WO2007053498A1 - Compounds useful as antagonists of ccr2 - Google Patents

Compounds useful as antagonists of ccr2 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007053498A1
WO2007053498A1 PCT/US2006/042180 US2006042180W WO2007053498A1 WO 2007053498 A1 WO2007053498 A1 WO 2007053498A1 US 2006042180 W US2006042180 W US 2006042180W WO 2007053498 A1 WO2007053498 A1 WO 2007053498A1
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membered
nitrogen
sulfur
oxygen
optionally substituted
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PCT/US2006/042180
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French (fr)
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Shomir Ghosh
Prakash Raman
Kevin Sprott
Amy M. Elder
Sian Griffiths
Francois Soucy
Qing Ye
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Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
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Priority to US12/084,356 priority Critical patent/US8067457B2/en
Publication of WO2007053498A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007053498A1/en
Priority to US13/281,482 priority patent/US20120214807A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • Chemokines exert their biological activity by binding to specific cell-surface receptors belonging to the family of G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane-domain proteins (Horuk, Trends Pharni. Sci. 1994, 15, 159) which are termed "chemokine receptors". On binding their cognate ligands, chemokine receptors then transduce signals important for the development and trafficking of specific leukocyte subsets (Baggiolini, et. al, Nature 1994, 15, 365).
  • chemokines and their cognate receptors have been implicated as being important mediators of inflammatory, and allergic diseases, disorders, and conditions, as well as autoimmune pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis (see, Carter, Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2002, 6, 510; Trivedi et al, Ann. Reports Med. Chem. 2000, 35, 191; Saunders et al, Drug Disc. Today 1999, 4, 80; and Premack et al, Nature Medicine, 1996, 2, 1174). Accordingly, agents that block the interaction of chemokines with their cognate receptors would be useful in treating inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune diseases, disorders, or conditions caused by aberrant activation of leukocytes or lymphocytes.
  • antagonisum of the MCP-1/CCR2 interaction may be useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis; ameliorate chronic polyadjuvant-induced arthritis (Youssef et al, J. Clin. Invest. 2000, 106, 361); collagen-induced arthritis (Ogata et al, J. Pathol. 1997, 182, 106); streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis (Schimmer et al., J. Immunol. 1998, 160, 1466); MRL-lpr mouse model of arthritis (Gong et al., J. Exp. Med.
  • kidney disease (Lloyd et al, J. Exp. Med. 1991, 185, 1371; and Tesch et al, J. Clin. Invest. 1999, 103, 73); lupus erythematosus (Tesch et al, J. Exp. Med. 1999, 190, 1813); colitis (Andres et al, J. Immunol. 2000, 164, 6303); alveolitis (Jones, et al, J. Immunol.
  • agents that inhibit the interaction of MCP-I and CCR2 would be useful in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory, allergic and autoimmune diseases, disorders, or conditions.
  • the present invention provides compounds that are effective inhibitors of CCR2.
  • these compounds are useful for the treatment of various cell inflammatory, allergic and autoimmune diseases, disorders, or conditions.
  • the present invention relates to a compound of formula I:
  • alkynyl used alone or as part of a larger moiety, refers to an optionally substituted straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group having at least one triple bond and having 2-12, 2-10, 2-8, 2-6, 2-4, or 2-3 carbon atoms.
  • aryl and “ar-”, used alone or as part of a larger moiety e.g., “aralkyl”, “aralkoxy”, or “aryloxyalkyl” refer to an optionally substituted C ⁇ -u aromatic hydrocarbon moiety comprising one to three aromatic rings.
  • the aryl group is a C ⁇ -io aryl group.
  • Aryl groups include, without limitation, optionally substituted phenyl, naphthyl, or anthracenyl.
  • Each R + is hydrogen or an optionally substituted aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl group, or two independent occurrences of R + are taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted 5-7-membered aryl, heteroaryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl ring.
  • Each R° is an optionally substituted aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl group.
  • a ring nitrogen atom of a heteroaryl or non-aromatic heterocyclic ring also may be oxidized to form the corresponding N-hydroxy or N-oxide compound.
  • a nonlimiting example of such a heteroaryl having an oxidized ring nitrogen atom is N-oxidopyridyl.
  • structures depicted herein are also meant to include compounds that differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms.
  • compounds having the present structures except for the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium or tritium, or the replacement of a carbon by a 13 C- or 14 C-enriched carbon are within the scope of this invention.
  • Such compounds are useful, for example, as analytical tools or probes in biological assays.
  • enantiomers may be synthesized by asymmetric synthesis using optically active reagents, substrates, catalysts or solvents, or by converting one enantiomer into the other by asymmetric transformation.
  • the present invention encompasses a diastereomer free of other diastereomers, a pair of diastereomers free from other diasteromeric pairs, mixtures of diasteromers, mistures of diasteromeric pairs, mixtures of diasteromers in which one diastereomer is enriched relative to the other diastereomer(s) and mixtures of diasteromeric pairs in which one diastereomeric pair is enriched relative to the other diastereomeric pair(s).
  • r is 0 or 1. In other embodiments, r is 1 and the compound has the structure of formula I-B:
  • R 1 is an optionally substituted aryl group. In other embodiments, R 1 is an optionally substituted phenyl group. Ih still other embodiments, R 1 is an optionally substituted 5-8- membered monocyclic or 7-10-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S. In yet other embodiments, R 1 is an optionally substituted group selected from:
  • X is N(W-R 4 ), and the compound has the structure of formula I-E:
  • R 4 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of R 4a and each occurrence of R 4a is independently -R 4b , -Ti-R 46 , or -Vi-Ti-R 46 , wherein: each occurrence of-R 4b is independently halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -R 4d , -N(R ⁇ ) 2 , -OR 4c , -SR 4d , - S(O) 2 R 4d , -C(O)R 40 , -C(O)OR 40 , -C(O)N(R 4c ) 2 , -S(O) 2 N(R 4c ) 2 , -OC(O)N(R ⁇ ) 2 , -N(R ⁇ C(O)R 40 , - N(R')SO 2 R 4d , -N(R')C(O)OR 4c ,
  • R 1 is an optionally substituted group selected from:
  • the compound of formula I interacts with and reduces the activity of more than one chemokine receptor in the biological sample, preferably a cell.
  • some compounds of formula I show inhibition of more than one chemokine receptor, for example CCR5.
  • the compound of formula I is selective for the inhibition of CCR2, Le., the concentration of the compound that is required for inhibition of CCR2 is lower, preferably at least 2-fold, 5-fold, 10-fold, or 50-fold lower, than the concentration of the compound required for inhibition of another chemokine receptor (e.g., CCR5).
  • compounds of the invention are selective for the inhibition of CCR2.
  • the term "selective" means that a compound binds to or inhibits a chemokine receptor with greater affinity or potency, respectively, compared to at least one other chemokine receptor, or preferably compared to all other chemokine receptors of the same class (e.g., all of the CC-type receptors).
  • the compounds of the invention have binding or inhibition selectivity for CCR2 or CCR5 over any other chemokine receptor. Selectivity can be at least about 10-fold, at least about 20-fold, at least about 50- fold, at least about 100-fold, at least about 200-fold, at least about 500-fold, or at least about 1000-fold. Binding affinity and inhibitor potency can be measured according to routine methods in the art, such as according to the assays provided herein.
  • the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • a “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” means any non-toxic salt of a compound of this invention that, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, a compound of this invention or an active metabolite or residue thereof.
  • active metabolite or residue thereof means that a metabolite or residue thereof is useful for the treatment of inflammatory or allergic disorders.
  • a "pharmaceutically acceptable salt” means any non-toxic salt of a compound of this invention that, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, an inhibitorily active compound of the invention or an inhibitorily active metabolite or residue thereof.
  • inhibitorily active compound or inhibitorily active metabolite or residue thereof means that a compound or metabolite or residue thereof is also an inhibitor of CCR2.
  • Suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 60, cetyl esters wax, cetearyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, benzyl alcohol and water. ,
  • autoimmune diseases also have an inflammatory component. Examples include multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, myasthenia gravis, juvenile onset diabetes, glomerulonephritis and other nephritides, autoimmune thyroiditis, Behcet's disease and graft rejection
  • Diseases characterized by repurfusion have an inflammatory component that is believed to be mediated, at least in part by CCR2. Examples include stroke, cardiac ischemia, and the like.
  • the disclosed compounds and pharmaceutical compositions also can be used to treat these disorders.
  • N- ⁇ 2-oxo-2-[((3 R)-l- ⁇ l-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl ⁇ pyrrolidin-3- yl)amino]ethyl ⁇ -3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide was synthesized in similar fashion to ⁇ /-[2-( ⁇ (3 R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidm-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl ⁇ ainino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzarnide, substituting 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline for 6-methoxypyridin-3-amine.
  • the crude product was purified by preparative HPLC. MS m/z: 543 (M + 1).
  • N-[2-( ⁇ (3 R)-l-[l-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl ⁇ amino)-2- oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-( ⁇ (3 R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl ⁇ amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoroniethyl)benzamide, substituting 3-chloro-4-methylaniline for 6-methoxypyridin-3-amine.
  • the crude product was purified by preparative HPLC. MS m/z: 524 (M + 1).
  • tert- butyl ⁇ (3 R)-l-[l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl ⁇ carbamate (6.98 g, yield 67.5 %) precipitated as a white solid.
  • the resulting solid was dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2 (50 mL) to which was added 4N HCl/dioxane (50 mL).
  • N-[2-( ⁇ (3 R)-l-[l-(2-methylphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl ⁇ amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-( ⁇ (3 R)-l-[l-(6-methoxypyridin-3- yl)pi ⁇ eridin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl ⁇ amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, substituting l-(2- methylphenyl)piperidin-4-one for 6-methoxypyridin-3-amine.
  • the crude product was purified by preparative HPLC. MS m/z: 489 (M + 1).

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Abstract

The present invention provides compounds of general formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X, n, Y, and R1 are defined generally and in subsets herein. Compounds of the invention are inhibitors of CCR2 and accordingly are useful for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune diseases, disorders, or conditions.

Description

COMPOUNDS USEFUL AS ANTAGONISTS OF CCR2
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] Chemoattractant cytokines, Chemoattractant cytokines or chemokines are a family of proinflammatory mediators that are released by a wide variety of cells to promote recruitment and activation of cells such as T and B lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils (Luster et al New Eng. J. Med, 1998, 338, 436). The chemokines are related in primary structure and contain four conserved cysteines, which form disulfide bonds. The chemokine family includes the C-X-C chemokines (α-chemokines), and the C-C chemokines (β-chemokines), in which the first two conserved cysteines are separated by an intervening residue, or are adjacent, respectively (Baggiolini, M. and Dahinden, C. A., Immunology Today, 1994, 75, 127).
[0002] Chemokines exert their biological activity by binding to specific cell-surface receptors belonging to the family of G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane-domain proteins (Horuk, Trends Pharni. Sci. 1994, 15, 159) which are termed "chemokine receptors". On binding their cognate ligands, chemokine receptors then transduce signals important for the development and trafficking of specific leukocyte subsets (Baggiolini, et. al, Nature 1994, 15, 365). The chemokines and their cognate receptors have been implicated as being important mediators of inflammatory, and allergic diseases, disorders, and conditions, as well as autoimmune pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis (see, Carter, Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2002, 6, 510; Trivedi et al, Ann. Reports Med. Chem. 2000, 35, 191; Saunders et al, Drug Disc. Today 1999, 4, 80; and Premack et al, Nature Medicine, 1996, 2, 1174). Accordingly, agents that block the interaction of chemokines with their cognate receptors would be useful in treating inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune diseases, disorders, or conditions caused by aberrant activation of leukocytes or lymphocytes.
[0003] CCR2 is a chemokine receptor expressed on monocytes which recognizes the ligands MCP- 1, MCP-2, MCP-3, and MCP-4 (see, Berkhout, et al, J. Biol Chem. 1997, 272, 16404. It has been implicated that the interaction of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-I) and its receptor (CCR2) plays a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune diseases (for example rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, COPD, neuropathic pain, asthma, and atherosclerosis) by attracting leukocytes to sites of inflammation and subsequently activating these cells. When the chemokine MCP-I binds to CCR2, it induces a rapid increase in intracellular calcium concentration, increased expression of cellular adhesion molecules, cellular degranulation, and the promotion of leukocyte migration, (see Dawson, et al, Expert Opin. Ther. Targets, 2003, 7, 35; Gongh et al, J. Exp. Med. 1997, 181, 131; Izikson, et al, Clin. Immunol. 2002, 103, 125; Donnelly et al, Drugs, 2003, 63, 1973; Leonard, E. J. Challenges Mod. Med., 1994, 3, 25; and Ross, R. New Engl. J. Med. 1999, 147, 213). In particular, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-I) is believed to be primarily responsible for the selective recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation by binding to its receptor CCR2 on the surface of monocytes and macrophages (Rollins et al, Blood, 1997, 90, 909; Howard et al, Trends Biotechnol. 1996, 14, 46; Saunders et al, Drug Discovery Today, 1999, 4, 80; Murphy et al, Pharmacologic Rev., 2000, 52, 145; and Horuk, R. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev., 2001, 12, 313). The importance of the MCP-1/CCR2 interaction has been demonstrated by experiments with genetically modified mice (see, Bao, et al., J. Exp. Med. 1998, 187, 601; Boring et al, J. Clin. Invest. 1997, 100, 2552; Kuziel et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1997, 94, 12053; and Kurihara et al, J. Exp. Med. 1997, 186, 1757). Several studies have also been published indicating that therapeutic intervention at the CCR2 receptor via inhibition of the interaction between MCP-I and CCR2 may have beneficial effects in a variety of inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune diseases. For example, studies completed to date have indicated that the antagonisum of the MCP-1/CCR2 interaction may be useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis; ameliorate chronic polyadjuvant-induced arthritis (Youssef et al, J. Clin. Invest. 2000, 106, 361); collagen-induced arthritis (Ogata et al, J. Pathol. 1997, 182, 106); streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis (Schimmer et al., J. Immunol. 1998, 160, 1466); MRL-lpr mouse model of arthritis (Gong et al., J. Exp. Med. 1991, 186, 131); atherosclerosis (Rezaie-Majd et al, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 2QQ2, 22, 1194-1199; Gu et al, MoI. Cell 1998, 2, 275; Gosling et al, J. Clin. Invest. 1999, 103, 113; Boring et al, Nature 1998, 394, 894; and Ni et al. Circulation 2001, 103, 2096-2101); multiple sclerosis (Iarlori et al, J. Neuroimmunol 2002, 123, 170-179; Kennedy et al, J. Neuroimmunol. 1998, 92, 98; Fife et al, J. Exp. Med. 2000, 192, 899; and Izikson et al, J. Exp. Med. 2000, 192, 1075); organ transplant rejection (Reynaud-Gaubert et al, J. of Heart and Lung Transplant., 2002, 21, 721-730; Belperio et al, J. Clin. Invest. 2001, 108, 547-556; and Belperio et al, J. Clin. Invest. 2001, 108, 547-556); asthma (Gonzalo et al, J. Exp. Med. 1998, 188, 157; Lukacs, et al, J. Immunol. 1997, 158, 4398; and Lu et al, J. Exp. Med. 1998, 187, 601); kidney disease (Lloyd et al, J. Exp. Med. 1991, 185, 1371; and Tesch et al, J. Clin. Invest. 1999, 103, 73); lupus erythematosus (Tesch et al, J. Exp. Med. 1999, 190, 1813); colitis (Andres et al, J. Immunol. 2000, 164, 6303); alveolitis (Jones, et al, J. Immunol. 1992, 149, 2147); cancer (Conti, et al, Seminars in Cancer Biology 2004, 14, 149; Salcedo et al, Blood 2000, 96, 34-40); restinosis (Roque et al. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 2002, 22, 554-559); inflammatory bowel disease (Reinecker et al, Gastroenterology 1995, 108, 40; and Grimm et al, J. Leukoc. Biol. 1996, 59, 804); brain trauma (King et al, J. Neuroimmunol. 1994, 56, 127; and Berman et al, J. Immunol. 1996, 156, 3017); transplant arteriosclerosis (Russell et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1993, 90, 6086); idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (Antoniades et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1992, 89, 5371); psoriasis (Deleuran et al, J. Dermatol. ScL 1996, 13, 228; and Gillitzer et al, J. Invest. Dermatol. 1993, 101, 127); HIV and HIV-1-associated dementia (Garzino-Demo, WO 99/46991; Doranz et al, Cell 1996, 55, 1149; Connor et al, J. Exp. Med. 1997, 185, 621; and Smith et al, Science 1997, 277, 959); and neuropathic pain (Abbadie, et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. ScL USA 2003, 100, 7947). Similarly, demonstration of the importance of the MCP-l/CCR-2 interaction has been reported in the literature. For example, Lu et al, J. Exp. Med. 1998, 187, 601; Boring et al, J. Clin. Invest. 1997, 100, 2552; Kuziel et al, Proc. Natl Acad. ScL USA 1997, 94, 12053; and Kurihara et al, J. Exp. Med. 1997, 186, 1757.
[0004] Accordingly, agents that inhibit the interaction of MCP-I and CCR2 would be useful in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory, allergic and autoimmune diseases, disorders, or conditions.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0005] 1. General Description of Compounds of the Invention:
[0006] The present invention provides compounds that are effective inhibitors of CCR2.
Accordingly, these compounds are useful for the treatment of various cell inflammatory, allergic and autoimmune diseases, disorders, or conditions.
[0007] The present invention relates to a compound of formula I:
Figure imgf000004_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: n is 1 or 2;
Y is -Yi-Y2-, or -Y3-Y4- wherein:
Y1 is -SO2N(R')-, -C(O)N(R')-; -C(O)N(R' )C(O)-, -N(R')SO2-, or -N(R')SO2N(R')-, Y2 is absent or is an optionally substituted Ci_6 alkylene chain, wherein one or two methylene units Of Y2 are optionally and independently interrupted by -O-, -S-, -N(R')-, -C(O)-, -OC(O)-, - C(O)O-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(O)-, -N(R')C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(O)O-, - OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')S(O)2-, or -S(O)2N(R')-, or wherein Y2, or a portion thereof, is an optionally substituted ring selected from 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-6-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-membered aryl, or 5-6- membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; Y3 is -N(R')C(O)-, -NR'C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(O)O-; and
Y4 is an optionally substituted Ci_6 alkylene chain, wherein one or two methylene units of Y4 are optionally and independently interrupted by -O-, -S-, -N(R')-, -C(O)-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)O-, -S(O)-, - S(O)2-, -C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)-, -N(R')C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)O-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')S(O)2-, Or -S(O)2N(R')-, each R' is independently hydrogen or optionally substituted Ci_6aliphatic;
R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10- membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; ring A is substituted at one or more carbon atoms with m independent occurrences of R2; m is 0-6; each occurrence of R2 is independently halogen, =0, =S, -CN, -R2b, -N(R2a)2, -0R2a, -SR2b, -S(O)2R2", - C(O)R2a, -C(O)OR23, -C(O)N(R2a)2, -S(O)2N(R2a)2, -OC(O)N(R2a)2, -N(R')C(0)R2a, -N(R')SO2R2b, - N(R')C(0)0R2a, -N(R')C(O)N(R2a)2, or-N(R')SO2N(R2a)2, or two occurences of R2a or R2b are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6- membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or two occurrences of R2a, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R2a is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R2b is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Ci. 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; ring B is substituted with r independent occurrences of -R3; r is 0-6; each occurrence of R3 is independently -R3a, -Ti-R3d, or -Vi-T!-R3d, wherein: each occurrence of -R3a is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -R3c, -N(R3b)2) -OR3b, -SR3c, - S(O)2R3', -C(O)R3b, -C(O)0R3b, -C(O)N(R3b)2, -S(O)2N(R3b)2) -OC(0)N(R3b)2, -N(R')C(0)R3b, - N(R')SO2R3c, -N(R')C(O)OR3b, -N(R')C(O)N(R3b)2, or -N(R')SO2N(R3b)2, or two occurences of R3b or R3c are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7- membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or two occurrences of R3b, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R3b is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-4aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R3c is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R3d is independently an optionally substituted group selected from 3-10- membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence OfV1 is independently -C(R')=C(R')-, -C≡C-, -N(R')-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)-, -N(R')SO2-, -N(R')C(0)0-, -NR5C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')SO2N(R')-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)N(R' )-O-; each occurrence OfT1 is independently C1-6 alkylene chain optionally substituted with R3a, wherein the alkylene chain optionally is interrupted by -C(R')=C(R')-, -C≡C-, -N(R')-, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)-, -N(R')SO2-, -N(R')C(0)O-, -NR5C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')S02N(R')-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)N(R')-O- or wherein T1 or a portion thereof optionally forms part of an optionally substituted 3-7 membered cycloaliphatic or heterocyclyl ring; X is -O-, -S-, -SO2-, or -N(W-R4)-; W is absent or is a group selected from -Wi-L2-W2-, wherein Wi and W2 are each independently absent or are an optionally substituted Ci-3alkylene chain, and L2 is absent or is a group selected from -N(R)-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R)-, -S(O)2N(R)-, -OC(O)N(R)-, -N(R)C(O)-, -N(R)SO2-, -N(R)C(O)O-, -N(R)C(O)N(R)-, -N(R)SO2N(R)-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)N(R)-O-, wherein R is hydrogen or QX^alkyl, provided that if Wi is absent then L2 is selected from -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, - C(O)O-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)N(R)-, or -S(O)2N(R)-
R4 is an optionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic ring selected from 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
[0008] In some embodiments, a compound of the invention is other than one or more of: a) 4-Morpholinebutanamide, N-[3-cyano-l -(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-α- (cyclohexylmethyl)-γ-oxo-; b) 4-Morpholinebutanamide, N-[3-cyano-l-(tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-a- (cyclohexylmethyl)-γ-oxo-; c) 4-Morpholinecarboxamide, N-[(lS)-2-[[3-cyano-l-(l-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-3- pyrrolidinyl]arrjino]-l-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2-oxoethyl]-; d) 4-Morpholinebutanamide, N[3-cyano-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-α- (cyclohexyhnethyl)-γ-oxo; e) Benzeneacetamide, N-[(3S)-l-[l-(2-cyanophenyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-3,4-difluoro-, monohydrochloride; f) Benzeneacetamide, 3,4-difluoro-N-[(3R)-l-[l-(2-nitrophenyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-, hydrochloride; g) Benzeneacetamide, 3,4-difluoro-α-( 1 -methylethyl)-N-[(3R)- 1 -[ 1 -(2-nitrophenyl)-4- piperidinyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-, hydrochloride; h) Benzeneacetamide, N-[(3R)-l-[l-(2-cyanophenyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-3,4-difluoro- α-(l-methylethyl)-, (αS)-; i) Benzeneacetamide, N-[(3R)-l-[l-(2-cyanophenyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-3,4-difluoro- α-(l-methylethyl)-, (αR)-; j) Benzeneacetamide, N-[r-(2-cyanophenyl)[l,4'-bipiperidin}-3-yl]-3,4-difluoro-; k) [ 1 ,4'-Bipiperidine] -3-carboxamide, N-[2-(3 ,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl] -N-methyl- 1 '-propyl-; 1) [l,4'-Bipiperidine]-3-carboxarnide, N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-l - (phenylmethyl)-; m) [l,4'-Bipiperidine]-3-carboxamide,r-[[2,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-4-pyridinyl]carbonyl]-N- methyl-N-(l-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-, (3R)- ; n) Benzeneacetamide, N-[I '-(2-cyanophenyl)[l,4 -bipiperidin]-3-yl]-3,4-difluoro-, monohydrochloride; and o) Benzeneacetamide, N-[r-(2-cyanophenyl)[l,4-bipiperidin]-3-yl]-3,4-difluoro-.
[0009] 2. Compounds and Definitions:
[0010] Compounds of this invention include those described generally above, and are further illustrated by the classes, subclasses, and species disclosed herein. As used herein, the following definitions shall apply unless otherwise indicated.
[0011] As described herein, compounds of the invention may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as are illustrated generally above, or as exemplified by particular classes, subclasses, and species of the invention. It will be appreciated that the phrase "optionally substituted" is used interchangeably with the phrase "substituted or unsubstituted." In general, the term "substituted", whether preceded by the term "optionally" or not, means that a hydrogen radical of the designated moiety is replaced with the radical of a specified substituent, provided that the substitution results in a stable or chemically feasible compound. The term "substitutable", when used in reference to a designated atom, means that attached to the atom is a hydrogen radical, which can be replaced with the radical of a suitable substituent. Unless otherwise indicated, an "optionally substituted" group may have a substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at every position. Combinations of substituents envisioned by this invention are preferably those that result in the formation of stable or chemically feasible compounds. [0012] A stable compound or chemically feasible compound is one in which the chemical structure is not substantially altered when kept at a temperature from about -8O0C to about +40°, in the absence of moisture or other chemically reactive conditions, for at least a week, or a compound which maintains its integrity long enough to be useful for therapeutic or prophylactic administration to a patient. The phrase "one or more substituents", as used herein, refers to a number of substituents that equals from one to the maximum number of substituents possible based on the number of available bonding sites, provided that the above conditions of stability and chemical feasibility are met.
[0013] As used herein, the term "independently selected" means that the same or different values may be selected for multiple instances of a given variable in a single compound. By way of example, in a compound of formula (J), if Ring B is substituted with two substituents -Rb, each substituent is selected from the group of defined values for Rb, and the two values selected may be the same or different. [0014] The term "aliphatic" or "aliphatic group", as used herein, means an optionally substituted straight-chain or branched Ci-12 hydrocarbon, or a cyclic CM2 hydrocarbon which is completely saturated or which contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic (also referred to herein as "carbocycle", "cycloaliphatic", "cycloalkyl", or "cycloalkenyl"). For example, suitable aliphatic groups include optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl groups and hybrids thereof, such as (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (cycloalkenyl)alkyl, or (cycloalkyl)alkenyl. Unless otherwise specified, in various embodiments, aliphatic groups have 1-12, 1-10, 1-8, 1-6, 1-4, 1-3, or 1-2 carbon atoms. [0015] The term "alkyl", used alone or as part of a larger moiety, refers to an optionally substituted straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group having 1-12, 1-10, 1-8, 1-6, 1^-, 1-3, or 1-2 carbon atoms.
[0016] The term "alkenyl", used alone or as part of a larger moiety, refers, to an optionally substituted straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group having at least one double bond and having 2- 12, 2-10, 2-8, 2-6, 2-4, or 2-3 carbon atoms.
[0017] The term "alkynyl", used alone or as part of a larger moiety, refers to an optionally substituted straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group having at least one triple bond and having 2-12, 2-10, 2-8, 2-6, 2-4, or 2-3 carbon atoms.
[0018] The terms "cycloaliphatic", "carbocycle", "carbocyclyl", "carbocyclo", or "carbocyclic", used alone or as part of a larger moiety, refer to an optionally substituted saturated or partially unsaturated cyclic aliphatic ring system having from 3 to about 14 ring carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the cycloaliphatic group is an optionally substituted monocyclic hydrocarbon having 3-8 or 3-6 ring carbon atoms. Cycloaliphatic groups include, without limitation, optionally substituted cy.clopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctyl, cyclooctenyl, or cyclooctadienyl. The terms terms "cycloaliphatic", "carbocycle", "carbocyclyl", "carbocyclo", or "carbocyclic" also include optionally substituted bridged or fused bicyclic rings having 6-12, 6-10, or 6-8 ring carbon atoms, wherein any individual ring in the bicyclic system has 3-8 ring carbon atoms.
[0019] The term "cycloalkyl" refers to an optionally substituted saturated ring system of about 3 to about 10 ring carbon atoms. Exemplary monocyclic cycloalkyl rings include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl.
[0020] The term "cycloalkenyl" refers to an optionally substituted non-aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond and having about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms. Exemplary monocyclic cycloalkenyl rings include cyclopentyl, cyclohexenyl, and cycloheptenyl.
[0021] The terms "haloaliphatic", "haloalkyl", "haloalkenyl" and "haloalkoxy" refer to an aliphatic, alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxy group, as the case may be, which is substituted with one or more halogen atoms. As used herein, the term "halogen" or "halo" means F, Cl, Br, or I. The term "fluoroaliphatic" refers to a haloaliphatic wherein the halogen is fluoro, including perfluorinated aliphatic groups. Examples of fluoroaliphatic groups include, without limitation, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2- fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1,1,2-trifluoroethyl, 1,2,2-trifluoroethyl, and pentafluoroethyl. [0022] The term "heteroatom" refers to one or more of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, or silicon (including, any oxidized form of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or silicon; the quaternized form of any basic nitrogen or; a substitutable nitrogen of a heterocyclic ring, for example N (as in 3,4-dihydro- 2H-pyrrolyl), NH (as in pyrrolidinyl) or NR+ (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl)).
[0023] The terms "aryl" and "ar-", used alone or as part of a larger moiety, e.g., "aralkyl", "aralkoxy", or "aryloxyalkyl", refer to an optionally substituted Cβ-u aromatic hydrocarbon moiety comprising one to three aromatic rings. Preferably, the aryl group is a Cβ-io aryl group. Aryl groups include, without limitation, optionally substituted phenyl, naphthyl, or anthracenyl. The terms "aryl" and "ar-", as used herein, also include groups in which an aryl ring is fused to one or more cycloaliphatic rings to form an optionally substituted cyclic structure such as a tetrahydronaphthyl, indenyl, or indanyl ring. The term "aryl" may be used interchangeably with the terms "aryl group", "aryl ring", and "aromatic ring".
[0024] An "aralkyl" or "arylalkyl" group comprises an aryl group covalently attached to an alkyl group, either of which independently is optionally substituted. Preferably, the aralkyl group is Q-io
Figure imgf000010_0001
including, without limitation, benzyl, phenethyl, and naphthylmethyl. [0025] The terms "heteroaryl" and "heteroar-", used alone or as part of a larger moiety, e.g., "heteroaralkyl", or "heteroaralkoxy", refer to groups having 5 to 14 ring atoms, preferably 5, 6, 9, or 10 ring atoms; having 6, 10, or 14 π electrons shared in a cyclic array; and having, in addition to carbon atoms, from one to five heteroatoms. A heteroaryl group may be mono-, bi-, tri-, or polycyclic, preferably mono-, bi-, or tricyclic, more preferably mono- or bicyclic. The term "heteroatom" refers to nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and includes any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur, and any quaternized form of a basic nitrogen. For example, a nitrogen atom of a heteroaryl may be a basic nitrogen atom and may also be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide. When a heteroaryl is substituted by a hydroxy group, it also includes its corresponding tautomer. The terms "heteroaryl" and "heteroar-", as used herein, also include groups in which a heteroaromatic ring is fused to one or more aryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocycloaliphatic rings. Nonlimiting examples of heteroaryl groups include thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, indolizinyl, purinyl, naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzotliienyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and pyrido[2,3-b]-l,4-oxazin-3(4Η)-one. The term "heteroaryl" may be used interchangeably with the terms "heteroaryl ring", "heteroaryl group", or "heteroaromatic", any of which terms include rings that are optionally substituted. The term "heteroaralkyl" refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl portions independently are optionally substituted.
[0026] As used herein, the terms "heterocycle", "heterocyclyl", "heterocyclic radical", and "heterocyclic ring" are used interchangeably and refer to a stable 3- to 8-membered monocyclic or 7-10- membered bicyclic heterocyclic moiety that is either saturated or partially unsaturated, and having, in addition to carbon atoms, one or more, preferably one to four, heteroatoms, as defined above. When used in reference to a ring atom of a heterocycle, the term "nitrogen" includes a substituted nitrogen. As an example, in a saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 0-3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, the nitrogen may be N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolyl), NH (as in pyrrolidinyl), or NR+ (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl).
[0027] A heterocyclic ring can be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure and any of the ring atoms can be optionally substituted. Examples of such saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic radicals include, without limitation, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, piperidinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, diazepinyl, oxazepinyl, thiazepinyl, morpholinyl, and thiamorpholinyl. A heterocyclyl group may be mono-, bi-, tri-, or polycyclic, preferably mono-, bi-, or tricyclic, more preferably mono- or bicyclic. The term "heterocyclylalkyl" refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl and heterocyclyl portions independently are optionally substituted. Additionally, a heterocyclic ring also includes groups in which the heterocyclic ring is fused to one or more aryl rings.
[0028] As used herein, the term "partially unsaturated" refers to a ring moiety that includes at least one double or triple bond between ring atoms. The term "partially unsaturated" is intended to encompass rings having multiple sites of unsaturation, but is not intended to include aryl or heteroaryl moieties, as herein defined.
[0029] The term "alkylene" refers to a bivalent alkyl group. An "alkylene chain" is a polymethylene group, i.e., -(CH2),,-, wherein n is a positive integer, preferably from 1 to 6, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, from 1 to 2, or from 2 to 3. An optionally substituted alkylene chain is a polymethylene group in which one or more methylene hydrogen atoms is replaced with a substituent. Suitable substituents include those described below for a substituted aliphatic group. An alkylene chain also may be substituted at one or more positions with an aliphatic group or a substituted aliphatic group.
[0030] An alkylene chain also can be optionally interrupted by a functional group. An alkylene chain is "interrupted" by a functional group when an internal methylene unit is replaced with the functional group. Examples of suitable "interrupting functional groups" include -C(R+)=C(R+)-, -C≡C-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -S(O)2N(R+)-, -N(R+)-, -N(R+)CO-, -N(R+)C(O)N(R+)-, -N(R+)C(=NR+)-N(R+)-, -N(R+)-C(=NR+K -N(R+)CO2-, -N(R+)SO2-, -N(R+)SO2N(R+)-, -OC(O)-, -OC(O)O-, -OC(O)N(R+)-, -C(O)-, -CO2-, -C(O)N(R+)-, -C(O)-C(O)-, -C(=NR+)-N(R+)-, -C(NR+)=N-, -C(=NR+)-0-, -C(OR+)=N-, -C(R°)=N-O-, or -N(R+)-N(R+)-. Each R+, independently, is hydrogen or an optionally substituted aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl group, or two independent occurrences of R+ are taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted 5-7-membered aryl, heteroaryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl ring. Each R° is an optionally substituted aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl group.
[0031] Examples of C3.6 alkylene chains that have been "interrupted" with -O- include -CH2OCH2-, -CH2O(CH2)2-, -CH2O(CH2)S-, -CH2O(CH2)4-, -(CH2)2OCH2-, -(CH2)2O(CH2)2-, -(CH2)2O(CH2)3-, -(CH2)3O(CH2)-, -(CH2)3O(CH2)2- , and -(CH2)4O(CH2)-. Other examples of alkylene chains that are "interrupted" with functional groups include -CH2ZCH2-, -CH2Z(CHa)2-, -CH2Z(CH2)3-, -CH2Z(CH2)4-, -(CH2)2ZCH2-, -(CH2)2Z(CH2)2-, -(CH2)2Z(CH2)3-, -(CH2)3Z(CH2)-, -(CH2)3Z(CH2)2- , and -(CH2)4Z(CH2)-, wherein Z is one of the "interrupting" functional groups listed above. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that when an alkylene chain having an interruption is attached to a functional group, certain combinations are not sufficiently stable for pharmaceutical use. Only stable or chemically feasible compounds are within the scope of the present invention.
[0032] For purposes of clarity, all bivalent groups described herein, including, e.g., the alkylene chain linkers described above, are intended to be read from left to right, with a corresponding left-to-right reading of the formula or structure in which the variable appears.
[0033] An aryl (including aralkyl, aralkoxy, aryloxyalkyl and the like) or heteroaryl (including heteroaralkyl and heteroarylalkoxy and the like) group may contain one or more substituents and thus may be "optionally substituted". In addition to the substituents defined above and herein, suitable substituents on the unsaturated carbon atom of an aryl or heteroaryl group also include and are generally selected from -halo, -NO2, -CN, -R+, -C(R+)=C(R+)2, -C=C-R+, -OR+, -SR°, -S(O)R0, -SO2R0, -SO3R+, -SO2N(R+)2, -N(R+)2, -NR+C(O)R+, -NR+C(S)R+, -NR+C(0)N(R+)2, -NR+C(S)N(R+)2, -N(R+)C(=NR+)-N(R+)2, -N(R+)C(=NR+)-R°, -NR+CO2R+, -NR+SO2R0, -NR+SO2N(R+)2, -0-C(O)R+, -0-CO2R+, -OC(O)N(R+)2, -C(O)R+, -C(S)R0, -CO2R+, -C(O)-C(O)R+, -C(O)N(R+)2, -C(S)N(R+)2, -C(0)N(R+)-0R+, -C(0)N(R+)C(=NR+)-N(R+)2, -N(R+)C(=NR+)-N(R+)-C(0)R+, -C(=NR+)-N(R+)2, -C(=NR+)-OR+, -N(R+)-N(R+)2, -C(=NR+)-N(R+)-OR+, -C(R°)=N-OR+, -P(O)(R+)2, -P(O)(OR+)2, -0-P(O)-OR+, and -P(O)(NR+)-N(R+)2, wherein R° and R+ are as defined above.
[0034] An aliphatic or heteroaliphatic group, or a non-aromatic carbycyclic or heterocyclic ring may contain one or more substituents and thus may be "optionally substituted". Unless otherwise defined above and herein, suitable substituents on the saturated carbon of an aliphatic or heteroaliphatic group, or of a non-aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring are selected from those listed above for the unsaturated carbon of an aryl or heteroaryl group and additionally include the following: =O, =S, =C(R*)2, =N- N(R*)2, =N-0R*, =N-NHC(O)R*, =N-NHC02R° =N-NHSO2R° or =N-R* where each R* and R° is defined above.
[0035] In addition to the substituents defined above and herein, optional substituents on the nitrogen of a non-aromatic heterocyclic ring also include and are generally selected from -R+, -N(R+)2, -C(O)R+, -C(O)OR+, -C(O)C(O)R+, -C(O)CH2C(O)R+, -S(O)2R+, -S(O)2N(R+)2, -C(S)N(R+)2, -C(=NH)-N(R+)2, or -N(R+)S(O)2R+; wherein each R+ is defined above. A ring nitrogen atom of a heteroaryl or non-aromatic heterocyclic ring also may be oxidized to form the corresponding N-hydroxy or N-oxide compound. A nonlimiting example of such a heteroaryl having an oxidized ring nitrogen atom is N-oxidopyridyl. [0036] As detailed above, in some embodiments, two independent occurrences of R+ (or any other variable similarly defined in the specification and claims herein), are taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form a monocyclic or bicyclic ring selected from 3-13-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-12- membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1—5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
[0037] Exemplary rings that are formed when two independent occurrences of R+ (or any other variable similarly defined in the specification and claims herein), are taken together with their intervening atom(s) include, but are not limited to the following: a) two independent occurrences of R+ (or any other variable similarly defined in the specification or claims herein) that are bound to the same atom and are taken together with that atom to form a ring, for example, N(R+)2, where both occurrences of R+ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to form a piperidin-1-yl, piperazin-1-yl, or morpholin-4-yl group; and b) two independent occurrences of R+ (or any other variable similarly defined in the specification or claims herein) that are bound to different atoms and are taken together with both of those atoms to form a ring,
for example where a phenyl group is substituted with two occurrences of OR+
Figure imgf000013_0001
, these two occurrences of R+ are taken together with the oxygen atoms to which they are bound to form a fused 6- membered oxygen containing ring:
Figure imgf000014_0001
It will be appreciated that a variety of other rings
(e.g., spiro and bridged rings) can be formed when two independent occurrences of R+ (or any other variable similarly defined in the specification and claims herein) are taken together with their intervening atom(s) and that the examples detailed above are not intended to be limiting.
[0038] Unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include all isomeric (e.g., enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational)) forms of the structure; for example, the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center, (Z) and (E) double bond isomers, and (Z) and (E) conformational isomers. Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational) mixtures of the present compounds are within the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise stated, all tautomeric forms of the compounds of the invention are within the scope of the invention. Additionally, unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include compounds that differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms. For example, compounds having the present structures except for the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium or tritium, or the replacement of a carbon by a 13C- or 14C-enriched carbon are within the scope of this invention. Such compounds are useful, for example, as analytical tools or probes in biological assays.
[0039] It is to be understood that, when a disclosed compound has at least one chiral center, the present invention encompasses one enantiomer of inhibitor free from the corresponding optical isomer, racemic mixture of the inhibitor and mixtures enriched in one enantiomer relative to its corresponding optical isomer. When a mixture is enriched in one enantiomer relative to its optical isomers, the mixture contains, for example, an enantiomeric excess of at least 50%, 75%, 90%, 95% 99% or 99.5%. [0040] The enantiomers of the present invention may be resolved by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by formation of diastereoisomeric salts which may be separated, for example, by crystallization; formation of diastereoisomeric derivatives or complexes which may be separated, for example, by crystallization, gas-liquid or liquid chromatography; selective reaction of one enantiomer with an enantiomer-specific reagent, for example enzymatic esterification; or gas-liquid or liquid chromatography in a chiral environment, for example on a chiral support for example silica with a bound chiral ligand or in the presence of a chiral solvent. Where the desired enantiomer is converted into another chemical entity by one of the separation procedures described above, a further step is required to liberate the desired enantiomeric form. Alternatively, specific enantiomers may be synthesized by asymmetric synthesis using optically active reagents, substrates, catalysts or solvents, or by converting one enantiomer into the other by asymmetric transformation. [0041] When a disclosed compound has at least two chiral centers, the present invention encompasses a diastereomer free of other diastereomers, a pair of diastereomers free from other diasteromeric pairs, mixtures of diasteromers, mistures of diasteromeric pairs, mixtures of diasteromers in which one diastereomer is enriched relative to the other diastereomer(s) and mixtures of diasteromeric pairs in which one diastereomeric pair is enriched relative to the other diastereomeric pair(s). When a mixture is enriched in one diastereomer or diastereomeric pair(s) relative to the other diastereomers or diastereomeric pair(s), the mixture is enriched with the depicted or referenced diastereomer or diastereomeric pair(s) relative to other diastereomers or diastereomeric pair(s) for the compound, for example, by a molar excess of at least 50%, 75%, 90%, 95% 99% or 99.5%.
[0042] The diastereoisomeric pairs may be separated by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example chromatography or crystallization and the individual enantiomera within each pair may be separated as described above. Specific procedures for chromatographically separating diastereomeric pairs of precursors used in the preparation of compounds disclosed herein are provided the examples herein.
[0043] 3. Description of Exemplary Compounds:
[0044] In certain exemplary embodiments n is 1 and the compound has the structure of formula I-A:
Figure imgf000015_0001
I-A.
[0045] In certain embodiments r is 0 or 1. In other embodiments, r is 1 and the compound has the structure of formula I-B:
Figure imgf000015_0002
I-B
[0046] In yet other embodiments, r is 2 and the compound has the structure of I-B-i:
Figure imgf000015_0003
I-B-i wherein the two occurrences of R3, taken together, form an optionally substituted 3-6-membered spiro carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
[0047] In certain embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted aryl group. In other embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted phenyl group. Ih still other embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted 5-8- membered monocyclic or 7-10-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S. In yet other embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from:
Figure imgf000016_0001
In still other embodiments, R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from:
Figure imgf000016_0002
h
Figure imgf000016_0003
u
Figure imgf000017_0001
W
Figure imgf000017_0002
aa bb cc
Figure imgf000017_0003
[0048] In some embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of Rla, wherein each occurrence of Rla is independently halogen, =0, =S, -CN, -NO2, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -ORlb, -SRlc, -S(O)2Rlc, - C(O)Rlb, -C(O)ORlb, -C(O)N(Rlb)2, -S(O)2N(Rlb)2, -0C(0)N(Rlb)2, -N(R')C(O)Rlb, -N(R')SO2Rlc, - N(R')C(O)ORlb, -N(R')C(0)N(Rlb)2, or -N(R')SO2N(Rlb)2, or two occurences of Rlb or Rlc are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or two occurrences of Rlb, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein: each occurrence of Rlb is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each occurrence of Rlc is independently an optionally substituted group selected from C1- 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
[0049] In some embodiments, each occurrence of Rla is independently =0, halogen, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, - ORlb, or -SRlc. In other embodiments, each occurrence of Rla is independently
Figure imgf000018_0001
-0(Ci- 4fluoroalkyl), or -S(C1-4fluoroalkyl).
[0050] In still other embodiments, Y is -Y1-Y2-, and Y1 is -SO2N(R')-, -C(O)NR'-, or -N(R')S(O)2- . In yet other embodiments, Y is -Y3-Y4-, and Y3 is -N(R')C(O)-. In still other embodiments, Y is selected from:
Figure imgf000018_0002
i ii in iv
Figure imgf000018_0003
v vi vii viii
Figure imgf000018_0004
IX Xl XU
Figure imgf000018_0005
XUl XlV XV XVl
Figure imgf000018_0006
XVU XVUl XlX XX
Figure imgf000019_0001
xxi xxii xxiii xxiv
[0051] In other embodiments, for compounds of the invention X is O. In still other embodiments, X is -N(W-R4).
[0052] In still other embodiments, for compounds of the invention, X is O, m is 1, and R2 is an optionally substituted group selected from a monocyclic 3-8-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a bicyclic 7-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a monocyclic 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or a 7-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
[0053] In yet other embodiments, for compounds of the invention, X is -N(W-R4) and R4 is an optionally substituted group selected from a monocyclic 3-8-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a bicyclic 7-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a monocyclic 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or a 7-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
[0054] In yet other embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of R4a and each occurrence of R4a is independently -R4b, -Ti-R46, or -V1-T1-R46, wherein: each occurrence of -R4b is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -R4d, -N(R40J2, -OR4c, -SR4*, - S(O)2R4", -C(O)R4=, -C(O)OR4=, -C(O)N(R4c)2, -S(O)2N(R"=),, -OC(O)N(R4c)2, -N(R^C(O)R4=, - N(R')SO2R4d, -N(R^C(O)OR4=, -N(R')C(O)N(R4c)2, or -N(R')SO2N(R4c)2, or two occurences of R4b, R40, or R4d are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur or two occurrences of R4=, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R40 is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R4d is independently an optionally substituted group selected from C1- 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R46 is independently an optionally substituted group selected from 3-10- membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence OfV1 is independently -C(R')=C(R')-, -C≡C-, -N(R')-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)-, -N(R')S02-, -N(R')C(O)O-, -NR5C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')S02N(R')-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)N(R' )-O-; each occurrence Of T1 is independently Ci-6 alkylene chain optionally substituted with R3a, wherein the alkylene chain optionally is interrupted by -C(R')=C(R')-, -C≡C-, -N(R')-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(O)-, -N(R')SO2-, -N(R')C(0)0-, -NR5C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')SO2N(R')-, -OC(O)-, or -C(0)N(R')-0- or wherein T1 or a portion thereof optionally forms part of an optionally substituted 3-7 membered cycloaliphatic or heterocyclyl ring;
[0055] In still other embodiments, X is -N(W-R4), W is absent and R4 is optionally substituted phenyl, wherein the phenyl group is substituted with 1 or 2 occurrences of R4a, wherein each occurrence of R4a is independently halogen, -CN, -C(O)N(R4c)2, -0(R40), -S(R4d), -N(R^)2, -C(O)O-T1-R46, -R4", or wherein two occurrences of R4b, taken together with their intervening atoms, form a 5-6-membered spiro or fused carbocyclic or heterocyclyl ring.
[0056] In yet other embodiments, for compounds of the invention, R3 is -0R3b, -SR3c, -V1-T1-R3d, or TrR3d, wherein V1 is O or S, and T1 is -CH2- or -CH2-CH2-.
[0057] In some embodiments, R3b, R3c, and R3d are each independently an optionally substituted group selected from C1-4alkenyl, C1-4alkynyl, C1-4alkyl, 5-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. [0058] In other embodiments, R , R c, and R are each independently optionally substituted C 4alkenyl, C1-4alkynyl, C^alkyl, or an optionally substituted group selected from:
Figure imgf000021_0001
Figure imgf000021_0002
[0059] In stil other embodiments, R3b, R3c, and R3d are each independently an optionally substituted ring selected from bicyclic 8-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur or 8-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
[0060] hi yet other embodiments, R3b, R3c, and R3d are each independently optionally substituted with
1-3 occurrences of R3e, wherein R3e is Rf, halogen, -N(Rε)2, -ORS, -SRf, -S(O)2Rf, -CORf, -COORg, -
CON(Rg)2, -CON(Rg)2, -S(O)2N(R8)2, -CC(O)N(Rg)2, -NR'C(O)Rf, -NR'S(O)2Rf, wherein Rf is an optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic group and Rg is hydrogen or an optionally substituted Q-6 aliphatic group.
[0061] In still other embodiments, R3b, R3c, and R3d are each independently optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of R3e, wherein R3e is C1-4aliphatic, Ci_4haloaliphatic, or halogen.
[0062] In still other embodiments, r is 2 and two occurrences of R3, taken together, form an optionally substituted 3-6-membered spiro carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring. In some embodiments, the spiro ring is an optionally substituted ring selected from:
Figure imgf000021_0003
[0063] Certain additional subsets of interest include those compounds having the structure of formula I- C:
Figure imgf000021_0004
I-C
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0064] In some embodiments, for compounds of general formula I-C, X is O and the compound has the structure of formula I-D:
Figure imgf000022_0001
I-D or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: a) R1 is an optionally substituted 5-8-membered monocyclic or 7-10-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S, wherein R1 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of Rla, wherein each occurrence of Rla is independently halogen, =0, =S, -CN, -NO2, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -ORlb, -SRlc, -S(O)2Rlc, -C(0)Rlb, -C(O)ORlb, -C(0)N(Rlb)2, -S(O)2N(Rlb)2, -OC(O)N(Rlb)2, -N(R')C(O)Rlb, -N(R')SO2Rlc, -N(R')C(O)ORlb, -N(R')C(0)N(Rlb)2, or -N(R')SO2N(Rlb)2, or two occurences of Rlb or Rlc are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3- 6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur or two occurrences of Rlb, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein: each occurrence of Rlb is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci-6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each occurrence of Rlc is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; b) Y is -NH(CO)CH2-, -NHS(O)2CH2, -NHC(O)-, -NH(CO)CH2NH-, or -NHS(O)2-; c) m is 0 or 1, and when m is 1 R2 is an optionally substituted group selected from a monocyclic 3-7- membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a bicyclic 7-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a monocyclic 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or a 7-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and d) R3 is -OR3b, -SR3c, -VrTi-R3d, or T1-R311, wherein V1 is O or S, and T1 is -CH2- or -CH2-CH2-, wherein R3b, R3c, and R3d are each independently an optionally substituted group selected from Ci- 4alkenyl, C1-4alkynyl, C1-4alkyl, 5-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
[0065] In other embodiments, for compounds of general formula I-D: a) R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from:
Figure imgf000023_0001
g h
Figure imgf000023_0002
n
Figure imgf000023_0003
u
Figure imgf000024_0001
W
Figure imgf000024_0002
aa bb cc
Figure imgf000024_0003
and each occurrence of Rla is independently =0, halogen, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -ORlb, or -SRlc; and b) R3b, R3c, and R3d are each independently optionally substituted Ci-4alkenyl, C1-4alkynyl, Ci-4alkyl, or an optionally substituted group selected from:
Figure imgf000024_0004
Figure imgf000024_0005
wherein R3b, R3c, and R3dare each independently optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of R' 3e wherein R >3e is
Figure imgf000024_0006
or halogen.
[0066] In some embodiments, for compounds of general formula I-C, X is N(W-R4), and the compound has the structure of formula I-E:
Figure imgf000025_0001
I-E or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: a) R1 is an optionally substituted 5-8-membered monocyclic or 7-10-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S, wherein R1 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of Rla, wherein each occurrence of Rla is independently halogen, =0, -CN, -NO2, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -ORlb, -SRlc, -S(O)2Rlc, -C(O)Rlb, -C(O)ORlb, -C(O)N(Rlb)2, - S(O)2N(Rlb)2, -OC(O)N(Rlb)2, -N(R')C(0)Rlb, -N(R')SO2Rlc, -N(R')C(0)0Rlb, -N(R')C(O)N(Rlb)2, or- N(R')SO2N(Rlb)2, or two occurences of Rlb or Rlc are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3- 6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur or two occurrences of Rlb, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein: each occurrence of Rlb is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci-6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each occurrence of Rlc is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; b) Y is -NH(CO)CH2-, -NHS(O)2CH2, -NHC(O)-, -NH(CO)CH2NH-, or -NHS(O)2-; c) m is O; d) R3 is -0R3b, -SR3c, -Vi-T1-R3", or TrR3d, wherein V1 is O or S, and T1 is -CH2- or -CH2-CH2-, wherein R3b, R3c, and R3d are each independently an optionally substituted group selected from Ci- 4alkenyl, d.4alkynyl, d.4alkyl, 5-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; e) W is absent, and f) R4 is an optionally substituted group selected from a monocyclic 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1- 2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a bicyclic 7-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a monocyclic 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or a 7-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
[0067] In some embodiments, for compounds of general formula I-C, X is N(W-R4), and the compound has the structure of formula I-E:
Figure imgf000026_0001
I E or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: a) R1 is an optionally substituted 5-8-membered monocyclic or 7-10-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S, wherein R1 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of Rla, wherein each occurrence of Rla is independently halogen, =O, -CN, -NO2, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -ORlb, -SRlc, -S(O)2Rlc, -C(O)Rlb, -C(O)OR1", -C(0)N(Rlb)2, - S(O)2N(Rlb)2, -OC(O)N(Rlb)2, -N(R')C(O)Rlb, -N(R')SO2Rlc, -N(R')C(O)ORlb, -N(R')C(O)N(Rlb)2, or - N(R')SO2N(Rlb)2, or two occurences of Rlb or Rlc are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3- 6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur or two occurrences of Rlb, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein: each occurrence of Rlb is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each occurrence of Rlc is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; b) Y is -NH(CO)CH2-, -NHS(O)2CH2, -NHC(O)-, -NH(CO)CH2NH-, Or-NHS(O)2-; c) m is O; d) R3 is -0R3b, -SR3c, -VrTrR3d, or TrR3d, wherein V1 is O or S, and T1 is -CH2- or -CH2-CH2-, wherein R3b, R3c, and R3d are each independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- 4alkenyl, C1-4alkynyl, C^alkyl, 5-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; e) W is absent, and f) R4 is optionally substituted phenyl.
[0068] In other embodiments, for compounds of general formula I-E, R4 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of R4a and each occurrence of R4a is independently -R4b, -T1-R46, or -V1-T1-R46, wherein: each occurrence of -R4b is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -R4d, -N(R40K -OR4c, -SR4d, - S(O)2R4d, -C(O)R40, -C(O)OR40, -C(O)N(R4O2, -S(O)2N(R4c)2, -OC(O)N(R4c)2, -N(R^C(O)R40, - N(R')SO2R4d, -N(R^C(O)OR4=, -N(R')C(O)N(R4c)2, or -N(ROSO2N(R40),, or two occurences of -R4b, R40 or R4d are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or two occurrences of R40, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R40 is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-4aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R4d is independently an optionally substituted group selected from C1- 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R46 is independently an optionally substituted group selected from 3-10- membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of Vi is independently -C(R')=C(R')-, -OC-, -N(R')-, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(O)-, -N(R')SO2-, -N(R')C(O)O-, -NR7C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')SO2N(R')-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)N(R' )-0-; and each occurrence of T1 is independently Ci-6 alkylene chain optionally substituted with R3a, wherein the alkylene chain optionally is interrupted by -C(R')=C(R')-, -C≡C-, -N(R')-, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)-, -N(R')SO2-, -N(R')C(0)0-, -NR5C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')SO2N(R')-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)N(R')-O- or wherein T1 or a portion thereof optionally forms part of an optionally substituted 3-7 membered cycloaliphatic or heterocyclyl ring.
In other embodiments, for compounds of general formula I-E: a) R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from:
Figure imgf000028_0001
n
Figure imgf000029_0001
and each occurrence of Rla is independently =0, halogen, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -ORlb, or -SRlc; and b) R3b, R3c, and R3d are each independently optionally substituted C1-4alkenyl, C1-4alkynyl, C1-4alkyl, or an optionally substituted group selected from:
Figure imgf000029_0002
wherein R3b, R3c, and R3dare each independently optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of R3e, wherein R3e is
Figure imgf000030_0001
Ci_4haloaliphatic, or halogen.
[0069] Still other subsets of interest include those compounds having the structure of formula I-F:
Figure imgf000030_0002
I-F or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the two occurrences of R3, taken together, form an optionally substituted 3-6-membered spiro carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
[0070] In some embodiments, for compounds of general formula I-F, X is O and the compound has the structure of formula I-G:
Figure imgf000030_0003
I-G or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: a) R1 is an optionally substituted 5-8-membered monocyclic or 7-10-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S, wherein R1 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of Rla, wherein each occurrence of Rla is independently halogen, =0, =S, -CN, -NO2, -Rlc, -N(R1^)2, -ORlb, -SRlc, -S(O)2Rlc, -C(O)Rlb, -C(0)0Rlb, -C(O)N(Rlb)2, -S(O)2N(Rlb)2, -OC(O)N(Rlb)2, -N(R')C(0)Rlb, -N(R')SO2Rlc, -N(R')C(O)ORlb, -N(R')C(O)N(Rlb)2, or -N(R')SO2N(Rlb)2, or two occurences of Rlb or Rlc are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3- 6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur or two occurrences of Rlb, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein: each occurrence of Rlb is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci-ealiphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each occurrence of Rlc is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; b) Y is -NH(CO)CH2-, -NHS(O)2CH2, -NHC(O)-, -NH(CO)CH2NH-, Or-NHS(O)2-; c) m is O or 1, and when m is 1 R2 is an optionally substituted group selected from a monocyclic 3-7- membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a bicyclic 7-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a monocyclic 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or a 7-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and d) wherein the two occurrences of R3, taken together, form an optionally substituted 3-6-membered spiro carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
[0071] In other embodiments, for compounds of general formula I-G: a) R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from:
Figure imgf000031_0001
Ii
Figure imgf000031_0002
q
Figure imgf000032_0001
U
Figure imgf000032_0002
W
Figure imgf000032_0003
aa bb cc
Figure imgf000032_0004
and each occurrence of Rla is independently =0, halogen, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -ORlb, or -SRlc; and b) the spiro ring formed from the two occurrences of R3 is an optionally substituted ring selected from:
Figure imgf000032_0005
[0072] hi some embodiments, for compounds of general formula I-F, X is N(W-R4), and the compound has the structure of formula I-H:
Figure imgf000032_0006
I-H or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: a) R1 is an optionally substituted 5-8-membered monocyclic or 7-10-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S, wherein R1 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of RIa, wherein each occurrence of Rla is independently halogen, =0, -CN, -NO2, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -ORlb, -SRlc, -S(O)2Rlc, -C(O)R1", -C(O)OR1", -C(0)N(Rlb)2, - S(O)2N(Rlb)2, -0C(0)N(Rlb)2, -N(R')C(O)Rlb, -N(R')SO2Rlc, -N(R')C(0)0Rlb, -N(R')C(O)N(Rlb)2, or- N(R')SO2N(Rlb)2, or two occurences of Rlb or Rlc are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3- 6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur or two occurrences of R1", taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein: each occurrence of R1" is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each occurrence of Rlc is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- (jaliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; b) Y is -NH(CO)CH2-, -NHS(O)2CH2, -NHC(O)-, -NH(CO)CH2NH-, Or-NHS(O)2-; c) m is O; d) wherein the two occurrences of R3, taken together, form an optionally substituted 3-6-membered spiro carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; e) W is absent, and f) R4 is an optionally substituted group selected from a monocyclic 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1- 2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a bicyclic 7-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a monocyclic 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or a 7-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. [0073] In some embodiments, for compounds of general formula I-F, X is N(W-R4), and the compound has the structure of formula I-H:
Figure imgf000034_0001
I-H
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: a) R1 is an optionally substituted 5-8-membered monocyclic or 7-10-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S, wherein R1 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of Rla, wherein each occurrence of Rla is independently halogen, =0, -CN, -NO2, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -ORlb, -SRlc, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)Rlb, -C(O)OR1", -C(0)N(Rlb)2, - S(O)2N(Rlb)2, -OC(O)N(Rlb)2, -N(R')C(0)Rlb, -N(R')SO2Rlc, -N(R')C(O)ORlb, -N(R')C(0)N(Rlb)2, or - N(R')SO2N(Rlb)2, or two occurences of Rlb or Rlc are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3- 6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur or two occurrences of Rlb, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein: each occurrence of Rlb is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each occurrence of Rlc is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Cj. 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; b) Y is -NH(CO)CH2-, -NHS(O)2CH2, -NHC(O)-, -NH(CO)CH2NH-, or -NHS(O)2-; c) m is O; d) the spiro ring formed from the two occurrences of R3 is an optionally substituted ring selected from:
Figure imgf000035_0001
e) W is absent, and f) R4 is optionally substituted phenyl.
[0074] In other embodiments, for compounds of general formula I-H, R4 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of R4a and each occurrence of R4a is independently -R4b, -Ti-R46, or -Vi-Ti-R46, wherein: each occurrence of-R4b is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -R4d, -N(R^)2, -OR4c, -SR4d, - S(O)2R4d, -C(O)R40, -C(O)OR40, -C(O)N(R4c)2, -S(O)2N(R4c)2, -OC(O)N(R^)2, -N(R^C(O)R40, - N(R')SO2R4d, -N(R')C(O)OR4c, -N(R')C(O)N(R4c)2, or -N(R')SO2N(R4c)2, or two occurences of R4b,
R or R >4d are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3— 7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or two occurrences of R40, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R40 is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered-aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R4d is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R46 is independently an optionally substituted group selected from 3-10- membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence OfV1 is independently -C(R')=C(R')-, -OC-, -N(R')-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(O)-, -N(R')SO2-, -N(R')C(O)O-, -NR5C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')SO2N(R')-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)N(R' )-O-; and each occurrence of Ti is independently Ci-6 alkylene chain optionally substituted with R3a, wherein the alkylene chain optionally is interrupted by -C(R')=C(R')-, -G≡C-, -N(R')-, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(O)-, -N(R')SO2-, -N(R')C(0)0-, -NR1C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')SO2N(R')-, -OC(O)-, or -C(0)N(R')-0- or wherein T1 or a portion thereof optionally forms part of an optionally substituted 3-7 membered cycloaliphatic or heterocyclyl ring.
[0075] In other embodiments, for compounds of general formula I-H: a) R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from:
Figure imgf000036_0001
h
Figure imgf000036_0002
n
Figure imgf000036_0003
u
Figure imgf000036_0004
w jiyv
Figure imgf000037_0001
Figure imgf000037_0002
Figure imgf000037_0003
aa bb cc
Figure imgf000037_0004
and each occurrence of Rla is independently =0, halogen, -Rlc, -N(R11O2, -ORlb, or -SRlc; and b) the spiro ring formed from the two occurrences of R3 is an optionally substituted ring selected from:
Figure imgf000037_0005
[0076] 4. Uses, Formulation, and Administration:
[0077] As discussed above, the present invention provides compounds that are inhibitors of chemokine receptor activity. In some embodiments, the present invention provides compounds that are inhibitors of CCR2 activity. The compounds can be assayed in vitro or in vivo for their ability to bind to and/or inhibit chemokine receptor activity, preferably CCR2. Assays are described in the Examples and/or are known in the art.
[0078] In another aspect, therefore, the invention provides a method for inhibiting CCR2 activity in biological sample or a subject, which method comprises administering to the subject, or contacting said biological sample with a compound of formula I or a composition comprising said compound. The term "biological sample", as used herein, includes, without limitation, cell cultures or extracts thereof; biopsied material obtained from a mammal or extracts thereof; and blood, saliva, urine, feces, semen, tears, or other body fluids or extracts thereof. Inhibition of CCR2 activity in a biological sample is useful for a variety of purposes that are known to one of skill in the art. Examples of such purposes include, but are not limited to, blood transfusion, organ-transplantation, biological specimen storage, and biological assays.
[0079] In some embodiments, the compound of formula I interacts with and reduces the activity of more than one chemokine receptor in the biological sample, preferably a cell. By way of example, when assayed against CCR2, some compounds of formula I show inhibition of more than one chemokine receptor, for example CCR5. In some embodiments, the compound of formula I is selective for the inhibition of CCR2, Le., the concentration of the compound that is required for inhibition of CCR2 is lower, preferably at least 2-fold, 5-fold, 10-fold, or 50-fold lower, than the concentration of the compound required for inhibition of another chemokine receptor (e.g., CCR5). In some embodiments of the invention, compounds of the invention are selective for the inhibition of CCR2. As used herein, the term "selective" means that a compound binds to or inhibits a chemokine receptor with greater affinity or potency, respectively, compared to at least one other chemokine receptor, or preferably compared to all other chemokine receptors of the same class (e.g., all of the CC-type receptors). In some embodiments, the compounds of the invention have binding or inhibition selectivity for CCR2 or CCR5 over any other chemokine receptor. Selectivity can be at least about 10-fold, at least about 20-fold, at least about 50- fold, at least about 100-fold, at least about 200-fold, at least about 500-fold, or at least about 1000-fold. Binding affinity and inhibitor potency can be measured according to routine methods in the art, such as according to the assays provided herein.
[0080] As used herein the term "contacting" refers to the bringing together of indicated moieties in an in vitro or an in vivo system. For example, "contacting" the chemokine receptor with a compound of the invention includes the administration of a compound of the present invention to a subject, such as a human, having a chemokine receptor, as well as, for example, introducing a compound of the invention into a sample containing a cellular or purified preparation containing the chemokine receptor. [0081] In another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (T) as defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0082] If pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the invention are utilized in these compositions, the salts preferably are derived from inorganic or organic acids and bases. For reviews of suitable salts, see, e.g., Berge et al, J. Pharm. Sci. 66:1-19 (1977) and Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th Ed., ed. A. Gennaro, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000. [0083] As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. A "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" means any non-toxic salt of a compound of this invention that, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, a compound of this invention or an active metabolite or residue thereof. As used herein, the term "active metabolite or residue thereof means that a metabolite or residue thereof is useful for the treatment of inflammatory or allergic disorders. In some embodiments, without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, a "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" means any non-toxic salt of a compound of this invention that, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, an inhibitorily active compound of the invention or an inhibitorily active metabolite or residue thereof. As used herein, the term "inhibitorily active compound or inhibitorily active metabolite or residue thereof means that a compound or metabolite or residue thereof is also an inhibitor of CCR2. [0084] Nonlimiting examples of suitable acid addition salts include the following: acetate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzene sulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, citrate, camphorate, camphor sulfonate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, lucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenyl-propionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, succinate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate and undecanoate.
[0085] Suitable base addition salts include, without limitation, ammonium salts, alkali metal salts, such as sodium and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts, such as calcium and magnesium salts, salts with organic bases, such as dicyclohexylamine salts, N-methyl-D-glucamine, and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine, and so forth.
[0086] Also, basic nitrogen-containing groups may be quaternized with such agents as lower alkyl halides, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride, bromides and iodides; dialkyl sulfates, such as dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl and diamyl sulfates, long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides, such as benzyl and phenethyl bromides and others. Water or oil-soluble or dispersible products are thereby obtained.
[0087] As described above, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention additionally comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, which, as used herein, includes any and all solvents, diluents, or other liquid vehicle, dispersion or suspension aids, surface active agents, isotonic agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, preservatives, solid binders, lubricants and the like, as suited to the particular dosage form desired. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., a standard reference text in this field, discloses various carriers used in formulating pharmaceutical compositions and known techniques for the preparation thereof. Except insofar as any conventional carrier medium is incompatible with the compounds of the invention, such as by producing any undesirable biological effect or otherwise interacting in a deleterious manner with any other component(s) of the pharmaceutical composition, its use is contemplated to be within the scope of this invention.
[0088] The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be manufactured by methods well known in the art such as conventional granulating, mixing, dissolving, encapsulating, lyophilizing, or emulsifying processes, among others. Compositions may be produced in various forms, including granules, precipitates, or particulates, powders, including freeze dried, rotary dried or spray dried powders, amorphous powders, tablets, capsules, syrup, suppositories, injections, emulsions, elixirs, suspensions or solutions. Formulations may optionally contain stabilizers, pH modifiers, surfactants, bioavailability modifiers and combinations of these.
[0089] Pharmaceutical formulations may be prepared as liquid suspensions or solutions using a liquid, such as, but not limited to, an oil, water, an alcohol, and combinations of these. Pharmaceutically suitable surfactants, suspending agents, or emulsifying agents, may be added for oral or parenteral administration. Suspensions may include oils, such as but not limited to, peanut oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil and olive oil. Suspension preparation may also contain esters of fatty acids such as ethyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, fatty acid glycerides and acetylated fatty acid glycerides. Suspension formulations may include alcohols, such as, but not limited to, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, hexadecyl alcohol, glycerol and propylene glycol. Ethers, such as but not limited to, poly(ethyleneglycol) , petroleum hydrocarbons such as mineral oil and petrolatum; and water may also be used in suspension formulations.
[0090] Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers that may be used in these compositions include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat.
[0091] According to a preferred embodiment, the compositions of this invention are formulated for pharmaceutical administration to a mammal, preferably a human being. Such pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered orally, parenterally, by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally or via an implanted reservoir. The term "parenteral" as used herein includes subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-articular, intra-synovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intrahepatic, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques. Preferably, the compositions are administered orally, intravenously, or subcutaneously. The formulations of the invention may be designed to be short-acting, fast-releasing, or long-acting. Still further, compounds can be administered in a local rather than systemic means, such as administration (e.g., by injection) at a desired site.
[0092] Sterile injectable forms of the compositions of this invention may be aqueous or oleaginous suspension. These suspensions may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose, any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or di-glycerides. Fatty acids, such as oleic acid and its glyceride derivatives are useful in the preparation of injectables, as are natural pharmaceutically- acceptable oils, such as olive oil or castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions. These oil solutions or suspensions may also contain a long-chain alcohol diluent or dispersant, such as carboxymethyl cellulose or similar dispersing agents which are commonly used in the formulation of pharmaceutically acceptable dosage forms including emulsions and suspensions. Other commonly used surfactants, such as Tweens, Spans and other emulsifying agents or bioavailability enhancers which are commonly used in the manufacture of pharmaceutically acceptable solid, liquid, or other dosage forms may also be used for the purposes of formulation. Compounds may be formulated for parenteral administration by injection such as by bolus injection or continuous infusion. A unit dosage form for injection may be in ampoules or in multi- dose containers.
[0093] The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be orally administered in any orally acceptable dosage form including, but not limited to, capsules, tablets, aqueous suspensions or solutions. In the case of tablets for oral use, carriers that are commonly used include lactose and corn starch. Lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added. For oral administration in a capsule form, useful diluents include lactose and dried cornstarch. When aqueous suspensions are required for oral use, the active ingredient is combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening, flavoring or coloring agents may also be added.
[0094] Alternatively, the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration. These may be prepared by mixing the agent with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at room temperature but liquid at rectal temperature and therefore will melt in the rectum to release the drug. Such materials include cocoa butter, beeswax and polyethylene glycols. [0095] The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may also be administered topically, especially when the target of treatment includes areas or organs readily accessible by topical application, including diseases of the eye, the skin, or the lower intestinal tract. Suitable topical formulations are readily prepared for each of these areas or organs.
[0096] Topical application for the lower intestinal tract may be effected in a rectal suppository formulation (see above) or in a suitable enema formulation. Topically-transdermal patches may also be used. For topical applications, the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in a suitable ointment containing the active component suspended or dissolved in one or more carriers. Carriers for topical administration of the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, liquid petrolatum, white petrolatum, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene compound, emulsifying wax and water. Alternatively, the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in a suitable lotion or cream containing the active components suspended or dissolved in one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 60, cetyl esters wax, cetearyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, benzyl alcohol and water. ,
[0097] For ophthalmic use, the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated as micronized suspensions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, or, preferably, as solutions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, either with our without a preservative such as benzylalkonium chloride. Alternatively, for ophthalmic uses, the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in an ointment such as petrolatum. [0098] The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may also be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation. Such compositions are prepared according to techniques well known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other conventional solubilizing or dispersing agents.
[0099] The compounds of this invention or pharmaceutical compositions thereof may also be incorporated into compositions for coating implantable medical devices, such as prostheses, artificial valves, vascular grafts, stents and catheters. Accordingly, the present invention, in another aspect, includes a composition for coating an implantable device comprising a compound of the present invention as described generally above, and in classes and subclasses herein, and a carrier suitable for coating said implantable device. In still another aspect, the present invention includes an implantable device coated with a composition comprising a compound of the present invention as described generally above, and in classes and subclasses herein, and a carrier suitable for coating said implantable device. [00100] Vascular stents, for example, have been used to overcome restenosis (re-narrowing of the vessel wall after injury). However, patients using stents or other implantable devices risk clot formation or platelet activation. These unwanted effects may be prevented or mitigated by pre-coating the device with a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a kinase inhibitor. Suitable coatings and the general preparation of coated implantable devices are described in US Patents 6,099,562; 5,886,026; and 5,304,121. The coatings are typically biocompatible polymeric materials such as a hydrogel polymer, polymethyldisiloxane, polycaprolactone, polyethylene glycol, polylactic acid, ethylene vinyl acetate, and mixtures thereof. The coatings may optionally be further covered by a suitable topcoat of fluorosilicone, polysaccarides, polyethylene glycol, phospholipids or combinations thereof to impart controlled release characteristics in the composition.
[00101] The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention preferably are formulated for administration to a patient having, or at risk of developing or experiencing a recurrence of, an inflammatory, allergic or autoimmune disease, condition, or disorder. The term "patient", as used herein, means an animal, preferably a mammal, more preferably a human. Preferred pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are those formulated for oral, intravenous, or subcutaneous administration. However, any of the above dosage forms containing a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention are well within the bounds of routine experimentation and therefore, well within the scope of the instant invention. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention may further comprise another therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, such other therapeutic agent is one that is normally administered to patients with the disease or condition being treated. [00102] As discussed above, compounds of the invention (including salts thereof) are useful as inhibitors of CCR2 activity. Several diseases and disorders have been shown to be mediated at least in part by the activation of CCR2. Thus, compounds of the invention are useful for the treatment of (therapeutically or prophylactically) conditions mediated by CCR2, including, but not limited to, inflammatory, allergic, or autoimmune diseases, conditions, or disorders. The disclosed compounds can also be advantageously used for the treatment of diseases, conditions, or disorders mediated by esinophils, monocytes, T lymphocytes and other immune system cells which express CCR2, including inflammatory, allergic, or autoimmune diseases, conditions, or disorders mediated by these cells. When activation of CCR2 is implicated in a particular disease, condition, or disorder, the disease, condition, or disorder may also be referred to as "a CCR2-mediated disease, condition, or disorder" or disorder symptom. Accordingly, in another aspect, the present invention provides a method for the treatment of an inflammatory, allergic, or autoimmune disease, condition, or disorder is provided comprising administering an effective amount of a compound or a pharmaceutical composition to a subject in need thereof.
[00103] Examples of allergic conditions for which the disclosed compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods are particularly effective include asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, systemic anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity responses, drug allergies (e.g., to penicillin, cephalosporins), insect sting allergies and dermatoses such as dermatitis, eczema, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis and urticaria.
[00104] Examples of diseases with an inflammatory component for which the disclosed compounds, pharmaceutical composition and methods are effective include rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disease [e.g., such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, ileitis, Celiac disease, nontropical Sprue, enteritis, enteropathy associated with seronegative arthropathies, microscopic or collagenous colitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, or pouchitis resulting after proctocolectomy, and ileoanal anastomosis] and disorders of the skin [e.g., psoriasis, erythema, pruritis, and acne].
[00105] Many autoimmune diseases also have an inflammatory component. Examples include multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, myasthenia gravis, juvenile onset diabetes, glomerulonephritis and other nephritides, autoimmune thyroiditis, Behcet's disease and graft rejection
(including allograft rejection or graft-versus-host disease). The inflammatory component of these disorders is believed to be mediated, at least in part, by CCR2.
[00106] Diseases characterized by repurfusion have an inflammatory component that is believed to be mediated, at least in part by CCR2. Examples include stroke, cardiac ischemia, and the like. The disclosed compounds and pharmaceutical compositions also can be used to treat these disorders.
[00107] Other diseases and conditions with an inflammatory component believed to be mediated by
CCR2 include mastitis (mammary gland), vaginitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis or pericholangitis (bile duct and surrounding tissue of the liver), chronic bronchitis, chronic sinusitis, chronic inflammatory diseases of the lung which result in interstitial fibrosis, such as interstitial lung diseases (DLD) (e.g., idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or ILD associated with rheumatoid arthritis, or other autoimmune conditions), cystic fibrosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, collagen diseases, neuropathic pain, and sarcoidosis.
[00108] Yet other diseases or conditions with inflammatory components which are amenable to treatment according to methods disclosed herein include vasculitis (e.g., necrotizing, cutaneous, and hypersensitivity vasculitis), spondyloarthropathies, scleroderma, atherosclerosis, restenosis and myositis
(including polymyositis, dermatomyositis), pancreatitis and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
[00109] Still other diseases or conditions which are amenable to treatment according to methods disclosed herein include cancer, preferably breast cancer or multiple myeloma.
[00110] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, scleroderma, atherosclerosis, neuropathic pain, type II diabetes, COPD
(chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder), cystic fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, lung fibrosis, lupus, lupus nephritis, macular degeneration, cancer (including breast cancer and multiple myeloma), acute and chronic organ transplant rejection, inflammatory pain, post MI remodeling, psoriasis, renal fibrosis, restenosis, stroke, uveitis, endometriosis, acute pancreatitis, peripheral vascular disease, sarcoidosis, or CIDP/Guillain-Barre disease comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I.
[00111] In still other embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, scleroderma, atherosclerosis, neuropathic pain, or type II diabetes comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I.
[00112] In yet other embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I.
[00113] As used herein, "treatment" or "treating" means partial alleviation, prevention, or cure of a disease, condition, or disorder as described herein.
[00114] As used herein a "therapeutically effective amount" of the compound or pharmaceutical composition is that quantity required to achieve a desired theapeutic and/or prophylactic effect, such as an amount which results in the prevention of or a decrease in the symptoms associated with a disease, condition or disorder as described herein. In some embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound is that amount which results in the inhibition of one or more of the processes mediated by the binding of a chemokine to a receptor such as CCR2 in a subject with a disease associated with aberrant leukocyte recruitment and/or activation. Typical examples of such processes include leukocyte migration, integrin activation, transient increases in the concentration of intracellular free calcium and granule release of proinflammatory mediators.
[00115] Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions, according to the method of the present invention, may be administered using any amount and any route of administration effective for treating a disease, condition, or disorder as described herein. The skilled artisan will be able to determine appropriate dosages depending on these and other factors. An "effective amount" typically ranges between about 0.01 mg/kg/day to about 100 mg/kg/day, preferably between about 0.5 mg/kg/day to about
50 mg/kg/day. In other embodiments, an effective amount typically ranges between about 1 mg/kg/day to about 25 mg/kg/day.
[00116] The exact amount required will vary from subject to subject, depending on the species, age, and general condition of the subject, the severity of the infection, the particular agent, its mode of administration, and the like. The compounds of the invention are preferably formulated in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. The expression "dosage unit form" as used herein refers to a physically discrete unit of agent appropriate for the patient to be treated. It will be understood, however, that the total daily usage of the compounds and compositions of the present invention will be decided by the attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment. The specific effective dose level for any particular patient or organism will depend upon a variety of factors including the disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder; the activity of the specific compound employed; the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient; the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the specific compound employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidental with the specific compound employed, and like factors well known in the medical arts.
[00117] The term "subject", as used herein, is preferably a bird or mammal, such as a human {Homo sapiens), but can also be an animal in need of veterinary treatment, e.g., domestic animals (e.g., dogs, cats, and the like), farm animals {e.g., cows, sheep, fowl, pigs, horses, and the like) and laboratory animals (e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs, and the like).
[00118] It will also be appreciated that the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can be employed in combination therapies, that is, the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions can be administered concurrently with, prior to, or subsequent to, one or more other desired therapeutics or medical procedures. The particular combination of therapies (therapeutics or procedures) to employ in a combination regimen will take into account compatibility of the desired therapeutics and/or procedures and the desired therapeutic effect to be achieved. It will also be appreciated that the therapies employed may achieve a desired effect for the same disorder (for example, an inventive compound may be administered concurrently with another agent used to treat the same disorder), or they may achieve different effects (e.g., control of any adverse effects). As used herein, additional therapeutic agents which are normally administered to treat or prevent a particular disease, or condition, are known as "appropriate for the disease, or condition, being treated". Exemplary additional therapeutic agents for use with an antagonist of chemokine receptor function include, but are not limited to theophylline, β- adrenergic bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antihistamines, antiallergic agents, immunosuppressive agents (e.g., cyclosporin A, FK-506, prednisone, methylprednisolone), hormones (e.g., adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)), cytokines (e.g., interferons (e.g., IFNβ-lα, EFNβ-lβ)) and the like. [00119] The amount of additional therapeutic agent present in the compositions of this invention will be no more than the amount that would normally be administered in a composition comprising that therapeutic agent as the only active agent. Preferably the amount of additional therapeutic agent in the presently disclosed compositions will range from about 50% to 100% of the amount normally present in a composition comprising that agent as the only therapeutically active agent.
EXAMPLES
[00120] Although certain exemplary embodiments are depicted and described herein, it will be appreciated that compounds of the invention can be prepared using appropriate starting materials according to the methods described generally herein and/or by methods generally available to one of ordinary skill in the art. Additional embodiments are exemplified in more detail herein. Exemplary compounds of formula I are depicted in Tables 1 and 2 below and described in the examples below. General. AU reactions involving air-sensitive reagents were performed under a nitrogen atmosphere. Reagents were used as received from commercial suppliers unless otherwise noted. 1H NMR data were recorded using the Bruker UltraShield 300,MHz/54mm instrument equipped with Bruker B-ACS60 Auto Sampler or the Varian 300 MHz instrument. Intermediates and final compounds were purified by flash chromatography using one of the following instruments: 1. Biotage 4-channel Quad UV Flash Collector equipped with a Quad 1 Pump Module and the Quad 12/25 Cartridge module. 2.- Biotage 12-channel
Quad UV Flash Collector equipped with a Quad 3 Pump Module and a Quad 3 Cartridge module. 3. i ISCO combi-flash chromatography instrument. LC/MS spectra were obtained using a MicroMass
Platform LC (Phenomenx C18 column, 5 micron, 50x4.6 mm) equipped with a Gilson 215 Liquid Handler. Standard LC/MS conditions are as follows. LC-MS data were acquired using the "Ammonium acetate-standard" method unless otherwise noted. [00121] Ammonium acetate-standard conditions:
% A (Water) 95.0 HPl 100 LC Pump Gradient Timetable
% B (Acetonitrile) 5.0
% Ammonium acetate 0.1 The gradient Timetable contains 4 entries which are:
Flow (ml/min) 2.500
Stop Time (mins) 3.8 Time A% B% C% D% Flow Pressure
Min Pressure (bar) 0 0.00 95.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 2.500 400
Max Pressure (bar) 400 2.00 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2.500 400
Oven Temperature Left(°C) 10.0 3.00 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2.500 400
Oven Temperature Right(°C) 10.0 3.05 95.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 2.000 400
[00122] Scheme 1
Figure imgf000048_0001
[00124] N-{2-[((3 R)-l-{l-[4-(acetylamino)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (l)
[00125] N-{2-[((3 R)-l-{ l-[4-(acetylamino)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-
3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6-methoxypyridin-
3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, substituting N-(4- aminophenyl)acetamide for 6-methoxypyridin-3-amine. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC. MS m/z: 532 (M + 1).
[00126] 7V-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2- oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (2)
[00127] To a solution of 5-amino-2-methoxypyridine (375 mg, 3.02 mmol) and K2CO3 (49 mg, 0.355 mmol) in ethanol (7 mL) at 80 0C was added a slurry of l-benzyl-l-methyl-4-oxopiperidinium iodide in water (5 mL) over a 10 minute period. After 45 minutes, the reaction mixture was cooled and partitioned between dichloromethane (10 mL) and water. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was washed with an addition portion of dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting crude product was subjected to flash chromatography (1:1 Hexanes:EtOAc) to afford l-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-one (459 mg, 74%) as a light orange solid. 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.56 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 4H), 3.42 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 4H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 6.69 (d, J = 93 Hz, IH), 7.32 (dd, J = 9.0, 3.0 Hz, IH), 7.85 (d, J = 3.0 Hz, IH). [00128] To a solution of N-{ 2-oxo-2-[(3 R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamino]ethyl }-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (306 mg, 0.97 mmol; prepared according to WO2004/050024A2) in methanol (757 μL, 1.87 mmol) at room temperature was added l-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-one (200 mg, 0.971 mmol) followed by sodium triacetoxyborohydride (247 mg, 1.16 mmol); the reaction mixture was stirred for 16 hours. To the mixture was added NaHCO3 (sat. aq., 10 mL) and dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was washed with an addition portion of dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting crude product was subjected to flash chromatography (15% MeOH, 1% NH4OH in EtOAc) to afford N-[2-({(3R)-l-[l- (6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (465 mg, 95%) as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.59-1.86 (m, 3H), 2.00-2.14 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.48 (m, 2H), 2.64-2.84 (m, 4H), 2.95-3.10 (m, 2H), 3.26-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.49-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 4.03 (s, 2H), 4.36-4.48 (m, IH), 6.73 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, IH), 7.46 (dd, J = 9.0, 3.0 Hz, IH), 7.70 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.76 (d, J = 3.0 Hz, IH), 7.87 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 8.14 (d, J = 8.1 Hz IH), 8.22 (s, IH). MS m/z: 506 (M + 1).
[00129] N-{2-oxo-2-[((3 R)-l-{l-[(2JS)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrroBdin-3- yl)amino]ethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (3)
[00130] To a solution of frøns-cinnamic acid (25 mg, 0.18 mmol) in methylene chloride (5 mL) was added EDCI (37 mg, 0.19 mmol) and HOBt (26 mg, 0.19 mg), followed by N-(2-oxo-2-{[(3 R)-l- piperidin-4-ylpyrrolidin-3-yl] amino }ethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl) benzamide (50 mg, 0.16 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight, then concentrated under reduced pressure. To the slurry was added NaHCO3 (sat. aq., 10 mL) and ethyl acetate (10 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and the organic layer was washed with brine (10 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting crude product was subjected to flash chromatography (15% MeOH, 1%
NH4OH in EtOAc) to afford 2-chlorobenzyl 4-{(3 R)-3-[({[3-
(trifluoromethy^benzoyyaminojacety^aminolpyrrolidm-l-yljpiperidine-l-carboxylate (68 mg, 95% yield) as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.56-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.82 (m, IH), 1.92-1.96 (m, 2H),
2.28-2.37 (m, IH), 2.44-2.52 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.86 (m, 3H), 3.07-3.18 (m, 2H), 4.11-4.15 (m, 3H), 4.51-
4.53 (m, 2H), 6.85-6.90 (d, IH), 7.34-7.40 (m, 5H), 7.50-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.76 (d, 7= 8.1
Hz, IH), 8.03 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, IH), 8.12 (s, IH). MS m/z: 529 (M + 1).
[00131] iV-[2-({(3jR)-l-[l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-
(trifluoromethoxy)benzamide (4)
[00132] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to 3,4-dichloro-N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(4- methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl } amino)-2-oxoethyl]benzamide, substituting 3-
(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl chloride for 3,4-dichlorobenzoylchloride, and was isolated as a white solid.
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.57-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.86-1.97 (m, 2H), 2.06-2.38 (m, 4H), 2.59-2.67 (m, 3H), 3.72
(m, IH), 2.95 (m, IH), 3.46 (m, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 4.09 (m, 2H), 4.45 (m, IH), 6.72 (m, 3H), 6.87(m,
2H), 7.31 (m, 2H), 7.44 (t, J=6.5 Hz, IH), 7.70 (m, IH). MS m/z: 521 (M + 1).
[00133] iV-[2-({(32ϊ)-l-[l-(4-£luorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}ainino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (5)
[00134] N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzamide was synthesized in a similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6-methoxypyridin-
3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, substituting 4- fluoroaniline for 6-methoxypyridin-3-amine. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC. MS m/z: 493 (M + 1).
[00135] (R)-Ν-(l-(l-m-tolylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-(6"(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4- ylamino)acetamide (6)
[00136] The title compound was prepared in similar fashion to N-[(3 R)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-[7-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]acetamide, substituting { [6-
(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-yl]amino} acetic acid (the aryl chloride of which prepared according to
WO2005020899A2) for lithium salt of [4-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]acetic acid as well as substituting l-(3-methylphenyl)piperidin-4-one for tetrahydro-4Η-pyran-4-one and was isolated as a white solid. MS m/z = 513 (M +1).
[00137] (R)-Ν-(l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrroUdin-3-yl)-2-(5-
(trifluoromethyl)benzo[d]isoxazol-3-ylamino)acetamide (7) [00138] The title compound was prepared in similar fashion to N-[(3 R)-l-(tetraliydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)pynrolidin-3-yl]-2-[7-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]acetamide^ substituting { [5-
(trifluoromethy I)- l,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl] amino} acetic acid (prepared according to WO2005020899A2) for lithium salt of [4-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]acetic acid and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (DMSO-dό) δ: 1.25-1.38 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.62 (m, IH), 1.66-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.22 (m,
2H), 2.33-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.72 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.88 (m, 4H), 4.12-4.24 (m, IH),
7.56 (t, J=6.0Hz,lH), 7.68 (d,J=8.7Hz, IH), 7.89 (dd,J=8.7Hz and 1.8Hz, IH), 7.95 (bd,J=7.5Hz, IH),
8.20 (s, IH). MS m/z: 413 (M + 1)
[00139] iV-[2-({(3i?)-l-[l-(3-chlorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrroIidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (8)
[00140] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, whereby l-(3-chlorophenyl)piperidin-4-one was substituted for l-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4- one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.87- 2.10 (m, 5H), 2.37-2.44 (m, IH), 2.66-
2.74 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.95 (m, 2H), 3.03-3.09 (m, IH), 3.55 (d, J = 11.7 Hz, IH), 3.64-3.76 (m, 3H), 4.06-
4.23 (m, 2H), 4.79-4.83 (m, IH), 6.74-6.78 (m, IH), 6.83-6.85 (m, 2H), 7.13-7.18 (m, IH), 7.53-7.57
(m, IH), 7.66-7.75 (m, 2H), 8.09 (m, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 8.20 (s, IH), 8.28 (s, IH), 9.09 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH).
MS m/z: 509 (M + 1).
[00141] 4-fluoro-N-[2-({(32ϊ)-l-[l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidiii-3-yl}amino)-2- oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (9)
[00142] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to 3,4-dichloro-N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(4- methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl } amino)-2-oxoethyl]benzamide, substituting 4-fluoro-3~
(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride for 3,4-dichlorobenzoylchloride, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-
ΝMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.86-2.02 (m, 5H), 2.37 (m, IH), 2.55-2.70 (m, 4H), 2.85 (m, IH), 3.28 (m, IH), 2.44
(m, IH), 3.56 (m, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 4.11 (m, 2H), 4.70 (m, IH), 6.81 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 2H), 6.88 (d, J = 9.2
Hz, 2H), 7.19 (m, IH), 7.33 (m, IH), 8.03 (m, IH), 8.12 (m, IH), 8.50 (b, IH). MS m/z: 523 (M + 1).
[00143] N-(2-{[(3 R)-l-(l-{4-[acetyI(methyl)amino]phenyl}piperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]aiiMno}-
2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyI)benzamide (10)
[00144] N-(2-{[(3 R)-l-(l-{4-[acetyl(methyl)amino]phenyl}piperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}-2- oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, substituting N-(4-aminophenyl)-N-methylacetamide for 6-methoxypyridin-3-amine. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC. MS m/z: 546 (M + 1). [00145] (^-N-Cl-Ctetrahydro^H-pyran^-yDpyrroIidin-S-y^^-CS-Ctrifluoromethy^-lH-indazol- 3-ylamino)acetamide (11)
[00146] The title compound was prepared in similar fashion to N-[(3 R)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-[7-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]acetamide, substituting { [5-
(trifluoromethyl)-lH-indazol-3-yl]amino}acetic acid (prepared according to WO2005020899A2) for lithium salt of [4-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl}acetic acid and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 1.20-1.37 (m, 2H), 1.46-1.59 (m, IH), 1.61-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.29-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.58-2.67 (m, 2H), 3.18-3.29 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.85 (m, 4H), 4.10-4.22 (m, IH), 6.64 (t, IH), 7.39 (d, IH), 7.48 (dd, IH), 7.95 (d, IH), 8,27 (s, IH), 11.9.(s, IH). MS m/z: 412 (M + 1). [00147] 4-(4-{(3Λ)-3-[({[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetyl)amino]pyrrolidin-l- yl}piperidin-l-yl)benzoic acid
[00148] In a round-bottom flask, a solution of benzyl 4-(4-{(37?)-3-[({ [3- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetyl)amino]pyrrolidin-l-yl}piperidin-l-yl)benzoate (120 mg, 0.20 mmol) in methanol (400 μL) and Palladium (10%) on Carbon (50 mg) was purged with hydrogen gas for two minutes; the reaction was then subjected to 1 atmosphere of hydrogen gas for two hours. The flask was purged with argon, then the mixture was filtered and concentrated to afford 4-(4-{(3 R)-3-[({[3- (trifluoromethy^benzoyllaminoJacetyOaminojpyrrolidin-l-ylJpiperidin-l-yObenzoic acid (101 mg, 96%) as an off-white solid. 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.60-1.98 (m, 4H), 1.90-2.40 (m, 4H), 2.85-3.05 (m, 3H), 3.38-4.10 (m, 8H), 4.40-5.58 (m, IH), 7.01 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.70 (t, J ~ 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.84-7.90 (m, IH), 7.89 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 8.15 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 8.22 (s, IH). .MS m/z: 519 (M + 1). [00149] iV^V-dimethyl-4-(4-{(3i?)-3-[({[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetyl)ainino ]pyrrolidin-l-yl}piperidin-l-yl)benzamide (12)
[00150] To a solution of 4-(4-{(3R)-3-[({[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino} acetyl)amino]pyrrolidin-l-y,l}piperidin-l-yl)benzoic acid (29 mg, 0.056 mmol), HATU (0.032 g, 0.084 mmol), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (39 μL, 0.22 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (11.3 mg, 0.084 mmol) in DMF (3.0 mL) was added dimethylamine (0.035 μL as a 2.00M THF solution). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. To the mixture was added NaHCO3 (sat. aq., 10 mL) and dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was washed with an addition portion of dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting crude product was subjected to flash chromatography (15% MeOH, 1% NH4OH in EtOAc) to afford N,N-dimethyl-4-(4-{(3 R)-3-[({[3- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino} acetyl)amino] pyrrolidin-l-yl}piperidin-l-yl)benzamide (22 mg, 72%) as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.50-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.80 (m, IH), 1.90-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.20- 2.40 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.70 (m, 3H), 2.70-3.00 (m, 5H), 3.06 (s, 6H), 3.20-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.90 (m, 2H),
4.36-4.46 (m, IH), 6.98 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.69 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.86 (d, J =
7.8 Hz, IH), 8.14 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 8.22 (s, IH). MS m/z: 546 (M + 1).
[00151] 3-tert-butyl-N-[2-({(3Z?)-l-[l-(3-methyIphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2- oxoethyl]benzamide (13)
[00152] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to 3,4-dichloro-N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(4- methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]benzamide, substituting 3-tert- butylbenzoyl chloride for 3,4-dichlorobenzoylchloride (carboxylic acid prepared according to the following procedure: l-ferf-butyl-3-methylbenzene (1.0 equiv) and KMnO4 (4.0 equiv.) were heated in
1.0Ν aqueous KOH for 2h. The mixture was cooled to RT, and sulfuric acid was added until acidic, followed by sodium metabisulfϊte until colorless. The mixture was partitioned with EtOAc; the organic layer was collected, dried and concentrated to afford the crude acid), and l-(3-methylphenyl)piperidin-4- one for l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCI3) δ: 1.30
(s, 9H), 1.81-2.08 (m, 5H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.32 (m, IH), 2.57-2.84 (m, 4H), 2.97 (m, IH), 3.31 (d, J=ILl
Hz, IH), 3.46 (m, IH), 3.68 (m, 2H), 4.11(m, 2H), 4.70 (br, IH), 6.65-6.78 (m, 3H), 7.11 (t, J=8.7 Hz,
IH), 7.34 (m, IH), 7.50 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 7.63 (d, J=7.2 Hz IH), 7.89 (s, IH), 8.36 (br, IH), 8.65 (br,
IH). MS m/z: 477 (M + 1).
[00153] 3-fluoro-N-[2-({(32?)-l-[l-(3-methylpheiiyl)piperidin-4.yl]pyrroUdin-3-yI}ainino)-2- oxoethyl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (14)
[00154] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to 3,4-Dichloro-N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(4- methoxyphenyl)piperidm-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]benzamide, substituting 3-fluoro-5-
(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride for 3,4-dichlorobenzoylchloride, and l-(3-methylphenyl)piperidin-4- one for l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.65-
1.77 (m, 3H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.31 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.43 (m, IH), 2.66-2.75 (m, 3H), 2.88 (m,
IH), 3.11 (m, IH), 3.63-3.67 (m, 2H), 4.09 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 2H), 4.52 (m, IH), 6.65 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, IH),
6.72 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, IH), 6.73 (s, IH), 7.12 (m, 2H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.75 (m, IH), 7.88 (s, IH). MS m/z:
507 (M + 1).
[00155] N-[2-({(32ϊ)-l-[l-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidiii-3-yl}amino)-2- oxoethyI]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (15)
[00156] N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)piperidin-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2- oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyπ:oMin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzarnide, substituting 4-methoxy-2-methylaniline for 6-methoxypyridin-3-amine. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC. MS m/z: 519 (M + 1) . [00157] N-{2-oxo-2-t((3/ϊ)-l-{l-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3- yl)amino]ethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (16)
[00158] N-{2-oxo-2-[((3 R)-l-{ l-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3- yl)amino]ethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide was synthesized in similar fashion to Λ/-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidm-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}ainino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzarnide, substituting 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline for 6-methoxypyridin-3-amine. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC. MS m/z: 543 (M + 1).
[00159] iV-[2-({(3i[?)-l-[l-(4-cyanophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (17)
[00160] In a round-bottom flask, a slurry of benzyl 4-{(3 R)-3-[({[3-
(trifluoromethy^benzoyπarninojacety^aminolpyrrolidin-l-yljpiperidine-l-carboxylate (0.690 g, 1.30 mmol) and Palladium (10%) on Carbon (0.200 g) in methanol (10 mL) was purged with hydrogen gas for
2 min.; the reaction was then subjected to 1 atm of hydrogen gas for 3h. The flask was purged with
Argon, then the mixture was filtered and concentrated to afford N-(2-oxo-2-{[(3 R)-l-piperidin-4- ylpyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}ethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (0.501 g, 97%) as an off-white solid. 1H-
ΝMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.32-1.53 (m, 2H), 1.52-2.04 (m, 6H), 2.15-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.70 (m, 3H), 2.80-3.00
(m, 3H), 4.00-4.20 (m, 2H), 4.42 (bs, IH),.6.77 (m, IH), 7.40-7.55 (m, IH), 7.53 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.73
(d, J = 7.2 Hz, IH), 7.98 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 8.08 (s, IH). MS m/z: 399 (M + 1).
[00161] To a solution of N-(2-oxo-2-{[(3 R)-l-piperidin-4-ylpyrrolidin-3-yl]aminα}ethyl)-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (33 mg, 0.083 mmol) in DMSO (3 mL) was added K2CO3 (17.2 mg, 0.124 mmol) followed by 4-fluorobenzonitrile (10 mg, 0.83 mmol). The mixture was heated to 120 0C for 16 hours. The crude mixture was subjected to column chromatography (15% MeOH, 1% ΝH4OH in EtOAc) to afford N-[2-( { (3 R)- 1 -[ 1 -(4-cyanophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3 -yl } amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3 -
(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (0.031 g, 75%) as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.48-1.70 (m, 3H),
1.82-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.42 (m, 3H), 2.58-2.76 (m, 2H), 2.84-3.00 (m, 3H), 3.70-3.82 (m, 2H), 4.08 (d, J
= 4.8 Hz, 2H), 4.38-4.51 (m, IH), 6.45 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 6.82 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.18-7.27 (m, IH),
7.44 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.74 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, IH), 7.96 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 8.07
(s, IH). MS m/z: 500 (M + 1).
[00162] N-[(3jR)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-[7-(trifluoromethyl)-lH- benzimidazol-2-yl]acetamide (18)
[00163] To a solution of the lithium salt of [4-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl] acetic acid (3.5 mmol; prepared according to WO 2005020899 A2) in DMF (18 mL) was added (3R)-I- benzylpyrrolidin-3-amine (740 mg, 4.20 mmol), ΗOBt (709 mg, 5.25 mmol), EDCI (1.0Og, 5.25 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (3.05 mL, 17.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 16 hours then was added NaHCθ3 (sat. aq., 10 mL) and dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was washed with an addition portion of dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting crude product was subjected to flash chromatography (15% MeOH, 1% NH4OH in EtOAc) to afford N-[(3R)-l-benzylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2- [4-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]acetamide (866 mg, 62%) as a white solid. [00164] In a round-bottom flask, a slurry of N-[(3R)-l-benzylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)- lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]acetamide (800 mg, 1.99 mmol) and Palladium (10%) on Carbon (10 mg) in MeOH was purged with hydrogen gas for 2 min.; the reaction was then subjected to 1 aim of hydrogen gas overnight. The flask was purged with argon, then the mixture was filtered, concentrated and subjected to flash chromatography (ethyl acetate) to afford N-[(3R)-pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-[4- (trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]acetamide (510 mg, 83%) as a white solid. [00165] To . a solution of N-[(3R)-pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2- yl]acetamide (1.0 equiv) in methanol (0.500 M) at room temperature was added tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4- one (1.25 equiv.) followed by sodium triacetoxyborohydride (4 equiv); the reaction mixture was stirred for 16 hours. To the mixture was added NaHCO3 (sat. aq., 10 mL) and dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was washed with an addition portion of dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting crude product was subjected to flash chromatography (15% MeOH, 1% NH4OH in EtOAc) to afford N-[(3 R)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-[7-(trifluoromethyl)- lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]acetamide as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CD3Cl3) δ: 1.45-1.74 (m, 5H), 2.14-2.22 (m, 2H), 2.33 (m, IH), 2.60 (m, 2H), 2.83 (m, IH), 3.34 (m, 2H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.95 (s, 2 H), 4.39 (m, IH), 7.27 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, IH), 4.45-7.54 (m, 2H). MS m/z: 397 (M + 1).
[00166] N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amiiio)-2-oxoethyl]-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide (19)
[00167] N-[2-({ (3R)-I -[ 1 -(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl } amino)-2-oxoethyl] -3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3R)-l-[l-(6-methoxypyridin-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide whereby l-(4- methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-one was substituted for l-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piρeridin-4-one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.82-1.89 (m, 2H), 2.17-2.21 (m, 3H), 2.43-2.46 (m, IH), 2.68 (q, J = 11.7 Hz , 2H), 3.17-3.25 (m, IH), 3.38-3.46 (m, 2H), 3.57-3.66 (m, 4H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 4.04 (s, 2H), 4.50-4.52 (m, IH), 6.80-6.85 (m, 2H), 6.92-6.96 (m, 2H), 7.69 (t, J = 7.9 Hz , IH), 7.87 (d, / = 8.1 Hz, IH), 8.15 (d, J = 7.8 Hz , IH), 8.22 (s, IH), 8.29 (s, 2H). MS m/z: 505 (M + 1). [00168] N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(2-methoxyphenyI)piperidin-4-yl]pyrroIidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide (20) [00169] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to methyl 4-(4-{(3 R)-3-[({[3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetyl)amino]pyrrolidin-l-yl}piperidin-l-yl)benzoate, substituting bromo-2-methoxybenzene for methyl 4-bromobenzoate, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR
(CDCl3) δ: 1.50-2.20 (m, 5H), 2.25-2.40 (m, IH), 2.50-2.70 (m, 3H), 2.82 (dd, J = 11.1, 6.9 Hz, IH),
3.13-3.20 (m, IH), 3.30-3.40 (m, IH), 3.49-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 4.00-4.21 (m, 2H), 4.60-4.71 (m,
IH), 6.81-6.90 (m, 2H), 6.93-7.02 (m, IH), 7.10-7.28 (m, 4H), 7.56 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, IH), 7.73 (d, J = 8.1
Hz, IH), 8.06 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 8.25 (s, IH). MS m/z: 505(M + 1).
[00170] N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}aiiiino)-2-oxoethyI]-
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyI)benzamide (21)
[00171] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to 3,4-dichloro-N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(4- methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]benzamide, substituting 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride for 3,4-dichlorobenzoylchloride, and was isolated as a white solid.
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.83-2.02 (m, 5H), 2.38 (m, IH), 2.57-2.70 (m, 4H), 2.87 (m, IH), 3.25 (m, IH),
3.44 (m, IH), 3.53-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 4.12 (m, 2H), 4.71 (m, IH), 6.81 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 2H), 6.88
(d, J = 9.1 Hz, 2H), 7.80 (m, IH), 7.93 (m, IH), 8.29 (s, 2H), 8.40 (s, IH). MS m/z: 573 (M + 1).
[00172] Benzyl 4-{(3R)-3-[({[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetyl)amino]pyrrolidin-l- yl}piperidine-l-earboxylate (22)
[00173] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, whereby benzyl 4-oxopiperidine-l-carboxylate was substituted for l-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4- one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.30-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.78 (m, IH), 1.84-
2.00 (m, 2H), 2.08-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.80-3.00 (m, 4H), 3.20-3.40 (m, 2H), 4.03 (s, 2H),
4.08-4.13 (m, 2H), 4.34-4.44 (m, IH), 5.12 (s, 2H), 7.35 (m, 5H), 7.70 (t, /= 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.86 (d, 7= 7.8
Hz, IH), 8.14 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 8.22 (s, IH). MS m/z: 533 (M + 1).
[00174] 2-ChIorobenzyl4-{(3 R)-3-[({[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]ainino}acetyI)ainino]pyrrolidin- l-yl}piperidine-l-carboxylate (23)
[00175] To a solution of N-(2-oxo-2-{[(3 R)-l-piperidin-4-ylpyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}ethyl)-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (50 mg, 0.16 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (5 mL) was added triethylamine (24 mg, 0.24 mmol) followed by 2-chlorobenzyl carbonochloridate (49 uL, 0.24 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, then to the slurry was added NaHCO3 (sat. aq., 10 mL) and ethyl acetate (10 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and the organic layer was washed with brine (10 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting crude product was subjected to flash chromatography (15% MeOH, 1% NH4OH in EtOAc) to afford 2-Chlorobenzyl 4-{(3R)-3-[({[3-
(trifluoroinethyObenzoyyaminoJacetyOaminojpyrrolidin-l-ylJpiperidine-l-carboxylate (35 mg, 38%) as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.30-1.43 (m, 2H), 1.56-1.64 (m, IH), 1.69-1.74 (b, 2H), 2.14-2.35 (m,
3H), 2.56-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.88 (m, 3H), 4.01-4.06 (m, 4H), 4.40-4.42 (m, IH), 5.16 (s, 2H), 6.50 (d, 7
= 7.5 Hz , 2H), 7.18-7.22 (m, 4H), 7.30-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.50 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, IH), 7.70 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, IH),
7.94 (d, / = 7.5 Hz, IH), 8.03 (s, IH). MS m/z: 567 (M + 1).
[00176] N-{2-[((3Λ)-l-{l-[4-(l,3-oxazol-5-yl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrroUdin-3-yl)amino]-2- oxoethyI}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (24)
[00177] N-{2-[((3 R)-l-{l-[4-(l,3-oxazol-5-yl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidm-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}arnino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzarnide, substituting 4-(l,3-oxazol-5-yl)aniline for 6-methoxypyridin-3-amine. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC. MS m/z: 542 (M + 1).
[00178] 7V"(2-{[(3 R)-l-(l-{4-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl}piperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidiii-3- yI]amino}-2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (25)
[00179] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N,N-dimethyl-4-(4-{(3R)-3-[({[3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetyl)amino]pyrrolidin-l-yl}piperidin-l-yl)benzamide, substituting methylamine for dimethylamine, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.42-1.62 (m,
2H), 1.64-1.78 (m, IH), 1.93-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.95 (m, 7H),
3.28-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.35 (s, IH), 3.81-3.92 (m, 2H), 4.02 (s, 2H), 4.35-4.44 (m, IH), 6.96 (d, / = 9.0 Hz,
2H), 7.68 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 7.69 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.86 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, IH), 8.14 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, IH),
8.21 (s, IH). MS m/z: 532 (M + 1).
[00180] iV-[2-({(3/?)-l-[l-(2-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yI]pyrroUdin-3-yI}ainino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-
(trifluororαethyl)benzainide (26)
[00181] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}anτino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, whereby l-(2-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-one was substituted for l-(6-methoxyρyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4- one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.86-1.92 (m, 2H), 2.03-2.22 (m, 3H), 2.41-
2.48 (m, IH), 2.75 (t, /= 11.1 Hz , 2H), 3.16-3.26 (m, IH), 3.36-3.44 (m, 2H), 3.54-3.66 (m, 4H), 4.04 (s,
2H), 4.51-4.55 (m, IH), 6.96-7.10 (m, 4H), 7.70 (t, J = 7.6 Hz , 2H), 7.87 (d, / = 8.4 Hz, IH), 8.15 (d, J
= 7.5 Hz , IH), 8.22 (s, IH), 8.36 (s, 2H). MS m/z: 493 (M + 1)
[00182] N-{2-[((3 R)-l-{l-[3-(aminocarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yI}pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (27) [00183] N-{2-[((3R)-l-{ l-[3-(aminocarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, substituting 3-aminobenzamide for 6-methoxypyridin-3 -amine. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC. MS m/z: 518 (M + 1).
[00184] N-[2-({(3Λ)-l-[l-(3-methylphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (28)
[00185] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to 3,4-dichloro-N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(4- methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl }amino)-2-oxoethyl]benzamide, substituting 3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride for 3,4-dichlorobenzoylchloride, and l-(3-methylphenyl)piperidin-4- one for l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.68-
1.81 (m, 3H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.35 (m, 2H), 2.49 (m, IH), 2.66-2.74 (m, 3H), 3.00 (m, IH),
3.21 (m, IH), 3.64-3.69 (m, 2H), 4.12 (m, 2H), 4.56 (m, IH), 6.66 (d, / = 7.3 Hz, IH), 6.72 (d, J = 8.0
Hz, IH), 6.73 (s, IH), 7.12 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.27 (b, IH), 7.51 (m, IH), 7.98 (s, IH), 8.30 (m, 2H). MS m/z: 557 (M + 1).
[00186] N-[2-({(32?)-l-[l-(l,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrroUdin-3-yl}amino)-2- oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyI)benzamide (29)
[00187] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyπ:olidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, whereby l-(l,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)piperidin-4-one was substituted for l-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-
4-one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.79-1.85 (m, 2H), 2.03-2.18 (m, 3H),
2.40-2.47 (m, IH), 2.67 (t, J = 11.4 Hz , 2H), 3.13-3.21 (m, IH), 3.35-3.43 (m, 2H), 3.54-3.64 (m, 4H),
4.03 (s, 2H), 4.48-4.50 (m, IH), 5.86 (s, 2H) 6.42 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.4 Hz, IH), 6.62 (d, J = 2.4 Hz , IH),
6.69 (m, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.70 (t, J = 7.9 Hz , 2H), 7.87 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 8.15 (d, J = 8.1 Hz , IH),
8.21 (s, IH), 8.33 (s, 2H). MS m/z: 519 (M + 1)
[00188] N-(2-oxo-2-{[(3 R)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl)pyrroIidiii-3-yl]amino}ethyl)-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (30)
[00189] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridm-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, whereby tetrahydro-4H-thiopyran-4-one was substituted for l-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.57-1.67 (m, 3H), 2.02-2.21 (m, 4H), 2.34-2.52
(m, 3H), 2.56-2.71 (m, 4H), 2.78-2.85 (m, IH), 4.08 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 2H), 4.32-4.42 (m, IH), 7.11 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 7.47 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, IH), 7.68 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, IH), 7,82 (t, J = 4.8 Hz IH), 7.95 (d, J= 7.5 Hz,
IH), 8.05 (s, IH). MS m/z: 416 (M + 1).
[00190] N-{(3 R)-l-[l-(3-methylphenyl)piperidin-4-yI]pyrroKdin-3-yl}-2-[4-(trffluoromethyl)-lH- benzimidazol-2-yl]acetamide (31)
[00191] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[(3 R)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-[7-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]acetamide, substituting l-(3- methylphenyl)piperidin-4-one for tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR
(CD3OD) δ: 1.56-1.78 (m, 3H), 1.97-2.02 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.26 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.60-2.73 (m, 4H),
2.88 (m, IH), 2.98 (m, IH), 3.63-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 4.37 (m, IH), 6.66 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, IH), 6.77
(d, J = 8.1 Hz, IH), 6.80 (s, IH), 7.09 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, IH), 7.35 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.52 (d, J = 7.7 Hz,
IH), 7.78 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, IH)MS m/z: 487 (M + 1).
[00192] (R)-N-(l-(l-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yI)pyrroUdin-3-yl)-2-(7-(trifluoromethyl)-lH- benzo[d]imidazoI-2-yl)acetamide (32)
[00193] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[(3 R)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-[7-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]acetamide, substituting l-(4- fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-one for tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR
(CD3OD) δ: 1.62-1.78 (m, 3H), 2.00-2.04 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.31 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.72 (m, 4H), 2.87 (m, IH),
2.98 (m, IH), 3.54-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 4.37 (m, IH), 6.95-6.98 (m, 4H), 6.77 (t, J=7.8 Hz, IH),
7.53 (d, J=7.7 Hz, IH), 7.79 (d, J=8.1 Hz, IH). MS m/z: 490 (M + 1).
[00194] Benzyl 4-(4-{(3Λ)-3-[({[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetyl)amino]pyrrolidin-l- yl}piperidin-l-yl)benzoate (33)
[00195] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(4- cyanophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3 -yl } amino)-2-oxoethyl] -3 -(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, substituting benzyl 4-fluorobenzoate for 4-fluorobenzonitrile, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR
(CD3OD) δ: 1.45-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.80 (m, IH), 1.95-2.08 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.65 (m,
2H), 2.82-2.96 (m, 4H), 3.20-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.90-4.00 (m, 2H), 4.02 (s, 2H), 4.34-4.44 (m, IH), 5.30 (s,
2H), 6.95 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.30-7.46 (m, 5H), 7.68 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.82-7.90 (m, 3H), 8.13 (d, J =
7.8 Hz, IH), 8.21 (s, IH). MS m/z: 609 (M + 1).
[00196] Λ^-[2-({(3/?)-l-[l-(3-ethoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (34)
[00197] N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(3-ethoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzamide was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6-methoxypyridin-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl }amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, substituting 3- ethoxyaniline for 6-methoxypyridin-3-amine. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC. MS m/z: 519 (M + 1).
[00198] N-[2-({(3iϊ)-l-[l-(3-cliloro-4-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}aπiino)-2- oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (35)
[00199] N-[2-( { (3R)-l-[ 1 -(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl } amino)-2- oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, substituting 3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline for 6-methoxypyridin-3-amine. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC. MS m/z: 527 (M + 1)
[00200] iV-[2-({(3i?)-l-[(reZ-21S,45)-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3- yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide and iV-[2-({(3Λ)-l-[(re/-2i?,47?)-l-(4- fluorophenyl)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}ainino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzaniide (36) and (64)
[00201] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)~l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzarnide, whereby l-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methylpiperidin-4-one (prepared via the following protocol: To a stirred solution of 2-methyl-piperidine-4-one (0.136 g, 0.00120 mol) in methylene chloride (15 mL) was added
4-fluorobenzeneboronic acid (0.504 g, 0.00360 mol), triethylamine (1.675 mL, 0.01202 mol) and 4A molecular sieves. After 16h, the mixture was filtered through celite, concentrated and was purified by chromatography (Hexane:EtOAc = 3:1) to give 0.07 g of product as a colorless oil) was substituted for 1-
(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-one, and was isolated as two separate diastereomers white solids with undefined relative stereochemistry.
[00202] Isomer A: 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 0.89 (d, J = 6.10 Hz, 3H), 1.67 (q, J = 11.0 Hz, IH), 1.88-
2.16 (m, 4H), 2.38 (m, IH), 2.64-3.56 (m, 7H), 3.63 (m, IH), 4.14 (m, 2H), 4.71 (br, IH), 6.97 (m, 4H),
7.56 (m, 2H), 7.72 (d, J = 7.94 Hz, IH), 8.08 (d, J = 7.94 Hz IH), 8.40 (s, IH). MS m/z: 507 (M + 1)
[00203] Isomer B: 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 0.95 (d, J=6.71 Hz, 3H), 1.62-2.07 (m, 4H), 2.28- 2.82 (m,
6H), 2.89-3.14 (m, 2H), 3.27 (m, 2H), 4.11 (m, 2H>, 4.63 (br, IH), 6.82 (m, 2H), 6.92 (m, 2H), 7.29 (m,
IH), 7.56 (d, J = 7.93 Hz, IH), 7.76 (d, J=7.32 Hz, IH), 8.03 (d, / = 7.93 Hz IH), 8.14 (s, IH). MS m/z:
507 (M + 1)
[00204] N-{2-[((3S)-l-{l-[4-(morpholin-4-yIcarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3- yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (37)
[00205] The title compound was synthesized in a similar fashion to N-{2-[((3 R)-l-{ l-[4-(morpholin-
4-ylcarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzarnide, substituting (5)-Ν-(2-oxo-2-(pyrrolidin-3 -ylamino)ethyl)-3 -(trifluoromethyl)benzamide for (i?)-N-(2-oxo- 2-(pyrrolidin-3-ylamino)ethyl)-3-(txifluoromethyl)benzamide. 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.43-1.68 (m, 2H),
1.62-1.79 (m, IH), 1.94-2.00 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.98 (m, 4H), 3.35-
3.40 (m, 2H), 3.60-3.75 (m, 8H), 3.80-3.90 (m, 2H), 4.02 (s, 2H), 4.36-4.46 (m, IH), 6.99 (d, J = 8.4 Hz,
2H), 7.34 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.69 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.87 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 8.14 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH),
8.22 (s, IH). MS m/z: 588 (M + 1).
[00206] N-{2-oxo-2-[((32?)-l-{l-[4-(pyrroIidin-l-ylcarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3- yl)amino]ethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (38)
[00207] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N,N-dimethyl-4-(4-{(37?)-3-[({[3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl] amino } acetyl)amino]pyrrolidin- 1 -yl }piperidin- 1 -yl)benzamide, substitutingpyrrolidine for dimethylamine, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCI3) δ: 1.49-
1.72 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.87 (m, 6H), 2.21-2.27 (m, 2H), 2.34-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.61-2.80 (m, 4H), 2.96-3.03 (m,
IH), 3.42-3.56 (m, 4H), 3.65-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.96-4.11 (m, 2H), 4.42-4.44 (m, IH), 6.68 (d, J = 8.7 Hz,
2H), 7.14 (d, J = 7.5 Hz , 2H), 7.38 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, IH), 7.44-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.68 (d, J = 7.5Hz, IH), 7.96
(d, J = 7.8Hz, IH), 8.06 (s, IH). MS m/z: 572 (M + 1).
[00208] N-benzyl-4-{(3 R)-3-[({[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetyl)amino]pyrrolidin-l- yl}piperidine-l-carboxamide (39)
[00209] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to 2-chlorobenzyl 4-{(37?)-3-[({[3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl] amino } acetyl)amino]pyrrolidin-l -yl Jpiperidine- 1 -carboxylate, substituting
(isocyanatomethyl)benzene for 2-chlorobenzyl chloridocarbonate, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-
NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.34-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.74 (m, IH), 1.74-1.79 (m, 2H), 2.14-2.24 (m, 2H), 2.38 (q, J
= 7.5 Hz , IH), 2.61-2.71 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.82 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.94 (m, IH), 3.83 (d, 7 = 13.5 Hz , 2H), 4.01-
4.04 (m, 2H), 4.32 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 2H), 4.35-4.39 (m, IH), 4.90 (d, J = 11.4 Hz , IH) 6.97 (d, J = 7.5 Hz ,
IH), 7.15-7.27 (m, 5H), 7.47 (t, J = 8.1 Hz , IH), 7.54 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, IH), 7.67 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.94
(d, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 8.04 (s, IH). MS m/z: 532 (M + 1).
[00210] N-{(32?)-l-[l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)- lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]acetamide (40)
[00211] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[(3 R)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-[7-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]acetamide, substituting l-(4- methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-one for tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H -
ΝMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.58-1.78 (m, 3H), 1.97-2.02 (m, 2H), 2.16-2.30 (m, 2H), 2.59-2.67 (m, 4H), 2.86(m,
IH), 2.96(m, IH), 3.45-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.73(s, 3H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 4.37 (m, IH), 6.82 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 2H),
6.94 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (t, / = 7.2 Hz, IH), 7.52 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, IH), 7.78 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, IH). MS m/z: 502 (M + 1). [00212] N-[2-oxo-2-({(3JR)-l-[l-(3-phenylpropanoyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidm-3-yl}amino)ethyl]- 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (41)
[00213] In a round-bottom flask, a slurry of N-{2-oxo-2-[((3 R)-l-{ l-[(2£)-3-phenylprop-2- enoyl]piperidm-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino]ethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (30 mg, 0.057 mmol) and Palladium (10%) on Carbon (10 mg) in MeOH was purged with hydrogen gas for 2 min.; the reaction was then subjected to 1 atm of hydrogen gas overnight. The flask was purged with Argon, then the mixture was filtered, concentrated and subjected to flash chromatography (ethyl acetate) to afford N-[2- oxo-2-( { (3 R)-l -[ 1 -(3-phenylpropanoyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrroHdm-3-yl } amino)ethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl) benzamide (16 mg, 53%) as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.43-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.94 (m, 3H), 2.28-2.37 (m, IH), 2.56-2.69 (m, 5H), 2.78-2.84 (m, IH), 2.90-2.97 (m, 4H), 3.12-3.24(m, IH), 3.78 (d, J = 13.5 Hz, IH), 4.02-4.20 (m, 2H), 4.53-4.55 (m, 2H), 7.17-7.29 (m, 5H), 7.40 (b, IH), 7.54 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.73 (t, / = 8.1 Hz, IH), 8.04 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 8.12 (s, IH). MS m/z: 531 (M + 1). [00214] Methyl 4-(4-{(32?)-3-[({[3-(trifluoromethyI)benzoyl]amino}acetyl)amino]pyrrolidin-l- yl}piperidin-l-yl)benzoate (42)
[00215] To a solution of N-(2-oxo-2-{[(3R)-l-ρiρeridin-4-ylpyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}ethyl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide (50 mg, 0.125 mmol), cesium carbonate (57 mg, 0.176 mmol), Pd2(dba)3 (11 mg, 1.2 μmol), BIΝAP (7.8 mg, 1.2 μmol) in toluene was added methyl 4-bromobenzoate (32.4 mg, 0.150 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 100 0C for 3 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, to which was added NaHCO3 (sat. aq., 10 mL) and dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was washed with an addition portion of dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting crude product was subjected to flash chromatography (15% MeOH, 1% NH4OH in EtOAc) to afford methyl 4-(4-{(3 R)-3-[({[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetyl)amino]pyrrolidin-l-yl}piperidin-l- yl)benzoate(57 mg, 85%) as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.46-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.84-1.98 (m, 2H), 2.17-2.42 (m, 3H), 2.60-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.99 (m, 3H), 3.74-3.84 (m, 2H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 4.04-4.11 (m, 2H), 4.39-4.50 (m, IH), 6.50 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 6.83 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.20-7.26 (m, IH), 7.54 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 7.73 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.88 (d, / = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.96 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 8.07 (s, IH). MS m/z: 533 (M + 1).
[00216] N-{2-[((3«)-l-{l-[4-(lH-iinidazol-l-yl)phenyl]piperiditt-4-yl}pyrroUdm-3-yl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (43)
[00217] N-{2-[((3 R)-l-{ l-[4-(lH-imidazol-l-yl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6-methoxypyridin-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, substituting 4-(1H- imidazol-l-yl)aniline for 6-methoxypyridin-3-amine. The crude product was purified by preparative
HPLC. MS m/z: 541 (M + 1).
[00218] N^V-diethyl-4-(4-{(3Λ)-3-[({[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetyl)amino] pyrrolidin-l-yl}piperidin-l-yl)benzamide (44)
[00219] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N,N-dimethyl-4-(4~{(3R)-3-[({ [3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl] amino } acetyl)amino]pyrrolidin- 1 -yl }piperidin-l -yl)benzamide, substituting diethylamine for dimethylamine, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.14-1.28 (m,
6H), 1.50-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.80 (m, IH), 1.94-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.52-2.68 (3H), 2.71-
2.97 (m, 5H), 3.30-3.54 (m, 4H), 3.74-3.87 (m, 2H), 4.03 (s, 2H), 4.35-4.48 (m, IH), 6.99 (d, / = 8.7 Hz,
2H), 7.27 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.69 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.86 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, IH), 8.14 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH),
8.22 (s, IH). MS m/z: 575 (M + 1).
[00220] iV-[2-({(3i?)-l-[l-(4-morpholin-4-ylphenyl)piperidiii-4-yI]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2- oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (45)
[00221] N-[2-({(37?)-l-[l-(4-morpholin-4-ylphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2- oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridm-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidm-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, substituting 4-morpholin-4-ylaniline for 6-methoxypyridin-3-amine. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLCMS m/z: 560 (M + 1).
[00222] N-(2-{[(3 R)-l-(2-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}-2-oxoethyl)-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzainide (46)
[00223] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidm-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, whereby 2-methyltetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one (prepared according to WO2004041161) was substituted for l-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.57-
2.06 (m, 8H), 2.34 (m, IH), 2.65 (m, IH), 2.92 (m, 2H), 3.26-3.89 (m, 5H), 4.09 (m, IH), 4.69 (br, IH),
7.54 (m, IH), 7.71 (d, J = 7.93 Hz, IH), 7.88 (m, IH), 8.04 (d, J = 7.93 Hz IH), 8.13 (s, IH). MS m/z:
414 (M + 1).
[00224] 3-fluoro-N-[2-({(3JR)-l-[l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrroIidin-3-yl}amino)-2- oxoethyl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (47)
[00225] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to 3,4-Dichloro-N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(4- methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl }amino)-2-oxoethyl]benzamide, substituting 3-fluoro-5-
(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride for 3,4-dichlorobenzoylchloride, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-
ΝMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.93-2.14 (m, 5H), 2.40 (m, IH), 2.61-2.86 (m, 4H), 2.99 (m, IH), 3.49 (m, IH), 3.56- 3.64 (m, 3H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 4.13 (m, 2H), 4.80 (m, IH), 6.81 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 2H), 6.88 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 2H),
7.36 (m, IH), 7.61 (m, IH), 7.77 (m, IH), 7.90 (s, IH), 9.34 (b, IH). MS m/z: 523 (M + 1).
[00226] N-(2-{[(3JR)-l-(3-allyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrroKdm-3-yI]amino}-2-oxoethyl)-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (48)
[00227] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, whereby 3-allyltetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one (prepared according to WO2004041161-A2) was substituted for l-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ:
1.46-1.64 (m, 4H), 2.17-2.29 (m, 5H), 2.53-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.82 (m, IH), 3.21-3.33 (m, 2H), 3.80-
3.91 (m, 2H), 4.07 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 4.39-4.41 (m, IH), 4.90-5.02 (m, 2H), 5.59-5.74 (m, IH), 6.96-
7.04 (m, IH), 7.45-7.50 (m, IH), 7.68 (d, J= 7.5 Hz , IH), 7.71-7.75 (m, IH), 7.95 (d, 7 = 7.5 Hz, IH),
8.05 (s, IH). MS m/z: 440 (M + 1).
[00228] N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(3,5-dimethylisoxazoI-4-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2- oxoethyI]-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzamide (49)
[00229] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to 3,4-dichloro-N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(4- methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]benzamide, substituting 3-
(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl chloride for 3,4-dichlorobenzoylchloride, and l-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4- yl)piperidin-4-one for l-(4-rnethoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR
(CDCl3) δ: 1.45-1.71 (m, 3H), 1.84 (m, 2H), 2.09 (m, IH), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.23-2.41 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H),
2.68 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 2.79-2.98 (m, 6H), 4.09 (m, 2H), 4.43 (br, IH), 6.95 (m, IH), 7.32 (m, IH), 7.43
(t, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.53 (m, IH), 7.71 (m, 1H).MS m/z: 510 (M + 1).
[00230] N-[2-({(3Λ)-l-[l-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2- oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (50)
[00231] N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2- oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide,
3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-amine was substituted for 6-methoxypyridin-3-amine. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC. MS m/z: 494 (M + 1).
[00232] N-{2-[((3Λ)-l-{l-[4-(acetylamino)-3-methylphenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrroIidin-3- yI)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (51)
[00233] N-{2-[((3 R)4-{ l-[4-(acetylarnino)-3-methylphenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, substituting N-(4-amino-2-methylphenyl)acetamide for 6-methoxypyridin-3-amine. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC. MS m/z: 546 (M + 1).
[00234] N-[2-({(3JR)-l-[l-(3-methylphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyI]-3-
(trifluoromethoxy)benzamide (52)
[00235] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to 3,4-dichloro-N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(4- methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-y l]pyrrolidin-3 -yl } amino)-2-oxoethyl]benzamide, substituting 3 -
(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl chloride for 3,4-dichlorobenzoylchloride, and l-(3-methylphenyl)piperidin-4- one for l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ:
1.54-1.72 (m, 3H), 1.87-2.02 (m, 2H), 2.08-2.19 (m, 4H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.59-2.81 (m, 4H), 3.00 (m, IH),
3.62 (m, 2H), 4.09 (m, 2H), 4.47 (m, IH), 6.64 (d, J=7.2 Hz, IH), 6.68-6.81 (m, 3H), 7.12 (t, J=7.8 Hz,
IH), 7.26 (m, IH), 7.35 (m, IH), 7.45 (t, J=7.8 Hz, IH), 7.71 (m, IH). MS m/z: 505 (M + 1).
[00236] N-{(3if)-l-[l-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}-2-[4-
(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yI]acetamide (53)
[00237] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[(3 R)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-[7-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]acetamide, substituting l-(3,5- dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)piperidin-4-one for 1 tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one, and was isolated as a white solid.
1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.53-1.64 (m, 2H), 1.77 (m, IH), 1.93-1.98 (m, 2H), 2.19 (s, 3 H), 2.13-2.30 (m,
2H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.56-2.69 (m, 2H), 2.80-3.00 (m, 6H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 4.36 (m, IH), 6.91 (d, J = 9.0 Hz,
2H), 7.33 (t, J = 8.3 Hz, IH), 7.51 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, IH), 7.77 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.84 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 2H).
MS m/z: 491 (M + 1).
[00238] 4-fluoro-iV-[2-({(3i?)-l-[l-(3"methylphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}aπiino)-2- oxoethyI]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (54)
[00239] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to 3,4-dichloro-N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(4- methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl } amino)-2-oxoethyl]benzamide, substituting 4-fluoro-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride for 3,4-dichlorobenzoylchloride, and l-(3-methylphenyl)piperidin-4- one for l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ:
1.68-1.81 (m, 3H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.34 (m, 2H), 2.49 (m, IH), 2.64-2.75 (m, 3H), 3.01 (m,
IH), 3.20 (m, IH), 3.64-3.68 (m, 2H), 4.08 (m, 2H), 4.58 (m, IH), 6.66 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, IH), 6.71 (d, J =
7.5 Hz, IH), 6.73 (s, IH), 7.12 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, IH), 7.22 (m, IH), 7.45 (m, IH), 7.61 (m, IH), 8.05 (m,
IH), 8.13 (m, IH). MS m/z: 507 (M + 1).
[00240] N-{2-[((3 R)-l-{l-[3-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyI)benzamide (55) [00241] N-{2-[((3R)-l-{l-[3-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino]-2- oxoethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(32?)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, 3- (methylsulfanyl)aniline was substituted for 6-methoxypyridin-3-amine. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC. MS m/z: 521 (M + 1).
[00242] N-{2-oxo-2-[((3 R)-l-{l-[4-(pipericlin-l-ylcarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3- yl)amino]ethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (56)
[00243] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N,N-dimethyl-4-(4-{ (3 R)-3-[({ [3- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetyl)arriino]pyrrolidin-l-yl}piperidin-l-yl)berizamide, substituting piperdine for dimethylamine, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.51-1.82 (m, 10H), 1.89-1.91 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.28 (m, IH), 2.47-2.56 (m, IH), 2.59-2.72 (m, 3H), 2.83-2.86 (m, IH), 2.96- 2.99 (m, IH), 3.14-3.21 (m, IH), 3.46 (b, IH), 3.64-3.68 (m, 4H), 3.94-4.11 (m, 2H), 4.43-4.46 (m, IH), 6.77 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.4 Hz , 2H), 7.46 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.59 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 7.65 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, IH), 7.76-7.80 (m, IH), 8.00 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 8.09 (s, IH). MS m/z: 586 (M + 1) [00244] Methyl 2-(4-{(3/?)-3-[({[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetyl)amino]pyrrolidin-l- yl}piperidin-l-yl)benzoate (57)
[00245] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to methyl 4-(4-{(37?)-3-[({[3- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl] amino } acetyl)amino]pyrrolidin-l -yl }piperidin- 1 -yl)benzoate, substituting methyl 2-bromobenzoate for methyl 4-bromobenzoate, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.80-2.01 (m, 3H), 2.25-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.51-3.00 (m, 6H), 3.25-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.31-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 4.05-4.40 (m, 2H), 4.60-4.75 (m, IH), 6.98-7.20 (m, IH), 7. 20-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.60 (m, IH), 7.70 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 7.98-8.10 (m, IH), 8.16 (s, IH), 8.18-8.30 (m, IH). MS m/z: 533 (M + 1).
[00246] N-[2-({(3JR)-l-[l-(3-methylphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide (58)
[00247] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethylJ-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, whereby l-(3-methylρhenyl)piρeridin-4-one was substituted for l-(6-methoxyρyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4- one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.77-1.87 (m, 2H), 2.04-2.19 (m, 3H), 2.40- 2.47 (m, IH), 2.74(t, J = 12.7 Hz , 2H), 3.16-3.24 (m, IH), 3.34-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.54-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.77 (t, / = 12.9 Hz, 2H), 4.03 (s, 2H), 4.48-4.52 (m, IH), 6.68 (d, J = 7.5 Hz , IH), 6.75-6.80 (m, 2H), 7.10 (t, J = 7.9 Hz , IH), 7.11 (t, J = 7.9 Hz , IH ), 7.69 (t, J = 7.9 Hz , 2H), 7.87 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, IH), 8.15 (d, J = 7.8 Hz , IH), 8.22 (s, IH), 8.36 (s, IH). MS m/z: 489 (M + 1). [00248] N-[2-({(3jR)-l-[l-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxopiperidin-4-yI]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2- oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (59)
[00249] To a solution of N-but-3-en-l-yl-4-methoxyaniline (340 mg, 1.92 mmol) in methylene chloride (5 mL) was added K2CO3 (530 mg, 3.80 mmol) and acryloyl chloride (234 μL, 2.88 mmol) at 0° C. After 15 min., the reaction was quenched with ΝaHCO3 (2 mL, sat. aq.) and the organic layer was isolated, concentrated and subjected to flash chromatography (Hexanes:EtOAc 4: 1) to yield N-but-3-en-l- yl-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylamide (395 mg, 89%).
[00250] To a solution of N-but-3-en-l-yl-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylamide (180 mg, 0.78 mmol) in degassed methylene chloride (200 mL) was added Grubbs catalyst (32 mg, 0.039 mmol) and the mixture was heated to 40 0C overnight. AU volatiles were removed and the resulting material was subjected to flash chromatography (Hexanes:EtOAc 1:1) to yield l-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,6-dihydropyridin-2(lH)-one (158 mg, 98%).
[00251] A slurry of water (19 μL, 0.10 mmol), l-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,6-dihydropyridin-2(lH)-one (42 mg, 0.207 mmol) and N-{2-oxo-2-[(3 R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamino]ethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (130 mg, 0.41 mmol) was heated to 90 0C overnight. The crude mixture was subjected to flash chromatography (1% NH4OH, 15% MeOH, EtOAc) to yield the title compound as a white solid (57 mg, 53%). 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.70-1.82 (m, IH), 1.83-2.00 (m, IH), 2.15-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.58 (m, IH), 2.56-2.81 (m, 4H), 2.83-3.00 (m, 2H), 3.29-3.33 (m, 2H), 3.60-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 4.04 (s, 2H), 4.38-4.47 (m, IH), 6.94 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (d, / = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.69 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.86 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 8.14 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 8.22 (s, IH). MS m/z: 519 (M + 1>. [00252] Scheme 3:
Figure imgf000067_0001
[00253] Methyl-4-[4-((3i?)-3-{[(2-oxo-2-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}ethyl)amino] carbonyl}pyrrolidin-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl]benzoate (60)
[00254] To a solution of (RH-ftert-butoxycarbonytypyrrolidme-S-carboxylic acid (0.128 g, 0.597 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (2 mL), was added 2-amino-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide hydrochloride (0.150g, 0.597mmol), EDCI (0.171g, 0.895mmol), HOBt (0.121g, 0.895mmol) and DIEPA (0.207mL, 1.194mmol). After overnight, the mixture was washed with NaHCO3 (sat. aq.), the organic phase was dried over MgSO4, concentrated, and subjected to flash chormatography (EtOAc) to generate tert-butyl (3 R)-3-{[(2-oxo-2-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}ethyl)amino] carbonyljpyrrolidine-l-carboxylate
(70%).
[00255] To a solution of tert-bυtyl (3Λ)-3-{ [(2-oxo-2-{ [3-
(trifluoromethy^phenyljaminojethyyaminojcarbonyljpyrrolidine-l-carboxylate (0.17Og, 0.41 mmol) in dioxane (0.5 mL), was added 4M HCl/dioxane (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at RT for 2h. The mixture was concentrated, and (3 R)-N-(2-oxo-2-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}ethyl)pyrrolidine-3- carboxamide hydrochloride was obtained as a white solid and was used in the next step without further purification.
[00256] To a solution of (3 R)-N-(2-oxo-2-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}ethyl)ρyrrolidine-3- carboxamide hydrochloride (130 mg, 0.370 mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) was added methyl 4-(4- oxopiperidin-l-yl)benzoate (95 mg, 0.407 mmol) and NaBH3CN (70 mg, 1.11 mmol). After overnight, the mixture was washed with EtOAc and NaHCO3 (sat. aq.), the organic phase was dried over MgSO4, concentrated, and subjected to flash chromatography (EtOAc) to generate the title compound as a white solid (45% yield, 2 steps). 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.55-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.85-2.06 (m, 3H), 2.10-2.22 (m, IH),
2.24-2.40 (m, IH), 2.42-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.81-3.02 (m, 5H), 3.65-3.85 (m, 5H), 4.05-4.20 (m, 2H), 6.81 (d, J
= 8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.20-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.65-8.00 (m, 5H), 9.57 (s, IH). MS m/z: 533 (M + 1)
[00257] N-(2-oxo-2-{[(3S)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrroIidin-3-yl]amino}ethyI)-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (61)
[00258] The title compound was synthesized in a similar fashion to N-(2-oxo-2-{[(3 R)-l-(tetrahydro-
2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl] amino } ethyl)-3 -(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, substituting (5)-Ν-(2-oxo-2-
(pyrrolidin-3-ylamino)ethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide for (/?)-N-(2-oxo-2-(pyrrolidin-3- ylamino)ethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.69-1.77 (m, 2H), 2.01-2.09 (m,
3H), 2.39-2.46 (m, IH), 3.24-3.44 (m, 5H), 3.51-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.96-4.09 (m, 4H), 4.50-4.53 (m, IH),
7.70 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, IH), 7.87 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 8.15 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, IH), 8.21 (s, IH), 8.34 (s, IH). MS m/z: 400 (M + 1).
[00259] N-[2-({(3i?)-l-[l-(3,5-dimethyIphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrroUdin-3-yI}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-
3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (62)
[00260] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(37?)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, 1-
(3,5-dimethylphenyl)piperidin-4-one was substituted for l-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.73-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.99-2.17 (m, 3H), 2.23 (s, 6H),
2.37-2.44 (m, IH), 2.72 (t, J = 11.8 Hz , 2H), 3.01-3.09 (m, IH), 3.21-3.27 (m, 2H), 3.43-3.53 (m, 2H), 3.74 (d, J = 13.2 Hz , 2H ), 4.03 (s, 2H), 4.45-4.50 (m, IH), 6.52 (s, IH), 6.69 (s, 2H), 7.69 (t, J = 7.9 Hz
, 2H), 7.86 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, IH), 8.14 (d, J = 7.5 Hz , IH), 8.21 (s, IH), 8.43 (s, IH). MS m/z: 503 (M + 1)
[00261] N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yI}amino)-2- oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (63)
[00262] N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2- oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoroniethyl)benzamide, substituting 3-chloro-4-methylaniline for 6-methoxypyridin-3-amine. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC. MS m/z: 524 (M + 1).
[00263] Methyl4-{4-[(3R)-3-({[4-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2- yl]acetyl}amino)pyrrolidin-l-yl]piperidin-l-yl}benzoate (65)
[00264] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[(3R)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-[7-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]acetarαide, substituting methyl 4-(4- oxopiperidin-l-yl)benzoate for tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR
(CD3OD) δ: 1.51-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.74 (m, IH), 1.92-2.00 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.30 (m, 2H), 2.57-2.63 (m, 2H),
2.81-2.93 (m, 4H), 3.83(s, 3H), 3.86-3.89 (m, 2H), 3.91 (s, 2H), 4.34 (m, IH), 6.91 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H),
7.33 (t, / = 8.3 Hz, IH), 7.51 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, IH), 7.77 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.84 (d, / = 9.3 Hz, 2H)' MS m/z: 530 (M + 1).
[00265] N-((3R)-l-{l-[4-(morphoIin-4-ylcarbonyl)phenyI]piperidin-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-[4-
(trifluoromethyI)-lH-benzimidazoI-2-yl]acetamide (66)
[00266] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[(3 R)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-[7-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]acetamide, substituting l-[4-(morpholin-
4-ylcarbonyl)phenyi]piperidin-4-one for tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one, and was isolated as a white solid.
1H-NMR (CD3OD) 6: 1.50-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.75 (m, IH), 1.96-2.00 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.31 (m, 2H), 2.57-2.64
(m, 2H), 2.75-2.83 (m, 3H), 2.95 (m, IH), 3.60-3.70 (m, 8H), 3.79-3.83 (m, 2H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 4.34 (m,
IH), 6.97 (d, J = 8.56 Hz, 2H), 7.31-7.36 (m, 3H), 7.51 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, IH), 7.77 (d, J = 7.71 Hz, IH).
MS m/z: 585 (M + 1).
[00267] N-(2-oxo-2-{[(3iR)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyraii-4-yl)pyrroUdm-3-yl]amino}ethyl)-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzainide (67)
[00268] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(37?)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyπ"θlidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, whereby tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one was substituted for l-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-one, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.69-1.77 (m, 2H), 2.01-2.09 (m, 3H), 2.39-2.46 (m, IH), 3.24-3.44 (m, 5H), 3.51-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.96-4.09 (m, 4H), 4.50-4.53 (m, IH), 7.70 (t, / = 7.9 Hz,
IH), 7.87 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 8.15 (d, /= 8.4Hz, IH), 8.21 (s, IH), 8.34 (s, IH). MS nVz: 400 (M + 1).
[00269] 3-chIoro-N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrroIidin-3-yl}amino)-2- oxoethyl]benzamide (68)
[00270] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to 3,4-Dichloro-N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(4- methoxyphenyl)ρiρeridin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]benzamide, substituting 3- chlorobenzoylchloride for 3,4-dichlorobenzoylchloride, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR
(CDCl3) δ: 1.63-1.64 (m, 3H), 1.86-1.90 (m, 2H), 2.01-2.44 (m, 3H), 2.56-2.74 (m, 4H), 2.92-3.00 (m,
IH), 3.43 (d, J = 11.1 Hz, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 4.04 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 2H), 4.43 (b, IH), 6.55 (d, J = 6.0 Hz,
IH), 6.74-6.85 (m, 4H), 7.06 (b, IH), 7.30 (t, / = 8.5 Hz, IH), 7.42 (d, / = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (d, / = 8.1
Hz, IH), 7.27 (s, IH). MS m/z: 471 (M + 1).
[00271] N-[2-({(3/f)-l-[l-(4-{[(2JR,65)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]carbonyI}phenyl) piperidin-4- yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyI]-3-(trifluoromethyI) benzamide (69)
[00272] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N,N-dimethyl-4-(4-{(3 R)-3-[({[3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl] amino } acetyl)amino]ρyrrolidin- 1 -yl }piρeridin- 1 -yl)benzamide, substituting
(2/?,6S)-2,6-Dimethyl-morpholine for dimethylamine, and was isolated as a white solid 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.13 (b, 6H), 1.52-1.66 (m, 4H), 1.85-1.90 (m, 2H), 2.12-2.24 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.42 (m, IH), 2.57-2.62
(m, 2H), 2.70-2.85 (m, 6H), 3.56 (b, 2H), 3.66-3.70 (m, 2H), 4.07 (d, J= 5.1 Hz, 2H), 4.35-4.41 (m, IH),
6.83 (d, / = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (d, J = 9.0 Hz , 2H), 7.48 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, IH), 7.69 (d, J = 7.5Hz, IH), 7.94-
7.99 (m, IH), 8.09 (s, IH). MS m/z: 616 (M + 1).
[00273] N-[2-({(35)-l-[l-(3,5-dimethyIisoxazol-4-yI)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2- oxoethyI]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (70)
[00274] The title compound was synthesized in a similar manner as N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(3,5- dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, substituting (S)-Ν-(2-oxo-2-(pyrrolidin-3-ylamino)ethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide for (/?)-N-(2-oxo-
2-(pyrrolidin-3-ylamino)ethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide MS m/z: 494 (M + 1).
[00275] iV-{2-[((3Λ)-l-{l-[4-(morphoIin-4-ylcarbonyI)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3- yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyI)benzamide (71)
[00276] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N,N-dimethyl-4-(4-{(3 R)-3-[({[3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzoy 1] amino } ace tyl)amino]pyrrolidin- 1 -yl } piperidin- 1 -y l)benzamide, substituting morpholine for dimethylamine, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.43-1.68 (m,
2H), 1.62-1.79 (m, IH), 1.94-2.00 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.68 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.98 (m, 4H),
3.35-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.60-3.75 (m, 8H), 3.80-3.90 (m, 2H), 4.02 (s, 2H), 4.36-4.46 (m, IH), 6.99 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.69 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.87 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 8.14 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 8.22 (s, IH). MS m/z: 588 (M + 1).
[00277] N-(2-oxo-2-{[(3 R)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrroIidin-3-yl]amino}ethyl)-3- (trifluoromethoxy)benzamide (72)
[00278] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to 3,4-dichloro-N-[2-({(3R)-l-[l-(4- methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl } amino)-2-oxoethyl]benzamide, substituting 3-
(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl chloride for 3,4-dichlorobenzoylchloride, as well as 2-amino-N-[(3R)-l- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]acetamide for 2-amino-N-{(3R)-l-[l-(4- methoxyphenyl)piperidm-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}acetamide, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.40-1.78 (m, 5H), 2.12-2.36 (m, 3H), 2.62 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (m, IH), 2.94 (m, IH), 3.33 (m, 2H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 4.06 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 2H)5 4.39 (m, IH), 7.16 (d, J=7.8 Hz, IH), 7.30 (m, IH), 7.40 (t, J=8.0 Hz, IH), 7.70 (m, IH). MS m/z: 416 (M + 1).
[00279] 3,4-Dichloro-iV-[2-({(3i?)-l-[l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidiii-4-yI]pyrrolidin-3-yl}ainino)- 2-oxoethyl]benzamide (73)
[00280] To a solution of l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-one (5.65 g, 27.6 mmol) and (R)-tert-butyl pyrrolidm-3-ylcarbamate (5.65 g, 30.3 mmol) in MeOH (200 mL) was added STAB (10.49 g, 49.5 mmol) in small portions. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight, then was concentrated to 1/10 of the original volume. NaOH (100 mL, IN aqueous) and CH2Cl2 (100 mL) were added and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Mg2SO4, filtered and concentrated. Upon the addition of ether, tert- butyl {(3 R)-l-[l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}carbamate (6.98 g, yield 67.5 %) precipitated as a white solid. The resulting solid was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (50 mL) to which was added 4N HCl/dioxane (50 mL). After 2h at room temperature, ether was added until (3R)-l-[l-(4- methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-amine precipitated (as the HCl salt) from the solution, and was collected by filtration as a white solid (6.40 g, 52% over 2 steps).
[00281] To a solution of (3 R)-l-[l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-amine (HCl salt, 1.2 g, 3.13 mmol), [(terf-butoxycarbonyl)amino]acetic acid (727 mg, 4.15 mmol) in 40 mL pyridine was added EDC (1.06 g, 5.5 mmol). After 16 hours at room temperature, water (10 mL) and CH2Cl2 (10 mL) were added and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Mg2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude mixture was subjected to flash chromatography to afford te/t-butyl [2-( ((3R)-I-[I -(4- methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl] carbamate (812 mg, 62%). To a solution of tert-hxAyl [2-({(3R)-l-[l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2- oxoethyl]carbamate (1.0Og, 2.31 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) was added 4N HCI/dioxane (10 mL). After 2 hours, ether was added and 2-amino-N-{(3R)-l-[l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3- yljacetamide (1.02 g, quant.) [00282] To a solution of 2-amino-N-{(3 R)-l-[l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3- yljacetamide (60 mg, 0.136 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (3 mL) was added triethylamine (68 mL, 0.49 mmol). The mixture was cooled to 0 0C then was added 3,4-dichlorobenzoylchloride (43 mg, 0.204 mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature, stirred for 2 hours, then was added ΝaHCC>3 (sat. aq., 10 mL) and dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was washed with an addition portion of dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting crude product was subjected to flash chromatography (15% MeOH, 1% NH4OH in EtOAc) to afford 3,4-dichloro-N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(4- methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]benzamide (58 mg, 85%) as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.59-1.69 (m, 3H), 1.88-1.92 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.42 (m, 3H), 2.56-2.65 (m, 3H), 2.79 (d, J = 9.9 Hz, IH), 3.00-3.05 (m, IH), 3.42-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.93-4.09 (m, 2H), 4.42-4.47 (m, IH), 6.59-6.61 (m, IH), 6.74-6.85 (m, 4H), 7.10-7.12 (m, IH), 7.44 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, IH), 7.60 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.4 Hz, IH), 7.89 (s, IH). MS m/z: 505 (M + 1).
[00283] N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(2-methylphenyI)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}ainino)-2-oxoethyl]-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide (74)
[00284] N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(2-methylphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide was synthesized in similar fashion to N-[2-({(3 R)-l-[l-(6-methoxypyridin-3- yl)piρeridin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, substituting l-(2- methylphenyl)piperidin-4-one for 6-methoxypyridin-3-amine. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC. MS m/z: 489 (M + 1).
[00285] N-(2-oxo-2-{[(3 R)-l-(2-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}ethyl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide (75)
[00286] To a solution of N-{2-oxo-2-[(3 R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamino]ethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (100 mg, 0.32 mmol), 4-bromo-2-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran (92 mg, 0.38 mmol, prepared according to Org. Let. 2003, 1979-1982) in DMF (3 mL) was added cesium carbonate (156 mg, 0.48 mmol) and the mixture was heated to 60 0C overnight. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, and NaHCO3 (sat. aq., 10 mL) and dichloromethane (10 mL) were added. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was washed with an addition portion of dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting crude product was subjected to preparative HPLC to afford, as a mixture of diastereomers, N-(2-oxo-2-{[(3 R)-l-(2-phenyltetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}ethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide as a white solid.1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.42-1.71 (m, 2H), 1.93-1.99 (m, 2H), 2.15-2.20 (m, 2H), 2.15-2.20 (m, IH), 2.59-2.72 (m, IH), 3.53- 3.61 (m, 2H), 3.87-3.99 (m, 2H), 4.09- 4.19 (m, 3H), 4.29-4.32 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.33 (m, 5H), 7.55-7.58 ( m, IH), 7.73-7.75 (m, IH), 8.00-8.03 (m, IH), 8.08-8.11 (m, IH). MS m/z: 476 (M + 1). Table 1: Exemplary Compounds
Figure imgf000073_0001
Figure imgf000073_0002
Figure imgf000073_0003
Figure imgf000074_0001
Figure imgf000074_0002
10
Figure imgf000074_0003
11 12
Figure imgf000074_0004
14
Figure imgf000075_0001
15 16
Figure imgf000075_0002
17 18
Figure imgf000075_0003
19 20
Figure imgf000075_0004
21 22
Figure imgf000076_0001
23 24
Figure imgf000076_0002
25 26
Figure imgf000076_0003
27 28
Figure imgf000077_0001
29 30
Figure imgf000077_0002
31 32
Figure imgf000077_0003
33
Figure imgf000078_0001
35 36
Figure imgf000078_0002
37 38
Figure imgf000078_0003
39 40
Figure imgf000078_0004
41
Figure imgf000079_0001
43 44
Figure imgf000079_0002
45 46
Figure imgf000079_0003
47 48
Figure imgf000080_0001
49 50
Figure imgf000080_0002
51 52
Figure imgf000080_0003
53 54
Figure imgf000081_0001
55 56
Figure imgf000081_0002
57 58
Figure imgf000081_0003
59 60
Figure imgf000081_0004
62
Figure imgf000082_0001
Figure imgf000083_0001
69 70
Figure imgf000083_0002
71 72
Figure imgf000083_0003
73 74
Figure imgf000084_0001
75
[00287] Scheme 4:
Figure imgf000085_0001
[00288] Scheme 5:
Figure imgf000085_0002
Figure imgf000085_0003
[00289] rel-N-[2-({(3Λ,4R)-4-hydroxy-l-[l-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3- yl}amino)-2-oxoethyI]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (76)
[00290] To a solution of rαc-N-(2-{[(3 R,4R)-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}-2-oxoethyl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide (50 mg, 0.152 mmol; prepared according to WO2004/050024A2), l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-one (31 mg, 0.151 mmol) in methanol (4 mL) was. added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (37 mg, 1.74 mmol) and stirred overnight. To the mixture was added NaHCO3 (sat. aq., 10 mL) and dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was washed with an addition portion of dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting crude product was subjected to flash chromatography (15% MeOH, 1% NH4OH in EtOAc) to afford N-[2-({(35,45)-4-hydroxy-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (73 mg, 93%) as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.56-1.70 (m, IH), 1.95-2.06 (m, IH), 2.20-2.30 (m, IH), 2.54-2.75 (m, 5H), 3.05-3.14 (m, 3H), 3.30-3.37 (m, 3H), 3.45-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.86 (s, 3H), 4.03- 4.09 (m, 2H), 4.10-4.20 (m, 2H), 6.70-6.76 (m, IH), 7.40-7.50 (m, IH), 7.69 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.70-7.78 (m, IH), 7.86 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 8.14 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 8.21 (s, IH). MS m/z: 522 (M + 1). [00291] rel-N-(2-oxo-2-{[(3JR,4Λ)-4-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)pyrrolidin-3-yI]amino}ethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (77)
[00292] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to rel-N-(2-{[(3 R,4R)-4-(allyloxy)-l- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}-2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, 2-
(bromomethyl)pyridine was substituted for allyl bromide and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (MeOD) δ: 1.54 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 2H), 2.51 (m, IH), 2.69 (m, IH), 2.92 (m, IH), 3.14 (m, IH), 3.21 (m, IH), 3.40 (m, 2H), 3.96 (m, 2H), 4.06 (s, 2H), 4.07 (m, IH), 4.44 (m, IH), 4.72 (m, 2H), 7.33 (m, IH), 7.55 (d, / = 7.7 Hz, IH), 7.70 (t, J = 1.1 Hz, IH), 7.81-7.88 (m, 2H), 8.15 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, IH), 8.22 (s, IH), 8.48 (m, IH)' MS m/z: 507 (M + 1).
[00293] rel-7V-[(3 R,4/f)-4-(allyloxy)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrroMdiii-3-yl]-2-[4- (trifluoromethyI)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]acetamide (78)
[00294] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to rel-N-(2-{[(37?,4R)-4-ethoxy-l- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}-2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide [4-
(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]acetic acid was substituted for {[3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl] amino} acetic acid, and allyl bromide was substituted for bromoethane, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.51-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.92 (m, 3H), 2.31-2.39 (m, 2H), 2.77 (m, 2H), 3.32-3.41 (m, 3H), 3.79 (m, IH), 3.93 (s, 2H), 3.92-4.02 (m, 2H), 4.16 (m, IH), 4.31 (m, 1 H), 5.14 (m, IH), 5.24 (m, IH), 5.86 (m, 1 H), 7.15 (m, IH), 7.30 (t, /= 7.3 Hz, IH), 7.49 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, IH). MS m/z: 453 (M + 1).
[00295] rel-N-(2-{[(3Λ,4R)-4-(but-2-yn-l-yIoxy)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3- yl]amino}-2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (79)
[00296] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to rel-N-(2-{[(3 R,4R)-4-(allyloxy)-l- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]arnino}-2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, 1- bromobut-2-yne was substituted for allyl bromide and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.40-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.79 (m, 5H), 2.26-2.39 (m, 2H), 2.47 (b, 2H), 2.68-2.87 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.38 (m, 3H), 3.93-3.95 (m, 3H), 4.12-4.17 (m, 3H), 4.23-4.28 (m, 2H), 6.97 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, IH), 7.52-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.73 (d, /= 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.99 (d, 7=7.8 Hz, IH), 8.08 (s, IH). MS m/z: 468 (M + 1). [00297] N-(2-((3S,45)-4-(allyIoxy)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yIamino)-2- oxoethyI)-3-(trifluoromethyI)benzamide (80) [00298] In a small flask was added 9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl (3S,4S)-3-azido-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-l- carboxylate (0.95g, 2.71 mmol, prepared according to J. Org. Chem 1997 62(12) 4197-4199 and US 6262278) and pyrrolidine (4.0 mL). After 30 min at RT, the mixture was concentrated and subjected to flash chromatography (EtOAc:MeOH:Et3N 9:1:0.1 to MeOH) to generate (3S,45)-4-azidopyrrolidin-3-ol as a colorless oil (0.30 g, 86%). To a solution of (35,45)-4-azidopyrrolidin-3-ol (0.30 g, 2.34 mmol) in DCM, was added tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one (1.0 g, 10.00 mmol). After stirring at RT for 10 min, sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1.0 g, 5.00 mmol) was added. After overnight at RT, the mixture was concentrated and subjected to flash chromatography (EtOAc:MeOH:Et3N 9:1:0.1) to generate (3S,4S)-4-azido-l- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-ol (0.217g, 37%). To a solution of (35,45)-4-azido-l-(tetrahydro- 2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-ol in EtOH (ImL), was added Pd/C (10% on carbon, 30 mg), followed by 1 atm H2 gas. After 4h, the mixture was purged with Argon gas, filtered through celite and concentrated to generate (35,4S)-4-amino-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-ol as a brown oil (0.18g, 100%), which was used in without further purification.
[00299] To a solution of (3S,45)-4-amino-l-(tetrahydro-2Η-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-ol (0.20Og, 1.07 mmol) in DCM (2 mL), was added 2-[[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]acetic acid (0.279g, 1.13mmol), EDCI (0.31Og, 1.60 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (0.22Og, 1.60 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.6 mL, 3.00 mmol). The mixture was stirred at RT overnight, and the organic phase was washed with sat. NaHCO3 solution, dried over MgSO4, concentrated, and subjected to flash chromatography (EtOAc :MeOH:Et3N 9:1:0.1) to generate the title compound as a light yellow powder (0.180 g, 42%). 1H- NMR (DMSO) δ: 1.32-1.57 ( m, 2H), 1.73-1.92 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.40 (m, IH), 2.49-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.99-3.12 (m, 2H), 3.25-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.87-4.01 (m, 2H), 4.07 (s, 2H), 4.12-4.19 (m, 2H), 7.66 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, IH), 7.88 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, IH), 8.15 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, IH), 8.22 (s, IH). MS m/z: 416 (M + 1). [00300] To a solution of N-(2-((35,4S)-4-hydroxy-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3- ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (50 mg, 0.1 mmol) in DMF (ImL), was added NaH (17 mg, 0.4 mmol) at O0C. The mixture was stirred at O0C for 10 min., followed by addition of allyl bromide (0.011 mL, 0.13 mmol). The mixture was stirred at O0C for 30 min., and the organic phase was washed with water, dried over MgSO4, concentrated, and subjected to flash chromatography (EtOAc:MeOH:Et3N 9:1:0.1) to generate the title compound (6 mg, 10% yield). 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ:1.40- 1.57 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.90 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.82 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.42 (m, 3H), 3.77-3.85 (m, IH), 3.90-4.05 (m, 3H), 4.06-4.22 (m, 3H), 4.29-4.32 (m, IH), 5.10-5.30 (m, 2H), 5.80-5.98 (m, IH), 6.60 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, IH), 7.10 (s, IH), 7.57 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, IH), 7.77 (d, / = 7.2 Hz, IH), 8.00 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, IH), 8.08 (s, IH). MS m/z: 456 (M + 1)
[00301] rel-N-[2-({(3 R,4R)-l-[l-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yI)piperidin-4-yI]-4-propoxypyrrolidin- 3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (81) [00302] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to rel-N-{2-[((3 R,4R)-l-{ l-[4- (morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}-4-propoxypyrrolidin-3-yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide substituting l-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)piperidin-4-one for l-[4- (morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-one and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 0.91 (m, / = 7.4 Hz, 3H), 1.54-1.61 (m, 4H), 1.88-1.92 (m, 2H), 2.20 (s, 4H), 2.34 (s, 6H), 2.82-3.02 (m, 4H), 3.36-3.43 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.64 (m, IH), 3.76-3.85 (m, IH), 4.15 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 4.33-4.33 (m, IH), 7.21-7.24 (m, IH), 7.58 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, IH), 7.77 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, IH), 8.02 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, IH), 8.11 (s, IH). MS m/z: 552 (M + 1).
[00303] i?eZ-({(3S,45)-l-[l-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]-4-[({[3- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetyl)amino]pyrrolidin-3-yl}oxy)acetic acid (82) [00304] To a solution of benzyl rel-({(3 R,4R)-l-[l-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]-4-[({[3- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetyl)amino]pyrrolidm-3-yl}oxy)acetate in methanol (400 μL) was added and Palladium (10%) on Carbon (50 mg) the was purged with hydrogen gas for two minutes; the reaction was then subjected to 1 atmosphere of hydrogen gas for two hours. The flask was purged with argon; the mixture was filtered, then purified by preparative HPLC to afford rel-({(3S,4S)-l-[l-(6- methoxypyridin-3 -yl)piperidin-4-yl] -4-[( { [3 -(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl] amino } acetyl)amino]pyrrolidin-3- yl}oxy)acetic acid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1,10-1.25 (m, 2H), 1.80-2.40 (m, 4H), 2.50-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.95- 3.15 (m, IH), 3.20-3.35 (m, IH), 3.40-3.80 (m, 4H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.90-4.40 (m, 5H), 4.40-60 (m, 2H), 6.62 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.10-7.15 (m, IH), 7.38-7.58 (m, IH), 7.60 (m, 2H), 8.00-8.25 (m, 2H), 9.45 (bs, lH). MS m/z: 581 (M + l).
[00305] reZ-^-{2-[((3i?,4/-)-4-(aUyloxy)-l-{l-[4-(morphoUu-4-ylcarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4- yl}pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino]-2-oxoethyI}-3-(trifluoromethy.l)benzamide (83)
[00306] To a solution of benzyl rel-(3 R,4R)-3-[(fe/t-butoxycafbonyl)amino]-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-l- carboxylate (Ig, 2.97 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) at 0 0C was added NaH (475 mg, 11.88 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0C for 1 h. AHyI bromide (1.08 g, 8.92 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0C for 2 h and room temperature for 1 h. The reaction was quenched by adding MeOH (5 mL) and was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove most of the solvent. Then water (15 mL) was added to the reaction mixture. EtOAc (15 mL x 3) was added to extract the product. The organic phases were combined, dried over MgSO4, filtered, concentrated and subjected to column chromatography (EtOAc:hexanes, 1:3 to 1:1) as the eluent to give benzyl rel-(37?,4R)-3-(allyloxy)-4-[(?er?-butoxycarbonyl)amino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylate (806.2 mg, 72%). [00307] To the solution of benzyl rel-(3R,4R)-3-(aHyloxy)-4-[(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylate (200 mg, 0.53 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added HCl (4.0 M in 1, 2 dioxane, 15 mL) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 h, and the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude product was used in the following stop without further purification. The crude product was dissolved in DCM (5 mL). To this solution was added TEA (33.7 mg, 1.61 mmol), {[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetic acid (200 mg, 0.81 mmol), EDC (205 mg, 1.07 mmol) and HOBt (145 mg, 1.07 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched by adding water (5 mL). The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (5 mL x 3). The organic layers were combined, dried over MgSO4, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and subjected to column chromatography (EtOAc:hexanes, 1:3 to 1:1) to afford benzyl rel-(3 R,4R)-3-(allyloxy)-4-[({[3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetyl)amino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylate (222.5 mg (82%). [00308] To a solution of benzyl rel-(3 R,4R)-3-(allyloxy)-4-[({[3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl] amino} acetyl) amino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylate (575 .6 mg, 1.13 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) at 0 0C was added TMSI (1.3 mL, 9.04 mmol) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0C for 2 h and room temperature for 3 h. The reaction was quenched by adding HCl (IN, 15 mL). The mixture was extracted from with EtOAc (15 mL x 3). The aqueous phase was neutralized with NaOH(IN) to pH = 10. DCM/isopropanol (4:1, 10 mL x 3) was used to extract from the aqueous layer. The organic layers then were combined, dried over MgSO4, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure to afford rel-N-(2-{ [(3 R,4R)-4-(allyloxy)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}-2-oxoethyl)-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzamide which was used without further purification (115.6 mg). [00309] To the solution of rel-N-(2-{[(3i?,4R)-4-(allyloxy)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}-2-oxoethyl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide (60 mg, 0.16 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was added l-[4-(morpholin-4- ylcarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-one (70 mg, 0.24 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (68.5 mg, 0.32 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched by adding water (5 mL), and mixture then was extracted with EtOAc (15 mL x 3). The organic phases were combined, dried over MgSO4, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and subjected to column chromatography (ethyl actate, methanol and ammonium hydroxide (85:15:1) to afford the title compound (57 mg, 55%) as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.44-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.88 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.61-2.68 (m, 4H), 3.25-3.33 (m, IH), 3.59-3.68 (m, 8H), 3.78-3.79 (m, IH), 3.92-3.99 (m, IH), 4.05 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 4.08-4.16 (m, IH), 4.27 (b, IH), 5.09-5.25 (m, 2H), 5.76-5.89 (m, IH), 6.81 (d, J = 8.4 Hz , 2H), 7.27 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.47-7.52 (m, IH), 7.70 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, IH), 7.94 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, IH), 8.03 (s, IH). MS m/z: 644 (M + 1). [00310] rel- N-{2-[((3 R,4R)-4-(allyloxy)-l-{l-[4-(piperidm-l-ylcarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4- yl}pyrrolidin-3-yI)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (84)
[00311] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to rel-N-{2-[((3 R,4R)-4-(allyloxy)-l-
{1-[4-(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzamide substituting l-[4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-one for l-[4-
(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-one. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.57-1.64 (m, 10H), 1.91-1.95 (m,
2H), 2.43-2.50 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.88 (m, 4H), 3.36-3.52 (m, 5H), 3.68-3.72 (m, 2H), 3.86 (b, IH), 3.98-4.21
(m, 5H), 3.34-3.36 (m, IH), 5.14-5.29 (m, 2H), 5.81-5.91 (m, IH), 6.84 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (d, 7 =
9.3 Hz, 2H), 7.50-7.55 (m, IH), 7.73 (d, / = 7.8 Hz, IH), 8.00 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 8.10 (s, IH). MS m/z:
642 (M + 1)
[00312] rel-N-(2-{[(3 R,4R)-4-hydroxy-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidiii-3-yl]amino}-2- oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyI)benzamide (85)
[00313] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to rel-N-(2-{[(3 R,4R)-4-ethoxy-l-
(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}-2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, removing the alkylation step, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (DMSO) δ: 1.29 (m, 2H), 1.69 (m, 2H),
2.16 (m, IH), 2.30 (m, 2H), 2.80 (m, IH), 2.88 (m, IH), 3.26 (m, 2H), 3.81 (m, 2H), 3.88 (m, 2H), 3.89
(m, IH), 3.98 (m, IH), 5.02 (m, IH), 7.73 (m, IH), 7.92 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, IH), 8.16 (m, 2H), 8.22 (s, IH),
8.99(m, 1 H). MS m/z: 416 (M + 1).
[00314] rel-yV-(2-{[(3 R,4R)-4-methoxy-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}-2- oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (86)
[00315] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to rel-N-(2-{[(3 R,47?)-4-ethoxy-l-
(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}-2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, whereby methyl bromide was substituted for bromoethane, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ:
1.42-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.82 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.41 (m, 2H), 2.61-2.80 (m, 2H), 3.19-3.28 (m, IH), 3.30-
3.40 (m, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.64-3.70 (m, IH), 3.9O-4.00 (m, 2H), 4.10-4.18 (m, 2H), 4.26-4.36 (m, IH),
6.56-6.64 (m, IH), 7.20-7.30 (m, IH), 7.56 (t, J= 7.5 Hz, IH), 7.76 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 7.99 (d, J = 7.5
Hz, IH), 8.08 (s, IH). MS m/z: 430 (M + 1).
[00316] rel-N-[2-({(3 R,4R)-l-[l-(4-methoxyphenyI)piperidin-4-yl]-4-propoxypyrrolidin-3- yI}amino)-2-oxoethyI]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (87)
[00317] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to rel-N-{2-[((3 R,4R)-l-{ l-[4-
(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}-4-propoxypyrrolidin-3-yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzamide substituting l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-one for l-[4-(morpholin-4- ylcarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-one and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 0.91 (m, / = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.52-1.74 (m, 4H), 1.93-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.69 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.93 (m,
2H), 3.36-3.51 (m, 4H), 3.56-3.64 (m, IH), 3.76 (s, 3H), 4.14 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 4.31-4.36 (m, IH),
6.69-6.71 (m, IH), 6.81-6.91 (m, 4H), 7.20-7.23 (m, IH), 7.56 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 7.76 (d, / = 7.5 Hz,
IH), 8.01 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, IH), 8.11 (s, IH). MS m/z: 563 (M + 1).
[00318] rel-N-(2-{[(3 R ,4R)-4-isobutoxy-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yI)pyrroIidin-3-yl]amino}-2- oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (88)
[00319] To a solution of rel-N-(2-{[(3R,4R)-4-[(2-methylprop-2-en-l-yl)oxy]-l-(tetxahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}-2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide in methanol (400 μL) was added and Palladium (10%) on Carbon (50 mg) the was purged with hydrogen gas for two minutes; the reaction was then subjected to 1 atmosphere of hydrogen gas overnight. The flask was purged with
Argon; the mixture was filtered, then purified by preparative ΗPLC to afford the title compound as a white solid. 1H-NMR (MeOD) δ: 0.893 (d, J=1.63 Hz, 3H), 0.915 (d, J=1.63 Hz,3H), 1.51 (m, 2H), 1.77-
1.87 (m, 3H), 2.44 (m, IH), 2.64 (m, IH), 2.71 (m, IH), 3.10 (m, 2H), 3.21 (m, IH), 3.38 (m, 2H), 3.87
(m, IH), 3.95 (m, 3H), 4.04 (s, 2H), 4.29 (m, IH), 7.70 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, IH), 7.87 (d, J= 7.7 Hz, IH), 8.15
(d, J = 7.7 Hz, IH), 8.22 (s, IH)' MS m/z: 472 (M + 1).
[00320] rel-N-(2-{[(3 R,4R)-l-(3-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-4-propoxypyrrolidin-3- yl]amino}-2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (89)
[00321] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to rel-N-{2-[((3 R,4R)-4-(allyloxy)-l-
{1-[4-(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzamide substituting 3-methoxytetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one for l-[4-(morpholin-4- ylcarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-one and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCI3) δ: 0.89 (t, /= 7.4
Hz , 3H), 1.52-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.96 (m, IH), 2.27-2.30 (m, IH), 2.38-2.43 (m, IH), 2.66-2.78 (m, IH),
2.91-2.95 (m, IH), 3.21-3.26 (m, IH), 3.36-3.50 (m, 9H), 3.55-3.65 (m, IH), 3.78-3.81 (m, IH), 3.97-
4.01 (m, IH), 4.10-4.19 (m, 4H), 4.32-4.36 (m, IH), 7.16 (b, IH), 7.53-7.58 (m, IH), 7.75 (d, / = 6.9 Hz,
IH), 8.01 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, IH), 8.09 (s, IH). MS m/z: 488 (M + 1).
[00322] 7V-(2-oxo-2-{[l-(tetrahydro-2H-tbiopyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}ethyl)-3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (90)
[00323] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to rel-N-(2-{[(3 R,4R)-4-(allyloxy)-l-
(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}-2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, tetrahydro-
4H-thiopyran-4-one was substituted for tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-
ΝMR (DMSO) δ : 1.48-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.50 (m, 8H), 2.60-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.79-2.96 (m, 2H), 3.70-4.05
(m, 6H), 5.05-5.25 (m, 2H), 5.75-5.95 (m, IH), 7.70 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, IH), 7.93 (d, / = 8.2 Hz, IH), 8.18 (m,
2H), 9.00 (m, IH). MS m/z: 472 (M + 1). [00324] rel-N-(2-{[(3 R,4R)-4-ethoxy-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]aniino}-2- oxoethyI)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (91)
[00325] To a solution of benzyl rel-benzyl[(3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]carbamate (97 mg, 0.238 mmol) in DMF (1.0 mL) was added NaH (23.7 mg, 0.594 mmol) at 0 0C. After 15 min, bromoethane (0.0226 mL, 0.31 mmol) was added and the reaction was warmed to RT and the slurry was stirred for an additional Ih. To the mixture was added NaHCO3 (sat. aq., 10 mL) and dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was washed with an additional portion of dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting crude product was subjected to flash chromatography (EtOAc) to afford the title compound (80.6 mg, 77%).
[00326] In a round-bottom flask, a slurry of the above compound (80.6 mg) and Palladium (10%) on Carbon (10 mg) in MeOH was purged with hydrogen gas for 2 min.; the reaction was then subjected to 1 atm of hydrogen gas overnight. The flask was purged with argon, then the mixture was filtered, concentrated to afford rgZ-(3 R,4R)-4-ethoxy-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-amine (36 mg). [00327] To a solution of rel-(3R,4R)-4-ethoxy-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-amine (36 mg, 0.168 mmol) in DCM was added { [3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl] amino} acetic acid (41.5 mg, 0.168 mmol), ΗATU (76.7 mg, 0.202 mmol), ΗOBt (27.2 mg, 0.202 mmol) and DIPEA (0.044 mL, 0.252 mmol) and was stirred at RT overnight. The resulting crude mixture was subjected to flash chromatography (15%MeOΗ, 1% NH4OH in EtOAc) to afford the title compound (38 mg, 51%) as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.17 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H), 1.40-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.82 (m, 2H), 2.22- 2.40 (m, 2H), 2.63-2.80 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.51 (m, 4H), 3.63-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.89-4.00 (m, 2H), 4.10-4.20 (m, 2H), 4.24-4.37 (m, IH), 6.45-6.58 (m, IH), 7.20-7.30 (m, IH), 7.56 (t, / = 8.1 Hz, IH), 7.76 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 7.99 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 8.08 (s, IH). MS m/z: 444 (M + 1).
[00328] rel-Λ^-[2-({(32?,47?)-4-(benzyloxy)-l-[l-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin- 3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyI]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzainide (92)
[00329] To a solution of benzyl rαc-(3 R,4R)-3-[(?ert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-l- carboxylate (600 mg, 1.8 mmol; prepared according to WO2004/050024A2) in THF (8 mL) cooled to 0° C was added NaH (216 mg, 5.4 mmol [60%]) and the reaction mixture stirred for 1 hour. Benzyl bromide (430 μL, 3.57 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. To the mixture was added NaHCO3 (sat. aq., 10 mL) and dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was washed with an additional portion of dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting crude product was subjected to flash chromatography to afford benzyl rac- (3 R,4R)-3-(benzyloxy)-4-[(/ert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylate (200 mg, 26%). To the product was added 4N HCl (in dioxane, 5 mL) and the mixture was stirred 2 hours. AU volatiles were removed, and the salt was dissolved in DMF (5 mL), to which was added {[3- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetic acid (174 mg, 0.705 mmol), HATU (268 mg, 0.705 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (246 μL, 1.41 mmol) and HOBt (95 mg, 0.705 mmol) and the mixture was allowed to stir overnight. To the mixture was added NaHCO3 (sat. aq., 10 mL) and dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was washed with an addition portion of dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting crude product was subjected to flash chromatography to afford benzyl rac- (3 R,4R)-3-(benzyloxy)-4-[( { [3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino } acetyl)amino]pyrrolidine-l -carboxylate. [00330] To a solution of benzyl rac-(3 R,47?)-3-(benzyloxy)-4-[({[3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetyl)amino]pyrrolidine-l-carboxylate in dichloromethane was slowly added TMSI (~ 3 equiv.). After 1 hour, all volatiles were removed and the slurry was taken up in acetonitrile (3 mL). l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-4-one and sodium triacetoxyborohydride were added and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight. To the mixture was added NaHCO3 (sat. aq., 10 mL) and dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was washed with an addition portion of dichloromethane (10 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting crude product was subjected to flash chromatography (15% MeOH, 1% NH4OH in EtOAc) to afford N-[2-({(3R,4R)-4-(benzyloxy)-l-[l-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin- 4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (55 mg overall) as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.98-2.15 (m, IH), 2.53-2.62 (m, 2H), 3.05-3.19 (m, 2H), 3.33-3.38 (m, IH), 3.47- 3.52 (d, / = 12.3 Hz, 2H), 3.63-3.69 (m, 4H), 3.86-3.99 (m, IH), 4.14-4.22 (m, 3H), 4.52-4.77 (m, 3H), 6.73-6.78 (m, 4H), 7.22-7.35 (m, 5H), 7.47-7.52 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, IH), 7.67-7.70 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 8.03- 8.07 (m, 2H), 8.12 (s, IH). MS m/z: 611 (M + 1)
[00331] rel-N-(2-{[(3/-,4JR)-4-isopropoxy-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrroIidin-3-yl]amino}-2- oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (93)
[00332] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to rel-N-(2-{[(3 R,4R)-4-ethoxy-l- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}-2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, 2- bromopropane was substituted for bromoethane, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.10 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H), 1.15 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H), 1.40-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.80 (m, 2H), 2.17-2.26 (m, IH), 2.20-2.40 (m, IH), 2.64-2.78 (m, 2H), 3.21-3.43 (m, 3H), 3.75-3.90 (m, 2H), 3.90-4.00 (m, 2H), 4.07-4.17 (m, 2H), 4.18-4.25 (m, IH), 6.47-6.60 (m, IH), 7.20-7.30 (m, IH), 7.56 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 7.76 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 7.99 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, IH), 8.08 (s, IH). MS m/z: 458 (M + 1). [00333] re/-iy-[2-({(3R,4i?)-l-[l-(3-methylphenyl)piperidin-4-yl]-4-propoxypyrroUdin-3- yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (94) [00334] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to rel-N-{2-[((3R,4R)~l-{l-[4-
(moφholin-4-ylcarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl } -4-propoxypyrrolidin-3 -yl)amino] -2-oxoethyl } -3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzamide substituting l-(3-methylphenyl)piperidin-4-one for l-[4-(morpholin-4- ylcarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-one and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 0.84 (m, J =
1.6 Hz, 3H), 1.42-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.87-1.96 (m, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.30-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.S2 (m, 4H),
3.29-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.60 (m, 3H), 3,70-3.74 (m, IH), 4.07 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 4.26-4.30 (m, IH),
6.58-6.67 (m, 4H), 7.04-7.09 (m, 2H), 7.49 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, IH), 7.69 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.95 (d, J = 7.5
Hz, IH), 8.04 (s, IH). MS m/z: 547(M + 1).
[00335] reZ-N-[(3 R,4R)-4-propoxy-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yI)pyrroIidin-3-yl]-2-[4-
(trifluoromethyl)- lH-benzimidazoI-2-yl]acetamide (95)
[00336] To a solution of rgZ-N-[(3 R,4R)-4-(allyloxy)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)ρyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-
[4-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]acetamide in methanol was added Pd/C and the reaction was exposed to 1 atm H2 overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated to afford rel-N-
[(3 R,4R)-4-propoxy-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-lH- benzimidazol-2-yl]acetamide as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 0.87 (t, 3H), 1.48-1.58 (m, 4H), 1.74
(m, 2H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.73 (m, 2H), 3.31-3.40 (m, 4H), 3.56 (m, IH), 3.73 (m, IH),
3.92-3.98 (m, 2H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 4.28 (m, IH), 7.14 (b, IH), 7.30 (t, / = 7.9 Hz, IH), 7.49 (d, / = 7.3 Hz,
IH). MS m/z: 455 (M + 1).
[00337] rel-N-(2-{[(3 R ,4R)-4-(benzyloxy)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}-2- oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (96)
[00338] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to rel-N-(2-{[(3 R,4R)-4-(allyloxy)-l-
(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino } -2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, benzyl bromide was substituted for allyl bromide and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (MeOD) δ: 1.51 (m,
2H), 1.82 (m, 2H), 2.40 (m, IH), 2.58 (m, IH), 2.76 (m, IH), 3.02-3.14 (m, 2H), 3.40 (m, 2H), 3.91-3.98
(m, 3H), 4.05 (s, 2H), 4.41 (m, IH), 4.60 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.38 (m, 5H), 7.70 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, IH), 7.87 (d, J
= 7.7 Hz, IH), 8.15 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, IH), 8.23 (s, IH)' MS m/z: 506 (M + 1).
[00339] r^/-N-(2-{[(3 R,4R)-4-(alIyIoxy)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrroHdin-3-yl]amino}-2- oxoethyI)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzainide (97)
[00340] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to rel-N-[2-({(3 R,4R)-4-(benzyloxy)-
1 -[ 1 -(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3 -yl } amino)-2-oxoethyl] -3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, rel-N-(2-{[(3 R,4R)-4-hydroxy-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3- yl]amino}-2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide was substituted for benzyl rac-(3R,4R)-3-[(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino]-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-l-carboxylate and allyl bromide was substituted for benzyl bromide. The title compound was isolated as. a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.56 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 2H), 2.34-2.48 (m, 2H), 2.80 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.42 (m, 3H), 3.84 (m, IH), 3.93-4.03 (m, 3H), 4.13 (m, 2H), 4.18 (m, IH), 4.34 (m, IH), 5.14 (m, IH), 5.26 (m, IH), 5.87 (m, 1 H), 6.66 (b, IH), 7.13 (b, IH), 7.57 (t, 7 = 7.4 Hz, IH), 7.76 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, IH), 8.05 (d, 7 = 7.7 Hz, IH), 8.09 (s, IH). MS m/z: 456 (M + 1). [00341] Benzyl rel-({(3 R,4l?)-l-[l-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]-4-[({[3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetyl)amino]pyrrolidin-3-yl}oxy)acetate (98) [00342] The title compound was. synthesized in similar fashion to rel-N-[2-({(3 R,47?)-4-(benzyloxy)- l-[l-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-2-oxoethyl]-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide, benzyl bromoacetate was substituted for benzyl bromide, as well as benzylcarbamate deprotection was accomplished with H2 gas (1 atm), 10% Palladium/Carbon in methanol, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CD3OD) δ: 1.17-1.25 (m, IH), 1.50-1.67 (m, 2H>, 1.80-1.94 (m, 2H), 2.13-2.25 (m, IH), 2.44 (dd, J = 10.5, 4.2 Hz, IH), 2.61-2.74 (m, 3H), 2.84 (dd, J = 9.9, 6.0 Hz, IH), 3.25 (dd, J = 10.2, 6.3 Hz, IH), 3.35-3.46 (m, 3H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.82-3.93 (m, IH), 4.05-4.14 (m, 3H), 4.18-4.29 (m, 3H), 5.11 (s, 2H), 6.63 (d, 7 = 9.0 Hz, IH), 6.74 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.20-7.38 (m, 5H), 7.51 (t, 7 = 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.70-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.96 (d, 7.8 Hz, IH), 8.06 (s, IH). MS m/z: 670 (M + 1).
[00343] rβZ-N-(2-{[(3 R,4Λ)-4-[(2-methylprop-2-en-l-yl)oxy]-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4- yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}-2-oxoethyI)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide (99)
[00344] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to rel-N-(2-{[(3R,4R)-4-(allyloxy)-l- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}-2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, isobutenyl bromide was substituted for allyl bromide and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (MeOD) δ: 1.53 (m, 2H), 1.73 (s, 3H), 1.85 (m, 2H), 2.48 (m, IH), 2.67 (m, IH), 2.79 (m, IH), 3.12 (m, 2H), 3.40 (m, 2H), 3.93-4.05 (m, 6H), 4.04 (s, 2H), 4.34 (m, IH), 4.87-4.97 (m, 2H), 7.70 (t, /=8.13 Hz, IH), 7.87 (d, 7=7.7 Hz, IH), 8.15 (d, 7=8.13 Hz, IH), 8.22 (s, IH) MS m/z: 470 (M + 1). [00345] reZ-Λ^-{2-[((3/?,42?)-l-{l-[4-(morphoUn-4-ylcarbonyl)phenyI]piperidiii-4-yl}-4- propoxypyrrolidin-3-yl)amino]-2-oxoethyI}-3-(trifluoromethyI)benzamide (100) [00346] To a solution of rel-N-{2-[((3tf,4R)-4-(allyloxy)-l-{ l-[4-(morpholin-4- ylcarbonyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl }pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl } -3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide in methanol (400 μL) was added and palladium (10%) on carbon (50 mg) was added and purged with hydrogen gas for two minutes; the reaction was then subjected to 1 atmosphere of hydrogen gas overnight. The flask was purged with argon; the mixture was filtered, then purified by preparative HPLC to afford the title compound as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 0.82 (t, 7 = 7.8 Hz , 3H), 1.43-1.53 (m, 2H), 1.59-1.68 (m, IH), 1.89-1.93 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.51 (m, 2H), 2.73 (t, J = 11.4 Hz, 2H), 2.85-2.96 (m, 2H), 3.10-3.20 (m, 2H), 3.29-3.36 (m, 2H), 3.41-3.69 (m, 10 H), 3.79 (b, IH), 4.05 (d, J = 4.5 Hz 2H), 4.29-4.33 (m, IH), 6.79 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.43-7.49 (m, IH), 7.67 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, IH), 7.97 (d, / = 7.5 Hz, IH), 8.07 (s, IH). MS m/z: 646 (M + 1). [00347] N-((3S)-4-(aUyloxy)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrroUdin-3-yI)-2-(6- (trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4-ylamino)acetamide (101)
[00348] A solution of 6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (84 mg, 0.39 mmol, prepared according to WO2005021500A), PCl5 (106 mg, 0.507 mmol) in dichloroethane was sealed in a microwave-safe tube and was microwaved for 3000 seconds reaching an internal temperature of 170 °C. An additional portion of PCI5 (25 mg) was added and the mixture was again microwaved for 3000 seconds reaching an internal temperature of 170 0C. The mixture was transferred to a flask, toluene was added, then was concentrated. The resulting 4-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinazoline (used without further purification) was dissolved in acetonitrile (2 mL) and was added to a 00C cooled mixture of rel-N- [(3R,4R)-4-(allyloxy)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-aminoacetamide-&w-hydrochloride salt (139 mg, 0.309 mmol, prepared in similar fashion to rel-N-(2-{[(3 R,4R)-4-(allyloxy)-l-(tetrahydro- 2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}-2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, substituting [(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino]acetic acid for {[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetic acid and the resulting tert-buty\ rel-(2-{[(3 R,4R)-4-(allyloxy)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidm-3-yl]amino}-2- oxoethyl)carbamate was deprotected under Standard ΗCl/dioxane conditions), DBU (0.292 mL, 1.95 mmol) and acetonitrile (3.5 mL). The mixture was warmed to RT and after 150 min. was quenched with K2CO3 (IM solution) and EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The resulting crude product was subjected to flash chromatography (15% MeOH, 1% NH4OH in EtOAc) to afford the title compound (34 mg, 18%) as a white solid. 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ- 1.66 (m, 2H), 2.12 (m,lH), 2.30 (m,lH), 2.42 (m, IH), 2.81 (m, 2H), 3.23 (m, 2H), 3.78 (m, 4H), 4.00 (m, 3H), 4.11 (m, 3H), 5.08 (d, IH), 5.18 (d, IH), 5.79 (m, IH), 7.87 (d, IH), 8.04 (d, IH), 8.26 (d, IH), 8.51 (s, IH), 8.78 (s, IH), 9.01(m, IH). MS m/z= 480 (M + 1).
[00349] rel-N-[(3 R,4R)-4-(allyloxy)-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2-{[5- (trifluoromethyl)-lH-indazoI-3-yl]amino}acetamide (102)
[00350] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to rel-N-(2-{[(3 R,4R)-4-ethoxy-l- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino}-2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide {[5-
(trifluoromethyl)-lH-indazol-3-yl]amino}acetic acid was substituted for{ [3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl] amino} acetic acid, and allyl bromide was substituted for bromoethane, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 1.18-1.35 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.70 (m, 2H), 2.06-2.16 (m, IH), 2.23-2.31 (m, IH), 2.38-2.44 (m, IH), 2.74-2.84 (m, 2H), 3.18-3.28 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.87 (m, 6H), W
3.92-4.08 (m, 2H), 5.02-5.19 (m, 2H), 5.73-5.87 (m, IH), 6.70 (t, IH), 7.39 (d, IH), 7.48 (dd, IH), 8.03
(d, IH), 8.26 (s, IH), 11.9 (s, IH). MS m/z: 468 (M + 1).
[00351] rel-N-[(3 R,4R)-4-methoxy-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrroUdin-3-yl]-2-{[5-
(trifluoromethyl)-lH-indazol-3-yl]amino}acetamide (103)
[00352] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to rel-N-(2-{[(3 R,4R)-4-methoxy-l-
(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino } -2-oxoethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, { [5-
(trifluoromethyl)-lH-indazol-3-yl]amino}acetic acid was substituted for {[3-
(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino}acetic acid, and was isolated as a white solid. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.40-
1.70 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.95 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.47 (m, 2H), 2.77-2.85 (m, IH), 2.90-2.97 (m, IH), 3.27-3.50 (m,
6H), 3.70-3.80 (m, IH), 3.91-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.19-4.23 (m, 2H), 4.50-4.62 (m, IH), 5.08-5.17 (M, IH),
7.39 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, IH), 7.54 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, IH), 7.91 (s, IH), 7.97 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, IH), 11.40 (s, IH).
MS m/z: 442 (M + 1).
[00353] Compounds 104-239 can be prepared by the schemes set forth in this patent. Those skilled in the art will be able to recognize, or be able to ascertain, using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein.
0354] Table 2: Exemplary Compounds
Figure imgf000098_0001
76 77
Figure imgf000098_0002
78 79
Figure imgf000098_0003
80 81
Figure imgf000099_0001
82 83
Figure imgf000099_0002
Figure imgf000099_0003
86 87
Figure imgf000100_0001
88 89
Figure imgf000100_0002
90 91
Figure imgf000100_0003
92 93
Figure imgf000101_0001
94 95
Figure imgf000101_0002
96 97
Figure imgf000101_0003
98 99
Figure imgf000102_0001
Figure imgf000102_0002
102 103
Figure imgf000102_0003
Figure imgf000102_0004
106 107
Figure imgf000103_0001
108 109
Figure imgf000103_0002
110 111
Figure imgf000103_0003
112 113
Figure imgf000103_0004
114 115
Figure imgf000104_0001
116 117
Figure imgf000104_0002
118 119
Figure imgf000104_0003
120 121
Figure imgf000104_0004
122 123
Figure imgf000105_0001
124 125
Figure imgf000105_0002
126 127
Figure imgf000105_0003
128 129
Figure imgf000105_0004
130 131
Figure imgf000106_0001
Figure imgf000107_0001
140 141
Figure imgf000107_0002
142 143
Figure imgf000107_0003
144 145
Figure imgf000107_0004
146 147
Figure imgf000107_0005
148 149
Figure imgf000108_0001
Figure imgf000109_0001
158 159
Figure imgf000109_0002
160 161
Figure imgf000109_0003
162 163
Figure imgf000109_0004
164 165
Figure imgf000110_0001
166 167
Figure imgf000110_0002
168 169
Figure imgf000110_0003
170 171
Figure imgf000110_0004
172
Figure imgf000111_0001
174 175
Figure imgf000111_0002
176 177
Figure imgf000111_0003
178 179
Figure imgf000111_0004
180 181
Figure imgf000112_0001
182 183
Figure imgf000112_0002
184 185
Figure imgf000112_0003
186 187
Figure imgf000112_0004
188 189
Figure imgf000113_0001
190 191
Figure imgf000113_0002
192 193
Figure imgf000113_0003
194 195
Figure imgf000113_0004
Figure imgf000114_0001
198 199
Figure imgf000114_0002
200 201
Figure imgf000114_0003
202 203
Figure imgf000114_0004
204 205
Figure imgf000115_0001
206 207
Figure imgf000115_0002
208 209
Figure imgf000115_0003
210 211
Figure imgf000115_0004
212 213
Figure imgf000116_0001
214 215
Figure imgf000116_0002
216 217
Figure imgf000116_0003
218 219
Figure imgf000116_0004
220 221
Figure imgf000117_0001
222 223
Figure imgf000117_0002
224 225
Figure imgf000117_0003
226 227
Figure imgf000117_0004
Figure imgf000118_0001
230 231
Figure imgf000118_0002
232 233
Figure imgf000118_0003
234 235
Figure imgf000118_0004
236 237
Figure imgf000119_0001
238 239
[00355] N-(2-oxo-2-(l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)piperidin-3-ylamino)ethyl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamide
[00356] The title compound was synthesized in similar fashion to N-(2-oxo-2-{[l-(tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3 -yl] amino } ethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide whereby 1 -benzylpiperidin-3 - amine was substituted for (3 R)-l-benzylpyrrolidin-3-amine as was isolated as a white solid.
Figure imgf000119_0002
[00357] 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.40-1.80 (m, 9H), 2.35-2.80 (m, 4H), 3.30-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.98-4.26 (m, 5H), 7.5 (br, IH), 7.57 (t, J= 8.4 Hz, IH), 7.77 (d, / = 7.5 Hz, IH), 8.06 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, IH), 8.14 (s, IH). MS m/z: 414 (M + l).
BIOLOGICAL TESTING
[00358] THP-I FLIPR assay
[00359] The primary screening assay is a FLIPR (Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader) assay using
THP-I cells (ATCC, Catalog No. TIB 202), a monocytic derived cell line that endogenously expresses
CCR2.
[00360] The cells were resuspended at lxlθ6cells/ml in dye loading media (growth media (RPMI +
10% FBS (Fetal Bovine serum) + 5.5 x 10"5M 2- mercaptoethanol)+ 1OmM HEPES (N-2- hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethane-sulfonic acid) + 2.5 mM probenecid + fluo-3 (1:250)). The cells were incubated for 1 hour at 370C and then washed in FLPR wash buffer (10OmL 10x HBSS (Hanks
Buffered Saline Solution) (w/Ca++/Mg++) + 2OmL IM HEPES + Ig BSA + 10mL250 mM probenecid + water (to make 1 L)) and plated at 50,000 cells/well in black/clear 384 well plates. The plates were transferred to FLIPR where the ability of different concentrations of compounds to inhibit MCP-I induced calcium flux was assessed. Inhibition of the CCR2 response was reflected by a decrease of the fluorescence signal relative to the positive controls (MCP-I alone). [00361] THP-I whole cell radioligand binding assay
[00362] The cells were washed with PBS (phosphate buffered saline) and resuspended in binding buffer (1OmM HEPES pH 7.2, Ix HBSS (w/ Ca2+, Mg2+) 0.5% BSA, 0.02% Na-azide) at 4xlO6 cells /ml (for 200, 000 cells/well). Cells were incubated with 0.1 to 0.2 nM [125I] -labeled MIP-Ia with or without unlabeled competitor (MIP- lα) or various concentrations of compounds for 60 minutes at room temperature. The assay was terminated by vacuum filtration through glass fiber filters (GFfB, Packard) which were presoaked in 0.3% polyethyleneimine. The filters were washed with wash buffer (1OmM HEPES, pH 7.2, 1 mM CaCl2, 5mM MgCl2 0.5M NaCl), dried and the amount of bound radioactivity was determined by scintillation counting.
[00363] Compounds of the invention have been shown to inhibit CCR2, preferably at a concentration less than 100 nM.
[00364] While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A compound of formula I:
Figure imgf000121_0001
I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: n is 1 or 2;
Y is -Y1-Y2-, or -Y3-Y4- wherein:
Y1 is -SO2N(R')-, -C(O)N(R')-; -C(O)N(R' )C(O)-, -N(R')SO2-, or -N(R')S02N(R')-, Y2 is absent or is an optionally substituted Q_6 alkylene chain, wherein one or two methylene units of Y2 are optionally and independently interrupted by -O-, -S-, -N(R')-, -C(O)-, -OC(O)-, - C(O)O-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)-, -N(R')C(0)N(R')-, -N(R')C(O)O-, - OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')S(O)2-, or -S(O)2N(R')-, or wherein Y2, or a portion thereof, is an optionally substituted ring selected from 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-6-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-membered aryl, or 5-6- membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur;
Y3 is -N(R')C(O)-, -NR'C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(O)O-; and
Y4 is an optionally substituted Q_6 alkylene chain, wherein one or two methylene units of Y4 are optionally and independently interrupted by -0-, -S-, -N(R')-, -C(O)-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)O-, -S(O)-, - S(O)2-, -C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0>, -N(R')C(0)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)0-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')S(O)2-, or -S(O)2N(R')-, each R' is independently hydrogen or optionally substituted Q-βaliphatic;
R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10- membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; ring A is substituted at one or more carbon atoms with m independent occurrences of R2; mis 0-6; each occurrence of R2 is independently halogen, =0, =S, -CN, -R2b, -N(R2a)2, -0R2\ -SR2b, -S(O)2R2", - C(O)R2a, -C(O)OR23, -C(O)N(R2a)2, -S(O)2N(R2a)2, -OC(O)N(R2a)2, -N(R')C(0)R2a, -N(R')SO2R2b, - N(R')C(0)0R2a, -N(R')C(O)N(R2a)2, or -N(R')SO2N(R2a)2, or two occurences of R2a or R2b are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6- membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or two occurrences of R2a, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R2a is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci-(5alipriatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R2b is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; ring B is substituted with r independent occurrences of -R3; r is 0-6; each occurrence of R3 is independently -R3a, -TrR3d, or -V1-T1-R311, wherein: each occurrence of -R3a is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -R3c, -N(R3b)2, -OR3b, -SR3c, - S(O)2R3c, -C(O)R3b, -C(O)OR3b, -C(O)N(R3b)2, -S(O)2N(R3b)2, -OC(O)N(R3b)2, -N(R')C(O)R3b, - N(R')SO2R3c, -N(R')C(O)OR3b, -N(R')C(O)N(R3b)2, or -N(R')SO2N(R3b)2, or two occurences of R3b or R3c are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7- membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or two occurrences of R3b, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted S-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R3b is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R3c is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-lQ-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R3d is independently an optionally substituted group selected from 3-10- membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of V1 is independently -C(R')=C(R')-, -CsC-, -N(R')-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(O)-, -N(R')S02-, -N(R')C(O)O-, -NR5C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')SO2N(R')-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)N(R' )-0-; each occurrence OfT1 is independently Ci-6 alkylene chain optionally substituted with R3a, wherein the alkylene chain optionally is interrupted by -C(R')=C(R')-, -C≡C-, -N(R')-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)-, -N(R')SO2-, -N(R')C(0)0-, -NR5C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')SO2N(R5)-, -OC(O)-, or -C(0)N(R')-0- or wherein T1 or a portion thereof optionally forms part of an optionally substituted 3-7 membered cycloaliphatic or heterocyclyl ring; X is -O-, -S-, -SO2-, or -N(W-R4)-;
W is absent or is a group selected from -Wi-L2-W2-, wherein Wi and W2 are each independently absent or are an optionally substituted Ci-3alkylene chain, and L2 is absent or is a group selected from -N(R)-, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R)-, -S(O)2N(R)-, -OC(O)N(R)-, -N(R)C(O)-, -N(R)SO2-, -N(R)C(O)O-, -N(R)C(O)N(R)-, -N(R)SO2N(R)-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)N(R)-O-, wherein R is hydrogen or Ci.Qalkyl, provided that if Wj is absent then L2 is selected from -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, - C(O)O-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)N(R)-, or -S(O)2N(R)-
R4 is an optionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic ring selected from 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, provided that the compound is other than: a) 4-Morpholinebutanamide, N-[3-cyano-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-α- (cyclohexylmethyl)-γ-oxo-; W
b) 4-Morpholinebutanamide, N-CS-cyano-l-Ctetrahydro^H-thiopyran^-yO-S-pyrrolidinylJ-α- (cyclohexylmethy^-γ-oxo-; c) 4-Morpholinecarboxarnide, N-[( 1 S)-2-[ [3 -cyano- 1 -( 1 -methyl-4-piperidinyl)-3- pyrrolidinyl]amino]-l-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2-oxoethyl]-; d) 4-Moipholinebutanamide, N[3-cyano- 1 -(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-3 -pyrrolidinyl] -α- (cyclohexylmethyl)-γ-oxo; e) Benzeneacetamide, N-[(3S)-1-[1 -(2-cyanophenyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-3,4-difluoro-, monohydrochloride; f) Benzeneacetamide, 3,4-difluoro-N-[(3R)-l-[l-(2-nitrophenyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-, hydrochloride; g) Benzeneacetamide, 3,4-difluoro-α-(l-methylethyl)-N-[(3R)-l-[l-(2-nitrophenyl)-4- piperidinyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-, hydrochloride; h) Benzeneacetamide, N-[(3R)-l-[l-(2-cyanophenyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-3,4-difluoro- α-(l-methylethyl)-, (αS)-; i) Benzeneacetamide, N-[(3R)- 1 -[ 1 -(2-cyanophenyl)-4-piperidinyl] -3-pyrrolidinyl] -3 ,4-difluoro- α-(l-methylethyl)-, (αR)-; j) Benzeneacetamide, N-[r-(2-cyanophenyl)[l,4'-bipiperidin]-3-yl]-3,4-difluoro-; k) [l,4'-Bipiperidine]-3-carboxamide, N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-l -propyl-;
1) [l,4'-Bipiperidine]-3-carboxamide, N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-l - (phenylmethyl)-; m) [l,4 -Bipiperidine]-3-carboxamide,r-[[2,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-4-pyridinylJcarbonyl]-N- methyl-N-(l-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-, (3R)- ; n) Benzeneacetamide, N-[r-(2-cyanophenyl)[l,4'-bipiperidin]-3-yl)-3,4-difluoro-, monohydrochloride; and o) Benzeneacetamide, N-[r-(2-cyanophenyl)[l,4'-bipiperidin]-3-yl]-3,4-difluoro-.
2. The compound of claim 1, wherein n is 1 and the compound has the structure of formula I-A:
Figure imgf000124_0001
I-A.
3. The compound of claim 2, wherein r is 0, 1, or 2.
4. The compound of claim 3, wherein r is 1 and the compound has the structure of formula I-B:
Figure imgf000125_0001
I-B
5. The compound of claim 3, wherein r is 2 and the compound has the structure of I-B-i:
Figure imgf000125_0002
I-B-i wherein the two occurrences of R3, taken together, form an optionally substituted 3-6-membered spiro carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
6. The compound of claim 4 or 5, wherein R1 is an optionally substituted aryl group.
7. The compound of claim 5, wherein R1 is an optionally substituted phenyl group.
8. The compound of claim 4 or 5, wherein R1 is an optionally substituted 5-8-membered monocyclic or 7-10-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S.
9. The compound of claim 8, wherein R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from:
Figure imgf000125_0003
10. The compound of claim 8, wherein R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from:
Figure imgf000125_0004
m
Figure imgf000126_0001
n
Figure imgf000126_0002
u
Figure imgf000126_0003
W X
Figure imgf000126_0004
aa bb cc
Figure imgf000126_0005
11. The compound of claims 4 or 5, wherein:
R1 is an optionally substituted aryl group or R1 is an optionally substituted 5-8-membered monocyclic or 7-10-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S, and R1 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of Rla, wherein each occurrence of Rla is independently halogen, =O, =S, -CN, -NO2, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -ORlb, -SRlc, -S(O)2Rlc, -C(0)Rlb, -C(O)ORlb, -C(O)N(Rlb)2, -S(O)2N(Rlb)2, -0C(0)N(Rlb)2, -N(R')C(O)Rlb, -N(R')SO2Rlc, N(R')C(0)0Rlb, - N(R')C(0)N(Rlb)2, or -N(R')SO2N(Rlb)2, or two occurences of Rlb or Rlc are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or two occurrences of Rlb, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein each occurrence of Rlb is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci-βaliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each occurrence of Rlc is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
12. The compound of claim 11, wherein each occurrence of Rla is independently =0, halogen, -Rlc, - N(Rlb)2, -ORlb, or -SRlc.
13. The compound of claim 11, wherein each occurrence of Rla is independently Ci.4fluoroalkyl, - O(Ci-4fluoroalkyl), or -S(Ci-4fluoroalkyl).
14. The compound of claim 4 or 5, wherein Y is -YrY2-, and Yj is -SO2N(R')-, -C(O)NR'-, or - N(FOS(O)2-.
15. The compound of claim 4 or 5, wherein Y is -Y3-Y4-, - and Y3 is -N(R')C(O)-.
16. The compound of claim 4 or 5, wherein Y is selected from:
Figure imgf000128_0001
17. The compound of claim 4 or 5, wherein X is O.
18. The compound of claim 4 or 5, wherein X is -N(W-R4).
19. The compound of claim 4 or 5, wherein X is O, m is 1, and R2 is an optionally substituted group selected from a monocyclic 3-8-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a bicyclic 7-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a monocyclic 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or a 7-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
20. The compound of claim 4 or 5, wherein X is -N(W-R4) and R4 is an optionally substituted group selected from a monocyclic 3-8-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a bicyclic 7-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a monocyclic 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or a 7-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
21. The compound of claim 4 or 5, wherein X is -N(W-R4), W is absent and R4 is optionally substituted phenyl.
22. The compound of claim 4 or 5, wherein:
X is -N(W-R4) and R4 is an optionally substituted group selected from a monocyclic 3-8-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a bicyclic 7-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a monocyclic 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or a 7-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or X is -N(W-R4), W is absent and R4 is optionally substituted phenyl, wherein:
R4 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of R4a and each occurrence of R4a is independently - R4b, -Ti-R46, or -V1-T1-R45, wherein each occurrence of -R4b is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -R4d, - N(R^)2, -OR40, -SR4d, -S(O)2R4d, -C(O)R40, -C(O)OR4=, -C(O)N(R40),, -S(O)2N(R4O2, -OC(O)N(R40),, - N(R^C(O)R4=, -N(R')SO2R4d, -N(R^C(O)OR40, -N(R')C(O)N(R4c)2, or -N(R')SO2N(R4c)2, or two occurences of -R4b, -R40 or -R4d are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur or two occurrences of R40, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R4c is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci_6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R4d is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- βaliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R46 is independently an optionally substituted group selected from 3-10- membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of Vj is independently -C(R')=C(R')-, -CsC-, -N(R')-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(O)-, -N(R')SO2-, -N(R')C(O)O-, -NR1C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')S02N(R')-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)N(R' )-0-; each occurrence OfT1 is independently Ci-6 alkylene chain optionally substituted with R3a, wherein the alkylene chain optionally is interrupted by -C(R')=C(R')-, -C≡C-, -N(R')-, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)-, -N(R')S02-, -N(R')C(0)0-, -NR'C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')S02N(R')-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)N(R')-O- or wherein T1 or a portion thereof optionally forms part of an optionally substituted 3-7 membered cycloaliphatic or heterocyclyl ring;
23. The compound of claim 21, wherein the phenyl group is substituted with 1 or 2 occurrences of R4a, wherein each occurrence of R4a is independently halogen, -CN, -C(O)N(R4c)2, -0(R4"), -S(R4d), - N(R^)2, -C(O)O-T1-R46, -R4d, or wherein two occurrences of R4b, taken together with their intervening atoms, form a 5-6-membered spiro or fused carbocyclic or heterocyclyl ring.
24. The compound of claim 4 or 5, wherein R3 is -OR3b, -SR3c, -V1-T1-R3^ or TrR3d, wherein V1 is O or S, and Tj is -CH2- or -CH2-CH2-.
25. The compound of claim 24, wherein R3b, R3c, and R3d are each independently an optionally W
substituted group selected from Q^alkenyl, Q^alkynyl, Ci.4alkyl, 5-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1- 5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
26. The compound of claim 25, wherein R3b, R3c, and R3d are each independently optionally substituted Ci-4alkenyl, Ci-4alkynyl, Ci.4alkyl, or an optionally substituted group selected from:
Figure imgf000131_0001
Figure imgf000131_0002
27. The compound of claim 24, wherein R3b, R3c, and R3d are each independently an optionally substituted ring selected from bicyclic 8-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur or 8-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
28. The compound of claim 27, wherein R3b, R3c, and R3d are each independently optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of R3e, wherein R3e is Rf, halogen, -N(Rg)2, -OR8, -SRf, -S(O)2Rf, -CORf, -COORg, -CON(Rg)2, -CON(Rg)2, -S(O)2N(Rg)2, -CC(O)N(Rg)2, -NR'C(O)Rf, -NR'S(O)2Rf, wherein Rf is an optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic group and Rg is hydrogen or an optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic group.
29. The compound of claim 28, wherein R3b, R3c, and R3d are each independently optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of R3e, wherein R3e is C1.4alipb.atic, Ci-4haloaliphatic, or halogen.
30. The compound of claim 5, wherein r is 2 and two occurrences of R3, taken together, form an optionally substituted 3-6-membered spiro carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring selected from:
Figure imgf000132_0001
31. The compound of claim 4, wherein the compound has the structure of formula I- C:
Figure imgf000132_0002
I-C.
32. The compound of claim 31, wherein X is O and the compound has the structure of formula I-D:
Figure imgf000132_0003
I-D wherein: a) R1 is an optionally substituted 5-8-membered monocyclic or 7-10-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S, wherein R1 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of Rla, wherein each occurrence of Rla is independently halogen, =0, =S, -CN, -NO2, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -ORlb, -SRlc, -S(O)2Rlc, -C(O)Rlb, -C(0)0Rlb, -C(O)N(Rlb)2, -S(O)2N(Rlb)2, -OC(O>N(Rlb)2, -N(R')C(0)Rlb, -N(R')SO2Rlc, -N(R')C(0)0Rlb, -N(R')C(O)N(Rlb)2, or -N(R')SO2N(Rlb)2, or two occurences of Rlb or Rlc are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3- 6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur or two occurrences of Rlb, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein: each occurrence of Rlb is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each occurrence of Rlc is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cy.cloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; b) Y is -NH(CO)CH2-, -NHS(O)2CH2, -NHC(O)-, -NH(CO)CH2NH-, or -NHS(O)2-; c) m is O or 1, and when m is 1 R2 is an optionally substituted group selected from a monocyclic 3-7- membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a bicyclic 7-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a monocyclic 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or a 7-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and d) R3 is -OR3b, -SR3c, -V1-T1-R311, or TrR3d, wherein Vj is O or S, and T1 is -CH2- or -CH2-CH2-, wherein R3b, R3c, and R3d are each independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- 4alkenyl, Ci-4alkynyl, Q_4alkyl, 5-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
33. The compound of claim 32, wherein: a) R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from:
Figure imgf000133_0001
g
Figure imgf000133_0002
n o
Figure imgf000134_0001
u
Figure imgf000134_0002
W
Figure imgf000134_0003
aa bb cc
Figure imgf000134_0004
and each occurrence of Rla is independently =0, halogen, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -ORlb, or -SRlc; and b) R3b, R3c, and R3d are each independently optionally substituted
Figure imgf000134_0005
Ci.4alkynyl, C1-4alkyl, or an optionally substituted group selected from:
Figure imgf000134_0006
Figure imgf000134_0007
wherein R , R c, and R are each independently optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of R e, wherein R3e is Ci.4aliphatic, Ci-4haloaliphatic, or halogen.
34. The compound of claim 31, wherein X is N(W-R4), and the compound has the structure of formula I-E:
Figure imgf000135_0001
I-E wherein: a) R1 is an optionally substituted 5-8-membered monocyclic or 7-10-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S, wherein R1 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of Rla, wherein each occurrence of Rla is independently halogen, =O, -CN, -NO2, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -ORlb, -SRlc, -S(O)2R10, -C(O)Rlb, -C(O)ORlb, -C(0)N(Rlb)2, - S(O)2N(Rlb)2, -OC(O)N(Rlb)2, -N(R')C(O)Rlb, -N(R')S02R!c, -N(R')C(0)0Rlb, -N(R')C(O)N(Rlb)2, or - N(R')SO2N(Rlb)2, or two occurences of Rlb or Rlc are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3— 6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur or two occurrences of Rlb, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein: each occurrence of Rlb is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci-βaliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each occurrence of Rlc is independently an optionally substituted group selected from C1- 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; b) Y is -NH(CO)CH2-, -NHS(O)2CH2, -NHC(O)-, -NH(CO)CH2NH-, or -NHS(O)2-; c) mis O; d) R3 is -0R3b, -SR3c, -V1-T1-R3", or Ti-R3d, wherein V1 is O or S, and T1 is -CH2- or -CH2-CH2-, wherein R3b, R3c, and R3d are each independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q. 4alkenyl, Ci.4alkynyl, Ci_4alkyl, 5-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; e) W is absent, and f) R4 is an optionally substituted group selected from a monocyclic 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1- 2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a bicyclic 7-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a monocyclic 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or a 7-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
35. The compound of claim 31, wherein X is N(W-R4), and the compound has the structure of formula I-E:
Figure imgf000136_0001
I E wherein: a) R1 is an optionally substituted 5-8-membered monocyclic or 7-10-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S, wherein R1 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of Rla, wherein each occurrence of Rla is independently halogen, =0, -CN, -NO2, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -ORlb, -SRlc, -S(O)2Rlc, -C(O)Rlb, -C(O)ORlb, -C(0)N(Rlb)2, - S(O)2N(Rlb)2, -OC(O)N(Rlb)2, -N(R')C(O)Rlb, -N(R')SO2Rlc, -N(R')C(0)0Rlb, -N(R')C(O)N(Rlb)2, or - N(R')SO2N(Rlb)2, or two occurences of Rlb or Rlc are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3- 6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur or two occurrences of Rlb, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein: each occurrence of Rlb is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci-6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each occurrence of Rlc is independently an optionally substituted group selected from C1- βaliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; b) Y is -NH(CO)CH2-, -NHS(O)2CH2, -NHC(O)-, -NH(CO)CH2NH-, or -NHS(O)2-; c) m is O; d) R3 is -0R3b, -SR3c, -V1-T1-R3", or TrR3d, wherein V1 is O or S, and T1 is -CH2- or -CH2-CH2-, wherein R3b, R3c, and R3d are each independently an optionally substituted group selected from C1- 4alkenyl, Q^alkynyl, Q^alkyl, 5-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; e) W is absent, and f) R4 is optionally substituted phenyl.
36. The compound of claim 34 or 35, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of R4a each occurrence of R4a is independently -R4b, -T1-R46, or -V1-T1-R43, wherein: each occurrence of-R4b is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -R4d, -N(R4^)2, -0R4c, -SR4d, - S(O)2R4d, -C(O)R40, -C(O)OR40, -C(O)N(R^)2, -S(O)2N(R40),, -OC(O)N(R4c)2, -N(R^C(O)R40, - N(R')SO2R4d, -N(R^C(O)OR40, -N(R')C(O)N(R4c)2, or -N(R')SO2N(R4c)2, or two occurences of- R4b, -R40 or -R4d are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or two occurrences of R40, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R40 is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R4d is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R46 is independently an optionally substituted group selected from 3-10- membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence OfV1 is independently -C(R')=C(R')-, -OC-, -N(R')-, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)-, -N(R')SO2-, -N(R')C(O)O-, -NR5C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')SO2N(R')-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)N(R' )-0-; and each occurrence of Ti is independently C1-6 alkylene chain optionally substituted with R3a, wherein the alkylene chain optionally is interrupted by -C(R')=C(R')-, -C≡C-, -N(R')-, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)-, -N(ROSO2-, -N(R')C(0)0-, -NR'C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')S02N(R')-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)N(R')-O- or wherein T1 or a portion thereof optionally forms part of an optionally substituted 3-7 membered cycloaliphatic or heterocyclyl ring.
37. The compound of claim 34 or 35, wherein: a) R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from:
Figure imgf000138_0001
Figure imgf000138_0002
n
Figure imgf000139_0001
u
Figure imgf000139_0002
W
Figure imgf000139_0003
aa bb cc
Figure imgf000139_0004
and each occurrence of Rla is independently =0, halogen, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -ORlb, or -SRlc; and b) R3b, R3c, and R3d are each independently optionally substituted Ci-4alkenyl, C1-4alkynyl, C1.4a.kyl, or an optionally substituted group selected from:
Figure imgf000139_0005
Figure imgf000139_0006
wherein R >3b , „R30 , and R are each independently optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of R , wherein R3e is CMaliphatic, Ci.4haloaliρhatic, or halogen.
38. The compound of claim 5, having the structure of formula I-F:
Figure imgf000140_0001
I-F or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the two occurrences of R3, taken together, form an optionally substituted 3-6-membered spiro carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
39. The compound of claim 38, wherein X is O and the compound has the structure of formula I-G:
Figure imgf000140_0002
I-G or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: a) R1 is an optionally substituted 5-8-membered monocyclic or 7-10-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S, wherein R1 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of Rla, wherein each occurrence of Rla is independently halogen, =0, =S, -CN, -NO2, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -0Rlb, -SRlc, -S(O)2R10, -C(0)Rlb, -C(0)0Rlb, -C(O)N(Rlb)2, -S(O)2N(Rlb)2, -OC(O)N(Rlb)2, -N(R')C(O)RIb, -N(R')SO2Rlc, -N(R')C(0)0Rlb, -N(R')C(O)N(Rlb)2, or -N(R')SO2N(Rlb)2, or two occurences of Rlb or Rlc are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3— 6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur or two occurrences of Rlb, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein: each occurrence of Rlb is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each occurrence of Rlc is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; b) Y is -NH(CO)CH2-, -NHS(O)2CH2, -NHC(O)-, -NH(CO)CH2NH-, or -NHS(O)2-; c) m is O or 1, and when m is 1 R2 is an optionally substituted group selected from a monocyclic 3-7- membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a bicyclic 7-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a monocyclic 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or a 7-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and d) wherein the two occurrences of R3, taken together, form an optionally substituted 3-6-membered spiro carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
40. The compound of claim 39, wherein: a) R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from:
Figure imgf000141_0001
g
Figure imgf000141_0002
Figure imgf000141_0003
u
Figure imgf000142_0001
W
Figure imgf000142_0002
aa bb cc
Figure imgf000142_0003
and each occurrence of Rla is independently =0, halogen, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -ORlb, or -SRlc; and b) the spiro ring formed from the two occurrences of R3 is an optionally substituted ring selected from:
Figure imgf000142_0004
41. The compound of claim 38, wherein X is N(W-R4), and the compound has the structure of formula I-H:
Figure imgf000142_0005
I-H
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: a) R1 is an optionally substituted 5-8-membered monocyclic or 7-10-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S, wherein R1 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of Rla, wherein each occurrence of Rla is independently halogen, =0, -CN, -NO2, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -ORIb, -SRlc, -S(O)2Rlc, -C(O)Rlb, -C(O)ORlb, -C(0)N(Rlb)2, - S(O)2N(Rlb)2, -0C(0)N(Rlb)2, -N(R')C(O)Rlb, -N(R')SO2Rlc, -N(R')C(0)0Rlb, -N(R')C(O)N(Rlb)2, or- N(R')SO2N(Rlb)2, or two occurences of Rlb or Rlc are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3— 6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur or two occurrences of Rlb, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein: each occurrence of Rlb is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each occurrence of Rlc is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Ci. 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; b) Y is -NH(CO)CH2-, -NHS(O)2CH2, -NHC(O)-, -NH(CO)CH2NH-, or -NHS(O)2-; c) m is O; d) wherein the two occurrences of R3, taken together, form an optionally substituted 3-6-membered spiro carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; e) W is absent, and f) R is an optionally substituted group selected from a monocyclic 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1- 2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a bicyclic 7-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a monocyclic 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or a 7-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
42. The compound of claim 38, wherein X is N(W-R4), and the compound has the structure of formula I-H:
Figure imgf000144_0001
I-H
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: a) R1 is an optionally substituted 5-8-membered monocyclic or 7-10-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S, wherein R1 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of Rla, wherein each occurrence of Rla is independently halogen, =0, -CN, -NO2, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -ORlb, -SRlc, -S(O)2Rlc, -C(O)Rlb, -C(O)OR113, -C(0)N(Rlb)2, - S(O)2N(Rlb)2, -OC(O)N(Rlb)2, -N(R')C(0)Rlb, -N(R')SO2Rlc, -N(R')C(O)0Rlb, -N(R')C(0)N(Rlb)2, or- N(R')SO2N(Rlb)2, or two occurences of Rlb or Rlc are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3- 6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur or two occurrences of Rlb, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, wherein: each occurrence of Rlb is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci-6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each occurrence of Rlc is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- βaliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; b) Y is -NH(CO)CH2-, -NHS(O)2CH2, -NHC(O)-, -NH(CO)CH2NH-, or -NHS(O)2-; c) m is O; d) the spiro ring formed from the two occurrences of R3 is an optionally substituted ring selected from:
Figure imgf000145_0001
e) W is absent, and f) R4 is optionally substituted phenyl.
43. The compound of claim 41 or 42, wherein R4 is optionally substituted with 1-3 occurrences of R4a and each occurrence of R4a is independently -R4b, -T1-R46, or -Vi-T1-R43, wherein: each occurrence of -R4b is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -R4d, -N(R^)2, -OR4c, -SR4d, - S(O)2R4d, -C(O)R40, -C(O)OR40, -C(O)N(R4c)2, -S(O)2N(R4c)2, -OC(O)N(R4c)2, -N(ROC(O)R4=, - N(R')SO2R4d, -N(R^C(O)OR40, -N(ROC(O)N(R40),, or -N(R')SO2N(R4c)2, or two occurences of R4b, R40 or R4d are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or two occurrences of R40, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R40 is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci-6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R4d is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Ci- βaliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R46 is independently an optionally substituted group selected from 3-10- membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of Vi is independently -C(R')=C(R')-, -OC-, -N(R')-, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(O)-, -N(R')SO2-, -N(R')C(O)O-, -NR'C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')S02N(R')-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)N(R' )-O-; and each occurrence of Ti is independently Ci-6 alkylene chain optionally substituted with R3a, wherein the alkylene chain optionally is interrupted by -C(R')=C(R')-, -C≡C-, -N(R')-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)-, -N(R')S02-, -N(R')C(0)0-, -NR5C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')SO2N(R')-, -OC(O)-, or -C(0)N(R')-0- or wherein T1 or a portion thereof optionally forms part of an optionally substituted 3-7 membered cycloaliphatic or heterocyclyl ring.
44. The compound of claim 41 or 42, wherein: a) R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from:
Figure imgf000146_0001
Figure imgf000146_0002
n
Figure imgf000146_0003
Figure imgf000146_0005
Figure imgf000146_0004
w
Figure imgf000147_0001
aa bb cc
Figure imgf000147_0002
and each occurrence of Rla is independently =0, halogen, -Rlc, -N(Rlb)2, -ORlb, or -SRlc; and b) the spiro ring formed from the two occurrences of R3 is an optionally substituted ring selected from:
Figure imgf000147_0003
45. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and a compound of formula I
Figure imgf000147_0004
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: n is 1 or 2;
Y is -Y1-Y2-, or -Y3-Y4- wherein:
Yi is -SO2N(R')-, -C(O)N(R')-; -C(O)N(R')C(O)-, -N(R')SO2-, or -N(R')S02N(R')-, Y2 is absent or is an optionally substituted Ci_g alkylene chain, wherein one or two methylene units of Y2 are optionally and independently interrupted by -O-, -S-, -N(R')-, -C(O)-, -OC(O)-, - C(O)O-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)-, -N(R')C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(O)O-, - OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')S(O)2-, or -S(O)2N(R')-, or wherein Y2, or a portion thereof, is an optionally substituted ring selected from 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-6-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-membered aryl, or 5-6- membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur;
Y3 is -N(R')C(O)-, -NR5C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(O)O-; and
Y4 is an optionally substituted Q_6 alkylene chain, wherein one or two methylene units of Y4 are optionally and independently interrupted by -O-, -S-, -N(R')-, -C(O)-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)O-, -S(O)-, - S(O)2-, -C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)-, -N(R')C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)0-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')S(O)2-, Or -S(O)2N(R')-, each R' is independently hydrogen or optionally substituted Ci-βaliphatic;
R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10- membered aryl, or 5— 10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; ring A is substituted at one or more carbon atoms with m independent occurrences of R2; m is 0-6; each occurrence of R2 is independently halogen, =0, =S, -CN, -R2b, -N(R2a)2, -0R2a, -SR2b, -S(O)2R2b, - C(0)R2a, -C(O)0R2a, -C(O)N(R2a)2, -S(O)2N(R2a)2, -OC(O)N(R2a)2, -N(R')C(O)R2a, -N(R')SO2R2b, - N(R')C(O)OR2a, -N(R')C(O)N(R2a)2, or-N(R')SO2N(R2a)2, or two occurences of R2a or R2b are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6- membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or two occurrences of R2a, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R2a is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci_6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R2b is independently an optionally substituted group selected from C1. 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; ring B is substituted with r independent occurrences of -R3; r is 0-6; each occurrence of R3 is independently -R3a, -TrR3d, or -V1-T1-R311, wherein: each occurrence of -R3a is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -R3c, -N(R3b)2, -OR3b, -SR3c, - S(O)2R3c, -C(O)R3b, -C(O)OR3", -C(O)N(R3b)2, -S(O)2N(R3b)2, -OC(O)N(R3b)2, -N(R')C(O)R3b, - N(R')SO2R3c, -N(R')C(0)0R3b, -N(R')C(O)N(R3b)2, or -N(R')SO2N(R3b)2, or two occurences of R3b or R3c are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7- membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or two occurrences of R3b, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R3b is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci-6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R3c is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- 6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R3d is independently an optionally substituted group selected from 3-10- membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence OfV1 is independently -C(R')=C(R')-, -C≡C-, -N(R')-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)-, -N(ROSO2-, -N(R')C(0)0-, -NR5C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')SO2N(R')-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)N(R' >-O-; each occurrence of Ti is independently Q.6 alkylene chain optionally substituted with R3a, wherein the alkylene chain optionally is interrupted by -C(R')=C(R')-, -C≡C-, -N(R')-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(ROC(O)-, -N(ROSO2-, -N(ROC(O)O-, -NR'C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')S02N(R')-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)N(RO-O- or wherein T1 or a portion thereof optionally forms part of an optionally substituted 3-7 membered cycloaliphatic or heterocyclyl ring; X is -O-, -S-, -SO2-, or -N(W-R4)-;
W is absent or is a group selected from -W1-L2-W2-, wherein Wi and W2 are each independently absent or are an optionally substituted Cπalkylene chain, and L2 is absent or is a group selected from -N(R)-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R)-, -S(O)2N(R)-, -OC(O)N(R)-, -N(R)C(O)-, -N(R)SO2-, -N(R)C(O)O-, -N(R)C(O)N(R)-, -N(R)SO2N(R)-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)N(R)-O-, wherein R is hydrogen or Q.Ctalkyl,, provided that if Wi is absent then L2 is selected from -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, - C(O)O-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)N(R)-, or -S(O)2N(R)-
R4 is an optionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic ring selected from 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, provided that the compound is other than: a) 4-Morpholinebutanamide, N-[3-cyano-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-α- (cyclohexylmethyl)-γ-oxo-; b) 4-Morpholinebutanamide, N-[3-cyano-l -(tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-α- (cyclohexylmethyl)-γ-oxo-; c) 4-Morpholinecarboxamide, N-[(lS)-2-[[3-cyano-l-(l-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-3- pyrrolidinyl] amino] - 1 -(cy clohexylmethyl)-2-oxoethyl] - ; d) 4-Morpholinebutanamide, N[3-cyano-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-α- (cyclohexylmethyl)-γ-oxo; e) Benzeneacetamide, N-[(3S)-l-[l-(2-cyanophenyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-3,4-difluoro-, monohydrochloride; f) Benzeneacetamide, 3,4-difluoro-N-[(3R)-l-[l-(2-nitrophenyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-, hydrochloride; g) Benzeneacetamide, 3 ,4-difluoro-α-( 1 -methylethyl)-N-[(3R)- 1 -[ 1 -(2-nitrophenyl)-4- piperidinyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-, hydrochloride; h) Benzeneacetamide, N-[(3R)-l-[l-(2-cyanophenyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-3,4-difluoro- α-(l-methylethyl)-, (αS)-; i) Benzeneacetamide, N-[(3R)-l-[l-(2-cyanophenyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-3,4-difluoro- α-(l-methylethyl)-, (αR)-; j) [l,4'-Bipiperidme]-3-carboxamide,r-[[2,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-4-pyridinyl]carbonyl]-N- methyl-N-(l-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-, (3R)- ; k) Benzeneacetamide, N-[r-(2-cyanophenyl)[l,4'-bipiperidin]-3-yl]-3,4-difluoro-, monohydrochloride; and
1) Benzeneacetamide, N-[r-(2-cyanophenyl)[l,4'-bipiperidin]-3-yl]-3,4-difluoro-.
46. A method for treating an inflammatory disorder comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound of formula I
Figure imgf000151_0001
I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: n is 1 or 2;
Y is -Y1-Y2-, or -Y3-Y4- wherein:
Y1 is -SO2N(R')-, -C(O)N(R')-; -C(O)N(R' )C(O)-, -N(R')SO2-, or -N(R')SO2N(R')-, Y2 is absent or is an optionally substituted Q_6 alkylene chain, wherein one or two methylene units of Y2 are optionally and independently interrupted by -0-, -S-, -N(R')-, -C(O)-, -OC(O)-, - C(O)O-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)-, -N(R')C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)0-, - OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')S(O)2-, or -S(O)2N(R')-, or wherein Y2, or a portion thereof, is an optionally substituted ring selected from 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-6-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-membered aryl, or 5-6- membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur;
Y3 is -N(R')C(0)-, -NR5C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)0-; and
Y4 is an optionally substituted C1^5 alkylene chain, wherein one or two methylene units of Y4 are optionally and independently interrupted by -O-, -S-, -N(R')-, -C(O)-, -OC(O)-, -C(O)O-, -S(O)-, - S(O)2-, -C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0>, -N(R')C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)0-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')S(O)2-, or -S(O)2N(R')-, each R' is independently hydrogen or optionally substituted Ci-βaliphatic;
R1 is an optionally substituted group selected from 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10- membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; ring A is substituted at one or more carbon atoms with m independent occurrences of R2; m is 0-6; each occurrence of R2 is independently halogen, =0, =S, -CN, -R2b, -N(R2a)2, -OR2a, -SR2b, -S(O)2R2b, - C(O)R2a, -C(O)OR23, -C(O)N(R2a)2, -S(O)2N(R2a)2, -OC(O)N(R2a)2, -N(R')C(O)R2a, -N(R')SO2R2b, - N(R')C(0)0R2a, -N(R')C(O)N(R2a)2, or-N(R')SO2N(R2a)2, or two occurences of R2a or R2b are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7-membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6- membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or two occurrences of R2a, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R2a is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R2b is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- βaliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; ring B is substituted with r independent occurrences of -R3; r is 0-6; each occurrence of R3 is independently -R3a, -T1-R3*1, or -Vi-Ti-R3d, wherein: each occurrence of -R3a is independently halogen, -CN, -NO2, -R3c, -N(R3b)2, -OR3b, -SR3c, - S(O)2R3c, -C(O)R3", -C(O)OR3b, -C(O)N(R3b)2, -S(O)2N(R3b)2, -OC(O)N(R3b)2, -N(R')C(O)R3b, - N(R')SO2R3c, -N(R')C(0)0R3b, -N(R')C(O)N(R3b)2, or -N(R')SO2N(R3b)2, or two occurences of R3b or R3c are optionally taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted spiro, fused, or bridged ring selected from 6-membered aryl, 3-6-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-7- membered heterocyclyl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or 5-6-membered heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or two occurrences of R3b, taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form an optionally substituted 3-7-membered heterocyclyl ring having 1-3 additional heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R3b is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci_6aliphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10- membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R3c is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- galiphatic, 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of R3d is independently an optionally substituted group selected from 3-10- membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each occurrence of Vi is independently -C(R')=C(R')-, -OC-, -N(R')-, -O-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(O>, -N(R')SO2-, -N(R')C(O)O-, -NR5C(O)N(R')-, -N(R')S02N(R')-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)N(R' )-0-; each occurrence of Ti is independently Ci-6 alkylene chain optionally substituted with R3a, wherein the alkylene chain optionally is interrupted by -C(R')=C(R')-, -C≡€-, -N(R')-, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R')-, -S(O)2N(R')-, -OC(O)N(R')-, -N(R')C(0)-, -N(IOSO2-, -NGOC(O)O-, -NR5C(O)N(R')-, -N(R5)SO2N(R5)-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)NGO-O- or wherein T1 or a portion thereof optionally forms part of an optionally substituted 3-7 membered cycloaliphatic or heterocyclyl ring; X is -0-, -S-, -SO2-, or -N(W-R4)-;
W is absent or is a group selected from -Wi-L2-W2-, wherein Wi and W2 are each independently absent or are an optionally substituted Ci-3alkylene chain, and L2 is absent or is a group selected from -N(R)-, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -C(O)N(R)-, -S(O)2N(R)-, -OC(O)N(R)-, -N(R)C(O)-, -N(R)SO2-, -N(R)C(O)O-, -N(R)C(O)N(R)-, -N(R)SO2N(R)-, -OC(O)-, or -C(O)N(R)-O-, wherein R is hydrogen or Ci.C4alkyl, provided that if Wi is absent then L2 is selected from -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, - C(O)O-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)N(R)-, or -S(O)2N(R)-
R4 is an optionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic ring selected from 3-10-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-10-membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, provided that the compound is other than: a) 4-Morpholinebutanamide, N-[3-cyano~l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-α- (cyclohexylmethyl)-γ-oxo-; b) 4-Morpholinebutanamide, N-[3-cyano-l-(tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-a- (cyclohexylmethyl)-γ-oxo-; c) 4-Mθφholinecarboxamide, N-[(lS)-2-[[3-cyano-l-(l-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-3- pyrrolidinylJaminoH-Ccyclohexylmethyl^-oxoethyl]-; d) 4-Morpholinebutanamide, N[3-cyano-l-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-α- (cyclohexylmethyl)-γ-oxo; e) B enzeneacetamide, N-[(3S)- 1 -[ 1 -(2-cyanophenyl)-4-piperidinyl] -3 -pyrrolidinyl}-3 ,4-difluoro-, monohydrochloride; f) Benzeneacetamide, 3,4-difluoro-N-[(3R)-l-[l-(2-nitrophenyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl}-, hydrochloride; g) Benzeneacetamide, 3 ,4-difluoro-α-( 1 -methylethyl)-N-[(3R)- 1 -[ 1 -(2-ni trophenyl)-4- piperidinyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-, hydrochloride; h) Benzeneacetamide, N-[(3R)-l-[l-(2-cyanophenyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-pyrrolidinylJ-3,4-difluoro- α-(l-methylethyl)-, (αS)-; i) Benzeneacetamide, N-[(3R)-l-[l-(2-cyanophenyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-3,4-difluoro- α-(l-methylethyl)-, (αR)-; j) [l,4'-Bipiperidine]-3-carboxamide,r-[[2,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-4-pyridinyl]carbonyl]-N- methyl-N-(l-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-, (3R)- ; k) Benzeneacetamide, N-[r-(2-cyanophenyl)[l,4'-bipiperidin]-3-yl]-3,4-difluoro-, monohydrochloride; and
1) Benzeneacetamide, N-[r-(2-cyanophenyl)[l,4'-bipiperidin]-3-yl]-3,4-difluoro-.
47. The method of claim 46, wherein the disorder is rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, scleroderma, atherosclerosis, neuropathic pain, and type II diabetes.
48. The method of claim 47, wherein the disorder is rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis.
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