WO2007048113A2 - Diversity receiver for wireless communication - Google Patents

Abstract

A diversity receiver capable of receiving a CDMA system (e.g., a W-CDMA system) and a TDMA system (e.g., a GSM system), with receive diversity for at least one system, is described. W-CDMA is often referred to as UMTS. In one design, the diversity receiver includes a first receiver for GSM and a second receiver for UMTS. The first receiver may be implemented with one receiver design, may be spec-compliant for GSM, and may also support UMTS. The second receiver may be implemented with another receiver design, may be spec-compliant for UMTS, and may also support GSM. The first receiver may include a lowpass filter having a bandwidth that is adjustable for GSM and UMTS. The second receiver may include a bandpass filter used to attenuate a transmit frequency range for UMTS. Each receiver may include circuit blocks that are used for both GSM and UMTS.

Description

DIVERSITY RECEIVER FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

BACKGROUND

I. Related Application

[0000] This application claims the benefit of provisional U.S. Application Serial

No .60/728,079, entitled "ACOMBINED ARHITECTURE FOR UMTS AND GSM/EDGE DRIVERS RECEPTlOY," filed October 19, 2005. assigned to the assignee of the present application and incorporated herein by reference in tis entirety for all purposes.

I I. Field

{0001] The present disclosure relates generally to electronics and more specifically to a diversity receiver for wireless communication.

IIl. Background

[0002] In a wireless communication system, a transmitter modulates data onto a radio frequency (RF) carrier signal to generate an RF modulated signal that is more suitable for transmission. The transmetter then transmits the RF modulated signal via a wireless channel to a receiver. The transmitted signal may reach the receiver via one or more propagation paths, e.g. line-of-sight and/or reflected paths. The characteristics of the propagation paths may vary over time due to various phenomena such as fading and multipath. Consequently, the transmitted signal may experience different channel conditions and may be received with different amplitudes and/or phases over time {0003] The receiver processes the received RF signal and attemps to recover the data sent by the transmitter. The performance of the receiver is dependent on the received signa quality, which may fluctuate widely due to fading and multipath. Hence, performance may suffer whenefer the receiver experiences deleterious path effects. This degradation in performance is undesirable.

|0004| There is therefore a need in the art for a receiver that can achieve good performance in the presence of deleterious path effects. SUMMARY

[0005) A dh ersitx receh er capable of receiv ing a Code Div ision Multiple Access (CDMA) system and a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) system, with receive dh ersitx for at least one sysiera. is described herein.

e div ersitv refers to reception of a transmission with multiple antennas to provide diversity against deleterious path effects. The TDMΛ sx stem max be a Global Sv stem for Mobile Communications (GSM)

slem or some other TDMA system. The CDMA system be a Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) .system, a cdma20(K) system, or some other CDMA system, W-CDMA is used in and is also often referred to as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS),

)øøθ&| Jn an embodiment, the div ersity recen er includes a first receiver for GSM and a second receiver for UMTS The fust recen er mas' be implemented with a first receiv er design, may be spec-compliant for GSM. and may also support UMTS The second receh er max be implemented with a second receiv er design, max be spec- compliant (Oi UMTS, and mav aiso support GSM The first receiv er mas' include a low pass filter ha\ iny an adjustable bandvt idth that mav be set for either GSM or I'MTS. The second recen er ma> include a bandpass filter used to attenuate a transmit frequency iange for UMTS. Each recen er max include circuit blocks that are used for both GSM and UMTS- w hich may reduce complexity, cost and circuit area. j 00071 In an embodiment, a switch and filter unit couples the first receh er to a primary antenna when receiv ing GSM and couples the second receiver to the primary antenna when receiv ing UMTS. If the first receiver also supports UVJTS. then the switch and filter unit couples the lust receiv er to a diversity antenna Λ\ hen receiv ing UMTS. If the second receiver also supports GSVl, then the switch and filter unit couples the second recen er to the div ersity antenna when receiving GSM The sw itch and filter unit may also perform filtering for GSM and UMTS. jOOOSf Various aspects and embodiments of the im cmion are described in futther detail below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS j0009| FlG 1 shows a PLMN that includes a GSM network and a UMfS network. |0010| FlG. 2 shoλxs a terminal capable of recen ing UMTS vύth div ershx and GSM. JOOπi FIG. 3 show s a terminal capable of receiv ing GSM with dh erstty and UMTS. J0012J FJO 4 shows a terminal capable of receh ing GSM and UMTS with diversity. j0013( FIG. 5 shows a receiver for OSM and possibly supporting IfNfTS.

\OO14] FlG, 6 shows a receiver lbr UMTS and possibly supporting GSM.

JOOlSl FIGS. 7A and 7β show two units that perform Tillering and RF switching.

[0016] FIGS. 8A and tfB slum mo units that peitorm filioπng and RF sw itching for multiple frequency bands,

10017} FlG ⁽⁾ shows a process to recehe GSM and UMTS

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

J00IS| The dhersit> receher described herein max be used for \ arious wireless communication systems such as €DMΛ

stems, TDMA

stems. Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems. Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) s> stems, and so on. A CDMA system may implement a radio technology such as W-CDMΛ. cdma2000, and so on. cdma2000 co\ers IS-2000. lS-85o. and lS-^5 standards. ΪS-2000 and IS-^Q5 are often referred to as CDM;V2ono Ix. or simply "K^", A TDMΛ s\ stem may implement a radio technology such as GSM. Digital Advanced Mobile Phono System (D-AMPS). and so on. D-AVlPS co\ers IS- 136 and 1S-54. These \ arious radio technologies and standards are known in the art W-C DMA and GSM are described m documents from a consortium named "3rd Genemtson Partnership Project" (3GPP). cdrna2000 is described in documents from a consortium named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2) 3GPP and 3GΪΨ2 documents are publicly a\ailable. (0019| In general, the dnersitv, receiver described herein

support any number of radϊo technologies and any ones of the radio technologies

in the art. For ciarih . the άh

recei\er ts specifically described below for GSM and I⁵KITS. 10020} FIG. I shows a public land mobile network (PLMM) H)O that includes a GSM network 1 10 and a UMTS network 120, The terms ^"network" and "system^" are often used mterchangcabK . UMTK network 120 implements W-CDMA and is also called a UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRΛN) The term "UMTS" and "W-CDMA" are used interchangeably m the description below. GSM network 1 10 and UMTS network 120 are two wireless networks employing different radio technologies (GSM and W-CDMA) bui belonging to the same sen \ ice pto\ idcr or network operator. [002 i{ GSM network I iO includes base stations 1 12 that communicate with terminals within the coverage area of the GSM network. A base station is a fixed station that communicates with the terminals and may also he called a Node B, a base transceiver station (BTS), an access point, and so on. A mobile sw itching center (MSC) U4 couples to base stations 1 12 and proudes coordination and control for these base stations I)VlTS network 120 includes base stations 122 thai communicate with terminals w ithin the coverage mea of the I⁵MTS ncvw ork. A radio network controller (RNC¹) 124 couples to base stations 122 and pros ides coordination and control for these base stations RNC 124 communicates with MSC 114 to support iπter-w orking between the GSM and UMTS networks.

|0022| A terminal 150 is capable of communicating with OSM network l it⁾ and UMl S network 120. ix picaily w ith one wireless network at

gn en moment. This capability allows a user to obtain the performance adv antages of UMTS and the coverage benefits of GSM with the same terminal Terminal 150 may be fixed or mobile and may also he called a user equipment (t H). a mobile station (MS), a mobile equipment (λϊE), and so on Terminal 150

be a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication dev ice, a handheld ice. a subscriber imil. and so on

|0023j Terminal 150 mas be designed to operate on one or more frequency bands commonh used for wireless communication Table i lists the frequency bands that arc commonh used for UMTS and GSM as well as the uphnL/transmit frequenc> range and the

e frequency range for each band

Table 1

|0024j PIG, 2 shows a block diagram of a terminal 150a capable of receiving GSM and UMTS, with receive diversity for UMTS. Terminal 150a is an embodiment of terminal 150 in FlG. i. In this embodiment, terminal 150a includes two antennas 21 Oa and 210b and two receivers 230a and 23Db. The two antennas 2 ! Oa and 210b may be formed in various manners. In an embodiment, antenna 21 Oa is a dipole antenna (e.g., a pull-out antenna often used for a cellular phone), has better performance (e.g., higher antenna gain), and is designated as a primary antenna. Iu an embodiment antenna 210b is a patch antenna formed with printed traces on a circuit board, has worse performance (e.g . lower antenna gain), and is designated as a div ersity or secondaiy antenna. In other embodiments, antennas 21 Oa and 210b may be formed in other manners with wire conductors, printed traces, and so on. as is known in the art.

[0025] Antenna 210a receiv es RP modulated signals transmitted by base stations in the GSM and UMTS networks and prov ides a primary received signal (Pr\) that includes v ersions of the transmitted RF modulated signals. Similarly, antenna 210b receiv es the RF modulated signals and provides a diversity receiv ed signal

that includes different versions of the transmitted RF modulated signals. A switch and filter unit 220 receives the Prx and Dr\ signals, filters each receiv ed signal to remove øut-of~ band components, provides one received signal as a Iu-St RF input signal (Sin i ) to receiver 230a, and prov ides tlie other received signal as a second RF input signal (Sin2) to receiver 23Ob. Several designs of sw itch and filter nnit 220 are described below. [0026| in the embodiment shown in FiG. 2. receiver 230a is a primary receiv er for UMTS and is designed to prov ide good performance for UMTS. Receiver 23Ob is a primary receiv er for GSM and is designed to provide good performance for GSM. Each receiver 230 may be designed to meet applicable requirements for its designated system and ma> be used for that svstem in all operating conditions, e.g.. over a specified range of receiv ed signal lev els. The system requirements may pertain to linearity, dv namic range, sensitivity, out-of-band rejection, and so on. Receiv er 230b is also a secondary' receiver for UMTS but may not be spec-compliant for UMTS. Sev eral designs of receivers 23Oa and 230b are described below. In the following description. "GSM/UMTS^" means that GSM is primarv (e.g.. spec-compliant) and UMTS is secondary (e.g - supported but non spec-compliant). Similarly, "¹UMTSzGSM^" means that UMTS is primarv and GSM is secondary. As used herein. 'Xpec-comphanf means compliant with applicable ss stern requirements, and "non-spec compliant ^* means not fulh compliant with all of the applicable s> stem requirements |002?] Recen ei 23Oa processes the SuU signal <v\ά pioudes a fii&t output baseband signal (Souti) to an analog-to-digitai com eiter (ΛDC) 240a Sitmlaih , iecen ei 230b ptoeosses the Sin2 signal and proΛ idos a second output baseband signal (Sout2) to an ΛDC 240b ΛDC 240a digitizes the Soutl signal and prov ides a first stream of data samples to a data piocessoi 250 Tor fuithei piocessing ΛDC 240b digitizes tlie Sout2 signal and pio\ κles a second stream o( data samples to data pioeessoi 250 \lthougb not shown m HG 2 for simpiicuv . each output baseband signal and each data sample sti earn be a comple\ signal stieam haung an inphase (i) component and a quadrat use (Q) component jOO2S| In the embodiment shown in FIG 2 a signal detectoi 252 meastues the

el of a desired signal, w hich is a signal w ithin an Kb channel of intei est The defied signal detection max be peifosmed in λ arious manneis known m the ait Foi example, an automatic gam cυnUoi ( \GC) loop is t> picalh used to adjust the gains of \ aiiable gain amphfϊeis (Λ GAs.) vwihui the iecen ers so that output baseband

ai thu propet amplitude me proMded to the ADCs The gam control signals for these \ GΛs ate mdieatn c of, and ma\ be mapped to. the dostred signal k\ el Although not shov^χτi in KG 2 a jammei detectoi ma> detect ioi the piesence of jammers ^shich are laige ainpiitude undeMrcd signals near the dcsited signal The iaramct detector mas pro^ tde a i-taiuh signal indicating whether oi nαt jammers are present The outputs from the signal detector and the jammei detector nun bo used to control the opesation of tcccivois 230a and 23Ob

[0029J A controliei piocc^sor 260 directs the opeiation of \ anous units at teiminai 1 ^Oa C ontroller/piocessot 260 mas conttol the touting of the Pi \ and Or\ signals to recei\ ert> 230a and 23Ob depending on which ^ stem is being iccen ed (e g , UM IS ot GSM) C'ontroflei piocessor 260 ma> futthei control the operation of iecen ers 23Oa <uid 2^0b and data ptoccsbor 250 (oi the ss stein being iecen ed A memon 2(>2 stores proguim codes and data for tormina! 150a

[0030| To recen e L MTS with dn eisits . pπman antenna 210a ts coupled to LVIl S recen er 230a, and dn ersin antenna 210b is coupled to GSM UMTS recen er 230b Both rccen ers 23(⁾a and 23(>b aie operaυυnal and process the reeen ed signals from antennas 210a and 2 tθb- iospecta cK To recen e GSM w ithout

. primars antenna 210a is coupled io GSM/UMTS receiver 230b, which processes Hie received signal from antenna 210a. UMTS receiver 230a may be powered down to conserve power.

|0031| PIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a terminal 150b capable of receiving GSM and UMTS, with receive diversity for GSM. Terminal 150b h another embodi.me.nt of terminal .150 in FIG. 1. In this embodiment, terminal 150b includes all of the units in terminal 150a in FlG. 2 except that receivers 230a and 230b are replaced with receivers 330a and 330b. respectively. Receiver 330a is a primary receiver for GSM and may be designed to be spec-compliant for GSM. Receiver 330b is a primary receiver for UMTS and may be designed to be spec-compliant for UMTS. Receiver 330b is also a. secondary receiver for GSM and may or may not be spec-compliant for GSM. Several designs of receivers 330a and 330b are described below.

}0032) To receive GSM. with diversity, primary antenna 210a is coupled to GSM receiver 330a, and diversity antenna 210b is coupled to UMTS/GSM receiver 330b. Both receivers 330a. and 330b are operational and process the received signals from antennas 210a and 2.10b, respectively. To receive UMTS without diversity, primary antenna 210a is coupled to UMTS/GSM receiver 330b, which processes the received signal from antenna 210a. GSM receiver 33Oa. may be powered down, io conserve power.

}0O3-3>! FlG. 4 shows a block diagram of a terminal 150c capable of receiving GSM and I⁾MTS. with receive diversity for both GSM and UMTS. Terminal 150c is yet another embodiment of terminal 150 in FlG. 1. In this embodiment terminal 150c includes all of the units in terminal 150a in FiG. 2 except thai receivers 230a and 230b are replaced with receivers 430a and 430b, respectively. Receiver 430a is a primary- receiver for OSM and may be designed to be spec-compliant for GSM. Receiver 430b is a primary receiver for UMTS and may be designed to be spec-compliant for UMTS. Receiver 430a is also a secondary receiver for UMTS and may or may not be spec- compliant for UMTS. Receiver 430b is also a secondary receiver for GSM and may or may not be spec-compliant for GSM. Several designs of receivers 430a and 430b are described beiow.

J0034} To receive GSM with diversity, primary antenna 210a is coupled to GSM/UMTS receiver 430a, and diversity antenna 21 Ob is coupled to UMTS/GSM receiver 430b. Both receivers 430a and 430b are operational and process the received a

Mgnals ftom antennas 210a and 21 Ob. respoctneϊs To leccπ e LMTS with du ctsm , pπmao antenna 210a is coupled to UMTS-'GSM iecen ei 430b. and dn eisih antenna 210b is coupled to GSM/UMTS recener 430a Both recen ers 430a and 430b ate operational and piocess the iecen ed signals fiom antennas 21 Ob and 210a, respectπ elv [0035] FlG. 5 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of a recoπ or 530 Recen er 530

ma\ also be designed Io recen e LMTS Recen er 530 mav be used for GSM-'L MTS iecen ei 230b in FlG 2 GSM iecen ei 330a m FlG 3, and GSM LMTS iecen er 430a m TIG 4 J0036J Within recen er Mo a low notec amplifier (L\ \) 532 receiv es and amplifies an RIr input Signal (_Sm_ a) with a IKed m \aπab)e gam and proudes an amplified signal ^"1 he Sm a signal ma> be the Sinl oi Sm2 signal in FIGS 2 thiough -1 A dovMicoinerter 536 fiequeno dowπcom etts the ainphiϊed signal u uh a loca! oscillator (LO) signal fiom on LO generator 538 and prσudes a cknsτιcoii\ ertcd signal The frequency of the LO signal is selected such that the signal component in an RF channel of inteiest is dυwncom ened to baseband or neai -baseband hor GSM a freqυencx band cm mam RF channel*, and each RF channel has α bandw idth of 200 KH/ Foi Cλi rS- a frcqoencs band al&o coΛ ori. mam Ri- channels Each R^ channel has a bandw idth of ^ 84 MH/. but the spacing between RF channels JS 5 MH/ jOO3?| Λ lo^\pass filtei (LPF) 540 filters the downcom erted signal to pass The signal components in the RF channel of mloiebt and to iemo\ e noi^e and undcsued signals that mas he genenUed

the downcom ciMon process I OΛs pasb. ftUoi 540 max be designed with a iclatπ eh shaip lofl-off m ordes to attenuate jammers ϊ hese jammers ma> take up a latge portion of the dj namic range of the subsequent ΛDC if thcΛ ate not sudktenth altcntiated Lowpa.ss filter 540 ma*, be implemented vutb Λ attous fillet

che\ and so on) w ith the proper filter otder and bandw idth and with sufficient bias current to meet hneaπtλ and d\ nainic tange requirements Low pass fiUei 540 pioλ ide* a filteied baseband signal Λ

an output baseband s'gual (Sout__a). which

be the Soul 1 or Sout2 signal in FtGS 2 Lbioυgh 4 [0038| In an embodiment, recen er ^O ι% used to recen e onh GbVl In this embodiment, the cucυit blocks m iecea ei 530 ma> be designed speαhcalh iot GS\t filtci 540

a fixed bandwidth for one GSM RF channel LO generator 538 mas proude the LO signal at one of the supported GSVl RF channels. The circuit blocks ma\ he designed k) ptovide the required linearity and namic range for GSM j0039| In another embodiment, receh ei 530 is used lo recede both ClSM and UMTS. In (his embodiment, lhe circuit blocks in receiver 530 may be designed to be spec-compliant for GSM and still be able to receiv o UMTS Lovxpass filter 540

be a tunable filter having an adjustable bandwidth of 100 KH/ for one GSM RF channel ^ hen receiv ing GSM or l .⁽>2 MH/ for one UMTS RF channel when receh ing UMTS The filter bandw idth JUS half of the RF channel bandwidth. LO g«neratoi 53rt mav provide the 1,0 signal at any one of the supported GSM and IfMTS RF channels, j 0040 { FfG, 6 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of a receiver 630 Receh er o30 may be used as the pπman receiv er for UMlS and

also be designed to recen e GSM Receiv er 630 nniv be used i^'or UMTS receπ er 2M)Λ In FlG. 2, UMTS/GSM receiver 33Ob in PIG 3. and I. MIS/GSM receiver 430b in FIG. 4 [0041] Within receiver tθo. an LXA 632 receives and amplifies an RF input signal (Sin b) with a fixed or \ anable gain and prov ides an amplified signal. The Sin b signal ma> bo the Sm ? or Shi2 Signal in F⁾GS 2 tin o ugh 4

J0042J A bandpass filter (BPF) <>34 fillers the amplified signal Io pass signal components in the band of interest and to remov e out~of-band noise and υndesired Signals. UMTS is a full-duplex svstem in which signals raa> be transmitted and received simultaneous!} on U\ o frequency ranges, as shown m Table L Λ tenninal ma\ thus tiansmit an RF modulated signal on the uplink, and concurrently ieceh e an RF input signal on the downlink The Rb modulated signal transmitted by the terminal is fΛ picaih much larger ai amplitude than the receπed RF input signal. Bandpass filter 634 pass the RF components for an entire rcecn e frequency range (eg . (torn 86° to 894 MH/ for the cellular band) and may suppress the RF components for a transmit frequency range (eg . from 824 to 849 MH/ for the cellular band) Bandpass filter (>34 ma} e a pas'sband that corresponds to the entire receive fsequenα range m the band of intercut. Because of the pofcntialK large difference m the transmit and teceh c signal lex cLs, bandpass filler 634 proM^'des a large amount of out-of-band rejection in order to meet system requirements Bandpass filter 634 ma\ be implemented ^uth a surface acoustic

(SAW) filter.

has a sharp roll-off and is commonly used for applications requiring large attenuation of out-of-band signals. Bandpass ftltct 634 mav I O

also be implemented w ith a ceramic filter or some other t\ pe of fillet. Bandpass iϊltcr 634 may also be omitted.

|0G43| Pow ncom eiter 636, LO geneiator 638. Ion pass filter 640. and VGA 642 pioeess the lϊ I lei ed signal from bandpass filler 034 m the manner described abov e lor FIG 5 VGA 642 prov ides an output baseband signal (Sout_b). which mas be the Soul i or Soιu2 signal in FIGS. 2 trough 4

10044J In an embodiment, recen er 630 is used to i

ecei\ e UMTS In this embodiment, the circuit blocks m recen er 630 ma> be designed speαficalK for UMTS Low pass filter 640 may ha\ e a fixed handw idth for one VWVS RF channel. In another embodiment, recener 630 is used to recen e both UMTS and GSM in this embodiment, the circuit blocks in recen er 630 ma> be designed to be spec-compliant for L MTS and still be able to recen e GSVl. Low pass filter 640 ma> be a tunable iϊlier having an adjustable bandw idth for one UMTS RF channel when receiving TMTS and one GS-VI RF channel when recen mg GSM

|0045| HGS 5 and 6 show specific designs for two iecen er designs In geneiai. a recen er raav implement a super-heteiodv ne ai'chiteciurc oi a d»eci-iυ-b«te»cband at chitecUire In the super-heterod>^vne architecture, the RF mpul signal is frequency downconλ erted in multiple stages, e g , from Rh to an intermediate frequencv OF) in one stage, and then from IF to baseband in another stage In the direct-to-baseband architecture, which is show n in FIGS 5 and (>. the RF input signal us !\equenc> dow rtcomeiled from RF directly Io baseband in one stage fht?

ne and direct-to-baseband architectures max use different cnciut blocks and or haΛ c different circuit requirements.

[0046{ In general, a receπ e* ma> porforiTv signal conditioning with one or more stages of amplifies, filter, mixer, and so on A recen er may include different and or additional circuit blocks not shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 For example, additional amplifiers may be insetted prior to downcomεiters 536 and 636. Furthermore, the circuit blocks

be aaanged diffeienth from the airangement show n m FlGS. 5 and 6 For example, low pass filters 540 and 640 may be sw apped w ith. VCAs 542 and 642. respectiΛ eh

J0047J Fl€. 7A show s a block diaguim of a switch and filter unit 22Oa. which us an embodiment of unit 220 in FIGS. 2 tluough 4 Within unit 220a. an RF switch 712a has its input coupled to primary antenna 21 Oa, a first output coupled to a GSM transmitter, <ι .second output coupled to a duplexer 714, and a tlurd output coupled Io a bandpass filter 716 An RF switch 712b has its input coupled to dπ ctsitx antenna 21Ob. a first output coupled to duplexer 714. and a second output coupled to bandpass filler 7 I (\ DupJexer 714 has anothei input coupled to a UMTS tiansrmtter and an output coupled to recener 630 Bandpass filters 710 Altcis a receiv ed RF signal i.om RF SΛUtch 712a or 7 12b to pass signal components m the band of interest and piovides an RF input signal to recen er 530 Bandpass filiei 716 nia> pass an entire iecen e frequencs range fot a band of mteiest and rna> hai e a bandwidth oϊ 10 to 75 Mil/, depending on the frequence band. aj> shown in Table ! Bandpass filter 716 ma> be implemented with a SAW filler, a ceramic filter, or some othei i\ pe of Il her jflO4S| Lλ'i rS ΪS a full-duplex svstem in which signals are simultaneoush uammitted and received on different fiequencv ranges To tiaαsmit receiv e UMTS. RF sx\ itch 7 I 2a coupler pnmarv antenna 21 Oa to duplex er 714 Duplexer 714 i outes an RF modulated signal from the IΛ1 TS transmitter to pπman antenna 210a and furthei routes a tecened RF signal fioin the pπman antenna to IΛH S iecen ei o30 Duplexer 714 also peifoπns filtering of the iecen ed RF signal RF svuich 712b couples dn

antenna 210b to bandpass illter 71 <->

er <->?0 processes the

signal from prima antenna 210a and provides a pnmaiΛ output baseband signal for UMTS {PRX VWl S ) Recen ei 530 processes the Dr\ signal fiom dn ersitv antenna 210b and pio\ tdc9 a dπ CtSJh output baseband signal fot I MTS (DRX UMTS) J0049J OSM is a half-duplex s\ ^tem in which signals are transmitted and receiv ed in different time interv als Fo nansttst receiv e CfSM RF switch 712a couples pπmarx antenna 21 Oa between tiie OSM transmitter and bandpass filter 716 for OSM iecen ei SM⁾ at apptυpi iate times RF

7 12b couple* dn etsiU antenna 2il>b to

714 Receiv er 530 processes the Pr\ signal from pπmatΛ antenna 210a and piw ides a primary output baseband signal for GSNJ (PRX GSM) Recen er MO processes the Drx signal fiojn dn ersitv antenna 210b and ptoudes a div etsiK output baseband signal foi GSM (DRX GSM)

[0050] FlO. 7B shows a block diagram of a switch and (liter unit 220b, which is another embodiment of unit 220 in HGS 2 through 4 Within unit 220b, an RF switch 712c has i&> input coupled to pάnwn antenna 210a. a firvt output coupled to a GSM transmjtteu and a second output coupled to duplexer 714 Dπ cibih antenna 210b is coupled diiccth to bandpass filter 716 10051] To transmit/receive UMTS, RF switch 712c couples primary antenna 21 Oa to duplexer 714, which couples the UAiTS transmitter and a primary receiver 730a to the primaty antenna. Receiver 730a processes the Prx signal from primary antenna 21 Oa and provides PRX UMTS. A receiver 730b processes the Drx signal from diversity antenna 210b and provides DRX UMTS. To transmit/receive OSM, RF switch 712c couples primary antenna 210a between the GSM transmitter and duplexer 714 at appropriate times. Receiver 73Oa processes the Prx signal and provides PRX GSM Receiver 730b processes the Drx signal and provides DRX GSSM J0052J Jn the embodiments shown in FIGS. 7 A and 7B, duplexer 714 passes the received RF signal for both UMTS and GSM. and bandpass filter 716 also passes the received RP signal for both UMTS and GSM. In the embodiment shown in PIG. 7A₁ receiver 630 is the primary receiver for KMTS and the diversity receiver for CiSM, and receiver 530 is the primary receiver for GSM and the diversity receiver for UMTS. Receiver 630 may be spec-compliant for UMTS, and receiver 530 may be spec- compliant for GSM. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7B, receiver 730a is the primary receiver for both UMTS and GSM, and receiver 730b is the diversity receiver for both UMTS and GSM. Receiver 730a may be spec-compliant for both UMTS and GSM J0053] F(G. SA shows a block diagram of a switch and filter unit 220c, which is yet another embodiment, of unit 220 in FIGS. 2 through 4. Unit. 220c supports operation on three frequency bands, which may be any of the ones listed in Table 1 and/or other frequency bands. Wilhin unit 22Oc₅ an RF switch 812a has its input coupled to primary antenna 2.10a, two outputs coupled to two GSM. transmitters for two frequency bands, another three outputs coupled to dupiexers 814a, 8.14b and 814c for three frequency bands, and yet another three outputs coupled to bandpass filters (BPFs) 8.18a, 818b and SlSc for three frequency bands. An RP switch 8.12b has its input coupled to diversity antenna 210b and three outputs coupled to bandpass fillers 816a, 816b and 816c for three frequency bands.

J0054] To transmit/receive UMTS on a given desired frequency band. RF switch 812a couples primary antenna. 210a to a duplexer 814 for the desired frequency band, which couples a LiMTS transmitter and a receiver 830a to the primary antenna. RF switch 8.12b couples diversity antenna 210b to a bandpass .filter 81.6 for the desired frequency band, which further couples to a receiver 830b. Receiver 830a processes the U

Pt\ signal from piimars anienna 2J Oa and proudes PRX UMTS, Receiver 830b piocesses the DIΛ. signal from di\

antenna 210b and proudes DRX VMl S j0055| To transmit_* J ecen e GSM on a giv en desπed frequencs band, RF sw itch 812a couples pitman antenna 210a between a GSM uansmUtei and a bandpass illtei K lS foi the desired irequoucx band RF switch 812b couple* dn cisUx antenna 210b to a bandpass filtei 81<-> for the desired frequenc) band Recen er 83Ob processes the Prs. signal fiom primary antenna 210a and proudes PRX GSM Recenei 83Oa processes the

ides ORX GSM jO056| FIG. SB ihows a block dtagi am of a sw itch and filter unit 22Od, w hich is \ et aiwthei embodiment of unit 220 m HGS 2 through 4 lnii 22Od supports operation on foia lYequeπcv bands,

max be am of tiie ones listed m lable i and/oj other UeqυencΛ ba∑ids Within unit 22^± an RF switch 812c has us input coupled to pπmαπ anienna 210a, tv» o outputs coupled to two GSM tπmsmitters foi tw o frequoncv bandb. and another ibin outputs coupled to duplexes 8 i4a, 814b. K Nc and Hϊ4d for lbι» frequency bands Λn RF svMtch 812d has its input coupled lυ dn ersit> antenna 2 lob cind foui outputs coupled to bandpass fillets 8 J 6a 81(>b 816c and H bid for ibui bands. j0057[ To trans.mil/recen o L MTS on a given denned freqυenc} band RF sw itch 812c cυuples pπman antenna 210a to a dupiexei 814 lor the desired

band, which couples a 1^VMTS transmitter and a rueen er 83Oc to the

antenna RF switch 8 J2d couples dπ ersitx antenna 210b to a bandpass filter S16 for the desired freqυencx band whtJi further couples to a receiver H30d Recen ei 830c proteges the PIΛ signal fiom prunars antenna 21(>a and pιo\ ides FRX LM l S Recen er 83ud processes the Dr\ signal from dn ersits antenna 2i(ib atui pio\ ides DRX I'MTS [OOSSj To lumsmit/ieceue GSVl on a gw en desired frequencx band, RF switch K 12c couple*, ptunan, antenna 21 Oa between a GSM transmitter and a duplex or K !4 for the desued HequencΛ band Rl^ sw itch 8!2d couples dneisvts antenna 210b tυ a bandpass filter 816 for the desired froquenes band Recen er 83Oc piocesses ihe

signal fiom pπroarx antenna 210a and

PRX GSM Receu cr 83Od ptoccsses the

ides ORX GSM j0059{ In the embodiment shown m FICJ BA dυplexeis 8 i4a Λrough 814c pa^s the recened RF signal (oi TMTS bandpass filters 81Ha thiough 818c pass the ieccned RF Mgnal foi GSM, and bandpass fillers 816a. thiough 816c pass the recen ed RF sss/ual for both I¹MTS and GSM Reeoπet 83Od us the pπmarx recoπet for UMTS and lhc dnersm receπei Jbi GSM. and recener 830b is the pπman recener foi GSM and the dnersit) teceπet foi t'MTS Recenei 830a maj be spec-compliant foi UMTS, and iecmei 830b max he spec-compliant ioi GSM In the embodiment shown in FIG SB. duplesors 8 !4a though Nl4d pavs the recen ed RT signal for both UMTS ami GSM. and bandpass filters S 1 (>a through 8 i 6d also pass the recen ed RF signal for both U \1 f S and GSM Recenei K30c is the piiman recener for both UMTS and GSM. and iecenei 83Od is the dnersits iecenei ioi both UMTS and GSM Recen et 830c mav be ,spec- complumt for both I MIS and GSVf

J⁽HUiOj FlG.9 shows an embodiment of a piocess ¹H⁾O peifoimed b) a terminal to iecene GSVl and UMIS The teimmal has a first

ej lor GSM and a second iecentu foi LMTS

not suppoit T₁VfTS and the second recener ma\ oi max not vuppoit GSM The lciminal supports ieceno dner^ih for

S

1006 ϊ I [he tenrmial selects to iecene eithej GSM or UMTS (block 9H⁾) IfGSM is selected as determined in block ⁽>1^ then the first recener lor GSM ts coυpied U> the pπman antenna (block 920) and Ji. enabled to recene GSM (block *->22) Ff the second recener also supported GSM (eg, in the embodiments

m MGS 3 and 4) at> tletei mined m block '>24 then the second recener is cυupled to the dnersiu antenna (block ⁽⁾2(i» and is enabled io tecoπ c GSM (block S>28)

|0062J if UMfS is selected as determined in block ^ 12. then the second recener for UMfS is coupled to the pπmaπ antenna (block 930) and n> eovibled to receive LM f S (block 932) If the fast recener also supposed UMIS (e g in the embodiments shown in FIGS 2 and 4). as doteurnnod m block ⁽>>4, [hen Lhc fitst teconei (^ coupled to the dn ersm antenna (^"block 9}<->) and is enabled to tecen e I MTS (block 938) J0063] fhe pitman recener for each svstem is txpicallx designed to be spec- compliant fhi^ often entatls biasing the circuit blocks m the iecenei sxith suflicieαt biab current in oide) to meet linearis and dxnamic umge requirements tot the xunst- cahe opetatmg conditions, which txpicailx correspond to km desned signal level and huge jammer lei el

the woiki-case condiUυtu. are often not encounteied and. m such instances the pπman iecen ei be opeiated with lower bias cuiient in ordet to ieduce povxer consumption One ot inoie detectv>is mas bo u&cd to ascertain the operating conditions, e y to detect for the desired signal lev el and or the jammer lex ol The bias current for the reeonet mas bo ad|usted based on (be delected operating conditions

|G064| When operating two ieceneis simultaneous!) for iecene dneisih, the secondan iecenei

be operated with lower bias cυnenl to i educe powei consumption Recen o dnorsit} goncialh relies on the pnmais and ά\\ ert>it\ antennas being somewhat uncouelated. so that when one antenna is in deep fade the othei antenna is not also in deep fade Hence when the piiman antenna is in deep lade the dπetsit) antenna i.s t\ picalh not in deep fade and the secondary recener is piocyssmg a recen ed signal that is not weak and ma\ then be operated at bwer

ciment j0065{ Recen e dnersit} mas also be enabled en disabled based on the detected operating conditions foi the pnman recen er Fυr example iecene d

ι\ ma> be enabled

ei lot the prunmv iecener is detected to be low and mas be disabled otherwise

[0G66| tor clarits. the

recen er has been specificalh descubed foi GbM and IMiS 1 he

receiver

also be used for other s's stems The dn ersit> recen er ma% be designed with (J) a iu\\ recen er to iecene one t« more TDM Λ. s\ stems and possibh one oi mose CDMA s\ stems «ind (2) a second iecenoi to retcne lhc one or mote CDMA ^sterns and possibh the one or moie FDMA s\ items The IDMA svstem(s5

include GSM and υi other IDMA s> stems The CDM \ sWem(s)

include W-CDMA. cdma2000 and/υi otlier CDMA sss>tenis For example, the dιu*rsH% iecenei ma\ support a combination of GSM and K, a combination of UMTS and iv a combination of GSM, UMIS and K. and bo on Lυwpass filter 540 in MG 5 and lowpass filtei 640 in MG ft

be designed with adjuitabie bandwidώ υf H)O KH/ for one GSM RF channel. 192 Mil/ lot one W- CDMA RF channel and or 610 KH/ for one K RF channel

10067] 41! or a large portion of the dn ersm iccen ei ma\ be implemented on one or moiβ RF integrated ciicuits (RFICs) For example the switch and filter section and the ioceucis except the SΛW fiUeis. mαs he implemented on one or mure RFICs The dueiaih recen er tm\ aho be fabπcawd wnh \anous IC process technologies such as complement ar\ metal oxide semi conducing (CVIOS). bipolat junction transistoi (Bj ϊ). bipolar-CMOS (BJCMOS). silicon geimamum (SiGe). gaihum aisenide (Ga.\.s) and so on Tlie dn

recen er αiav aUo be implemented ith disciete circuit components j0068| The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the an to make or use the present invention, Various modifications to these embodiments mil be readih apparent to those skilled m (he an, and the generic principles defined herein

be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the irn eniion. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to bε accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and

features disclosed herein.

|P069| WHAT IS CLAIM El) IS:

Claims

ClAJMS

1 An apparatus comprising a fits! ieecnei for Uπnersal Mobile Telecommunications fvwcm (UNtTS), and a second recen er for Global S\stem foi Mobile C ommunications (.GS-M ) and UMTS

2 The appaiatυs of claim 1, wherein the first ieccn cr comprises a bandpass lϊllei to attenuate a nansmit

uinge for i, MTS

3 The appaiatus of claim L therein the second recen er comprises a low pass filter Inn nig a bandw idth that is adjustable for GSVI and I \ΪTS

-I The appaialus of claim 3. whetem the Sow pass filter is set to a bandwidth oi 100 KI i/ for GSM and to a bandwidth of 1 92 MI Ϊ ' foi I MTS

5 The apparatus of claim 1. wherein the second recen er is opeiated w ith full bias current when teceiwng OSM and with ieduced bias current when receding UMTS

6 The apparatus of claim 1. wherein the first iecen er is spec-compliant for L MTS and the second recen er is spec-coirφhant for GSM

7 lhe apparatus of claim I , further comprising a unit configmed to couple the first recen er to a pnmaπ antenna and the secυnd recen er to a an

antenna when recen mg L M f S and to couple the second iecen ei to the pnrnats antenna when reeeiung GSM

8 1 he apparatus of claim 7 wherein the ptimaπ and

antennas at e two different t> pes υf antenna, with the pπman antenna ha> ing bettei peiformance than the dπ eiMlx antenna

9 I he apparatus of claim 7. w herein the unit comps i-.es a switch configured to couple the primary antenna to the fit si or .second receiv er.

10. The apparatus of claim '\ wherein the unit further compiles a duplexer coupled between the .sw itch and the ikst receh er. and a bandpass filter coupled between the sw itch and the second receh er.

1 1 The apparatus of claim 1. wherein the second recen er comprises a dov^com erter used for both GSM and UMTS.

12. The apparatus of claim K wheiein the second receiv er comprises a low noise amplifier ( LNA) used for both GSM and UMTS.

13 The apparatus of claim K wherein the second receh er comprises a v ariable gain amplifier (VGA) used for both GSM and UMTS,

14. The appajatus of claim 1 , further comprising at least one detector configured to determine operation conditions for the apparatus: and a controller configured to control operation of the first and second receiv ers based on the deteimined operation conditions

15 An apparatus comprising means for receiv ing Univ ersal Mobile Telecommunications

(UMTS), and means for receiv ing Global Svstem for Mobile Communications (GSM) and UM IS using at least one common circuit block

10 The apparatus of claim 15. wherein \he means for iecoh ing GSM and UMTS computes means for filtering with a bandwidth that is adjustable for GSM and I'M fS

17 The apparatus of claim 15. further comprising: means (or coupling a pπman. antenna to the means for ioceu ing I ^rMTS and the means for receis m ⁴ea> OSM and UM ϊ S

18 An appauuus conipi ising a iirbt recen or for Global S\ t.tem for Mobile Communications (GSM). and a second ieceu er for Uπn eisa! Mobile T elecommunications SA Stem (UM TS) and GSVI

19 The appmatus of claim 18, therein the second iecen ei compπbcb a

mg a bandwidth that is adjustable foi UM 1 S and GSM

20 The appaiattis of claim 18 wheiem the first recen er ΪJ> spec-conipluinl for GSM and the socond receπ ci ii. spec -compliant for UMTS

21 I he apparatus of claim 18 fuilhei compπsmg a unit configuied to couple the Iu^t recov er to a pπmaπ <wrtcnna and the secυnd recen er to a dn ersits antenna when recemng GSVi and to couple the second receπcr to the pi! man antenna when iecenmg TλJ 1 S

22 The appatatus oi claim 21

herein the unit comprises ά switch configured to couple the pi i mars antenna to the firt>t or second iecen ei

23 lhe apparatus of claim 22 whejein the unit fuithei comprises a bandpabs filloi coupled between the switch and the lust recen er and a duple\eϊ coupled between the s^ ttch and the second icceiv ei

24 _'\n appaiatus compusmg a ill it iecener opemtne to iecen o Global SN stem for Mobile Communications (GSNf) and Lnn er^al Mobile Tolecommυmcaboos S\ stem (UMTS), and a second recener operatπe to receπe LMTS and CtSM wherein the first and second recen ers ate opeiatn e to pio\ κle iecen e di\ eisin foi UMTS and GSM

25. The apparatus of chum. 24 wherein the first .receiver is .spec-compliant for GSM and the second receiver is spec-compliant for UMTS.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, Λvherein the first receiver is non-spec compliant for UMTS and the second receiver is non-spec compliant for GSM.

The apparatus of claim 24, w herein the first receiver comprises a .first lowpass filter having a bandwidth that is adjustable for GSM and UMTS, and wherein the second receiver comprises a. second lowpass filter having a bandwidth thai is adjustable for UMTS and GSM.

28. The apparatus of claim 24, further comprising: a first switch operative to couple a primary antenna to the first or second receiver; and a second switch operative to couple a diversity antenna to the first or second receiver.

29. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the first and second receivers are operable for multiple frequency bands.

30. An apparatus comprising: a first receiver operative to receive a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) system; arid a second receiver operative to receive a Code Division Multiple Access (CT)MA) system, wherein the first receiver is further operative to receive the CDMA. system_,, or the second receiver is further operative to receive the TDMA system, or both the first receiver is further operative to receive the CDMA system and the second receiver is further operative to receive the TDMA system.

31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the TDMA system is a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) system and the CDMA system is a Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) system.

32. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the TDMA system is a Global Sv stem for Mobile Communications (GSM) system and the CDMA sv stem is a cdma2000 s\ stem.

33. A method comprising: selecting to receiv e Global S> stem for Mobile Communications (GSM) or Univ ersal Mobile Telecommunications Sv stem ( 1.⁵MTS). if GSM is selected enabling a first receiver to receiv e GSM and enabling a second receiv er to receiv e GSM if supported by the second receiv er: and if UMTS is selected, enabling the second receiv er to receive UMlS and enabling the first recen er to receh e UMTS if supported by the firsi receπ er.

34 The method of claim 33, further comprising: if GSM is selected, coupling the first receiv er to a primary antenna: and if IiMTS is selected, coupling the second receπ ci to the primary antenna.