WO2007024001A1 - 超音波探傷方法及び継目無管の製造方法 - Google Patents
超音波探傷方法及び継目無管の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007024001A1 WO2007024001A1 PCT/JP2006/316871 JP2006316871W WO2007024001A1 WO 2007024001 A1 WO2007024001 A1 WO 2007024001A1 JP 2006316871 W JP2006316871 W JP 2006316871W WO 2007024001 A1 WO2007024001 A1 WO 2007024001A1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/221—Arrangements for directing or focusing the acoustical waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2487—Directing probes, e.g. angle probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
- G01N29/262—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by electronic orientation or focusing, e.g. with phased arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
- G01N29/265—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by moving the sensor relative to a stationary material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4454—Signal recognition, e.g. specific values or portions, signal events, signatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/042—Wave modes
- G01N2291/0421—Longitudinal waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/056—Angular incidence, angular propagation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
- G01N2291/106—Number of transducers one or more transducer arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/263—Surfaces
- G01N2291/2634—Surfaces cylindrical from outside
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for flaw-detecting an inner surface flaw existing on the inner surface of a tubular flaw detection material such as a steel pipe, and a method for manufacturing a seamless pipe using the flaw, and particularly to a flaw detection for a tubular flaw. It is possible to detect inner surface flaws having various inclination angles with respect to the axial direction of the material with almost the same detection ability regardless of the wall thickness to outer diameter ratio of the tubular flaw detection material and the inclination angle of the inner surface flaws.
- the present invention relates to a possible ultrasonic flaw detection method and a seamless tube manufacturing method using the same. Background art
- a seamless pipe which is a typical pipe, is manufactured by punching a billet with a piercer to form a hollow shell and rolling the hollow shell with a mandrel mill or the like.
- this seamless pipe there are flaws having various inclination angles with respect to the axial direction (hereinafter referred to as “inclination flaws” as appropriate).
- This slanting flaw is caused by a longitudinal crack flaw originally present in the billet being deformed in the above-mentioned manufacturing process in the axial direction, or to maintain a hollow shell path center. It is said that it is caused by the transfer of flaws on the guide surface of the guide show. Therefore, the inclination angle of the inclined flaw with respect to the axial direction of the seamless pipe varies depending on the diameter of the seamless pipe and the cause of the occurrence. That is, in the seamless pipe, there are inclined flaws having various inclination angles.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-116251 discloses an ultrasonic probe with an appropriate position and a position depending on the position and inclination angle of a tilt flaw to be detected. There has been proposed a method of detecting flaws by arranging them at an inclination angle.
- Patent Document 1 since the method described in Patent Document 1 needs to change the inclination angle of the ultrasonic probe each time according to the inclination angle of the inclination flaw to be detected, it is extremely troublesome. There is a problem that it takes.
- a large number of ultrasonic probes are prepared and arranged at different inclination angles. There is a need. That is, there is a problem that the arrangement and calibration of the ultrasonic probe are complicated, and a large-sized device is essential and the cost is increased.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 61-223553 (hereinafter referred to as Patent Document 2) that solves the problems in the method described in Patent Document 1 includes a plurality of transducers (elements for ultrasonic transmission / reception).
- a flaw detection method using an array-type ultrasonic probe in which a) is arranged in a row has been proposed. More specifically, the arrangement direction of the transducers is aligned with the axial direction of the tube, and the ultrasonic probe is arranged so as to be decentered from the axial center of the tube, thereby transmitting the transverse wave ultrasonic wave into the tube.
- the inclination angle of the ultrasonic waves transmitted and received by the ultrasonic probe (inclination angle with respect to the axial direction of the tube) is changed by electronic scanning that electrically controls the transmission and reception timing of ultrasonic waves by each transducer. This is a method for detecting flaws having various inclination angles.
- Patent Document 2 mainly has the following problems.
- FIG. 1 shows an inclination angle of an inclined flaw in an inspection method using an array type ultrasonic probe confirmed by an experiment by the inventor of the present invention (the direction between the extending direction of the inclined flaw and the axial direction of the pipe). It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between the angle formed) and reflected echo intensity. More specifically, FIG. 1 shows a fixed amount of eccentricity when an array type ultrasonic probe similar to that described in Patent Document 2 is arranged with the axial force of the tube eccentric.
- the direction in which the inclined flaw extends and the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the ultrasonic probe (the propagation direction seen from the normal direction of the tangential plane of the tube including the incident point of the ultrasonic wave)
- the reflected echo intensity at each tilt flaw (reflection at a tilt flaw with an tilt angle of 0 °)
- the echo intensity is OdB Relative strength).
- the inventor of the present invention uses the method described in Patent Document 2 even if the same size of tilting flaw (depth 0.5 mm ⁇ length 25 mm). We found the problem that the intensity of the reflected echo differs depending on the tilt angle of the.
- the eccentricity of the array-type ultrasonic probe is set to a constant value so that the direction in which the inclined flaw extends and the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave transmitted by the ultrasonic probe force are orthogonal to each other.
- the angle (inner refraction angle) formed by the normal line of the tube and the ultrasonic wave (center line of the ultrasonic beam) at the point reaching the point, and the ultrasonic wave (ultrasonic beam center line) incident on the tube are
- the angle (outer surface refraction angle) formed by the normal of the tube at the point reaching the outer surface and the ultrasonic wave (center line of the ultrasonic beam) is
- the inventor of the present invention thought that this was caused by a change in response to the above.
- the inventor of the present invention has a problem that the method described in Patent Document 2 has a problem that the intensity of the reflected echo varies depending on the tilt angle of the tilt flaw. We have found that there is a risk of missing harmful flaws and overdetecting fine flaws that do not require detection.
- An ultrasonic flaw detection method using an array type ultrasonic probe with a child has been proposed.
- the inner surface flaw detection tendency tends to be lower than that of the outer surface flaw, and thus there is a risk that the inner surface flaw may be missed.
- the inventor of the present invention considered that this is because the inner surface refraction angle becomes too larger than the outer surface bending angle depending on the thickness-to-outer diameter ratio of the tube and the inclination angle of the inclined flaw.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a side surface of a cone having an ultrasonic wave incident point on the tube as a vertex and a perpendicular line at the incident point as a central axis.
- the force that keeps the incident angle of the ultrasonic wave on the tube constant that is, the outer surface refraction angle is kept constant
- the inclined flaw having the desired inclination angle are removed.
- An ultrasonic flaw detection method for detection has been proposed.
- the inner surface refraction angle is also larger than the outer surface refraction angle, which is a constant value, according to the wall thickness to outer diameter ratio of the tube and the inclination angle of the inclined flaw. Therefore, there is a problem that the detection ability of the inner surface defect is lower than that of the outer surface defect.
- both of the methods described in Patent Documents 3 and 4 are based on Snell's law, and the ultrasonic wave (longitudinal wave ultrasonic wave) in the contact medium filled between the ultrasonic probe and the tube.
- the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic wave in the tube (transverse wave ultrasonic wave), and the external refraction angle that can be derived from the incident angle of the ultrasonic wave to the tube are the basis for setting the flaw detection conditions.
- the detection ability of the inner flaw is lowered and the detection becomes difficult.
- the conventional ultrasonic flaw detection method has a problem that the detection ability of the inner surface flaw existing on the inner surface of the tube is lowered due to the ratio of the wall thickness to the outer diameter of the tube and the inclination angle of the inclined flaw.
- detecting internal flaws by ultrasonic flaw detection is more important than external flaws. This is because external flaws can be easily inspected by visual inspection and other NDI methods such as eddy current testing and leakage flux testing.
- the ultrasonic flaw detection target is not limited to seamless pipes.
- welded pipes such as spiral pipes and boring axles may cause inclined flaws. It is common for ultrasonic testing of all tubular test materials.
- the present invention has been made to solve such problems of the prior art, and an inner surface flaw having various inclination angles with respect to the axial direction of the tubular flaw detection material is formed into a tubular flaw detection flaw.
- an ultrasonic flaw detection method that can be detected with substantially the same detection ability irrespective of the thickness-to-outer diameter ratio of the material and the inclination angle of the inner surface flaw, and a method of manufacturing a seamless pipe using the same. Is an issue.
- the inventor of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems diligently studied. As a result, as long as the flaw detection conditions are set so that the inner surface refraction angle is not less than 35 ° and not more than 60 °, the inner surface flaws can be detected regardless of the wall thickness to outer diameter ratio and the inclination angle of the inner surface flaws. It was found that the reflected echo intensity can be made approximately the same, and that internal flaws can be detected with the same detection ability.
- the present invention has been completed based on the knowledge of the inventor. That is, the present invention is a method of performing ultrasonic flaw detection by placing the ultrasonic probe according to claim 1 in opposition to an outer surface of a tubular flaw detection material, wherein the ultrasonic flaw detection is performed.
- the incident angle ai in the circumferential direction of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the child to the tubular flaw detection material, and the axial incident angle i8 i to the tubular flaw detection material of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the ultrasonic probe Depending on the wall thickness to outer diameter ratio tZD of the tubular flaw detection material, the inner surface refraction angle 0 k calculated from the wall thickness to outer diameter ratio tZD of the tubular flaw detection material is 35 ° or more and 60 ° or less.
- the ultrasonic flaw detection method is characterized in that the circumferential incident angle ai and the axial incident angle ⁇ i are set.
- the circumferential incident angle ai and the axial direction are set according to the thickness-to-outer diameter ratio tZD of the tubular flaw detection material so that the inner surface refraction angle 0 k is not less than 35 ° and not more than 60 °.
- the incident angle i8 i will be set.
- the thickness-to-outer diameter ratio tZD of the tubular flaw detection material and the inner surface flaw can be made substantially the same, and consequently the inner surface flaw can be detected with almost the same detection ability. It is possible to put out.
- the "inner refraction angle” means the ultrasonic wave U (the center line of the ultrasonic beam) that has entered the tubular flaw detection material P on the ultrasonic wave propagation surface of the tubular flaw detection material P.
- the “circumferential incidence angle” means the normal line L3 of the tubular flaw detection material P at the incident point O of the ultrasonic wave U (ultrasonic beam center line) in the circumferential cross section of the tubular flaw detection material P and the above-mentioned This means the angle ai with the ultrasonic wave U (the center line of the ultrasonic beam) (see Fig. 3 (b)).
- the “axial incident angle” means that the normal line L4 of the tubular flaw detection material P at the incident point O of the ultrasonic wave U (ultrasonic beam center line) in the axial cross section of the tubular flaw detection material P and the super This means the angle ⁇ i between the sound wave U (the center line of the ultrasonic beam) (see Fig. 3 (c)).
- the circumferential incident angle ai and the axial incident angle i8 as described in claim 2 of the claims.
- the circumferential incidence angle ai and the axial incidence angle i8 i so that the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave incident on the tubular flaw detection material calculated from i is substantially orthogonal to the direction in which the flaw to be detected extends.
- at least one of the circumferential incident angle ai and the axial incident angle j8 i may be adjusted so that the inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k is not less than 35 ° and not more than 60 °. It is preferable.
- the ultrasonic probe according to claim 3 is an array-type ultrasonic probe in which a plurality of vibrators are arranged, and the plurality of transducers By electrically controlling the transmission / reception timing of the ultrasonic wave by the ultrasonic wave, at least one of the circumferential incident angle ai and the axial incident angle i8 i of the ultrasonic wave transmitted to the tubular flaw detection material is electrically It is set as the structure adjusted automatically.
- At least one of the circumferential incident angle ai and the axial incident angle ⁇ i can be easily and reproducibly without using a mechanical declination mechanism. It is possible to adjust well. Furthermore, automatic adjustment according to remote control and tZD of the tubular flaw detection material can be realized.
- the inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k has a circumferential incidence angle a i, an axial incidence angle 13 i, a tubular shape, It is calculated from the thickness to outer diameter ratio tZD of the flaw detection material. Specifically, it can be calculated by the following equation (1) as described in claim 4 of the claims.
- Vs is the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic wave propagating in the tubular flaw detection material
- Vi is the ultrasonic wave propagation in the contact medium filled between the ultrasonic probe and the tubular flaw detection material. Means carrying speed.
- k and ⁇ ′ in the equation (4) are represented by the following equations (5) and (6), respectively.
- the “propagation angle” means the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave (center line of the ultrasonic beam) incident in the tubular flaw detection material P (the tangential plane of the tubular flaw detection material P including the ultrasonic incident point O). (Propagation direction as seen from the normal direction) and the circumferential tangent line of the tubular flaw detection material P passing through the incident point O (see Fig. 3 (a)). Also, the “outer surface refraction angle” means that the ultrasonic wave U (the center line of the ultrasonic beam) incident on the tubular flaw detection material P on the ultrasonic wave propagation surface of the tubular flaw detection material P is the tubular flaw detection flaw.
- the outer surface refraction angle ⁇ r in the above equation (1) is a function of the circumferential incident angle ai and the axial incident angle j8 i (VsZVi is a constant value) as shown in equation (3). If).
- the propagation angle ⁇ in the above equation (1) is a function of the circumferential incident angle ai and the axial incident angle ⁇ i as shown in the equation (2).
- the angle ⁇ in the above equation (1) is a function of k and ⁇ ′, as shown in equation (4).
- k is a function of the wall thickness to outer diameter ratio tZD of the tubular flaw detection material as shown in the above equation (5)
- ⁇ ′ is the propagation angle ⁇ as shown in the above equation (6). It is a function of the external bending angle 0 r. Therefore, the angle ⁇ is a function of the circumferential incident angle ai, the axial incident angle, and the wall thickness to outer diameter ratio tZD of the tubular flaw detection material.
- the inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k represented by the above equation (1) results in the circumferential incident angle ai, the axial incident angle i8 i, and the wall thickness to outer diameter ratio tZD of the tubular test object. Is a function of
- the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is to perform ultrasonic flaw detection by arranging an ultrasonic probe as claimed in claim 5 opposite the outer surface of a tubular flaw detection material.
- the method includes an incident angle ⁇ w of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the ultrasonic probe to the tubular flaw detection material, a propagation angle ⁇ of the ultrasonic wave incident on the tubular flaw detection material, and the tubular flaw detection material.
- the inner surface refraction angle 0 k calculated from the thickness-to-outer diameter ratio tZD of the flaw detection material is set to 35 ° to 60 ° or less. It is also provided as an ultrasonic flaw detection method characterized by setting ⁇ w and the propagation angle 0.
- the incident angle ⁇ w and the propagation angle ⁇ are set according to the wall thickness-to-outer diameter ratio tZD of the tubular flaw detection material so that the inner surface refraction angle 0 k is not less than 35 ° and not more than 60 °. Will be set.
- the inner surface flaws extending in the direction orthogonal to the set ultrasonic wave propagation direction can be detected regardless of the wall thickness to outer diameter ratio tZD of the tubular flaw detection material and the inclination angle of the inner surface flaws.
- the reflected echo intensity at the flaw can be made substantially the same, and consequently, flaws on the inner surface can be detected with a detection ability of the same degree.
- the “incident angle to the tubular flaw detection material” refers to the incident point O of the ultrasonic wave U (the center line of the ultrasonic beam) on the ultrasonic wave propagation surface of the tubular flaw detection material P. This means the angle ⁇ w formed between the normal L3 of the tube flaw detection material P and the ultrasonic wave U (the center line of the ultrasonic beam) (see Fig. 7 (d)). If the incident angle ⁇ w is determined, the refraction angle ⁇ s is uniquely determined by Snell's law. Therefore, “setting the incident angle ⁇ w” in the present invention is literally This is a concept that includes not only setting the incident angle ⁇ W but also setting the refraction angle ⁇ S.
- the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave incident on the tubular flaw detection material according to claim 6 in the claims After setting the propagation angle ⁇ so as to be substantially orthogonal to the direction in which the flaw to be detected extends, the incident angle ⁇ w is set so that the inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k is not less than 35 ° and not more than 60 °. It is preferable to adjust.
- the internal refraction angle ⁇ k is calculated from the incident angle ⁇ w, the propagation angle ⁇ , and the wall thickness to outer diameter ratio tZD of the tubular flaw detection material. It is possible to calculate by the following formula (1) as described in claim 7 in the range.
- Vs is the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave propagating through the tubular flaw detection material
- Vi is the ultrasonic wave propagation in the contact medium filled between the ultrasonic probe and the tubular flaw detection material. Means carrying speed.
- k and ⁇ ′ in the equation (4) are represented by the following equations (5) and (6), respectively.
- the outer surface refraction angle ⁇ r in the above equation (1) is a function of the incident angle ⁇ w (when VsZVi is a constant value) as shown in the equation (7).
- the angle ⁇ in the above formula (1) is expressed by the formula ( As shown in 4), it is a function of k and ⁇ '.
- k is a function of the wall thickness to outer diameter ratio tZD of the tubular flaw detection material as shown in the above equation (5)
- ⁇ ′ is the propagation angle ⁇ as shown in the above equation (6).
- the external refraction angle ⁇ r is a function of the incident angle ⁇ w (when VsZVi is a constant value) as shown in the equation (7).
- the angle ⁇ in the above formula (1) is expressed by the formula ( As shown in 4), it is a function of k and ⁇ '.
- k is a function of the wall thickness to outer diameter ratio tZD of the tubular flaw detection material as shown
- the angle ⁇ is a function of the incident angle ⁇ w, the propagation angle ⁇ , and the wall thickness to outer diameter ratio tZD of the tubular flaw detection material. Therefore, the inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k represented by the above equation (1) is a function of the incident angle ⁇ w, the propagation angle ⁇ , and the wall thickness to outer diameter ratio tZD of the tubular flaw detection material.
- the present invention that solves the above-mentioned problems includes a first step of manufacturing a seamless pipe by perforating a material billet, and the first step as described in claim 8.
- a seamless pipe manufactured by the process includes a second step of flaw detection using the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 7. Also provided as a method of manufacturing a seamless pipe Is done.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the inclination angle of an inclined flaw and the reflected echo intensity in a flaw detection method to which a conventional array-type ultrasonic probe is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the ultrasonic flaw detector according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing the propagation behavior of ultrasonic waves in the ultrasonic flaw detector shown in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the inner surface refraction angle and the reflected echo intensity at the inner surface flaw.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of an ultrasonic flaw detector according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of an ultrasonic flaw detector according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing the propagation behavior of ultrasonic waves in the ultrasonic flaw detector shown in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of an ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus for performing the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 (a) is a front view
- FIG. b) shows a side view.
- Fig. 3 is an explanatory view showing the propagation behavior of the ultrasonic wave in the ultrasonic flaw detector shown in Fig. 2.
- Fig. 3 (a) is a perspective view
- Fig. 3 (b) is a cross-sectional view in the pipe circumferential direction
- Fig. 3 (c) is a cross-sectional view in the tube axis direction
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 100 includes a plurality of (in this embodiment, 128) strip-like vibrators (in this embodiment, dimensions: 0.75 mm XI Omm, oscillation frequency) (5MHz) 11 is arranged in a linear array type ultrasonic probe 1 and transmission / reception control means 2 for controlling transmission / reception of ultrasonic waves by the ultrasonic probe 1.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 100 uses the amplitude of the reflected echo from the tube P (more specifically, the reflected echo synthesized by the waveform synthesis circuit 223 described later) as a predetermined threshold value.
- a flaw determination circuit 3 for detecting flaws existing in the pipe P and an alarm output means 4 for outputting a predetermined alarm or the like when a flaw is detected by the flaw determination circuit 3 are provided. Yes.
- the ultrasonic probe 1 is disposed to face the outer surface of the tube P via a contact medium (water in the present embodiment) so that the arrangement direction of the transducers 11 is along the axial direction of the tube P. .
- the ultrasonic probe 1 can be moved in the horizontal direction (in the direction of the arrow X in FIG. 2 (b)) by a positioning mechanism (not shown) composed of a ball screw and the like, and at any position. It is possible to fix with.
- the transmission / reception control means 2 includes a transmission circuit 21, a reception circuit 22, and a control circuit 23.
- the transmission circuit 21 is connected to each transducer 11 to supply a pulse signal for transmitting an ultrasonic wave from each transducer 11, and a delay time of the pulse signal supplied from each pulsar 211 to each transducer 11.
- the receiving circuit 22 is connected to each transducer 11 respectively.
- the control circuit 23 selects the transducer 11 that transmits / receives ultrasonic waves from among the plurality of transducers 11 arranged, and the delay set by the delay circuit 212 or the delay circuit 222 for each selected transducer 11 Works to determine time
- the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the ultrasonic probe 1 can be changed by setting a predetermined transmission delay time in the delay circuit 212. Is possible. Then, a predetermined reception delay time (generally, the same delay time set by the delay circuit 212) is set by the delay circuit 222 to the reflected echo amplified by the receiver 221, and then synthesized by the waveform synthesis circuit 223. As a result, it is possible to selectively amplify the ultrasonic wave propagating from a specific direction.
- the delay control by the delay circuit 212 and the delay circuit 222 according to the present embodiment, the electrical declination of ultrasonic waves along the arrangement direction of the transducers 11 (the axial direction of the tube P). Is possible. That is, by the delay control by the delay circuit 212 and the delay circuit 222, the ultrasonic incident angle j8 i of the ultrasonic wave on the pipe P (the normal line L4 at the point O of the pipe P and the ultrasonic wave in the cross section in the pipe axial direction). The angle formed by beam U (see Fig. 3 (c)) will be determined.
- the ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus 100 includes a predetermined number of transducers 11 among the plurality of transducers 11 constituting the ultrasonic probe 1.
- the transducer group a transducer group consisting of 16 transducers in this embodiment
- the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves (longitudinal ultrasonic waves) in the contact medium (water)
- ultrasonic waves in the tube P transverse waves
- arrangement pitch of transducer 11 etc. Set the calculated transmission delay time and reception delay time, and transmit and receive ultrasonic waves deflected by the axial incident angle ⁇ i to detect flaws. It has been configured.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 100 has a thickness-to-outer diameter ratio tZD of the tube P so that an inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k (described later) is not less than 35 ° and not more than 60 °.
- a circumferential incident angle ⁇ i and an axial incident angle j8i are set.
- each transducer 11 force constituting the ultrasound probe 1 is transmitted to the point A on the inner surface of the tube P after the point O force on the outer surface of the tube P is also incident. And reach point B on the outer surface of pipe P. Then, the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave incident from point O (the propagation direction seen from the normal direction force of the tangential plane of the tube P including the incident point O) and the circumferential tangent line L of the tube P passing through the incident point O
- the angle formed (propagation angle) is ⁇ (hereinafter also referred to as “propagation direction ⁇ ” where appropriate), and the external refraction angle at point ⁇ (in the ultrasonic propagation plane shown in Fig.
- Vs is the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave propagating in the pipe P
- Vi is the propagation of the ultrasonic wave in the contact medium filled between the vibrator 11 and the pipe P.
- ⁇ is a straight line passing through the pipe center C and the point O and a straight line passing through the pipe center C and the point A in the cross section in the pipe axis direction shown in Fig. 3 (b). This means the angle (equal to the angle formed by the straight line passing through tube center C and point A and the straight line passing through tube center C and point B), and is expressed by the following equation (4).
- the ultrasonic propagation direction ⁇ and the outer surface refraction angle ⁇ r are determined by the ultrasonic wave propagation to the tube P determined by the eccentricity of the ultrasonic probe 1. It is a function of the incident angle in the circumferential direction and the incident angle in the axial direction of the ultrasonic wave into the tube P. Further, the inner surface refraction angle 0 k represented by the above formula (1) is derived from the above formulas (2) to (6), and the circumferential incidence angle ai, the axial incidence angle j8i, and the tube P It is a function of the wall thickness to outer diameter ratio tZD.
- the amount of eccentricity when the ultrasonic probe is arranged eccentrically from the axis of the tube P is made constant (that is, the eccentricity is constant).
- the tube of the ultrasonic wave is made so that the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave and the direction in which the tilt extends are perpendicular to each other under the condition that the incident angle ai in the circumferential direction to the tube P determined according to the core amount is constant). Only the inclination angle of P with respect to the axial direction is changed (only the axial incident angle j8i is changed).
- Fig. 4 shows an inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k in a state in which the direction in which the inner surface flaw (depth 0.5 mm x length 25 mm) extends and the propagation direction ⁇ of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the ultrasonic probe are orthogonal to each other.
- An example of the reflected echo intensity at the internal flaw when the angle is changed in the range of 30 ° to 75 ° is shown. Note that the change in reflected echo intensity as shown in Fig. 4 shows the same tendency regardless of the ultrasonic propagation direction ⁇ . As shown in Fig.
- the experimental data shown in Fig. 4 is compared with the numerical data obtained by numerical calculation, the behavior in the range where the internal refraction angle ⁇ k exceeds 60 degrees is different.
- the internal refraction angle ⁇ k is about 30 ° or less, when the transverse ultrasonic wave that reaches the inner surface of the tube P is reflected, more than 50% of the energy is mode-converted into a transverse wave force longitudinal wave. This is divided. Due to this mode conversion, the intensity of the transverse ultrasonic wave propagating in the tube P is lowered, resulting in a problem that the ability to detect external flaws with 1.0 skip is reduced. If this problem is avoided and the spread of the ultrasonic beam of about ⁇ 2 ° to 5 ° is taken into consideration, the internal refraction angle is set so that mode conversion to longitudinal waves does not occur during reflection on the inner surface of the tube P. It is necessary to set the condition so that ⁇ k is 35 ° or more.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 100 has an inner surface refraction angle 0 k of 35 ° or more and 60 ° or less (preferably, a change in reflected echo intensity is small 35 ° or more 55
- the angle of incidence in the circumferential direction ai and the angle of incidence in the axial direction i8 i are set according to the wall thickness to outer diameter ratio tZD of the pipe P.
- the reflected echo intensity at the inner surface flaw can be made substantially the same, and consequently the inner surface flaw can be obtained with almost the same detection ability. Can be detected.
- the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave incident on the pipe P is substantially orthogonal to the extending direction of the flaw to be detected.
- the circumferential incident angle ai and the axial incident angle j8 i are set so that the inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k is 35 ° or more and 60 ° or less. Adjust at least one of them! ,.
- the reflected echo intensity at the inner surface flaw is further increased.
- This is preferable in that it can be made the same level in one layer, and the detectability of inner surface flaws can be made even higher.
- Table 1 shows the circumferential incidence angle ai and axial incidence angle j8 i of the ultrasonic flaw detector 100 for various pipes P with an outer diameter of 190 mm and a wall thickness of l lmm (tZD 5.8%).
- the results of calculating the ultrasonic propagation angle ⁇ , outer surface refraction angle ⁇ r, and inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k when the values are set are shown.
- the above formulas (1) to (6) were used for these calculations.
- the eccentricity of the ultrasonic probe 1 is increased. Assuming a constant amount However, as shown in conditions D, E, and F in Table 1, by setting the eccentricity (circumferential incident angle ai) and the axial incident angle j8 i appropriately, the internal refraction angle 0 k is set to 40 °. It can be within the range of 56 ° or less. If the change in the inner surface refraction angle 0 k is about this level, as shown in FIG.
- the change in the reflected echo intensity at the inner surface flaw is about 10 dB.
- the first transducer group when adopting a configuration in which three transducer group forces simultaneously transmit and receive ultrasonic waves, the first transducer group satisfies the condition D in Table 1 and the second transducer group
- condition ⁇ in Table 1 and condition F in Table 1 for the third transducer group, a single internal flaw having inclination angles of 0 °, 22 ° and 45 ° is set. It is possible to detect with the ultrasonic probe 1 at the same time.
- Table 2 shows various values of the circumferential incident angle ai and the axial incident angle j8 i of the ultrasonic flaw detector 100 for a tube P having an outer diameter of 160 mm and a wall thickness of 28 mm (tZD 18%).
- the results of calculating the ultrasonic propagation angle ⁇ , outer surface refraction angle ⁇ r and inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k in the case of setting are shown.
- the above formulas (1) to (6) were used for these calculations.
- the numerical values of the eccentricity (circumferential incident angle ai) and the axial incident angle j8 i are different from conditions D, E, and F in Table 1.
- the ultrasonic wave propagation angle T 0 ° or more and 45 ° or less
- the ultrasonic probe Even if the eccentricity of the element 1 is constant, the inner surface refraction angle 0 k can be in the range of 41 ° to 51 °.
- the amplification factor of the receiver 221 depends on the propagation angle ⁇ of the ultrasonic wave (depending on the inclination angle of the inner surface flaw).
- the inner surface flaw inclination angle (ultrasonic wave propagation angle 0) is 67 ° (Condition G in Table 1 and Condition D in Table 2). ) Or 78 ° (Condition H in Table 1 and Condition E in Table 2), the eccentricity (circumferential incident angle ai) and axial incident angle ⁇ i are adjusted for each inclination angle of the inner surface flaw. Need to be set.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of an ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus for performing the ultrasonic flaw detection method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 (a) is a side view
- FIG. b) shows the front view.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 100A according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of (32 in the present embodiment) strip-shaped vibrators (in the present embodiment, dimensions: 0.75 mm ⁇ 10 mm, 3 ⁇ 4).
- (Oscillation frequency: 5 MHz) 1 is provided with an array-type ultrasonic probe 1A in which 1 1 is arranged on a concentric arc of a tube P, and a transmission / reception control means 2 for controlling transmission / reception of ultrasonic waves by the ultrasonic probe 1A.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 100A according to the present embodiment also compares the amplitude of the reflected echo from the tube P with a predetermined threshold value.
- a flaw determination circuit 3 for detecting flaws existing in the pipe P and an alarm output means 4 for outputting a predetermined alarm or the like when a flaw is detected by the flaw determination circuit 3 are provided.
- the ultrasonic probe 1A is disposed so as to face the outer surface of the tube P via a catalytic material (water in this embodiment) so that the arrangement direction of the transducers 11 is along the circumferential direction of the tube P. Yes.
- Each resonator 11 is arranged to be inclined in the axial direction of the tube P so that the transmitted ultrasonic wave has a predetermined axial incident angle j8 i (17 ° in the present embodiment). Therefore, the incident angle
- the transmission / reception control means 2 has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment.
- the delay control by the delay circuit 212 and the delay circuit 222 the arrangement direction of the transducers 11 (the circumference of the tube P) Direction deflection) of ultrasonic waves along the direction) is possible. That is, the circumferential direction of the ultrasonic wave to the pipe P is controlled by the delay control by the delay circuit 212 and the delay circuit 222.
- the incident angle ai will be determined.
- the ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus 100A performs an ultrasonic detection in the contact medium (water) with respect to the 32 transducers 11 constituting the ultrasonic probe 1A.
- the ultrasonic wave deflected by the circumferential incident angle ai is transmitted and received to detect flaws.
- ultrasonic flaw detection over the entire length of the pipe P is realized by spirally conveying the pipe P in the axial direction.
- the inner surface refraction angle 0k represented by the above-described formula (1) is 35 ° or more and 60 ° or less, as in the first embodiment.
- the circumferential incident angle ai and the axial incident angle j8 i are set according to the wall thickness-to-outer diameter ratio tZD of the pipe P.
- the amplification factor of the receiver 221 is changed in accordance with the change in the inner surface refraction angle 0 k within the range of 35 ° to 60 °. Is preferable in that the reflected echo intensity at the inner surface flaw can be made to be the same level, and the detection ability of the inner surface flaw can be made to be the same level.
- Table 3 shows that the circumferential incidence angle ai of the ultrasonic flaw detector 100A is set to various values for the tube P with an outer diameter of 190 mm and a wall thickness of l lmm (tZD 5.8%) (incident in the axial direction).
- the angle j8 i is fixed at 17 °), and the results of calculating the ultrasonic propagation angle ⁇ , outer surface refraction angle ⁇ r, and inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k are shown.
- the above formulas (1) to (6) were used for these calculations.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector according to the present embodiment is configured by combining the ultrasonic flaw detector 100 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 and the ultrasonic flaw detector 100A according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. It is. More specifically, the ultrasonic probe 1 included in the ultrasonic flaw detector 100 and the ultrasonic probe 1A included in the ultrasonic flaw detector 100A are arranged along the circumferential direction of the tube or It is configured along the axial direction of the pipe.
- the transmission / reception control means 2 for controlling the transmission / reception of ultrasonic waves by the ultrasonic probe may be provided separately for each of the ultrasonic probe 1 and the ultrasonic probe 1A. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which both the probe 1 and the ultrasonic probe 1 are combined.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 100A according to the second embodiment as shown in Table 3, by fixing the axial incident angle j8 i and changing the circumferential incident angle ai, 50 ° It is possible to detect almost the same internal flaw at any inclination angle within the range of 90 ° or less. Therefore, according to the ultrasonic flaw detector according to this embodiment in which the ultrasonic flaw detector 100 and the ultrasonic flaw detector 100A are combined, the inner surface of any inclination angle within the range of 0 ° to 90 °. Scratches can be detected almost equally.
- 8 i of the ultrasonic flaw detector 100 can be simply changed by delay control. Since no mechanical adjustment of the incident angle j8 i is required, the setting of the flaw detection conditions is extremely simple and the flaw detection efficiency can be increased.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector employs a configuration including two ultrasonic probes 1 and two ultrasonic probes 1A, and is arranged as follows, for example, Internal flaws with any inclination angle within the range of 0 ° or more and 360 ° or less can be detected almost equally.
- each ultrasonic probe 1 is arranged so that the signs of the eccentricity (circumferential incident angle ai) of each ultrasonic probe 1 are reversed with respect to each other. Delay control is performed so that the positive and negative signs of the change range of the axial incident angle j8 i are reversed.
- the ultrasonic probes 1A are arranged so that the positive and negative signs of the axial incident angles of
- Delay control is performed so that the positive and negative signs of the change range of the direction incident angle ai are reversed from each other. Thereby, it is possible to detect the inner surface flaw of any inclination angle within the range of 0 ° to 360 ° almost equally.
- a configuration including a two-dimensional array type ultrasonic probe in which minute transducers are arranged along the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the tube P is also possible to adopt. Even in such a configuration, the circumferential incidence angle ai and the axial incidence angle j8 i are adjusted by performing delay control of each transducer so that the inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k is not less than 35 ° and not more than 60 °.
- the inner surface of any inclination angle within the range of 0 ° to 360 ° Scratches can be detected almost equally.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of an ultrasonic flaw detector according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, where FIG. 6 (a) is a perspective view and FIG. 6 (b) is a plan view.
- Fig. 7 shows the ultrasonic probe shown in Fig. 6.
- FIG. 7 (a) is a perspective view
- FIG. 7 (b) is a cross-sectional view in the pipe circumferential direction
- FIG. 7 (c) is a plan view
- FIG. (d) shows a cross-sectional view along the ultrasonic wave propagation plane (the plane including point 0, point A, and point B shown in Fig. 7 (b)).
- FIG. 7 shows a perspective view
- FIG. 7 (b) is a cross-sectional view in the pipe circumferential direction
- FIG. 7 (c) is a plan view
- FIG. (d) shows a cross-sectional view along the ultrasonic wave propagation plane (the plane including point 0, point A, and point B shown in
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 100B includes an ultrasonic probe 1B and transmission / reception control means 2B for controlling transmission / reception of ultrasonic waves by the ultrasonic probe 1B. Further, the ultrasonic flaw detector 100B according to the present embodiment compares the amplitude of the reflected echo from the pipe P with a predetermined threshold value, thereby detecting a flaw determination circuit 3 that detects a flaw existing in the pipe P; And an alarm output means 4 for outputting a predetermined alarm or the like when a defect is detected by the defect determination circuit 3.
- the ultrasonic probe 1B is disposed opposite to the outer surface of the tube P via a contact medium (water in this embodiment). More specifically, the ultrasonic probe 1B is configured so that the incident point O of the transmitted ultrasonic wave on the tube P is held at a specific position (shown in FIG. 6 (b)).
- a mechanism (not shown) that enables the ultrasonic probe 1B to pivot along the ellipse S can be manufactured as a relatively simple structure using known mechanical elements. The detailed explanation is omitted.
- the transmission / reception control means 2B includes a pulser that is connected to a transducer included in the ultrasound probe 1B and supplies a pulse signal for transmitting the transducer force ultrasound, and the transducer And a receiver for amplifying the reflected echo received by the vibrator.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 100B having the above-described configuration, the direction in which a flaw as a detection target extends and the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the ultrasonic probe 1B are substantially orthogonal to each other. Then, the ultrasonic probe 1B is fixed at a predetermined position on the turning trajectory along the ellipse S, and the tube P is flawed. Thereby, a flaw having a specific inclination angle can be detected. In this embodiment, ultrasonic flaw detection over the entire length of the pipe P is realized by carrying the pipe P in the axial direction.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 100B is also the same as in the first to third embodiments.
- the incident angle ⁇ w and the propagation angle ⁇ are set so that the inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k represented by the equation (1) is 35 ° or more and 60 ° or less.
- the reason will be described more specifically with reference to FIG. 7 as appropriate.
- the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the ultrasonic probe 1B is incident on the outer surface of the tube rod and then reflected by the dot beam on the inner surface of the tube tube.
- the point B on the outer surface shall be reached.
- the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave incident from point O is propagation direction seen from the normal direction of the tangential plane of tube P including incident point O
- the circumferential tangent line L of tube P passing through incident point O are formed.
- the angle (propagation angle) is ⁇ (hereinafter also referred to as “propagation direction ⁇ ” where appropriate), and the outer surface refraction angle at point ⁇ (in the ultrasonic propagation plane shown in Fig.
- the normal L1 at point ⁇ of tube L Is the angle of internal refraction at point A (in the ultrasonic wave propagation surface shown in Fig. 7 (d), normal line L2 at point A of tube P and ultrasonic beam U ) Is 0 k.
- the incident angle of the ultrasonic wave to the tube P is 0.
- An ultrasonic wave incident on the tube P at an incident angle ⁇ w exhibits a geometrical optical propagation behavior. That is, the ultrasonic wave incident on the tube P at the incident angle ⁇ w propagates into the tube P at the refraction angle ⁇ s determined according to Snell's law. And, as derived geometrically, the external refraction angle 0 r is equal to the refraction angle ⁇ s. That is, the following formula (7) is established.
- Vs is the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic wave propagating in the tube P
- Vi is the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic wave in the contact medium filled between the ultrasonic probe 1B and the tube P. Means.
- the inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k represented by the above-described equation (1) is equal to the incident angle ⁇ w, so that the above-described equation (7) and the above-described equations (4) to (6) are also derived. It is a function of the propagation angle ⁇ and the tube wall thickness-to-outer diameter ratio tZD.
- the ultrasonic propagation direction ⁇ matches the circumferential direction of the tube ⁇ (i.e.
- the difference between the inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k and the outer surface refraction angle ⁇ r calculated by the above equation (8) is about 10 °.
- the inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k when detecting the inner surface flaw extending in the axial direction of the tube P (detected by ultrasonic waves whose propagation direction ⁇ coincides with the circumferential direction of the tube tube) and the circumferential direction of the tube P are extended.
- the difference between the inner surface bending angle 0 k when detecting inner surface flaws will be within the range of about 10 °, and both inner surface flaws will be There is no significant difference in detectability.
- the inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k calculated by the above equation (8) becomes larger than the outer surface refraction angle ⁇ r by 20 ° or more ( In other words, by changing the propagation direction ⁇ from the axial direction of the tube P to the circumferential direction, the inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k becomes larger than 20 °), and the detection ability of the inner surface flaw extending in the axial direction of the tube P is increased. It will decrease. Similarly, the detectability of the inner surface flaw having an inclination angle between the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the tube P decreases as the inner surface refraction angle 0 k increases.
- the internal flaw is independent of the inclination angle of the internal flaw (regardless of the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave 0).
- the flaw detection may be performed at an internal refraction angle of 0 k so that the reflected echo intensity at the same level is approximately the same.
- Such a range of the inner surface refraction angle 0 k is 35 ° or more and 60 ° or less (preferably 35 ° or more and 55 ° or less with little change in reflected echo intensity) as shown in FIG. 4 described above.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 100B is configured so that the inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k is 35 ° to 60 ° (preferably 35 ° to 55 ° with little change in reflected echo intensity).
- the incident angle ⁇ w and propagation angle ⁇ are set according to the thickness-to-outer diameter ratio tZD of P. More specifically, the ultrasonic probe 1B is made into an ellipse S so that the direction in which the flaw to be detected extends and the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the ultrasonic probe 1B are substantially orthogonal. Swivel along Thus, the propagation angle ⁇ is set.
- the incident angle ⁇ w is set.
- the reflected echo intensity at the inner surface flaw can be made substantially the same regardless of the wall thickness-to-outer diameter ratio tZD and the inclination angle of the inner surface flaw, and consequently the inner surface flaw can be detected with almost the same detection capability. Can be detected.
- the reflected echo intensity at the inner surface flaw is adopted. This is preferable in that it can be made the same level, and the detection ability of the internal flaw can be made the same level.
- the ultrasound probe 1B is placed on the major axis of the ellipse S.
- the incident angle 0 w of ultrasonic waves transmitted when positioned (referred to as 0 wl) and the incident angle of ultrasonic waves transmitted when the ultrasonic probe 1B is located in the minor axis portion of the ellipse S 0 w (referred to as ⁇ w2) is expressed by the following equations (9) and (10), respectively.
- the incident angles 0wl and 0w2 represented by the above formulas (9) and (10) satisfy the following formula (11) and are based on the incident angles ⁇ wl and ⁇ w2, respectively.
- the shape (x, y and h) of the ellipse S is determined according to the tZD of the pipe P to be flawed so that the inner surface refraction angle 0 k calculated in the above is within the range of 35 ° to 60 °.
- the shape (x, y, and h) of the ellipse S is the incident angle ⁇ expressed by the above-described equation (9). It was determined that wl was about 18 ° and the incident angle ⁇ w2 expressed by Equation (10) was about 14 °. Such incident angles ⁇ wl and ⁇ w2 are given by the above formula ( 11) can be satisfied, and the inner surface refraction angle 0 k represented by the formula (1) can be in the range of 35 ° to 60 °.
- the results of calculating the ultrasonic propagation angle ⁇ , incident angle ⁇ w, outer surface refraction angle ⁇ r, and inner surface refraction angle ⁇ k when swung along the axis are shown. For these calculations, the above-described equations (1) and (4) to (7) were used.
- the inner surface refraction angle is 0 k. Not only can it be maintained within the range of 35 ° to 60 °, but it can also be set to a nearly constant value.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CA2619827A CA2619827C (en) | 2005-08-26 | 2006-08-28 | Ultrasonic testing method and manufacturing method of seamless pipe or tube |
US11/990,934 US8495915B2 (en) | 2005-08-26 | 2006-08-28 | Ultrasonic testing method and manufacturing method of seamless pipe or tube |
BRPI0615440-9A BRPI0615440B1 (pt) | 2005-08-26 | 2006-08-28 | Método de teste ultra-sônico e método de fabricação de cano ou tubo sem costura |
JP2007532217A JP4596337B2 (ja) | 2005-08-26 | 2006-08-28 | 超音波探傷方法及び継目無管の製造方法 |
CN2006800311413A CN101263384B (zh) | 2005-08-26 | 2006-08-28 | 超声波探伤方法及无缝管的制造方法 |
EP06783100.8A EP1918701B1 (en) | 2005-08-26 | 2006-08-28 | Ultrasonic flaw detection method and method of producing seamless tube |
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JP2005-245475 | 2005-08-26 | ||
JP2005245475 | 2005-08-26 | ||
JP2006-175610 | 2006-06-26 | ||
JP2006175610 | 2006-06-26 |
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US (1) | US8495915B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1918701B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4596337B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0615440B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2619827C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007024001A1 (ja) |
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US8161818B2 (en) * | 2008-10-29 | 2012-04-24 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Device for detecting a flaw in a component |
US8196472B2 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2012-06-12 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Ultrasonic probe apparatus, system, and method for detecting flaws in a tubular |
US8166823B2 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2012-05-01 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Membrane-coupled ultrasonic probe system for detecting flaws in a tubular |
US20120053895A1 (en) * | 2010-08-18 | 2012-03-01 | Noam Amir | Method and system for evaluating the condition of a collection of similar elongated hollow objects |
US8746070B2 (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2014-06-10 | Tejas Testing & Inspection, Inc. | Phased array ultrasonic examination system and method |
US9116098B2 (en) | 2013-02-12 | 2015-08-25 | General Electric Company | Ultrasonic detection method and system |
US9482645B2 (en) | 2013-05-17 | 2016-11-01 | General Electric Company | Ultrasonic detection method and ultrasonic analysis method |
KR20200089265A (ko) | 2017-10-27 | 2020-07-24 | 웨스팅하우스 일렉트릭 컴퍼니 엘엘씨 | 부식 박화 검출을 개선하기 위한 장치 및 방법 |
JP6629393B1 (ja) | 2018-07-10 | 2020-01-15 | 株式会社東芝 | 制御方法、検査システム、プログラム、及び記憶媒体 |
CN111650282B (zh) * | 2020-06-03 | 2023-05-12 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | 纤维缠绕复合材料三角形管的超声c扫检测方法和装置 |
CN116237818B (zh) * | 2022-12-29 | 2024-07-02 | 广东中海万泰技术有限公司 | 一种深孔加工的偏移量测量方法 |
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- 2006-08-28 US US11/990,934 patent/US8495915B2/en active Active
- 2006-08-28 EP EP06783100.8A patent/EP1918701B1/en active Active
- 2006-08-28 JP JP2007532217A patent/JP4596337B2/ja active Active
- 2006-08-28 CA CA2619827A patent/CA2619827C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP6081028B1 (ja) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-02-15 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 超音波測定装置 |
WO2017122346A1 (ja) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-07-20 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 超音波測定装置 |
CN109738520A (zh) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-05-10 | 陈英锋 | 一种新式的管道及容器破损检测装置 |
CN109738520B (zh) * | 2019-01-04 | 2021-04-06 | 义乌市思淇工业设计有限公司 | 一种管道及容器破损检测装置 |
JP2021110615A (ja) * | 2020-01-09 | 2021-08-02 | 日立Geニュークリア・エナジー株式会社 | 超音波検査装置及び超音波検査方法 |
JP7277391B2 (ja) | 2020-01-09 | 2023-05-18 | 日立Geニュークリア・エナジー株式会社 | 超音波検査装置及び超音波検査方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BRPI0615440B1 (pt) | 2018-02-06 |
CA2619827A1 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
JPWO2007024001A1 (ja) | 2009-03-26 |
BRPI0615440A2 (pt) | 2011-05-17 |
CA2619827C (en) | 2014-03-25 |
US20100005846A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
EP1918701B1 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
JP4596337B2 (ja) | 2010-12-08 |
US8495915B2 (en) | 2013-07-30 |
EP1918701A4 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
EP1918701A1 (en) | 2008-05-07 |
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