WO2007076337A2 - Surfactants systems for surface cleaning - Google Patents
Surfactants systems for surface cleaning Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007076337A2 WO2007076337A2 PCT/US2006/062274 US2006062274W WO2007076337A2 WO 2007076337 A2 WO2007076337 A2 WO 2007076337A2 US 2006062274 W US2006062274 W US 2006062274W WO 2007076337 A2 WO2007076337 A2 WO 2007076337A2
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- surfactants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/046—Salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/046—Salts
- C11D3/048—Nitrates or nitrites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/10—Carbonates ; Bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2068—Ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
Definitions
- the present invention relates to aqueous surfactant systems that in diluted or undiluted form may be used for cieaning surfaces or may be used as an active cleaning base in various ready-to-use (or in-use) aqueous cieaning compositions suitable for surface cleaning.
- the invention also relates to methods of preparing aqueous surfactant systems of the invention as weli as methods of increasing cieaning efficacy of surfactant systems and cieaning compositions suitable for surface cieaning.
- Aqueous surfactant systems and surface cleaning compositions are commercially important products and have a wide field of utli ⁇ ty in assisting in remova! of dirt, grime, stains and soils from surfaces, including hard an ⁇ soft surfaces.
- Some aqueous surface cleaning compositions contain organic solvents.
- Organic sumbles are undesirable in cleaning compositions for environmental reasons, but aiso in cleaning composition comprising, for instance, microorganisms, such as bacterial spores, as an active ingredient.
- U.S. Patent No. 5.951,784 concerns a hazardous ingredient free composition for cfeaning automotive oils and grease stains from concrete.
- WO 2005/049783 discloses an aqueous, dsiutable hard surface cleaning composition comprising one or more anionic and/or nonionic surfactants, a thickener and an opacifying constituent.
- U.S. Patent No. 6J16 S 8O4 discloses a cieaner/degreaser composition comprising a) a water soluble ethoxylate, b) a water insoluble etnoxyiate, and c) a component seiected from the group consisting of amphoteric surfactants an ⁇ anionic surfactants (or couplers), or mixtures thereof.
- surfactant systems free of organic solvents having at least equal surface cieaning capabilities as that of surfactant systems that contain organic solvents.
- surfactant systems that do not need extreme pHs ⁇ he,, either high or Sow) that at the same time have the same or better cleaning performance.
- the present invention relates to aqueous surfactant systems that in diluted or undiiuted form may be used for cleaning surfaces or may be used as an active cleaning base in ready-to-use (or in ⁇ use) aqueous cleaning compositions suitabie for surface cleaning.
- the aqueous surfactant system of the invention is in non-diluted and/or diluted form free of any visible surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation at storage and/or in- use conditions.
- suitable conditions would be temperatures in the range from 5*C to 45°C and pHs in the range from 8 to 10, preferably around pH 9.
- the required stability conditions depend on the final in-use conditions of the surfactant system or cleaning product
- the actual surfactant content and composition in the surfactant system should be within a range close to the point where no surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visible. Sn other words, the surfactant content and composition should be close to the point where visible surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation disappears.
- the aqueous surfactant systems and/or cleaning compositions of the invention are also free of any visible surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation at in-use conditions as high as, e.g., between 60"C to 70"C determined at pH 7 or pH 9,
- the gist of the invention is to maximize the cieaning efficacy of surfactant systems or cleaning systems by 1) reducing or minimizing the size of the surfactants typicaily used in surfactant systems m ⁇ 2) reducing or minimizing the water solubility of the surfactant systems.
- the decrease in water solubility can according to one aspect of the invention be accomplished by following one or a combination of the following two approaches: a) introducing salt into the surfactant system, ty introducing a water-insol ⁇ bie surfactant into the surfactant system. Reducing or minimizing the size of the surfactant molecules decrease the time required for diffusion from the solution to the appropriate interface, thereby increasing cleaning performance.
- aqueous surfactant systems comprising one or more anionic surfactants and one or more nonionic surfactants.
- the surfactants and the ratio between the surfactants are chosen in order to provide an aqueous surfactant system free of any visible precipitate and/or phase separation under storage and/or in-use conditions and further in order to provide strong cleaning efficacy.
- the invention relates to aqueous surfactant systems comprising one or more anionic surfactants and one or more salts, wherein one or more salts are present m an amount from 0.5 to 10 wi. %.
- the invention relates to aqueous cleaning compositions comprising a surfactant system of the invention.
- the invention relates to methods of preparing aqueous surfactant systems comprising one or more anionic surfactants and one or more nonionic surfactants, comprising the steps of a) preparing an aqueous solution having a fixed concentration of surfactant, and b) adding salt until the salt concentration is in the range between 25% iess than the concentration point where no surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution, and 25% more than the concentration point where no surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution, or the salt concentration point where no surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution.
- the invention relates to the use of aqueous surfactant systems of the invention or aqueous cleaning compositions of the invention for cleaning hard or soft surfaces.
- fi ⁇ ai aspect ih® invention reiates to methods of increasing the cleaning efficacy of surfactant systems or cieaning compositions comprising one or more anionic surfactants and one or more nonionic surfactants, comprising the step of reducing the water solubility of the surfactant system or cieaning composition by a) introducing salt into the surfactant system or cleaning composition, and/or b) introducing a water insoluble surfactant into the surfactant system or cleaning composition.
- surfactant means a molecule that belongs to a class of molecules having a hydrophilic group (or groups) and a hydrophobic group (or groups) that exhibit surface activity when the relative amounts of hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts ate appropriate.
- a “water soluble surfactant” means a surfactant that has solubility in water of more than 7% (on a weight/weight basis) at room temperature.
- a “water insoluble surfactant” means a surfactant that has a solubility in water of iess than 7% (on a weight/weight basis) at room temperature, preferably less than 2%, especially completely insoluble.
- a "saiT means an inorganic salt selected from the group consisting of metal ion carbonates, such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or the like.
- Figure 1 shows that RQQ ⁇ Cleaner 1 can spontaneously displace oil and dirt from a hard surface
- the present invention relates to aqueous surfactant systems that in diluted or undiluted form may be used for cleaning surfaces or may be used as active cleaning base in ready-to-use (or i ⁇ -use) aqueous cleaning compositions suitable for surface cleaning.
- Aqueous surfactant systems known in the art suitable as an active cleaning base in aqueous cleaning compositions, suffer from a number of deficiencies. Even though some known surfactant systems might be stable under storage conditions, they may not be stable at ln ⁇ use conditions, e.g,, when the surfactant system is diluted in hot water, and/or may not provide good surface cleaning.
- the present invention provides aqueous surfactant systems that may be used as a ready-to ⁇ use ( ⁇ n-use) surface cleaner or may be suitable as cleaning base in aqueous cleaning compositions of the invention.
- Surfactant systems of the invention are stable and have good cleaning efficacy. No surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visible at storage condition from 5*C to 45 4 C Bi pH 6-10, such as pH 7 or pH 9.
- the surfactant systems are also stable at in-use conditions at about 60 0 C or more, such as 65 0 C at pHs in the range from 6-10, such as around pH 7 or pH 9.
- the aqueous surfactant systems or aqueous cleaning compositions of the invention are free of any solvents and have a cleaning efficiency which at least equals that of solvent containing surfactant systems and cleaning compositions suitable for surface cleaning.
- the primary process involved in cleaning of hard surfaces is the adsorption of surfactant (or surfactants) at the appropriate interfaces.
- surfactant or surfactants
- a film comprised of the different surfactants will be adsorbed.
- solubility of the surfactant and the addition of salt and/or water-in soluble nonionic surfactants which decrease the critical micelle concentration of a surfactant system, increase the adsorption of surfactant to an interface, and therefore should enhance cleaning.
- cleaning or detergency
- surfactant molecules that can diffuse to the interface more rapidly, provided that they have adequate adsorption to the interface will be the most effective cleaning agents. Consequently, surfactants with the most compact structure (smallest size) with the lowest possible critical micelle concentration (or solubility) provide the most effective cleaning.
- Furthe reducing or minimizing the solubility of the surfactant system in water increases the adsorption efficiency of the surfactant system at the appropriate interfaces, thereby increasing cleaning performance.
- reducing or minimizing the solubility of the surfactants increases the wetting power of the cleaning composition with respect to the surface that the surfactant system or in-use cleaning composition is applied to, and this increases the cleaning performance.
- the invention relates to aqueous surfactant systems comprising one or more anionic surfactants and one or more nonionic surfactants.
- the surfactant systems are free of visible precipitate from surfactants and/or phase separation at temperatures between 5 an ⁇ 45°C, preferably between 40 and 45"C determined at pH 7 or pH 9.
- the systems are aiso stable at in-use conditions at 60 ⁇ C. preferably 65°C, more preferably 67 0 C, even more preferably 68°C, even more preferably 69*0, especially at a temperature of 70 0 C determined at pH 7 or pH 9.
- the surfactant system comprises two or more nonionic surfactants and an anionic surfactant.
- one of the nonionic surfactants is a water insoluble surfactant
- the surfactant system comprises two or more water-soluble nonionic surfactants and one water-insoiubie nonionic surfactant.
- the surfactant system may aiso comprise one water-soluble anionic surfactant, one water-soluble no n ionic surfactant and one water-insoluble nonionic surfactant.
- the ratio between anionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant may in an embodiment be 10:1 to 1;10 s preferably 10:1 to 1:1, more preferabiy from 8;1 to 1:1 , even more preferably 6:1 to 1:1.
- the surfactant system contains a water soluble anionic surfactant and/or a water insoiuble anionic surfactant. Examples of suitable anionic surfactants are given in the s Surfactants"-section below. Water soluble anionic surfactants are preferred.
- the nonionic surfactant may be a water insoluble nonionic surfactant or a water soluble nonionie surfactant, or mixtures thereof.
- the ratio between anionic surfactant and water insolubie nonionic surfactant is in the range from 10:1 to 1:10, preferably from 10:1 to 1:1, more preferabiy from 8:1 to 1:1, more preferabiy from 4:1 to 1:1.
- the ratio between the water soluble nonionic surfactant and water insoiuble nonionic surfactant is in the range from 10:1 to 1:10, preferably from 1 :10 to 1:1, more preferably from 1 :6 to 1:1, in an embodiment ine ratio between anionic surfactant and total amount of nonionsc surfactant is 10:1 to 1:10, preferably 10:1 to 1:1, more preferabiy 6:1 to 1:1.
- the invention relates to an aqueous surfactant system comprising one or more anionic surfactants and one or more salts, wherein one or more salts are present in an amount from 0.5 to 10 wt %.
- the anionic surfactant is water soluble.
- the anionic surfactant may also be water insoluble. Examples of suitable anionic surfactants are given below in the "Surfacfants"-section.
- the surfactant system may also further comprise one or more nonionic surfactants.
- the nonionic surfactant may preferably be water soluble, but may aiso be water insoluble, in an embodiment the surfactant system comprises a combination of water soluble and water insoiuble nonionic surfactants.
- suitabie nonionic surfactant examples are given below in the "Surfactants"-section.
- water soluble anionic surfactants) and water soluble nonionic surfactant(s) are present in a ratio between 1:20 and 2:1, preferably 1:12 to 1:1, especially 1:10 to 1:5,
- the ratio between the anionic surfactant(s) and the nonionic surfactants) may In an embodiment of the invention be between 1;20 to 2:1 , preferably 1:12 to 1:1, especially 1:10 to 1:5.
- Exampies of suitabie salts are given in the "saits"-section below.
- the aqueous surfactant system of the invention includes one or more anionic surfactants and one or more nonionic surfactants.
- This section provides a number of examples of surfactants suitable according to the invention.
- the different kind of surfactants are chosen and comprised in certain ratios in order to reduce, preferably minimize the water solubility of the surfactant system and provide good cleaning efficacy.
- the surfactant system of the invention comprises one or more anionic surfactants.
- the anionic surfactants may be either water soluble or water insoluble. Water soluble anionic surfactants are preferred.
- Suitable water soiuble anionic surfactants include those selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, aSkyi amido ether sulfates, alkyl ary! poiyether sulfates, aikyl aryi sulfates, aikyi aryl sulfonates, monogiyceride sulfates, alkyl suifonates, aikyi amide sulfonates, alkyl aryi sulfonates, benzene sulfonates, toluene sulfonates, xylene sulfonates, cumene sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl diphenyloxtcie sulfonate, aipha-olefirt sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates,
- alkyl sulfate is a sodium, potassium, ammonium, ethanolamine, or magnesium salt, preferably with a carbon chain length from ⁇ units to 20 units, in a preferred specific embodiment the aikyi suSfate is sodium dodecy! sulfate ⁇ sodium lauryi sulfate),
- the sulfated ethoxylate of fatty alcohol is a sodium, potassium, ammonium, ethanoiamine, or magnesium salt, preferabiy with 1 to 6 oxyethylene groups and having a carbon chain length with from 6 to 20 units
- the sulfated ethoxylate of fatty alcohol is sodium laureth sulfate (sodium iauryl ether sulfate).
- the alkyi sulfonate is linear or branched and is a sodium, potassium, ammonium, or magnesium salt, with a carbon chain length from 8 to 20 units.
- the aikyi sulfonate is sodium octyi sulfonate.
- Sodium ociyi sulfonate is preferred according to the invention mainiy for two reasons.
- H is preferred according to trie invention to use a small-molecule hydr ⁇ trope typified by sodium xylene sulfonate, which is also used to provide a powdery, non-sticky residue when the liquid formulation evaporates.
- the reason sodium octyl sulfonate is preferred is that it provides surfacta ⁇ cy: significant surface and i ⁇ terfaciaS reduction, as well as having the ability to solubiiize materia! via micelle formation.
- aikyl benzene sulfonate is linear or branched and is a sodium, potassium, ammonium, or magnesium salt, with a carbon chain length (attached to benzene ring) from 6 units to 20 units,
- alkyi benzene sulfonate Is sodium dodecyS benzene sulfonate.
- the alpha-oiefin sulfonate is a sodium, potassium, ammonium, or magnesium salt, having a carbon chain length (attached to benzene ring) from 6 to 20 units.
- the sulfosuccinate is a sodium, potassium, or ammonium salt, with a carbon chain length from 4 to 16 units,
- the suifosuccinaie is disodium octyi sulfosuccinate.
- the alkyi dipnenyi ⁇ xide sulfonate is a sodiurn : potassium,, or ammonium sait, with a carbon chain length from 6 io 22 units.
- the alkyi naphthalene sulfonate is a sodium, potassium, or ammonium salt, with a carbon chain length from 0 to 10 units, in a specific preferred embodiment ihe aiky ⁇ naphthalene sulfonate is sodium butyl naphthalene sulfonate.
- the ethoxy ⁇ ated suifosuccinate is a sodium, potassium, or ammonium salt, with a carbon chain length from 6 to 20 units and having 1 to 6 oxyeihylene groups, in a preferred specific embodiment the ethoxyiated sulfosuccinate is 3 mole ethoxyiated sodium lauryl suifosuccinate.
- the phosphate ester is a sodium, potassium, or ammonium salt, with a carbon chain length from 6 to 22 units,
- the aikyl carboxylate is a sodium, potassium, or ammonium salt, with a carbon chain length from 6 to 22 units, in a preferred specific embodiment the alkyi carboxyJaie is sodium stearate.
- the N-acyl-N-aikyitaurate is a sodium, potassium, and ammonium, calcium, or magnesium salt, with a carbon chain length from 6 to 22 units.
- ihe N-alky! sarcoside is a sodium, potassium, or ammonium salts, with a carbon chain length from 6 to 22 units, in a preferred specific embodiment the N-alkyi sarcoside is sodium iauroyl sarcoside.
- the benzene-, toluene-, xylene-, or curoene sulfonate is a sodium salt
- the lignin sulfonate has a molecular weight of 1000 to 20 s 000.
- a surfactant system of the invention may comprise &i feast one or more nonionic surfactant, which may be either water insoluble or water soluble.
- Water insolubie nonionic surfactants are more likely to adsorb or penetrate water insoluble stains (like ink or motor oil) than water soluble nonionic surfactants.
- the presence of a polar part tends to make insoluble stains more soluble in aqueous solution, thereby making the stains easier to remove. Therefore in an embodiment the Insoluble surfactant include one or more polar parts.
- making the aqueous surfactant system as insoluble in water as possible is believed to increase the partitioning or adsorption of at least the most insoluble surfactant components into the water insoluble stain, thereby enhancing cleaning efficacy.
- Contemplated water insoluble surfactants include alky! and aryl: glycerol ethers, glycol ethers, ethanolamides, sulfoanyiamides, alcohols, amides, afcohoi ethoxyiates, glycerol esters, glycol esters, ethoxylates of glycerol ester and glycol esters, sugar-based alkyl polygiycosides, polyoxyethylenated fatty acids, aikanolamine condensates, alkanoiamides, tertiary acetylenic glycols, polyoxyethylenated mercaptans, carboxyl ⁇ c acid esters, and poiyoxyefhylenated polyoxypr ⁇ ylene glycols. Also included are EO/PO block
- the water insoluble nonionic surfactant is an ethoxyiate. It is preferred to h&v® a carbon chain length as small as possible in the hydrophobic region in order to obtain optimal cleaning, in a preferred embodiment the water insoluble nonl ⁇ n ⁇ c surfactant is an alcohol ethoxyiate.
- Alcohol ethoxyiates have the formula; where R is the hydrocarbon chain length and n is the average number of moles of ethylene oxide, in a preferred embodiment the alcohol ethoxyiate is a linear primary, or secondary or branched alcohol ethoxyiate where R has a chain length from C9 to C16 and n ranges from 0 to 5.
- the water insoluble nonionic surfactant is a linear primary, or secondary or branched alcohol ethoxylate having the formula: RO(CH 7 CH 2 O) n H, wherein R has a chain length of C9-11 and n is 2.7.
- Examples of commercially available water insoluble surfactants can be found in the following.
- One class is the alkyl poiyglycosides (or APGs) that are derived from natural resources and therefore friendly to the environment.
- Another class includes glycol ethers, particularly those with low vapor pressure (less than 0.1 mm Hg at 2O 0 C) so that they are considered as "Low Vapor Pressure VOC" by the California AIr Resources Board, and examples are given below.
- the hydrophobic region contains only 9-11 carbon atoms. Therefore, they will diffuse to the interface the fastest and offer the best cleaning efficacy.
- the surfactant content has to be present in extremely iow concentration, e.g., for environmental reasons, in such case, the "original * surfactant system that the Bio-Soft N91-2.5 would be added to would likely not be very small, because very small surfactants have tow critical micelle concentrations, and it is usually best if the surfactants can be present in a concentration above the critical micelie concentration.
- the "original" surfactant system would likely contain larger surfactants, with a higher number of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic region, to help ensure that the surfactant content is above the critical miceiie concentration. In this case, 12-13 carbons are needed and Bio-SoftTM 1 N23-3 would be preferred over Bio-Soft N91-2.5.
- Water soluble nonionic surfactants typically have a higher ethyiene oxide content in the hydrophilic region of the surfactant in comparison to water insoluble nonionic surfactants.
- the water soluble nonionic surfactant is a linear primary, or secondary or branched alcohol eth ⁇ xylate having the formula; RO(CH 2 CH 2 O) n H, wherein
- R is the hydrocarbon chain iength and ⁇ is the average number of moles of ethylene oxide.
- R is linear primary or branched secondary hydrocarbon chain length in the range from C9 to C1 ⁇ and n ranges from 6 to 13.
- n is 6.
- Examples of commercially available water soluble nonionic alcohol ethoxylate surfactants include NeodolTM 91-6, Tornado!TM 91-6, or Bio-SoftTM N23-6.5.
- Tornado!TM 91-6 is a preferred water soluble nonionic surfactant for cleaning composition used for concrete cleaning, The reason is that it is a small surfactant with good interfacial tension lowering ability.
- the reason above mentioned combination are suitable according to the invention is mainly ⁇ u& to attaining a pair where the surface or interfaciai tension is lowered.
- a pair of surfactants it is preferred that the lengths of the hydrocarbon chains are equal to attain maximum decrease in surface or interfaclai tension to enhance cleaning efficacy.
- the surfactant molecules it is preferred to use the surfactant molecules as smali as possible.
- the tota! amount of surfactant in the surfactant system or cleaning composition may differ dependent on the surfactant system or cleaning composition sn ⁇ the use thereof. For instance if the surfactant system or cleaning composition is for carpet spot remover the totai amount of surfactant is around 2 wt. % (see Example 1). However, if the surfactant system or in use cleaning composition is a concentrated concrete cleaner (See Example 3 ⁇ the tota! surfactant amount is significantly higher. Therefore, according to the invention the amount of total amount of surfactant may be as low as O. ⁇ wt, % or Sower and as high at 90 wt.
- the totai amount of surfactant may be between 0.5 and SO wt. %, or between 1 and 20 wt. % ⁇ or between 1 and 5 wt. %, or around 2 wt. % of the surfactant system or cleaning composition.
- the salt used in a surfactant system of the invention may be any salt, but is preferably a salt selected from ihe group consisting of alkali metal salts of nitrates, acetates, chlorides, bromides, iodides, sulfates, hydroxides, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, phosphates, sulfides, and sulfites; ammonium salts of nitrates, acetates, chlorides, bromides, iodides, sulfates, hydroxides, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates (also called bicarbonates), phosphates, sulfides, and sulfites; alkaline earth metal salts of nitrates, chlorides, bromides, iodides, sulfates, sulfides, and hydrogen carbonates; manganese, iron, copper, and zinc salts of nitrates, acetates, chlorides, bromides, iodides, an ⁇
- carbonates in particular sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate, in a specific embodiment the ratio between sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate is between 1 ,i 0 to 10; 1.
- the total amount of salt is preferably between 0.8 to 8 wt. %, preferably 1-5 wt % of the surfactant system or final in-use cleaning composition.
- a surfactant system or a cleaning composition of the invention may further include other components, which may depend on the surface to be cleaned.
- the surface is a hard surface such as concrete a corrosion inhibitor may be added.
- preservatives such as biocides. including NipacideTM, and chelating agents such as EDTA.
- the cleaning composition may further comprise bacteria spores or enzymes.
- the bacteria spores are from the genus Bacillus and the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of a amylase, eeilulase, lipase, and protease, or mixtures thereof.
- An aqueous cleaning composition of the invention may comprise an aqueous surfactant system of the invention.
- the surfactant system may be used as active cleaning base.
- the aqueous cleaning composition may be used "as is * or may be prepared by the end-user to a desired composition for cleaning of surfaces by the appropriate dilution and the addition of salts if necessary.
- Aqueous cleaning compositions of the invention are stable in undiluted form and un ⁇ &r "in-use" conditions. in ⁇ use conditions may vary, but typically the cleaning composition is added to hot water, which means at temperatures around 6O 0 C or more.
- the pH of a cleaning composition of the invention may also vary dependent on the use, but may typically be in the range from 7-11, preferably between 8 and 10, especially around pH 9.
- the aqueous cleaning composition may be used for cieaning surfaces including hard and soft surfaces.
- contemplated hard surfaces include concrete, metal, glass, ceramic, plastic, linoleum sx ⁇ similar surfaces. Hard surfaces are found in toilets, shower staiis, bathtubs, sinks, cou ⁇ tertops, wails, floors and also include road surfaces. Examples of contemplated soft surfaces include carpet, furniture, upholstery fabric, slippers, clothing and other fibrous materials.
- the concentrated cleaning composition may, for instance, be diluted by the end-user in the ratio from 1:1 to 1:2000 (cleaning composition: water), preferably in a ratio of 1:1 to 1-.25O (cleaning composition: water). Also, the end-user may, if necessary, add salt to the diiuted product to obtain the required cleaning efficacy as is illustrated in Example 3 (see Table 4).
- the cieaning composition of the invention is in a preferred embodiment solvent free, but may also contain one or more organic solvents, such as isopropyl alcohol.
- the aqueous cleaning composition of the invention may be suitable for removal of grease m ⁇ for oily stains from hard or soft surfaces.
- an aspect the invention relates to a method of preparing an aqueous surfactant system or cleaning composition comprising one or more anionic surfactants and one or more nonionic surfactants, comprising the steps of a) preparing an aqueous solution having a fixed concentration of surfactant, and b) adding salt until the salt concentration is in trie range between 25% iess than the concentration point where no surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution, and 25% more than the concentration point where no surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution.
- the anionic surfactant is water soluble anionic surfactant and/or water insoluble anionic surfactant
- the nonionic surfactant is water soluble or water insoluble.
- a preferred combination is a water soluble anionic surfactant and a water soluble nonionic surfactant.
- suitable surfactants and ratios can be found in the "Surfactants ⁇ -section and "Aqueous Surfactant Systercf-section above.
- suitable salts and salt ratios can be found in the "Salts"- section above.
- the point where surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visible may be determined at a temperature between 5 and 45°C at pH 7 or pH 9, such as between 40 and 45 0 C at pH 7 or pH 9.
- the salt concentration is in the range between 20%, preferably 10%, especially 5%, iess than the concentration point where no surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is v ⁇ sib ⁇ e in the aqueous solution, and 20%. preferabiy 10%. especially 5%, more than the concentration point where no surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visibie in the aqueous solution.
- the salt concentration is in the range between 25%, preferably 20%, more preferably 10%, especial ⁇ y 5% t less than the concentration point where no surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visibie in the aqueous soiution, and the concentration point where no surfactant precipitate sndfor phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution.
- the total amount of surfactant in the surfactant system or cleaning composition may differ dependent on the surfactant system or cleaning composition and the use thereof. For instance if the surfactant system or cleaning composition is for carpet spot remover the total amount of surfactant is around 2 wt. % (see Example 1).
- the amount of total amount of surfactant may be as low as 0.5 wt. % or lower and as high at 90 wt. %.
- the total amount of surfactant may be between
- the invention also relates to a method of preparing an aqueous surfactant system or cleaning composition comprising one or more anionic surfactants and one or more nonionic surfactants, comprising the steps of a) preparing an aqueous solution having a fixed concentration of water soluble anionic surfactant and/or water soluble nonionic surfactant, b) adding one or more water insoluble surfactants until the concentration of water insoluble surfactants is in the range between 25% less than the concentration point where no precipitate of water insoluble surfactant and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution, and 25% more than the concentration point where no precipitate of water insoluble surfactant and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution.
- the water insoluble surfactant is a nonionic surfactant and/or anionic surfactant, preferably a nonionic surfactant.
- suitable surfactants and surfactant ratios can be found in s Surfactants"-section "Aqueous Surfactant System”- section above.
- the point where surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visible may be determined at a temperature between S and 45 0 C at pH 7 or pH 9. such as between 40 and 45 0 C at pH 7 or pH 9.
- the point where surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visible may be determined at a temperature between 60 md ?0*C at pH 7 or pH 9, preferably 65 0 C, more preferably 67"C, more preferably 68°C, even more preferably 69 ⁇ C, especially 70°C at pH 7 or pH 9,
- concentration of water insoluble surfactant is in the range between 20%, preferably 10%, especially 5%, less than the concentration point where no surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution, and 20% ; preferably 10%, especially 5%, more than the concentration point where no surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution.
- concentration of water insoiubie surfactant is in the range between 25%. preferably 20%, more preferably 10%, especially 5%, less than the concentration point where no surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution and the concentration point where no surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution.
- the invention relates to the use of an aqueous surfactant system or cleaning composition of the invention for cleaning surfaces, preferably hard and/or soft surfaces.
- Hard surfaces include concrete, metal glass, ceramic, plastic, linoleum and similar surfaces. Hard surfaces are found in toilets, shower stalls, bathtubs, sinks, countertops, wails, floors and also include road surfaces.
- Soft surfaces include carpets, furniture, upholstery fabric, slippers, clothing and other fibrous materials.
- the surface may in one embodiment be oil or grease stained surfaces.
- the invention in a final aspect relates to a method of increasing the cleaning efficacy of a surfactant system or cleaning composition comprising one or more anionic surfactants and one or more nonionic surfactants, comprising the step of reducing the water solubility of the surfactant system by a) introducing salt into the surfactant system or cleaning composition, and/or b) introducing a water insoluble surfactant into the surfactant system or cleaning composition.
- the gist of the Invention is to maximize the cleaning efficacy of a surfactant system or cleaning system by reducing or minimizing the size of the surfactants typically used in surfactant systems and reducing or minimizing the water solubility of the surfactant system. Reducing or minimizing the size of the surfactant molecules decrease the lime required for diffusion from the solution to the appropriate interfaces, thereby increasing cleaning performance,
- the insolubility of the surfactant system or cleaning composition is defined by the visual appearance of a precipitate (at least a homogenous haziness or turbidity) or a iiquid- liquid phase separation.
- the salt and surfactants may be as mentioned in the “Salts” and “Surfactants " '- sections above.
- Water insoiuble ⁇ onionic surfactant TomadoiTM 91-2.5 from Tomah Products is an a ⁇ cohol ethoxylate with an average carbon length of C9-11 having an average efhoxylation of 2.7.
- Tornado!TM S1-6 from Tomah Products is an alcohol ethoxyiate with an average carbon length of C9-11 having an average ethoxylation of 6,
- Neodoi 91- ⁇ from Shell is the same chemical as Tornado! 91 ⁇ .
- TomadolTM 91- ⁇ is equivalent to NeodoiTM 91 -6. This is the same chemica ⁇ manufactured by Shell.
- SS (a formulation containing 37.8% sodium octyl sulfonate) from Stepan Products, is a water soiubie anionic surfactant.
- An appropriate substitute source of sodium octyl sulfonate would be Witco ⁇ ate NAS-8, from Witco, which is a formulation containing 36.0% sodium ociyl sulfonate.
- Dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid purchased as BlO-SOFT S- 101 from Stepan Products, when neutralized In aqueous solution with a base such as sodium hydroxide, is a water soluble anionic surfactant.
- ⁇ NipacideTM BIT 20 is manufactured by Ciariant Corporation.
- LipexTM 10OL Lipase derived from a strain Tbermomyces lanuginosus available from Novozyme ⁇ A/S.
- Sodium Octyi Sulfonate is introduced as BIO-TERGE® PAS-8S ⁇ Stepan Company), which is a soiuiion containing 37.8% active Sodium Octyl Sulfonate.
- BIO-TERGE® PAS-8S ⁇ Stepan Company a soiuiion containing 37.8% active Sodium Octyl Sulfonate.
- the quantity of Sodium Octy) Sulfonate is given as percent actives
- This formulation is a starting formulation to be used as active cleaning base in a carpet spot remover.
- Formulation A was clear and colorless with no visual precipitate or liquid phase separation.
- Formulation A was also stable at temperatures between 5"C to 45 0 C.
- Formulation B was clear and coiorSess with no visual precipitate or liquid phase separation. Formulation B was also stable at temperatures between 5"C to 45''C,
- Formulation B The capability of Formulation B to remove motor oil stains on carpet was investigated.
- Formulation B was found to be better at soiubilizing and removing used motor oil stains than Formulation A. However, the oil stain seemed to be "smeared” around as well as being removed.
- Tornado! 91-2.5 relative to Tomadol 91-6 is increased in Formulation C betow.
- Formulation C was clear and colorless with no visual precipitate or liquid phase separation.
- Formulation C was found to be capable of removing used motor oil stains from carpet without smearing the oil around.
- Formulation C was stable at a temperature between 5°C to 45°C.
- Formulation D was clear and colorless with no visual precipitate or liquid phase separation. Formulation D was also stable at temperatures between 6 0 C to 45 0 C,
- Formulation D1 was clear and colorless with no visual precipitate or liquid phase separation. However, it was sllgMiy hazy before the final addition of citric acid and caustic soda. Formulation D1 seems to have attained the minimum solubility of ihe surfactant system.
- Formulation D1 was stable at temperatures from 5*C to 45 ⁇ C, E. 20/80 Tomaciol 91 ⁇ 6/Tornaci ⁇ l 91-2.5. 1.60% Total Surfactant (Formulation E)
- Formulation E was hazy. It was not certain whether a precipitate, or phase separation, would eventually occur.
- Formulation F was hazy, a ⁇ though less hazy than Form ⁇ iatio ⁇ E. it was not certain whether a precipitate, or phase separation, wouid eventually occur.
- Formulation G was hazy, although less hazy than Formulation F. It was not certain whether a precipitate, or phase separation, would eventually occur.
- Formulation H was clear and colorless with no visual precipitate or liquid phase separation. However, it was very slightly hazy before the final addition of citric acid and caustic soda. Consequently, Formulation H seems to have attained the minimum solubility of the surfactant system. Furthermore, this formulation is also stable from S 0 C to 45°C.
- Formulations C, D1 and H show that the solubility is not related to the cioud point. These formulations had minimal solubility at room temperature m ⁇ are phase stable from at least 5*C to 45 15 C. In this example, the stability and cleaning efficacy seem to be related to the surfactant system s ⁇ iubilizi ⁇ g the water insoluble Tomadol 91 -2.5.
- a cleaning performance study (Technics! Bulletin CR! IM 110, The Carpet and Rug institute, Dalton, GA) was done by staining carpet, untreated with stain blockers, with mustard, ketchup, coffee, grape Juice, permanent ink, used motor oil, sou, and chocolate syrup.
- the stains were allowed to set for at least 24 hours, and then the stains were treated by application of various formulations and lightly rubbing and blotting.
- the treated carpet was allowed to dry for at least 12 hours before evaluation of stain removal Stain removal was evaluated visually.
- Formulation D1 and Formulation H performed about equal and slightly better than Formulation C, particularly on water-insoluble stains fike permanent ink and used motor oil. it may be because Formulation C had the lowest total surfactant content.
- the conclusion is that cleaning performance can be improved by reducing or minimizing the solubility of the surfactant system and that it is not necessary to include an organic solvent like isopropyl alcohol to attain good cleaning efficacy/performance.
- carpet Extraction Cleaner An aqueous cleaning composition for use in carpet extraction cleaning was prepared as described below.
- the cleaning compositions illustrate products that the consumer purchases and dilutes in water by adding 2 ounces (66,7 grams) to the filling tank and filling with hot water to make a total of one gallon (3.79 liters).
- the objective is to minimize the solubility of the surfactant system for in-use cleaning compositions at hot water temperatures in the range from 60-70 0 C. Typically, the highest in- use temperature would be about 150T (65.6°C).
- the non-diluted original surfactant system or original cleaning composition should be phase stabile from 5°C to 45X.
- the tables show the optimized in ⁇ use cleaning composition for a temperature of 69 13 C, which is slightly above ih& maximum temperature expected for use in extraction cleaning. For example, if the temperature for extraction cleaning is 60"C 1 then either KNKB3-33 or KNKE3-35 would be the appropriate cleaning composition to use.
- KNKE3-32 would be a suitable cleaning composition for carpet extraction cleaning when the maximum temperature of the hot water is 69 C C.
- KNKE 59 was prepared so that the concentration of surfactants was 3-times higher that the in-use concentration .
- the formulation is given below in Table S.
- This formulation had a pH of 8.92, and was found to be stable from freeate-thaw to at least
- the strategy was to minimize the solubility of the 1:2 dilutions so that the performance of the 1;2 dilutions was maximized.
- Oodecyi Benzene Sulfonic Acid is given as the actual quantity of BIO-SOFT® S-101 (Stepan Company) added, which is 96% active. It was neutralized, or converted to the sodium salt (anionic form), by the addition of sodium hydroxide.
- the total salt content (sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate), the ci ⁇ ud point, and the pH values, are given irs Table 5 below.
- the cloud point was defined as the temperature where the formulation became turbid. Below the cloud point, the formulation is clear.
- the cleaning performance Ax was calculated based on ⁇ S ⁇ on the Lab color scale (note that this is not a laboratory (lab) scale, but that L, a, and b are different parameters).
- a value for Ax of 1.0 would represent complete stain removal, whiie a value of 0.0 would represent no stain removal.
- ⁇ Estained is the vaiue of AE for the portion of the tile back that was not cleaned
- ⁇ Eciean is the value of ⁇ E that was cleaned using a concrete cleaner.
- the reference value for calculations of each ⁇ E was a tiie back that was not stained with oik representing a clean tiie back.
- Ax values are calculated for the various concrete cleaner samples, where x represents Dilution A, Dilution B, Dilution C, or KNKE 27.
- AIi values of Ax were normalized to KNKE 27, which s ' s assigned a value of 1.0. Therefore, a vaiue of Ax less than 1.0 means that the cleaning efficacy is less than KNKE 27, a vaiue of Ax greater than 1.0 means that the cleaning efficacy is greater than KNKE 27, and a value of Ax equal to 1.0 means that the cleaning efficacy is equal to KNKE 27.
- the standard deviations were also recalculated to correspond to the normalized Ax values. The cleaning performance study results are given in Table 6 below.
- the reference standard provides a constant in an experiment where the staining procedure does not provide a constant darkness or thickness of coating.
- the second was that it provides a standard with respect to performance.
- the reference standard, KNKE 27, is a non-diluted form of the concrete cleaner, and was found to give an acceptable cleaning performance.
- KNKE 27 The composition of KNKE 27 is given in Table 6 below.
- Dodecyi Benzene Sulfonic Acid is given as the actual quantity of 8iO-SOFT# S-101 ⁇ Stepa ⁇ Company) added, which is B6% active. It was neutralized, or converted to the sodium salt, by the addition of sodium hydroxide.
- KNKE 27 has a pH of 9.16, and a cioud point of 45"C - 46°C.
- EXAMPLE 4 Floor cieaners This example shows the improved cleaning performance of a fioor cleaner that contains two waier-soiubie nonionic surfactants m ⁇ one water- insoluble nonionic surfactant in comparison to an otherwise identical floor cleaner that contains just one water-soluble nortionic surfactant and one water-insoluble nonionic surfactant Toe finaS surfactant composition for both floor cleaners was determined by minimizing the water solubility in accordance to the methods outlined in this invention.
- a floor cieaner containing one water-so ⁇ uble anionic surfactant, two water-soiuble nonionic surfactants and one water-insoluble nonionic surfactant was prepared according to minimizing the water solubility as disclosed in this document The final composition is given in Table 8. Table 3.
- Tomadol 91-8 and Tomadol 91 -S are water-soiu ⁇ ie nonionic surfactants.
- Tornado! 91-2.5 is a water-insoluble nonionic surfactant.
- Steol CS-330 is a solution containing about 30% alkyi ether sulfate, ethoxylated to an average of 3 moles, a water-soluble anionic surfactant. The final pH was 9.02.
- Composition 1 This is a general floor cleaner with the specific composition of a product. For actual use, this product is to be diluted 2 — 4 oz. per gallon with water.
- Steoi CS-330 is a solution containing approximately 30 percent of an anionic surfactant, an alcohoi ether sulfate ethoxyiated to an average of 3 moles (Stepan).
- Tornado! 91-8 and Tomadol 91-8 are water-soluble nonionic surfactants (Tomah), and Tomadoi 91- 2.5 is a water-in soluble nonionic surfactant.
- Composition 2 This is a floor cleaner with enzymes, specifically a lipase, designed for kitchen floors for enhanced grease and fat removal This is the specific composition of a product, For actual use, this product is to be diluted 2 oz. per gailon with water, preferably hot water.
- Composition 3 This is a general composition giving a range of components with respect to Composition 1 above.
- Composition 4 This is a generic composition of Composition 3 above. Note that the anionic surfactant is now given in terms of active surfactant (Steoi CS-330 was approximately 30% active), and not in terms of a specific product iike Steol CS-330, The Water-Soluble Anionic Surfactant can be any fisted previously in inis document.
- Composition 5 This i ⁇ a general composition giving a range of components with respect to Composition 2 above.
- Composition 8 This is a general composition of Composition 5 above. Note that now trte lipase is given in terms of percent of active material by weight as opposed to a total enzyme solution (like Lipase 100L or ⁇ poiase 100L for exampie) percent weight. This does not limit the source of lipase to be a solution, for the lipase couid be incorporated as a dry powder. Different types of enzymes other than lipase may be incorporated . , e.g.. protease or alpha-amySase enzymes, may be included eitner separately or in combination with or without lipase enzymes.
- An aqueous surfactant system comprising one or more anionic surfactant and one or more nonionic surfactant.
- ⁇ tis ratio between anionic surfactant and nonionsc surfactant is in the range from 10:1 to 1:10, preferab ⁇ y 10:1 to 1:1, more preferably from 8:1 to 1:1, such as 6:1 to 1:1.
- the surfactant system of any of paragraphs 1*8, comprising one of the nonionic surfactants is a water insoluble surfactant.
- An aqueous surfactant system comprising one or more anionic surfactants and one or more sails, wherein one or more salts are present in an amount from 0.5 to 10 wt. %.
- anionic surfactant is a water soluble anionic surfactants and/or a water insoluble anionic surfactant.
- surfactant system of any of paragraphs 11-14, wherein the surfactant system comprises a water soluble n ⁇ nionic surfactant and/or water insoluble nonionic surfactant, prefera bly water soluble.
- the salt is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts of nitrates, acetates, chlorides, bromides, iodides, sulfates, hydroxides, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, phosphates, sulfides, and sulfites; ammonium salts of nitrates, acetates, chlorides, bromides, iodides, sulfates, hydroxides, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates (also called bicarbonates), phosphates, sulfides, and sulfites; alkaiine earth metal salts of nitrates, chlorides, bromides, iodides, sulfates, sulfides, and hydrogen carbonates: manganese, iron, copper, and zinc sails of nitrates., acetates, chlorides, bromides, iodides, and sulfates;
- the surfactant system of any of paragraphs 1-23, comprising a total of 0.01-50 wt. % surfactant, or 0.1-20 wt. % surfactant, or 1-5 wt. % surfactant , or around 2 wt. % surfactant.
- water soiubie anionic surfactant is one or more anionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, aikyi amido ether sulfates, aikyl aryi poiyether sulfates, alkyl aryl sulfates, aiky!
- aryl suifonaies monogiyceride sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, aikyl amide sulfonates, alkyl aryi sulfonates, benzene sulfonates, toiu ⁇ n ⁇ sulfonates, xylene sulfonates, cume ⁇ e sulfonates, alky!
- benzene sulfonates alkyi diphenyioxide sulfonate, aipha-oiefin sulfonates., alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, paraffin s ⁇ lfonates s lig ⁇ in sulfonates, alkyl suifosuccinates. ethoxylated suifosuccinates, alkyi ether suifosuccinates, alkylamide suifosuccinates, alkyl suifosuccinamaie, alkyl suifoacetates, alky] phosphates, phosphate ester, alkyl ether phosphates, acyl sarconsinates. acyl isethionates, N-acy! taurates. N-acyl- N-alkyi taurates, an ⁇ alky! carboxylates.
- alkyl sulfate is a sodium, potassium, ammonium, etnanoiamine. or magnesium salt.
- N ⁇ alkyi sarcoside is a sodium, potassium, or ammonium salt.
- water insoiubie nonionic surfactant is a linear primary, or secondary or branched alcohol ethoxyiate having the formula; RO(CH J GH 2 G) R H, wherein R has a chain length of C9-11 and n is 2.7.
- a method of preparing m aqueous surfactant system or cleaning composition comprising one or more anionic surfactants and one or more nonionic surfactants, comprising the steps of a) preparing an aqueous solution having a fixed concentration of surfactant, and b) adding salt until the salt concentration is in the range between i) 25% less than the concentration point where no surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution, an ⁇ it) 25% more than the concentration point where no surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution, or iii) the concentration point where no precipitate of water insoluble surfactant and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution.
- anionic surfactant is a water soluble anionic surfactants and/or a water insoluble anionic surfactant.
- any of paragraphs 78-84 wherein the salt is selected from the group consisting of alkaii metal salts of nitrates, acetates, chlorides, bromides, iodides, sulfates, hydroxides, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, phosphates, sulfides, and sulfites; ammonium salts of nitrates, acetates, chlorides, bromides., iodides, sulfates, hydroxides, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates (aiso called blcarbonates), phosphates, sulfides, and sulfites; alka ⁇ in ⁇ earth metal salts of nitrates, chlorides, bromides, iodides, sulfates, sulfides, and hydrogen carbonates: manganese, iron, copper, and 2tnc salts of nitrates, acetates, chlorides, bromides, iodides,
- nonio ⁇ ic surfactant is a water soluble nonionic surfactant, preferably an alcohol ethoxylate.
- ihe water soluble nonionic surfactant is iinear primary, or secondary or branched aicohol ethoxyiate having the formula: RO(CHaCHaO) 15 H, wherein R has a chain length of C9 to C16 and n r&ng&s from 6 to 13.
- nonionic surfactant is a water insoluble nonionic surfactant, preferably an alcohol ethoxylate.
- the water insoluble nonsonic surfactant is linear primary, or secondary or branched alcohol ethoxylate havs ' ng Vne formula; RO(CH J CH J O) ⁇ H 1 wherein R has a chain length of CS to 016 and n ranges from O to 5.
- ih ⁇ wafer solubie anionic surfactant is one or more anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfates, aikyl ether sulfates, alkyl amid ⁇ ether sulfates, alkyl aryl poiyeiher sulfates, aikyi aryl sulfates, aikyi aryl sulfonates, mo ⁇ oglyceride sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl amide sulfonates, aikyl aryl sulfonates., benzene sulfonates, toluene sulfonates, xylene sulfonates, cumene sulfonates, alkyl benzme sulfonates, aikyl diphenylox ⁇ cte sulfonate, alpha-
- An aqueous cleaning composition comprising a surfactant system of any of paragraphs 1-77 or prepared according to any of paragraphs 78-97.
- ih& cleaning composition is solvent free, preferably free of organic solvents, especially isopropyl aicohol.
- a method of preparing an aqueous surfactant system or cleaning composition comprising one or more anionic surfactants and one or more no ⁇ i ⁇ nic surfactants, comprising the steps of a) preparing an aqueous solution having a fixed concentration of one or more wafer soluble anionic surfactant and/or one or more water soluble nonionic surfactant, and b) adding one or more water insoluble surfactants until the concentration of water insoluble surfactant is in ⁇ t ⁇ e range between i) 25% less than the concentration point where no precipitate from the water insoluble surfactant and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution, and ii) 25% more than th& concentration point where no precipitate from the water insoluble surfactant and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution, or i ⁇ i) the concentration point where no precipitate of water insoluble surfactant and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution.
- the concentration of water insoiuble surfactant is in the range between a) 20%, preferably 10%, especially 5%, less than the concentration point where no surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution, and b) 20%, preferably 10%, especially 5%, more than the concentration point where no surfactants precipitate and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution, or c) the concentration point where no surfactant precipitate and/or phase separation is visible in the aqueous solution.
- RO(CHjCH 2 O) n H wherein R has a chain length of CS to C16 and n ranges from 0 to ⁇ .
- the water soluble anionic surfactant is one or more anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfates, aikyl ether sulfates alkyl amido ether sulfates, alkyl aryl poiyether sulfates, alky!
- aryl sulfates alkyl aryl sulfonates, monoglyceride sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, aikyl amide sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, benzene sulfonates, toluene sulfonates, xylene sulfonates, cumene sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyi dsphenyloxide sulfonate, alpha-olefi ⁇ sulfonates, aikyl naphthalene sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates, iignin sulfonates, alky!
- sulfosuccinates ethoxyiated sulfosuccinates.
- a method of increasing the cleaning efficacy of a surfactant system or cleaning composHeon comprising one or more anionic surfactants and one or more nonionlc surfactants comprising the step of reducing the water solubility of the surfactant system or cleaning system by a) introducing one or more salts into the surfactant system or cleaning composition, and/or b) introducing one or more water insoluble surfactants into the surfactant system or cleaning composition.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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EP06840310A EP1969104A4 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2006-12-19 | Surfactants systems for surface cleaning |
JP2008547717A JP2009520874A (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2006-12-19 | Surfactant system for surface cleaning |
US12/095,751 US20080293612A1 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2006-12-19 | Surfactant Systems for Surface Cleaning |
AU2006330669A AU2006330669A1 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2006-12-19 | Surfactants systems for surface cleaning |
CA002632934A CA2632934A1 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2006-12-19 | Surfactants systems for surface cleaning |
US13/543,334 US20120277140A1 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2012-07-06 | Surfactant Systems For Surface Cleaning |
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- 2006-12-19 WO PCT/US2006/062274 patent/WO2007076337A2/en active Application Filing
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WO2008021761A2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-02-21 | Novozymes Biologicals, Inc. | Bacteria cultures and compositions comprising bacteria cultures |
EP2189517A1 (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2010-05-26 | Nanocolltech Kft. | Synergistic liquid composition and use of the same for removing substances strongly bound to surfaces |
WO2012112718A1 (en) | 2011-02-15 | 2012-08-23 | Novozymes Biologicals, Inc. | Mitigation of odor in cleaning machines and cleaning processes |
EP3431581A2 (en) | 2011-02-15 | 2019-01-23 | Novozymes Biologicals, Inc. | Mitigation of odor in cleaning machines and cleaning processes |
US10947480B2 (en) | 2016-05-17 | 2021-03-16 | Conopeo, Inc. | Liquid laundry detergent compositions |
US11572529B2 (en) | 2016-05-17 | 2023-02-07 | Conopeo, Inc. | Liquid laundry detergent compositions |
WO2018132626A1 (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2018-07-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compositions comprising branched sulfonated surfactants |
WO2021243324A1 (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-12-02 | Novozymes A/S | Microbial cleaning compositions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2632934A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
CN101356259A (en) | 2009-01-28 |
JP2009520874A (en) | 2009-05-28 |
US20080293612A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
EP1969104A2 (en) | 2008-09-17 |
WO2007076337A3 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
AU2006330669A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
EP1969104A4 (en) | 2010-01-13 |
US20120277140A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 |
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