as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the fastening is obtained conventionally, for example by means of conductive glue or solder on the tabs (10) of the diodes. It is ordinarily easier to fix on a continuous wire as shown in FIG. 3, than to constitute a chain of diodes from successive sections of conducting wires.
  • the rupture of the wire can intervene from the beginning on the wire to which the diodes are fixed beforehand but before incorporation in the interlayer sheet. It is also possible to cut (11) after placing the wire and diodes in the interlayer sheet.
  • the first cutting mode has a certain convenience for the breaking of the wire and avoids subsequent contacts likely to accidentally bypass a diode.
  • an intermediate sheet is wound on a drum (7) optionally the conductors (6) are previously arranged on the interlayer sheet.
  • the wires (4) carrying the diodes (5) are reeled under tension from a coil (8).
  • a calender roll (9) with the drum (7) is also advantageously used to press the wires and diodes into the thermoplastic material of the interlayer.
  • the intermediate sheets (3) are assembled with the rigid sheets in the traditional way, in particular by steaming under pressure.
  • the temperatures during this assembly finish the coating of the diodes in the thermoplastic material at the same time that ensure the bonding of the sheets together.
  • son and diodes Another embodiment of the son and diodes, not shown, consists of the application of these son and diodes on an intermediate sheet according to the desired arrangement, the fixing being carried out punctually along these son, for example by local merger of tab.
  • the wires placed in position and held by these interleaved welding points can then be directly subjected to the sheet assembly operation, in which assembly the pressure and the temperature lead to incorporation into the interlayer sheet.
  • FIG. 4 shows an assembled glazing comprising an interlayer sheet (3).
  • the thicknesses of the interleaving sheets currently available are less than 1 mm.
  • the PVB sheets for example are marketed at 0.38 and 0.76mm.
  • the diodes used are advantageously of a thickness of less than 0.5 mm. To ensure that they are well wrapped in the interlayer material, the thickness thereof must be obviously at least equal, and preferably a little higher.
  • the diodes are subject to constraints which should not create any risk of deterioration. For this it is preferable to ensure that the thickness of the sheet or interleaves used is at least 20% greater than that of the diodes. This margin of thickness avoids the crushing of the diodes between rigid sheets during assembly. The nature of the assembly technique also leads to more or less constraining pressures. Depending on the dimensions the shapes and the type of glazing, it it is possible to proceed by calendering, in compression envelopes under vacuum ...
  • the pressures exerted during calendering are those which are most likely to develop excessive local stresses for the integrity of the diodes. In this case it is practically necessary to have interlayer sheets having a thickness greater than that of the diodes. In the techniques using vacuum envelopes to compress the assembled sheets, the efforts are better distributed the thickness of the interlayer sheets may be closer to that of the diodes.
  • the assembly can be conducted with one or more sheets of thermoplastic material.
  • two intermediate sheets (mode not shown) it is preferable to arrange the son and diodes between the two sheets in question. In this way the enveloping of the diodes is particularly well ensured.
  • glazing according to the invention are composed of two rigid sheets (1, 2), it is also possible to proceed to an assembly of a rigid sheet with one or more sheets of a flexible material. It is known to produce in this way what is commonly referred to as "bilayer" glazing.
  • the flexible material is for example a poly-urethane material which while flexible may have good scratch resistance or a character “self-healing".
  • FIG. 5 schematizes in section a material of this nature which comprises, for example in addition to the rigid sheet, a sheet of a material traditionally used to constitute laminates, in particular a sheet of PVB (3), which sheet is protected from scratching on the opposite side to that of the rigid sheet (1) by a "harder” protective sheet (12).
  • the latter is advantageously made of a polymer and has a thickness sufficiently small to conform to the curve of the rigid sheet which imposes the general form.
  • Sheets (3) and (12) are commercially available in pre-assembled form. This is the case, for example, of products marketed by Dupont under the name "Sentry”. It is obviously possible to assemble from several separate sheets. In all cases the incorporation of the son and diodes is conducted as indicated above.

Abstract

The present invention relates to automotive glazing and particularly to glazing for sunroofs and glazing placed on tailgates or as rear windows, which glazing includes electroluminescent elements. The glazing comprises at least one rigid sheet of mineral or organic glass and at least one sheet of a thermoplastic bonded to the rigid sheet. It includes a set of light-emitting diodes incorporated into the thermoplastic sheet(s), the diodes being supplied by means of metal wires having a diameter of less than 300 µm, which wires are also incorporated into the thermoplastic sheet(s).

Description

Vitrage automobile Auto glass
La présente invention concerne les vitrages automobiles et particulièrement les vitrages de toits et ceux disposés sur les hayons ou en lunette arrière.The present invention relates to automotive glazing and particularly glazing roofs and those arranged on tailgates or rear window.
La présente invention concerne plus précisément l'incorporation d'éléments électroluminescents dans de tels vitrages.The present invention more specifically relates to the incorporation of electroluminescent elements in such glazings.
La mise en oeuvre de diodes électroluminescentes dans des vitrages automobiles a été présentée antérieurement à des usages variés. Il s'agit notamment de disposer ces diodes à des fins d'affichage d'information sur le comportement du véhicule, et dans ce cas les diodes sont disposées dans le vitrage constituant le pare-brise. Il s'agit aussi de la constitution de moyens d'éclairage situés en particulier dans le pavillon.The use of light-emitting diodes in automotive glazings has been presented previously for a variety of uses. It is in particular to arrange these diodes for displaying information on the behavior of the vehicle, and in this case the diodes are arranged in the glazing constituting the windshield. It is also the constitution of lighting means located in particular in the pavilion.
Le choix de diodes électroluminescentes pour ces applications, dans le premier cas s'explique par l'intérêt de pouvoir disposer de moyens d'affichage dans le vitrage, qui ne nécessite pas le recours à des solutions relativement lourdes que constituent les dispositifs d'affichage de type dits "tête haute" (head up display) . Dans le second cas les moyens d'éclairage traditionnels ne peuvent être implantés sur des vitrages sans nuire à l'aspect esthétique de "transparence", aspect qui est la raison du choix de toits vitrés, et le recours aux diodes électroluminescentes est perçu comme une manière de conserver autant que possible la transparence en question.The choice of light-emitting diodes for these applications, in the first case, is explained by the advantage of being able to have display means in the glazing, which does not require the use of relatively heavy solutions that constitute the display devices so-called "head up" type (head up display). In the second case, the traditional lighting means can not be installed on glazing without affecting the aesthetic aspect of "transparency", which is the reason for the choice of glazed roofs, and the use of light-emitting diodes is perceived as a how to preserve the transparency in question as much as possible.
Au-delà du principe de l'utilisation de telles diodes électroluminescentes se posent diverses questions, et en particulier leur mode d'incorporation et d'alimentation. Dans ces deux cas indiqués ci- dessus il a été proposé d'incorporer des diodes électroluminescentes dans un vitrage feuilleté, et de les alimenter en choisissant d'utiliser essentiellement des couches conductrices minces transparentes. Le choix de ce mode s'explique aisément lorsque les vitrages en question sont déjà revêtus de ces couches pour conférer des fonctions particulières indépendantes de la présence de ces diodes. C'est le cas en particulier des couches conductrices qui ont pour rôle bien connu de filtrer le rayonnement solaire pour en éliminer la plus grande partie des infrarouges, ou encore de servir de moyen de chauffage de ces vitrages. En pratique tous les vitrages ne comportent pas ce type de couche. Par ailleurs la mise en place des diodes électroluminescentes sur ces couches conductrices nécessite un assemblage délicat et la réalisation de circuits non moins délicats.Beyond the principle of the use of such light-emitting diodes arise various questions, and in particular their mode of incorporation and feeding. In these two cases indicated above, it has been proposed to incorporate light-emitting diodes in a laminated glazing, and to feed them by choosing to use essentially transparent thin conductive layers. The choice of this mode is easily explained when the windows in question are already coated with these layers to confer particular functions independent of the presence of these diodes. This is particularly the case of conductive layers whose role is well known to filter solar radiation to remove most of the infrared, or to serve as a means of heating these windows. In practice all glazing does not include this type of layer. Moreover, the establishment of the light-emitting diodes on these conductive layers requires a delicate assembly and the realization of circuits no less delicate.
L'invention a pour but de fournir des vitrages comportant des séries de diodes électroluminescentes de façon relativement plus commode à réaliser et bien adaptés à des puissances compatibles avec celles nécessitées notamment pour l'éclairage interne du véhicule;The object of the invention is to provide glazings comprising series of light-emitting diodes in a manner that is relatively more convenient to produce and well adapted to powers that are compatible with those required in particular for the internal illumination of the vehicle;
Selon l'invention le vitrage est composé d'au moins une feuille de verre minéral ou organique rigide et d'au moins une feuille d'un matériau thermoplastique collé à la feuille rigide. Les diodes électroluminescentes sont incorporées dans la feuille de matériau thermoplastique et sont alimentées au moyen de fils métallique conducteurs également incorporés dans la feuille de matériau thermoplastique.According to the invention the glazing is composed of at least one sheet of rigid mineral or organic glass and at least one sheet of a thermoplastic material bonded to the rigid sheet. The light-emitting diodes are incorporated in the sheet of thermoplastic material and are fed by means of conductive metal wires also incorporated in the sheet of thermoplastic material.
Il est connu de réaliser des vitrages automobiles dans lesquels des fils conducteurs sont incorporés pour constituer un réseau chauffant. Ces dispositions sont utilisées notamment pour dégivrer ou désembuer les pare-brise de certains véhicules. Cette solution est choisie pour remplacer l'utilisation de couches minces chauffantes qui présentent des difficultés de réalisation notamment sur des vitrages de grandes dimensions pour lesquels aux épaisseurs compatibles avec une transmission lumineuse suffisante, offrent une résistance trop importante pour conduire à une puissance adaptée aux voltage habituellement utilisés. L'incorporation de fils dans un pare-brise constitue cependant une solution qui n'est pas préférée. La présence de fils même extrêmement fins n'est pas souhaitable dans le champ visuel, d'autant que ceux-ci couvrent la quasi-totalité du pare-brise. A l'inverse selon l'invention de telles limitations ne s'imposent pas.It is known to produce automotive windows in which conductor son are incorporated to form a heating network. These provisions are used in particular to defrost or defog the windshields of certain vehicles. This solution is chosen to replace the use of thin heating layers which have difficulties of realization in particular on large glazings for which at thicknesses compatible with a sufficient light transmission, offer a resistance too important to lead to a power adapted to the voltage usually used. Incorporation of wires in a windshield, however, is a solution that is not preferred. The presence of even extremely fine son is not desirable in the visual field, especially since these cover almost the entire windshield. Conversely, according to the invention, such limitations are not necessary.
D'une part les principales mises en oeuvre envisagées localisent les diodes électroluminescentes dans des vitrages ou partie de vitrage qui ne sont pas directement dans le champ visuel. C'est le cas notamment des vitrages de toits. C'est aussi le cas des lunettes arrière. Pour ces dernières par ailleurs la présence de fils fins soulève d'autant moins d'objection que les utilisateurs sont habitués aux réseaux de fils d'émaux conducteurs sérigraphiés, fils qui présentent des dimensions très supérieures aux diamètres des fils métalliques conducteurs envisagés selon l'invention. Pour ce qui concerne les toits, la présence des fils se remarque aussi relativement peu dans la mesure où, en dehors du fait qu'ils ne sont pas dans le champ visuel habituel, les vitrages constituant ces toits offrent normalement une transmission lumineuse réduite, de l'ordre de 30% ou moins pour prévenir les inconvénients liés notamment à l'ensoleillement. Dans ces conditions de transmission, le contraste des fils est moins sensible.On the one hand, the main implementations envisaged locate the light-emitting diodes in windows or part of glazing that are not directly in the visual field. This is particularly the case of roof glazing. This is also the case of the rear glasses. For the latter also the presence of fine son raises all the less objection that users are accustomed to networks son enamelled screen-printed enamels, son that have dimensions much greater than the diameters of conductive wire son envisaged according to the invention. As regards the roofs, the presence of the wires is also noticeable to a small extent insofar as, apart from the fact that they are not in the usual field of vision, the glazings constituting these roofs normally offer a reduced light transmission, the order of 30% or less to prevent the inconveniences related in particular to sunshine. In these transmission conditions, the contrast of the wires is less sensitive.
Quoiqu'il en soit, il reste préférable d'utiliser des fils aussi discrets que possible, tout en garantissant une conduction suffisante pour éviter notamment un échauffement local qui s'ajoutant à celui occasionné par le fonctionnement des diodes pourrait causer des élévations de température nuisible notamment au matériau thermoplastique dans lequel sont incorporés les diodes et les fils qui les alimentent. En pratique les fils ont un diamètre qui ne dépasse pas 300μ et de préférence pas 200μ. De façon particulièrement préférée les fils alimentant les diodes ont un diamètre de l'ordre de 20 à lOOμ. S'il est avantageux d'utiliser les fils les plus fins possibles pour minimiser la gène ou le caractère inesthétique liés à leur présence, il est cependant préférable encore de faire en sorte que ces fils offrent une résistance mécanique à la traction suffisante pour supporter les efforts imposés dans les modes d'application préférés décrits plus loin.Anyway, it is preferable to use son as discrete as possible, while ensuring sufficient conduction to avoid including local heating that adds to that caused by the operation of the diodes could cause harmful temperature rise in particular the thermoplastic material in which are incorporated diodes and the son that feed them. In practice the wires have a diameter that does not exceed 300μ and preferably not 200μ. In a particularly preferred way the son feeding the diodes have a diameter of the order of 20 to 100μ. While it is advantageous to use the finest possible threads to minimize the gene or unattractiveness associated with their presence, it is still preferable to ensure that these threads offer a mechanical tensile strength sufficient to withstand the forces imposed in the preferred embodiments described below.
Dans les modes antérieurs envisagés pour l'introduction de diodes électroluminescentes alimentées au moyen de circuits constitués dans des couches conductrices, il va de soi que ces couches seules ne sont pas susceptibles de servir de support aux diodes. Autrement dit la fixation des diodes aux moyens d'alimentation doit s'effectuer après que les couches conductrices aient été renforcées par combinaison avec d'autres éléments de structure. La fixation des diodes dans ces conditions est relativement complexe afin de garantir une bonne mise en place des diodes par rapport aux circuits d'alimentation.In the previous modes envisaged for the introduction of light-emitting diodes supplied by means of circuits formed in conductive layers, it goes without saying that these layers alone are not likely to serve as a support for the diodes. In other words, the fixing of the diodes to the supply means must be carried out after the conductive layers have been reinforced by combination with other structural elements. The fixation of the diodes under these conditions is relatively complex in order to guarantee a good positioning of the diodes with respect to the supply circuits.
Les dispositions de l'invention permettent de s'affranchir de ces contraintes en particulier lorsque les diodes sont assemblées en nombre. Dans ce cas il est possible en effet, et avantageux, de procéder directement à la constitution de séries de diodes rassemblées sur un même fil d'alimentation avant d'insérer ce fil dans le matériau thermoplastique. La fixation est faite dans ces conditions avec toute la précision souhaitée sans risque de positionnement défectueux des diodes par rapport au circuit d'alimentation. La constitution de chaînes de diodes présente en outre l'avantage de se prêter à la mise en place de ces fils dans le matériau thermoplastique de la façon, et avec les moyens habituellement utilisés antérieurement pour la mise en place de fils chauffants comme rappelé ci-dessus. L'invention est décrite de façon détaillée dans la suite en faisant référence aux planches de dessins dans lesquelles:The provisions of the invention make it possible to overcome these constraints, in particular when the diodes are assembled in number. In this case it is indeed possible, and advantageous, to proceed directly to the constitution of series of diodes gathered on the same supply wire before inserting this wire in the thermoplastic material. The fixing is done under these conditions with all the desired precision without risk of faulty positioning of the diodes relative to the power supply circuit. The formation of diode chains also has the advantage of being suitable for placing these wires in the thermoplastic material in the manner and with the means usually used previously for the introduction of heating wires as mentioned hereinafter. above. The invention is described in detail hereinafter with reference to drawing plates in which:
- la figure 1 représente sous forme schématisée, une structure typique de vitrage selon l'invention;- Figure 1 shows in schematic form, a typical glazing structure according to the invention;
- la figure 2 est un schéma rappelant un mode de réalisation de l'incorporation de fils portant des diodes dans une feuille thermoplastique. - la figure 3 illustre un mode de préparation de fils d'alimentation supportant une série de diodes;- Figure 2 is a diagram reminding an embodiment of the incorporation of son carrying diodes in a thermoplastic sheet. FIG. 3 illustrates a mode of preparation of supply wires supporting a series of diodes;
- la figure 4 représente de façon schématique en coupe un mode de réalisation d'un vitrage selon l'invention - la figure 5 est analogue à la figure 4 et présente un autre mode d réalisation d'un vitrage selon l'invention.- Figure 4 shows schematically in section an embodiment of a glazing according to the invention - Figure 5 is similar to Figure 4 and shows another embodiment of a glazing according to the invention.
La figure 1 présente un vitrage en vue "éclatée" pour bien illustrer la disposition relative des divers constituants entrant dans la composition du vitrage. Celui-ci dans le mode présenté comprend deux feuilles (1 ,2) transparentes rigides de verre minéral ou organique. Ces feuilles dans le vitrage sont réunies au moyen d'une feuille intercalaire thermoplastique 3, suivant les modalités usuelles pour la constitution de vitrages feuilletés. Les matériaux traditionnellement utilisables à cet usage peuvent être employés selon l'invention. Il s'agit notamment de résines polyacétals notamment de résines de polyvinyl butyrals (PVB). Il s'agit aussi de poly-chlorures de vinyle (PVC) ou d'acétate de poly-vinyl (EVA) ...Figure 1 shows a glazed view "exploded" to illustrate the relative layout of the various components involved in the composition of the glazing. This in the presented mode comprises two rigid transparent sheets (1, 2) of mineral or organic glass. These sheets in the glazing are joined by means of a thermoplastic interlayer sheet 3, in the usual manner for the constitution of laminated glazing. The materials traditionally usable for this purpose can be used according to the invention. These include polyacetal resins including polyvinyl butyral resins (PVB). It is also polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyvinyl acetate (EVA) ...
Une fois assemblées les feuilles intercalaires(3) réunissant les deux feuilles rigides (1,2) sont également parfaitement transparentes.Once assembled, the interlayer sheets (3) joining the two rigid sheets (1, 2) are also perfectly transparent.
Les feuilles de verre sont soit claires soit colorées. En particulier lorsque le vitrage constitue le toit ou une partie du toit d'un véhicule il est usuel d'utiliser des feuilles colorées présentant une transmission lumineuse restreinte, et surtout une transmission énergétique aussi limitée que possible Dans ce dernier cas il s'agit habituellement de produits verrier à forte coloration notamment du fait de la présence d'une concentration en fer relativement importante. L'intercalaire (3) peut également être colorée.The glass sheets are either clear or colored. Particularly when the glazing constitutes the roof or part of the roof of a vehicle, it is usual to use colored sheets having a limited light transmission, and especially a transmission energy as limited as possible In the latter case it is usually glass products with strong color especially because of the presence of a relatively high iron concentration. The interlayer (3) can also be colored.
Dans le mode représenté à la figure 1 le vitrage est destiné à constituer un toit et les diodes forment les moyens d'éclairage de l'habitacle. Pour cela les diodes (5) chacune de puissance limitée sont assemblées en position de plafonnier. Cette disposition qui fait que dans les modes traditionnels de lampes à incandescence la source lumineuse est plus ou moins ponctuelle, peut bien évidemment être changée dans la mesure où les diodes ne sont pas nécessairement rassemblées sur un petit espace. Il peut être préféré de distribuer ces sources lumineuses que constituent les diodes, notamment de manière à couvrir une part significative de la surface du vitrage. Une telle disposition est particulièrement recherchée pour disposer d'un éclairage moins éblouissant, ou même éventuellement moins comme éclairage que pour créer une ambiance lumineuse plus douce. Dans ces distributions les diodes peuvent être uniformément distribuées sur la surface ou une partie de la surface du vitrage, elles peuvent également reproduire un motif défini selon leurs positions relatives les unes par rapport aux autres.In the mode shown in Figure 1 the glazing is intended to be a roof and the diodes form the lighting means of the passenger compartment. For this, the diodes (5) each of limited power are assembled in the ceiling position. This provision which makes in the traditional modes of incandescent lamps the light source is more or less punctual, can of course be changed to the extent that the diodes are not necessarily collected on a small space. It may be preferred to distribute these light sources that constitute the diodes, in particular so as to cover a significant portion of the glazing surface. Such an arrangement is particularly sought to have a less glare lighting, or even possibly less as lighting to create a softer light atmosphere. In these distributions the diodes can be uniformly distributed over the surface or a part of the surface of the glazing, they can also reproduce a defined pattern according to their relative positions with respect to each other.
Selon le type de lumière ou l'utilisation qui en est faite, en plus de la localisation des diodes, il est aussi avantageux de choisir leur puissance respective. Pour les éclairages d'ambiance il est préféré d'utiliser un nombre important de diodes bien réparties, ces diodes pouvant alors présenter individuellement une puissance lumineuse limitée. Pour un pavillon automobile par exemple chaque diode utilisée produit avantageusement un flux lumineux qui n'est pas supérieur à 3 lumens, et de préférence pas supérieur à 1 lumen. Pour des éclairage plus localisés, éventuellement ponctuel, ou comportant un nombre limité de diodes, par exemple un éclairage de seuil de portière, des feux de signalisation... , les diodes offrent avantageusement des puissances sensiblement plus importantes. On utilise par exemple des diodes développant de 5 à 25 lumens et de préférence de 10 à 20 lumens. Dans le mode présenté à la figure 1, les diodes (5) sont assemblées par groupes alignés le long de fils d'alimentation (4). Ces fils d'alimentation sont raccordés eux-mêmes à des conducteurs 6 situés des deux côtés du vitrage. Ces conducteurs ("bus bar") sont constitués de manière traditionnelle soit par des fils, rubans, tresses ou encore bandes conductrices émaillées. Dans ce dernier cas elles sont situées sur la feuille de verre (1) et non comme représenté sur l'intercalaire (3) .Depending on the type of light or the use made of it, in addition to the location of the diodes, it is also advantageous to choose their respective power. For ambient lighting it is preferred to use a large number of well-distributed diodes, these diodes can then individually have a limited light output. For a motor vehicle, for example each diode used advantageously produces a luminous flux that is not greater than 3 lumens, and preferably not greater than 1 lumen. For more localized lighting, possibly punctual, or with a limited number of diodes, for example a door sill lighting, traffic lights ..., the diodes advantageously offer significantly higher powers. For example, diodes developing from 5 to 25 lumens and preferably from 10 to 20 lumens are used. In the mode shown in FIG. 1, the diodes (5) are assembled in groups aligned along supply wires (4). These supply son are themselves connected to conductors 6 located on both sides of the glazing. These drivers ("bus bar") are traditionally constituted either by wires, ribbons, braids or even enamelled conductive strips. In the latter case they are located on the glass sheet (1) and not as shown on the insert (3).
Le contact entre les fils (4) et les conducteurs (6) est obtenu de manière usuelle au moyen de colle conductrice, soudure ou par simple contact les fils (4) venant s'appliquer sous pression du fait de l'assemblage des feuilles.The contact between the son (4) and the conductors (6) is obtained in the usual manner by means of conductive glue, solder or by simple contact the son (4) coming under pressure because of the assembly of the sheets.
La figure 4 présente en coupe la disposition des divers éléments entrant dans la constitution du vitrage après l'assemblage. Dans le cas présenté, les diodes(5) dont l'épaisseur est choisie de telle sorte qu'elle ne dépasse pas celle de la feuille intercalaire (3) sont englobées dans le matériau thermoplastique de cette feuille. Du fait de sa plasticité le matériau au moment de l'assemblage se conforme pour épouser le contour des diodes sans laisser de poches ou bulles d'air. Les diodes de petites dimensions sont bien enveloppées par le matériau de l'intercalaire.Figure 4 shows in section the arrangement of the various elements involved in the constitution of the glazing after assembly. In the case presented, the diodes (5) whose thickness is chosen so that it does not exceed that of the interlayer sheet (3) are included in the thermoplastic material of this sheet. Due to its plasticity the material at the time of assembly conforms to conform to the contour of the diodes without leaving pockets or air bubbles. The diodes of small dimensions are well enveloped by the material of the interlayer.
La figure 4 montre une série de 5 diodes alimentées par le même fil 4. Lorsque, comme à la figure 1 plusieurs séries de diodes sont disposées à proximité les unes des autres, il serait possible de placer des diodes à cheval sur deux fils contigus, autrement dit les diodes seraient alors montées en parallèle. Une telle disposition n'est cependant pas préférée. Les diodes usuelles présentent des caractéristiques individuelles qui peuvent différer sensiblement de l'une à l'autre, soit dès l'origine, soit au cours de leur vie. Dans ces conditions le risque est de discerner des luminosités différentes de l'une à l'autre. Bien que cette éventualité ne soit pas incompatible avec la fonction d'éclairage, il est préférable pour des raisons d'esthétique que chaque diode de l'ensemble présente une apparence sensiblement identique lorsqu'elles sont en fonctionnement. Pour cette raison la disposition en série est préférée. Elle garantit que les diodes sont parcourues par une intensité égale le long d'un même fil, et par suite développent une luminosité sensiblement égale. Dans la disposition en série le risque est d'avoir une diode défaillante ce qui conduit à l'interruption de fonctionnement de toute la série. En pratique le risque est relativement limité. Le mode de fonctionnement des diodes, contrairement à celui des lampes à incandescence, fait que leur vieillissement se traduit par une diminution progressive de leur puissance. Cette diminution est par ailleurs extrêmement lente. Des durées de vie de plusieurs dizaines de milliers d'heures sont habituelles jusqu'à atteindre une demi-puissance. Le risque n'est donc pas normalement d'une défaillance liée à l'usure des diodes.FIG. 4 shows a series of 5 diodes fed by the same wire 4. When, as in FIG. 1, several series of diodes are arranged close to one another, it would be possible to place diodes astride two adjacent wires, in other words the diodes would then be connected in parallel. Such a provision is however not preferred. The usual diodes have individual characteristics that can differ substantially from one to the other, either from the beginning or during their lifetime. Under these conditions, the risk is to discern different luminosities from one to the other. Although this eventuality is not incompatible with the lighting function, it is preferable for aesthetic reasons that each diode in the set has a substantially identical appearance when in operation. For this reason the serial arrangement is preferred. It ensures that the diodes are traversed by equal intensity along the same wire, and consequently develop a substantially equal brightness. In the serial arrangement the risk is to have a faulty diode which leads to the interruption of operation of the entire series. In practice the risk is relatively limited. The operating mode of the diodes, unlike that of incandescent lamps, is that their aging results in a gradual decrease in their power. This decrease is also extremely slow. Life spans of tens of thousands of hours are usual until you reach half a power. The risk is not normally a failure due to the wear of the diodes.
Si une défaillance survient, elle provient plus habituellement d'une détérioration qui pourrait intervenir par exemple à l'assemblage. Pour prévenir une telle situation il est possible par exemple de dédoubler chaque diode. Le long du même fil chaque diode est associée cette fois en parallèle avec une diode semblable. Pour éviter une différence sensible de luminosité il est préférable dans ce cas de faire en sorte que la puissance développée par chaque diode ne soit pas supérieure à la moitié de la puissance nominale que celle-ci offre. En cas de défaillance d'une des diodes d'une paire la puissance de celle restant active compense alors sensiblement la différence pour atteindre à peu près la puissance des doublons de diodes de la même série.If a failure occurs, it usually comes from a deterioration that could occur for example at assembly. To prevent such a situation it is possible for example to split each diode. Along the same wire each diode is associated this time in parallel with a similar diode. To avoid a significant difference in brightness it is preferable in this case to ensure that the power developed by each diode is not greater than half the nominal power that it offers. In the event of a failure of one of the diodes of a pair, the power of the one remaining active then substantially compensates the difference to reach approximately the power of the duplicates of diodes of the same series.
La réalisation des fils portant les diodes est avantageusement conduite préalablement à l'incorporation dans la feuille intercalaire. Les diodes sont avantageusement fixées sur le fil conducteur (4) comme présenté à la figure 3. La fixation est obtenue de manière traditionnelle par exemple au moyen de colle conductrice ou de soudure sur les pattes (10) des diodes. Il est ordinairement plus aisé de procéder à la fixation sur un fil continu comme représenté à la figure 3, que de constituer une chaîne de diodes à partir de tronçons successifs de fils conducteurs. Bien évidemment en procédant de cette façon, il est nécessaire ultérieurement de rompre le fil comme représenté en (11) à la figure 4, entre les deux pattes de (10) de chaque diode. La rupture du fil peut intervenir dès l'origine sur le fil auquel sont fixées préalablement les diodes mais avant incorporation dans la feuille intercalaire. Il est aussi possible de procéder à la coupure (11) après mise en place du fil et des diodes dans la feuille intercalaire. Le premier mode de découpe présente une commodité certaine pour la rupture du fil et permet d'éviter les contacts ultérieurs susceptibles de court-circuiter accidentellement une diode.The embodiment of the son carrying the diodes is advantageously conducted prior to incorporation into the intermediate sheet. The diodes are advantageously fixed on the conductor wire (4) as shown in FIG. 3. The fastening is obtained conventionally, for example by means of conductive glue or solder on the tabs (10) of the diodes. It is ordinarily easier to fix on a continuous wire as shown in FIG. 3, than to constitute a chain of diodes from successive sections of conducting wires. Of course by proceeding in this way, it is necessary later to break the thread as represented in (11) in FIG. 4, between the two lugs (10) of each diode. The rupture of the wire can intervene from the beginning on the wire to which the diodes are fixed beforehand but before incorporation in the interlayer sheet. It is also possible to cut (11) after placing the wire and diodes in the interlayer sheet. The first cutting mode has a certain convenience for the breaking of the wire and avoids subsequent contacts likely to accidentally bypass a diode.
Quel que soit le mode choisi l'incorporation dans une feuille intercalaire peut être conduit sur le mode antérieur utilisé pour l'incorporation de fils chauffants. Ce mode est présenté à titre indicatif de façon schématique à 1 figure 2.Whichever mode is chosen, the incorporation into a spacer sheet may be conducted on the prior mode used for incorporation of heating wires. This mode is presented as an indication schematically in Figure 1.
Selon ce mode une feuille intercalaire est enroulée sur un tambour (7) éventuellement les conducteurs (6) sont préalablement disposés sur la feuille intercalaire. Les fils (4) portant les diodes (5) sont dévidés sous tension à partir d'une bobine (8) . Pour faciliter l'incorporation des fils et de diodes ceux-ci peuvent éventuellement être chauffés au préalable. Un rouleau (9) formant calandre avec le tambour (7) , est aussi avantageusement utilisé pour presser les fils et les diodes dans le matériau thermoplastique de la feuille intercalaire.According to this mode an intermediate sheet is wound on a drum (7) optionally the conductors (6) are previously arranged on the interlayer sheet. The wires (4) carrying the diodes (5) are reeled under tension from a coil (8). To facilitate the incorporation of the son and diodes they can optionally be heated beforehand. A calender roll (9) with the drum (7) is also advantageously used to press the wires and diodes into the thermoplastic material of the interlayer.
Dans la présentation l'ensemble des fils est appliqué en un seul passage. Il est aussi possible de procéder à la mise en place fil à fil.In the presentation, all the threads are applied in a single pass. It is also possible to carry out the installation wire to wire.
L'incorporation achevée les feuilles intercalaires (3) sont assemblées avec les feuilles rigides de manière traditionnelle, notamment par étuvage sous pression. Les températures au cours de cet assemblage finissent l'enrobage des diodes dans le matériau thermoplastique en même temps quelles assurent le collage des feuilles entre elles.After incorporation, the intermediate sheets (3) are assembled with the rigid sheets in the traditional way, in particular by steaming under pressure. The temperatures during this assembly finish the coating of the diodes in the thermoplastic material at the same time that ensure the bonding of the sheets together.
Un autre mode de mise en place des fils et diodes, non représenté, consiste en l'application de ces fils et diodes sur une feuille intercalaire selon la disposition recherchée, la fixation étant effectuée de façon ponctuelle le long de ces fils, par exemple par fusion locale de l'intercalaire. Les fils mis en position et maintenu par ces points de soudage à l'intercalaire peuvent ensuite être directement soumis à l'opération d'assemblage des feuilles, assemblage au cours duquel la pression et la température conduit à l'incorporation dans la feuille intercalaire.Another embodiment of the son and diodes, not shown, consists of the application of these son and diodes on an intermediate sheet according to the desired arrangement, the fixing being carried out punctually along these son, for example by local merger of tab. The wires placed in position and held by these interleaved welding points can then be directly subjected to the sheet assembly operation, in which assembly the pressure and the temperature lead to incorporation into the interlayer sheet.
L'assemblage feuilleté de la figure 4 pour un toit du type éclaté à la figure 1, conduit à utiliser des diodes dont le rayonnement est orienté vers l'intérieur du véhicule. Pour cela on utilise des diodes dont une face forme miroir de telle sorte que tout le rayonnement soit dirigé vers la feuille de verre (2) dans le cas représenté. A l'inverse s'agissant par exemple de feu stop ou clignotant disposés sur une lunette arrière ou le vitrage d'un hayon, le rayonnement serait orienté exclusivement vers l'extérieur. Les deux dispositions du miroir se trouvent dans les diodes disponibles dans le commerce. La figure 4 présente un vitrage assemblé comportant une feuille intercalaire (3) . Les épaisseurs des feuilles intercalaires disponibles de façon courante sont inférieures à lmm. Les feuilles de PVB par exemple sont commercialisées à 0,38 et 0,76mm. Les diodes utilisées sont avantageusement d'une épaisseur inférieure à 0,5mm. Pour faire en sorte qu'elles soient bien enveloppées dans le matériau intercalaire, l'épaisseur de celui-ci doit être évidemment au moins égale, et de préférence un peu supérieure.The laminated assembly of FIG. 4 for a roof of the exploded type in FIG. 1, leads to the use of diodes whose radiation is directed towards the interior of the vehicle. For this purpose, diodes having a mirror-like face are used so that all the radiation is directed towards the glass sheet (2) in the case shown. Conversely, for example with a stop or flashing light arranged on a rear window or the glazing of a tailgate, the radiation would be oriented exclusively outwards. The two mirror arrangements are in commercially available diodes. Figure 4 shows an assembled glazing comprising an interlayer sheet (3). The thicknesses of the interleaving sheets currently available are less than 1 mm. The PVB sheets for example are marketed at 0.38 and 0.76mm. The diodes used are advantageously of a thickness of less than 0.5 mm. To ensure that they are well wrapped in the interlayer material, the thickness thereof must be obviously at least equal, and preferably a little higher.
Quel que soit le mode d'assemblage des vitrages selon l'invention, tous ces modes comprenant nécessairement une mise sous pression des feuilles constituant l'assemblage, les diodes sont soumises à des contraintes qui ne doivent pas créer de risque de détérioration. Pour cela il est préférable de faire en sorte que l'épaisseur de la feuille ou des feuilles intercalaires utilisées, soit supérieure d'au moins 20% à celle des diodes. Cette marge d'épaisseur évite l'écrasement des diodes entre des feuilles rigides lors de l'assemblage. La nature de la technique d'assemblage conduit aussi à des pressions plus ou moins contraignantes. Selon les dimensions les formes et le type de vitrage, il est possible de procéder par calandrage, dans des enveloppes de compression sous vide...Whatever the method of assembly of the glazing according to the invention, all these modes necessarily comprising pressurizing the sheets constituting the assembly, the diodes are subject to constraints which should not create any risk of deterioration. For this it is preferable to ensure that the thickness of the sheet or interleaves used is at least 20% greater than that of the diodes. This margin of thickness avoids the crushing of the diodes between rigid sheets during assembly. The nature of the assembly technique also leads to more or less constraining pressures. Depending on the dimensions the shapes and the type of glazing, it it is possible to proceed by calendering, in compression envelopes under vacuum ...
Les pressions exercées lors d'un calandrage sont celles qui sont les plus susceptibles de développer des contraintes locales excessives pour l'intégrité des diodes. Dans ce cas il est pratiquement nécessaire de disposer de feuilles intercalaires présentant une épaisseur supérieure à celle des diodes. Dans les technique utilisant des enveloppes à dépression pour comprimer les feuilles assemblées, les efforts sont mieux répartis l'épaisseur des feuilles intercalaires peut être plus proche de celle des diodes.The pressures exerted during calendering are those which are most likely to develop excessive local stresses for the integrity of the diodes. In this case it is practically necessary to have interlayer sheets having a thickness greater than that of the diodes. In the techniques using vacuum envelopes to compress the assembled sheets, the efforts are better distributed the thickness of the interlayer sheets may be closer to that of the diodes.
L'assemblage peut être conduit avec une ou plusieurs feuilles de matériau thermoplastique. Dans l'hypothèse de deux feuilles intercalaires, (mode non représenté), il est préférable de disposer les fils et les diodes entre les deux feuilles en question. De cette façon l'enveloppement des diodes est particulièrement bien assuré.The assembly can be conducted with one or more sheets of thermoplastic material. In the case of two intermediate sheets, (mode not shown), it is preferable to arrange the son and diodes between the two sheets in question. In this way the enveloping of the diodes is particularly well ensured.
Si le plus souvent les vitrages selon l'invention sont composés de deux feuilles rigides (1 ,2) , il est également possible de procéder à un assemblage d'une feuille rigide avec une ou plusieurs feuilles d'un matériau souple. Il est connu de produire de cette façon ce qui est désigné communément sous le nom de vitrage "bilayer". Le matériau souple est par exemple un poly-uréthane, matériau qui tout en étant souple peut présenter une bonne résistance aux rayures ou un caractère "auto-cicatrisant".If most often glazing according to the invention are composed of two rigid sheets (1, 2), it is also possible to proceed to an assembly of a rigid sheet with one or more sheets of a flexible material. It is known to produce in this way what is commonly referred to as "bilayer" glazing. The flexible material is for example a poly-urethane material which while flexible may have good scratch resistance or a character "self-healing".
D'autres matériaux sont également susceptibles de conduire à un assemblage ne comportant qu'une feuille rigide (1). La figure 5 schématise en coupe un matériau de cette nature qui comporte par exemple en plus de la feuille rigide, une feuille d'un matériau traditionnellement utilisé pour constituer des feuilletés, notamment une feuille de PVB (3) , feuille qui est protégée des rayures du coté opposé à celui de la feuille rigide (1) par une feuille protectrice plus "dure" (12) . Cette dernière est avantageusement constituée d'un polymère et présente une épaisseur suffisamment petite pour se conformer au galbe de la feuille rigide qui impose la forme générale. Des feuilles (3) et (12) sont disponibles dans le commerce sous forme pré-assemblée. C'est le cas par exemple des produits commercialisés par la société Dupont sous le nom "Sentry". Il est possible bien évidemment de procéder à l'assemblage à partir de plusieurs feuilles séparées. Dans tous les cas l'incorporation des fils et diodes est conduit comme indiqué ci dessus. Other materials are also likely to lead to an assembly comprising only a rigid sheet (1). FIG. 5 schematizes in section a material of this nature which comprises, for example in addition to the rigid sheet, a sheet of a material traditionally used to constitute laminates, in particular a sheet of PVB (3), which sheet is protected from scratching on the opposite side to that of the rigid sheet (1) by a "harder" protective sheet (12). The latter is advantageously made of a polymer and has a thickness sufficiently small to conform to the curve of the rigid sheet which imposes the general form. Sheets (3) and (12) are commercially available in pre-assembled form. This is the case, for example, of products marketed by Dupont under the name "Sentry". It is obviously possible to assemble from several separate sheets. In all cases the incorporation of the son and diodes is conducted as indicated above.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Vitrage automobile comprenant au moins une feuille de verre minéral ou organique rigide et au moins une feuille d'un matériau thermoplastique collé à la feuille rigide, vitrage comportant un ensemble de diodes électroluminescentes incorporé dans la (les) feuille(s) thermoplastique(s), caractérisé en ce que l'alimentation des diodes est effectuée au moyen de fils métalliques dont le diamètre est inférieur à 300μ, fils qui sont également incorporés dans la (les) feuille(s) thermoplastique(s).1. Automotive glazing comprising at least one sheet of rigid inorganic or organic glass and at least one sheet of a thermoplastic material bonded to the rigid sheet, glazing comprising a set of light-emitting diodes incorporated in the thermoplastic sheet (s) ( s), characterized in that the supply of the diodes is carried out by means of metal wires whose diameter is less than 300μ, son which are also incorporated in the (the) sheet (s) thermoplastic (s).
2. Vitrage selon la revendication 1 dans lequel les diodes électroluminescentes sont assemblées en une ou plusieurs séries disposées le long d'un fil d'alimentation.2. Glazing according to claim 1 wherein the light-emitting diodes are assembled in one or more series arranged along a supply wire.
3. Vitrage selon la revendication 2 dans lequel le(s) fil(s) d'alimentation et les diodes qu'ils alimentent sont incorporés dans la (les) feuille(s) de matériau plastique par une opération de calandrage.3. Glazing according to claim 2 wherein the (s) feed wire (s) and diodes they feed are incorporated into the (the) sheet (s) of plastic material by a calendering operation.
4 Vitrage selon la revendication 3 dans lequel les fils et les diodes électroluminescentes qu'ils alimentent sont incorporées dans la (les) feuille(s) thermoplastique dans une opération précédant l'assemblage avec la ou les feuilles rigides de verre minéral ou organique.4 Glazing according to claim 3 wherein the son and light emitting diodes they supply are incorporated in the (the) thermoplastic sheet (s) in an operation prior to assembly with the rigid sheet or sheets of mineral or organic glass.
5. Vitrage selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel les fils d'alimentation s'étendent d'un bord à l'autre du vitrage et sont raccordés à des alimentations longeant les bords du vitrage.5. Glazing according to one of the preceding claims wherein the supply son extend from one edge to the other of the glazing and are connected to power supply along the edges of the glazing.
6. Vitrage selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel le long des fils d'alimentation les diodes sont par paires montées en parallèle.6. Glazing according to one of the preceding claims wherein along the power supply son diodes are in pairs connected in parallel.
7. Vitrage selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel la (les) feuille(s) thermoplastique(s) réuni(ssen)t deux feuilles de verre organique ou minéral. 7. Glazing according to one of the preceding claims wherein the (the) thermoplastic sheet (s) joined (ssen) t two sheets of organic glass or mineral.
8. Vitrage selon l'une revendications précédentes entrant dans la composition d'un pavillon automobile, les diodes électroluminescentes constituant un moyen d'éclairage intérieur du véhicule.8. Glazing according to one of the preceding claims in the composition of a motor vehicle, the light emitting diodes constituting a vehicle interior lighting means.
9. Vitrage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, constituant une lunette arrière ou le vitrage d'un hayon, les diodes électroluminescentes constituant un feu stop, un feu indicateur clignotant, un feu de position ou un feu témoin. 9. Glazing according to one of claims 1 to 7, constituting a rear window or the glazing of a tailgate, the light-emitting diodes constituting a stop light, a flashing indicator light, a position light or a control light.
PCT/EP2007/050657 2006-01-25 2007-01-23 Automotive glazing WO2007085599A1 (en)

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WO2013189794A1 (en) * 2012-06-19 2013-12-27 Agc Glass Europe Sunroof comprising lighting means
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US10202075B2 (en) 2012-06-19 2019-02-12 Agc Glass Europe Sunroof comprising lighting means
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US9956752B2 (en) 2012-10-04 2018-05-01 Guardian Glass, LLC Methods of making laminated LED array and/or products including the same
US20140098557A1 (en) * 2012-10-04 2014-04-10 Guardian Industries Corp. Laminated led array and/or products including the same
US20180319147A1 (en) * 2012-10-04 2018-11-08 Guardian Glass, LLC Methods of making laminated led array and/or products including the same
US9651231B2 (en) 2012-10-04 2017-05-16 Guardian Industries Corp. Laminated LED array and/or products including the same
US9696012B2 (en) 2012-10-04 2017-07-04 Guardian Industries Corp. Embedded LED assembly with optional beam steering optical element, and associated products, and/or methods
WO2014177334A1 (en) * 2013-04-29 2014-11-06 Webasto SE Roller blind assembly for a vehicle
WO2014202526A1 (en) * 2013-06-19 2014-12-24 Webasto SE Arrangement for closing an opening in a vehicle with a pane and a light-guiding sheet
CN105452035B (en) * 2013-06-19 2019-03-01 韦巴斯托股份公司 The device for enclosed vehicle split shed with pane and light guiding film
CN105452035A (en) * 2013-06-19 2016-03-30 韦巴斯托股份公司 Arrangement for closing an opening in a vehicle with a pane and a light-guiding sheet
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DE102015209005A1 (en) * 2015-05-15 2016-11-17 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Camera with integrated lighting device
DE102015209005B4 (en) * 2015-05-15 2018-06-21 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Camera with integrated lighting device
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CN109071336B (en) * 2016-04-27 2022-04-08 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 Method of assembling a laminated glazing comprising an overmoulded component
FR3052390A1 (en) * 2016-06-09 2017-12-15 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa LAMINATED GLAZING COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE DECORATIVE AND / OR LUMINOUS ELEMENT INCLUDED IN A LAMINATE INTERIOR
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US11077650B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2021-08-03 Saint-Gobain Glass France Method for producing a composite pane for a motor vehicle
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