WO2006131086A1 - Apparatus for communication with transponders via near-field antennas - Google Patents

Apparatus for communication with transponders via near-field antennas Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006131086A1
WO2006131086A1 PCT/DE2005/001447 DE2005001447W WO2006131086A1 WO 2006131086 A1 WO2006131086 A1 WO 2006131086A1 DE 2005001447 W DE2005001447 W DE 2005001447W WO 2006131086 A1 WO2006131086 A1 WO 2006131086A1
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Prior art keywords
antennas
antenna
transponder
communication
near field
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PCT/DE2005/001447
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter Kronegger
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Acg Identification Technologies Gesellschaft Mbh
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Publication of WO2006131086A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006131086A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
    • G06K7/10336—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers the antenna being of the near field type, inductive coil
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10019—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers.
    • G06K7/10079—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers. the collision being resolved in the spatial domain, e.g. temporary shields for blindfolding the interrogator in specific directions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
    • G06K7/10356—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers using a plurality of antennas, e.g. configurations including means to resolve interference between the plurality of antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of electrical engineering, in particular to telecommunications and data transmission technology.
  • a device for communication with transponders via near-field antennas, and their drive circuit fulfills tasks for the passive power supply of transponders and for establishing an optimal communication path between the read or write device and the transponder in a frequency range suitable for inductive transmission, preferably the radio frequency range (RF).
  • the core task is the low-interference detection of transponders within a measuring field with the aid of several switchable near-field antennas.
  • RFID radio frequency identification
  • CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
  • transponder radio frequency identification
  • Inductive transponders require an antenna coil of at least one turn, which has different shape.
  • the coil is circular, spiral, oval, or triangular and quadrilateral with mostly rounded corners.
  • a similarly designed antenna coil is required on the communication device for reading out or writing to the transponders. With sufficient proximity of the two coils, the transponder can absorb enough energy and perform the data communication. This is done by modulation of the magnetic field.
  • transponder communication devices have only one antenna for powering one or more transponders.
  • a good overview of the state of the art is provided by the RFID manual by Klaus Finkenzeller, Vertag Hanser, 3rd edition. Almost only read modules with an antenna are described.
  • patent DE 199 53 334 shows a method for operating a plurality of remotely readable identification marks.
  • the adaptation of the transponder communication device to different radio Transmission frequencies provided by alternatively selectable resonant circuits and a delay device preferably as a spark gap between the received and emitted signal.
  • the most common existing application is communicating with so-called 1-bit tags. These are tuned resonant circuits whose presence or absence in the reader environment is detected.
  • magnetizable 1-bit tags can be detected by a plurality of oppositely arranged coils in so-called locks for theft prevention. Arrangements with three columns and three to four rows of one coil each are the most common. This is roughly described in the mentioned RFID manual under chapter 3.1.4. In this case, a simultaneous control with low alternating current is provided. An alternative to this is the use of a coil with at least one third tap. This is done primarily to generate more than one LC resonance frequency over, for example, different number of turns. The selection of different tuned transponder is possible within the same antenna device.
  • the RFID reader antenna from utility model DE 203 1483 shows designs of the antenna coils made of printed circuit board material.
  • the communication fails. Consequently, several coils can be used spatially separated to cover different spatial positions. But it comes because of the superposition to superimpose the individual fields. Communication with multiple transponders occurs via predefined time windows or randomly generated time slots with antilock prevention devices in the time domain. Or by separation in the carrier frequency range (multiple transmit channels) or by separation in the modulation range (e.g., different modulation frequencies in frequency or phase modulation). Multiplexing of different antennas has been used more often. Disadvantages, however, are the stray field, the interaction of the antennas and the lack of possibility of unambiguously spatially associated detection of at least two adjacent transponders.
  • the object of the invention is to enable a detection and temporal querying of the individual transponders in succession. Simultaneous querying should be avoided.
  • a device for communication with transponders via near-field antennas wherein at least two electrically coupled near-field antennas are provided which have connection means to at least one frequency generator of a transmitting and receiving unit, and whose Anschusspane further connection means for Short-circuiting or have low impedance connect.
  • Figure 1 shows the principle of the device 1 for communication with transponders as an example with two near-field antennas.
  • Figure 2 shows the use of multiplexed RF amplifier output stages for antenna feed.
  • Figure 3 shows the prior art with respect to transponder readers with only one near field antenna.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the operation of the invention using the example of two near-field antennas on two transponders.
  • Figure 5 shows an arrangement with antennas in the form of a printed circuit.
  • Figure 6 shows the addressing of a transponder with two near-field antennas.
  • Fig. 1 the essential features of the subject invention are shown.
  • at least two near-field antennas 2, 3 shown here as coils at least one transponder 15 can be detected by the communication device 1.
  • an alternating current is impressed into at least one of the near-field antennas 2, 3 via the frequency generator 40.
  • at least one of the transponders 15, 16 is supplied with sufficient energy by the induction in order to emit an information signal.
  • either coil 2 or coil 3 is connected to the generator 40 of the transmitting and receiving device 4 via the connecting devices 24,34.
  • the transponder antennas 16, 17 are in a relatively close position to one another and to the near field antennas, sufficient field energy due to sufficient stray fields or due to environmental influences, and sufficient energy can be coupled to that transponder antenna, not the fed coil directly opposite. However, if the connection pair 31, 32 or 21, 22 of the coil is short-circuited via one of the connection devices 30 or 20, a short-circuited coil results in a reaction field which suppresses the unwanted field components at the associated transponder antenna 17, 16.
  • the control electronics 7 at least one near-field antenna 2, 3 is connected to the frequency generator via the connection devices 24, 34 by means of the control signals 23, 33, and at least one transponder antenna 3, 2 is short-circuited by the connection devices 30, 20.
  • the former is used for communication via the nearest transponder antenna, the latter of a reactive shielding of a transponder antenna.
  • each individual transponder can be addressed in succession.
  • the position of the transponder antennas is not exactly known, the position can be determined by testing or systematically exciting the near-field antennas (2, 3).
  • Fig. 2 shows another example.
  • a multiplexer or optionally controllable switch 24, 34 of the frequency generator 40 is connected to the amplifier output stages 41, 42 via the control electronics 7.
  • the switches 20, 30 could in principle be omitted if the output of Amplifier is sufficiently low impedance. If the impedance matching for the near-field antenna is taken into account, the selected antenna 16 is also addressed here, as in the example from FIG. 1, and communication with the other antennas 17 is prevented.
  • the control electronics 7 may provide for manual input, such as switch 11, push buttons 12, keyboards 13 or computer mice 14.
  • evaluation electronics 8 for the antenna signals 10 or sensory acquisition systems 9 such as optical, magnetic, capacitive or inductive Sensors can be used.
  • a camera, a line camera (scanner) or the like can provide information for the control electronics. This information then serves to selectively control the near field coil at that position where the transponder to be read is located.
  • FIG. 3 Comparing Figure 3 with Figure 4, the operation of the subject invention is visible.
  • a near-field antenna 3 for communication with a transponder 15 is provided.
  • a second transponder in an unfavorable position would also receive sufficient energy for communication and, in the worst case, block the communication.
  • an opposing field Br is generated by the field energy, which field is opposite to the field B causing it.
  • no or only negligible field energy results in the near field of the unwanted transponder antenna 15a.
  • the alternating magnetic field B induces a voltage in the near field antenna 3. Due to the short circuit, this voltage drives a current which generates a reaction field Br through its direction. The sum of fields B and Br is zero.
  • the second transponder 15a remains passive.
  • Figure 5 shows a printed circuit application, printed circuit board material 6, foils or thin non-conductive layers are coated with conductor material.
  • the tracks are arranged in coil form and connected to the electronic components. This allows many options for near-field antenna designs. These cover a certain area in the form of matrices, which makes it possible to capture many transponders in a confined space quickly and reliably.
  • Sensory detection system optical sensor (CCD or CMOS camera, guided line scan camera (scanner), image sensor), magnetic sensor (Hall sensor, reed contact, reed relay, GMR or the like, capacitive sensor, inductive sensor (e.g., coil))

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Abstract

1. Apparatus for communication with transponders via near-field antennas 2.1. Integrated transponders are situated in different positions with regard to the dimensions of the carrier material. The new apparatus is intended to optimize the communication and simplify the positioning by means of at least two spatially separate antennas and suitable driving. 2.2. The apparatus (1) has at least two electrically coupled near-field antennas (2, 3) with connecting devices (24, 34) to at least one frequency generator (40) of a transmitting and receiving unit (4). The connection pairs of the antennas can be short-circuited via low-resistance connecting devices (20, 30). At least that antenna which is oriented in the best possible manner to the transponder to be read is connected to a frequency generator (40). The other antennas are short-circuited. As a result, read zones and non-read zones are precisely demarcated. 2.3. The apparatus permits the detection of the position and interference-free communication with transponders on different transponder carriers. By way of example, optical scanning devices for electronically endowed documents can be activated simultaneously with transponder communication apparatus. In this case, on account of the invention, it is unimportant whether the transponder is arranged within or outside the optically detected zone.

Description

Vorrichtung zur Kommunikation mit Transpondern über Nahfeld- AntennenDevice for communicating with transponders via near-field antennas
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf das technische Gebiet der Elektrotechnik, insbesondere auf die Nachrichtentechnik und Datenübertragungstechnik. Vorgestellt wird eine Vorrichtung zur Kommunikation mit Transpondern über Nahfeld-Antennen, und deren Ansteuerschaltung. Die Vorrichtung erfüllt Aufgaben zur passiven Energie- Versorgung von Transpondern und zum Aufbau einer optimalen Kommunikationsstrecke zwischen dem Leseoder Schreibgerät und dem Transponder in einem zur induktiven Übertragung geeignetem Frequenzbereich vorzugsweise Radio-Frequenzbereich (RF). Kemaufgabe ist die störungsarme Erfassung von Transpondern innerhalb eines Messfeldes mithilfe mehrerer schaltbarer Nahfeld- Antennen.The present invention relates to the technical field of electrical engineering, in particular to telecommunications and data transmission technology. Disclosed is a device for communication with transponders via near-field antennas, and their drive circuit. The device fulfills tasks for the passive power supply of transponders and for establishing an optimal communication path between the read or write device and the transponder in a frequency range suitable for inductive transmission, preferably the radio frequency range (RF). The core task is the low-interference detection of transponders within a measuring field with the aid of several switchable near-field antennas.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Zur Sicherung und Kennzeichnung oder logistischen Überwachung von Produkten und Dokumenten werden im zunehmenden Maß elektronische Komponenten eingesetzt. RFID- (Radio Frequenz ldentifikations-)-Einrichtungen sind miniaturisierte Komponenten mit beispielsweise in CMOS-Technologie hergestellte integrierten Halbleiterschaltkreisen an deren Hauptanschlüsse Antennen zur Informationsübertragung und eventuell auch zur Energieversorgung kontaktiert sind. Das Auslesen der RFID-Einrichtungen infolge kurz als Transponder bezeichnet erfolgt vorzugsweise über Radiowellen aus kurzer Distanz.Electronic components are increasingly being used to secure and label or logistically monitor products and documents. RFID (radio frequency identification) devices are miniaturized components with, for example, integrated semiconductor circuits produced in CMOS technology whose main terminals are in contact with antennas for transmitting information and possibly also for supplying energy. The reading out of the RFID devices as a result of being referred to as transponder for short preferably takes place via radio waves from a short distance.
Induktiv arbeitende Transponder benötigen eine Antennenspule aus zumindest einer Windung, die unterschiedliche Form aufweist. Beispielsweise ist die Spule kreisförmig, spiralförmig, oval, oder drei- und viereckig mit zumeist abgerundeten Ecken. Eine ähnlich gestaltete Antennenspule ist an der Kommunikationsvorrichtung zum Auslesen oder Beschreiben der Transponder erforderlich. Bei ausreichender Nähe der beiden Spulen kann der Transponder genug Energie aufnehmen und die Datenkommunikation durchführen. Dies geschieht durch Modulation des magnetischen Feldes.Inductive transponders require an antenna coil of at least one turn, which has different shape. For example, the coil is circular, spiral, oval, or triangular and quadrilateral with mostly rounded corners. A similarly designed antenna coil is required on the communication device for reading out or writing to the transponders. With sufficient proximity of the two coils, the transponder can absorb enough energy and perform the data communication. This is done by modulation of the magnetic field.
Die meisten Transponder-Kommunikations-Vorrichtungen weisen nur eine Antenne zur Energieversorgung eines oder mehrerer Transponder auf. Eine gute Übersicht über den Stand der Technik bietet das RFID-Handbuch von Klaus Finkenzeller, Vertag Hanser, 3. Auflage. Dabei werden fast nur Lesemodule mit einer Antenne beschrieben. Es gibt bekannte Anwendungen für mehrere Antennen. Beispielsweise zeigt Patent DE 199 53 334 ein Verfahren zum Betrieb mehrerer fernauslesbarer Identifikationsmarken. Dabei ist die Anpassung der Transponder-Kommunikations-Vorrichtung an verschiedene Radio- Sendefrequenzen durch alternativ wählbare Schwingkreise und eine Verzögerungseinrichtung vorzugsweise als Funkenstrecke zwischen empfangenem und ausgesandtem Signal vorgesehen. Häufigste bestehende Anwendung ist das Kommunizieren mit so genannten 1-bit- Tags. Das sind fest abgestimmte Resonanzschwingkreise deren Vorhandensein oder NichtVorhandensein im Lesegerätumfeld detektiert wird. So können zum Deaktivieren magnetisierbare 1-bit-Tags durch mehrere einander gegenüber angeordnete Spulen in so genannten Schleusen zur Diebstahlssicherung erfasst werden. Anordnungen mit drei Spalten und drei bis vier Zeilen mit je einer Spule sind am häufigsten. Das ist im genannten RFID- Handbuch unter Kap.3.1.4 grob beschrieben. Dabei ist eine gleichzeitige Ansteuerung mit schwachem Wechselstrom vorgesehen. Eine Alternative dazu stellt die Verwendung einer Spule mit zumindest einem dritten Abgriff dar. Dies geschieht vorwiegend um mehr als eine LC- Resonanzfrequenz über beispielsweise verschiedene Windungszahl zu generieren. Die Selektion verschieden abgestimmter Transponder ist dabei innerhalb derselben Antennenvorrichtung möglich. Die RFID-Reader-Antenne aus Gebrauchsmuster DE 203 1483 zeigt Gestaltungen der Antennen-Spulen aus Leiterplattenmaterial.Most transponder communication devices have only one antenna for powering one or more transponders. A good overview of the state of the art is provided by the RFID manual by Klaus Finkenzeller, Vertag Hanser, 3rd edition. Almost only read modules with an antenna are described. There are known applications for multiple antennas. For example, patent DE 199 53 334 shows a method for operating a plurality of remotely readable identification marks. The adaptation of the transponder communication device to different radio Transmission frequencies provided by alternatively selectable resonant circuits and a delay device preferably as a spark gap between the received and emitted signal. The most common existing application is communicating with so-called 1-bit tags. These are tuned resonant circuits whose presence or absence in the reader environment is detected. Thus, for deactivating magnetizable 1-bit tags can be detected by a plurality of oppositely arranged coils in so-called locks for theft prevention. Arrangements with three columns and three to four rows of one coil each are the most common. This is roughly described in the mentioned RFID manual under chapter 3.1.4. In this case, a simultaneous control with low alternating current is provided. An alternative to this is the use of a coil with at least one third tap. This is done primarily to generate more than one LC resonance frequency over, for example, different number of turns. The selection of different tuned transponder is possible within the same antenna device. The RFID reader antenna from utility model DE 203 1483 shows designs of the antenna coils made of printed circuit board material.
Sind die Spulen bzw. Rahmenantennen nicht optimal zueinander positioniert, sodass das Magnetische Feld der erzeugenden Spule bzw. Rahmenantenne nicht in ausreichender Weise die Spule des Transponders durchdringt, versagt die Kommunikation. Folglich können mehrere Spulen räumlich getrennt zum Einsatz kommen um verschiedene räumliche Positionen abzudecken. Dabei kommt es aber aufgrund der Superposition zur Überlagerung der Einzelfelder. Kommunikation mit mehreren Transpondern erfolgt über vordefinierte Zeitfenster oder durch Zufallszahl generierte Zeitfenster mit Antiblockierschutzeinrichtungen im Zeitbereich. Oder aber durch Trennung im Träger-Frequenzbereich (mehrere Sendekanäle) oder durch Trennung im Modulationsbereich (z.B. unterschiedliche Modulationsfrequenzen bei Frequenzoder Phasenmodulation). Multiplexen von verschiedenen Antennen wird schon öfter angewendet. Nachteilig jedoch sind das Streufeld, die Wechselwirkung der Antennen und die fehlende Möglichkeit des eindeutigen räumlich zugeordneten Erfassens von mindestens zwei benachbarten Transpondern.If the coils or loop antennas are not optimally positioned with respect to each other so that the magnetic field of the generating coil or loop antenna does not sufficiently penetrate the coil of the transponder, the communication fails. Consequently, several coils can be used spatially separated to cover different spatial positions. But it comes because of the superposition to superimpose the individual fields. Communication with multiple transponders occurs via predefined time windows or randomly generated time slots with antilock prevention devices in the time domain. Or by separation in the carrier frequency range (multiple transmit channels) or by separation in the modulation range (e.g., different modulation frequencies in frequency or phase modulation). Multiplexing of different antennas has been used more often. Disadvantages, however, are the stray field, the interaction of the antennas and the lack of possibility of unambiguously spatially associated detection of at least two adjacent transponders.
Aufgabe der ErfindungObject of the invention
Werden mehrere Nahfeld-Antennen eingesetzt, können mehrere Transponder erfasst werden. Dadurch ergibt sich die Problematik, zu ermitteln, welche Antenne mit welchem Transponder kommuniziert. Als Beispiel seien elektronisch mit mehreren Transpondern ausgestattete Dokumente genannt, wobei im Regelfall nur ein Transponder mit der Transponder- Kommunikationsvorrichtung des Lesegerätes kommunizieren darf, da sich ansonsten das System blockiert. Gleichzeitig soll aber eine eindeutige Zuordnung räumlich verteilten Transponder ermöglicht werden, sodass entweder die beliebige Lage (Orientierung) gleichermaßen ausgestatteter Dokumente ein eindeutiges Erfassen der Transponder ermöglicht oder aber Dokumente mit unterschiedlicher Transponder-Ausstattung durch stets die gleiche ungefähre Lage erfasst werden können, oder aber eine Kombination aus beliebiger Lage und beliebigem Dokument möglich wird. Die Aufgabe der Erfindung soll ein Detektieren und zeitliches Abfragen der einzelnen Transponder hintereinander ermöglichen. Das gleichzeitige Abfragen soll vermieden werden. Das komplizierte Hantieren mit elektronisch ausgestatteten Dokumenten soll vereinfacht werden, sodass das ansonsten notwendige Umdrehen, Verschieben oder Rotieren des Dokumentes wegfällt. Störende oder Feld verzerrende Umgebungseinflüsse durch metallische oder magnetische oder elektrisch leitende Materialien, wie Folien, Metallklammern sollen ebenfalls durch die gegenständliche Erfindung bestmöglich ausgeschaltet werden.If several near-field antennas are used, several transponders can be detected. This results in the problem of determining which antenna communicates with which transponder. As an example may be mentioned electronically equipped with multiple transponders documents, as a rule only one transponder may communicate with the transponder communication device of the reader, otherwise blocked the system. At the same time, however, an unambiguous assignment should be spatially distributed Transponder be enabled so that either the arbitrary position (orientation) equally equipped documents a clear capture of the transponder allows or documents with different transponder equipment by always the same approximate location can be detected, or a combination of any position and any document possible becomes. The object of the invention is to enable a detection and temporal querying of the individual transponders in succession. Simultaneous querying should be avoided. The complicated handling of electronically equipped documents should be simplified so that the otherwise necessary turning around, moving or rotating the document is eliminated. Disturbing or field distorting environmental influences by metallic or magnetic or electrically conductive materials, such as films, metal clips should also be turned off as best as possible by the subject invention.
Das SchutzbegehrenThe protection request
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabenstellung wird eine Vorrichtung zur Kommunikation mit Transpondern über Nahfeld-Antennen vorgeschlagen wobei mindestens zwei elektrisch verkoppelte Nahfeld-Antennen vorgesehen sind, die Verbindungs-Einrichtungen zu mindestens einem Frequenzgenerator einer Sende- und Empfangseinheit aufweisen, und deren Anschusspaare weitere Verbindungs-Einrichtungen zum Kurzschließen oder niederohmigen verbinden aufweisen.To solve this problem, a device for communication with transponders via near-field antennas is proposed wherein at least two electrically coupled near-field antennas are provided which have connection means to at least one frequency generator of a transmitting and receiving unit, and whose Anschusspaare further connection means for Short-circuiting or have low impedance connect.
Durch die Induzierten Ströme in der kurzgeschlossenen Nahfeld-Antenne (Spule) wird laut Induktionsgesetz (Biot-Savart) ein magnetisches Feld generiert, welches gleich groß und gegensinnig zum Feld ist, das durch den Frequenz-Generator mithilfe der aktiven Spule erzeugt wurde. Dadurch erhält ein Transponder einen räumlich scharf getrennten Feldwirkungsbereich innerhalb der aktiv gespeisten Nahfeld-Antenne. Ein Transponder außerhalb würde ohne der passiven und kurzgeschlossenen Reaktions-Spule unter Umständen noch zur Kommunikation ausreichend mit Feldenergie versorgt und damit auf die Kommunikation stören. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung werden diese Störungen aber auch Fremd- oder Umgebungseinflüsse durch metallische Teile optimal ausgeschaltet. Somit werden Effekte durch Gegeninduktivität, Feldverzerrung aufgrund bewusst eingesetzter passiver Antennen weitestgehend kompensiert.Due to the induced currents in the short-circuited near-field antenna (coil), according to the law of induction (Biot-Savart), a magnetic field is generated which is equal to and opposite to the field generated by the frequency generator using the active coil. This gives a transponder a spatially sharply separated field effect area within the actively fed near-field antenna. Without the passive and short-circuited reaction coil, a transponder outside would still be adequately supplied with field energy for communication and thus interfere with the communication. With the device according to the invention these disturbances but also foreign or environmental influences are optimally eliminated by metallic parts. Thus, effects due to mutual inductance, field distortion due to deliberately used passive antennas are largely compensated.
Die Erfindung sowie mögliche Ausgestaltungen werden anhand der Figuren nachfolgend beschrieben. Es zeigen:The invention as well as possible embodiments will be described below with reference to the figures. Show it:
Figur 1 zeigt das Prinzip der Vorrichtung 1 zur Kommunikation mit Transpondern als Beispiel mit zwei Nahfeldantennen. Figur 2 zeigt die Verwendung von gemultiplexten RF- Verstärkerausgangsstufen zur Antennenspeisung.Figure 1 shows the principle of the device 1 for communication with transponders as an example with two near-field antennas. Figure 2 shows the use of multiplexed RF amplifier output stages for antenna feed.
Figur 3 zeigt den Stand der Technik in Bezug auf Transponder-Lesegeräte mit nur einer Nahfeldantenne.Figure 3 shows the prior art with respect to transponder readers with only one near field antenna.
Figur 4 verdeutlicht die Funktionsweise der Erfindung am Beispiel mit zwei Nahfeld- Antennen an zwei Transpondern.Figure 4 illustrates the operation of the invention using the example of two near-field antennas on two transponders.
Figur 5 zeigt eine Anordnung mit Antennen in Form einer gedruckten Schaltung. Figur 6 zeigt das Adressieren von einem Transponder mit zwei Nahfeldantennen.Figure 5 shows an arrangement with antennas in the form of a printed circuit. Figure 6 shows the addressing of a transponder with two near-field antennas.
In Fig. 1 sind die wesentlichen Merkmale der gegenständlichen Erfindung gezeigt. Durch die Verwendung von mindestens zwei Nahfeld-Antennen 2,3 hier als Spulen dargestellt, kann mindestens ein Transponder 15 von der Kommunikationsvorrichtung 1 erfasst werden. Dazu wird über den Frequenz-Generator 40 ein Wechselstrom in zumindest eine der Nahfeld- Antennen 2,3 eingeprägt. Durch die Verkoppelung wird zumindest einer der Transponder 15,16 durch die Induktion mit ausreichend Energie versorgt, um ein Informationssignal abzugeben. Hier wird entweder Spule 2 oder Spule 3 mit dem Generator 40 der Sende-und Empfangseinrichtung 4 über die Verbindungseinrichtungen 24,34 verbunden. Da die Transponder-Antennen 16,17 in relativ naher Lage zueinander als auch zu den Nahfeld- Antennen stehen, kann ungewollt durch ausreichende Streufelder oder aufgrund von Umgebungseinflüssen verursachte Feldverzerrungen, auch ausreichend Energie an jene Transponder-Antenne überkoppelt werden, die der gespeisten Spule nicht direkt gegenüber liegt. Wird das Anschlusspaar 31 ,32 bzw. 21 ,22 der Spule aber, über eine der Verbindungseinrichtungen 30, bzw. 20 kurzgeschlossen, ergibt sich durch diese kurzgeschlossene Spule ein Reaktionsfeld, welches die ungewollten Feldkomponenten an der zugeordneten Transponder-Antenne 17,16 unterdrückt. Durch die Steuer-Elektronik 7 wird mithilfe der Steuersignale 23,33 zumindest eine Nahfeld-Antenne 2,3 über die Verbindungseinrichtungen 24,34 an den Frequenzgenerator geschaltet, und zumindest eine Transponder-Antenne 3,2 durch die Verbindungseinrichtungen 30,20 kurzgeschlossen. Ersteres dient der Kommunikation über die nächstgelegene Transponder-Antenne, letzteres einer reaktiven Schirmung einer Transponder-Antenne. Durch sequentielles Ansteuern kann folglich jeder einzelne Transponder hintereinander angesprochen werden. Auch kann bei nicht exakt bekannter Lage der Transponder-Antennen, durch Probieren oder systematisches Erregen der Nahfeld-Antennen (2,3) die Position ermittelt werden.In Fig. 1, the essential features of the subject invention are shown. Through the use of at least two near-field antennas 2, 3 shown here as coils, at least one transponder 15 can be detected by the communication device 1. For this purpose, an alternating current is impressed into at least one of the near-field antennas 2, 3 via the frequency generator 40. As a result of the coupling, at least one of the transponders 15, 16 is supplied with sufficient energy by the induction in order to emit an information signal. Here either coil 2 or coil 3 is connected to the generator 40 of the transmitting and receiving device 4 via the connecting devices 24,34. Since the transponder antennas 16, 17 are in a relatively close position to one another and to the near field antennas, sufficient field energy due to sufficient stray fields or due to environmental influences, and sufficient energy can be coupled to that transponder antenna, not the fed coil directly opposite. However, if the connection pair 31, 32 or 21, 22 of the coil is short-circuited via one of the connection devices 30 or 20, a short-circuited coil results in a reaction field which suppresses the unwanted field components at the associated transponder antenna 17, 16. By means of the control electronics 7, at least one near-field antenna 2, 3 is connected to the frequency generator via the connection devices 24, 34 by means of the control signals 23, 33, and at least one transponder antenna 3, 2 is short-circuited by the connection devices 30, 20. The former is used for communication via the nearest transponder antenna, the latter of a reactive shielding of a transponder antenna. By sequential activation, therefore, each individual transponder can be addressed in succession. Even if the position of the transponder antennas is not exactly known, the position can be determined by testing or systematically exciting the near-field antennas (2, 3).
Fig.2 zeigt ein anderes Beispiel. Hier wird über die Steuer-Elektronik 7 ein Multiplexer oder wahlfrei steuerbare Schalter 24,34 der Frequenz-Generator 40 an die Verstärker-Endstufen 41 ,42 geschaltet. Die Schalter 20, 30 könnten prinzipiell entfallen, wenn der Ausgang der Verstärker ausreichend niederohmig ist. Bei Berücksichtigung der Impedanzanpassung für die Nahfeld-Antenne wird auch hier, wie im Beispiel aus Fig.1 die selektierte Antenne 16 angesprochen und Kommunikation mit den anderen Antennen 17 unterbunden. Die Steuer- Elektronik 7 kann manuelle Eingabe vorsehen, wie durch Schalter 11, durch Taster 12, Tastaturen 13 oder Computermäuse 14. Auch eine Auswerte-Elektronik 8 für die Antennen- Signale 10 oder von sensorischen Erfassungssystemen 9 wie optische, magnetische, kapazitive oder induktive Sensoren ist einsetzbar. So kann eine Kamera, eine Zeilenkamera (Scanner) oder dergleichen Informationen für die Steuerelektronik bereitstellen. Diese Informationen dienen dann der gezielten Ansteuerung der Nahfeldspule an jener Position, wo sich der zu lesende Transponder befindet.Fig. 2 shows another example. Here, a multiplexer or optionally controllable switch 24, 34 of the frequency generator 40 is connected to the amplifier output stages 41, 42 via the control electronics 7. The switches 20, 30 could in principle be omitted if the output of Amplifier is sufficiently low impedance. If the impedance matching for the near-field antenna is taken into account, the selected antenna 16 is also addressed here, as in the example from FIG. 1, and communication with the other antennas 17 is prevented. The control electronics 7 may provide for manual input, such as switch 11, push buttons 12, keyboards 13 or computer mice 14. Also, evaluation electronics 8 for the antenna signals 10 or sensory acquisition systems 9 such as optical, magnetic, capacitive or inductive Sensors can be used. Thus, a camera, a line camera (scanner) or the like can provide information for the control electronics. This information then serves to selectively control the near field coil at that position where the transponder to be read is located.
Vergleicht man Figur 3 mit Figur 4 so wird die Funktionsweise der gegenständlichen Erfindung sichtbar. In Fig.3 ist eine Nahfeld-Antenne 3 zur Kommunikation mit einem Transponder 15 vorgesehen. Ein zweiter Transponder in ungünstiger Lage würde ebenfalls ausreichend Energie zur Kommunikation erhalten und schlimmstenfalls die Kommunikation blockieren.Comparing Figure 3 with Figure 4, the operation of the subject invention is visible. In Figure 3, a near-field antenna 3 for communication with a transponder 15 is provided. A second transponder in an unfavorable position would also receive sufficient energy for communication and, in the worst case, block the communication.
Durch die Anordnung, wie in Figur 4 gezeigt, wird durch die Feldenergie ein Gegenfeld Br erzeugt, welches dem hervorrufenden Feld B entgegengerichtet ist. Dadurch resultiert im Nahfeld der unerwünschten Transponder-Antenne 15a keine oder nur vernachlässige Feldenergie. Das magnetische Wechselfeld B induziert in der Nahfeldantenne 3 eine Spannung. Durch den Kurzschluss, treibt diese Spannung einen Strom welcher durch seine Richtung ein Reaktionsfeld Br erzeugt. Die Summe der Felder B und Br ist null. Der zweite Transponder 15a bleibt passiv.As a result of the arrangement, as shown in FIG. 4, an opposing field Br is generated by the field energy, which field is opposite to the field B causing it. As a result, no or only negligible field energy results in the near field of the unwanted transponder antenna 15a. The alternating magnetic field B induces a voltage in the near field antenna 3. Due to the short circuit, this voltage drives a current which generates a reaction field Br through its direction. The sum of fields B and Br is zero. The second transponder 15a remains passive.
In Figur 5 ist eine Anwendung mit einer gedruckten Schaltung gezeigt, Leiterplattenmaterial 6, Folien oder dünne nicht leitende Schichten sind mit Leitermaterial überzogen. Die Leiterbahnen werden in Spulenform angeordnet und mit den elektronischen Komponenten verbunden. Dadurch sind viele Möglichkeiten an Nahfeldantennen-Designs möglich. Diese in Matrizen- Form eine bestimmte Fläche dicht aneinandergereiht überziehen, wodurch ein Erfassen vieler Transponder auf engem Raum schnell und sicher möglich wird.Figure 5 shows a printed circuit application, printed circuit board material 6, foils or thin non-conductive layers are coated with conductor material. The tracks are arranged in coil form and connected to the electronic components. This allows many options for near-field antenna designs. These cover a certain area in the form of matrices, which makes it possible to capture many transponders in a confined space quickly and reliably.
Grundsätzlich besteht mit der Erfindung auch die Möglichkeit eine Transponderantenne durch mehrere Nahfeld-Antennen der Kommunikations-Vorrichtung anzusprechen, dies ist in Fig. 6 dargestellt. BezugszeichenlisteBasically, with the invention it is also possible to address a transponder antenna by means of several near-field antennas of the communication device, this is illustrated in FIG. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Transponder-Kommunikations-Vorrichtung1 transponder communication device
2 Nahfeldantenne für eine erste Transponder-Erfassungszone oder Richtung 2a Nahfeld-Teilbereichsantenne für eine erste Transponder-Teilerfassungszone 2b Nahfeld-Teilbereichsantenne für eine zweite Transponder-Teilerfassungszone2 Near Field Antenna for a First Transponder Detection Zone or Direction 2a Near Field Subrange Antenna for a First Transponder Part Detection Zone 2b Near field subrange antenna for a second transponder sub detection zone
20 niederohmige Verbindungs-Einrichtung20 low-impedance connection device
21 erster Anschluss der Nahfeldantenne 221 first connection of the near-field antenna 2
22 zweiter Anschluss der Nahfeldantenne 222 second connection of the near field antenna 2
23 Steuersignal23 control signal
24 Verbindungs-Einrichtung24 connection device
3 Nahfeldantenne für eine weitere Erfassungszone oder Richtung3 Near field antenna for another detection zone or direction
30 niederohmige Verbindungs-Einrichtung30 low-impedance connection device
31 erster Anschluss der Nahfeldantenne 331 first connection of the near-field antenna 3
32 zweiter Anschluss der Nahfeldantenne 332 second connection of the near-field antenna 3
33 Steuersignal33 control signal
34 Verbindungs-Einrichtung34 connection device
4 Sende- und Empfangseinheit4 transmitting and receiving unit
40 Frequenz-Generator40 frequency generator
41 RF-Ausgangsverstärkerstufe 141 RF output amplifier stage 1
42 RF-Ausgangsverstärkerstufe 242 RF output amplifier stage 2
5 Leiterschleife (bzw. Spule)5 conductor loop (or coil)
6 Leiterplatten- Material oder dünne Leiterschicht-Träger6 board material or thin conductor layer carrier
7 Steuer-Elektronik7 control electronics
70 Steuersignal für den Frequenzgenerator70 Control signal for the frequency generator
71 Steuersignal für die Antennen-Auswahl71 Control signal for antenna selection
72 Steuersignal für den Antennen-Kurzschluss72 Control signal for the antenna short circuit
8 Auswerte-Elektronik8 evaluation electronics
9 Sensorische Erfassungssystem (Optischer Sensor (CCD oder CMOS-Kamera, geführte Zeilenkamera (Scanner), Bildsensor), Magnetischer Sensor (Hallsensor, Reedkontakt, Reed-Relais, GMR oder dergl., Kapazitiver Sensor, Induktiver Sensor (z.B. Spule))9 Sensory detection system (optical sensor (CCD or CMOS camera, guided line scan camera (scanner), image sensor), magnetic sensor (Hall sensor, reed contact, reed relay, GMR or the like, capacitive sensor, inductive sensor (e.g., coil))
10 Antennen-Signal10 antenna signal
11 Schalter11 switches
12 Taste12 button
13 Tastatur13 keyboard
14 Computermaus14 computer mouse
15 Transponder (aktiv), 15a nicht aktivierter Transponder15 transponders (active), 15a non-activated transponder
16 Transponder-Antenne (aktiv)16 transponder antenna (active)
17 Transponder-Antenne (passiv) 17 transponder antenna (passive)

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Vorrichtung (1) zur Kommunikation mit Transpondem über Nahfeld- Antennen dadurch gekennzeichnet dass mindestens zwei elektrisch verkoppelte Nahfeld-Antennen (2,3) vorgesehen sind, die Verbindungs-Einrichtungen (24,34) zu mindestens einem Frequenzgenerator (40) einer Sende- und Empfangseinheit (4) aufweisen, und deren Anschusspaare (21,22; 31,32) weitere Verbindungs-Einrichtungen (20,30) zum Kurzschließen oder niederohmigen Verbinden aufweisen.1. Device (1) for communication with transponders via near-field antennas characterized in that at least two electrically coupled near field antennas (2,3) are provided, the connection means (24,34) to at least one frequency generator (40) of a transmission - And receiving unit (4), and their Anschusspaare (21,22; 31,32) further connection means (20,30) for short-circuiting or low-impedance connection.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Nahfeld- Antenne (2,3) aus mindestens einer Leiterschleife oder einer dadurch gebildeten Spulenwicklung mit geeigneter Windungszahl, vorzugsweise aus mindestens einer elektrisch leitenden Schicht von Leiterplatten- Material (6) oder aus Draht gebildet wird.2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that each near-field antenna (2,3) of at least one conductor loop or a coil winding formed by it with a suitable number of turns, preferably from at least one electrically conductive layer of printed circuit board material (6) or wire is formed.
3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungseinrichtungen (24,34) zum Frequenzgenerator (40) mit Impedanzanpassung durch gemultiplexte oder wahlfrei geschaltete RF-Ausgangs-Verstärkerstufen (41 , 42) oder dergleichen gebildet werden.3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the connecting means (24,34) to the frequency generator (40) with impedance matching by multiplexed or optionally switched RF output amplifier stages (41, 42) or the like are formed.
4. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche von 1 bis 3, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass steuerbare Schalter oder dergleichen als Verbindungseinrichtungen (20, 24, 30, 34) vorgesehen sind.4. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that controllable switches or the like as connecting means (20, 24, 30, 34) are provided.
5. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche von 1 bis 4, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass eine Steuerelektronik (7) zur Erzeugung der Steuersignale für die Steuerung (23,33) der Verbindungseinrichtungen (20, 24, 30, 34) vorgesehen ist5. The device according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an electronic control unit (7) for generating the control signals for the control (23,33) of the connecting means (20, 24, 30, 34) is provided
6. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche von 1 bis 5, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass eine Auswertelogik (8) für mindestens eine sensorisch erfasste Größe einer anderer Baugruppe, beispielsweise eines optischen, magnetischen, kapazitiven oder induktiven Erfassungs-Systems (9) oder dergleichen und/oder für die empfangenen Antennensignale (10) vorgesehen ist und/oder Tasten (11), Schalter (12), eine Tastatur (13), eine Computermaus (14), oder dergleichen für manuelle Eingabe, vorgesehen sind.6. The device according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that an evaluation logic (8) for at least one sensory detected size of another assembly, such as an optical, magnetic, capacitive or inductive detection system (9) or the like and or is provided for the received antenna signals (10) and / or keys (11), switches (12), a keyboard (13), a computer mouse (14), or the like for manual input, are provided.
7. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche von 1 bis 6, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass ein Algorithmus vorgesehen ist, welcher systematisch jene Nahfeld-Antenne (2,3) oder jene Kombination von Nahfeld- Antennen mit dem Frequenzgenerator (40) oder den Frequenzgeneratoren ermittelt und zur Daten-Kommunikation verbindet, welche die am besten geeignete für die Bezugslage mindestens einer für die Kommunikation vorgesehenen Transponder-Antenne (16) gegenüber den Nahfeld- Antennen ist. 7. The device according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that an algorithm is provided which systematically determines those near field antenna (2,3) or that combination of near field antennas with the frequency generator (40) or the frequency generators and for data communication, which is the most suitable for the reference position of at least one intended for communication transponder antenna (16) over the near field antennas.
8. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche von 1 bis 7, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass ein Algorithmus vorgesehen ist, welcher systematisch jene Nahfeld-Antenne (2,3) oder jene Kombination von Nahfeld- Antennen ermittelt und kurzschließt, welche die am besten geeignete für die Bezugslage mindestens einer für die Kommunikation nicht vorgesehenen Transponder- Antenne (17) gegenüber den Nahfeld- Antennen ist.8. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that an algorithm is provided which systematically detects and short-circuits those near field antenna (2,3) or that combination of near field antennas which are the most suitable for the reference position of at least one not intended for communication transponder antenna (17) relative to the near field antennas.
9. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche von 1 bis 8, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass mindestens eine über einen Frequenzgenerator (40) gespeiste Nahfeld- Antenne (2,3) eine Querschnittsfläche (18) aufweist, die bei geeigneter Anordnung die Querschnittsfläche (19) mindestens einer Transponder-Antenne (16) zumindest vollständig überdeckt, oder mindestens zwei benachbarte Nahfeld- Antennen (2a,3a) eine Summen- Querschnittfläche (18a plus 18b) aufweisen, die die Querschnittsfläche (19) mindestens einer Transponder-Antenne (16) zumindest vollständig überdeckt.9. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one via a frequency generator (40) fed near field antenna (2,3) has a cross-sectional area (18), which, in a suitable arrangement, the cross-sectional area (19). at least one transponder antenna (16) at least completely covered, or at least two adjacent Nahfeld- antennas (2a, 3a) have a sum cross-sectional area (18a plus 18b), the cross-sectional area (19) of at least one transponder antenna (16) at least completely covered.
10. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche von 1 bis 8, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass sie Bestandteil einer Prüfeinrichtung oder Scanners für elektronisch ausgestattete Dokumente ist.10. The device according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it is part of a test device or scanner for electronically equipped documents.
Hierzu 3 Seiten Zeichnungen For this 3 pages drawings
PCT/DE2005/001447 2005-06-09 2005-08-16 Apparatus for communication with transponders via near-field antennas WO2006131086A1 (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0582137A2 (en) * 1992-08-01 1994-02-09 DIEHL GMBH & CO. Device for inductive high frequency interrogation of identification carriers
US20020117543A1 (en) * 1999-09-22 2002-08-29 Teamaxess Ticketing Gmbh Access control system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0582137A2 (en) * 1992-08-01 1994-02-09 DIEHL GMBH & CO. Device for inductive high frequency interrogation of identification carriers
US20020117543A1 (en) * 1999-09-22 2002-08-29 Teamaxess Ticketing Gmbh Access control system

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