WO2007002293A2 - Azaindazole compounds and methods of use - Google Patents

Azaindazole compounds and methods of use Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007002293A2
WO2007002293A2 PCT/US2006/024313 US2006024313W WO2007002293A2 WO 2007002293 A2 WO2007002293 A2 WO 2007002293A2 US 2006024313 W US2006024313 W US 2006024313W WO 2007002293 A2 WO2007002293 A2 WO 2007002293A2
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Prior art keywords
nhr
group
compound
alkyl
nhc
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PCT/US2006/024313
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French (fr)
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WO2007002293A3 (en
Inventor
Penglie Zhang
Andrew M. K. Pennell
John J. Kim Wright
Wei Chen
Manmohan R. Leleti
Yandong Li
Lianfa Li
Yuan Xu
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Chemocentryx, Inc.
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Priority to ES06773773.4T priority Critical patent/ES2543714T3/en
Priority to MX2007015917A priority patent/MX2007015917A/en
Priority to KR1020077031045A priority patent/KR101418024B1/en
Priority to EA200800100A priority patent/EA017278B9/en
Priority to BRPI0612112A priority patent/BRPI0612112A8/en
Priority to CN2006800304091A priority patent/CN101242839B/en
Priority to AU2006262122A priority patent/AU2006262122B2/en
Priority to JP2008518388A priority patent/JP5275794B2/en
Priority to RS20150517A priority patent/RS54206B1/en
Priority to SI200631957T priority patent/SI1906965T1/en
Priority to EP20060773773 priority patent/EP1906965B1/en
Priority to KR1020147002448A priority patent/KR20140026644A/en
Priority to CA2612552A priority patent/CA2612552C/en
Priority to PL06773773T priority patent/PL1906965T3/en
Priority to NZ564258A priority patent/NZ564258A/en
Priority to DK06773773.4T priority patent/DK1906965T3/en
Application filed by Chemocentryx, Inc. filed Critical Chemocentryx, Inc.
Publication of WO2007002293A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007002293A2/en
Publication of WO2007002293A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007002293A3/en
Priority to IL188050A priority patent/IL188050A/en
Priority to NO20080408A priority patent/NO340621B1/en
Priority to HK09101322.8A priority patent/HK1124241A1/en
Priority to HRP20150832TT priority patent/HRP20150832T1/en

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    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
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    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
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    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing alicyclic rings
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    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the present invention provides compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more of those compounds or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, which are effective in inhibiting the binding of various chemokines, such as MIP-I ⁇ , leukotactin, MPIF-I and RANTES, to the CCRl receptor.
  • various chemokines such as MIP-I ⁇ , leukotactin, MPIF-I and RANTES
  • the compounds and compositions have utility in treating inflammatory and immune disorder conditions and diseases.
  • the immune system which comprises leukocytes (white blood cells (WBCs): T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages granulocytes, NK cell, mast cells, dendritic cell, and immune derived cells (for example, osteoclasts)), lymphoid tissues and lymphoid vessels, is the body's defense system.
  • WBCs white blood cells
  • monocytes monocytes
  • macrophages macrophages granulocytes
  • NK cell for example, mast cells
  • dendritic cell dendritic cell
  • immune derived cells for example, osteoclasts
  • Chemokines act as molecular beacons for the recruitment and activation of immune cells, such as lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes, identifying sites where pathogens exist.
  • chemokine-mediated monocyte/macrophage and T cell recruitment to the central nervous system A hallmark of some demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis is the chemokine-mediated monocyte/macrophage and T cell recruitment to the central nervous system (see, Kennedy, et al., J. Clin. Immunol. 19(5):273-279 (1999)). Chemokine recruitment of destructive WBCs to transplants has been implicated in their subsequent rejection. See, DeVries, M.E., et al., ibid. Because chemokines play pivotal roles in inflammation and lymphocyte development, the ability to specifically manipulate their activity has enormous impact on ameliorating and halting diseases that currently have no satisfactory treatment. In addition, transplant rejection maybe minimized without the generalized and complicating effects of costly immunosuppressive pharmaceuticals.
  • Chemokines a group of greater than 40 small peptides (7-10 kD), ligate receptors expressed primarily on WBCs or immune derived cells, and signal through G-protein-coupled signaling cascades to mediate their chemoattractant and chemostimulant functions.
  • Receptors may bind more than one ligand; for example, the receptor CCRl ligates RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed), MIP- l ⁇ (macrophage inflammatory protein), MPIF- l/CK ⁇ 8, and Leukotactin chemokines (among others with lesser affinities).
  • RANTES regulated on activation normal T cell expressed
  • MIP- l ⁇ macrophage inflammatory protein
  • MPIF- l/CK ⁇ 8 MPIF- l/CK ⁇ 8
  • Leukotactin chemokines among others with lesser affinities.
  • Chemokine activity can be controlled through the modulation of their corresponding receptors, treating related inflammatory and immunological diseases and enabling organ and tissue transplants.
  • the receptor CCRl and its chemokine ligands represent significant therapeutic targets (see Saeki, et al., Current Pharmaceutical Design 9:1201-1208 (2003)) since they have been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis, transplant rejection (see, DeVries, M.E., et al., ibid.), and multiple sclerosis (see, Fischer, et al., J Neuroimmunol. 110(1-2): 195-208 (2000); Izikson, et al., J. Exp. Med.
  • the present invention provides compounds having a formula selected from the group consisting of:
  • m is an integer of from 0 to 4.
  • R 1 is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-8 alkyl, Ci -8 haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, -CO 2 R a , -S(O) 3 R 3 , -X 1 CO 2 R 8 , -X 1 SO 2 R 3 , -X 1 S(O) 3 R", -X 1 OR 3 , -COR a , -CONR a R b , -X 1 NR 3 R 13 , -X 1 NR 3 COR 15 , -X 1 CONR 3 R 6 , X 1 S(O) 2 NR ⁇ , X 1 S(O) 2 R 3 , -OR 3 , -NR a R b , -NR a COR b , -CONR a R b , -NR 3 S(O) 2 R b , -S(O) 2 NR a R b , -S(O) 2
  • each of said R 1 substituents is optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -0R m , -OC(O)NHR 111 , -OC(O)N(R m ) 2 , -SH, -SR m , -S(O)R m , -S(O) 2 R" 1 , -SO 2 NH 2 , -S(O) 2 NHR" 1 , -S(O) 2 N(R m ) 2 , -NHS(O) 2 R 171 , -NR m S(0) 2 R ra , -C(O)NH 2 , -C(O)NHR" 1 , -C(O)N(R m ) 2 , -C(O)R m 5 -NHC(O)R" 1 , -NR 111 C(O)
  • each R m is independently an unsubstituted C i -6 alkyl.
  • X 2 is C 1-4 alkylene and each R° and R d is 10 independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-8 alkyl, C] -8 haloalkyl, and C 3-6 cycloalkyl.
  • R° and R d when attached to the same nitrogen atom can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a five or six-membered ring having from O to 2 additional heteroatoms as ring members.
  • the symbol R 6 is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-S haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 2-8 alkenyl, C 2-8 alkynyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and each of R 0 , R d and R e is optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH 5 -OR n , -OC(O)NHR n , -OC(O)N(R n ) 2 , -SH, -SR", -S(O)R", -S(O) 2 R", -SO 2 NH 2 , -S(O) 2 NHR", -S(O) 2 N(R") 2 , -NHS(O)
  • Each of ring vertices a, b, c and d in formulae Ia and Ib is independently selected from N and C(R 3a ), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N.
  • Y is a five to ten-membered aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl ring, optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -OR f , -NR f R g , -R h , -SR f , -CN 5 -NO 2 , -CO 2 R f ,
  • each X 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkylene, C 2-4 alkenylene and C 2-4 alkynylene; each R f and R g is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 2-8 alkenyl, C 2-8 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-d-
  • the present invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more of these compounds, as well as methods for the use of these compounds in therapeutic methods, primarily to treat diseases associated with CCRl signaling activity.
  • alkyl by itself or as part of another substituent, means, unless otherwise stated, a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon radical, having the number of carbon atoms designated (i.e. C 1 - S means one to eight carbons).
  • alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n- octyl, and the like.
  • alkenyl refers to an unsaturated alkyl group having one or more double bonds.
  • alkynyl refers to an unsaturated alkyl group having one or more triple bonds.
  • unsaturated alkyl groups include vinyl, 2- propenyl, crotyl, 2-iso ⁇ entenyl, 2-(butadienyl), 2,4-pentadienyl, 3-(l,4-pentadienyl)., ethynyl, 1- and 3-propynyl, 3-butynyl, and the higher homologs and isomers.
  • cycloalkyl refers to hydrocarbon rings having the indicated number of ring atoms (e.g., C 3-6 cycloalkyl) and being fully saturated or having no more than one double bond between ring vertices. "Cycloalkyl” is also meant to refer to bicyclic and polycyclic hydrocarbon rings such as, for example, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, etc.
  • heterocycloalkyl refers to a cycloalkyl group that contain from one to five heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, wherein the nitrogen and sulfur atoms are optionally oxidized, and the nitrogen atom(s) are optionally quaternized.
  • the heterocycloalkyl may be a monocyclic, a bicyclic or a polycylic ring system.
  • Non limiting examples of heterocycloalkyl groups include pyrrolidine, piperidinyl, imidazolidine, pyrazolidine, butyrolactam, valerolactam, imidazolidinone, hydantoin, dioxolane, phthalimide, piperidine, 1,4-dioxane, morpholine, thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine-S-oxide, thiomorpholine-S,S-oxide, piperazine, pyran, pyridone, 3-pyrroline, thiopyran, pyrone, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene, quinuclidine, and the like.
  • a heterocycloalkyl group can be attached to the remainder of the molecule through a ring carbon or a heteroatom.
  • alkylene by itself or as part of another substituent means a divalent radical derived from an alkane, as exemplified by -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -.
  • an alkyl (or alkylene) group will have from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, with those groups having 10 or fewer carbon atoms being preferred in the present invention.
  • a “lower alkyl” or “lower alkylene” is a shorter chain alkyl or alkylene group, generally having four or fewer carbon atoms.
  • alkenylene and alkynylene refer to the unsaturated forms of “alkylene” having double or triple bonds, respectively.
  • alkoxy alkylamino and “alkylthio” (or thioalkoxy) are used in their conventional sense, and refer to those alkyl groups attached to the remainder of the molecule via an oxygen atom, an amino group, or a sulfur atom, respectively. Additionally, for dialkylamino groups, the alkyl portions can be the same or different and can also be combined to form a 3-7 membered ring with the nitrogen atom to which each is attached. Accordingly, a group represented as -NR a R b is meant to include piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, azetidinyl and the like.
  • halo or halogen
  • substituents mean, unless otherwise stated, a fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom.
  • terms such as “haloalkyl,” are meant to include monohaloalkyl and polyhaloalkyl.
  • Cr 4 haloalkyl is mean to include trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 4- chlorobutyl, 3-bromopropyl, and the like.
  • aryl means, unless otherwise stated, a polyunsaturated, typically aromatic, hydrocarbon group which can be a single ring or multiple rings (up to three rings) which are fused together or linked covalently.
  • heteroaryl refers to aryl groups (or rings) that contain from one to five heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S 5 wherein the nitrogen and sulfur atoms are optionally oxidized, and the nitrogen atom(s) are optionally quateraized.
  • a heteroaryl group can be attached to the remainder of the molecule through a heteroatom.
  • Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl and biphenyl, while non-limiting examples of heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimindinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalaziniyl, benzotriazinyl, purinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, isobenzofuryl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl, benzotriazinyl, thienopyridinyl, thienopyrimidinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, imidazopyridines, benzothiaxolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, indolyl, quinoly
  • aryl when used in combination with other terms (e.g. , aryloxy, arylthioxy, arylalkyl) includes both aryl and heteroaryl rings as defined above.
  • arylalkyl is meant to include those radicals in which an aryl group is attached to an alkyl group (e.g., benzyl, phenethyl, pyridylmethyl and the like).
  • alkyl in some embodiments, will include both substituted and unsubstituted forms of the indicated radical. Preferred substituents for each type of radical are provided below.
  • aryl and heteroaryl will refer to substituted or unsubstituted versions as provided below, while the term “alkyl” and related aliphatic radicals is meant to refer to unsubstituted version, unless indicated to be substituted.
  • R', R" and R'" each independently refer to hydrogen, unsubstituted C 1 - S alkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted aryl, aryl substituted with 1-3 halogens, unsubstituted C 1 - S alkyl, C 1 -S alkoxy or C 1 -S thioalkoxy groups, or unsubstituted aryl-Q- 4 alkyl groups.
  • R' and R" are attached to the same nitrogen atom, they can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a 3-, A-, 5-, 6 ⁇ , or 7-membered ring.
  • -NR'R is meant to include 1- pyrrolidinyl and 4-morpholinyl.
  • Two of the substituents on adjacent atoms of the aryl or heteroaryl ring may optionally be replaced with a substituent of the formula -T-C(O)-(CH 2 ) q -U-, wherein T and U are independently -NH-, -O-, -CH 2 - or a single bond, and q is an integer of from O to 2.
  • two of the substituents on adjacent atoms of the aryl or heteroaryl ring may optionally be replaced with a substituent of the formula -A-(CH 2 ) r -B-, wherein A and B are independently -CH 2 -, -O-, -NH-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -S(O) 2 NR'- or a single bond, and r is an integer of from 1 to 3.
  • One of the single bonds of the new ring so formed may optionally be replaced with a double bond.
  • two of the substituents on adjacent atoms of the aryl or heteroaryl ring may optionally be replaced with a substituent of the formula ⁇ (CH 2 ) S - X-(CH 2 )r, where s and t are independently integers of from O to 3, and X is -0-, -NR'-, -S-, - S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, or -S(O) 2 NR'-.
  • the substituent R' in -NR'- and -S(O) 2 NR'- is selected from hydrogen or unsubstituted Q ⁇ 6 alkyl.
  • heteroatom is meant to include oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and silicon (Si).
  • salts are meant to include salts of the active compounds which are prepared with relatively nontoxic acids or bases, depending on the particular substituents found on the compounds described herein.
  • base addition salts can be obtained by contacting the neutral form of such compounds with a sufficient amount of the desired base, either neat or in a suitable inert solvent.
  • salts derived from pharmaceutically-acceptable inorganic bases include aluminum, ammonium, calcium, copper, ferric, ferrous, lithium, magnesium, manganic, manganous, potassium, sodium, zinc and the like.
  • Salts derived from pharmaceutically-acceptable organic bases include salts of primary, secondary and tertiary amines, including substituted amines, cyclic amines, naturally- occuring amines and the like, such as arginine, betaine, caffeine, choline, N,N'- dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine, hydrabamine, isopropylamine, lysine, methylglucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperadine, polyamine resins, procaine, purines, theobromine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, tromethamine and the like.
  • acid addition salts can be obtained by contacting the neutral form of such compounds with a sufficient amount of the desired acid, either neat or in a suitable inert solvent.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include those derived from inorganic acids like hydrochloric, hydrobromic, nitric, carbonic, monohydrogencarbonic, phosphoric, monohydrogenphosphoric, dihydrogenphosphoric, sulfuric, monohydrogensulfuric, hydriodic, or phosphorous acids and the like, as well as the salts derived from relatively nontoxic organic acids like acetic, propionic, isobutyric, malonic, benzoic, succinic, suberic, fumaric, mandelic, phthalic, benzenesulfonic, p-tolylsulfonic, citric, tartaric, methanesulfonic, and the like.
  • salts of amino acids such as arginate and the like, and salts of organic acids like glucuronic or galactunoric acids and the like (see, for example, Berge, S.M., et al, "Pharmaceutical Salts", Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 1977, 66, 1-19).
  • Certain specific compounds of the present invention contain both basic and acidic functionalities that allow the compounds to be converted into either base or acid addition salts.
  • the neutral forms of the compounds may be regenerated by contacting the salt with a base or acid and isolating the parent compound in the conventional manner.
  • the parent form of the compound differs from the various salt forms in certain physical properties, such as solubility in polar solvents, but otherwise the salts are equivalent to the parent form of the compound for the purposes of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides compounds which are in a prodrug form.
  • Prodrugs of the compounds described herein are those compounds that readily undergo chemical changes under physiological conditions to provide the compounds of the present invention.
  • prodrugs can be converted to the compounds of the present invention by chemical or biochemical methods in an ex vivo environment. For example, prodrugs can be slowly converted to the compounds of the present invention when placed in a transdermal patch reservoir with a suitable enzyme or chemical reagent.
  • Certain compounds of the present invention can exist in unsolvated forms as well as solvated forms, including hydrated forms. In general, the solvated forms are equivalent to unsolvated forms and are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present invention. Certain compounds of the present invention may exist in multiple crystalline or amorphous forms. In general, all physical forms are equivalent for the uses contemplated by the present invention and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
  • Certain compounds of the present invention possess asymmetric carbon atoms (optical centers) or double bonds; the racemates, diastereomers, geometric isomers, regioisomers and individual isomers (e.g., separate enantiomers) are all intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present invention.
  • the compounds of the present invention may also contain unnatural proportions of atomic isotopes at one or more of the atoms that constitute such compounds.
  • the compounds may be radiolabeled with radioactive isotopes, such as for example tritium ( 3 H), iodine-125 ( 125 I) or carbon-14 ( 14 C). All isotopic variations of the compounds of the present invention, whether radioactive or not, are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention derives from the discovery that compounds of formula Ia or Ib (as well as the subgeneric formulae Ia 1"4 and Ib 1"4 ) act as potent antagonists of the CCRl receptor.
  • the compounds have in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Accordingly, the compounds provided herein are useful in pharmaceutical compositions, methods for the treatment of CCRl -mediated diseases, and as controls in assays for the identification of competitive CCRl antagonists.
  • the present invention provides compounds having a formula selected from the group consisting of:
  • the subscript m is an integer of from 0 to 4. In certain embodiments, in formulae Ia and Ib the subscript m is an integer from 0 to 2. In yet another embodiment, the subscript m in formulae Ia and Ib is an integer of from 0 to 1.
  • R 1 in formulae Ia and Ib is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of Ci -8 alkyl, d-shaloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, -CO 2 R 8 , -S(O) 3 R a , -X 1 CO 2 R 8 , -X 1 SO 2 R 3 , -X 1 S(O) 3 R 3 , -X 1 OR 3 , -COR a , -CONR a R b , -X 1 NR 3 R* 3 , -X 1 NR 3 COR 15 , -X 1 CONR 3 R 13 , X'S(O) 2 NR a R b , X l S(O) 2 R a , -OR a , -NR a R b , -NR a COR b , -CONR a R b , .
  • each R a and R b substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl and C 3-6 cycloalkyl, or optionally R a and R b when attached to the same nitrogen atom are combined to form a 3- to 7-membered ring having from 0-2 additional heteroatoms as ring members; and wherein the aliphatic portions of each of said R 1 substituents is optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -0R m , -OC(O)NHR" 1 , -OC(O)N(R m ) 2 , -SH, -SR m , -S(O)R m , -S(O) 2 R" 1 , -SO 2 NH 2 , -S(O) 2 NHR" 1 , -S(O) 2 N(R m ) 2
  • R 1 in formulae Ia and Ib is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting OfC 1-8 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, -CO 2 R 3 , -X 1 CO 2 R 3 , -X 1 SO 2 R 3 and -X 1 OR 3 , wherein the aliphatic portions of each of said R 1 substituents is optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR" 1 , -OC(O)NHR" 1 , -0C(0)N(R m ) 2 , -SH, -SR m , -S(O)R" 1 , -S(O) 2 R" 1 , -SO 2 NH 2 , -S(O) 2 NHR" 1 , -S(O) 2 N(R m ) 2 , -NHS(O) 2 R" 1 , -NR
  • R 1 in formulae Ia and Ib is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting OfC 1-S alkyl, and C 3-6 cycloalkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions of each of said R 1 substituents is optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR m , -OC(O)NHR" 1 ,
  • R 1 in formulae Ia and Ib 5 if present is selected from the group consisting of -CO 2 H or C 1-4 alkyl, optionally substituted with -OH, -OR m , -S(O) 2 R" 1 , -CO 2 H and -CO 2 R m .
  • R 1 is methyl; and m is 0-2.
  • the R 2a substitutent in formulae Ia and Ib is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, I, -CO 2 R 0 , -CONR°R d , -CN, a 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, -X 2 NR°R d , -C(NOR°)R d .
  • R 2a is hydrogen.
  • the R 2a substituent is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, F, Cl, Br and I.
  • R 2c and R 2d in formulae Ia and Ib are each substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -OR 0 , -SR 0 , -OC(O)R 0 , -NR°R d , -R e , -CN, -NO 2 , -CO 2 R 0 , -C(O)R 0 , -NR d C(O)R°, -NR d C(O) 2 R e , -S(O) 2 R 6 , -S(O) 2 NR°R d , -X 2 OR 0 , -0-X 2 OR 0 , -X 2 NR°R d , -0-X 2 NR°R d and -NR d -X 2 CO 2 R°.
  • R 2c and R 2d are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, F,
  • X 2 is CM alkylene and each R 0 and R d is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-8 alkyl, Ci -8 haloalkyl, and C 3-6 cycloalkyl.
  • R° and R d when attached to the same nitrogen atom can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a five or six-membered ring having from O to 2 additional heteroatoms as ring members.
  • R e is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 2-8 alkenyl, C 2-8 alkynyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and each of R°, R d and R e is optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -0R n , -OC(O)NHR 11 , -OC(O)N(R n ) 2 , -SH, -SR n , -S(O)R n , -S(O) 2 R", -SO 2 NH 2 , -S(O) 2 NHR n , -S(O) 2 N(R n ) 2 , -NHS(O) 2 R", -NR n S(O) 2 R n , -C(O)NH 2 , -C(O)NHR", -C(
  • the subscript m is O or 1; and the symbol R 2a is hydrogen. In another embodiment, the subscript m is 0-1; and R 2a is F or Cl.
  • R 2c in formulae Ia and Ib is selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO 2 , -CO 2 R 0 , -COR 0 , -S(O)2R e .
  • the symbol R 2c is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2 , -CO 2 CH 3 , -C(O)CH 3 and -S(O) 2 CH 3 .
  • R 2d in formulae Ia and Ib is selected from the group consisting of -SR 0 , -O-X 2 -OR°, -X 2 -OR°, -OC(O)R 0 , -NR°R d , -R e and -OR 0 .
  • R 2d is selected from the group consisting of -SMe, -OCH 2 OMe, -CH 2 OMe, -CH 2 OEt, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and ethoxy.
  • each of the ring vertices a, b, c and d is independently selected from N and C(R 3a ), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N.
  • the fused six membered ring having vertices a, b, c and d is a fused pyridine ring or a fused pyrimidine ring.
  • the fused six membered ring having vertices a, b, c and d is a fused pyrazine ring.
  • the fused six membered ring having vertices a, b, c and d is a fused pyridazine ring.
  • R 3a substituent in formulae Ia and Ib, at each occurence, the symbol R 3a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -0R f ,
  • Y is a five to ten-membered aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl ring, optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -0R f , -NR f R s , -R h , -SR f , -CN, -NO 2 , -CO 2 R f ,
  • each X 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkylene, C 2-4 alkenylene and C 2-4 alkynylene; each R f and R g is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-S alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 2-S alkenyl, C 2-8 alkynyl, aryl, heteroary
  • the symbol R 3a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -OR f , -OC(O)R f , - NR f R g , -SR f , -R h , -CN, -NO 2 , -CO 2 R f , -C0NR f R g , -C(O)R f , -OC(O)NR f R g , -NR g C(O)R f , - NR g C(0) 2 R h , -NR f -C(0)NR f R g , -S(O)R h , -S(O) 2 R h , -NR f S(O) 2 R h , -S(O) 2 NR f R g , -NR f S(0) 2 NR f R g , -NR f S(0) 2 NR f R g , -
  • Y is a five or six- membered aryl, a five or six membered heteroaryl, or a three to eight membered heterocycloalkyl ring, optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -0R f , -NR f R g , -R h , -SR f , -CN, -NO 2 , -CO 2 R f , -C0NR f R g , -C(O)R f , -NR g C(0)R f , -S(O)R h , -S(O) 2 R h , -NR f S(O) 2 R h and -S(O) 2 NR f R g .
  • X 3 is independently C 1-4 alkylene.
  • the symbols R f and R g are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl and C 3-6 cycloalkyl, and each R h is independently selected from the group consisting OfCi -8 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl and C 3-6 cycloalkyl.
  • aliphatic portions of X 3 , R f , R g and R h is optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR 0 , -OC(O)NHR 0 , -OC(O)N(R°) 2 , -SH, -SR 0 , -S(O)R 0 , -S(O) 2 R 0 , -SO 2 NH 2 , -S(O) 2 NHR 0 , -S(O) 2 N(R°) 2 , -NHS(O) 2 R 0 , -NR 0 S(O) 2 R 0 , -C(O)NH 2 , -C(O)NHR 0 , -C(0)N(R°) 2 , -C(O)R 0 , -NHC(O)R 0 , -NR 0 C(O)R 0 , -NHC(
  • R 3a of formulae Ia and Ib is a member independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -0R f , - NR f R g , -R h , -CN, and -Y, wherein Y is a five to six-membered aryl ring, a five to six- membered heteroaryl ring, or a three to eight-membered heterocycloalkyl ring selected from the group consisting of homopiperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, azetidinyl, pyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperazinyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl and thiazolyl, optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents
  • the R 3a groups in formulae Ia and Ib is selected from the group consisting of -Y and -X 3 -Y, wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of homopiperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, azetidinyl, pyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperazinyl, phenyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrrolyl, pyridizinyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl and oxadiazolyl, which is optionally substituted with from one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
  • the symbol Y is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridyl, oxazolyl, pyrimidinyl, oxadiazolyl, and thiazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -OR f , -NR f R g , -COR f , -CO 2 R f , -CONR f R ⁇ , -NO 2 , -R h and -CN, wherein R f and R g are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1-8 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl and Q -8 haloalkyl, and each R h is independently selected from the group consisting OfC 1-8 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl and Ci -8 haloalkyl.
  • m is an integer
  • the R 3a substituent in formulae Ia and Ib is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C 1-4 alkyl and C 1-4 haloalkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions are optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR 0 , -OC(O)NHR 0 , -OC(O)N(R°) 2 , -SH, -SR 0 , -S(O)R 0 , -S(O) 2 R 0 , -SO 2 NH 2 , -S(O) 2 NHR 0 , -S(O) 2 N(R 0 J 2 , -NHS(O) 2 R 0 , -NR 0 S(O) 2 R 0 , -C(O)NH 2 , -C(O)NHR 0 , -C(O)N(R°) 2
  • each R 0 is independently an unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl.
  • m is O or 1;
  • R 2a is preferably hydrogen; and additionally in other instances, R 2c is preferably selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2 , -CO 2 CH 3 , -C(O)CH 3 and -S(O) 2 CH 3 .
  • R 3a substituent in formulae Ia and Ib is halogen, C 1-4 alkyl or C 1-4 haloalkyl.
  • the R 3a moiety on the pyrazole ring in formulae Ia and Ib is hydrogen, halogen, chloro, fluoro, bromo, oxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, C 1-8 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl or Ci -8 haloalkyl or cyano.
  • R 3a is a member independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -OR f , ⁇ NR f R s , -C(O)R f , -C(O)OR f , -S(O)R f , -S(O) 2 R f , -S(O) 3 R f , -S(O) 3 R 11 , -X 3 C(O) 2 R f , X 3 S(O) 3 R f , -S(O) 2 NR f R ⁇ , -X 3 S(O) 2 NR f R 8 , -R h , -CN, X 3 NR f R g , NR g C(O)R f , X 3 N 3 and Y.
  • Y is a five to six-membered aryl, a five or six-membered heteroaryl ring or a three to eight-membered heterocycloalkyl ring selected from the group consisting of homopiperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, azetidinyl, pyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperazinzyl, phenyl, pyridyl, oxazolyl, pyrimidinyl, oxadiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl and thiazolyl, optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -OR f , -NR f R s , -R h , -CN.
  • Each R f and R g is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl and C 3-6 cycloalkyl, and each R h is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, Ci -6 haloalkyl and C 3-6 cycloalkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions of R f , R g and R h are optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR 0 , -OC(O)NHR 0 , -OC(O)N(R°) 2 , -SH, -SR 0 , -S(O)R 0 , -S(O) 2 R 0 , -SO 2 NH 2 , -S(O) 2 NHR 0 , -S(O) 2 N(R°) 2j -NHS(O) 2 R 0 , -NR 0 S(O) 2 R
  • R 3a is a member independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -OR f , -NR f R g , -C(O)R f , -C(O)OR f , -S(O)R f , -S(O) 2 R f , -S(0) 2 NR f R ⁇ , -R h , -CN, X 3 NR f R ⁇ , NR g C(O)R f , X 3 N 3 and -Y, wherein Y is a five to six-membered aryl, a five or six-membered heteroaryl ring or a three to eight-membered heterocycloalkyl ring selected from the group consisting of homopiperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pipe
  • the symbol R 3a moiety on the pyrazole ring is hydrogen, halogen, chloro, fluoro, bromo, oxazolyl, ⁇ yridyl,oxadiazolyl thiazolyl, ⁇ R h or cyano; and optionally the symbol R 1 , when present, is selected from the group consisting Of -CO 2 H or C 1-4 alkyl, optionally substituted with -OH, -OR m , -S(O) 2 R" 1 , -CO 2 H and -CO 2 R 1 ".
  • R 1 when present, is hydrogen or Ci -6 alkyl.
  • m is an integer from 0-2.
  • the subscript m is O or 1 ;
  • R 2a is hydrogen, halogen or -CN ;
  • R 2G is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2 , -CO 2 CH 3 , -C(O)CH 3 and -S(O) 2 CH 3 ;
  • R 2d is selected from the group consisting of -SR C , -0-X 2 -0R°, -X 2 -OR°, -R e and -OR 0 ;
  • R 3a substituents is selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1-4 alkyl and C 1-4 haloalkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions of R 3a are optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR 0 , -OC(O)NHR 0 , -OC(O)N(R°) 2 ,
  • R 2a is H
  • R 2c is chloro
  • R 2d is methoxy
  • m is O
  • a is N
  • c is N
  • b and d are CH
  • R 3a is other than hydrogen, methyl, unsubstituted 2-pyridyl, unsubstituted 2-pyrimidinyl or unsubstituted 2-oxazolyl.
  • the present invention provides compounds having formula Ia and Ib wherein the subscript m is an integer of from O to 4.
  • R 1 is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-8 alkyl, C 1 ⁇ haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, -CO 2 R 3 , -X 1 CO 2 R 8 , -X 1 SO 2 R 8 and -X 1 OR 3 , -COR a , -CONR a R b , -X'NR a R b ,
  • X 1 is Ci -4 alkylene and each R a and R b is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Ci -S alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl and C 3-6 cycloalkyl; and wherein the aliphatic portions of each of said R 1 substituents is optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR m , -OC(O)NHR" 1 , -OC(O)N(R m ) 2 , -SH, -SR m , -S(O)R" 1 , -S(O) 2 R m , -SO 2 NH 2 , -S(O) 2 NHR" 1 , -S(O) 2 N(R m ) 2
  • X 2 is C 1-4 alkylene and each R° and R d is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, and C 3-6 cycloalkyl.
  • R° and R d when attached to the same nitrogen atom can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a five or six-membered ring having from O to 2 additional heteroatoms as ring members.
  • R e is independently selected from the group consisting OfC 1-S alkyl, Ci -8 haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 2-S alkenyl, C 2 - 8 alkynyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and each of R c , R d and R ⁇ is optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR", -OC(O)NHR", -OC(O)N(R n ) 2 , -SH, -SR", -S(O)R", -S(O) 2 R", -SO 2 NH 2 , -S(O) 2 NHR", -S(O) 2 N(R n ) 2 , -NHS(O) 2 R", -NR"S(O) 2 R n , -C(O)NH 2 , -C(O)NHR", -C(0)N(R n ) 2 , -
  • Each of ring vertices a, b, c and d in formulae Ia and Ib is independently selected from N and C(R 3a ), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N.
  • Y is a five to ten-membered aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl ring, optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -0R f , -NR f R g , -R h , -SR f , -CN, -NO 2 , -CO 2 R f , -C0NR f R g , -C(0)R f , -NR g C(O)R f , -S(O)R h , -S(O) 2 R h , - NR f S(O) 2 R h , -S(O) 2 NR f R g , -X 3 OR f , -X 3 NR f R g , -X 3 NR f S(O) 2 R h and -X 3 S(O) 2 NR f R g , and
  • R 1 is independently selected from the group consisting Of Ci -8 alkyl, Q -8 haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, -CO 2 R a , -X 1 CO 2 R 3 , -X 1 SO 2 R 8 , -X 1 OR 3 , -COR a , -C0NR a R b , -X 1 NR 3 R 15 , -X 1 NR 3 COR 0 , -X 1 CONR 3 R 0 , X 1 S(O) 2 NR 3 R 0 and X 1 S(O) 2 R 3 , wherein X 1 is C 1-4 alkylene and each R 3 and R b is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-S haloalkyl and C 3-6 cycloalkyl.
  • each of said R 1 substituents is optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -0R m , -OC(O)NHR" 1 , -OC(O)N(R m ) 2 , -SH, -SR m , -S(O)R m , -S(O) 2 R" 1 , -SO 2 NH 2 , -S(0) 2 NHR m , -S(O) 2 N(R m ) 2 , -NHS(O) 2 R" 1 , -NR m S(O) 2 R m , -C(O)NH 2 , -C(O)NHR" 1 , -C(O)N(R m ) 2 , -C(0)R m , -NHC(O)R" 1 , -NR m C(O)R m , -NHC(O)NH 2 , -NR m
  • R 2a , R 2c and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, heteroaryl, -NO 2 , -CO 2 R 0 , -C0NR c R d , -C(O)R 0 , -S(O)R e , -S(O) 2 R 6 , -R e , -C(NOR°)R d ,
  • Each R" is independently an unsubstituted Ci -6 alkyl; and wherein V is independently selected from the group consisting of -R c , -CN, -CO 2 R 6 and -NO 2 .
  • Each of ring vertices a, b, c and d in formulae Ia and Ib is independently selected from N and C(R 3a ), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N.
  • Y is a five to ten-membered aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl ring, optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -0R f , -NR f R s , -R h , -SR f , -CN, -NO 2 , -CO 2 R f , -C0NR f R g , -C(O)R f , -NR g C(0)R f , -S(O)R h , -S(O) 2 R h , - NR f S(O) 2 R h , -S(0) 2 NR f R g , -X 3 0R f , -X 3 NR f R g , -X 3 NR f S(O) 2 R" and -X 3 S(O) 2 NR f R g , and where
  • each R 1 is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting Of Ci -8 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, -CO 2 R a , -X 1 CO 2 R 2 , -X 1 SO 2 R 3 and -X 1 OR 3 , wherein the aliphatic portions of each of said R 1 substituents is optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -ORTM, -OC(O)NHR m , -OC(O)N(R M ) 2 , -SH, -SR m , -S(O)R 1 ", -S(O) 2 R 111 , -SO 2 NH 2 , -S(O) 2 NHR" 1 , -S(O) 2 N(R m ) 2 , -NHS(O) 2 R 111
  • R 2 ° and R 2d substituents are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -OR 0 , -SR 0 , -R 6 , -CN, -NO 2 , -CO 2 R 0 , -C(O)R 0 , -NR d C(O)R°, -NR d C(O) 2 R e , - S(O) 2 R 6 , -S(O) 2 NR°R d , -X 2 OR 0 , -0-X 2 OR 0 , -X 2 NR°R d , -O-X 2 NR°R d and -NR d -X 2 CO 2 R°.
  • Each R 3a substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -0R f , -0C(0)R f , -NR f R ⁇ , -SR f , -R h , -CN, -NO 2 , -CO 2 R f , -CONR f R g , -C(0)R f , -0C(0)NR f R e , -NR g C(O)R f , -NR s C(0) 2 R h , -NR f -C(0)NR f R g , -S(O)R h , -S(O) 2 R h , - NR f S(O) 2 R h , -S(O) 2 NR f R g , -NR f S(O) 2 NR f R g , -NR f S(O) 2 NR f R g , -
  • R 2c is halogen, cyano or nitro; the symbol R >2 z d ⁇ . is selected from -SR C , -0-X 2 -0R c , -X 2 -OR C , -R ⁇ , -OR 0 and -NR d C(0)R c ; each of ring vertices a, b, c and d is independently selected from N and C(R 3a ), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N; and each R 3a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 3-6 heterocycloalkyl, -S(O) 2 R , amino, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, isox
  • the ring vertex a is N. In another embodiment, the ring vertex b is N. In another embodiment, the ring vertex c is N. In another embodiment, the ring vertex d is N. hi yet another embodiment, the ring vertices a and c are each N; b is hydrogen; and d is C(R 3a ), wherein R 3a on ring vertex d is other than hydrogen. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is N; b is C(R 3a ) wherein R 3a on ring vertex b is other than hydrogen; and c and d are each hydrogen.
  • the ring vertex a is N; b and c are each hydrogen; and d is C(R 3a ), wherein R 3a on ring vertex d is other than hydrogen.
  • the ring vertex a is C(R 3a ), wherein R 3a on ring vertex a is other than hydrogen; b is N; c and d are each hydrogen.
  • the ring vertex a is N; b and d are each hydrogen; and c is C(R 3 ⁇ ); wherein R 3a on ring vertex c is other than hydrogen.
  • the ring vertices a and c are each N; b is hydrogen; and d is C(R 3a ), wherein R 3a on ring vertex d is other than hydrogen.
  • R 2c is independently halogen, cyano or nitro
  • R 2d is selected from -SR C , -O-X 2 -OR C , -X 2 -OR C , -R e , -OR 0 , -NR°R d , -NR 0 S(O) 2 R 6 and -NR d C(O)R c
  • each of ring vertices a, b, c and d is independently selected from N and C(R 3a ), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N;
  • each R 3a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 3-6 heterocycloalkyl, -S(O) 2 R 11 , amino, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, isoxazolyl and thiazolyl.
  • the ring vertex a is N.
  • the ring vertex b is N.
  • the ring vertex c is N.
  • the ring vertex d is N. hi yet another embodiment, the
  • ring vertex a and c are each N; b is hydrogen; and d is C(R 3a ), wherein R 3a on ring vertex d is other than hydrogen.
  • the ring vertex a is N; b is C(R 3a ) wherein R 3a on ring vertex b is other than hydrogen; and c and d are each hydrogen, hi another embodiment, the ring vertex a is N; b and c are each hydrogen; and d is C(R 3a ), wherein R 3a on ring vertex d is other than hydrogen.
  • the ring vertex a is C(R 3a ),
  • R 3a on ring vertex a is other than hydrogen; b is N; c and d are each hydrogen, hi another embodiment, the ring vertex a is N; b and d are each hydrogen; and c is C(R 3a ); wherein R 3a on ring vertex c is other than hydrogen, hi another embodiment, the ring vertices a and c are each N; b is hydrogen; and d is C(R 3a ), wherein R 3a on ring vertex d is other than hydrogen.
  • the compounds of the invention having formula Ia is represented by formulae Ia 1 or Ia 2 :
  • each of ring vertices a, b, c and d is independently selected from N and C(R 3a ), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N; and each R 3a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, Cj -6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 3-6 heterocycloalkyl, -S(O) 2 R h , amino, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxazoylyl, oxadiazolyl, isoxazolyl and
  • the ring vertex d is N. In another embodiment the ring vertex b is N. In another embodiment the ring vertex c is N. In another embodiment the ring vertex d is N. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is N; b and d are each hydrogen; and c is C(R 3a ) wherein R 3a is other than hydrogen. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is C(R 3a ), wherein R 3a on ring vertex a is other than hydrogen; b is N; and c and d are each hydrogen.
  • the ring vertex a is N; b and c are each hydrogen; and d is C(R 3a ) wherein R 3a on ring vertex d is other than hydrogen.
  • the ring vertex a is C(R 3a ), wherein R 3a on ring vertex a is other than hydrogen; b and c_are each hydrogen; and d is N.
  • the ring vertex a is C(R 3a ), wherein R 3a on ring vertex a is other than hydrogen; b and d are each N; and c is hydrogen.
  • the ring vertices a and b are each hydrogen; c is C(R 3a ), wherein R 3a on ring vertex c is other than hydrogen; and d is N.
  • R 2 ° is halogen, cyano or nitro
  • R 2d is selected from -SR C , -O-X 2 -OR C , -X 2 -OR C , -R e , -OR C and -NR d C(O)R°
  • R 2a is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl 5 Br, I, -CO 2 Me, -CONH 2 , CN, oxazolyl, -CH 2 NH 2 , -CH 2 NHMe, and -CH 2 NMe 2
  • each of ring vertices a, b, c and d is independently selected from N and C(R 3a ), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N
  • each R 3a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl,
  • the ring vertex a is N. In another embodiment the ring vertex b is N. In another embodiment the ring vertex c is N. In another embodiment, the ring vertex d is N. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is C(R 3a ), wherein R 3a on ring vertex a is other than hydrogen; b is N; and c and d are each hydrogen. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is N; b and c are each hydrogen; and d is C(R 3a ) wherein R 3a on ring vertex d is other than hydrogen.
  • the ring vertex a is C(R 3a ), wherein R 3a on ring vertex a is other than hydrogen; b and c are each hydrogen; and d is N.
  • the ring vertex a is C(R 3a ), wherein R 3a on ring vertex a is other than hydrogen; b and d are each N; and c is hydrogen.
  • the ring vertices a and b are each hydrogen; c is C(R 3a ), wherein R 3a on ring vertex c is other than hydrogen; and d is N.
  • a family of specific compound of particular interest having formulae Ia and Ib consists of compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates orN-oxides thereof, as set forth in Table 1.
  • Another family of specific compounds of particular interest having formulae Ia and Ib consists of compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates or N-oxides thereof as set forth in Table 2.
  • Schemes IA - IM illustrate a variety of methods for the preparation of a variety of azaindazole-type derivatives.
  • X is halogen
  • Nu is nucleophilic group
  • the symbol v ⁇ within an aryl ring indicate the replacement of one to two carbon(s) of said aryl ring vertex (vertices) with nitrogen atom(s)
  • L is a ligand
  • non-interferring substituents are provided as -R, -R 5 -R , and -R'".
  • Scheme IA shows the synthesis of azaindazole derivatives from halo-pyridine- carbaldehyde or ketone. hydrazine
  • Scheme IB shows the synthesis of azaindazole derivatives from halo- cyanopyridines .
  • Scheme 1C shows the synthesis of azaindazole derivatives from amino-methyl- pyridine.
  • Scheme ID shows the reaction of azaindazole derivatives with an ⁇ -haloacetate or ⁇ -haloacetamide.
  • Scheme IE shows the reaction of azaindazole derivatives with an electrophilic halogen source (X+).
  • Scheme IF shows a metal-assisted coupling reaction of a halo-azaindazole derivative.
  • Scheme IG shows a metal-assisted amination reaction of a halo-azaindazole derivative.
  • Scheme 1 H shows the amination of an azaindazole derivative.
  • Scheme II shows the functionalization of an azaindazole derivative.
  • Scheme IJ shows the synthesis of a pyrazolopyrazine derivative.
  • Scheme IK shows the synthesis of a pyrazolopyrimidine derivative.
  • Scheme IL shows the synthesis of a pyrazolopyrimidine derivative.
  • Scheme IM shows the synthesis of N-oxide derivatives of the invention.
  • compositions for modulating CCRl activity in humans and animals will typically contain a pharmaceutical earner or diluent.
  • composition as used herein is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable it is meant the carrier, diluent or excipient must be compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.
  • compositions for the administration of the compounds of this invention may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy and drug delivery. All methods include the step of bringing the active ingredient into association with the carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing the active ingredient into association with a liquid carrier or a finely divided solid carrier or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired formulation.
  • the active object compound is included in an amount sufficient to produce the desired effect upon the process or condition of diseases.
  • compositions containing the active ingredient may be in a form suitable for oral use, for example, as tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions and self emulsifications as described in U.S. Patent Application 2002-0012680, hard or soft capsules, syrups, elixirs, solutions, buccal patch, oral gel, chewing gum, chewable tablets, effervescent powder and effervescent tablets.
  • compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents, antioxidants and preserving agents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations.
  • Tablets contain the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are suitable for the manufacture of tablets.
  • excipients may be for example, inert diluents, such as cellulose, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, glucose, mannitol, sorbitol, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for example, corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, for example PVP, cellulose, PEG, starch, gelatin or acacia, and lubricating agents, for example magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc.
  • the tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated, enterically or otherwise, by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period.
  • a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate may be employed. They may also be coated by the techniques described in the U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,256,108; 4,166,452; and 4,265,874 to form osmotic therapeutic tablets for control release.
  • Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.
  • emulsions can be prepared with a non- water miscible ingredient such as oils and stabilized with surfactants such as mono-diglycerides, PEG esters and the like.
  • Aqueous suspensions contain the active materials in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions.
  • excipients are suspending agents, for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxy- propylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide, for example lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for example polyoxy- ethylene stearate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbito
  • the aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives, for example ethyl, or n- propyl, p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents, and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose or saccharin.
  • preservatives for example ethyl, or n- propyl, p-hydroxybenzoate
  • coloring agents for example ethyl, or n- propyl, p-hydroxybenzoate
  • coloring agents for example ethyl, or n- propyl, p-hydroxybenzoate
  • flavoring agents such as sucrose or saccharin.
  • sweetening agents such as sucrose or saccharin.
  • Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil, for example arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin.
  • the oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set forth above, and flavoring agents may be added to provide a palatable oral preparation. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.
  • Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives.
  • a dispersing or wetting agent e.g., sodium EDTA
  • suspending agent e.g., sodium EDTA
  • preservatives e.g., sodium EDTA, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the form of oil-in- water emulsions.
  • the oily phase may be a vegetable oil, for example olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, for example liquid paraffin or mixtures of these.
  • Suitable emulsifying agents may be naturally-occurring gums, for example gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally- occurring phosphatides, for example soy bean, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example sorbitan monooleate, and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for example polyoxy ethylene sorbitan monooleate.
  • the emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents.
  • Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for example glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative and flavoring and coloring agents. Oral solutions can be prepared in combination with, for example, cyclodextrin, PEG and surfactants.
  • sweetening agents for example glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose.
  • Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative and flavoring and coloring agents.
  • Oral solutions can be prepared in combination with, for example, cyclodextrin, PEG and surfactants.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleagenous suspension.
  • This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butane diol.
  • the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
  • any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides.
  • fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.
  • the compounds of the present invention may also be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration of the drug.
  • These compositions can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drag.
  • a suitable non-irritating excipient include cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols.
  • the compounds can be administered via ocular delivery by means of solutions or ointments. Still further, transdermal delivery of the subject compounds can be accomplished by means of iontophoretic patches and the like.
  • transdermal delivery of the subject compounds can be accomplished by means of iontophoretic patches and the like.
  • creams, ointments, jellies, solutions or suspensions, etc., containing the compounds of the present invention are employed.
  • topical application is also meant to include the use of mouth washes and gargles.
  • the compounds of this invention may also be coupled a carrier that is a suitable polymers as targetable drug carriers.
  • suitable polymers can include polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxy-propyl-methacrylamide-phenol, polyhydroxyethyl-aspartamide- phenol, or polyethyleneoxide-polylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues.
  • the compounds of the invention may be coupled to a carrier that is a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross linked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
  • a carrier that is a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross linked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
  • Polymers and semipermeable polymer matrices may be formed into shaped articles, such as valves, stents, tubing, prostheses and the like.
  • the compound of the invention is coupled to a polymer or semipermeable polymer matrix that is formed as a stent or stent-graft device.
  • the present invention provides methods of treating CCRl- mediated conditions or diseases by administering to a subject having such a disease or condition, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I above.
  • the "subject” is defined herein to include animals such as mammals, including, but not limited to, primates (e.g., humans), cows, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, mice and the like.
  • CCRl provides a target for interfering with or promoting specific aspects of immune cell functions, or more generally, with functions associated with CCRl expression on a wide range of cell types in a mammal, such as a human.
  • Compounds that inhibit CCRl are particularly useful for modulating monocyte, macrophage, lymphocyte, granulocyte, NK cell, mast cells, dendritic cell, neutrophils, and certain immune derived cell (for example, osteoclasts) function for therapeutic purposes. Accordingly, the present invention is directed to compounds which are useful in the prevention and/or treatment of a wide variety of inflammatory and immunoregulatory disorders and diseases (see Saeki, et al., Current Pharmaceutical Design 9:1201-1208 (2003)).
  • an instant compound that inhibits one or more functions of CCRl may be administered to inhibit (i.e., reduce or prevent) inflammation or cellular infiltration associated with an immune disorder.
  • one or more inflammatory processes such as leukocyte emigration or infiltration, chemotaxis, exocytosis (e.g., of enzymes, histamine) or inflammatory mediator release, can be inhibited.
  • monocyte infiltration to an inflammatory site e.g., an affected joint in arthritis, or into the CNS in MS
  • an inflammatory site e.g., an affected joint in arthritis, or into the CNS in MS
  • an instant compound that promotes one or more functions of CCRl is administered to stimulate (induce or enhance) an inflammatory response, such as leukocyte emigration, chemotaxis, exocytosis (e.g., of enzymes, histamine) or inflammatory mediator release, resulting in the beneficial stimulation of inflammatory processes.
  • an inflammatory response such as leukocyte emigration, chemotaxis, exocytosis (e.g., of enzymes, histamine) or inflammatory mediator release, resulting in the beneficial stimulation of inflammatory processes.
  • monocytes can be recruited to combat bacterial infections.
  • the disease or condition is one in which the actions of immune cells such monocyte, macrophage, lymphocyte, granulocyte, NK cell, mast cell, dendritic cell, or certain immune derived cell (for example, osteoclasts) are to be inhibited or promoted, in order to modulate the inflammatory or autoimmune response.
  • immune cells such monocyte, macrophage, lymphocyte, granulocyte, NK cell, mast cell, dendritic cell, or certain immune derived cell (for example, osteoclasts) are to be inhibited or promoted, in order to modulate the inflammatory or autoimmune response.
  • diseases or conditions including chronic diseases, of humans or other species can treated with modulators of CCRl function.
  • diseases or conditions include: (1) allergic diseases such as systemic anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity responses, drug allergies, insect sting allergies and food allergies, (2) inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, ileitis and enteritis, (3) vaginitis, (4) psoriasis and inflammatory dermatoses such as dermatitis, eczema, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, urticaria and pruritus, (5) vasculitis, (6) spondyloarthropathies, (7) scleroderma, (8) asthma and respiratory allergic diseases such as allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, hypersensitivity lung diseases and the like, (9) autoimmune diseases, such as fibromyalagia, scleroderma, ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile RA, Still'
  • diseases or conditions can be treated with modulators of CCRl function.
  • diseases to be treated with modulators of CCRl function include cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diseases in which angiogenesis or neovascularization play a role (neoplastic diseases, retinopathy and macular degeneration), infectious diseases (viral infections, e.g., HIV infection, and bacterial infections) and immunosuppressive diseases such as organ transplant conditions and skin transplant conditions.
  • organ transplant conditions is meant to include bone marrow transplant conditions and solid organ (e.g., kidney, liver, lung, heart, pancreas or combination thereof) transplant conditions.
  • the compounds of the present invention are accordingly useful in the prevention and treatment of a wide variety of inflammatory and immunoregulatory disorders and diseases.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be administered by oral, parenteral (e.g., intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, ICV, intracisternal injection or infusion, subcutaneous injection, or implant), by implantation (e.g., as when the compound is coupled to a stent device), by inhalation spray, nasal, vaginal, rectal, sublingual, or topical routes of administration and may be formulated, alone or together, in suitable dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles appropriate for each route of administration.
  • parenteral e.g., intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, ICV, intracisternal injection or infusion, subcutaneous injection, or implant
  • implantation e.g., as when the compound is coupled to a stent device
  • inhalation spray e.g., nasal, vaginal, rectal, sublingual, or topical routes of administration and may be formulated, alone or together, in suitable dosage unit formulations
  • an appropriate dosage level will generally be about 0.001 to 100 mg per kg patient body weight per day which can be administered in single or multiple doses.
  • the dosage level will be about 0.01 to about 25 mg/kg per day; more preferably about 0.05 to about 10 mg/kg per day.
  • a suitable dosage level may be about 0.01 to 25 mg/kg per day, about 0.05 to 10 mg/kg per day, or about 0.1 to 5 mg/kg per day. Within this range the dosage may be 0.005 to 0.05, 0.05 to 0.5 or 0.5 to 5.0 mg/kg per day.
  • compositions are preferably provided in the form of tablets containing 1.0 to 1000 milligrams of the active ingredient, particularly 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0, 100.0, 150.0, 200.0, 250.0, 300.0, 400.0, 500.0, 600.0, 750.0, 800.0, 900.0, and 1000.0 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the patient to be treated.
  • the compounds may be administered on a regimen of 1 to 4 times per day, preferably once or twice per day.
  • the compounds and compositions of the present invention can be combined with other compounds and compositions having related utilities to prevent and treat the condition or disease of interest, such as inflammatory or autoimmune disorders, conditions and diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, polyarticular arthritis, multiple sclerosis, allergic diseases, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and asthma, and those pathologies noted above.
  • inflammatory or autoimmune disorders including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, polyarticular arthritis, multiple sclerosis, allergic diseases, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and asthma, and those pathologies noted above.
  • the present compounds and compositions may be used in conjunction with an anti-inflammatory or analgesic agent such as an opiate agonist, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, such as an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, such as a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, an interleukin inhibitor, such as an interleukin-1 inhibitor, an NMDA antagonist, an inhibitor of nitric oxide or an inhibitor of the synthesis of nitric oxide, a non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, or a cytokine-suppressing antiinflammatory agent, for example with a compound such as acetaminophen, aspirin, codeine, fentanyl, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketorolac, morphine, naproxen, phenacetin, piroxicam, a steroidal analgesic agent such as an opiate agonist, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, such as an inhibitor of
  • the instant compounds and compositions may be administered with an analgesic listed above; a potentiator such as caffeine, an H2 antagonist (e.g., ranitidine), simethicone, aluminum or magnesium hydroxide; a decongestant such as phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, ephinephrine, naphazoline, xylometazoline, propylhexedrine, or levo desoxy ephedrine; an antitussive such as codeine, hydrocodone, caramiphen, carbetapentane, or dextromethorphan; a diuretic; and a sedating or non sedating antihistamine.
  • a potentiator such as caffeine, an H2 antagonist (e.g., ranitidine), simethicone, aluminum or magnesium hydroxide
  • a decongestant such as phenylephrine, phenylprop
  • compounds and compositions of the present invention may be used in combination with other drugs that are used in the treatment, prevention, suppression or amelioration of the diseases or conditions for which compounds and compositions of the present invention are useful.
  • Such other drugs may be administered, by a route and in an amount commonly used therefor, contemporaneously or sequentially with a compound or composition of the present invention.
  • a pharmaceutical composition containing such other drugs in addition to the compound or composition of the present invention is preferred.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include those that also contain one or more other active ingredients or therapeutic agents, in addition to a compound or composition of the present invention.
  • Examples of other therapeutic agents that maybe combined with a compound or composition of the present invention, either administered separately or in the same pharmaceutical compositions, include, but are not limited to: (a) VLA-4 antagonists, (b) corticosteroids, such as beclomethasone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, prednisone, prenisolone, dexamethasone, fluticasone, hydrocortisone, budesonide, triamcinolone, salmeterol, salmeterol, salbutamol, formeterol; (c) immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine (cyclosporine A, Sandimmune®, Neoral®), tacrolimus (FK-506, Prograf®), rapamycin (sirolimus, Rapamune®) and other FK-506 type immunosuppressants, and mycophenolate, e.g., mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept®); (d) antihistamines (Hl -h
  • NSAIDs non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents
  • propionic acid derivatives e.g., alminoprofen, benoxaprofen, bucloxic acid, carprofen, fenbufen, fenoprofen, fiuprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, indoprofen, ketoprofen, rniroprofen, naproxen, oxaprozin, pirprofen, pranoprofen, suprofen, tiaprofenic acid and tioxaprofen), acetic acid derivatives (e.g., indomethacin, acemetacin
  • the weight ratio of the compound of the present invention to the second active ingredient may be varied and will depend upon the effective dose of each ingredient. Generally, an effective dose of each will be used. Thus, for example, when a compound of the present invention is combined with an NSAID the weight ratio of the compound of the present invention to the NSAID will generally range from about 1000:1 to about 1:1000, preferably about 200:1 to about 1:200. Combinations of a compound of the present invention and other active ingredients will generally also be within the aforementioned range, but in each case, an effective dose of each active ingredient should be used.
  • Reagents and solvents used below can be obtained from commercial sources such as Aldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA). 1 H-NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian Mercury 400 MHz NMR spectrometer. Significant peaks are provided relative to TMS and are tabulated in the order: multiplicity (s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; q, quartet; m, multiplet) and number of protons. Mass spectrometry results are reported as the ratio of mass over charge, followed by the relative abundance of each ion (in parenthesis).
  • Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry analysis was conducted on a Hewlett-Packard MSD electrospray mass spectrometer using the HP 1100 HPLC for sample delivery. Normally the analyte was dissolved in methanol at 0.1 mg/mL and 1 microlitre was infused with the delivery solvent into the mass spectrometer, which scanned from 100 to 1500 daltons.
  • ESI Electrospray ionization
  • arylpiperazine compounds can be commercially obtained. Others could be prepared as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 11/008,774, the contents of which is hereby incorporated in its entirety for all purposes. Also, standard chemistries have been employed to link the arylpiperazine and heteroaromatic subunits (whether commercially obtained or prepared by the methods below) using a suitably optimized linker, such as the acetyl unit described in the body of this invention.
  • the resultant mixture was heated at 80 0 C for 2 hours, cooled to room temperature, and diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL). The mixture was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution(50 mL), water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to provide a crude residue. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica, 15% ethyl acetate/hexane to 50% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give 1- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-l-yl-ethanone (20.2 mg) which was used without further purification.
  • the resultant mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (300 niL), and washed with water (3 x 150 niL) and brine (100 mL). The organic layer was dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and concentrated in vacuo to provide a crude residue.
  • the resultant mixture was purified by preparative HPLC to provide 2-(3-Aminopyrazolo[3,4- ⁇ ]pyridin- 1 -yl)- 1 -[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpiperazin- 1 -yljethanone as a yellow powder.
  • the resultant mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min.
  • the reaction solution was concentrated in vacuo, and the crude residue was diluted with 150 mL of dichloromethane, washed with 25 mL of water, brine, and dried over sodium sulfate.
  • the resultant mixture was for 30 minutes at -40 0 C followed by dropwise addition of an ammonium chloride aqueous (aq) solution at low temperature.
  • the reaction solution was warmed to rt, diluted with 200 mL of EtOAc, washed with 50 mL of water, brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.
  • the resultant solution was heated at 150 0 C overnight. Upon cooling to rt, the desired product precipitated out of solution as a white solid.
  • the crude product was isolated by filtration, washed with a small amount of dioxane, and dried in vacuo.
  • the resultant mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 80 0 C for 48 h.
  • the reaction solution was cooled to rt, diluted with 30 mL OfNH 4 Cl sat. aq. solution, and extracted with 300 mL of EtOAc.
  • the organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.
  • reaction solution was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 , and concentrated in vacuo.
  • crude product was purified by flash chromatography to provide l-[(S)-4-(4- Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-iodo-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone (2.2 g).
  • reaction mixture was cooled to rt, diluted with ethyl acetate and filtered.
  • the filtrate was washed with water, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and purified by flash chromatography to provide 1 - ⁇ 2-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5- methoxy-phenyl)-2-(S)-methyl-piperazin-l-yl]-2-oxo-ethyl ⁇ -lH-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3- carbonitrile (1.6 g).
  • reaction solution was concentrated in vacuo, and dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with brine, and concentrated to provide l- ⁇ 2-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy- ⁇ henyl)-2-methyl-piperazin- l-yl]-2-oxo-ethyl ⁇ -N-hydroxy-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carboxamidine ( 1.2 g).
  • reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to provide a crude residue which was purified by flash chromatography to provide l-[(S)-4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy"phenyl)-2-methyl-pi ⁇ erazin-l- yl]-2-(3-[l,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone ( 0.7 g).
  • the resultant mixture was stirred at -78 0 C for an additional 60 min followed by the addition of ZnCl 2 (0.5 M in THF, 32 mL, 4 equiv.).
  • the reaction solution was allowed to warm to 0 0 C and stirred 1 h followed by the addition of l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-iodo-2-yl- pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone (2.12 g, 4 mmol, 1 equiv) and palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) (462 mg, 0.1 equiv).' The reaction mixture was then heated to reflux for 12 hr, cooled to room temperature and diluted with ethyl acetate.
  • THP-I cells were obtained from ATCC (TIB-202) and cultured as a suspension in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine, 1.5 g/L sodium bicarbonate, 4.5 g/L glucose, 10 mM HEPES, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 0.05% 2-mercaptoethanol and 10% FBS. Cells were grown under 5% CO 2 /95% air, 100% humidity at 37 0 C and subcultured twice weekly at 1 :5 (cells were cultured at a density range of 2 x 10 5 to 2 x 10 6 cells/mL) and harvested at 1 x 10 6 cells/mL. THP-I cells express CCRl and can be used in CCRl binding and functional assays. b) Isolated human monocytes
  • Monocytes were isolated from human buffy coats using the Miltenyi bead isolation system (Miltenyi, Auburn, CA). Briefly, following a Ficoll gradient separation to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells, cells were washed with PBS and the red blood cells lysed using standard procedures. Remaining cells were labeled with anti-CD14 antibodies coupled to magnetic beads (Miltenyi Biotech, Auburn, CA). Labeled cells were passed through AutoMACS (Miltenyi, Auburn, CA) and positive fraction collected. Monocytes express CCRl and can be used in CCRl binding and functional assays. B. Assays
  • CCRl expressing cells were centrifuged and resuspended in assay buffer (20 mM HEPES pH 7.1, 140 mM NaCl, 1 mM CaCl 2 , 5 mM MgCl 2 , and with 0.2% bovine serum albumin) to a concentration of 5 x 10 6 cells/mL for THP-I cells and 5 x 10 5 for monocytes. Binding assays were set up as follows.
  • IC 5 0 values are those concentrations required to reduce the binding of labeled MIP-I ⁇ to the receptor by 50%. .
  • THP-I or monocytes were incubated with 3 ⁇ M of INDO-I AM dye (Molecular Probes; Eugene, OR) in cell media for 45 minutes at room temperature and washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). After INDO-IAM loading, the cells were resuspended in flux buffer (Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) and 1% FBS). Calcium mobilization was measured using a Photon Technology International spectrophotometer (Photon Technology International; New Jersey) with excitation at 350 nm and dual simultaneous recording of fluorescence emission at 400 nm and 490 nm.
  • INDO-I AM dye Molecular Probes; Eugene, OR
  • Relative intracellular calcium levels were expressed as the 400 nm/490 nm emission ratio. Experiments were performed at 37°C with constant mixing in cuvettes each containing 10 6 cells in 2 mL of flux buffer. The chemokine ligands may be used over a range from 1 to 100 nM. The emission ratio was plotted over time (typically 2-3 minutes).
  • Candidate ligand blocking compounds up to 10 ⁇ M were added at 10 seconds, followed by chemokines at 60 seconds (i.e., MIP-I ⁇ ; R&D Systems; Minneapolis, MN) and control chemokine (i.e., SDF- l ⁇ ; R&D Systems; Minneapolis, MN) at 150 seconds.
  • Chemotaxis assays were performed using 5 [va. pore polycarbonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated filters in 96-well chemotaxis chambers (Neuroprobe; Gaithersburg, MD) using chemotaxis buffer (Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) and 1% FBS).
  • CCRl chemokine ligands i.e., MIP-Ia, CCL15/Leukotactin; R&D Systems; Minneapolis, MN
  • Other chemokines i.e., SDF-I ⁇ ; R&D Systems; Minneapolis, MN are used as specificity controls.
  • the lower chamber was loaded with 29 ⁇ l of chemokine (i.e., 0.1 nM CCL15/Leukotactin) and varying amounts of compound; the top chamber contained 100,000 THP-I or monocyte cells in 20 ⁇ l.
  • the chambers were incubated 1-2 hours at 37 0 C, and the number of cells in the lower chamber quantified either by direct cell counts in five high powered fields per well or by the CyQuant assay (Molecular Probes), a fluorescent dye method that measures nucleic acid content and microscopic observation.
  • radioactive ligand i.e, MIP-I ⁇ or CCL15/Leukotactin binding to cells expressing CCRl on the cell surface (for example, THP-I cells or isolated human monocytes).
  • MIP-I ⁇ or CCL15/Leukotactin binding to cells expressing CCRl on the cell surface
  • THP-I cells and monocytes lack other chemokine receptors that bind the same set of chemokine ligands as CCRl (i.e., MlP-l ⁇ , MPIF-I, Leukotactin, etc.). Equal numbers of cells were added to each well in the plate. The cells were then incubated with radiolabeled MIP- l ⁇ . Unbound ligand was removed by washing the cells, and bound ligand was determined by quantifying radioactive counts. Cells that were incubated without any organic compound gave total counts; non-specific binding was determined by incubating the cells with unlabeled ligand and labeled ligand. Percent inhibition was determined by the equation:
  • % inhibition (1 - [(sample cpm) - (nonspecific cpm)]/[(total cpm) - (nonspecific cpm)]) x 100.
  • inhibitory activity was titered over a 1 x 10 "10 to 1 x 10 "4 M range of compound concentrations. In the assay, the amount of compound was varied; while cell number and ligand concentration were held constant.
  • CCRl is a seven transmembrane, G-protein linked receptor.
  • a hallmark of signaling cascades induced by the ligation of some such receptors is the pulse-like release of calcium ions from intracellular stores.
  • Calcium mobilization assays were performed to determine if the candidate CCRl inhibitory compounds were able to also block aspects of CCRl signaling.
  • Candidate compounds able to inhibit ligand binding and signaling with an enhanced specificity over other chemokine and non-chemokine receptors were desired.
  • CCRl chemokine ligands i.e., MlP-l ⁇ , MPIF-I, Leukotactin, etc.
  • CCRl chemokine ligands i.e., MlP-l ⁇ , MPIF-I, Leukotactin, etc.
  • INDO-I calcium indicator
  • THP-I cells or monocytes were loaded with INDO-1/AM and assayed for calcium release in response to CCRl chemokine ligand (i.e., MIP- l ⁇ ) addition.
  • non-CCRl ligands, specifically bradykinin was added, which also signals via a seven transmembrane receptor. Without compound, a pulse of fluorescent signal will be seen upon MIP- l ⁇ addition.
  • chemokines One of the primary functions of chemokines is their ability to mediate the migration of chemokine receptor-expressing cells, such as white blood cells.
  • chemokine receptor-expressing cells such as white blood cells.
  • a chemotaxis assay was employed. THP-I myelomonocytic leukemia cells, which resemble monocytes, as wells as freshly isolated monocytes, were used as targets for chemoattraction by CCRl chemokine ligands (i.e., MIP-I ⁇ , CCL15/leukotactin).
  • LPS bacterial membrane component lipopolysaccharide
  • vehicle only phosphate buffered saline with 1% DMSO
  • Beneficial effects of treatment were determined by histopathologic evaluation of synovial inflammation. Inflammation scores are used for the histopathologic evaluation: 1 - minimal, 2 - mild, 3 - moderate, 4 - moderate-marked.
  • Rat collagen arthritis is an experimental model of polyarthritis that has been widely used for preclinical testing of numerous anti-arthritic agents (see Trentham, et al., J. Exp. Med. 146(3):857-868 (1977), Bendele, et al., Toxicologic Pathol. 27:134-142 (1999), Bendele, et al., Arthritis Rheum. 42:498-506 (1999)).
  • the hallmarks of this model are reliable onset and progression of robust, easily measurable polyarticular inflammation, marked cartilage destruction in association with pannus formation and mild to moderate bone resorption and periosteal bone proliferation.
  • Female Lewis rats (approximately 0.2 kilograms) are anesthetized with isoflurane and injected with Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant containing 2 mg/mL bovine type II collagen at the base of the tail and two sites on the back on days 0 and 6 of this 17 day study.
  • a candidate compound is dosed daily in a sub-cutaneous manner from day 0 till day 17 at a efficacious dose. Caliper measurements of the ankle joint diameter were taken, and reducing joint swelling is taken as a measure of efficacy.

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Abstract

Compounds are provided that act as potent antagonists of the CCR1 receptor, and have in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. The compounds are generally aryl piperazine derivatives and are useful in pharmaceutical compositions, methods for the treatment of CCR1-mediated diseases, and as controls in assays for the identification of competitive CCR1 antagonists.

Description

AZAINDAZOLE COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/693,525 filed on June 22, 2005, the contents of which is incorporated herein in its entirety for all purposes.
STATEMENT AS TO RIGHTS TO INVENTIONS MADE UNDER FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
[0002] NOT APPLICABLE
REFERENCE TO A "SEQUENCE LISTING," A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING APPENDIX SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISK.
[0003] NOT APPLICABLE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] The present invention provides compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more of those compounds or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, which are effective in inhibiting the binding of various chemokines, such as MIP-I α, leukotactin, MPIF-I and RANTES, to the CCRl receptor. As antagonists or modulators for the CCRl receptor, the compounds and compositions have utility in treating inflammatory and immune disorder conditions and diseases.
[0005] Human health depends on the body's ability to detect and destroy foreign pathogens that might otherwise take valuable resources from the individual and/or induce illness. The immune system, which comprises leukocytes (white blood cells (WBCs): T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages granulocytes, NK cell, mast cells, dendritic cell, and immune derived cells (for example, osteoclasts)), lymphoid tissues and lymphoid vessels, is the body's defense system. To combat infection, white blood cells circulate throughout the body to detect pathogens. Once a pathogen is detected, innate immune cells and cytotoxic T cells in particular are recruited to the infection site to destroy the pathogen. Chemokines act as molecular beacons for the recruitment and activation of immune cells, such as lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes, identifying sites where pathogens exist.
[0006] Despite the immune system's regulation of pathogens, certain inappropriate chemokine signaling can develop and has been attributed to triggering or sustaining inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and others. For example, in rheumatoid arthritis, unregulated chemokine accumulation in bone joints attracts and activates infiltrating macrophages and T-cells. The activities of these cells induce synovial cell proliferation that leads, at least in part, to inflammation and eventual bone and cartilage loss (see, DeVries, M.E., et al., Semin Immunol ll(2):95-104 (1999)). A hallmark of some demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis is the chemokine-mediated monocyte/macrophage and T cell recruitment to the central nervous system (see, Kennedy, et al., J. Clin. Immunol. 19(5):273-279 (1999)). Chemokine recruitment of destructive WBCs to transplants has been implicated in their subsequent rejection. See, DeVries, M.E., et al., ibid. Because chemokines play pivotal roles in inflammation and lymphocyte development, the ability to specifically manipulate their activity has enormous impact on ameliorating and halting diseases that currently have no satisfactory treatment. In addition, transplant rejection maybe minimized without the generalized and complicating effects of costly immunosuppressive pharmaceuticals.
[0007] Chemokines, a group of greater than 40 small peptides (7-10 kD), ligate receptors expressed primarily on WBCs or immune derived cells, and signal through G-protein-coupled signaling cascades to mediate their chemoattractant and chemostimulant functions. Receptors may bind more than one ligand; for example, the receptor CCRl ligates RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed), MIP- lα (macrophage inflammatory protein), MPIF- l/CKβ8, and Leukotactin chemokines (among others with lesser affinities). To date, 24 chemokine receptors are known. The sheer number of chemokines, multiple ligand binding receptors, and different receptor profiles on immune cells allow for tightly controlled and specific immune responses. See, Rossi, et al., Ann. Rev. Immunol. 18(l):217-242 (2000). Chemokine activity can be controlled through the modulation of their corresponding receptors, treating related inflammatory and immunological diseases and enabling organ and tissue transplants.
[0008] The receptor CCRl and its chemokine ligands, including, for example MIP- lα, MPIF-l/CKβ8, leukotactin and RANTES, represent significant therapeutic targets (see Saeki, et al., Current Pharmaceutical Design 9:1201-1208 (2003)) since they have been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis, transplant rejection (see, DeVries, M.E., et al., ibid.), and multiple sclerosis (see, Fischer, et al., J Neuroimmunol. 110(1-2): 195-208 (2000); Izikson, et al., J. Exp. Med. 192(7): 1075- 1080 (2000); and Rottman, et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 30(8):2372- 2377 (2000). In fact, function-blocking antibodies, modified chemokine receptor ligands and small organic compounds have been discovered, some of which have been successfully demonstrated to prevent or treat some chemokine-mediated diseases (reviewed in Rossi, et al., ibid.). Notably, in an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis, disease development is diminished when a signaling-blocking, modifϊed-RANTES ligand is administered (see Plater- Zyberk, et SLI, Immunol Lett. 57(1-3):117-120 (1997)). While function-blocking antibody and small peptide therapies are promising, they suffer from the perils of degradation, extremely short half-lives once administered, and prohibitive expense to develop and manufacture, characteristic of most proteins. Small organic compounds are preferable since they often have longer half lives in vivo, require fewer doses to be effective, can often be administered orally, and are consequently less expensive. Some organic antagonists of CCRl have been previously described (see, Hesselgesser, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 273(25): 15687- 15692 (1998); Ng, et al., J. Med. Chem. 42(22):4680-4694 (1999); Liang, et al, J. Biol. Chem. 275(25): 19000- 19008 (2000); and Liang, et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol. 389(l):41-49 (2000)). In view of the effectiveness demonstrated for treatment of disease in animal models (see, Liang, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 275(25):19000-19008 (2000)), the search has continued to identify additional compounds that can be used in the treatment of diseases mediated by CCRl signaling.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The present invention provides compounds having a formula selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000004_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or N-oxide thereof. In the formulae above, the subscript m is an integer of from 0 to 4.
[0010] The symbol R1 is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of C1-8 alkyl, Ci-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, -CO2Ra, -S(O)3R3, -X1CO2R8, -X1SO2R3, -X1S(O)3R", -X1OR3, -CORa, -CONRaRb, -X1NR3R13, -X1NR3COR15, -X1CONR3R6, X1S(O)2NR^, X1S(O)2R3, -OR3, -NRaRb, -NRaCORb, -CONRaRb, -NR3S(O)2Rb, -S(O)2NRaRb, -S(O)2R3, -X1COR3, X1CONR3R13, and -X1NR3S(O)2R15, wherein X1 is CM alkylene and each Ra and Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C-i-8 alkyl, Ci-8 haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl, or optionally Ra and Rb when attached to the same nitrogen atom are combined to form a 3- to 7-membered ring having from 0-2
5 additional heteroatoms as ring members; and wherein the aliphatic portions of each of said R1 substituents is optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -0Rm, -OC(O)NHR111, -OC(O)N(Rm)2, -SH, -SRm, -S(O)Rm, -S(O)2R"1, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR"1, -S(O)2N(Rm)2, -NHS(O)2R171, -NRmS(0)2Rra, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR"1, -C(O)N(Rm)2, -C(O)Rm 5 -NHC(O)R"1, -NR111C(O)R"1, -NHC(O)NH2,
O -NRmC(O)NH2, -NRmC(0)NHRin, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -NHC(=NRm)NH2,
-NR"1C(=NRffi)N(Rm)2, -NRmC(=NRm)NH(Rm), -NHC(=NRm)NH(Rm), -NHC(=NRm)N(Rm)2, -NHC(=NH)N(Rm)2, -NHC(=NH)NH(Rm), -C(=NH)NH2, -C(=NR"1)NH2, -C(=NRm)N(Rm)2, -C(=NRm)NH(Rm), -NHC(O)NHR"1, -NRmC(O)N(Rm)2, -NHC(O)N(Rm)2, -CO2H, -CO2R"1, -NHCO2R"1, -NRmCO2Rm, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR"1, -N(Rm)2, -NR111S(O)NH2 and
5 -NRmS(0)2NHRm, wherein each Rm is independently an unsubstituted C i -6 alkyl.
[0011] The symbols R2a, R2c and R2d in formulae Ia and Ib are each substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, aryl, heteroaryl, -NO2, -CO2R0, -C0NRcRd, -C(O)R0, -S(O)R6, -S(O)2R6, -S(O)3R0, -Re, -C(NOR°)Rd, -C(NR0V)=NV, -N(V)C(R°)=NV, -X2C(NOR°)Rd, -X2C(NR0V)=NV,
O -X2N(V)C(R°)=NV, -X2NR°Rd, -X2SR0, -X2CN, -X2NO2, -X2CO2R0, -X2C0NRcRd, 1 -X2C(O)R0, -X2OC(O)NR°Rd, -X2NRdC(0)Rc, -X2NRdC(O)2Re, -X2NR°C(0)NRcRd, -X2NH-C(NH2)=NH, -X2NR6C(NH2)^NH, -X2NH-C(NH2)=NRe, -X^H-CtNHR^NH, - X2S(O)R6, -X2S(O)2R6, -X2NR0S(O)2R6, -X2S(O)2NR°Rd, -X2N3, -OR0, -SR0, -NRdC(O)R°, - NRdC(O)2Re, -X2S(O)3R0, -S(O)2NR°Rd, -X2OR0, -0-X2OR0, -X2NR°Rd, -O-X2NR°Rd,
,5 -NRd-X2CO2Rc, -NRc-C(O)NR°Rd, -NH-C(NH2)=NH, -NReC(NH2)=NH, -NH-C(NH2)=NRe, -NH-CO^HRVNH, -NReC(NHRe)=NH, -NReC(NH2)=NRe, -NH-C(NHR>NRe, -NH- C(NR6R^=NH, NR0S(O)2R6, -NR°C(S)NR°Rd, -X2NR0C(S)NR0R0, -X2OC(O)R0, -O- X2C0NR°Rd, -OC(O)R0, -NR°Rd, -NRd-X20R° and -NRd-X2NR°Rd.
[0012] Within each of R2a, R2° and R2d, X2 is C1-4 alkylene and each R° and Rd is 10 independently selected from hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, C]-8 haloalkyl, and C3-6 cycloalkyl.
Optionally, R° and Rd when attached to the same nitrogen atom can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a five or six-membered ring having from O to 2 additional heteroatoms as ring members. The symbol R6 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-8 alkyl, C1-S haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and each of R0, Rd and Re is optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH5 -ORn, -OC(O)NHRn, -OC(O)N(Rn)2, -SH, -SR", -S(O)R", -S(O)2R", -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR", -S(O)2N(R")2, -NHS(O)2R", -NR0S(O)2R", -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR", -C(0)N(R")2, -C(0)Rn, -NHC(O)R", -NR"C(0)R", -NHC(O)NH2,
-NR"C(0)NH2, -NR"C(0)NHR", -NHC(O)NHR", -NR"C(0)N(Rn)2> -NHC(O)N(R")2, -CO2H, -CO2R", -NHCO2R", -NR11CO2R", -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR", -N(R")2, -NR"S(0)NH2 and -NR"S (O)2NHR", wherein each R" is independently an unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl; and wherein V is independently selected from the group consisting of -R0, -CN, -CO2R6 and -NO2.
[0013] Each of ring vertices a, b, c and d in formulae Ia and Ib is independently selected from N and C(R3a), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N. The symbol R3a in formulae Ia and Ib is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -ORf, -OC(O)Rf, -NRfRε, -SRf, -Rh, -CN, -NO2, -CO2Rf, -C0NRfRg, -C(O)Rf, -OC(O)NRfRg, -NRgC(0)Rf, -NRgC(O)2Rh, -NRf-C(0)NRfRg, -NH-C(NH2)=NH, -NRhC(NH2)=NH, -NH- C(NH2)=NRh, -NH-C(NHRh)=NH, -C(=NRf)NRgRh, -S(O)3Rf, -S(O)Rh, -S(O)2Rh, -S(O)3Rh, -NRfS(O)2Rh, -S(O)2NRfRg, -NRfS(O)2Rh, -NRfS(O)2NRfRg, -N3, -C(C=NORf)NRfRg, -X3SO3Rf, -X3C(=NRf)NRgRh, -X3ORf, -X3OC(O)Rf, -X3NRfRg, -X3SRf, -X3CN, -X3NO2, - X3CO2Rf, -X3CONRfRg, -X3C(O)Rf, -X3OC(O)NRfRg, -X3NRsC(0)Rf, -X3NRgC(O)2Rh, -X3NRf-C(O)NRfRg, -X3NH-C(NH2)=NH, -X3NRhC(NH2)=NH, -X3NH-C(NH2)=NRh, - X3NH-C(NHRh)=NH, -X3S(O)Rh, -X3S(O)2Rh, -X3NRfS(O)2Rh, -X3S(O)2NRfRg, -Y5 -X3Y, -X3N3, -C(O)NRfS(O)Rh, -P=O(ORf)(ORg), -X3C(O)NRfS(O)2Rh, -X3C(O)NRfS(O)Rh and -X3P=O(ORf)(ORg). The symbol Y is a five to ten-membered aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl ring, optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -ORf, -NRfRg, -Rh, -SRf, -CN5 -NO2, -CO2Rf,
-C0NRfRg, -C(O)Rf, -NRgC(O)Rf 5 -S(O)Rh 5 -S(O)2Rh 5 -NRfS(O)2Rh, -S(O)2NRfRg 5 -X3ORf, - X3NR1R8, -X3NRfS(O)2Rh and -X3S(O)2NRfRg, and wherein each X3 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkylene, C2-4 alkenylene and C2-4 alkynylene; each Rf and Rg is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-d-4 alkyl, and aryloxy-Ci-4 alkyl, or when attached to the same nitrogen atom can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a five or six-membered ring having from O to 2 additional heteroatoms as ring members; and each Rh is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-S alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-Ci-4 alkyl, and aryloxy-Cϊ-4 alkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions of X3, Rf, Rg and Rh are optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH5 -OR0, -OC(O)NHR0, -0C(0)N(R°)2, -SH5 -SR0, -S(O)R0, -S(O)2R0, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR0, -S(O)2N(R°)2, -NHS(O)2R0, -NR0S(O)2R0, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR0, -C(0)N(R°)2, -C(O)R0, -NHC(O)R0, -NR0C(O)R0, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NHR0, -NHC(O)NHR0, -NR°C(0)N(R°)2, -NHC(0)N(R°)2, -CO2H, -CO2R0, -NHCO2R0, -NR0CO2R0, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR0, -N(R°)2, -NR0S(O)NH2 and -NR0S(O)2NHR0, wherein R0 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl.
[0014] In addition to the compounds provided herein, the present invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more of these compounds, as well as methods for the use of these compounds in therapeutic methods, primarily to treat diseases associated with CCRl signaling activity.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0015] NONE
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION I. Abbreviation and Definitions
[0016] The term "alkyl", by itself or as part of another substituent, means, unless otherwise stated, a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon radical, having the number of carbon atoms designated (i.e. C1-S means one to eight carbons). Examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n- octyl, and the like. The term "alkenyl" refers to an unsaturated alkyl group having one or more double bonds. Similarly, the term "alkynyl" refers to an unsaturated alkyl group having one or more triple bonds. Examples of such unsaturated alkyl groups include vinyl, 2- propenyl, crotyl, 2-isoρentenyl, 2-(butadienyl), 2,4-pentadienyl, 3-(l,4-pentadienyl)., ethynyl, 1- and 3-propynyl, 3-butynyl, and the higher homologs and isomers. The term "cycloalkyl" refers to hydrocarbon rings having the indicated number of ring atoms (e.g., C3-6cycloalkyl) and being fully saturated or having no more than one double bond between ring vertices. "Cycloalkyl" is also meant to refer to bicyclic and polycyclic hydrocarbon rings such as, for example, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, etc. The term "heterocycloalkyl" refers to a cycloalkyl group that contain from one to five heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, wherein the nitrogen and sulfur atoms are optionally oxidized, and the nitrogen atom(s) are optionally quaternized. The heterocycloalkyl may be a monocyclic, a bicyclic or a polycylic ring system. Non limiting examples of heterocycloalkyl groups include pyrrolidine, piperidinyl, imidazolidine, pyrazolidine, butyrolactam, valerolactam, imidazolidinone, hydantoin, dioxolane, phthalimide, piperidine, 1,4-dioxane, morpholine, thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine-S-oxide, thiomorpholine-S,S-oxide, piperazine, pyran, pyridone, 3-pyrroline, thiopyran, pyrone, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene, quinuclidine, and the like. A heterocycloalkyl group can be attached to the remainder of the molecule through a ring carbon or a heteroatom.
[0017] The term "alkylene" by itself or as part of another substituent means a divalent radical derived from an alkane, as exemplified by -CH2CH2CH2CH2-. Typically, an alkyl (or alkylene) group will have from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, with those groups having 10 or fewer carbon atoms being preferred in the present invention. A "lower alkyl" or "lower alkylene" is a shorter chain alkyl or alkylene group, generally having four or fewer carbon atoms.
Similarly, "alkenylene" and "alkynylene" refer to the unsaturated forms of "alkylene" having double or triple bonds, respectively.
[0018] The terms "alkoxy," "alkylamino" and "alkylthio" (or thioalkoxy) are used in their conventional sense, and refer to those alkyl groups attached to the remainder of the molecule via an oxygen atom, an amino group, or a sulfur atom, respectively. Additionally, for dialkylamino groups, the alkyl portions can be the same or different and can also be combined to form a 3-7 membered ring with the nitrogen atom to which each is attached. Accordingly, a group represented as -NRaRb is meant to include piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, azetidinyl and the like.
[0019] The terms "halo" or "halogen," by themselves or as part of another substituent, mean, unless otherwise stated, a fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom. Additionally, terms such as "haloalkyl," are meant to include monohaloalkyl and polyhaloalkyl. For example, the term "Cr4 haloalkyl" is mean to include trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 4- chlorobutyl, 3-bromopropyl, and the like.
[0020] The term "aryl" means, unless otherwise stated, a polyunsaturated, typically aromatic, hydrocarbon group which can be a single ring or multiple rings (up to three rings) which are fused together or linked covalently. The term "heteroaryl" refers to aryl groups (or rings) that contain from one to five heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S5 wherein the nitrogen and sulfur atoms are optionally oxidized, and the nitrogen atom(s) are optionally quateraized. A heteroaryl group can be attached to the remainder of the molecule through a heteroatom. Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl and biphenyl, while non-limiting examples of heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimindinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalaziniyl, benzotriazinyl, purinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, isobenzofuryl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl, benzotriazinyl, thienopyridinyl, thienopyrimidinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, imidazopyridines, benzothiaxolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, indolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrazolyl, indazolyl, pteridinyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, furyl, thienyl and the like. Substituents for each of the above noted aryl and heteroaryl ring systems are selected from the group of acceptable substituents described below.
[0021] For brevity, the term "aryl" when used in combination with other terms (e.g. , aryloxy, arylthioxy, arylalkyl) includes both aryl and heteroaryl rings as defined above. Thus, the term "arylalkyl" is meant to include those radicals in which an aryl group is attached to an alkyl group (e.g., benzyl, phenethyl, pyridylmethyl and the like).
[0022] The above terms (e.g., "alkyl," "aryl" and "heteroaryl"), in some embodiments, will include both substituted and unsubstituted forms of the indicated radical. Preferred substituents for each type of radical are provided below. For brevity, the terms aryl and heteroaryl will refer to substituted or unsubstituted versions as provided below, while the term "alkyl" and related aliphatic radicals is meant to refer to unsubstituted version, unless indicated to be substituted.
[0023] Substituents for the alkyl radicals (including those groups often referred to as alkylene, alkenyl, alkynyl and cycloalkyl) can be a variety of groups selected from: -halogen, -OR', -NR'R", -SR', -SiR'R"R'", -OC(O)R', -C(O)R', -CO2R', -CONR'R", -OC(O)NR5R", -NR"C(O)R', -NR'-C(O)NR"R'", -NR"C(O)2R', -NH-C(NH2)=NH, -NR'C(NH2)=NH, -NH- C(NH2)=NR', -S(O)R', -S(O)2R', -S(O)2NR5R", -NR5S(O)2R", -CN and -NO2 in a number ranging from zero to (2 m'+l), where m' is the total number of carbon atoms in such radical. R', R" and R'" each independently refer to hydrogen, unsubstituted C1-S alkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted aryl, aryl substituted with 1-3 halogens, unsubstituted C1-S alkyl, C1-S alkoxy or C1-S thioalkoxy groups, or unsubstituted aryl-Q-4 alkyl groups. When R' and R" are attached to the same nitrogen atom, they can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a 3-, A-, 5-, 6~, or 7-membered ring. For example, -NR'R" is meant to include 1- pyrrolidinyl and 4-morpholinyl.
[0024] Similarly, substituents for the aryl and heteroaryl groups are varied and are generally selected from: -halogen, -OR', -OC(O)R', -NR'R", -SR', -R', -CN, -NO2, -CO2R', -CONR'R", -C(O)R', -OC(O)NR5R", -NR"C(O)R\ -NR55C(O)2R', -NR'-C(0)NR"R'", -NH-C(NH2)=NH, -NR'C(NH2)=NH, -NH-C(NH2)=NR5, -S(O)R', -S(O)2R', -S(O)2NR5R", -NR5S(O)2R", -N3, perfmoroζQ -C4)alkoxy, and perfluoro(Ci-C4)alkyl, in a number ranging from zero to the total number of open valences on the aromatic ring system; and where R', R5' and R'" are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-S alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-S alkynyl, unsubstituted aryl and heteroaryl, (unsubstituted 8TyI)-Cr4 alkyl, and unsubstituted aryloxy-Cj-4 alkyl. Other suitable substituents include each of the above aryl substituents attached to a ring atom by an alkylene tether of from 1-4 carbon atoms.
[0025] Two of the substituents on adjacent atoms of the aryl or heteroaryl ring may optionally be replaced with a substituent of the formula -T-C(O)-(CH2)q-U-, wherein T and U are independently -NH-, -O-, -CH2- or a single bond, and q is an integer of from O to 2. Alternatively, two of the substituents on adjacent atoms of the aryl or heteroaryl ring may optionally be replaced with a substituent of the formula -A-(CH2)r-B-, wherein A and B are independently -CH2-, -O-, -NH-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -S(O)2NR'- or a single bond, and r is an integer of from 1 to 3. One of the single bonds of the new ring so formed may optionally be replaced with a double bond. Alternatively, two of the substituents on adjacent atoms of the aryl or heteroaryl ring may optionally be replaced with a substituent of the formula ~(CH2)S- X-(CH2)r, where s and t are independently integers of from O to 3, and X is -0-, -NR'-, -S-, - S(O)-, -S(O)2-, or -S(O)2NR'-. The substituent R' in -NR'- and -S(O)2NR'- is selected from hydrogen or unsubstituted Q~6 alkyl.
[0026] As used herein, the term "heteroatom" is meant to include oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and silicon (Si).
[0027] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" is meant to include salts of the active compounds which are prepared with relatively nontoxic acids or bases, depending on the particular substituents found on the compounds described herein. When compounds of the present invention contain relatively acidic functionalities, base addition salts can be obtained by contacting the neutral form of such compounds with a sufficient amount of the desired base, either neat or in a suitable inert solvent. Examples of salts derived from pharmaceutically-acceptable inorganic bases include aluminum, ammonium, calcium, copper, ferric, ferrous, lithium, magnesium, manganic, manganous, potassium, sodium, zinc and the like. Salts derived from pharmaceutically-acceptable organic bases include salts of primary, secondary and tertiary amines, including substituted amines, cyclic amines, naturally- occuring amines and the like, such as arginine, betaine, caffeine, choline, N,N'- dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine, hydrabamine, isopropylamine, lysine, methylglucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperadine, polyamine resins, procaine, purines, theobromine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, tromethamine and the like. When compounds of the present invention contain relatively basic functionalities, acid addition salts can be obtained by contacting the neutral form of such compounds with a sufficient amount of the desired acid, either neat or in a suitable inert solvent. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include those derived from inorganic acids like hydrochloric, hydrobromic, nitric, carbonic, monohydrogencarbonic, phosphoric, monohydrogenphosphoric, dihydrogenphosphoric, sulfuric, monohydrogensulfuric, hydriodic, or phosphorous acids and the like, as well as the salts derived from relatively nontoxic organic acids like acetic, propionic, isobutyric, malonic, benzoic, succinic, suberic, fumaric, mandelic, phthalic, benzenesulfonic, p-tolylsulfonic, citric, tartaric, methanesulfonic, and the like. Also included are salts of amino acids such as arginate and the like, and salts of organic acids like glucuronic or galactunoric acids and the like (see, for example, Berge, S.M., et al, "Pharmaceutical Salts", Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 1977, 66, 1-19). Certain specific compounds of the present invention contain both basic and acidic functionalities that allow the compounds to be converted into either base or acid addition salts.
[0028] The neutral forms of the compounds may be regenerated by contacting the salt with a base or acid and isolating the parent compound in the conventional manner. The parent form of the compound differs from the various salt forms in certain physical properties, such as solubility in polar solvents, but otherwise the salts are equivalent to the parent form of the compound for the purposes of the present invention.
[0029] In addition to salt forms, the present invention provides compounds which are in a prodrug form. Prodrugs of the compounds described herein are those compounds that readily undergo chemical changes under physiological conditions to provide the compounds of the present invention. Additionally, prodrugs can be converted to the compounds of the present invention by chemical or biochemical methods in an ex vivo environment. For example, prodrugs can be slowly converted to the compounds of the present invention when placed in a transdermal patch reservoir with a suitable enzyme or chemical reagent.
[0030] Certain compounds of the present invention can exist in unsolvated forms as well as solvated forms, including hydrated forms. In general, the solvated forms are equivalent to unsolvated forms and are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present invention. Certain compounds of the present invention may exist in multiple crystalline or amorphous forms. In general, all physical forms are equivalent for the uses contemplated by the present invention and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
[0031] Certain compounds of the present invention possess asymmetric carbon atoms (optical centers) or double bonds; the racemates, diastereomers, geometric isomers, regioisomers and individual isomers (e.g., separate enantiomers) are all intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present invention. The compounds of the present invention may also contain unnatural proportions of atomic isotopes at one or more of the atoms that constitute such compounds. For example, the compounds may be radiolabeled with radioactive isotopes, such as for example tritium (3H), iodine-125 (125I) or carbon-14 (14C). All isotopic variations of the compounds of the present invention, whether radioactive or not, are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present invention.
II. General
[0032] The present invention derives from the discovery that compounds of formula Ia or Ib (as well as the subgeneric formulae Ia1"4 and Ib1"4) act as potent antagonists of the CCRl receptor. The compounds have in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Accordingly, the compounds provided herein are useful in pharmaceutical compositions, methods for the treatment of CCRl -mediated diseases, and as controls in assays for the identification of competitive CCRl antagonists.
III. Compounds
[0033] In one aspect, the present invention provides compounds having a formula selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000013_0001
Ia Ib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or N-oxide thereof. In the formulae above, the subscript m is an integer of from 0 to 4. In certain embodiments, in formulae Ia and Ib the subscript m is an integer from 0 to 2. In yet another embodiment, the subscript m in formulae Ia and Ib is an integer of from 0 to 1.
[0034] The symbol R1 in formulae Ia and Ib is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of Ci-8 alkyl, d-shaloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, -CO2R8, -S(O)3Ra, -X1CO2R8, -X1SO2R3, -X1S(O)3R3, -X1OR3, -CORa, -CONRaRb, -X1NR3R*3, -X1NR3COR15, -X1CONR3R13, X'S(O)2NRaRb, XlS(O)2Ra, -ORa, -NRaRb, -NRaCORb, -CONRaRb, .
-NRaS(0)2Rb, -S(O)2NR3R13, -S(O)2Ra, -X1COR3, X^ONR^, and -X1NR3S(O)2R13. The symbol X1 is C1-4 alkylene and each Ra and Rb substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, C1-8haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl, or optionally Ra and Rb when attached to the same nitrogen atom are combined to form a 3- to 7-membered ring having from 0-2 additional heteroatoms as ring members; and wherein the aliphatic portions of each of said R1 substituents is optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -0Rm, -OC(O)NHR"1, -OC(O)N(Rm)2, -SH, -SRm, -S(O)Rm, -S(O)2R"1, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR"1, -S(O)2N(Rm)2, -NHS(O)2R"1, -NRmS(O)2Rm, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR"1, -C(O)N(Rm)2, -C(0)Rm, -NHC(O)R"1, -NRmC(0)Rm, -NHC(O)NH2, -NRmC(0)NH2, -NRmC(O)NHRm, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -NHC(=NRm)NH2,
-NRmC(=NRm)N(Rm)2, -NRmC(=NRm)NH(Rm), -NHC(=NRm)NH(Rm), -NHC(=NRm)N(Rm)2, -NHC(=NH)N(Rm)2, -NHC(=NH)NH(Rm), -C(=NH)NH2, -C(=NRm)NH2, -C(=NRm)N(Rm)2, -C(=NRm)NH(Rm), -NHC(O)NHR"1, -NRmC(O)N(Rm)2, -NHC(0)N(Rm)2, -CO2H, -CO2R"1, -NHCO2R"1, -NR111CO2R"1, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHRm, -N(Rm)2, -NR111S(O)NH2 and -NRmS(0)2NHRm, wherein each Rm is independently an unsubstituted Cw alkyl.
[0035] In another embodiment, R1 in formulae Ia and Ib is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting OfC1-8 alkyl, C1-8haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, -CO2R3, -X1CO2R3, -X1SO2R3 and -X1OR3, wherein the aliphatic portions of each of said R1 substituents is optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR"1, -OC(O)NHR"1, -0C(0)N(Rm)2, -SH, -SRm, -S(O)R"1, -S(O)2R"1, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR"1, -S(O)2N(Rm)2, -NHS(O)2R"1, -NRmS(O)2Rm, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHRm, -C(O)N(Rm)2, -C(O)Rm, -NHC(O)R"1, -NRmC(O)Rm, -NHC(O)NH2, -NRmC(O)NH2, -NRmC(O)NHRm, -NHC(0)NHRm, -NRmC(O)N(Rm)2, -NHC(0)N(Rra)2, -CO2H, -CO2R"1, -NHCO2R1", -NRmC02Rm, -CN5 -NO2, -NH2, -NHRm, -N(Rffi)2, -NRmS(0)NH2 and -NRmS(0)2NHRm, wherein each Rm is independently an unsubstituted C1- 6 alkyl.
[0036] In another embodiment, R1 in formulae Ia and Ib is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting OfC1-S alkyl,
Figure imgf000014_0001
and C3-6 cycloalkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions of each of said R1 substituents is optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -ORm, -OC(O)NHR"1,
-OC(O)N(Rm)2, -SH, -SRra, -S(O)Rm, -S(O)2R"1, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR111, -S(O)2N(Rm)2, -NHS(O)2R"1, -NR111S(O)2R"1, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR"1, -C(O)N(Rm)2, -C(O)R"1, -NHC(O)R1", -NRmC(O)Rm, -NHC(O)NH2, -NRmC(0)NH2, -NRmC(0)NHRm 5 -NHC(O)NHR111, -NRmC(0)N(Rm)2, -NHC(0)N(Rm)2, -CO2H, -CO2R111, -NHCO2Rm, -NRmCO2Rm, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR"1, -N(Rm)2, -NR111S(O)NH2 and -NRmS(O)2NHRm, wherein each Rm is independently an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl.
[0037] In one embodiment of the invention, R1 in formulae Ia and Ib5 if present, is selected from the group consisting of -CO2H or C1-4 alkyl, optionally substituted with -OH, -ORm, -S(O)2R"1, -CO2H and -CO2Rm. In another embodiment of the invention, R1 is methyl; and m is 0-2.
[0038] The symbols R2a, R2c and R2d in formulae Ia and Ib are each substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, aryl, heteroaryl, -NO2, -CO2RC, -CONRGRd, -C(O)R0, -S(O)R6, -S(O)2R6, -S(O)3R0, -Re, -C(NORc)Rd, -C(NR0V)=NV, -N(V)C(R°)=NV, -X2C(N0R°)Rd, -X2C(NR0V)=NV5 -X2N(V)C(RC)=NV, -X2NR°Rd, -X2SR0, -X2CN, -X2NO2, -X2CO2R0, -X2CONR°Rd, -X2C(O)R0, -X20C(0)NR°Rd, -X2NRdC(O)R°, -X2NRdC(O)2Re, -X2NR°C(O)NR°Rd, -X2NH-C(NH2)^NH5 -X2NReC(NH2)=NH, -X2NH-C(NH2)=NRe, -X^H-CCNHR^NH, - X2S(O)R6, -X2S(O)2R6, -X2NR0S(O)2R6, -X2S(O)2NR°Rd, -X2N3, -OR0, -SR0, -NRdC(0)R°, - NRdC(0)2Re, -X2S(O)3R0, -S(O)2NR°Rd, -X2OR0, -0-X2OR0, -X2NR°Rd, -O-X2NR°Rd, -NRd-X2CO2R°, -NRc-C(O)NR°Rd, -NH-C(NH2)=NH, -NReC(NH2)=NH, -NH-C(NH2)=NRe 5 -NH-COIHR^^NH, -NReC(NHRe)=NH, -NRβC(NH2)=NRe, -NH-C(NHRe)=NRe, -NH- C(NR0R0J=NH, NR0S(O)2R6, -NRcC(S)NRcRd, -X2NR°C(S)NR°Rd, -X2OC(O)R0, -O- X2CONR0R0, -OC(O)R0, -NR°Rd 5 -NRd-X2OR° and -NRd-X2NR°Rd.
[0039] In one embodiment, the symbol R2a in formulae Ia and Ib is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, heteroaryl, -NO2, -CO2R0, -CONR°Rd, -C(O)R0, -S(O)R6, -S(O)2R0, -Re, -C(NOR°)Rd, -C(NR0V)=NV, -N(V)C(RC)=NV, -X2C(NOR°)Rd, -X2C(NR0V)=NV, -X2N(V)C(R°)=NV, -X2NR°Rd, -X2SR0, -X2CN, -X2NO2, -X2CO2R0, -X2CONRcRd, -X2C(O)R0, -X2OC(O)NR°Rd, -X2NRdC(0)R°, -X2NRdC(O)2Rβ, -X2NR°C(O)NRcRd, -X2NH-C(NH2)=NH, -X2NReC(NH2)=NH, -X2NH-C(NH2)=NRe, -X2NH-C(NHR6)=NH, -X2S(O)R6, -X2S(O)2R6, -X2NR0S(O)2R6, -X2S(O)2NR°Rd and -X2N3.
[0040] In another embodiment, the R2a substitutent in formulae Ia and Ib is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, I, -CO2R0, -CONR°Rd, -CN, a 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl, -X2NR°Rd, -C(NOR°)Rd. In yet another embodiment, R2a is hydrogen. In yet another embodiment, the R2a substitutent in formulae Ia and Ib is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, -CO2Me, -CONH2, CN, oxazolyl, -CH2NH2, -CH2NHMe, -CH2NMe2 and -CH=N-OH. In yet another embodiment, in compounds having formulae Ia and Ib, the R2a substituent is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, F, Cl, Br and I.
[0041] hi another embodiment, the symbols R2c and R2d in formulae Ia and Ib are each substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -OR0, -SR0, -OC(O)R0, -NR°Rd, -Re, -CN, -NO2, -CO2R0, -C(O)R0, -NRdC(O)R°, -NRdC(O)2Re, -S(O)2R6, -S(O)2NR°Rd, -X2OR0, -0-X2OR0, -X2NR°Rd, -0-X2NR°Rd and -NRd-X2CO2R°. In certain aspects of this embodiment, R2c and R2d are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, F, Cl, Br, I and OR0.
[0042] Within each of R2a, R2c and R2d, X2 is CM alkylene and each R0 and Rd is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, Ci-8haloalkyl, and C3-6 cycloalkyl. Optionally, R° and Rd when attached to the same nitrogen atom can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a five or six-membered ring having from O to 2 additional heteroatoms as ring members. The symbol Re is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and each of R°, Rd and Re is optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -0Rn, -OC(O)NHR11, -OC(O)N(Rn)2, -SH, -SRn, -S(O)Rn, -S(O)2R", -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHRn, -S(O)2N(Rn)2, -NHS(O)2R", -NRnS(O)2Rn, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR", -C(O)N(Rn)2, -C(O)Rn, -NHC(O)R", -NRnC(O)Rn, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR11C(O)NH2, -NRnC(O)NHRn, -NHC(O)NHR", -NRnC(O)N(Rn)2, -NHC(O)N(Rn)2, -CO2H, -CO2R", -NHCO2R11, -NR11CO2R", -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR", -N(R")2, -NR"S(0)NH2 and -NR11S(O)2NHR", wherein each R" is independently an unsubstituted Cj-6 alkyl; and wherein V is independently selected from the group consisting of -R0, -CN, -CO2R6 and -NO2. ■ "■
[0043] In a certain embodiment of a compound having formulae Ia and Ib, the subscript m is O or 1; and the symbol R2a is hydrogen. In another embodiment, the subscript m is 0-1; and R2a is F or Cl.
[0044] In another embodiment of the invention, R2c in formulae Ia and Ib is selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -NO2, -CO2R0, -COR0, -S(O)2Re. In another embodiments of the invention, the symbol R2c is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, -CO2CH3, -C(O)CH3 and -S(O)2CH3.
[0045] In yet another embodiment of the invention, the symbol R2d in formulae Ia and Ib is selected from the group consisting of -SR0, -O-X2-OR°, -X2-OR°, -OC(O)R0, -NR°Rd, -Re and -OR0. In another embodiment, R2d is selected from the group consisting of -SMe, -OCH2OMe, -CH2OMe, -CH2OEt, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and ethoxy.
[0046] In formulae Ia and Ib, each of the ring vertices a, b, c and d is independently selected from N and C(R3a), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N. In one embodiment of the invention, the fused six membered ring having vertices a, b, c and d is a fused pyridine ring or a fused pyrimidine ring. In yet another embodiment of the invention, the fused six membered ring having vertices a, b, c and d is a fused pyrazine ring. In yet another embodiment of the invention, the fused six membered ring having vertices a, b, c and d is a fused pyridazine ring.
[0047] Turning to the R3a substituent in formulae Ia and Ib, at each occurence, the symbol R3a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -0Rf,
-OC(O)Rf, -NRfRg, -SRf, -Rh, -CN, -NO2, -CO2Rf, -C0NRfRg, -C(O)Rf, -OC(O)NRfRg, - NRgC(O)Rf, -NRgC(O)2Rh, -NRf-C(O)NRfRg, -NH-C(NH2)^NH, -NRhC(NH2)=NH, -NH- C(NH2)=NRh, -NH-C(NHRh)=NH, -C(=NRf)NRgRh, -S(O)3Rf, -S(O)Rh, -S(O)2R11, -S(O)3Rh, -NRfS(O)2Rh, -S(O)2NRfRg, -NRfS(O)2Rh 5 -NRfS(O)2NRfRg, -N3, -C(C=NORf)NRfRg, -X3SO3Rf, -X3C(=NRf)NRgRh, -X30Rf, -X3OC(O)Rf, -X3NRfRg, -X3SRf, -X3CN, -X3NO2, - X3CO2Rf, -X3CONRfRε, -X3C(O)Rf, -X30C(0)NRfRg, -X3NRgC(O)Rf, -X3NRgC(O)2Rh, -X3NRf-C(O)NRfRg, -X3NH-C(NH2)=NH, -X3NRhC(NH2)=NH, -X3NH-C(NH2)=NRh, - X3NH-C(NHRh)=NH, _χ3S(O)Rh, -X3S(O)2R11, -X3NRfS(O)2Rh, -X3S(O)2NRfRg, -Y5 -X3Y, -X3N3, -C(O)NRfS(O)Rh, -P=O(OR^(OR6), -X3C(O)NRfS(O)2Rh, -X3C(O)NRfS(O)Rh and -X3P=O(ORf)(ORg). The symbol Y is a five to ten-membered aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl ring, optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -0Rf, -NRfRs, -Rh, -SRf, -CN, -NO2, -CO2Rf,
-C0NRfRg, -C(O)Rf, -NRgC(O)Rf, -S(O)Rh, -S(O)2Rh, -NRfS(O)2Rh, -S(O)2NRfRg, -X30Rf, - X3NRfRg, -X3NRfS(O)2Rh and -X3S(O)2NRfRg, and wherein each X3 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkylene, C2-4 alkenylene and C2-4 alkynylene; each Rf and Rg is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-S alkyl, C1-8haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-S alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-Q-4 alkyl, and aryloxy-Cj-4 alkyl, or when attached to the same nitrogen atom can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a five or six-membered ring having from O to 2 additional heteroatoms as ring members; and each Rh is independently selected from the group consisting Of C1-S alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-Ci-4 alkyl, and aryloxy-Q-4 alkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions of X3, Rf, Rg and Rh are optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR0, -OC(O)NHR0, -OC(O)N(R°)2, -SH, -SR0, -S(O)R0, -S(O)2R0, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR0, -S(O)2N(R°)2, -NHS(O)2R0, -NR0S(O)2R0, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR0, -C(O)N(R°)2, -C(O)R0, -NHC(O)R0, -NR0C(O)R0, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NHR0, -NHC(O)NHR0, -NR°C(O)N(R°)2, -NHC(O)N(R°)2, -CO2H, -CO2R0, -NHCO2R0, -NR0CO2R0, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR0, -N(R°)2, -NR0S(O)NH2 and -NR0S(O)2NHR0, wherein R0 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl.
[0048] In one embodiment of formulae Ia and Ib, the symbol R3a, at each occurence, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -ORf, -OC(O)Rf, - NRfRg, -SRf, -Rh, -CN, -NO2, -CO2Rf, -C0NRfRg, -C(O)Rf, -OC(O)NRfRg, -NRgC(O)Rf, - NRgC(0)2Rh, -NRf-C(0)NRfRg, -S(O)Rh, -S(O)2Rh, -NRfS(O)2Rh, -S(O)2NRfRg, -NRfS(0)2NRfRg, -X3ORf, -X3NRfRg, -X3SRf, -X3CN, -X3CO2Rf, -X3CONRfRg, -X3C(0)Rf, - X3NRgC(O)Rf, -X3NRgC(O)2Rh, -Y , -X3Y and -X3N3. The symbol Y is a five or six- membered aryl, a five or six membered heteroaryl, or a three to eight membered heterocycloalkyl ring, optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -0Rf, -NRfRg, -Rh, -SRf, -CN, -NO2, -CO2Rf, -C0NRfRg, -C(O)Rf, -NRgC(0)Rf, -S(O)Rh, -S(O)2Rh, -NRfS(O)2Rh and -S(O)2NRfRg. X3 is independently C1-4 alkylene. The symbols Rf and Rg are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, C1-8haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl, and each Rh is independently selected from the group consisting OfCi-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl. The aliphatic portions of X3, Rf, Rg and Rh is optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR0, -OC(O)NHR0, -OC(O)N(R°)2, -SH, -SR0, -S(O)R0, -S(O)2R0, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR0, -S(O)2N(R°)2, -NHS(O)2R0, -NR0S(O)2R0, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR0, -C(0)N(R°)2, -C(O)R0, -NHC(O)R0, -NR0C(O)R0, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NHR0, -NHC(O)NHR0, -NR0C(O)N(R0K -NHC(0)N(R°)2, -CO2H, -CO2R0, -NHCO2R0, -NR0CO2R0, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR0, -N(R°)2, -NR0S(O)NH2 and -NR0S(O)2NHR0, wherein each R0 is independently an unsubstituted Cj-6 alkyl.
[0049] In another embodiment of the invention, the symbol R3a of formulae Ia and Ib is a member independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -0Rf, - NRfRg, -Rh, -CN, and -Y, wherein Y is a five to six-membered aryl ring, a five to six- membered heteroaryl ring, or a three to eight-membered heterocycloalkyl ring selected from the group consisting of homopiperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, azetidinyl, pyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperazinyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl and thiazolyl, optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -0Rf, -NRfRg, -Rh, -CN, wherein each Rf and Rg is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl, and each Rh is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions of R , Rg and R are optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of . -OH, -OR0, -OC(O)NHR0, -OC(O)N(R°)2, -SH, -SR0, -S(O)R0, -S(O)2R0, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR0, -S(O)2N(R°)2, -NHS(O)2R0, -NR0S(O)2R0, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR0, -C(0)N(R°)2, -C(O)R0, -NHC(O)R0, -NR0C(O)R0, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NHR0, -NHC(O)NHR0, -NR°C(0)N(R°)2, -NHC(0)N(R°)2, -CO2H, -CO2R0, -NHCO2R0, -NR0CO2R0, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR0, -N(R°)2, -NR0S(O)NH2 and -NR0S(O)2NHR0, wherein R0 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl.
[0050] In another embodiment of the invention, the R3a groups in formulae Ia and Ib is selected from the group consisting of -Y and -X3 -Y, wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of homopiperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, azetidinyl, pyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperazinyl, phenyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrrolyl, pyridizinyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl and oxadiazolyl, which is optionally substituted with from one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -ORf, -NRfRg, -CORf, -CO2Rf, -CONRfRg, -NO2, -Rh and -CN5 wherein Rf and Rg are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-8 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl and ■Ci-8 haloalkyl, and each Rh is independently selected from the group consisting of Q-g alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl and Ci-8 haloalkyl. In certain embodiments of the invention, the symbol Y is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridyl, oxazolyl, pyrimidinyl, oxadiazolyl, and thiazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -ORf, -NRfRg, -CORf, -CO2Rf , -CONRfRε, -NO2, -Rh and -CN, wherein Rf and Rg are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-8 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl and Q-8 haloalkyl, and each Rh is independently selected from the group consisting OfC1-8 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl and Ci-8 haloalkyl. Within this embodiment, in certain aspects of the invention, m is an integer from 0-2. In other aspect, m is an integer from 0-1.
[0051] In yet another embodiment of the invention, the R3a substituent in formulae Ia and Ib is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1-4 alkyl and C1-4 haloalkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions are optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR0, -OC(O)NHR0, -OC(O)N(R°)2, -SH, -SR0, -S(O)R0, -S(O)2R0, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR0, -S(O)2N(R0J2, -NHS(O)2R0, -NR0S(O)2R0, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR0, -C(O)N(R°)2, -C(O)R0, -NHC(O)R0, -NR0C(O)R0, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NHR0, -NHC(O)NHR0, -NR°C(0)N(R°)2, -NHC(O)N(R°)2,
-CO2H, -CO2R0, -NHCO2R0, -NR0CO2R0, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR0, -N(R°)2, -NR0S(O)NH2 and -NR0S(O)2NHR0, wherein each R0 is independently an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain instances of this embodiment, m is O or 1; R2a is preferably hydrogen; and additionally in other instances, R2c is preferably selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, -CO2CH3, -C(O)CH3 and -S(O)2CH3.
[0052] In yet another embodiment, the R3a substituent in formulae Ia and Ib is halogen, C1-4 alkyl or C1-4 haloalkyl.
[0053] In yet another embodiment, the R3a moiety on the pyrazole ring in formulae Ia and Ib is hydrogen, halogen, chloro, fluoro, bromo, oxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, C1-8 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl or Ci-8 haloalkyl or cyano.
[0054] hi a certain embodiment of the invention, in the compounds having formulae Ia and Ib, R3a is a member independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -ORf, ~NRfRs, -C(O)Rf, -C(O)ORf, -S(O)Rf, -S(O)2Rf, -S(O)3Rf, -S(O)3R11, -X3C(O)2Rf, X3S(O)3Rf, -S(O)2NRfRε, -X3S(O)2NRfR8, -Rh, -CN, X3NRfRg, NRgC(O)Rf, X3N3 and Y. The symbol Y is a five to six-membered aryl, a five or six-membered heteroaryl ring or a three to eight-membered heterocycloalkyl ring selected from the group consisting of homopiperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, azetidinyl, pyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperazinzyl, phenyl, pyridyl, oxazolyl, pyrimidinyl, oxadiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl and thiazolyl, optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -ORf, -NRfRs, -Rh, -CN. Each Rf and Rg is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl, and each Rh is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl, Ci-6 haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions of Rf, Rg and Rh are optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR0, -OC(O)NHR0, -OC(O)N(R°)2, -SH, -SR0, -S(O)R0, -S(O)2R0, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR0, -S(O)2N(R°)2j -NHS(O)2R0, -NR0S(O)2R0, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR0, -C(0)N(R°)2, -C(O)R0, -NHC(O)R0, -NR0C(O)R0, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NHR0, -NHC(O)NHR0, -NR0C(O)N(R0K -NHC(0)N(R°)2, -CO2H, -CO2R0, -NHCO2R0, -NR0CO2R0, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR0, -N(R°)2, -NR0S(O)NH2 and -NR0S(O)2NHR0, wherein R0 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl.
[0055] In a certain embodiment of the invention, in the compounds having formulae Ia and Ib, R3a is a member independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -ORf, -NRfRg, -C(O)Rf, -C(O)ORf, -S(O)Rf, -S(O)2Rf, -S(0)2NRfRε, -Rh, -CN, X3NRfRε, NRgC(O)Rf, X3N3 and -Y, wherein Y is a five to six-membered aryl, a five or six-membered heteroaryl ring or a three to eight-membered heterocycloalkyl ring selected from the group consisting of homopiperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, azetidinyl, pyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperazinzyl, phenyl, pyridyl, oxazolyl, pyrimidinyl, oxadiazolyl and thiazolyl, optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -0Rf, -NRfRs, -Rh, -CN, wherein each Rf and Rε is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl, and each Rh is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions of Rf, Rs and Rh are optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR0, -OC(O)NHR0, -0C(0)N(R°)2, -SH, -SR0, -S(O)R0, -S(O)2R0, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR0, -S(O)2N(R°)2, -NHS(O)2R0, -NR0S(O)2R0, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR0, -C(O)N(R°)2, -C(O)R0, -NHC(O)R0, -NR0C(O)R0, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NHR0, -NHC(O)NHR0, -NR°C(O)N(R°)2, -NHC(0)N(R°)2, -CO2H, -CO2R0, -NHCO2R0, -NR0CO2R0, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR0, -N(R°)2, -NR0S(O)NH2 and -NR0S(O)2NHR0, wherein R0 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. The subcript m maybe from O to 2; or alternatively from 0-1.
[0056] In another embodiment of the invention, in the compounds having formulae Ia or Ib, the symbol R3a moiety on the pyrazole ring is hydrogen, halogen, chloro, fluoro, bromo, oxazolyl, ρyridyl,oxadiazolyl thiazolyl, ~Rh or cyano; and optionally the symbol R1, when present, is selected from the group consisting Of -CO2H or C1-4 alkyl, optionally substituted with -OH, -ORm, -S(O)2R"1, -CO2H and -CO2R1". In yet another embodiment, R1, when present, is hydrogen or Ci-6 alkyl. m is an integer from 0-2.
[0057] In another embodiment of the invention, in compounds of formulae Ia and Ib, the R3a substituted is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -ORf, NRfRg, -Rh, -Y, -CN, X3N3, -SO2Rh, X3NRfRg, X3Y, -S(O)3Rf, -C(C=NORf)NRfR8, -NO2, and -NRgC(O)Rf, wherein Y is an optionally substituted group selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxadiazolyl and morpholinyl, and Rh is an optionally substituted group selected from the group consisting OfC1-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl and C3-8 cycloalkyl, and R and Rg are each independently an optionally substituted group selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Ci-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl and C3-8 cycloalkyl. In certain aspects of this embodiment, the R3a substituent is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, amino, -CH3, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, morpholinyl, oxdiazolyl, -NHC(O)CH3, -CN, CH2N3, CH2SO3H, NO2, -(C=NOH)NH2, -S(O)2CH3 and CH2NH2.
[0058] In yet another embodiment of the invention, in the compounds having formulae Ia or Ib, the subscript m is O or 1 ; R2a is hydrogen, halogen or -CN ; R2G is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, -CO2CH3, -C(O)CH3 and -S(O)2CH3; R2d is selected from the group consisting of -SRC, -0-X2-0R°, -X2-OR°, -Re and -OR0; and R3a substituents is selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-4 alkyl and C1-4 haloalkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions of R3a are optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR0, -OC(O)NHR0, -OC(O)N(R°)2, -SH, -SR0, -S(O)R0, -S(O)2R0, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR0, -S(O)2N(R°)2, -NHS(O)2R0, -NR0S(O)2R0, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR0, -C(O)N(R°)2, -C(O)R0, -NHC(O)R0, -NR0C(O)R0, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NHR0, -NHC(O)NHR0, -NR°C(0)N(R°)2, -NHC(0)N(R°)2, -CO2H, -CO2R0, -NHCO2R0, -NR0CO2R0, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR0, -N(R°)2, -NR0S(O)NH2 and -NR0S(O)2NHR0, wherein each R0 is independently an unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl.
[0059] In one preferred embodiment, in the compounds of the invention having the formula Ib, when R2a is H, R2c is chloro, R2d is methoxy, m is O, a is N, c is N, and b and d are CH, then R3a is other than hydrogen, methyl, unsubstituted 2-pyridyl, unsubstituted 2-pyrimidinyl or unsubstituted 2-oxazolyl.
[0060] In one specific embodiment, the present invention provides compounds having formula Ia and Ib wherein the subscript m is an integer of from O to 4. The symbol R1 is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of C1-8 alkyl, C1^ haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, -CO2R3, -X1CO2R8, -X1SO2R8 and -X1OR3, -CORa, -CONRaRb, -X'NRaRb,
-X1NR8COR13, -X1CONR3R0, X1S(O)2NR^ and X1S(O)2R3, wherein X1 is Ci-4 alkylene and each Ra and Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Ci-S alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl; and wherein the aliphatic portions of each of said R1 substituents is optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -ORm, -OC(O)NHR"1, -OC(O)N(Rm)2, -SH, -SRm, -S(O)R"1, -S(O)2Rm, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR"1, -S(O)2N(Rm)2, -NHS(O)2R1", -NRmS(O)2Rm, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR"1, -C(O)N(Rm)2, -C(O)Rm, -NHC(O)R"1, -NRmC(O)Rm, -NHC(O)NH2, -NRmC(0)NH2, -NRmC(0)NHRm, -NHC(O)NHR"1, -NRmC(0)N(Rm)2, -NHC(0)N(Rm)2, -CO2H, -CO2R"1, -NHCO2R111, -NRmC02Rm, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHRm, -N(Rm)2, -NR111S(O)NH2 and -NRmS(O)2NHRm, wherein each Rm is independently an unsubstituted C1. 6 alkyl. The symbols R2a, R2c and R2d are each substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, heteroaryl, -NO2, -CO2R0, -C0NR°Rd, -C(O)R0, -S(O)Re, -S(O)2R6, -Re, -C(N0Rc)Rd, -C(NR0V)=NV, -N(V)C(RC)=NV, -X2C(N0Rc)Rd, -X2C(NR0V)=NV, -X2N(V)C(R°)=NV, -X2NRcRd, -X2SR0, -X2CN, -X2NO2, -X2CO2R0, -X2CONRcRd, -X2C(O)R0, -X20C(0)NR°Rd, -X2NRdC(O)R°, -X2NRdC(O)2Re, -X2NR°C(O)NRcRd, -X2NH-C(NH2)=NH, -X2NReC(NH2)=NH, -X2NH-C(NH2)=NRe, -X2NH-C(NHRe)=NH, -X2S(O)R6, -X2S(O)2R6, -X2NR0S(O)2R6, -X2S(O)2NR°Rd, -X2N3, -OR0, -SRC, -NRdC(0)Rc, -NRdC(O)2R6, -S(O)2R6, -S(O)2NR°Rd, -X2OR0, -0-X2OR0, - X2NR°Rd, -0-X2NR°Rd and -NRd-X2CO2R°. Within each of R2a, R20 and R2d, X2 is C1-4 alkylene and each R° and Rd is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, and C3-6 cycloalkyl. Optionally, R° and Rd when attached to the same nitrogen atom can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a five or six-membered ring having from O to 2 additional heteroatoms as ring members. The symbol Re is independently selected from the group consisting OfC1-S alkyl, Ci-8haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-S alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and each of Rc, Rd and Rβ is optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR", -OC(O)NHR", -OC(O)N(Rn)2, -SH, -SR", -S(O)R", -S(O)2R", -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR", -S(O)2N(Rn)2, -NHS(O)2R", -NR"S(O)2Rn, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR", -C(0)N(Rn)2, -C(O)R", -NHC(O)R", -NR11C(O)R", -NHC(O)NH2, -NR"C(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NHR", -NHC(O)NHR", -NR"C(0)N(R")2, -NHC(0)N(Rn)2, -CO2H, -CO2R", -NHCO2R", -NR11CO2R", -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR", -N(Rn)2, -NR11S(O)NH2 and -NR"S(O)2NHRn, wherein each R" is independently an unsubstituted Cj-6 alkyl; and wherein V is independently selected from the group consisting of -Rc, -CN, -CO2R6 and -NO2. Each of ring vertices a, b, c and d in formulae Ia and Ib is independently selected from N and C(R3a), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N. The symbol R3a in formulae Ia and Ib is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -0Rf, -OC(O)Rf, -NRfRg, -SRf, -Rh, -CN, -NO2, - C02Rf, -CONRfRg, -C(O)Rf, -OC(O)NRfR8, -NRgC(O)Rf, -NRgC(0)2Rh, -NRf-C(O)NRfRε, -NH-C(NH2)=NH, -NRhC(NH2)=NH, -NH-C(NH2)=NRh, -NH-C(NHRh)=NH, -S(O)Rh, - S(O)2Rh, -NRfS(O)2Rh, -S(O)2NRfRg, -NRfS(O)2Rh, -NRfS(O)2NRfRg, -N3, -X30Rf, -X3OC(O)Rf, -X3NRfRe, -X3SRf, -X3CN, -X3NO2, -X3CO2Rf, -X3CONRfRε, -X3C(O)Rf, -X3OC(O)NRfRg, -X3NRgC(O)Rf, -X3NRgC(O)2Rh, -X3NRf-C(O)NRfRg, -X3NH-C(NH2)=NH, -X3NRhC(NH2)=NH, -X3NH-C(NH2)=NRh, -X3NH-C(NHRh)=NH, - X3S(O)Rh, -X3S(O)2Rh, -X3NRfS(O)2Rh, -X3S(O)2NRfRε, -Y, -X3Yand -X3N3. The symbol Y is a five to ten-membered aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl ring, optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -0Rf, -NRfRg, -Rh, -SRf, -CN, -NO2, -CO2Rf, -C0NRfRg, -C(0)Rf, -NRgC(O)Rf, -S(O)Rh, -S(O)2Rh, - NRfS(O)2Rh, -S(O)2NRfRg, -X3ORf, -X3NRfRg, -X3NRfS(O)2Rh and -X3S(O)2NRfRg, and wherein each X3 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkylene, C2-4 alkenylene and C2-4 alkynylene; each Rf and Rg is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C^ alkyl, and aryloxy-C^ alkyl, or when attached to the same nitrogen atom can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a five or six-membered ring having from O to 2 additional heteroatoms as ring members; and each Rh is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-Ci-4 alkyl, and aryloxy-C^ alkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions of X3, Rf, Rε and Rh are optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR0, -OC(O)NHR0, -0C(0)N(R°)2, -SH, -SR0, -S(O)R0, -S(O)2R0, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR0, -S(O)2N(R°)2, -NHS(O)2R0, -NR0S(O)2R0, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR0, -C(0)N(R°)2, -C(O)R0, -NHC(O)R0, -NR0C(O)R0, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NHR0, -NHC(O)NHR0, -NR°C(0)N(R°)2, -NHC(0)N(R°)2, -CO2H, -CO2R0, -NHCO2R0, -NR0CO2R0, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR0, -N(R°)2, -NR0S(O)NH2 and -NR0S(O)2NHR0, wherein R0 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl.
[0061] In another specific embodiment, in compounds having formula Ia and Ib, R1 is independently selected from the group consisting Of Ci-8 alkyl, Q-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, -CO2Ra, -X1CO2R3, -X1SO2R8, -X1OR3, -CORa, -C0NRaRb, -X1NR3R15, -X1NR3COR0, -X1CONR3R0, X1S(O)2NR3R0 and X1S(O)2R3, wherein X1 is C1-4 alkylene and each R3 and Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, C1-S haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl. The aliphatic portions of each of said R1 substituents is optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -0Rm, -OC(O)NHR"1, -OC(O)N(Rm)2, -SH, -SRm, -S(O)Rm, -S(O)2R"1, -SO2NH2, -S(0)2NHRm, -S(O)2N(Rm)2, -NHS(O)2R"1, -NRmS(O)2Rm, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR"1, -C(O)N(Rm)2, -C(0)Rm, -NHC(O)R"1, -NRmC(O)Rm, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR111C(O)NH2, -NRmC(0)NHRm, -NHC(O)NHR"1, -NRraC(0)N(Rm)2, -NHC(O)N(Rm)2, -CO2H, -CO2R"1, -NHCO2R"1, -NRmCO2Rm, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHRm, -N(Rm)2, -NRmS(O)NH2 and -NRmS(0)2NHRm, wherein each Rm is independently an unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl. The substituents R2a, R2c and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, heteroaryl, -NO2, -CO2R0, -C0NRcRd, -C(O)R0, -S(O)Re, -S(O)2R6, -Re, -C(NOR°)Rd,
-C(NR0V)=NV, -N(V)C(R°)=NV, -X2C(N0Rc)Rd, -X2C(NR0V)=NV, -X2N(V)C(R°)=NV, - X2NR°Rd, -X2SR0, -X2CN, -X2NO2, -X2CO2R0, -X2CONR°Rd, -X2C(O)R0, -X2OC(O)NRcRd, -X2NRdC(O)R°, -X2NRdC(O)2Re, -X2NRcC(O)NR°Rd, -X2NH-C(NH2)=NH, -X2NR6C(NH2)^NH, -X2NH-C(NH2)=NRe, -X2NH-C(NHR6)=NH, -X2S(O)R6, -X2S(O)2R6, - X2NR0S(O)2R6, -X2S(O)2NRcRd, -X2N3, -OR0, -SR0, -Re, -NRdC(0)R°, -NRdC(O)2Re, -
S(O)2R6, -S(O)2NR°Rd, -X2OR0, -O-X2OR°, -X2NR°Rd, -O-X2NRcRd and -NRd-X2CO2R°; in which within each of R2a, R2c and R2d, X2 is C1-4 alkylene and each R° and Rd is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or optionally, Rc and Rd when attached to the same nitrogen atom can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a five or six-membered ring having from O to 2 additional heteroatoms as ring members; and each Re is independently selected from the group consisting OfC1-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and each of R°, Rd and R6 is optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH5 -OR", -OC(O)NHR", -OC(O)N(R")2, -SH, -SR", -S(O)R", -S(O)2R", -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR", -S(O)2N(Rn)2, -NHS(O)2R", -NR0S(O)2R", -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR", -C(O)N(R")2, -C(O)R", -NHC(O)R", -NRnC(O)Rn, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR11C(O)NH2, -NRnC(0)NHRn, -NHC(O)NHR", -NRnC(0)N(R")2, -NHC(0)N(R")2, -CO2H, -CO2R", -NHCO2R", -NR11CO2R", -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR", -N(Rn)2, -NR0S(O)NH2 and -NR"S(O)2NHR". Each R" is independently an unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl; and wherein V is independently selected from the group consisting of -Rc, -CN, -CO2R6 and -NO2. Each of ring vertices a, b, c and d in formulae Ia and Ib is independently selected from N and C(R3a), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N. The substituent R3a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -0Rf, -OC(O)Rf, -NRfRg, -SRf, -Rh, -CN, -NO2, -CO2Rf, -CONRfRg, -C(O)Rf, -OC(O)NRfRg, -NRgC(0)Rf, -NRgC(O)2Rh, -NRf- C(0)NRfRg, -NH-C(NH2)^NH, -NRhC(NH2)=NH, -NH-C(NH2)=NRh, -NH-C(NHR")=NH, - S(O)Rh, -S(O)2Rh, -NRfS(O)2Rh, -S(O)2NRfRε, -NRfS(O)2Rh, -NRfS(O)2NRfRg, -N3, -X30Rf, -X3OC(O)Rf, -X3NRfRg, -X3SRf, -X3CN, -X3NO2, -X3CO2Rf, -X3CONRfRg, -X3C(O)Rf, -X30C(0)NRfRg, -X3NRgC(O)Rf, -X3NRgC(O)2Rh, -X3NRf-C(0)NRfRg,
-X3NH-C(NH2)=NH, -X3NRhC(NH2)=NH, -X3NH-C(NH2)=NRh, -X3NH-C(NHRh)=NH, - X3S(O)Rh, -X3S(O)2Rh, -X3NRfS(O)2Rh, -X3S(O)2NRfRg, -Y, -X3Yand -X3N3. The symbol Y is a five to ten-membered aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl ring, optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -0Rf, -NRfRs, -Rh, -SRf, -CN, -NO2, -CO2Rf, -C0NRfRg, -C(O)Rf, -NRgC(0)Rf, -S(O)Rh, -S(O)2Rh, - NRfS(O)2Rh, -S(0)2NRfRg, -X30Rf, -X3NRfRg, -X3NRfS(O)2R" and -X3S(O)2NRfRg, and wherein each X3 is independently selected from the group consisting of C^alkylene, C2-4 alkenylene and C2-4 alkynylene and each R and Rε is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-S alkyl, Ci-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C^ alkyl, and aryloxy-Ci-4 alkyl, or when attached to the same nitrogen atom can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a five or six-membered ring having from O to 2 additional heteroatoms as ring members, and each Rh is independently selected from the group consisting OfC1-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-Cr4 alkyl, and aryloxy-Q-,4 alkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions of X3, Rf, Rg and Rh are optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR0, -OC(O)NHR0, -OC(O)N(R°)2, -SH, -SR0, -S(O)R0, -S(O)2R0, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR0, -S(O)2N(R°)2, -NHS(O)2R0, -NR0S(O)2R0, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR0, -C(0)N(R°)2, -C(O)R0, -NHC(O)R0, -NR0C(O)R0, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NHR0, -NHC(O)NHR0, -NR°C(0)N(R°)2, -NHC(0)N(R°)2, -CO2H, -CO2R0, -NHCO2R0, -NR0CO2R0, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR0, -N(R°)2, -NR0S(O)NH2 and -NR0S(O)2NHR0, wherein R0 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl.
[0062] In another specific embodiment of the invention, in compounds having formula Ia or Ib, each R1 is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting Of Ci-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, -CO2Ra, -X1CO2R2, -X1SO2R3 and -X1OR3, wherein the aliphatic portions of each of said R1 substituents is optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR™, -OC(O)NHRm, -OC(O)N(RM)2, -SH, -SRm, -S(O)R1", -S(O)2R111, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR"1, -S(O)2N(Rm)2, -NHS(O)2R111, -NRmS(O)2Rm, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR1", -C(0)N(Rm)2, -C(O)R1", -NHC(0)Rm, -NRmC(0)Rm, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR111C(O)NH2, -NRmC(O)NHRm, -NHC(O)NHR1",
-NRmC(0)N(Rm)2, -NHC(0)N(Rm)2, -CO2H, -CO2R1", -NHCO2R1", -NR111CO2R1", -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHRm, -N(Rra)2, -NRmS(O)NH2 and -NRmS(0)2NHRm, wherein each Rm is independently an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. The R2a substituent is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, heteroaryl, -NO2, -CO2R0, -CONR°Rd, -C(O)R0, - S(O)R6, -S(O)2R6, -Re, -C(NOR°)Rd, -C(NR0V)=NV, -N(V)C(R°)=NV, -X2C(NOR°)Rd, -X2C(NR0V)=NV, -X2N(V)C(R°)=NV, -X2NRcRd, -X2SR0, -X2CN, -X2NO2, -X2CO2R0, -X2CONRcRd, -X2C(O)R0, -X2OC(O)NR°Rd, -X2NRdC(O)R°, -X2NRdC(O)2Re, -X2NR°C(0)NRcRd, -X2NH-C(NH2)=NH, -X2NR6C(NH2)=NH, -X2NH-C(NH2)=NRe, -X2NH-C(NHR6)=NH, -X2S(O)R6, -X2S(O)2R6, -X2NR0S(O)2R6, -X2S(O)2NR°Rd and -X2N3. The R2° and R2d substituents are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -OR0, -SR0, -R6, -CN, -NO2, -CO2R0, -C(O)R0, -NRdC(O)R°, -NRdC(O)2Re, - S(O)2R6, -S(O)2NR°Rd, -X2OR0, -0-X2OR0, -X2NR°Rd, -O-X2NR°Rd and -NRd-X2CO2R°. Each R3a substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -0Rf, -0C(0)Rf, -NRfRε, -SRf, -Rh, -CN, -NO2, -CO2Rf, -CONRfRg, -C(0)Rf, -0C(0)NRfRe, -NRgC(O)Rf, -NRsC(0)2Rh, -NRf-C(0)NRfRg, -S(O)Rh, -S(O)2Rh, - NRfS(O)2Rh, -S(O)2NRfRg, -NRfS(O)2NRfRs, -X30Rf, -X3NRfRg, -X3SRf, -X3CN, -C(C=N0Rf)NRfRg, X3SO3Rf, -X3CO2Rf, -X3C0NRfRg, -X3C(O)Rf, -X3NRgC(0)Rf, - X3NRgC(O)2Rh, -Y, -X3Y, -X3N3, wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of a five or six-membered aryl ring, a five or six-membered heteroaryl ring and three to eight membered heterocycloalkyl ring, wherein said Y group is optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -ORf, -NRfRg, -Rh, -SRf, -CN, - NO2, -CO2Rf, -C0NRfRg, -C(0)Rf, -NRgC(0)Rf, -S(O)Rh, -S(O)2Rh, -NRfS(O)2Rh and -S(O)2NRfRg, and wherein each X3 is independently C1-4 alkylene, and each Rf and Rg is independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl, and each Rh is independently selected from the group consisting OfC1-S alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions of X3, Rf, Rg and Rh is optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR0, -OC(O)NHR0, -OC(O)N(R°)2, -SH, -SR0, -S(O)R0, -S(O)2R0, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR0, -S(O)2N(R°)2, -NHS(O)2R0, -NR0S(O)2R0, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR0, -C(O)N(R°)2, -C(O)R0, -NHC(O)R0, -NR0C(O)R0, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NHR0, -NHC(O)NHR0, -NR°C(O)N(R°)2, -NHC(0)N(R°)2, -CO2H, -CO2R0, -NHCO2R0, -NR0CO2R0, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR0, -N(R°)2, -NR0S(O)NH2 and -NR0S(O)2NHR0, wherein each R0 is independently an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl.
[0063] In another embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention having formula Ib is represented by formulae Ib1 and Ib2:
Figure imgf000027_0001
Ib1 Ib2 or an N-oxide thereof; wherein R2c is halogen, cyano or nitro; the symbol R >2zdα . is selected from -SRC, -0-X2-0Rc, -X2-ORC, -Rβ, -OR0 and -NRdC(0)Rc; each of ring vertices a, b, c and d is independently selected from N and C(R3a), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N; and each R3a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 heterocycloalkyl, -S(O)2R , amino, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, isoxazolyl and thiazolyl. In one embodiment, the ring vertex a is N. In another embodiment, the ring vertex b is N. In another embodiment, the ring vertex c is N. In another embodiment, the ring vertex d is N. hi yet another embodiment, the ring vertices a and c are each N; b is hydrogen; and d is C(R3a), wherein R3a on ring vertex d is other than hydrogen. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is N; b is C(R3a) wherein R3a on ring vertex b is other than hydrogen; and c and d are each hydrogen. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is N; b and c are each hydrogen; and d is C(R3a), wherein R3a on ring vertex d is other than hydrogen. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is C(R3a), wherein R3a on ring vertex a is other than hydrogen; b is N; c and d are each hydrogen. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is N; b and d are each hydrogen; and c is C(R3α); wherein R3a on ring vertex c is other than hydrogen. In another embodiment, the ring vertices a and c are each N; b is hydrogen; and d is C(R3a), wherein R3a on ring vertex d is other than hydrogen.
[0064] In yet another embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention having formula Ib is represented by formulae Ib3 and Ib :
Figure imgf000028_0001
Ib3 Ib4
0 or an N-oxide thereof; wherein R2c is independently halogen, cyano or nitro; R2d is selected from -SRC, -O-X2-ORC, -X2-ORC, -Re, -OR0, -NR°Rd, -NR0S(O)2R6 and -NRdC(O)Rc; R2a is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, -CO2Me, -CONH2, CN, oxazolyl, -CH2NH2, -CH2NHMe, -CH2NMe2 and -CH=N-OH; each of ring vertices a, b, c and d is independently selected from N and C(R3a), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N; and
5 each R3a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 heterocycloalkyl, -S(O)2R11, amino, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, isoxazolyl and thiazolyl. In one embodiment the ring vertex a is N. hi another embodiment the ring vertex b is N. In another embodiment the ring vertex c is N. hi another embodiment the ring vertex d is N. hi yet another embodiment, the
:0 ring vertices a and c are each N; b is hydrogen; and d is C(R3a), wherein R3a on ring vertex d is other than hydrogen. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is N; b is C(R3a) wherein R3a on ring vertex b is other than hydrogen; and c and d are each hydrogen, hi another embodiment, the ring vertex a is N; b and c are each hydrogen; and d is C(R3a), wherein R3a on ring vertex d is other than hydrogen. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is C(R3a),
,5 wherein R3a on ring vertex a is other than hydrogen; b is N; c and d are each hydrogen, hi another embodiment, the ring vertex a is N; b and d are each hydrogen; and c is C(R3a); wherein R3a on ring vertex c is other than hydrogen, hi another embodiment, the ring vertices a and c are each N; b is hydrogen; and d is C(R3a), wherein R3a on ring vertex d is other than hydrogen. [0065] In yet another embodiment, the compounds of the invention having formula Ia is represented by formulae Ia1 or Ia2:
Figure imgf000029_0001
Ia1 Ia2 or an N-oxide thereof; wherein the symbol R2c is halogen, cyano or nitro; the symbol R2d is selected from -SRC, -O-X2-ORC, -X2-OR°, -Re, -OR0 and -NRdC(O)R°; each of ring vertices a, b, c and d is independently selected from N and C(R3a), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N; and each R3a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, Cj-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 heterocycloalkyl, -S(O)2Rh, amino, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxazoylyl, oxadiazolyl, isoxazolyl and thiazolyl. In one embodiment, the ring vertex d is N. In another embodiment the ring vertex b is N. In another embodiment the ring vertex c is N. In another embodiment the ring vertex d is N. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is N; b and d are each hydrogen; and c is C(R3a) wherein R3a is other than hydrogen. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is C(R3a), wherein R3a on ring vertex a is other than hydrogen; b is N; and c and d are each hydrogen. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is N; b and c are each hydrogen; and d is C(R3a) wherein R3a on ring vertex d is other than hydrogen. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is C(R3a), wherein R3a on ring vertex a is other than hydrogen; b and c_are each hydrogen; and d is N. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is C(R3a), wherein R3a on ring vertex a is other than hydrogen; b and d are each N; and c is hydrogen. In another embodiment, the ring vertices a and b are each hydrogen; c is C(R3a), wherein R3a on ring vertex c is other than hydrogen; and d is N.
[0066] In yet another embodiment, the compounds of the invention having formula Ia is represented by formula Ia3 and Ia4:
Figure imgf000029_0002
Ia3 Ia4 or an N-oxide thereof; wherein R2° is halogen, cyano or nitro; R2d is selected from -SRC, -O-X2-ORC, -X2-ORC, -Re, -ORC and -NRdC(O)R°; R2a is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl5 Br, I, -CO2Me, -CONH2, CN, oxazolyl, -CH2NH2, -CH2NHMe, and -CH2NMe2; each of ring vertices a, b, c and d is independently selected from N and C(R3a), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N; and each R3a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 heterocycloalkyl, -S(O)2Rh, amino, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, isoxazolyl and thiazolyl. In one embodiment, the ring vertex a is N. In another embodiment the ring vertex b is N. In another embodiment the ring vertex c is N. In another embodiment, the ring vertex d is N. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is C(R3a), wherein R3a on ring vertex a is other than hydrogen; b is N; and c and d are each hydrogen. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is N; b and c are each hydrogen; and d is C(R3a) wherein R3a on ring vertex d is other than hydrogen. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is C(R3a), wherein R3a on ring vertex a is other than hydrogen; b and c are each hydrogen; and d is N. In another embodiment, the ring vertex a is C(R3a), wherein R3a on ring vertex a is other than hydrogen; b and d are each N; and c is hydrogen. In another embodiment, the ring vertices a and b are each hydrogen; c is C(R3a), wherein R3a on ring vertex c is other than hydrogen; and d is N.
[0067] A family of specific compound of particular interest having formulae Ia and Ib consists of compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates orN-oxides thereof, as set forth in Table 1.
Table 1
1. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-ρyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridin-l-yl- ethanone
2. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridin-2-yl- ethanone
3. 1 -[4-(4-Chloro-3 -rnethoxy-phenyl)-piperazin- 1 -yl] -2-(3 -chloro-pyrazolo [3 ,A- b]pyridin-2-yl)-ethanone
4. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-l-yl-7- oxide)-ethanone 5. 1 -[4-(4-Chloro-3~methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin~ 1 -yl]-2-(pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin- 1 -yl-7- oxide)-ethanone
6. l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-piperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4- bjpyridin- 1 -yl-eihanone.
7. 1 -[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-piperazin- 1 -yl]-2-pyrazolo[3 ,4- b]pyridin-2-yl-ethanone.
8. 2-(3 - Amino-pyrazolo[3 ,4-b]pyridin- 1 -yl)-l -[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)- 2-methyl-piperazin-l-yl]-ethanone.
9. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-chloro-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone.
10. l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-methyl- ρyrazolo[3 ,4-b]pyridin- 1 -yl)-ethanone.
11. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ρiρerazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl- ethanone. 12. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl- ethanone.
13. 1 -[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-ρiperazin- 1 -yl]-2-pyrazolo[4,3 - cjpyridin- 1 -yl-ethanone.
14. 1 -[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-piperazin- 1 -yl]-2-pyrazolo[3 ,4- c]pyridin-2-yl-ethanone.
15. 1 -[4-(4-Chloro-3 -methoxy-phenyl)-ρiperazin- 1 -yl] -2-(3 -pyridin-2-yl-pyrazolo [3 ,4- b]pyridin- 1 -yl)-ethanone.
16. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-thiazol-2-yl-pyrazolo[3,4- b]ρyridin- 1 -yl)-ethanone.
17. l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-
1 -yl-ethanone.
18. l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin- 2-yl-ethanone. 19. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-methyl-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridin- 1 -yl)-ethanone.
20. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-oxazol-2-yl-ρyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridin- 1 -yl)-ethanone.
21. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-fluoro-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridin- 1 -yl)-ethanone.
22. l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-oxazol-2- yl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin- 1 -yl)-ethanone
23. 1 -[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l -yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-2-yl- ethanone
24. 1 - [4-(4-Chloro-3 -methoxy-phenyl)-piρerazin- 1 -yl] -2-pyrazolo [3 ,4-c]pyridin- 1 -yl- ethanone
25. l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin- 1-yl-ethanone 26. l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-piperazin- 1 -yl]-2-(3-thiazol-2- yl-pyrazolo [3 ,4-b]pyridin- 1 -yl)-ethanone
27. l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-ρiperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-pyridin-2- yl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone
28. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-methyl-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone
29. 1 -[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-ph.enyl)-2-methyl-piperazin-l -yl]~2-(3-methyl- pyrazolo [3 ,4-b]pyridin- 1 -yl)-ethanone
30. 1 -[4-(4-Chloro-3 -methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin- 1 -yl] -2-(3 -thiazol-2-yl-pyrazolo [3,4- bjpyridin- 1 -yl)-ethanone
31. 1- {2-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l -yl]-2-oxo-ethyl} -lH-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridine-3 -carbonitrile
32. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-plienyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl-2- oxide)-ethanone 33. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(6-methyl-pyrazolo[3,4- bjpyridin- 1 -yl)-ethanone
34. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(6-methyl-pyrazolo[354- b]pyridin-2-yl)-ethanone
5 35. 1 -[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin- 1 -yl]-2-(3 -morpholin-4-yl-pyrazolo[3 ,A- b]pyridin- 1 -yl)-ethanone
36. 1 -[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-metb.yl-piperazin- 1 -yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4- c]pyridin- 1 -yl-ethanone
37. 1 -[4-(4-Chloro-3 -methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin- 1 -yl]-2-(pyrazolo[3 ,4-c]pyridin- 1 -yl-6- LO oxide)-ethanone
38. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(4-chloro-pyrazolo[4,3- c]pyridin-2-yl)-ethanone
39. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(4-iodo-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin- 2-yl)-ethanone
[5 40. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(4-iodo-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin- l-yl)-ethanone
41. 1 -[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(4-methanesulfonyl- pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin- 1 -yl)-ethanone
42. 2-(3- Azidomethyl-pyrazolo[3 ,4-b]pyridin- 1 -yl)-l -[4-(4-chloro-3 -methoxy-phenyl)- .0 piperazin-l-yl]-ethanone
43. (l-{2-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-oxo-ethyl}-lH- pyrazolo[3 ,4-b]pyridin-3 -yl)-methanesulfonic acid
44. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(5-chloro-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridin- 1 -yl)-ethanone
.5 45. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(4-chloro-pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-ethanone
46. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(4-chloro-pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidin-l -yl)-ethanone 47. 1 -[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-ρhenyl)-piperazin-l -yl]-2-(4-methoxy-pyrazolo[3,4- djpyrimidin- 1 -yl)~ethanone
48. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-ρhenyl)-piρerazin-l-yl]-2-(6-chloro-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridin-2-yl)-ethanone
49. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-ρhenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(6-chloro-pyrazolo[3,4- bjpyridin- 1 -yl)-ethanone
50. 2-(6-Azido-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l -yl)-l -[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)- piperazin- 1 -yl]-ethanone
51. 2-(6-Amino-pyrazolo[3 ,4-b]pyridin- 1 -yl)-l -[4-(4-chloro-3 -methoxy-phenyl)- piperazin-l-yl]-ethanone
52. 2-(7-Azido-ρyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-l-yl)-l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)- piperazin- 1 -yl] -ethanone
53. 2-(7-Amino-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-l-yl)-l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)- piperazin- 1 -yl] -ethanone 54. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-oxazol-2-yl-pyrazolo[3,4- b]ρyridin-2-yl)-ethanone
55. 2-(5-Aniino-3-methyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]ρyridin-l-yl)-l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy- phenyl)-piρerazin- 1 -yl]-ethanone
56. 1 -[4-(4-Chloro-3 -methoxy-phenyl)-ρiperazin- 1 -yl] -2-(3 -methyl-5 -nitro-pyrazolo[3 ,4- b]ρyridin-l-yl)-ethanone
57. 2-(3-Amino-6-methyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]ρyridin-l -yl)-l -[4-(4-chloro-3-tnethoxy- phenyl)-piρerazin- 1 -yl]-ethanone
58. l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-meth.yl-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3- [ 1 ,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl-pyrazolo[3 ,4-b]pyridin- 1 -yl)-ethanone
59. l-{2-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ρiperazin-l-yl]-2-oxo-ethyl}-N-hydroxy-lH- pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carboxamidine
60. l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piρerazin-l-yl]-2-(3-[l,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl- pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin- 1 -yl)-ethanone 61. 1 -[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-ρhenyl)-ρiperazin- 1 -yl]-2-[3-(5-methyl-[l ,2,4]oxadiazol- 3 -yl)-pyrazolo[3 ,4-b]pyridin- 1 -yl]-ethanone
62. N-( 1 - {2-[4-(4-Chloro-3 -methoxy-ρhenyl)-ρiρerazin- 1 -yl] -2-oxo-ethyl) - 1 H- pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl)-acetamide
63. 1 ~[4-(4-Chloro-3 -methoxy-ρhenyl)-piperazin- 1 -yl] -2-(3 -methanesulfonyl- ρyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone
64. 2-(3-Aminomethyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl)-l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)- piperazin- 1 -yl] -ethanone
65. l-[4-(4-ChloiO-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-iodo-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin- l-yl)-ethanone
66. l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-metb.yl-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-iodo- pyrazolo [3 ,4-b]pyridin- 1 -yl)-ethanone
67. l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-meihoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-oxazol-2-yl- ρyrazolo[3 ,4-b]ρyridin- 1 -yl)-eihanone
[0068] Another family of specific compounds of particular interest having formulae Ia and Ib consists of compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates or N-oxides thereof as set forth in Table 2.
Preparation of Compounds
[0069] As provided in the examples below, the compounds and intermediates of the present invention can be prepared by one of skill in the art in a component assembly manner. Schemes IA - IM illustrate a variety of methods for the preparation of a variety of azaindazole-type derivatives. In each of these schemes, X is halogen; Nu is nucleophilic group; the symbol v^ within an aryl ring indicate the replacement of one to two carbon(s) of said aryl ring vertex (vertices) with nitrogen atom(s); L is a ligand; and non-interferring substituents are provided as -R, -R 5 -R , and -R'".
Scheme IA
[0070] Scheme IA shows the synthesis of azaindazole derivatives from halo-pyridine- carbaldehyde or ketone. hydrazine
Figure imgf000036_0001
Figure imgf000036_0002
Scheme IB
[0071] Scheme IB shows the synthesis of azaindazole derivatives from halo- cyanopyridines .
hydrazine
Figure imgf000036_0003
Figure imgf000036_0004
Scheme 1C
[0072] Scheme 1C shows the synthesis of azaindazole derivatives from amino-methyl- pyridine.
hydrolysis
Figure imgf000036_0005
Figure imgf000036_0006
Scheme ID
[0073] Scheme ID shows the reaction of azaindazole derivatives with an α-haloacetate or α-haloacetamide.
Figure imgf000036_0007
Scheme IE
[0074] Scheme IE shows the reaction of azaindazole derivatives with an electrophilic halogen source (X+).
Figure imgf000036_0008
Scheme IF [0075] Scheme IF shows a metal-assisted coupling reaction of a halo-azaindazole derivative.
Figure imgf000037_0001
Scheme IG
[0076] Scheme IG shows a metal-assisted amination reaction of a halo-azaindazole derivative.
Figure imgf000037_0002
Scheme IH
[0077] Scheme 1 H shows the amination of an azaindazole derivative.
Figure imgf000037_0003
Scheme II
[0078] Scheme II shows the functionalization of an azaindazole derivative.
I ) MCPBA
2) NuH; PhCOCI
Figure imgf000037_0005
Figure imgf000037_0004
Scheme IJ [0079] Scheme IJ shows the synthesis of a pyrazolopyrazine derivative.
glyoxal
Figure imgf000037_0007
Figure imgf000037_0006
Scheme IK
[0080] Scheme IK shows the synthesis of a pyrazolopyrimidine derivative.
Figure imgf000038_0001
Scheme IL
[0081] Scheme IL shows the synthesis of a pyrazolopyrimidine derivative.
Figure imgf000038_0002
hydrazine CuI
Figure imgf000038_0003
Figure imgf000038_0004
Scheme IM
Scheme IM shows the synthesis of N-oxide derivatives of the invention.
Figure imgf000038_0005
IV. Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0082] In addition to the compounds provided above, compositions for modulating CCRl activity in humans and animals will typically contain a pharmaceutical earner or diluent.
[0083] The term "composition" as used herein is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts. By "pharmaceutically acceptable" it is meant the carrier, diluent or excipient must be compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.
[0084] The pharmaceutical compositions for the administration of the compounds of this invention may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy and drug delivery. All methods include the step of bringing the active ingredient into association with the carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general, the pharmaceutical compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing the active ingredient into association with a liquid carrier or a finely divided solid carrier or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired formulation. In the pharmaceutical composition the active object compound is included in an amount sufficient to produce the desired effect upon the process or condition of diseases.
[0085] The pharmaceutical compositions containing the active ingredient may be in a form suitable for oral use, for example, as tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions and self emulsifications as described in U.S. Patent Application 2002-0012680, hard or soft capsules, syrups, elixirs, solutions, buccal patch, oral gel, chewing gum, chewable tablets, effervescent powder and effervescent tablets. Compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents, antioxidants and preserving agents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations. Tablets contain the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are suitable for the manufacture of tablets. These excipients may be for example, inert diluents, such as cellulose, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, glucose, mannitol, sorbitol, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for example, corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, for example PVP, cellulose, PEG, starch, gelatin or acacia, and lubricating agents, for example magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. The tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated, enterically or otherwise, by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate may be employed. They may also be coated by the techniques described in the U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,256,108; 4,166,452; and 4,265,874 to form osmotic therapeutic tablets for control release.
[0086] Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil. Additionally, emulsions can be prepared with a non- water miscible ingredient such as oils and stabilized with surfactants such as mono-diglycerides, PEG esters and the like.
[0087] Aqueous suspensions contain the active materials in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions. Such excipients are suspending agents, for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxy- propylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide, for example lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for example polyoxy- ethylene stearate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives, for example ethyl, or n- propyl, p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents, and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose or saccharin.
[0088] Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil, for example arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin. The oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set forth above, and flavoring agents may be added to provide a palatable oral preparation. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.
[0089] Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above. Additional excipients, for example sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents, may also be present.
[0090] The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the form of oil-in- water emulsions. The oily phase may be a vegetable oil, for example olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, for example liquid paraffin or mixtures of these. Suitable emulsifying agents may be naturally-occurring gums, for example gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally- occurring phosphatides, for example soy bean, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example sorbitan monooleate, and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for example polyoxy ethylene sorbitan monooleate. The emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents.
[0091] Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for example glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative and flavoring and coloring agents. Oral solutions can be prepared in combination with, for example, cyclodextrin, PEG and surfactants.
[0092] The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleagenous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butane diol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables. [0093] The compounds of the present invention may also be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration of the drug. These compositions can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drag. Such materials include cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols.
Additionally, the compounds can be administered via ocular delivery by means of solutions or ointments. Still further, transdermal delivery of the subject compounds can be accomplished by means of iontophoretic patches and the like. For topical use, creams, ointments, jellies, solutions or suspensions, etc., containing the compounds of the present invention are employed. As used herein, topical application is also meant to include the use of mouth washes and gargles.
[0094] The compounds of this invention may also be coupled a carrier that is a suitable polymers as targetable drug carriers. Such polymers can include polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxy-propyl-methacrylamide-phenol, polyhydroxyethyl-aspartamide- phenol, or polyethyleneoxide-polylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues. Furthermore, the compounds of the invention may be coupled to a carrier that is a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross linked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
Polymers and semipermeable polymer matrices may be formed into shaped articles, such as valves, stents, tubing, prostheses and the like. In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of the invention is coupled to a polymer or semipermeable polymer matrix that is formed as a stent or stent-graft device.
V. Methods of Treating Diseases Modulated by CCRl
[0095] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides methods of treating CCRl- mediated conditions or diseases by administering to a subject having such a disease or condition, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I above. The "subject" is defined herein to include animals such as mammals, including, but not limited to, primates (e.g., humans), cows, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, mice and the like. [0096] CCRl provides a target for interfering with or promoting specific aspects of immune cell functions, or more generally, with functions associated with CCRl expression on a wide range of cell types in a mammal, such as a human. Compounds that inhibit CCRl , are particularly useful for modulating monocyte, macrophage, lymphocyte, granulocyte, NK cell, mast cells, dendritic cell, neutrophils, and certain immune derived cell (for example, osteoclasts) function for therapeutic purposes. Accordingly, the present invention is directed to compounds which are useful in the prevention and/or treatment of a wide variety of inflammatory and immunoregulatory disorders and diseases (see Saeki, et al., Current Pharmaceutical Design 9:1201-1208 (2003)).
[0097] For example, an instant compound that inhibits one or more functions of CCRl may be administered to inhibit (i.e., reduce or prevent) inflammation or cellular infiltration associated with an immune disorder. As a result, one or more inflammatory processes, such as leukocyte emigration or infiltration, chemotaxis, exocytosis (e.g., of enzymes, histamine) or inflammatory mediator release, can be inhibited. For example, monocyte infiltration to an inflammatory site (e.g., an affected joint in arthritis, or into the CNS in MS) can be inhibited according to the present method.
[0098] Similarly, an instant compound that promotes one or more functions of CCRl is administered to stimulate (induce or enhance) an inflammatory response, such as leukocyte emigration, chemotaxis, exocytosis (e.g., of enzymes, histamine) or inflammatory mediator release, resulting in the beneficial stimulation of inflammatory processes. For example, monocytes can be recruited to combat bacterial infections.
[0099] Diseases and conditions associated with inflammation, immune disorders and infection can be treated using the method of the present invention. In a preferred embodiment, the disease or condition is one in which the actions of immune cells such monocyte, macrophage, lymphocyte, granulocyte, NK cell, mast cell, dendritic cell, or certain immune derived cell (for example, osteoclasts) are to be inhibited or promoted, in order to modulate the inflammatory or autoimmune response.
[0100] In one group of embodiments, diseases or conditions, including chronic diseases, of humans or other species can treated with modulators of CCRl function. These diseases or conditions include: (1) allergic diseases such as systemic anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity responses, drug allergies, insect sting allergies and food allergies, (2) inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, ileitis and enteritis, (3) vaginitis, (4) psoriasis and inflammatory dermatoses such as dermatitis, eczema, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, urticaria and pruritus, (5) vasculitis, (6) spondyloarthropathies, (7) scleroderma, (8) asthma and respiratory allergic diseases such as allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, hypersensitivity lung diseases and the like, (9) autoimmune diseases, such as fibromyalagia, scleroderma, ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile RA, Still's disease, polyarticular juvenile RA, pauciarticular juvenile RA, polymyalgia rheumatica, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, polyarticular arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type I diabetes, type II diabetes, glomerulonephritis, and the like, (10) graft rejection (including allograft rejection and graft-v-host disease), and (11) other diseases in which undesired inflammatory responses or immune disorders are to be inhibited, such as cardiovascular disease including atherosclerosis and restenosis, myositis, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), encephalitis, meningitis, hepatitis, nephritis, sepsis, sarcoidosis, allergic conjunctivitis, otitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sinusitis, Behcet's syndrome and gout and (12) immune mediated food allergies such as Celiac disease.
[0101] In another group of embodiments, diseases or conditions can be treated with modulators of CCRl function. Examples of diseases to be treated with modulators of CCRl function include cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diseases in which angiogenesis or neovascularization play a role (neoplastic diseases, retinopathy and macular degeneration), infectious diseases (viral infections, e.g., HIV infection, and bacterial infections) and immunosuppressive diseases such as organ transplant conditions and skin transplant conditions. The term "organ transplant conditions" is meant to include bone marrow transplant conditions and solid organ (e.g., kidney, liver, lung, heart, pancreas or combination thereof) transplant conditions.
[0102] The compounds of the present invention are accordingly useful in the prevention and treatment of a wide variety of inflammatory and immunoregulatory disorders and diseases.
[0103] Depending on the disease to be treated and the subject's condition, the compounds of the present invention may be administered by oral, parenteral (e.g., intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, ICV, intracisternal injection or infusion, subcutaneous injection, or implant), by implantation (e.g., as when the compound is coupled to a stent device), by inhalation spray, nasal, vaginal, rectal, sublingual, or topical routes of administration and may be formulated, alone or together, in suitable dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles appropriate for each route of administration.
[0104] In the treatment or prevention of conditions which require chemoldne receptor modulation an appropriate dosage level will generally be about 0.001 to 100 mg per kg patient body weight per day which can be administered in single or multiple doses.
Preferably, the dosage level will be about 0.01 to about 25 mg/kg per day; more preferably about 0.05 to about 10 mg/kg per day. A suitable dosage level may be about 0.01 to 25 mg/kg per day, about 0.05 to 10 mg/kg per day, or about 0.1 to 5 mg/kg per day. Within this range the dosage may be 0.005 to 0.05, 0.05 to 0.5 or 0.5 to 5.0 mg/kg per day. For oral administration, the compositions are preferably provided in the form of tablets containing 1.0 to 1000 milligrams of the active ingredient, particularly 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0, 100.0, 150.0, 200.0, 250.0, 300.0, 400.0, 500.0, 600.0, 750.0, 800.0, 900.0, and 1000.0 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the patient to be treated. The compounds may be administered on a regimen of 1 to 4 times per day, preferably once or twice per day.
[0105] It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level and frequency of dosage for any particular patient may be varied and will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the metabolic stability and length of action of that compound, the age, body weight, hereditary characteristics, general health, sex and diet of the subject, as well as the mode and time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, and the severity of the particular condition for the subject undergoing therapy.
[0106] Diseases and conditions associated with inflammation, immune disorder, infection and cancer can be treated or prevented with the present compounds, compositions, and methods.
[0107] The compounds and compositions of the present invention can be combined with other compounds and compositions having related utilities to prevent and treat the condition or disease of interest, such as inflammatory or autoimmune disorders, conditions and diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, polyarticular arthritis, multiple sclerosis, allergic diseases, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and asthma, and those pathologies noted above.
[0108] For example, in the treatment or prevention of inflammation or autoimmunity or for example arthritis associated bone loss, the present compounds and compositions may be used in conjunction with an anti-inflammatory or analgesic agent such as an opiate agonist, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, such as an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, such as a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, an interleukin inhibitor, such as an interleukin-1 inhibitor, an NMDA antagonist, an inhibitor of nitric oxide or an inhibitor of the synthesis of nitric oxide, a non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, or a cytokine-suppressing antiinflammatory agent, for example with a compound such as acetaminophen, aspirin, codeine, fentanyl, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketorolac, morphine, naproxen, phenacetin, piroxicam, a steroidal analgesic, sufentanyl, sunlindac, tenidap, and the like. Similarly, the instant compounds and compositions may be administered with an analgesic listed above; a potentiator such as caffeine, an H2 antagonist (e.g., ranitidine), simethicone, aluminum or magnesium hydroxide; a decongestant such as phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, ephinephrine, naphazoline, xylometazoline, propylhexedrine, or levo desoxy ephedrine; an antitussive such as codeine, hydrocodone, caramiphen, carbetapentane, or dextromethorphan; a diuretic; and a sedating or non sedating antihistamine.
[0109] Likewise, compounds and compositions of the present invention may be used in combination with other drugs that are used in the treatment, prevention, suppression or amelioration of the diseases or conditions for which compounds and compositions of the present invention are useful. Such other drugs may be administered, by a route and in an amount commonly used therefor, contemporaneously or sequentially with a compound or composition of the present invention. When a compound or composition of the present invention is used contemporaneously with one or more other drugs, a pharmaceutical composition containing such other drugs in addition to the compound or composition of the present invention is preferred. Accordingly, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include those that also contain one or more other active ingredients or therapeutic agents, in addition to a compound or composition of the present invention. Examples of other therapeutic agents that maybe combined with a compound or composition of the present invention, either administered separately or in the same pharmaceutical compositions, include, but are not limited to: (a) VLA-4 antagonists, (b) corticosteroids, such as beclomethasone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone, prednisone, prenisolone, dexamethasone, fluticasone, hydrocortisone, budesonide, triamcinolone, salmeterol, salmeterol, salbutamol, formeterol; (c) immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine (cyclosporine A, Sandimmune®, Neoral®), tacrolimus (FK-506, Prograf®), rapamycin (sirolimus, Rapamune®) and other FK-506 type immunosuppressants, and mycophenolate, e.g., mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept®); (d) antihistamines (Hl -histamine antagonists) such as bromopheniramine, chlorpheniramine, dexchloipheniramine, triprolidine, clemastine, diphenhydramine, diphenylpyraline, tripelennamine, hydroxyzine, methdilazine, promethazine, trimeprazine, azatadine, cyproheptadine, antazoline, pheniramine pyrilamine, astemizole, terfenadine, loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, and the like; (e) non steroidal anti asthmatics {e.g., terbutaline, metaproterenol, fenoterol, isoetharine, albuterol, bitolterol and pirbuterol), theophylline, cromolyn sodium, atropine, ipratropium bromide, leukotriene antagonists (e.g. , zaftnlukast, montelukast, pranlukast, iralukast, pobilukast and SKB-106,203), leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors (zileuton, BAY-1005); (f) non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) such as propionic acid derivatives (e.g., alminoprofen, benoxaprofen, bucloxic acid, carprofen, fenbufen, fenoprofen, fiuprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, indoprofen, ketoprofen, rniroprofen, naproxen, oxaprozin, pirprofen, pranoprofen, suprofen, tiaprofenic acid and tioxaprofen), acetic acid derivatives (e.g., indomethacin, acemetacin, alclofenac, clidanac, diclofenac, fenclofenac, fenclozic acid, fentiazac, furofenac, ibufenac, isoxepac, oxpinac, sulindac, tiopinac, tolmetin, zidometacin and zomepirac), fenamic acid derivatives (e.g., flufenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, mefenamic acid, niflumic acid and tolfenamic acid), biphenylcarboxylic acid derivatives (e.g., difmnisal and flufenisal), oxicams (e.g., isoxicam, piroxicam, sudoxicam and tenoxican), salicylates (e.g., acetyl salicylic acid and sulfasalazine) and the pyrazolones (e.g., apazone, bezpiperylon, feprazone, mofebutazone, oxyphenbutazone and phenylbutazone); (g) cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors such as celecoxib (Celebrex®) and rofecoxib (Vioxx®); (h) inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type IV (PDE IV); (i) gold compounds such as auranofin and aurothioglucose, Q) etanercept (Enbrel®), (k) antibody therapies such as orthoclone (OKT3), daclizumab (Zenapax®), basiliximab (Simulect®) and infliximab
(Remicade®), (1) other antagonists of the chemokine receptors, especially CCR5, CXCR2, CXCR3, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR7, CX3CRl and CXCR6; (m) lubricants or emollients such as petrolatum and lanolin, (n) keratolytic agents (e.g., tazarotene), (o) vitamin D3 derivatives, e.g., calcipotriene or calcipotriol (Dovonex®), (p) PUVA, (q) anthralin (Drithrocreme®), (r) etretinate (Tegison®) and isotretinoin and (s) multiple sclerosis therapeutic agents such as interferon β-lβ (Betaseron®), interferon (β-lα (Avonex®), azathioprine (hnurek®, Imuran®), glatiramer acetate (Capoxone®), a glucocorticoid (e.g., prednisolone) and cyclophosphamide (t) DMARDS such as methotrexate (u) other compounds such as 5 -aminosalicylic acid and prodrugs thereof; hydroxychloroquine; D-penicillamine; antimetabolites such as azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate; DNA synthesis inhibitors such as hydroxyurea and microtubule disrupters such as colchicine. The weight ratio of the compound of the present invention to the second active ingredient may be varied and will depend upon the effective dose of each ingredient. Generally, an effective dose of each will be used. Thus, for example, when a compound of the present invention is combined with an NSAID the weight ratio of the compound of the present invention to the NSAID will generally range from about 1000:1 to about 1:1000, preferably about 200:1 to about 1:200. Combinations of a compound of the present invention and other active ingredients will generally also be within the aforementioned range, but in each case, an effective dose of each active ingredient should be used.
VI. EXAMPLES
[0110] The following examples are offered to illustrate, but not to limit the claimed invention.
[0111] Reagents and solvents used below can be obtained from commercial sources such as Aldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA). 1H-NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian Mercury 400 MHz NMR spectrometer. Significant peaks are provided relative to TMS and are tabulated in the order: multiplicity (s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; q, quartet; m, multiplet) and number of protons. Mass spectrometry results are reported as the ratio of mass over charge, followed by the relative abundance of each ion (in parenthesis). In the examples, a single m/e value is reported for the M+H (or, as noted, M-H) ion containing the most common atomic isotopes. Isotope patterns correspond to the expected formula in all cases. Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry analysis was conducted on a Hewlett-Packard MSD electrospray mass spectrometer using the HP 1100 HPLC for sample delivery. Normally the analyte was dissolved in methanol at 0.1 mg/mL and 1 microlitre was infused with the delivery solvent into the mass spectrometer, which scanned from 100 to 1500 daltons. All compounds could be analyzed in the positive ESI mode, using acetonitrile / water with 1% formic acid as the delivery solvent. The compounds provided below could also be analyzed in the negative ESI mode, using 2 mM NH4OAc in acetonitrile / water as delivery system. [0112] Compounds within the scope of this invention can be synthesized as described below, using a variety of reactions known to the skilled artisan. A sample of useful routes to the azaindazole derivatives and certain compounds of the invention are provided below or elsewhere within the present application. In the descriptions of the syntheses that follow, some of the arylpiperazine and heteroaromatic subunit precursors were obtained from commercial sources. These commercial sources include Aldrich Chemical Co., Acros Organics, Ryan Scientific Incorporated, Oakwood Products Incorporated, Lancaster Chemicals, Sigma Chemical Co., Lancaster Chemical Co., TCI-America, Alfa Aesar, Davos Chemicals, and GFS Chemicals. Certain relevant arylpiperazine compounds can be commercially obtained. Others could be prepared as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 11/008,774, the contents of which is hereby incorporated in its entirety for all purposes. Also, standard chemistries have been employed to link the arylpiperazine and heteroaromatic subunits (whether commercially obtained or prepared by the methods below) using a suitably optimized linker, such as the acetyl unit described in the body of this invention.
[0113] One skilled in the art will also recognize that alternative methods may be employed to synthesize the target compounds of this invention, and that the approaches described within the body of this document are not exhaustive, but do provide broadly applicable and practical routes to compounds of interest.
[0114] Certain molecules claimed in this patent can exist in different enantiomeric and diastereomeric forms and all such variants of these compounds are claimed.
[0115] Regioisomerism is a common property in organic chemistry, and is especially common with regards to certain structural types provided herein. Those skilled in the art will recognize, with respect to the compounds described herein, that the coupling reactions with the heteroaromatic ring systems can lead to either one of or a mixture of detectable regioisomers.
[0116] The detailed description of the experimental procedures used to synthesize key compounds in this text lead to molecules that are described by the physical data identifying them as well as by the structural depictions associated with them.
[0117] Those skilled in the art will also recognize that during standard work up procedures in organic chemistry, acids and bases are frequently used. Salts of the parent compounds are sometimes produced, if they possess the necessary intrinsic acidity or basicity, during the experimental procedures described within this patent. Example 1 Synthesis of LH-pyrazolo [3, 4-6] pyridine.
Figure imgf000050_0001
[0118] 2-Chloro-3-formylpyridine (15.02 g, 106 mmol, 1 equiv), hydrazine (10 mL, excess), and dioxane (90 mL) were combined in a sealed tube and heated at 150 0C for 16 hr.
After cooling to room temperature, the solvent was evaporated in vacuo to provide a crude residue which was diluted with dichloromethane (600 mL). The organic solution was washed with water (50 mL), brine (50 mL) and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed in vacuo to provide lH"-pyrazolo[3,4-δ]pyridine as a yellow powder which was used without further purification: LCMS (ES) M+H 120.3, Rf 0.20 min (Agilent Zorbax SB- C18, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 0C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile).
Example 2 Synthesis of 3-Thiazol-2-yl-ll?-pyrazolo [3,4-6]pyridine.
Figure imgf000050_0002
[0119] To a suspension of 2-chloro-3-[(2-thiazolyl)carbonyl]pyridine (257.5 mg, 1.2 mmol, 1 equiv) in dioxane (3 mL) in a sealed tube was added hydrazine (2 mL). The mixture was heated at 150 °C overnight, cooled to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo to provide a crude residue. The resultant residue was diluted with dichloromethane (300 mL), washed with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide 3-thiazol-2-yl-l/i-pyrazolo[3,4- έjpyridine (212.3 mg) as a yellow powder which used without further purification: LCMS (ES) M+H 203.5, Rf 2.68 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 0C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile). Example 3 Synthesis of lJET-Pyrazolo[3,4-6]pyπdin-3-ylamine.
αCN hydrazine N c, dloxane, 15O 0C
Figure imgf000051_0001
[0120] 2-Chloro-3-cyanopyridine (2.77 g), hydrazine (5 mL), and dioxane (100 mL) were combined in a sealed tube and heated at 150 0C for 16 hr. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo to provide a crude residue. The resultant residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with saturated NaCl solution (50 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford li7-pyrazolo[3,4-δ]pyridin-3-ylamine as a yellow solid which was used without further purification.
Example 4 Synthesis of liϊ-pyrazolo[3,4-e] pyridine. α
Figure imgf000051_0002
[0121] Preparation of of 3 -N-acetylamino-4-methylpyridine: To solution of 3 -amino-4- methylpyridine (540.2 mg, 5.0 mmol, 1 equiv) in dichloromethane (20 mL) was added pyridine (0.8 mL, 10.0 mmol, 2 equiv) and acetic anhydride (0.57 mL, 6.0 mmol, 1.2 equiv).
The resultant solution was stirred at room temperature for 16 h and concentrated in vacuo to provide a crude residue. The residue was diluted with dichloromethane (200 mL), and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution (50 mL) and brine (50 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to yield 3- acetylamino-4-methylpyridine (400.2 mg) as yellow solid which was used without further purification.
[0122] Preparation of l-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-l-yl-ethanone: To a suspension of 3- acetylamino-4-methylpyridine (301.5 mg, 2.0 mmol, 1 equiv) in toluene (3 mL) was added tert-butyl nitrite (£-BuONO) (420 μL, 3.2 mmol, 1.6 equiv), acetic anhydride (560 μL, 6.0 mmol, 3 equiv) and potassium acetate (235.2 mg, 2.4 mmol, 1.2 equiv). The resultant mixture was heated at 80 0C for 2 hours, cooled to room temperature, and diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL). The mixture was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution(50 mL), water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to provide a crude residue. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica, 15% ethyl acetate/hexane to 50% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give 1- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-l-yl-ethanone (20.2 mg) which was used without further purification.
[0123] Synthesis of lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine: To a solution of l-pyrazolo[3,4- c]ρyridin-l-yl-ethanone (20.2 mg, 0.17 mmol, 1 equiv) in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL) and methanol (0.5 mL) was added sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (2M, 0.25 mL). The reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and then concentrated in vacuo to provide a crude residue. The crude residue was diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to provide lH-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine as white powder, which used without further purification: LCMS (ES) M+H 120.3, Rf 0.22 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 °C, 1 ml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile).
Example 5 Synthesis of 3-Iodo-12ϊ-pyrazolo[3,4-£>]pyridine.
Figure imgf000052_0001
[0124] To a solution of lH-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine (500.0 mg, 4.2 mmol, 1 equiv) in DMF (10 mL) at 0 °C, was added iodine (2.13 g, 8.4 mmol, 2 equiv) and potassium hydroxide (943 mg, 16.8 mmol, 4 equiv). The resultant mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction solution was slowly quenched with saturated sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2Os) solution (10 mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 200 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (3 x 50 mL), brined (50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give 3-Iodo~lH-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine (1.02 g) as a yellow powder which was used without further purification: LCMS (ES) M+H 246.2, Rf 2.17 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 350C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile). Example 6
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-CS;-methyIpiperazin-l-yl]-2- pyrazolo[3,4-Z>]pyridine-l-ylethanone and l-[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-
^-methylpiperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4-6]pyridine-2-ylethanone.
Figure imgf000053_0001
[0125] 2-Chloro-l -[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-(S>methylpiperazin-l - yljethanone (arylpiperazine) (4.81 g, 14.32 mmol, 1 equiv), lH-pyrazole[3,4-b]pyridine (2.27 g, 17.18 mmol, 1.2 equiv), and potassium carbonate (20.00 g, 143.2 mmol, 10 equiv) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) (10 niL) and heated at 80 0C for 1 hour, then cooled to room temperature. The resultant mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (300 niL), and washed with water (3 x 150 niL) and brine (100 mL). The organic layer was dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo to provide a crude residue. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica, 100% ethyl acetate with 1% triethylamine to 100% acetone with 1% triethylamine) provided l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-f$- methylpiperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-l-ylethanone (2.3 g) and l-[4-(4-chloro-2- fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-fliξ)-methylpiperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4-ό]pyridine-2- ylethanone (2.5 g).
[0126] For l-[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(ιS)-methyl- piperazin-l-yl]-2- ρyrazolo[3,4-δ]ρyridine-l-yl-ethanone; LCMS (ES) M+H 418.5, R/2.34min (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1 x 50mm, 5μ, 35 °C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile): For l-[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5- methoxyphenyl)-2-(ιS)-methylpiperazm- 1 -yl]-2-pyrazolo[3 ,4-b]pyridine-2-ylethanone; LCMS (ES) M+H 418.5, Rf 2.00 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 0C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile). Example 7
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(lS)-methyl-piperazin-l-yl]-2- (3-oxazol-2-yl-pyrazolo[3,4-ό]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000054_0001
[0127] Preparation of l-[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(39-methyl-piperazin- l-yl]-2-(3-iodo-pyrazolo[3,4-&]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone: This compound was synthesized according to the synthetic procedure outlined in Example 6.
[0128] Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(5^-methyl-piperazin-l- yl]-2-(3-oxazol~2-yl-pyrazolo[3,4-&]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone: To a solution of oxazole (40 μL, 0.54 mmol, 3 equiv) in tetrahydrofuran (1 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere, was added dropwise n-butyl lithium (2.5 M in Hexane, 220 μL, 0.54 mmol, 3 equiv.). The resultant mixture was stirred at -78 °C for an additional 30 min followed by the addition OfZnCl2 (0.5M in THF, 1.5 mL, 0.72 mmol, 4 equiv.). The reaction solution was allowed to warm to
0 0C and stirred 1 hr followed by the addition of l-[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)- 2-(S^-methyl-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-iodo-pyrazolo[3,4-6]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone (100.2 mg, 0.18 mmol, 1 equiv) and palladium tetrakis(triρhenylρhosphine) (22.3 mg, 0.018, 0.1 equiv). The reaction mixture was then heated to reflux for 48 hr, cooled to room temperature and diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL). The reaction mixture was washed with water (20 mL), brine (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to provide the crude product. Purification by preparative HPLC provided the desired product 1 -[4-(4-chloro-2- fluoro-5-methoxy-ρhenyl)-2-fιS)-methyl-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-oxazol-2-yl-pyrazolo[3,4- %yridin-l-yl)-ethanone as a white powder (38.5 mg): LCMS (ES) M+H 485.5, Rf 2.56 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 0C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1 % formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile). Example 8
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4-6]pyridine- 1-ylethanone and l-[4-(4-chloro-3~methoxyphenyl)piperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4- b] pyridine-2-ylethanone.
Figure imgf000055_0001
[0129] The two title compounds were synthesized according to the synthetic procedure as outlined in Example 6: For l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxyρhenyl)piperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4- έ]pyridine-l-ylethanone; 1H NMR (400 MHz5 CDCl3) δ 8.57 (dd, IH), 8.1 l(s, IH), 8.09 (dd, IH), 7.22(d, IH), 7.17 (dd, IH), 6.49 (d, IH), 6.42 (dd, IH)5 5.44 (s, 2H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.79 (m, 4H), 3.18 (m, 4H); MS (M+H)+: 386.5: For l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxyρhenyl)ρiρerazin- l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[354-6]pyridine-2-ylethanone; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.65 (dd, IH), 8.12(s, IH), 8.02 (dd, IH), 7.20(d, IH), 7.03 (dd, IH), 6.45 (d, IH), 6.40 (dd, IH), 5.35 (s, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.87 (m, 2H), 3.79 (m, 2H), 3.15 (m, 4H); MS (M+H)+: 386.5.
Example 9 Synthesis of 1 iϊ-Pyr azolo [4,3-c] pyridine
Figure imgf000055_0002
[0130] lH-Pyrazolo[4,3-c]ρyridine was prepared according to the procedure outlined in Example 1.
Example 10 Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-('*S)-methylpiperazin-l-yl]-2- pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-l-yl-ethanone and l-[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)-2- (S>-methylpiperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridme-2-yl-ethanone.
Figure imgf000056_0001
[0131] The two title compounds were synthesized according to the procedure as outlined in Example 6. For l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-(^-methylρiperazin-l-yl]-2- ρyrazolo[4,3-c]ρyridine-l-yl-ethanone: LCMS (ES) M+H 418.5, Rf 1.74 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 0C, Iml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile): For l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5- methoxyphenyl)-2-(2^-methylpiperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-2-yl-ethanone; LCMS (ES) M+H 418.5, Rf 1.69 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 0C, Iml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile).
Example 11
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4- e]pyridine-l-yl-ethanone and l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-2-yl-ethanone.
Figure imgf000056_0002
[0132] The two title compounds were synthesized according to the procedure outlined in Example 6: For l-[4-(4-chloro-3-memoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4- φyridine-l-yl-ethanone; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 9.02 (s, IH), 8.34 (d, IH), 8.09 (d, IH), 7.63 (dd, IH), 7.22 (d, IH), 6.48 (d, IH)5 6.42 (dd, IH), 5.38 (s, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.79 (m, 4H), 3.14 (m, 4H) MS (M+H)+, 386.5: For l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-ρhenyl)-piρerazin- l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-2-yl-ethanone; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ) 9.22 (s, IH), 8.13 (d, IH), 8.10 (d, IH), 7.50 (dd, IH), 7.19 (d, IH)5 6.45 (d, IH), 6.39 (dd, IH), 5.37 (s, 2H)5 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.76 (m, 4H), 3.14 (m, 4H). MS (M+H)+, 386.5. Example 12
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridin-l-yl-ethanone and l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l- yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl-ethanone.
Figure imgf000057_0001
[0133] The two title compounds were synthesized according to the procedure outlined in Example 6. For l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazoto[3,4- b]ρyridin-l-yl-ethanone: LCMS (ES) M+H, 404.5, R/2.14 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 °C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1 % formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1 % formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile): For l-[4~(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin- l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl-ethanone; LCMS (ES) M+H, 404.5, Rf 1.76 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 °C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1 % formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile).
Example 13
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(iS)-methyl-piperazin-l-yl]-2- (3-thiazol-2-yl-pyrazolo[3,4-6]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000057_0002
[0134] The title compound was synthesized according to the procedure outlined in Example 6: LCMS (ES) M+H 501.5, R/2.82 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 0C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile). Example 14 Synthesis 3-pyiϊd-2-yl-liir-pyrazolo[3,4-6]pyridine.
Figure imgf000058_0001
[0135] The title compound was synthesized according to the procedure outlined in Example 2.
Example 15
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(S|)-methyl-piperazhi-l-yl]-2- (3-pyridin-2-yl-pyrazolo[3,4-^]pyridin-l-yI)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000058_0002
[0136] The title compound was synthesized according to the procedure outlined in Example 6: LCMS (ES) M+H 495.54, Rf 2.73 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 0C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile).
Example 16
Synthesis of 3-Chloro-l-ET-pyrazolo[3,4-ό]pyridine.
Figure imgf000058_0003
[0137] Ii7-pyrazolo[3,4-έ>]pyridine (89 mg) and TV-chlorosuccinimide (220 mg) were combined in CH2Cl2 (4 niL) and heated at 45 °C for 16 hr, then cooled to room temperature. The resultant mixture was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 50% hexane/ethyl acetate) to afford 3-chloro-l#-pyrazolo[3,4-έ]pyridine.
Example 17
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-chloropyrazolo[3,4- 6]pyridin-l-yl)ethanone.
Figure imgf000059_0001
[0138] The title compound was synthesized according to the procedure outlined in Example 6: LCMS (ES) M+H 420.5, R/2.37 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 0C, ϊml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 5 0.1 % formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1 % formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile).
Example 18 Synthesis of 3-Methyl-lff-ρyrazoIo[3,4-Z>]pyridine
|T<V'CN MeMgBr >r "CI
Figure imgf000059_0002
.0 [0139] To a solution of 2-chloro-3-cyanopyridine (139 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) at 0 0C was added dropwise a solution of MeMgBr (3M in ether, 0.67 mL). The resultant mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 hr. The reaction solution was cooled to 0 °C and to it was added aqueous HCl solution (2M, 5 mL). The reaction solution was then stirred an additional 16 hr at room temperature and then neutralized by the addition of
5 saturated sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solution. The reaction solution was filtered to remove any precipitates and the filtrate was washed with ethyl acetate (3 x 10 mL) and aqueous brine (NaCl) solution (10 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 3-acetyl-2-chloropyridine as a yellow powder which was used without further purification. The title compound (3-Methyl-lH-
:0 pyrazolo[3,4-ό]pyridine) was synthesized from 3-acetyl-2-chloropyridine according to the procedure outlined in Example 2.
Example 19
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-methylpyrazolo[3,4- #]pyridin-l-yl)ethanone.
Figure imgf000059_0003
[0140] The title compound was synthesized according to the procedure outlined in Example 6: LCMS (ES) M+H 400.5, R/2.12 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 0C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile).
Example 20
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyIpiperazin-l-yl]-2-(3- methylpyrazolo[3,4-6]pyridin-l-yl)ethanone.
Figure imgf000060_0001
[0141] The title compound was synthesized according to the procedure outlined in Example 6: LCMS (ES) M+H 432.5, R/2.42 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 °C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A== 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile).
Example 21
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-pyridin-2-yl- pyrazolo[3,4-#]pyridin-l-yl)ethanone.
Figure imgf000060_0002
[0142] The title compound was synthesized according to the procedure outlined in Example 6: LCMS (ES) M+H 463.5, R/2.32 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 °C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile). Example 22
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-l-yI]-2-(3-thiazol-2-yl- pyrazolo[3,4-#]pyridin-l-yl)ethanone.
Figure imgf000061_0001
[0143] The title compound was synthesized according the procedure outlined in Example 6: LCMS (ES) M+H 469.5, R/2.43 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1 50 mm, 5μ, 35 °C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetόnitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile).
Example 23
Synhesis of 2-(3-Aminopyrazolo[3,4-^]pyridm-l-yl)-l-[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5- methoxyphenyl)-2-methyIpiperazin-l-yl]ethanone.
Figure imgf000061_0002
[0144] lH-Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-ylamine (67 mg), 2-Chloro-l-[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5- methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-piperazin-l-yl]-ethanone (167 mg) and K2CO3 (414 mg) were combined in DMF (1 mL) and heated at 80 °C for 2 hr, then cooled to room temperature. The resultant mixture was purified by preparative HPLC to provide 2-(3-Aminopyrazolo[3,4- έ]pyridin- 1 -yl)- 1 -[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpiperazin- 1 -yljethanone as a yellow powder. LCMS (ES) M+H 433.5, R/2.06 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 °C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile).
Example 24
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-oxazol-2-yl- ! pyrazolo [3,4-Z>]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000062_0001
Nlglshl.
Figure imgf000062_0002
[0145] The title was synthesized according to the procedure outlined in Example 7: LCMS (ES) M+H 453.5, R/2.20 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 0C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile).
Example 25 Synthesis of 3-Fluoro-lϋT-pyrazolo[3,4-£]pyridine.
Figure imgf000062_0003
[0146] The title was synthesized according to the procedure outlined in Example 5 using SelectFluor™ (1 -Chloromethyl-4-fluoro- 1 ,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate)) as the electrophile.
Example 26
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-ChIoro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yI]-2-(3-fluoro-pyrazolo[3,4- £]pyridin-l-yi)~ethanone.
Figure imgf000062_0004
[0147] The title compound was synthesized according to the procedure outlined in Example 6: LCMS (ES) M+H 404.5, R/2.27 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 0C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1 % formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.08% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile). Example 27
Synthesis of l-{2-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyI)-piperazm-l-yl]-2-oxo-ethyl}-liy- pyrazoIo[3,4-£]pyridme-3-carbonitriIe.
Figure imgf000063_0001
[0148] l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-iodo-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone (128 mg) and CuCN (112 mg) were combined in iV-methylpyridone (NMP) (1 mL) and heated at 165 0C for 16 hr, then cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was purified on preparative HPLC to afford l-{2-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-ρhenyl)- piperazin-l-yl]-2-oxo-ethyl}-lH"-pyrazolo[3,4-ά]pyridine-3-carbonitrile as a white powder: LCMS (ES) M+H 411.5, Rf 2.33 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 0C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile).
Example 28 Synthesis of lϋT-pyrazolo[4,3-£]pyridine.
Figure imgf000063_0002
[0149] l//-pyrazolo[4,3-έ]pyridine was synthesized according to the procedure outlined in Example 4: LCMS (ES) M+H 120.3.
Example 29
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)piperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[4,3-^]pyridine- l-yl-ethanone and l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)piperazin-l-yI]-2-pyrazolo[4,3-
£]pyridine-2-yl-ethanone.
Figure imgf000063_0003
[0150] The two title compounds were synthesized according to the procedure outlined in Example 6: For l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)pipera2in-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[4,3-b]ρyridine- 1-yl-ethanone; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSCW6) δ 8.71 (dd, IH), 8.26 (s, IH), 8.04 (dd, IH),
7.36 (dd, IH), 7.20 (d, IH), 6.69 (d, IH), 6.51 (dd, IH), 5.57 (s, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.73 (m, 2H), 3.59 (m, 2H), 3.31 (m, 2H), 3.19 (m, 2H). LCMS (ES) M+H 386.5 , Rf 1.84 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1x50 mm, 5μ, 350C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile). For l-[4-(4-chloro-3- methoxy-phenyl)piperazin-l-yl]-2-pyrazolo[4,3-έ]pyridine-2-yl-ethanone; H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.55 (d, IH), 8.34 (s, IH), 7.99 (d, IH), 7.19 (m, 2H), 6.44 (d, IH), 6.40 (dd,
IH), 5.34 (s, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.77 (m, 2H), 3.72 (m, 2H), 3.13 (m, 4H). LCMS (ES) M+H 386.5, Rf 1.69 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1x50 mm, 5μ, 35°C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile).
Example 30
Synthesis of 2-(3-Chloro-pyrazolo[3,4-£]pyridine-2-yl)-acetic acid.
Figure imgf000064_0001
[0151] Preparation of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl-acetic acid ethyl ester: This compound was synthesized according to the procedure outlined in Example 6, using chloro-acetic acid ethyl ester in place of 2-Chloro-l-[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-^- methylpiperazin-l-yl]ethanone.
[0152] Preparation of (3~Chloro-pyrazolo[3,4-6]pyridin-2-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester: To a solution of pyrazolo[3,4-6]pyridin-2-yl-acetic acid ethyl ester 57 (40.2 mg, 0.2 mmol, 1 equiv) in 1 mL of dichloromethane was added NCS (32.7 mg, 1.2 mmol, 1.2 equiv). The resultant mixture was heated at 70 0C for 30 min., cooled to room temperature, and diluted with 100 mL of dichloromethane. The organic solution was washed with 50 mL of saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution, and 50 mL of brine. The organic layer was separated and dried over sodium sulfate. Evaporation of solvent in vacuo gave 46.7 mg of (3-chloro- pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester as yellow solid.
[0153] Synthesis of 2-(3-Chloro-pyrazolo[3,4-b]ρyridine-2-yl)-acetic acid: (3-Chloro- ρyrazolo[3,4-&]pyridin-2-yl)~acetic acid ethyl ester was treated with IN lithium hydroxide (LiOH) (1 equiv) in 1 mL of MeOH to provide 2-(3-Chloro-pyrazolo[3,4-£]pyridine~2-yl)- acetic acid, which was used as directly in subsequent reactions without further purification:
LCMS(ES) M+H 212.0, Rf 0.34 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1x50 mm, 5μ, 35 0C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1 % formic acid / 5% water / 94.9% acetonitrile).
Example 31
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chIoro-3-methoxy-phenyl)piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-chloro-pyrazolo[3,4- £]pyridine-2-yl)-ethanone.
B3N ^
Figure imgf000065_0001
r.t.
Figure imgf000065_0002
[0154] The title compound was synthesized according to standard amide formation conditions using 2-(7-Aza- 1 H-benzotriazole- 1 -yl)- 1 , 1 ,3 ,3 -tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU) as the coupling reagent: LCMS(ES) M+H 420.4, Rf 2.17 min
(Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1x50 mm, 5μ, 35 0C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A = 0.1 % formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water / 94.9% acetonitrile.
Example 32 Synthesis of 2-(Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl-7-oxide)-acetic acid.
Figure imgf000065_0003
[0155] Preparation of 2-(Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl~7-oxide)-acetic acid ethyl ester: To a solution of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl-acetic acid ethyl ester (205.4 mg, 1 mmol, 1 equiv) in
10 mL of dichloromethane at 0 0C, was added meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (røCPBA)
(345.3 mg, 1.5 mmol, 1.5 equiv). The resultant mixture was allowed to warm to room 5 temperature, and the reaction was stirred overnight. 1 mL of pyridine was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was stirred for another 30 min before the solvent was removed to provide a residue. The residue was diluted with 200 mL of dichloromethane, and washed with 1 N NaOH aqueous solution (10 mL x 2), brine (20 mL). The organic layer was separated and dried over sodium sulfate. Evaporation in vacuo gave 2-(pyrazolo[3,4- 0 b]pyridin-l-yl-7-oxide)-acetic acid ethyl ester as pale yellow solid, which was used without further purification: LCMS(ES) M+H 222.4, Rf 1.48 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35 °C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water / 94.9% acetonitrile.
5 [0156J Synthesis of 2-(Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl-7-oxide)-acetic acid: 2-(pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridin-l-yl-7-oxide)-acetic acid ethyl ester was treated with IN LiOH (1 equiv) in 1 mL of methanol (MeOH) to provide 2-(Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl-7-oxide)-acetic acid:
LCMS(ES) M+H 194.2, Rf 0.22 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1x50 mm, 5μ, 35°C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A = 0 0.1 % formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1 % formic acid / 5% water / 94.9% acetonitrile
Example 33 Synthesis of l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)piperazin-l-yl]-2-(pyrazolo[3,4-
&]pyridin-l-yl-7-oxide)-ethanoiie.
Figure imgf000066_0001
!5
[0157] The title compound was prepared according to standard amide formation conditions as described in Example 43 using HATU as the coupling reagent: LCMS(ES) M+H 402.5,
Rf 1.54 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1x50 mm, 5μ, 35 0C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water / 94.9% acetonitrile.
Example 34
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(6-methyl- pyrazolo[3,4-£]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000067_0001
alkylation
Figure imgf000067_0002
[0158] 2-chloro-3-cyano-6-picoline was reduced by diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL- H) following a literature procedure (Baker et. al, J. Org. Chem., 1980, 45, 1354-1362.) followed by the hydrazine condensation protocol as described in Example 1 to provide the corresponding 6-Methyl-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, which was then subjected to the alkylation protocol in described in Example 6 to provide title compound as a white powder: LCMS (ES) M+H 400.5, Rf 2.161 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 350C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B, A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile).
Example 35
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(6-methyl-pyrazoIo[3,4- b] pyridine-2-yl)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000067_0003
[0159] Preparation of (6-methyl-pyrazolo[3,4-έ]pyridine-2-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester: To a solution of lH-6-methyl-pyrazolo[3,4-έ]pyridine (1 mmol, 1 eq.) in 3 mL of THF was added
NaH (1.5 mmol, 1.5 eq.) portion by portion at 0 0C under nitrogen. The resultant mixture was stirred at 0 0C for 10 minutes followed by the slow addition of 2-chloro ethyl acetate (excess) at 0 0C. The resultant mixture was slowly to warmed to it, and stirred for another 2 h. To the reaction mixture was added saturated NH4CI aq. solution, and aqueous mixture was extracted with 300 mL of EtOAc. The organic extract was separated and washed with sat. sodium bicarbonate aq. solution, brine solution, filtered and dried over sodium sulfate. The organic solvent was removed in vacuo, and the crude residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to provide 50.2 mg desired product: HPLC retention time = 0.78 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1 % formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 220.1, found =220.4.
[0160] Preparation of (6-methyl-pyrazolo[3,4-Z>]pyridine-2-yl)-acetic acid: This compound was synthesized according to standard ester hydrolysis protocol as described in Example 30 using IN LiOH as the base. The isolated product was used in the next step without purification.
[0161] Synthesis of 1 -[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l -yl]-2-(6-methyl- pyrazolo[3,4-6]pyridine-2-yl)-ethanone: The title compound was synthesized according to standard peptide coupling protocol using HATU as the coupling reagent: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.04 (s, IH), 7.96 (d, IH), 7.20 (d, IH), 6.95 (d, IH), 6.45(d, IH), 6.40 (dd, IH), 5.29 (s, 2H), 3.92 (m, 2H), 3.88(s, 3H), 3.78 (m, 2H), 3.13 (m, 4H). LCMS observed for (M+H)+: 400.5.
Example 36
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-ChIoro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-morpholin-4-yl- pyrazolo[3,4-#]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone.
, . 80 °C
Figure imgf000068_0001
Figure imgf000068_0002
[0162] A mixture of l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-iodo- pyrazolo[3,4-Z>]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone (102.4 mg), morpholine (0.20 mL), Xantphos (35 mg), Pd2(dba)3 (18.3 mg) and Cs2CO3 (97 mg) in THF (1 niL) was heated to 80 °C for 12 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, diluted by EtOAc (3 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica, Hexane/EtOAc) to provide the title compound as a white powder: LCMS (ES) M+H 471.6, Rf 2.043 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 350C5 lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B, A : 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile).
Example 37
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyI)-2-(S)-methyl-piperazin-l-yl]-2- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-l-yl-ethanone.
[0163] The title compound was synthesized following the alkylation protocol as described in Example 6: LCMS (ES) M+H 418.4, Rf 2.055 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B, A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.08% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile).
Example 38
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(6-oxy-pyrazolo[3,4- e]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000069_0002
[0164] A mixture of 6-azaindazole (119 mg), H2O2 (0.2 mL) in acetic acid (5 mL) was heated to 60 0C for 2 h. The resultant mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was dissolved in EtOAc (10 mL), washed with sat. aqueous NaHCO3 solution (3 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The crude product (the N-oxide) was subjected to the alkylation protocol as described in Example 6 to provide the title compound as a white powder: LCMS (ES) M+H 402.4, Rf 2.147 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 350C, lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B, A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile).
Example 39
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(4-chloro-pyrazolo[4,3- c]pyridine-2-yl)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000070_0001
[0165] Preparation of lif-4-chloro-pyrazolo[4,3-c]ρyridine: To a mixture of 2-chloro-4- 10 iodopyridine-3-carbaldehyde (6.24 mmol, 1 eq.) and 5 mL of ethanol was added 4mL of hydrazine (excess), the resultant mixture was stirred at rt for 6 h. The reaction solution was concentrated in vacuo, and the crude residue was diluted with 50 mL of water, and extracted with 500 mL of dichloromethane. The organic layer was then washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to provide a crude residue. To the crude 5 residue was dissolved with 10 mL of dichloromethane and stirred for 5 minutes. The precipitated solids were isolated by filtration, washed with 2 mL of dichloromethane, and dried in vacuo to provided 350.2 mg of lH"-4-chloro-pyrazolo[4,3,c]pyridine: HPLC retention time = 0.44 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% 0 B (A = 0.1 % formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1 % formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expected = 154.0, found -154.3.
[0166] Synthesis of 1 -[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin- 1 -yl]-2-(4-chloro- pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-2-yl)-ethanone: Using lH"-4-chloro-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine, the title compound was synthesized according to alkylation protocol in Example 6: 1H NMR (400 >5 MHz, CDCl3) δ.8.18 (d, IH), 7.31(dd, IH), 7.21 (d, IH), 6.47 (d, IH), 6.42 (dd, IH)5 5.28 (s, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.77 (m, 4H), 3.14 (m, 4 H). LCMS observed for (M+H)+: 420.4. Example 40
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chIoro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(4-iodo-pyrazolo[4,,3- c]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone and l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yI]-2-(4- iodo~pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridme-2-yl)-ethanone.
\—ι Cl
Figure imgf000071_0001
Figure imgf000071_0002
[0167] Preparation of l//~4-iodo-pyrazolo[3,4,Z>]pyridine: To a mixture of 2-chloro-4- iodopyridine-3-carbaldehyde (6.24 mmol, leq.) and 5 mL of ethanol was added 4mL of hydrazine (excess), the resultant mixture was stirred at rt for 6 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and crude residue was diluted with 50 mL of water, and extracted with 0 500 mL of dichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentration in vacuo to provide a crude residue. To this residue was added 10 mL of dichloromethane, the resultant mixture was stirred for 5 minutes which resulted in the precipation of the undesired cyclization isomer (lH-4-dύoro- pyrazolo[4,3,c]pyridine) which was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated in 5 vacuo, and purified be by silica gel column (35% acetone in hexane to 50% acetone in hexane) to provide 250.0 mg of lH-4-iodo-ρyrazolo[3,4,&]pyridine with a purity around 85%, which was used without further purification: ΗPLC retention time = 1.22 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 350C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1 % formic acid / 5% acetonitrile /
>0 94.9% water, B = 0.1 % formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+Η expect = 246.0, found =246.1.
[0168] Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(4-iodo- pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine- 1 -yl)-ethanone and 1 -[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin- 1 - yl]-2-(4-iodo-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-2-yl)-ethanone: The title compounds were synthesized 5 according to the standard alkylation procedure described in Example 6. For l-[4-(4-chloro-3- methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(4-iodo-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone: ΗPLC retention time = 2.50 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 350C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 512.0, found =512.4; For l-[4-(4-chloro-3- methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(4-iodo-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-2-yl)-ethanone: HPLC retention time = 2.23 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 350C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 512.0, found =512.4
Example 41
Synthesis of l~[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(4-methylsulfonyl- pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000072_0001
[0169] A mixture of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(4-iodo- pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone (0.1 mmol, 1 eq.), CuI (0.3 mmol, 3 eq.) and NaSO2Me (0.3 mmol, 1 eq.) in 1 niL of DMSO was heated at 80 0C for 2 h. The reaction solution was cooled to rt, and diluted with 20 mL of sat. NH4CI aq. solution and 200 mL of EtOAc. The diluted mixture was stirred vigorously for 2 h. The organic layer was then separated, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide the crude product. Purification by HPLC provided 40.2 mg desired product: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.76 (d, IH), 8.49(d, IH), 7.65 (d, IH), 7.23 (d, IH), 6.50 (d, IH), 6.44 (dd, IH), 5.53 (s, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.79 (m, 4H), 3.22 (m+s, 4H+3H). LCMS observed for (M+H)+: 464.4.
Example 42
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-amidomethyl- pyrazolo[3,4-Z>]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000073_0001
[0170] Preparation of (3-methyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-l-yl)acetic acid ethyl ester: This compound was synthesized following the alkylation protocol similar to the one described in Example 6: HPLC retention time = 2.06 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 0% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 220.1, found =220.4.
[0171] Preparation of [3-(bromomethyl)-pyrazolo[3,4-b]ρyridine-l -yl)acetic acid ethyl ester: A mixture of (3-methyl-pyrazolo[3,4-έ]pyridine-l-yl)ethyl acetate (2.5 mmol, 1 eq.), NBS (3.0 mmol, 1.2 eq.), and benzoly peroxide (0.05 mmol, 0.02 eq.) in 10 mL of CCl4 was refϊuxed for 1.5 h. The resultant mixture was cooled to rt, and diluted with 500 mL of EtOAc. The resultant solution was then washed with 100 mL of sat. sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution, brine solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (20% EtOAc in hexane to 35% EtOAc in hexane) to provide 450.2 mg of the desired product:
HPLC retention time = 2.50 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 0% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 298.0, found =298.3.
[0172] Preparation of (3-azido-pyrazolo[3,4-£]pyridine-l-yl)acetic acid ethyl ester: A mixture of (3-(bromomethyl)-pyrazolo[3,4-&]pyridine-l-yl)acetic acid ethyl ester (0.5 mmol, 1 eq.) and sodium azide (1 mmol, 2 eq.) in 1 mL of DMF was heated at 80 0C for 1 h. The resultant mixture was cooled to rt, diluted with 150 mL of EtOAc, washed with water (40 mL X 3), brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The solvent was removed in vacuo to provide 135.2 mg desired product: HPLC retention tune = 1.84 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 261.1, found =261.4.
[0173] Preparation of [3-(azidomethyl)-pyrazolo[3,4-6]pyridine-l-yl)acetic acid: This compound was synthesized according to standard hydrolysis protocol as described in Example 30 using 1 N LiOH: HPLC retention time = 1.94 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 350C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 0% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 233.1, found =233.4.
[0174] Preparation of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-azidomethyl- pyrazolo[3,4-6]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone: This compound was synthesized according to standard peptide coupling procedure as described below in Examle 43 using HATU as the coupling reagent: HPLC retention time = 2.36 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-C 18, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1 % formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 441.2, found =441.5.
[0175] Synthesis of 1 -[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin- 1 -yl]-2-(3-amidomethyl- pyrazolo[3,4-έ]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone: To a solution of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)- piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-azidomethyl-pyrazolo[3,4-&]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone (0.21 mmol, 1 eq.) in 2 mL of THF was added dropwise at rt a solution of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine HCl salt in 0.5 mL of water. The resultant mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min. The reaction solution was concentrated in vacuo, and the crude residue was diluted with 150 mL of dichloromethane, washed with 25 mL of water, brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed in vacuo, and the crude residue was purified by HPLC to provide 26.2 mg final product: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.17 (dd, IH), 8.15(dd, IH), 7.22 (d, IH), 7.12 (dd, IH), 6.50 (d, IH), 6.44 (dd, IH), 5.40 (s, 2H), 4.25 (s, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.77 (m, 4H), 3.19 (m, 4H). LCMS observed for (M+H)+: 416.4.
Example 43
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyI)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-sulfonic acid-methyl- pyrazolo[3,4-#]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000075_0001
[0176] Preparation of [3 -(sulfonic acid-methyl)-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-l-yl]acetic acid ethyl ester: A mixture of (3-(bromomethyl)-pyrazolo[3,4-έ]pyridine-l-yl)acetic acid ethyl ester (0.13 mmol, 1 eq.) and sodium sulfite (1.8 mmol, excess) in a mixture of 1 mL of DMF and 0.5 mL of water was heated at 800C for one hour. The resultant solution was cooled to rt, and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was extracted with 1:1 MeOH : CH2CI2 (30 mL X 3). The combined organic extracts were dried in vacuo, and the crude residue was used without further purification: HPLC retention time = 1.63 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-C 18, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 0% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 300.1, found =300.5.
[0177] Preparation of [3-(sulfonic acid-methyl)-pyrazolo[3,4-&]pyridine-l-yl]acetic acid: This compound was synthesized according to standard hydrolysis protocol as described in Example 30 using 1 N LiOH as the base. The crude product was used without further purification.
[0178] Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-sulfonic acid- methyl-pyrazolo[3,4-έ]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone: A mixture of sulfonic acid (100.2 mg, contain lots of inorganic salt), iH"-¥-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)piperazine 2x HCl salt (0.37 mmol, excess), and HATU (0.37 excess) was suspended in 3 mL of pyridine, stirred at rt for 3 h. The pyridine solvent was removed in vacuo, and the crude residue was extracted with dichloromethane (10 mL X 3). The organic extracts were removed, and the crude residue was purified by HPLC to provide 10 mg of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-ρhenyl)- piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-sulfonic acid-methyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone: HPLC retention time = 0.28 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 350C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 480.1, found =480.5.
Example 44
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(5-chloro-pyrazolo[3,4- ό]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000076_0001
[0179] Preparation of (3-iodo-5-chloro-ρyrazolo[3,4-δ]pyridine-l-yl)acetic acid ethyl ester: To a solution of (3-iodo-5-pyrazolo[3,4-ό]pyridine-l-yl)acetic acid ethyl ester (0.61, leq.) in 2 mL of DMF was added N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) (0.73, 1.2 eq.) as a solid. The resultant mixture was heated at 70 0C for 3 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt, and diluted with 250 mL of EtOAc. The diluted mixture was then washed with water (100 mL X 3), brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (15% EtOAc to 75% EtOAc in hexane) to provide 100.4 mg white solid as final product: HPLC retention time = 2.48 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 365.9, found =366.3.
[0180] Preparation of (3-iodo-5-chloro-pyrazolo[3,4-δ]pyridine-l-yl)acetic acid: This compound was synthesized according to standard hydrolysis procedure as described in
Example 30 using IN LiOH: HPLC retention time = 1.78 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 350C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1 % formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 337.9, found =337.9. [0181] Preparation of 1 -[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin- 1 -yl]-2-(3-iodo-5- chloro-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone: The title compound was synthesized according to standard peptide coupling protocol as described in Example 43 using HATU as the coupling reagent: HPLC retention time = 2.71 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 350C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 546.0, found =546.4.
[0182] Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(5-chloro- pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone: To a solution of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)- piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-iodo-5-chloro-pyrazolo[3,4-5]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone (0.037 mmol, 1 eq.) in 1.5 mL of dichloromethane under a nitrogen atmosphere cooled to -40 C, was added dropwise, 30 μl of 2.0 M solution of isopropyl magnesium chloride (0.056 mmol, 1.5 eq.) in THF. The resultant mixture was for 30 minutes at -40 0C followed by dropwise addition of an ammonium chloride aqueous (aq) solution at low temperature. The reaction solution was warmed to rt, diluted with 200 mL of EtOAc, washed with 50 mL of water, brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by HPLC to provide 5 mg final product: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.44 (d, IH), 8.05(m, IH), 7.23 (d, IH), 6.50 (d, IH), 6.43 (dd, IH), 5.42 (s, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.76 (m, 4H), 3.20 (m, 4H). LCMS observed for (M+H)+: 421.1.
Example 45
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(4-chloro-pyrazolo[3,4- <flpyrimidine-l-yl)-ethanone and l-[4-(4-chloro~3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(4- chloro-pyrazolo[3,4-</]pyriniidine-2-yl)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000077_0001
[0183] Preparation of lH-4-chloro-pyrazolo[3,4-<i]pyrimidine: This compound was synthesized according to standard hydrazine cyclization protocol as described in Example 1 : HPLC retention time = 0.36 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 0% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 155.0, found =155.0.
[0184] Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piρerazin-l-yl]-2-(4-chloro- pyrazolo[3,4-^pyrimidme-l-yl)-ethanone and l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin- l-yl]-2-(4-chloro-pyrazolo[3,4-<i]pyrimidine-2-yl)-ethanone: These compounds were synthesized using lH-4-chloro-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine following the alkylation procedure as described in Example 6: For l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy~phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(4- chloro-ρvrazolo[3,4-φyrimidine-l-yl)-ethanone; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.76 (s, IH), 8.22 (s, IH)5 7.22 (d, IH), 6.54 (d, IH), 6.44 (dd, IH), 5.41 (s, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.77 (m, 4H), 3.23 (m, 4H), LCMS observed for (M+H)+: 421.1: For l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy- phenyl)-piρerazin-l-yl]-2-(4-chloro-pyrazolo[3,4-J]pyrimidine-2-yl)-ethanone; HPLC retention time = 1.70 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 350C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 421.1, found =421.1.
Example 46
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyI)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(4-methoxy- pyrazolo[3,4-(flpyriniidine-l-yl)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000078_0001
[0185] To a solution of 1 -[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l -yl]-2-(4-chloro- pyrazolo[3,4-(f]pyrimidine-l-yl)-ethanone (0.024 mmol, 1 eq.) in 1 mL of MeOH was added solid potassium carbonate (excess), the resultant mixture was heated at 70 0C for 30 minutes, then filtered and dried under vacuum. The crude product was purified by HPLC to provide the desired product as a white powder: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.90 (s, IH), 8.07 (s, IH), 7.22 (d, IH), 6.50 (d, IH), 6.44 (dd, IH), 5.29 (s, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.81 (m, 4H), 3.19 (m, 4H), 2.25 (s, 3H). LCMS observed for (M+H)+: 418.9. Example 47
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yI]-2-(6-chIoro-pyrazolo[3,4- £]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone and l-[4-(4-chIoro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(6- chloro-pyrazolo[3,4~Z>]pyridine-2-yl)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000079_0001
[0186] Preparation of (2,6-dichloro-3-pyridinyl)methanol: To a solution of 2,6-dichloro-3- nicotic acid (9 mmol, 1 eq.) in 10 mL of dry THF at 0 0C, was added NaBH4 (27 mmol, 3 eq.) portion by portion under nitrogen atmosphere. After the evolution of hydrogen gas subsided (which is observed as bubbling in the reaction mixture), BF3OMe2 (27 mmol, 3 eq.) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture at 0 0C. The resultant mixture was stirred at 0 0C for 20 minutes followed by the slow addition of sat. NH4CI aq. solution. The reaction solution was then warmed to rt, and extracted with 300 mL of EtOAc, and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide a white solid, which was used in subsequent reaction without further purification: HPLC retention time = 0.71 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 178.0, found =178.0.
[0187] Preparation of 2,6-dichloro-3-formylpyridine: To a solution of the above alcohol (2 mmol, 1 eq.) in 10 mL of dichloromethane was added potassium carbonate (excess) as a solid, and Dess-Martin periodinate (2 mmol, 1 eq.) at rt. The resultant mixture was stirred at rt for 30 minutes. A 5% sodium thiosulfate aq. solution was added to the reaction mixture and the resultant mixture was stirred for another 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was extracted with 300 mL of EtOAc, and the organic layer was washed with 50 ml of 5% sodium thiosulfate aq. solution, Sat. sodium bicarbonate aq. solution, brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. Evaporation of solvent in vacuo to provide 200.1 mg of the desired product as a white solid: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 10.37 (s, IH), 8.17(d, IH)5 7.42 (d, IH).
[0188] Preparation of 6-choloro-pyrazolo[3,4-&]pyridine: To a solution of 2,6-dichloro-3- formylpyridine (0.89 mmol, 1 eq.) in 3 ml THF was added hydrazine (1.06 mmol, 1.2 eq.) at rt. The resultant solution was heated at 120 0C in sealed tube for overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo, and the residue was dry loaded on silica gel column. Purification by silica gel chromatography provide 29.5 mg final product: HPLC retention time = 2.17 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 0% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1 % formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 154.0, found =154.0.
[0189] Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l -yl]-2-(6-chloro- pyrazolo[3,4-έ]ρyridme-l-yl)-ethanone and l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piρerazin-l- yl]-2-(6-chloro-pyrazolo[3,4-6]pyridine-2-yl)-ethanone: The two title compounds were synthesized according to the standard coupling procedure described in Example 6: For l-[4- (4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(6-chloro-pyrazolo[3,4-5]pyridine-l-yl)- ethanone; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 6 8.08 (s, IH), 8.01(d, IH), 7.25 (d, IH), 7.16 (d, IH), 6.50(d, IH), 6.45 (dd, IH), 5.40 (s, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.77 (m, 4H), 3.23 (m, 4H). LCMS observed for (M+H)+: 420.5: For l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(6- chloro-pyrazolo[3,4-6]pyridine-2-yl)-ethanone: HPLC retention time = 1.66 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile). LCMS observed for (M+H)+: 420.5.
Example 48
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(6-azido-pyrazolo[3,4- £?]pyridme-l-yl)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000081_0001
[0190] Preparation of lH-6-hydrazo-pyrazolo[3,4-<^pyridine: To a solution of 2,6- dichloro-3-pyridinecarbaldehyde in 2 mL of dioxane was added excess amount of hydrazine.
The resultant solution was heated at 150 0C overnight. Upon cooling to rt, the desired product precipitated out of solution as a white solid. The crude product was isolated by filtration, washed with a small amount of dioxane, and dried in vacuo. The crude product was used without further purification: HPLC retention time = 1.78 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 350C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 337.9, found =337.9.
[0191] Preparation of lH-6-azido-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridine: lH"-6-hydrazo-pyrazolo[3,4- djpyάdinβ was suspended into a mixture of 5 mL of concentrated HCl and 10 mL of water at
0 0C, and to it was added dropwise a solution of sodium nitrate in 5 mL of water. The resultant mixture was stirred at 0 0C for 10 min and warmed to rt. The reaction mixture was neutralized to pH=7~8, and extracted with (200 mL X 2) EtOAc. The combined organic extract was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide the desired product which was used without further purification: HPLC retention time = 0.50 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 350C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A - 0.1 % formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 161.0, found =160.8.
[0192] Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-ρhenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(6-azido- pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone: The title compound was synthesized according to alkylation protocol described in Example 6: HPLC retention time = 2.22 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 427.1, found =427.1.
Example 49
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(6-amido-pyrazolo[3,4- &]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000082_0001
[0193] To a solution of 1 -[4~(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin- 1 -yl]-2-(6-azido- pyrazolo[3,4-6]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone (0.071 mmol, 1 eq.) in 1 mL of EtOAc was added
SnCl2^H2O as a solid. The resultant mixture was heated at 40 0C for 2 h. The resultant mixture was cooled to rt and diluted with 200 mL of EtOAc and 50 mL of Sat. sodium bicarbonate aq. solution. The diluted mixture was stirred for an additional 1 h, before the organic layer was separated, washed with brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed in vacuo, and the residue was purified by HPLC to provide 10 mg title compound: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.86 (s, IH), 7.74(d, IH), 7.24 (d, IH), 7.20 (d, IH), 6.45(d, IH), 6.39 (dd, IH), 5.16 (s, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.89 (m, 4H), 3.13 (m, 4H). LCMS observed for (M+H)+: 401.1.
Example 50
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(7-amino-pyrazolo[3,4- c]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone.
I^ MmH
Figure imgf000082_0003
Figure imgf000082_0002
S βnCI21 EtOAo
Figure imgf000082_0005
Figure imgf000082_0004
[0194] Preparation of 7-hydrazo-ρyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine: To a solution of 2-chloro-3- fluoro-4-formylpyridine (5.75 mmol, 1 eq.) in 20 mL of THF was added 1 mL of hydrazine (excess). The resultant solution was heated at 110 0C in sealed tube for 5 h. The reaction was cooled to rt and solvent was removed in vacuo. The crude residue was washed several times with hexane, EtOAc, and dried in vacuo to provide a light yellow solid, which was used without further purification: HPLC retention time = 0.20 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 350C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1 % formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 150.1, found =150.0.
[0195] Preparation of 7-azido-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine: This compound was synthesized according to protocol described in Example 48: HPLC retention time = 0.26 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 161.0, found =160.9.
[0196] Preparation of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(7-azido- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-2-yl)-ethanone: This compound was synthesized according to protocol described in Example 6: HPLC retention time = 2.43 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB- C18, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 350C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 427.1, found =427.2.
[0197] Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-ρhenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(7-amino- pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone: The title compound was synthesized according to the procedure outlined in Example 49: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.86 (s, IH), 7.74(d, IH), 7.24 (d, IH), 7.20 (d, IH), 6.45(d, IH), 6.39 (dd, IH), 5.16 (s, 2H)3 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.89 (m, 4H), 3.13 (m, 4H). LCMS observed for (M+H)+: 401.1.
Example 51
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-[3-(oxazole-2yl)- pyrazolo[3,4-£]pyridine-2-yl]-ethanone.
Figure imgf000084_0001
[0198] Preparation of (3-iodo-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-2-yl)acetic acid ethyl ester: To a solution of 3-Iodo-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine (4 mmol, 1 eq.) in 10 mL of dry THF was added dropwise 0.5 M KHMDS (potassium hexamethyldisilazide) in toluene (4.4 mmol, 1.1 eq.) at -780C, under nitrogen atmosphere, and the resultant solution was stirred at for 30 minutes at -78°C. Chloro ethyl acetate (8 mmol, 2eq.) was added dropwise to the reaction solution and the reaction solution was warmed to rt over 1.5 hour and stirred overnight. Following an aqueous workup, the crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (20% EtOAc in hexane to 70% EtOAc in hexane) to provide 70.2 mg of (3-iodo- pyrazolo[3,4-&]pyridine-2-yl)acetic acid ethyl ester: HPLC retention time = 2.63 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.08% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 332.0, found =332.1. [0199] Preparation of (3-iodo-pyrazolo[3,4-Z/Jpyridine-2-yl)acetic acid: This compound was synthesized according to the standard ester hydrolysis protocol as described in Example 30 using IN LiOH as the base. The crude product was used in the next step without purification: HPLC retention time = 1.02 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1 % formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.08% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 303.0, found =303.5.
[0200] Preparation of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-iodo- pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-2-yl)-ethanone: This compound was synthesized according to standard peptide coupling protocol using HATU as the coupling reagent: HPLC retention time = 297 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.08% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 512.0, found =512.5. [0201] Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-[3-(oxazole-2yl)- pyrazolo[354-b]pyridine-2-yl]-ethanone: To a mixture of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)- piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-iodo-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-2-yl)-ethanone (0.071 mmol, leq.) and tetrakis triphenylphosphine palladium (0.025 mmol, 0.35 eq.) under nitrogen atmosphere was added 0.5 mL of THF and 2-oxazole-(tri-n-butyl)Tin (0.48 mmol, 6.7 eq.). The resultant mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 80 0C for 48 h. The reaction solution was cooled to rt, diluted with 30 mL OfNH4Cl sat. aq. solution, and extracted with 300 mL of EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (0% to 15% MeOH in EtOAc) to provide 12.3 mg the title compound: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.77 (dd, IH), 8.51(dd, IH), 7.81 (d, IH), 7.22 (m, 3H), 6.52(d, IH), 6.48 (dd, IH), 6.01 (s, 2H), 3.9 0(s, 3H), 3.80 (m, 4H), 3.27 (m, 4H). LCMS observed for (M+H)+: 453.5.
Example 52
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(5-amino-pyrazolo[3,4- #]pyridine-l-yl]-ethanone.
Figure imgf000085_0001
[0202] Preparation of 3-methyl-5-nitro-ρyrazolo[3,4-6]pyridine: 3-Methyl-pyrazolo[3,4- δjpyridine (1 mmol, 1 eq.) was suspended into a mixture of 1 : 1 fuming nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid (1 mL :1 mL), and the resultant mixture was heated at 90 0C for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was then cooled to rt, and poured into a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and ice. The resultant solution was warmed up to rt and extracted with 300 mL of EtOAc. The organic extract was separated, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to provide 70.2 mg of 3-methyl-5-nitro-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine.
[0203] Preparation of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(5-nitro- pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-l-yl]-ethanone: This compound was synthesized from 3-methyl-5- nitro-pyrazolo[3,4-&]pyridine according to the alkylation protocol described in Example 6: HPLC retention time = 1.46 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 350C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ ■ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 445.1, found =445.1.
[0204] Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro~3-memoxy-phenyl)-ρiperazin-l-yl]-2-(5-amino- pyrazolo[3,4-&]pyridine-l-yl]~ethanone: l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]- 2-(5-nitro-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-l-yl]-ethanone (15 mg) is combined with 200 mg of iron powder in 2 mL of acetic acid at 100 0C for 30 min. After cooling to rt, the reaction solution was diluted with EtOAc and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and purified by HPLC to provide l-[4-(4-chloro-3-memoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l~yl]-2-(5-amino- pyrazolo[3,4-6]pyridine-l-yl]-ethanone: HPLC retention time = 1.46 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1 % formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 414.2, found =415.1.
Example 53
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-[3-amino-6-methyl- pyrazolo[3,4-£]pyridine-l-yl]-ethanone.
Figure imgf000086_0001
[0205] Preparation of lH"-3-amino-6-methyl-pyrazolo[3,4-(f]pyridine: This compound was synthesized according to the cyclization procedure using hydrazine described in Example 3 and the crude product was used in the next step without further purification.
[0206] Synthesis of 1 -[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin- 1 -yl]-2-[3-amino-6- methyl-pyrazolo[3,4-6]pyridine-l-yl]-ethanone: This compound was synthesized according to the standard coupling procedure described in Example 6: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) 7.75 (d, IH), 7.22 (d, IH), 6.86 (d, IH), 6.48 (d, IH), 6.42(dd, IH), 5.18 (s, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.75 (m, 4H), 3.16 (m, 4H), 2.62 (s, 3H). LCMS observed for (M+H)+: 415.5. Example 54
Synthesis of l-[(S)-4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-piperazin-l-yI]-2- (3-[l,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl) ethanone.
Figure imgf000087_0001
[0207] Preparation of l-[(S)-4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-piperazin- l-yl]-2-(3-iodo-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl)-etlianone: A mixture of 2-Chloro-l-[(S)-4-(4- chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-ρhenyl)-2-methyl-piperazin-l-yl]-ethanone (1.37 g, 4:08 mmol, 1 eq), 3-Iodo-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine (1.0 g, 4.08 mmol, 1 eq), potassium carbonate (2.26 g, 16.4 mmol, 4 eq), and DMF (15 ml) was stirred overnight at 90 0C. The reaction solution was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography to provide l-[(S)-4-(4- Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-iodo-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone (2.2 g).
[0208] Preparation of l-{2-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(S)-methyl- piperazin- 1 -yl] -2-oxo-ethyl } - 1 H-pyrazolo [3 ,4-b]pyridine-3 -carbonitrile: A mixture of 1 - [(S)-4-(4-Chloro-2-fiuoro-5 -methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-piperazin- 1 -yl] -2-(3 -iodo- pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone (2.2 g, 4.0 mmol, 1 eq), CuCN (3.6 g, 40 mmol, 10 eq), and DMF (25 ml) was stirred at 175 °C for 1 hrs. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt, diluted with ethyl acetate and filtered. The filtrate was washed with water, dried over Na2SO4, and purified by flash chromatography to provide 1 - {2-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5- methoxy-phenyl)-2-(S)-methyl-piperazin-l-yl]-2-oxo-ethyl}-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3- carbonitrile (1.6 g).
[0209] Preparation of 1 - {2-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-piperazin- l-yl]-2-oxo-ethyl}-N-hydroxy-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carboxamidine: A mixture of l-{2-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(S)-methyl-piperazin-l-yl]-2-oxo-ethyl}- lH-ρyrazolo[354-b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (1.6 g, 3.6 mmol, 1 eq), NH2OH-HCl (0.84 g, 10.8 mmol, 3 eq), TEA (1.5 ml), and ethanol (10 ml) was stirred at 65 0C overnight. The reaction solution was concentrated in vacuo, and dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with brine, and concentrated to provide l-{2-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-ρhenyl)-2-methyl-piperazin- l-yl]-2-oxo-ethyl}-N-hydroxy-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carboxamidine ( 1.2 g).
[0210] Preparation of 1 -[(S)-4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-piperazin-l -yl]- 2-(3-[l ,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone: A mixture of 1 - {2-[4-(4- Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-ρiperazin- 1 -yl]-2-oxo-ethyl} -N-hydroxy-1 H- pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carboxamidine ( 1.2 g), trimethyl orthoformate (20 ml) and para- toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) (0.1 g) was stirred at 100 0C overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to provide a crude residue which was purified by flash chromatography to provide l-[(S)-4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy"phenyl)-2-methyl-piρerazin-l- yl]-2-(3-[l,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone ( 0.7 g). LCMS Retention time: 2.61 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 350C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile). LCMS observed for (M+H)+: 486.
Example 55
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-cyano-pyrazolo[3,4- 6]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone.
Et3N
Figure imgf000088_0002
Figure imgf000088_0001
[0211] A solution of 1 -[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin- 1 -yl]-2-(3-cyano- pyrazolo[3,4-Z?]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone (0.15 mmol, 1 eq.) and hydroxyl amine HCl salt (0.45 mmol, 3 eq.) in 2.5 mL of EtOH was heated at 60 0C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was dissolved with 200 mL of dichloromethane, washed with 50 mL of 5% K2CO3 aq. solution, brine solution, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide the desired product as a white solid: HPLC retention time = 1.61 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 444.1, found =444.5.
Example 56
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyI)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-[3-(oxadiazole-3-yl)- pyrazoIo[3,4-Z>]pyπdme-l-yi]-ethanone.
Figure imgf000089_0001
[0212] To a suspension of (0.067 mmol, 1 eq.) of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy~phenyl)- piρerazm-l~yl]~2-(3-cyano-pyrazolo[3,4-&]ρyridine-l-yl)-ethanone in 2 mL of trimethylorthoformate was added camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) (5.0 mg, catalytic amount). The resultant mixture was heated at 50 0C for 10 minutes and cooled to rt. The reaction solution was concentration in vacuo to provide a crude residue which was purified by HPLC chromatography to provide 20.0 mg of the title compound: 1H NMR (400 MHz5 CDCl3) δ 8.83 (s, IH), 8.62(dd, IH), 7.35 (dd, IH), 7.22 (d, IH), 6.51 (d, IH), 6.44 (dd, IH), 5.59 (s, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.79 (m, 4H), 3.23 (m, 4H). LCMS observed for (M+H)+: 454.5.
Example 57
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-[3-(5-methyl- oxadiazole-3-yl)-pyrazolo[3,4-6]pyridine-l-yl]-ethanone.
Figure imgf000089_0002
[0213] The title compound was synthesized according to the cyclization procedure using trimethylorthoacetate as described in Example 56: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.61 (dd, IH), 7.31(dd, IH), 7.22 (d, IH), 6.54 (d, IH), 6.42 (dd, IH), 5.57 (s, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.77 (m, 4H), 3.21 (m, 4H), 2.69 (s, IH). LCMS observed for (M+H)+: 468.5.
Example 58
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazhi-l-yl]-2-(6-acetimido- pyrazolo[3,4-&]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000090_0001
[0214] l-[4-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piρerazin-l-yl]-2-(6-amido-ρyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone, acetic anhydride (1.2 equiv) and pyridine (3 equiv) was combined in DCM at rt for 30 min: HPLC retention time = 1.82 minutes (Agilent Zorbax SB-Cl 8, 2.1X50 mm, 5μ, 35°C) using lml/min flow rate, a 2.5 minute gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 minute wash at 100% B (A = 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.08% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile); MS (ES) M+H expect = 443.1, found =442.8.
Example 59
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-chIoro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-methylsulfonyl- pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-l-yl)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000090_0002
[0215] The title compound was synthesized from l-[4-(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)- piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-iodo-pyrazolo[3,4-δ]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone according to the protocol described in Example 41 : 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8.65 (d, IH), 8.48 (d, IH), 7.39 (dd, IH), 7.22 (d, IH), 6.51 (s, IH), 6.44(d, IH), 5.53 (s, 2H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.78 (m, 4H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.22 (m, 4H), LCMS observed for (M+H)+: 415.0.
Example 60
Synthesis of l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-oxazol-2- yl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone.
Figure imgf000090_0003
DMF
Figure imgf000090_0004
[0216] Preparation of Ethyl (3-Iodo-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl)-acetate: To a mixture of 3-iodo-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine (9.8 g, 40 rnmol, 1 equiv) and potassium, carbonate (27.6 g, 5 equiv) in 15 mL of DMF at 90 0C was added ethyl chloroacetate (8.5 mL, 40 mmol, 1 equiv). Two hours later, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate followed by washing with saturated aqueous NaHCO3. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to provide the crude product. Purification of the crude product by flash chromatography gave ethyl (3-Iodo-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl)-acetate (Hg).
[0217] Preparation of (3-iodo-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl)-acetic acid: Ethyl (3-Iodo- pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl)-acetate (11 g, 33 mmol, 1 equiv) was dissolved in 50 mL of THF and 50 mL of MeOH to the solution was added 40 mL of IN LiOH for 3h. The organic solvents were evaporated and the remaining aqueous phase was neutralized with IN HCl to a pH of about 1 which resulted in the precipitation of the desired product as a white solid was filtered and air dried to give (3-iodo-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl)-acetic acid.
[0218] Preparation of l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3- iodo-2-yl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone: A mixture of (3-iodo-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridin-l-yl)-acetic acid (3.03 g, 10 mmol, 1 equiv), l-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy- phenyl)-piperazine (2.45 g, 1 equiv), BOP reagent (4.86 g, 1 equiv), triethylamine (4.2 mL, 3 equiv) in 10 mL of MF was stirred at rt overnight. To the reaction mixture was then added water and the solid precipitates were removed by filtration and air dried to give l-[4-(4- Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin- 1 -yl]-2-(3-iodo-2-yl-pyrazolo[3 ,4-b]pyridin- 1 - yl)-ethanone. LCMS (ES) observed for M+H 530.0.
[0219] Synthesis of 1 -[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-ρhenyl)-piρerazin- 1 -yl]-2-(3- oxazol-2-yl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone: To a solution of oxazole (690 mg 10 mmol, 2.5 equiv) in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere, was added dropwise n-butyl lithium (2.5 M in Hexane, 4.8 mL, 3 equiv.). The resultant mixture was stirred at -78 0C for an additional 60 min followed by the addition of ZnCl2 (0.5 M in THF, 32 mL, 4 equiv.). The reaction solution was allowed to warm to 0 0C and stirred 1 h followed by the addition of l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-iodo-2-yl- pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone (2.12 g, 4 mmol, 1 equiv) and palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) (462 mg, 0.1 equiv).' The reaction mixture was then heated to reflux for 12 hr, cooled to room temperature and diluted with ethyl acetate. The reaction mixture was washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to provide the crude product. Purification by flash chromatography provided of the desired product l-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-(3-oxazol-2-yl- pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-l-yl)-ethanone as a white powder (1,03 g). LCMS (ES) observed for M+H 471.1. HPLC retention time = 2.4 min (Agilent Zorbax SB-C18, 2.1 x 50 mm, 5μ, 35 0C, lmL/min flow rate, a 2.5 min gradient of 20% to 100% B with a 1.1 min wash at 100% B; A= 0.1% formic acid / 5% acetonitrile / 94.9% water, B = 0.1% formic acid / 5% water/ 94.9% acetonitrile).
Example 61
[0220] This example illustrates the the evaluation of the biological activity associated with compounds of interest (candidate compounds) of the invention.
MATERIALS AND METHODS A. CeUs
1. CCRl expressing cells
a) THP-I cells
[0221] THP-I cells were obtained from ATCC (TIB-202) and cultured as a suspension in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine, 1.5 g/L sodium bicarbonate, 4.5 g/L glucose, 10 mM HEPES, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 0.05% 2-mercaptoethanol and 10% FBS. Cells were grown under 5% CO2/95% air, 100% humidity at 370C and subcultured twice weekly at 1 :5 (cells were cultured at a density range of 2 x 105 to 2 x 106 cells/mL) and harvested at 1 x 106 cells/mL. THP-I cells express CCRl and can be used in CCRl binding and functional assays. b) Isolated human monocytes
[0222] Monocytes were isolated from human buffy coats using the Miltenyi bead isolation system (Miltenyi, Auburn, CA). Briefly, following a Ficoll gradient separation to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells, cells were washed with PBS and the red blood cells lysed using standard procedures. Remaining cells were labeled with anti-CD14 antibodies coupled to magnetic beads (Miltenyi Biotech, Auburn, CA). Labeled cells were passed through AutoMACS (Miltenyi, Auburn, CA) and positive fraction collected. Monocytes express CCRl and can be used in CCRl binding and functional assays. B. Assays
1. Inhibition of CCRl ligand binding
[0223] CCRl expressing cells were centrifuged and resuspended in assay buffer (20 mM HEPES pH 7.1, 140 mM NaCl, 1 mM CaCl2, 5 mM MgCl2, and with 0.2% bovine serum albumin) to a concentration of 5 x 106 cells/mL for THP-I cells and 5 x 105 for monocytes. Binding assays were set up as follows. 0.1 mL of cells (5 x 105 THP-I cells/well or 5 x 104 monocytes) was added to the assay plates containing the compounds, giving a final concentration of ~2-10 μM each compound for screening (or part of a dose response for compound IC50 determinations). Then 0.1 mL of I labeled MIP-Ia (obtained from Perkin Elmer Life Sciences, Boston, MA) or 0.1 mL of 125I labeled CCLl 5/leukotactin (obtained as a custom radiolabeling by Perkin Elmer Life Sciences, Boston, MA) diluted in assay buffer to a final concentration of ~50 pM, yielding -30,000 cpm per well, was added (using 125I labeled MIP- lα with THP-I cells and 125I labeled CCLl 5/leukotactin with monocytes), the plates sealed and incubated for approximately 3 hours at 4°C on a shaker platform. Reactions were aspirated onto GF/B glass filters pre-soaked in 0.3% polyethyleneimine (PEI) solution, on a vacuum cell harvester (Packard Instruments; Meriden, CT). Scintillation fluid (40 μl; Microscint 20, Packard Instruments) was added to each well, the plates were sealed and radioactivity measured in a Topcount scintillation counter (Packard Instruments). Control wells containing either diluent only (for total counts) or excess MIP-I α or MIP-I β (1 μg/mL, for non-specific binding) were used to calculate the percent of total inhibition for compound. The computer program Prism from GraphPad, Inc. (San Diego, Ca) was used to calculate IC50 values. IC50 values are those concentrations required to reduce the binding of labeled MIP-I α to the receptor by 50%. . (For further descriptions of ligand binding and other functional assays, see Dairaghi, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 274:21569-21574 (1999), Penfold, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96:9839-9844 (1999), and Dairaghi, et al,. J. Biol. Chem. 272:28206-28209 (1997)).
2. Calcium mobilization
[0224] To detect the release of intracellular stores of calcium, cells (THP-I or monocytes) were incubated with 3 μM of INDO-I AM dye (Molecular Probes; Eugene, OR) in cell media for 45 minutes at room temperature and washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). After INDO-IAM loading, the cells were resuspended in flux buffer (Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) and 1% FBS). Calcium mobilization was measured using a Photon Technology International spectrophotometer (Photon Technology International; New Jersey) with excitation at 350 nm and dual simultaneous recording of fluorescence emission at 400 nm and 490 nm. Relative intracellular calcium levels were expressed as the 400 nm/490 nm emission ratio. Experiments were performed at 37°C with constant mixing in cuvettes each containing 106 cells in 2 mL of flux buffer. The chemokine ligands may be used over a range from 1 to 100 nM. The emission ratio was plotted over time (typically 2-3 minutes). Candidate ligand blocking compounds (up to 10 μM) were added at 10 seconds, followed by chemokines at 60 seconds (i.e., MIP-I α; R&D Systems; Minneapolis, MN) and control chemokine (i.e., SDF- lα; R&D Systems; Minneapolis, MN) at 150 seconds.
3. Chemotaxis assays
[0225] Chemotaxis assays were performed using 5 [va. pore polycarbonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated filters in 96-well chemotaxis chambers (Neuroprobe; Gaithersburg, MD) using chemotaxis buffer (Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) and 1% FBS). CCRl chemokine ligands (i.e., MIP-Ia, CCL15/Leukotactin; R&D Systems; Minneapolis, MN) are use to evaluate compound mediated inhibition of CCRl mediated migration. Other chemokines (i.e., SDF-I α; R&D Systems; Minneapolis, MN) are used as specificity controls. The lower chamber was loaded with 29 μl of chemokine (i.e., 0.1 nM CCL15/Leukotactin) and varying amounts of compound; the top chamber contained 100,000 THP-I or monocyte cells in 20 μl. The chambers were incubated 1-2 hours at 370C, and the number of cells in the lower chamber quantified either by direct cell counts in five high powered fields per well or by the CyQuant assay (Molecular Probes), a fluorescent dye method that measures nucleic acid content and microscopic observation.
C. Identification of inhibitors of CCRl
1. Assay
[0226] To evaluate small organic molecules that prevent the receptor CCRl from binding ligand, an assay was employed that detected radioactive ligand (i.e, MIP-I α or CCL15/Leukotactin) binding to cells expressing CCRl on the cell surface (for example, THP-I cells or isolated human monocytes). For compounds that inhibited binding, whether competitive or not, fewer radioactive counts are observed when compared to uninhibited controls.
[0227] THP-I cells and monocytes lack other chemokine receptors that bind the same set of chemokine ligands as CCRl (i.e., MlP-lα, MPIF-I, Leukotactin, etc.). Equal numbers of cells were added to each well in the plate. The cells were then incubated with radiolabeled MIP- lα. Unbound ligand was removed by washing the cells, and bound ligand was determined by quantifying radioactive counts. Cells that were incubated without any organic compound gave total counts; non-specific binding was determined by incubating the cells with unlabeled ligand and labeled ligand. Percent inhibition was determined by the equation:
% inhibition = (1 - [(sample cpm) - (nonspecific cpm)]/[(total cpm) - (nonspecific cpm)]) x 100.
2. Dose Response Curves
[0228] To ascertain a candidate compound's affinity for CCRl as well as confirm its ability to inhibit ligand binding, inhibitory activity was titered over a 1 x 10"10 to 1 x 10"4 M range of compound concentrations. In the assay, the amount of compound was varied; while cell number and ligand concentration were held constant.
3. CCRl functional assays
[0229] CCRl is a seven transmembrane, G-protein linked receptor. A hallmark of signaling cascades induced by the ligation of some such receptors is the pulse-like release of calcium ions from intracellular stores. Calcium mobilization assays were performed to determine if the candidate CCRl inhibitory compounds were able to also block aspects of CCRl signaling. Candidate compounds able to inhibit ligand binding and signaling with an enhanced specificity over other chemokine and non-chemokine receptors were desired.
[0230] Calcium ion release in response to CCRl chemokine ligands (i.e., MlP-lα, MPIF-I, Leukotactin, etc.) was measured using the calcium indicator INDO-I . THP-I cells or monocytes were loaded with INDO-1/AM and assayed for calcium release in response to CCRl chemokine ligand (i.e., MIP- lα) addition. To control for specificity, non-CCRl ligands, specifically bradykinin, was added, which also signals via a seven transmembrane receptor. Without compound, a pulse of fluorescent signal will be seen upon MIP- lα addition. If a compound specifically inhibits CCRl -MIP- lα signaling, then little or no signal pulse will be seen upon MIP-I α addition, but a pulse will be observed upon bradykinin addition. However, if a compound non-specifically inhibits signaling, then no pulse will be seen upon both MIP-I α and bradykinin addition.
[0231] One of the primary functions of chemokines is their ability to mediate the migration of chemokine receptor-expressing cells, such as white blood cells. To confirm that a candidate compound inhibited not only CCRl specific binding and signaling (at least as determined by calcium mobilization assays), but also CCRl mediated migration, a chemotaxis assay was employed. THP-I myelomonocytic leukemia cells, which resemble monocytes, as wells as freshly isolated monocytes, were used as targets for chemoattraction by CCRl chemokine ligands (i.e., MIP-I α, CCL15/leukotactin). Cells were place in the top compartment of a micro well migration chamber, while MIP- 1 α (or other potent CCRl chemokine ligand) and increasing concentrations of a candidate compound was loaded in the lower chamber. In the absence of inhibitor, cells will migrate to the lower chamber in response to the chemokine agonist; if a compound inhibited CCRl function, then the majority of cells will remain in the upper chamber. To ascertain a candidate compound's affinity for CCRl as well as to confirm its ability to inhibit CCRl mediated cell migration, inhibitory activity was titered over a 1 x 10"10 to 1 x 10"4 M range of compound concentrations in this chemotaxis assay. In this assay, the amount of compound was varied; while cell number and chemokine agonist concentrations were held constant. After the chemotaxis chambers were incubated 1-2 hours at 370C, the responding cells in the lower chamber were quantified by labeling with the CyQuant assay (Molecular Probes), a fluorescent dye method that measures nucleic acid content, and by measuring with a Spectrafluor Plus (Tecan). The computer program Prism from GraphPad, Inc. (San Diego, Ca) was used to calculate IC50 values. IC5O values are those compound concentrations required to inhibit the number of cells responding to a CCRl agonist by 50%. 4. In Vivo Efficacy
a) Rabbit model of destructive joint inflammation
[0232] To study the effects of candidate compounds on inhibiting the inflammatory response of rabbits to an intra-articular injection of the bacterial membrane component lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a rabbit model of destructive joint inflammation is used. This study design mimics the destructive joint inflammation seen in arthritis. Intra-articular injection of LPS causes an acute inflammatory response characterized by the release of cytokines and chemokines, many of which have been identified in rheumatoid arthritic joints. Marked increases in leukocytes occur in synovial fluid and in synovium in response to elevation of these chemo tactic mediators. Selective antagonists of chemokine receptors have shown efficacy in this model (see Podolin, et al., J. Immunol. 169(ll):6435-6444 (2002)).
[0233] A rabbit LPS study is conducted essentially as described in Podolin, et al. ibid,, female New Zealand rabbits (approximately 2 kilograms) are treated intra-articularly in one knee with LPS (10 ng) together with either vehicle only (phosphate buffered saline with 1% DMSO) or with addition of CCX- 105 (dose 1 = 50 μM or dose 2 = 100 μM) in a total volume of 1.0 mL. Sixteen hours after the LPS injection, knees are lavaged and cells counts are performed. Beneficial effects of treatment were determined by histopathologic evaluation of synovial inflammation. Inflammation scores are used for the histopathologic evaluation: 1 - minimal, 2 - mild, 3 - moderate, 4 - moderate-marked.
b) Evaluation of a candidate compound in a rat model of collagen induced arthritis
[0234] A 17 day developing type II collagen arthritis study is conducted to evaluate the effects of a candidate compound on arthritis induced clinical ankle swelling. Rat collagen arthritis is an experimental model of polyarthritis that has been widely used for preclinical testing of numerous anti-arthritic agents (see Trentham, et al., J. Exp. Med. 146(3):857-868 (1977), Bendele, et al., Toxicologic Pathol. 27:134-142 (1999), Bendele, et al., Arthritis Rheum. 42:498-506 (1999)). The hallmarks of this model are reliable onset and progression of robust, easily measurable polyarticular inflammation, marked cartilage destruction in association with pannus formation and mild to moderate bone resorption and periosteal bone proliferation. [0235] Female Lewis rats (approximately 0.2 kilograms) are anesthetized with isoflurane and injected with Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant containing 2 mg/mL bovine type II collagen at the base of the tail and two sites on the back on days 0 and 6 of this 17 day study. A candidate compound is dosed daily in a sub-cutaneous manner from day 0 till day 17 at a efficacious dose. Caliper measurements of the ankle joint diameter were taken, and reducing joint swelling is taken as a measure of efficacy.
[0236] In the table below, structures and activity are provided for representative compounds described herein. Activity is provided as follows for either the chemotaxis assay or binding assay as described above: +, IC50 > 12.5 uM; ++, 2500 nM < IC50 < 12.5 uM; +++, 1000 nM < IC50 < 2500 nM; and ++++, IC50 < 1000 nM.
Table 2
Figure imgf000098_0001
Table 2 (cont'd.)
Figure imgf000099_0001
Table 2 (cont'd.)
Figure imgf000100_0001
Table 2 (cont'd.)
Figure imgf000101_0001
Table 2 (cont'd.)
Figure imgf000102_0001
Table 2 (cont'd.)
Figure imgf000103_0001
Table 2 (cont'd.)
Figure imgf000104_0001
Table 2 (cont'd.)
Figure imgf000105_0001
Table 2 (cont'd.)
Figure imgf000106_0001
Table 2 (cont'd.)
Figure imgf000107_0001

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS;
1. A compound having a formula selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000108_0001
Ia Ib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or N-oxide thereof, wherein R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, -CO2R3, -S(O)3Ra, -X1CO2R8, -X1SO2R3, -X1S(O)3R8, -X1OR3, -CORa, -CONRaRb, -X1NR3R5, -X1NR3COR13, -X1CONR3R5, X1S(O)2NR3R5, X1S(O)2R3, -OR8, -NRaRb, -NRaCORb, -CONRaRb, -NR3S(O)2R5, -S(O)2NR3R", -S(O)2R3, -X1COR3, X1CONR3R5, and -X1NR3S(O)2R5, wherein X1 is C1-4 alkylene and each Ra and Rb is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, Ci-8 haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl, or optionally Ra and R5 when attached to the same nitrogen atom are combined to form a 3- to 7- membered ring having from 0-2 additional heteroatoms as ring members; and wherein the aliphatic portions of each of said R1 substituents is optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR"1, -OC(O)NHR"1, -OC(O)N(Rm)2, -SH, -SRm, -S(O)R"1, -S(O)2R"1, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR"1, -S(O)2N(R^)2, -NHS(O)2R"1, -NR111S(O)2R111, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR"1, -C(O)N(Rm)2, -C(O)R"1, -NHC(O)R1", -NRmC(0)Rm, -NHC(O)NH2, -NRmC(O)NH2, -NRmC(0)NHRm, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -NHC(=NRm)NH2, -NRmC(=NRm)N(Rm)2, -NRmC(=NRm)NH(Rm), -NHC(=NRm)NH(Rm), -NHC(=NRm)N(Rm)2, -NHC(=NH)N(Rm)2, -NHC(=NH)NH(Rm), -C(=NH)NH2, -C(=NRm)NH2, -C(=NRm)N(Rm)2, -C(=NRm)NH(Rm), -NHC(O)NHR"1, -NRmC(0)N(Rm)2, -NHC(0)N(Rm)2, -CO2H, -CO2R"1, -NHCO2R"1, -NRmC02Rm, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR"1, -N(Rm)2, -NRmS(0)NH2 and -NRmS (O)2NHR1", wherein each Rm is independently an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl;
R2a, R2° and R2d are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, aryl, heteroaryl, -NO2, -CO2RC, -C0NRcRd, -C(O)RC, -S(O)R6, - S(O)2R6, -S(O)3R0, -Re, -C(N0R°)Rd, -C(NR0V)=NV, -N(V)C(R°)=NV, -X2C(NOR°)Rd, -X2C(NR0V)=NV, -X2N(V)C(R°)=NV, -X2NR°Rd, -X2SR0, - X2CN5 -X2NO2, -X2CO2R0, -X2CONR°Rd,-X2C(O)R0,-X2OC(O)NR°Rd, - X2NRdC(O)R°, -X2NRdC(O)2Re, -X2NR°C(O)NR°Rd, -X2NH-C(NH2)=NH, -X2NReC(NH2)=NH, -X2NH-C(NH2)=NRe, -X2NH-C(NHRe)=NH, -X2S(O)R6, - X2S(O)2R6, -X2NR0S(O)2R6, -X2S(O)2NR°Rd, -X2N3, -OR0, -SR0, -NRdC(0)Rc, - NRdC(O)2Re, -X2S(O)3R0, -S(O)2NR°Rd 5 -X2OR0, -0-X2OR0, -X2NR°Rd, -O-X2NR°Rd, -NRd-X2CO2R°, -NR°-C(0)NR°Rd, -NH-C(NH2)^NH, -NReC(NH2)=NH, -NH-C(NH2)=NRe, -NH-CONTHR^NH, -NReC(NHRe)=NH, -NRβC(NH2)=NRe, -NH-C(NHR>NRe, -NH-C(NReR6)=NH, NR0S(O)2R6, -NRcC(S)NR°Rd, -X2NR°C(S)NR°Rd, -X2OC(O)R0,-O-X2CONR°Rd, -OC(O)R0, - NR°Rd, -NRd-X2OR° and -NRd-X2NR°Rd; wherein
within each of R2a, R2c and R2d, X2 is C1-4 alkylene and each R° and Rd is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or optionally, R° and Rd when attached to the same nitrogen atom can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a five or six-membered ring having from O to 2 additional heteroatoms as ring members; and each Re is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and each of R0, Rd and R6 is optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -ORn, -OC(O)NHR", -OC(O)N(Rn)2, -SH, -SRn, -S(O)R", -S(O)2R", -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR", -S(O)2N(R")2, -NHS(O)2R", -NR"S(O)2Rn, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR", -C(O)N(Rn)2, -C(O)R", -NHC(O)R", -NR"C(O)Rn, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NHR", -NHC(O)NHR", -NR"C(0)N(Rn)2, -NHC(0)N(R")2, -CO2H, -CO2R", -NHCO2R", -NRnC02Rn, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHRn, -N(Rn)2, -NR11S(O)NH2 and -NR"S(0)2NHR", wherein each Rn is • independently an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl; and wherein V is independently selected from the group consisting of -R°, -CN, -CO2R6 and -NO2;
each of ring vertices a, b, c and d in formulae Ia and Ib is independently selected from N and C(R3a), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N; and
R3a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -ORf, -OC(O)Rf, -NRfR8, -SRf, -Rh, -CN, -NO2, -CO2Rf, -C0NRfRg, -C(O)Rf, -OC(O)NRfRg, -NRgC(0)Rf, -NRgC(0)2Rh, -NRf-C(0)NRfRg, -NH-C(NH2)=NH, -NRhC(NH2)=NH, -NH-C(NH2)=NRh, -NH-C(NHRh)=NH, -C(=NRf)NRgRh, -S(O)3Rf, -S(O)Rh, -S(O)2Rh, -S(O)3Rh, -NRfS(O)2Rh, -S(O)2NRfRε, -NRfS(O)2Rh 5 -NRfS(O)2NRfRg, -N3, -C(C=NORf)NRfRg, -X3SO3Rf, -X3C(=NRf)NRεRh, -X3ORf, -X3OC(O)Rf, -X3NRfRg 5 -X3SRf, -X3CN, -X3NO2, -X3CO2Rf, -X3CONRfRg, -X3C(O)Rf, -X3OC(O)NRfRg, -X3NRgC(O)Rf, -X3NR8C(O)2R11, -X3NRf-C(O)NRfR8, -X3NH-C(NH2)=NH, -X3NRhC(NH2)=NH, -X3NH- C(NH2)=NRh, -X3NH-C(NHRh)=NH, -X3S(O)R11, -X3S(O)2R11, -X3NRf S(O)2R*1, -X3S(O)2NRfR8, -Y, -X3Y5 -X3N3, -C(O)NRfS(O)Rh, -P=O(ORf)(ORε), -X3C(O)NRfS(O)2Rh, -X3C(O)NRfS(O)Rh and -X3P=O(ORf)(ORg), wherein Y is a five to ten-membered aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl ring, optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -ORf, -NRfRg, -Rh, -SRf, -CN, -NO2, -CO2Rf, -CONRfRε, -C(O)Rf, - NRgC(O)Rf, -S(O)Rh, -S(O)2Rh, -NRfS(O)2Rh, -S(O)2NR1R8, -X3ORf, -X3NRfRg, - X3NRfS(O)2Rh and -X3S(O)2NRfRg, and wherein each X3 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkylene, C2-4 alkenylene and C2-4 alkynylene and each R and Rg is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-Ci-4 alkyl, and aryloxy-d-4 alkyl, or when attached to the same nitrogen atom can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a five or six-membered ring having from 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms as ring members, and each Rh is independently selected from the group consisting OfCi-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-Q-4 alkyl, and aryloxy- Ci-4 alkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions of X3, Rf, Rg and Rh are optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR0, -OC(O)NHR0, -OC(O)N(R°)2, -SH, -SR0, -S(O)R0, -S(O)2R0, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR0, -S(O)2N(R°)2, -NHS(O)2R0, -NR0S(O)2R0, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR0, -C(O)N(R°)2, -C(O)R0, -NHC(O)R0, -NR0C(O)R0, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NHR0, -NHC(O)NHR0, -NR°C(O)N(R°)2, -NHC(0)N(R°)2, -CO2H, -CO2R0, -NHCO2R0, -NR0CO2R0, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR0, -N(R°)2, -NR0S(O)NH2 and -NR0S(O)2NHR0, wherein R0 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl.
2. A compound of claim 1, wherein R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-8 alkyl, Ci-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, -CO2Ra, -X1CO2R3, -X1SO2R3, -X1OR8, -CORa, -CONRaRb, -X1NR3R13, -X1NRaCORb 5 -X1CONR8R*, X1S(O)2NR3R13 and X1S(O)2R8, wherein X1 is Ci-4 alkylene and each Ra and Rb is independently selected from the
< group consisting of hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl, and wherein the aliphatic portions of each of said R1 substituents is optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR"1, -OC(O)NHR"1, -0C(0)N(Rm)2, -SH5 -SRm, -S(O)R"1, -S(O)2R111, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR"1, -S(O)2N(Rm)2, -NHS(O)2R111, -NRmS(O)2Rra, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR"1, -C(0)N(Rm)2, -C(O)Rm, -NHC(O)R111, -NRmC(0)Rm, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR111C(O)NH2, -NRmC(0)NHRm, -NHC(O)NHRm, -NRinC(0)N(Rm)2, -NHC(0)N(Rm)2, -CO2H, -CO2R111, -NHCO2R111, -NRmC02Rra, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHRm, -N(Rm)2, -NR111S(O)NH2 and -NRmS(O)2NHRm, wherein each Rm is independently an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl; R2a, R2° and R2d are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, heteroaryl, -NO2, -CO2RC, -C0NRcRd, -C(O)R0, -S(O)R6, - S(O)2R6, -Re, -C(NOR°)Rd, -C(NR0V)=NV, -N(V)C(R°)=NV, -X2C(N0Rc)Rd, -X2C(NR0V)=NV, -X2N(V)C(R°)=NV, -X2NRcRd, -X2SR0, -X2CN, -X2NO2, -X2CO2R0, -X2CONR°Rd, -X2C(O)R0, -X2OC(0)NR°Rd, -X2NRdC(0)R°, -X2NRdC(O)2Re, -X2NRcC(0)NRcRd, -X2NH-C(NH2)=NH, -X2NReC(NH2)=NH, -X2NH-C(NH2)=NRe, -X^H-CtNHR^NH, -X2S(O)R6, -X2S(O)2R6, -X2NR0S(O)2R6, -X2S(O)2NR°Rd, -X2N3, -OR0, -SR0, -Re, -NRdC(O)R°, -NRdC(0)2Re, -S(O)2R6, -S(0)2NR°Rd, -X2OR0, -0-X2OR0, - X2NR°Rd, -O-X2NR°Rd and -NRd-X2CO2R°; wherein
within each of R2a, R2° and R2d, X2 is C1-4 alkylene and each R° and Rd is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, Ci-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or optionally, R0 and Rd when attached to the same nitrogen atom can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a five or six-membered ring having from O to 2 additional heteroatoms as ring members; and each Re is independently selected from the group consisting OfC1-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and each of R°, Rd and R6 is optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR", -0C(0)NHRn, -OC(O)N(Rn)2, -SH, -SR", -S(O)R", -S(O)2R", -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR11, -S(O)2N(Rn)2, -NHS(O)2R", -NR"S(O)2Rn, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR", -C(O)N(R")2, -C(O)R", -NHC(O)R", -NRnC(O)Rn, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NH2, -NR"C(0)NHR", -NHC(O)NHR11, -NR"C(0)N(R")2, -NHC(0)N(Rn)2, -CO2H, -CO2R", -NHCO2R", -NR11CO2R", -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR", -N(Rn)2, -NR11S(O)NH2 and -NR11S(O)2NHR", wherein each Rn is independently an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl; and wherein V is independently selected from the group consisting of -Rc, -CN, -CO2R6 and -NO2;
each of ring vertices a, b, c and d in formulae Ia and Ib is independently selected from N and C(R3a), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N;
R3a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -0Rf, -OC(O)Rf, -NRfRg, -SRf, -Rh, -CN, -NO2, -CO2Rf, -CONRfRg, -C(O)Rf, -OC(O)NRfR8, -NRgC(O)Rf, -NRgC(O)2Rh, -NRf-C(O)NRfRg, -NH-C(NH2)=NH, -NRhC(NH2)=NH, -NH- C(NH2)=NRh, -NH-C(NHRh)=NH, -S(O)Rh, -S(O)2Rh, -NRfS(O)2Rh, -S(O)2NRfRg, - NRfS(O)2Rh, -NRfS(O)2NRfRg, -N3, -X3ORf, -X3OC(O)Rf, -X3NRfRg, -X3SRf, -X3CN, - X3NO2, -X3CO2Rf, -X3CONRfRg, -X3C(O)Rf, -X3OC(O)NRfRg, -X3NRgC(O)Rf, - X3NR6C(O)2R1*, -X3NRf-C(O)NRfRg, -X3NH-C(NH2)=NH, -X3NRhC(NH2)=NH, -X3NH- C(NH2)=NRh, -X3NH-C(NHRh)=NH, -X3S(O)Rh, -X3S(O)2Rh, -X3NRfS(O)2Rh, -X3S(O)2NRfRg, -Y, -X3Yand -X3N3, wherein Y is a five to ten-membered aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl ring, optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -ORf, -NRfRg, -Rh, -SRf, -CN, -NO2, -CO2Rf, -CONRfRg, -C(O)Rf, -NRgC(O)Rf, -S(O)Rh, -S(O)2Rh, -NRfS(O)2Rh, -S(O)2NRfRg, -X3ORf, - X3NRfRg, -X3NRfS(O)2Rh and -X3S(O)2NRfRg, and wherein each X3 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkylene, C2-4 alkenylene and C2-4 alkynylene and each Rf and Rg is independently selected from hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-Q-4 alkyl, and aryloxy-Cr4 alkyl, or when attached to the same nitrogen atom can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a five or six-membered ring having from 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms as ring members, and each Rh is independently selected from the group consisting of Cj-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-Q-4 alkyl, and aryloxy-Ci-4 alkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions of X3, Rf, Rs and Rh are optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR0, -OC(O)NHR0, -OC(O)N(R°)2, -SH, -SR0, -S(O)R0, -S(O)2R0, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR0, -S(O)2N(R°)2, -NHS(O)2R0, -NR0S(O)2R0, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR0, -C(O)N(R°)2, -C(O)R0, -NHC(O)R0, -NR0C(O)R0, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NHR0, -NHC(O)NHR0, -NR°C(0)N(R°)2, -NHC(0)N(R°)2, -CO2H, -CO2R0, -NHCO2R0, -NR0CO2R0, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR0, -N(R°)2, -NR0S(O)NH2 and -NR0S(O)2NHR0, wherein R0 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl.
I l l
3. A compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein in formula Ib5 wherein when R2a is H5 R2c is chloro, R2d is methoxy, m is O5 a is N5 c is CH or N5 and b and d are CH5 then R3a is other than hydrogen, methyl, unsubstituted 2-ρyridyl5 unsubstituted 2-pyrimidinyl or unsubstituted 2-oxazolyl.
4. A compound of claim 1, wherein each R1 is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of C1-8 alkyl, Ci-8 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, -CO2Ra, -X1CO2R8, -X1SO2R3, -X1S(O)3Ra and -X1OR3, wherein the aliphatic portions of each of said R1 substituents is optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -ORm, -OC(O)NHR111, -OC(O)N(Rm)2, -SH5 -SRm, -S(O)R111, -S(O)2R"1, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR"1, -S(O)2N(Rm)2, -NHS(O)2R"1, -NRmS(O)2Rm 5 -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR"1, -C(O)N(Rm)2, -C(O)R"1, -NHC(O)R"1, -NRmC(0)Rm, -NHC(O)NH2, -NRmC(0)NH2, -NRmC(O)NHRm, -NHC(O)NHR"1, -NRmC(O)N(Rm)25 -NHC(0)N(Rm)2, -CO2H, -CO2R111, -NHCO2R"1, -NRmCO2Rm, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHRm 5 -N(Rm)2, -NRmS(0)NH2 and -NRmS(0)2NHRm, wherein each Rm is independently an unsubstituted C1. 6 alkyl; R2a is a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, heteroaryl, -NO2, -CO2R0, -CONRcRd, -C(O)R0, -S(O)R6, -S(O)2R6, -S(O)3R0, -Re, -C(NOR°)Rd, -C(NR0V)=NV, -N(V)C(RC)=NV, -X2C(N0R°)Rd, -X2C(NR0V)=NV, -X2N(V)C(RC)=NV, -X2NRcRd, -X2SR0, -X2CN5 -X2NO2, -X2CO2R0, -X2C0NR°Rd, -X2C(O)R0, -X2OC(O)NR°Rd, -X2NRdC(0)R°, -X2NRdC(O)2Re, -X2NRcC(0)NR°Rd, -X2NH-C(NH2)^NH, -X2NR6C(NH2)^NH, -X2NH-C(NH2)=NRe, -X2NH-C(NHR>NH, - X2S(O)R6, -X2S(O)2R6, -X2S(O)3R0, -S(O)2NRcRd, -X2S(O)2NR°Rd, -X2NR0S(O)2R6, -X2S(O)2NR°Rd and -X2N3; R and R are each substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -ORC, -SR0, -OC(O)R0, -NR°Rd, -R6, -CN, -NO2, -CO2R0, -C(O)R0, - NRdC(0)R°, -NRdC(O)2R6, -S(O)2R6, -S(0)2NR°Rd, -X2OR0, -0-X2OR0, -X2NR°Rd, -0-X2NRcRd and -NRd-X2CO2Rc; each R3a substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -0Rf, -OC(O)Rf, -NRfRg, -SRf 5 -Rh, -CN5 -NO2, -CO2Rf, -C0NRfRε 5 -C(0)Rf, -0C(0)NRfRg, -NRεC(O)Rf, -NRgC(0)2Rh, -NRf-C(0)NRfRe, -S(O)Rh, -S(O)2Rh, -S(O)3Rh, -NRfS(O)2Rh, -S(0)2NRfRε, -NRfS(0)2NRfRg, -X30Rf, -X3NRfRε, -X3SRf 5 -X3S(O)2R11, -X3S(O)3Rf, -X3S(O)2NRfRε, -X3CN, -C(C=N0Rf)NRfRε, X3SO3Rf, -X3CO2Rf, -X3CONRfRε, -X3C(0)Rf, -X3NRεC(O)Rf, -X3NRgC(O)2Rh, -Y5 -X3Y and X3N3, wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of a five or six-membered aryl ring, a five or six- membered heteroaryl ring and three to eight membered heterocycloalkyl ring, wherein said Y group is optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -ORf, -NRfRg, -Rh, -SRf, -CN5 -NO2, -CO2Rf, -CONRfRg, -C(O)Rf, - NRgC(O)Rf, -S(O)Rh, -S(O)2Rh, -NRfS(O)2Rh and -S(O)2NRfRg 5 and wherein each X3 is independently C1-4 alkylene, and each Rf and Rs is independently selected from hydrogen, C1. s alkyl, Ci-8 haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl, and each Rh is independently selected from the group consisting OfC1-8 alkyl, Ci-8 haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions of X3, Rf, Rg and Rh is optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR0, -OC(O)NHR0, -OC(O)N(R°)2, -SH, -SR0, -S(O)R0, -S(O)2R0, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR0, -S(O)2N(R°)2, -NHS(O)2R0, -NR0S(O)2R0, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR0, -C(O)N(R°)2, -C(O)R0, -NHC(O)R0, -NR0C(O)R0, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NHR0, -NHC(O)NHR0, -NR°C(0)N(R°)2, -NHC(O)N(R°)2, -CO2H, -CO2R0, -NHCO2R0, -NR0CO2R0, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR0, -N(R°)2, -NR0S(O)NH2 and -NR0S(O)2NHR0, wherein each R0 is independently an unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl.
5. A compound of claim 1, wherein the fused six membered ring having vertices a, b, c and d is a fused pyridine, a fused pyrimidine ring, or an N-oxide thereof.
6. A compound of claim 1, wherein the fused six membered ring having vertices a, b, c and d is a fused pyridine ring, or an N-oxide thereof.
7. A compound of claim 1, wherein the fused six membered ring having vertices a, b, c and d is a fused pyrimidine ring, or an N-oxide thereof.
8. A compound of claim 1, wherein the fused six membered ring having vertices a, b, c and d is a fused pyrazine ring, or an N-oxide thereof.
9. A compound of claim 1, wherein the fused six membered ring having vertices a, b, c and d is a fused pyridazine ring, or an N-oxide thereof.
10. A compound of claim 1, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, wherein each R3a is a member independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -ORf, -NRfRg, -C(0)Rf, -C(O)ORf, -S(O)Rf, -S(O)2Rf, -S(O)3Rf, -S(O)3RK, -X3C(O)2Rf, X3S(O)3Rf, -S(O)2NRfRg, -X3S(O)2NRfRg, -Rh, -CN, X3NRfRg, NRgC(0)Rf, X3N3 and Y5 wherein Y is a five to six-membered aryl, a five or six-membered heteroaryl ring or a three to eight- membered heterocycloalkyl ring selected from the group consisting of homopiperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, azetidinyl, pyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperazinzyl, phenyl, pyridyl, oxazolyl, pyrimidinyl, oxadiazolyl, imidazolylj pyrazolyl, triazolyl and thiazolyl, optionally substituted with from one to three substitutents selected from the group consisting of halogen, -ORf, -NRfRs, -Rh, -CN, wherein each Rf and Rg is independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-6 alkyl, Cj-6 haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl, and each Rh is independently selected from the group consisting OfC1-6 alkyl, Ci-6 haloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions of Rf, Rg and Rh are optionally further substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR0, -OC(O)NHR0, -OC(O)N(R°)2, -SH, -SR0, -S(O)R0, -S(O)2R0, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR0, -S(O)2N(R°)2, -NHS(O)2R0, -NR0S(O)2R0, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR0, -C(0)N(R°)2, -C(O)R0, -NHC(O)R0, -NR0C(O)R0, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NHR0, -NHC(O)NHR0, -NR°C(0)N(R°)2, -NHC(0)N(R°)2, -CO2H, -CO2R0, -NHCO2R0, -NR0CO2R0, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR0, -N(R°)2, -NR0S(O)NH2 and -NR0S(O)2NHR0, wherein R0 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl.
11. A compound of claim 1 or 10, wherein m is 0-2.
12. A compound of claim 1 or 11, wherein m is 0-1.
13. A compound of claim 11, having formula Ia.
14. A compound of claim 11, having formula Ib.
15. A compound of claim 1, wherein one ofsaid R3a groups is selected from the group consisting of -Y and -X3-Y, wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of homopiperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, azetidinyl, pyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperazinyl, phenyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrrolyl, pyridizinyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl and oxadiazolyl, which is optionally substituted with from one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -0Rf, -NRfRg, -CORf, -CO2Rf , -C0NRfRg, -NO2, -Rh and -CN, wherein Rf and Rg are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-8 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl and C1-8 haloalkyl, and each Rh is independently selected from the group consisting OfC1-8 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl and C1-8 haloalkyl.
16. A compound of claim 15, wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridyl, oxazolyl, pyrimidinyl, oxadiazolyl and thiazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with from one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -ORf, -NRfRg, -CORf, -CO2Rf, -CONRfRg, -NO2, -Rh and -CN, wherein Rf and Rg are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-8 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl and C1-8 haloalkyl, and each Rh is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-8 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl and C1-8 haloalkyl.
17. A compound of claim 1, wherein m is 0 or 1 ; and R2a is hydrogen.
18. A compound of claim 1, wherein R2a is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, F, Cl, Br and I.
19. A compound of claim 1, wherein the R a moiety on the pyrazole ring is hydrogen, halogen, chloro, fluoro, bromo, oxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, -Rh or cyano.
20. A compound of claim 1 or 19, wherein R1, when present, is selected from the group consisting of -CO2H or C1-4 alkyl, optionally substituted with -OH, -OR"1, -S(O)2R"1, -CO2H and -CO2R"1.
21. A compound of claim 19, wherein R1 is methyl; and m is 0-2.
22. A compound of claim 1 or 17, wherein at least one of said R3a substituents is selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-4 alkyl and C1-4 haloalkyl, wherein the aliphatic portions are optionally substituted with from one to three members selected from the group consisting of -OH, -OR0, -OC(O)NHR0, -OC(O)N(R°)2, -SH, -SR0, -S(O)R0, -S(O)2R0, -SO2NH2, -S(O)2NHR0, -S(O)2N(R°)2, -NHS(O)2R0, -NR0S(O)2R0, -C(O)NH2, -C(O)NHR0, -C(O)N(R°)2, -C(O)R0, -NHC(O)R0, -NR0C(O)R0, -NHC(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NH2, -NR0C(O)NHR0, -NHC(O)NHR0, -NR°C(0)N(R°)2, -NHC(0)N(R°)2, -CO2H, -CO2R0, -NHCO2R0, -NR0CO2R0, -CN, -NO2, -NH2, -NHR0, -N(R°)2, -NR0S(O)NH2 and -NR0S(O)2NHR0, wherein each R0 is independently an unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl.
23. A compound of claim 1 or 22, wherein R2° is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, -CO2CH3, -C(O)CH3 and -S(O)2CH3.
OA 24. A compound of claim 1 or 23, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of -SR0, -OX2-OR°, -X2-OR°, -OC(O)RC, -NR°Rd, -Re and -OR0.
25. The compound of claim 1, wherein R ,2Mc and R2d are each indendently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, F, Cl, Br, I and OR0.
26. A compound of claim 14, having a formula selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000117_0001
Ib1 Ib2
or an N-oxide thereof; wherein R2c is halogen, cyano or nitro; R2 is selected from -SR0, -O-X2-OR°, -X2-ORC, -Re, -ORC and -NRdC(O)R°; each of ring vertices a, b, c and d is independently selected from N and C(R3a), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N; and each R3a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C3-6 heterocycloalkyl, -S(O)2Rh, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, amino, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, isoxazolyl and thiazolyl.
27. A compound of claim 26, wherein ring vertex a is N.
28. A compound of claim 26, wherein ring vertex b is N.
29. A compound of claim 26, wherein ring vertex c is N.
30. A compound of claim 26, wherein ring vertex d is N.
31. A compound of claim 14, having a formula selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000117_0002
Ib3 Ib4 or an N-oxide thereof; wherein R2° is halogen, cyano or nitro; R2d is selected from -SR0, -O-X2-OR°, -X2-OR°, -Re, -OR0, -NR°Rd, -NR0S(O)2R6 and -NRdC(O)R°; R2a is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl5 Br, I5 -CO2Me5 -CONH2, CN, oxazolyl, -CH2NH2, -CH2NHMe, -CH2NMe2 and -CH=N-OH; each of ring vertices a, b, c and d is independently selected from N and C(R3a), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N; and each R3a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, Cj-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 heterocycloalkyl, -S(O)2Rh, amino, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl and thiazolyl.
32. A compound of claim 31, wherein ring vertex a is N.
33. A compound of claim 31, wherein ring vertex b is N.
34. A compound of claim 31, wherein ring vertex c is N.
35. A compound of claim 31, wherein ring vertex d is N.
36. A compound of claim 13, having a formula selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000118_0001
or a N-oxide thereof; wherein R2c is halogen, cyano or nitro; R2d is selected from -SR0, -O-X2-OR°, -X2-OR°, -Rβ, -OR0 and -NRdC(O)R°; each of ring vertices a, b, c and d is independently selected from N and C(R3a), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N; and each R3a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 heterocycloalkyl, -S(O)2Rh, amino, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, isoxazolyl and thiazolyl.
37. A compound of claim 36, wherein ring vertex a is N.
38. A compound of claim 36, wherein ring vertex b is N.
39. A compound of claim 36, wherein ring vertex c is N.
40. A compound of claim 36, wherein ring vertex d is N.
41. A compound of claim 13, having a formula selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000119_0001
Iaj Ia4 or a N-oxide thereof; wherein R2c is halogen, cyano or nitro; R >2zdα . is selected from -SR0, -O-X2-ORC, -X2-ORC, -Re, -OR0 and -NRdC(O)Rc; R2a is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, -CO2Me, -CONH2, CN, oxazolyl, -CH2NH2, -CH2NHMe, -CH2NMe2 and - CH=N-OH; each of ring vertices a, b, c and d is independently selected from N and C(R3a), and from one to two of said ring vertices is N; and each R3a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, Ci-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 heterocycloalkyl, -S(O)2Rh, amino, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, isoxazolyl and thiazolyl.
42. A compound of claim 41, wherein ring vertex a is N.
43. A compound of claim 41, wherein ring vertex b is N.
44. A compound of claim 41, wherein ring vertex c is N.
45. A compound of claim 41, wherein ring vertex d is N.
46. A compound of claim 1, wherein said compound is selected from the set forth in Table 1, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and N-oxides thereof.
47. The compound of claim 1, wherein said compound is selected from the group set forth on Table 2; and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and N-oxides thereof.
48. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier and a compound of claim 1.
49. A pharmaceutical composition of claim 48, wherein said composition is formed as a stent or stent-graft device.
50. A method of treating CCRl -mediated diseases or conditions comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any of claims 1-49 and 56-59.
51. A method in accordance with claim 50, wherein said CCRl -mediated disease or condition is an inflammatory condition.
52. A method in accordance with claim 50, wherein said CCRl -mediated disease or condition is an immunoregulatory disorder.
53. A method in accordance with claim 50, wherein said CCRl -mediated disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, transplant rejection, restenosis, dermatitis, eczema, urticaria, vasculitis, inflammatory bowel disease, food allergy, asthma, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, psoriasis, lupus erythematosus, osteoarthritis, stroke, restenosis and encephalomyelitis.
54. A method in accordance with claim 50, wherein said administering is oral, parenteral, rectal, transdermal, sublingual, nasal or topical.
55. A method in accordance with claim 50, wherein said compound is administered in combination with an anti-inflammatory agent, analgesic agent, an anti- proliferative agent, a metabolic inhibitor, a leukocyte migration inhibitor or an immuno-modulator.
56. A compound of claim 1, wherein R3a is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, -ORf, NRfRs, -Rh, -Y, -CN, X3N3, -SO2Rh, X3NRfRg, X3Y, -S(O)3Rf, -C(C=NORf)NRfRε, -NO2, and -NRgC(O)Rf, wherein Y is an optionally substituted group selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxadiazolyl and morpholinyl, and Rh is an optionally substituted group selected from the group consisting of C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl and C3-8 cycloalkyl, and Rf and Rg are each independently an optionally substituted group selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 haloalkyl and C3-8 cycloalkyl.
57. A compound of claim 56, wherein R3a is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, amino, -CH3, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, morpholinyl, oxdiazolyl, -NHC(O)CH3, -CN,, CH2N3, CH2SO3H, NO2, -(C=NOH)NH2, -S(O)2CH3 and CH2NH2.
58. A compound of claim 1, wherein R2a is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, F, Cl, Br and I.
59. A compound of claim 1, wherein R2c and R2d are each indendently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, F, Cl, Br, I and ORC
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