WO2006126891A1 - Cylindrical reactor for continuous treatment of an agitated material composition for a predetermined retention time - Google Patents

Cylindrical reactor for continuous treatment of an agitated material composition for a predetermined retention time Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006126891A1
WO2006126891A1 PCT/NO2006/000196 NO2006000196W WO2006126891A1 WO 2006126891 A1 WO2006126891 A1 WO 2006126891A1 NO 2006000196 W NO2006000196 W NO 2006000196W WO 2006126891 A1 WO2006126891 A1 WO 2006126891A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reactor
chamber
ring
shaped member
material composition
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2006/000196
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Lars Aglen
Yngve Ulgenes
Original Assignee
Lars Aglen
Yngve Ulgenes
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lars Aglen, Yngve Ulgenes filed Critical Lars Aglen
Priority to DK06747655.6T priority Critical patent/DK1904225T3/en
Priority to AT06747655T priority patent/ATE547173T1/en
Priority to EP06747655A priority patent/EP1904225B1/en
Publication of WO2006126891A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006126891A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
    • B01F27/82—Pan-type mixers, i.e. mixers in which the stirring elements move along the bottom of a pan-shaped receptacle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/81—Combinations of similar mixers, e.g. with rotary stirring devices in two or more receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/81—Combinations of similar mixers, e.g. with rotary stirring devices in two or more receptacles
    • B01F33/811—Combinations of similar mixers, e.g. with rotary stirring devices in two or more receptacles in two or more consecutive, i.e. successive, mixing receptacles or being consecutively arranged
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/75—Discharge mechanisms
    • B01F35/751—Discharging by opening a gate, e.g. using discharge paddles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
    • B01J19/0066—Stirrers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
    • B01J19/1862—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside placed in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
    • B01J19/20—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside in the form of helices, e.g. screw reactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/34—Internal compartments or partitions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
    • C12M45/09—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by enzymatic treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00002—Chemical plants
    • B01J2219/00027—Process aspects
    • B01J2219/00033—Continuous processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00761—Details of the reactor
    • B01J2219/00763—Baffles
    • B01J2219/00779—Baffles attached to the stirring means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/18—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor
    • B01J2219/185—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor vertical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/19—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor
    • B01J2219/194—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round
    • B01J2219/1941—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round circular or disk-shaped
    • B01J2219/1943—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round circular or disk-shaped cylindrical

Definitions

  • Cylindrical reactor for continuous treatment of an agitated material composition for a predetermined retention time
  • the present invention concerns a reactor for continuous treatment of a material composition
  • a material composition comprising at least two components, such as organic material that is subjected to treatment with an enzyme or a mixture of enzymes.
  • the relevant enzymes are added to a raw material.
  • the enzymes have been added, it is important that the mixture is continuously agitated to ensure good contact between the enzymes and the raw material.
  • the material is contacted by the enzymes for a defined period of time.
  • this period of time it is equally important that the enzymatic decomposition is interrupted to avoid the excessive decomposition. This is normally obtained by heating the mixture of raw material and enzymes to a degree by which the enzymes are destroyed (deactivated).
  • a corresponding challenge occurs for a number of other chemical processes where a homogenous mixture of the entering components and a highly controlled reaction period is vital, a reaction period that neither can be significantly longer or significantly shorter than the optimal period if desired quality of the end product shall be obtainable.
  • the simplest way to ensure correct contact period is to use batch type reactors.
  • batch reactors a fixed volume (a tank or the like) is held at certain conditions for a certain period of time and thereafter the process is interrupted.
  • heating is as mentioned commonly used to deactivate enzymes.
  • large volumes are typically processed and if run as a batch process it will be difficult to heat the entire batch sufficiently rapid.
  • An alternative of running a high number of small batches would lead to comparatively high equipment costs.
  • the ideal solution is a continuous flow of a homogenously mixed raw material wherein the process is deactivated after a certain period of time. Allowing a continuous flow of raw material to pass through a large "complete mix" tank is not a good solution since the contact period for the individual components will be very hard to control.
  • a continuous production process it is desirable to obtain conditions that are as similar to a plug (piston) flow as possible. This means that any partial volume entering a process line should be discharged from the other end of the process line as the same partial volume. From well described hydraulic principles this can largely be obtained by arranging a number of complete mix chambers in a series.
  • the material to be treated in the reactor is sometimes referred to as "raw material”, sometimes as “the material”.
  • the reactor according to the present invention shall be describes more in detail as two exemplifying embodiments shown by the enclosed drawings.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross sectional side view of a reactor according to the present invention comprising five reactor chambers.
  • Fig. 2 is a partially sectioned perspective drawing of an arbitrary reactor chamber of the reactor in Fig. 3 illustrates schematically the material movement within a reactor chamber.
  • Fig. 4 is a side sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a reactor chamber.
  • the reactor comprises a vertical, cylindrical tank 1 with an inlet 2 for raw material and on outlet 3 for discharging material after completed reaction.
  • the vertical tank 1 is divided into several chambers 4 ! by circular plates 5ithat are tightly fit against the inner wall of the tank 1 and thus separate the chambers 4, from one another.
  • the index "i" indicates that an arbitrary element among several principally equal elements is discussed. Such indices are not consistently used in the drawings, however.
  • the number of chambers 4, that the tank is divided into is decided by the number of circular plates 5,.
  • a conduit O 1 that extends from the plate and to a height within the chamber , e.g. to half the height of the chamber.
  • This conduit connects one chamber to the next so that material being treated may pass through the conduit to an adjacent chamber 4, +] beneath.
  • the cross-section of the conduit 6, must be adapted to the type of raw material being treated.
  • the conduit should, however, not be wider than allowing raw material to pass through by means of a slight overpressure, thereby avoiding movement back and forth between the chambers. In general the direction of movement of material in the reactor is downwards from above.
  • a centric shaft 7 being extends from top to bottom of the shown reactor 1 held by a bearing 8 at the reactor bottom.
  • the shaft is rotated by means of a motor 9 with gear at the top pf the tank.
  • the shaft 7 is preferably assembled from several sections by means of connecting couplings 12 with one coupling per chamber.
  • the shaft 7 passes through a guiding muff 11 arranged in the conduits 6 between each chamber.
  • a paddle mechanism 10 is connected to the shaft 7 in each chamber to facilitate movement and agitation of the raw material/ material in the chambers.
  • a preferred embodiment of the paddle mechanism is shown in Fig. 2 where one chamber is shown partially opened and in perspective.
  • the shown paddle mechanism 10 comprises a ring-shaped member 13, which is attached to the shaft 7 by two sets of bars 14 and 15(like spokes in a wheel).
  • an agitating member 16i is attached having the shape of a tilted (propeller) blade.
  • the lower bars 15 extend radially beyond the ring-shaped member 13, and end in outer, aslant blades 17, that are closely adjacent to the tank wall.
  • a deflector 18 which is positioned straight below the conduit 6,.i of the above adjacent chamber 4,.i.
  • each circular plate 5 To the lower side of each circular plate 5,. ! that separates the chambers 4,_i and 4, there are normally attached a set of vertical plates 19, that serve to decelerate circular flow of material in the chamber 4,.
  • the vertical plates 19i are attached to the reactor top in the absence of a circular plate.
  • a vertical tubing 20 On the outside of the reactor 1 and connected to the inlet 2 a vertical tubing 20 is arranged having branches 21 j provided with valves 22; that may be opened and closed separately, connected to each chamber 4,.
  • the reactor 1 size is adapted so that a defined flow rate corresponds to a desired contact period or reaction period for the raw material passing through the reactor.
  • conduit 6 1 opening is at a certain elevation above the bottom of each reactor chamber 4,, particles that tend to settle out of the dispersion are not able to "short-circuit" the reactor by passing through the reactor more rapid than other material.
  • the diameter of the conduit 6, is normally chosen small enough to avoid that its extension will decide the level of material in the reactor chambers.
  • the reactor chambers A x may thus be full even if the conduits 6 1 only extend to half the height of the chambers.
  • the movement of the raw material in each chamber is shown in Figure 3.
  • the paddle mechanism 10, in each chamber 4 rotates with an angular velocity controlled by the motor 9.
  • the agitating member 16, attached to the lower bar 15j of the ring-shaped member 13i will during rotation force the raw material upwards in the chamber.
  • the agitating member 1O 1 will induce a movement comprising a horizontal as well as a vertical component of movement. Since the ring- shaped member 13 j constitutes a physical barrier between the outer part of the chamber (close to the chamber wall) and the inner part of the chamber (close to its centre) a flow of material as shown in Figure 3 will be established in the chamber.
  • the vertical plates 19j will retard the horizontal circular component of movement of the raw material.
  • the aslant blades ⁇ 1 ⁇ attached to the lower bar 15i and moving along the outermost part of the chamber prevent formation of "dead" zones near the reactor's outer wall where particles and other material may settle. It is important that the rotational speed is high enough to hold particles in the raw material in dispersion. Since the movement of the raw material is generally upwards close to the centre of each chamber (within the ring-shaped member 13;) a random selection of particles will enter the conduit to the next chamber, leading to a desired statistical retention time. With a significant number of chambers in series as with the illustrated reactor, a flow close to a plug flow is in practice achieved.
  • the plate 18j attached to the shaft 7 ensures that the raw material entering a chamber from the chamber 4 ⁇ 1 above is directed outwards and follows the general flow within the chamber, cf. Figure 3. In this manner material entering a chamber is prevented from passing directly through to the next conduit 6, thereby "short circuiting" the chamber.
  • valves 22 ! - 22 5 are opened according to a system ensuring that the chambers are emptied in the right sequence and that the material mainly passes through the respective chambers to obtain the desired retention time.
  • First valves 22i and 22 2 are opened so that there is passage between first and second chamber. Chamber 4j can not be emptied completely through conduit 6j since it extends up from the bottom of the chamber. When the level of raw material in chamber A ⁇ has reached the top of the conduit the remaining material must be drained through the external tube where valves 22t and 22 2 are open. When the level in chamber 4 2 has been reduced valve 22 3 must be opened in order to drain this chamber completely etc. This procedure may be conducted manually or automatically and can be controlled by level sensors in each chamber.
  • the reactor according to the present invention may be easily dismantled for maintenance and service.
  • the shaft 7 may be withdrawn and dismantled by removing the connecting cpuplingsl2j.
  • the paddle mechanisms 10; arranged in each chamber can be removed and the bottom plates 5; dividing the reactor in separate chambers 4j may be lifted out. Maintenance may follow a planned scheme or may be performed if any kind of damage occurs.
  • the outer wall will normally be in one piece only but may also be sectionized, e.g. in sections corresponding to the height of one, two or three chambers 4 ⁇ . More normally the reactor outer wall is a one-piece structure among which a number of variants may be chosen to build with modules reactors with a desired number of chambers.
  • a typical use of the reactor as described above is for the enzymatic treatment of krill or corresponding organisms with a composition allowing the material/ suspension to be a homogenous one for the entire treatment process.
  • the continuous reactor will not work according to the presumptions. This may typically be the case if larger organisms such as fish or crabs are hydrolysed.
  • One relevant area of use is treatment of grounded back and head of fish.
  • the protein will be fluid like water. The bones will be released and will due to their higher density sink. In such a case a reactor as shown in Figure 4 is used.
  • FIG. 4 close to the periphery of each chamber 4 ⁇ , or at least in a distance from the periphery, there is arranged an opening 25j which may be opened or closed by means of a slide damper 26j which in turn is controlled by means of a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 27j which in turn is controlled by a motor (not shown). According to this embodiment of the reactor according to the invention there is no central opening between the individual chambers 4.
  • Material is continuously fed to the first chamber 4i.
  • the mass is agitated while the chamber is filled up.
  • the slide damper 2O 1 is opened and the mass drained batchwise to the next chamber 4 2 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

Cylindrical reactor (1) for continuous treatment of an agitated material composition, comprising at least two components to be treated with a defined retention time. The reactor comprises a number of reactor chambers (4n) arranged in a mainly vertical column separated by bottom plates (5n). Each chamber () is provided with a paddle mechanism comprising a ring-shaped member (13 j) which is concentric with the reactor chamber and has a vertical extension, and at least one movable agitating member (16j) which is arranged to induce a vertical component of movement to the material in the chamber. Transportation of material from an arbitrary reactor chamber (4i) during stationary conditions takes place to the below adjacent reactor chamber (4j+1) either through a conduit (6i) attached to an extending up from the bottom plate (5j) of each chamber or through an opening (25;) provided with a slide damper (260 in the bottom plate (5j) of each chamber.

Description

Cylindrical reactor for continuous treatment of an agitated material composition for a predetermined retention time
The present invention concerns a reactor for continuous treatment of a material composition comprising at least two components, such as organic material that is subjected to treatment with an enzyme or a mixture of enzymes.
Background
When e.g. subjecting organic material to enzymatic treatment in the form of hydrolysis (decomposition) it is a provision for a successful result that the temperature of the material and the time during which the material is contacted (contact period) by the enzymes are controlled. Too long or too short contact periods will both be negative for the product resulting from the process and may lead to problems for the further treatment of the material and/ or may be negative with respect to the quality of the resulting product from a manufacturing process. Correct contact period is a central issue in this respect.
When utilizing industrial enzymes for hydrolysis or other forms of enzymatic processes, the relevant enzymes are added to a raw material. When the enzymes have been added, it is important that the mixture is continuously agitated to ensure good contact between the enzymes and the raw material. At the same time it is important that the material is contacted by the enzymes for a defined period of time. When this period of time has been reached it is equally important that the enzymatic decomposition is interrupted to avoid the excessive decomposition. This is normally obtained by heating the mixture of raw material and enzymes to a degree by which the enzymes are destroyed (deactivated).
A corresponding challenge occurs for a number of other chemical processes where a homogenous mixture of the entering components and a highly controlled reaction period is vital, a reaction period that neither can be significantly longer or significantly shorter than the optimal period if desired quality of the end product shall be obtainable.
The simplest way to ensure correct contact period is to use batch type reactors. In batch reactors a fixed volume (a tank or the like) is held at certain conditions for a certain period of time and thereafter the process is interrupted. In enzymatic processes heating is as mentioned commonly used to deactivate enzymes. In an industrial scale production large volumes are typically processed and if run as a batch process it will be difficult to heat the entire batch sufficiently rapid. An alternative of running a high number of small batches would lead to comparatively high equipment costs.
There are also other disadvantages related to batch processing compared to continuous processes irrespective of whether enzymes are involved or not. One such disadvantage is the high number of start up and shut-down of the process which is labour intensive and harder to automatize than continuous processes. In addition the conditions may typically vary unfavourably during start up and shut-down.
The ideal solution is a continuous flow of a homogenously mixed raw material wherein the process is deactivated after a certain period of time. Allowing a continuous flow of raw material to pass through a large "complete mix" tank is not a good solution since the contact period for the individual components will be very hard to control. In a continuous production process it is desirable to obtain conditions that are as similar to a plug (piston) flow as possible. This means that any partial volume entering a process line should be discharged from the other end of the process line as the same partial volume. From well described hydraulic principles this can largely be obtained by arranging a number of complete mix chambers in a series. If a high number of such complete mix reactors are arranged in a series, the resulting flow of material therethrough would be quit close to a plug flow. It can be shown mathematically that by arranging a high number of complete mix volumes (tanks) in a series, an almost ideal plug flow is obtained. This means that with such a design a partial volume that enters the process at the inlet will leave the process (be discharged) as the same partial volume having passed through the apparatus under good agitation and with a defined retention time (contact period).
Objectives
It is an object of the present invention to provide a reactor which allows advantages related to batch type processes in continuously run processes when the contact time between entering components in the process is a critical parameter for the product quality.
It is furthermore an object to be able to do so with means that are convenient and inexpensive in industrial scale.
It is hereunder a deviated object to provide a reactor for a mainly continuous process, said reactor treating the entering material as a plug flow.
The invention
The objects mentioned above are fulfilled by a reactor as defined in claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed by the dependent claims.
The material to be treated in the reactor is sometimes referred to as "raw material", sometimes as "the material". Below the reactor according to the present invention shall be describes more in detail as two exemplifying embodiments shown by the enclosed drawings.
Fig. 1 is a cross sectional side view of a reactor according to the present invention comprising five reactor chambers.
Fig. 2 is a partially sectioned perspective drawing of an arbitrary reactor chamber of the reactor in Fig. 3 illustrates schematically the material movement within a reactor chamber. Fig. 4 is a side sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a reactor chamber.
The reactor comprises a vertical, cylindrical tank 1 with an inlet 2 for raw material and on outlet 3 for discharging material after completed reaction. The vertical tank 1 is divided into several chambers 4! by circular plates 5ithat are tightly fit against the inner wall of the tank 1 and thus separate the chambers 4, from one another. The index "i" indicates that an arbitrary element among several principally equal elements is discussed. Such indices are not consistently used in the drawings, however. The number of chambers 4, that the tank is divided into is decided by the number of circular plates 5,. At the centre of each circular plate 5, there is according to a first embodiment of the invention a conduit O1 that extends from the plate and to a height within the chamber , e.g. to half the height of the chamber. This conduit connects one chamber to the next so that material being treated may pass through the conduit to an adjacent chamber 4,+] beneath. The cross-section of the conduit 6, must be adapted to the type of raw material being treated. The conduit should, however, not be wider than allowing raw material to pass through by means of a slight overpressure, thereby avoiding movement back and forth between the chambers. In general the direction of movement of material in the reactor is downwards from above.
A centric shaft 7 being extends from top to bottom of the shown reactor 1 held by a bearing 8 at the reactor bottom. The shaft is rotated by means of a motor 9 with gear at the top pf the tank. The shaft 7 is preferably assembled from several sections by means of connecting couplings 12 with one coupling per chamber. The shaft 7 passes through a guiding muff 11 arranged in the conduits 6 between each chamber.
A paddle mechanism 10, is connected to the shaft 7 in each chamber to facilitate movement and agitation of the raw material/ material in the chambers. A preferred embodiment of the paddle mechanism is shown in Fig. 2 where one chamber is shown partially opened and in perspective. The shown paddle mechanism 10, comprises a ring-shaped member 13, which is attached to the shaft 7 by two sets of bars 14 and 15(like spokes in a wheel). To the lower bar 15 an agitating member 16i is attached having the shape of a tilted (propeller) blade. The lower bars 15 extend radially beyond the ring-shaped member 13, and end in outer, aslant blades 17, that are closely adjacent to the tank wall.
To the shaft 7 is also attached a deflector 18, which is positioned straight below the conduit 6,.i of the above adjacent chamber 4,.i.
To the lower side of each circular plate 5,.! that separates the chambers 4,_i and 4, there are normally attached a set of vertical plates 19, that serve to decelerate circular flow of material in the chamber 4,. In the upper chamber 4X the vertical plates 19i are attached to the reactor top in the absence of a circular plate. On the outside of the reactor 1 and connected to the inlet 2 a vertical tubing 20 is arranged having branches 21 j provided with valves 22; that may be opened and closed separately, connected to each chamber 4,.
The reactor 1 size is adapted so that a defined flow rate corresponds to a desired contact period or reaction period for the raw material passing through the reactor. By dividing the reactor int a number of chambers the flow of material approaches a plug flow. With increasing number of chambers the flow comes closer to an ideal plug flow.
Below the mode op operation of the reactor according to the present invention as illustrated by the drawings 1-3, is described more closely in connection with a process for enzymatic treatment of a raw material, typically a marine raw material.
When the reactor is in continuous operation (steady state) raw material that immediately before has been mixed with enzymes are being pumped in a continuous flow through inlet 2. In the first chamber the material is thoroughly mixed by the paddle mechanism 1O1 and a substantially complete mix is obtained in this chamber. From the first chamber 4i the material is passed to the next chamber A2 through the conduit 6] at the centre of the circular plate 5^ In this next chamber 42 there is also a substantially complete mix ensured by the paddle mechanism IO2 and so forth. A corresponding amount (volume) treated material is discharged by conduit 3 as feed into the reactor by conduit 2. The raw material to be treated may typically have the form of a dispersion. Since the conduit 61 opening is at a certain elevation above the bottom of each reactor chamber 4,, particles that tend to settle out of the dispersion are not able to "short-circuit" the reactor by passing through the reactor more rapid than other material. The diameter of the conduit 6, is normally chosen small enough to avoid that its extension will decide the level of material in the reactor chambers. The reactor chambers Ax may thus be full even if the conduits 61 only extend to half the height of the chambers.
The movement of the raw material in each chamber is shown in Figure 3. The paddle mechanism 10, in each chamber 4, rotates with an angular velocity controlled by the motor 9. The agitating member 16, attached to the lower bar 15j of the ring-shaped member 13i will during rotation force the raw material upwards in the chamber. In practice the agitating member 1O1 will induce a movement comprising a horizontal as well as a vertical component of movement. Since the ring- shaped member 13 j constitutes a physical barrier between the outer part of the chamber (close to the chamber wall) and the inner part of the chamber (close to its centre) a flow of material as shown in Figure 3 will be established in the chamber. The vertical plates 19j will retard the horizontal circular component of movement of the raw material. The aslant blades \1\ attached to the lower bar 15i and moving along the outermost part of the chamber prevent formation of "dead" zones near the reactor's outer wall where particles and other material may settle. It is important that the rotational speed is high enough to hold particles in the raw material in dispersion. Since the movement of the raw material is generally upwards close to the centre of each chamber (within the ring-shaped member 13;) a random selection of particles will enter the conduit to the next chamber, leading to a desired statistical retention time. With a significant number of chambers in series as with the illustrated reactor, a flow close to a plug flow is in practice achieved.
The plate 18j attached to the shaft 7 ensures that the raw material entering a chamber from the chamber 4^1 above is directed outwards and follows the general flow within the chamber, cf. Figure 3. In this manner material entering a chamber is prevented from passing directly through to the next conduit 6, thereby "short circuiting" the chamber.
When the reactor is started all the chambers are empty. During start-up, that means until all chambers are filled - the external tube 20 is used. In the start-up period all valves 22i - 225 are open while the valves 23 and 24 are closed. In this way raw material containing enzymes is filled first to the lowermost chamber. During filling of the chambers no material is discharged through outlet 3. During start-up there is in theory neither any exchange of material between chambers.
When all the chambers have been filled, the raw material in the lowermost chamber has had the required treatment period and the valve 23 is opened while the valves 22] - 225 are all closed. The raw material that thereafter enters the reactor through inlet 2 is directed to the uppermost chamber while material that has received the desired treatment is discharged through outlet 3.
When the reactor is shut-down, material is pumped out through outlet 3 with such a rate that the correct retention time is achieved for the last entered raw material. For the emptying of the reactor the valves 22! - 225 are opened according to a system ensuring that the chambers are emptied in the right sequence and that the material mainly passes through the respective chambers to obtain the desired retention time.
First valves 22i and 222 are opened so that there is passage between first and second chamber. Chamber 4j can not be emptied completely through conduit 6j since it extends up from the bottom of the chamber. When the level of raw material in chamber A\ has reached the top of the conduit the remaining material must be drained through the external tube where valves 22t and 222 are open. When the level in chamber 42 has been reduced valve 223 must be opened in order to drain this chamber completely etc. This procedure may be conducted manually or automatically and can be controlled by level sensors in each chamber.
It is preferred that the reactor according to the present invention may be easily dismantled for maintenance and service. The shaft 7 may be withdrawn and dismantled by removing the connecting cpuplingsl2j. The paddle mechanisms 10; arranged in each chamber can be removed and the bottom plates 5; dividing the reactor in separate chambers 4j may be lifted out. Maintenance may follow a planned scheme or may be performed if any kind of damage occurs. The outer wall will normally be in one piece only but may also be sectionized, e.g. in sections corresponding to the height of one, two or three chambers 4\. More normally the reactor outer wall is a one-piece structure among which a number of variants may be chosen to build with modules reactors with a desired number of chambers.
A typical use of the reactor as described above is for the enzymatic treatment of krill or corresponding organisms with a composition allowing the material/ suspension to be a homogenous one for the entire treatment process.
If, however, the raw material is such that the material will separate into a fluid and a solid part during the reaction time the continuous reactor will not work according to the presumptions. This may typically be the case if larger organisms such as fish or crabs are hydrolysed. One relevant area of use is treatment of grounded back and head of fish. During the process in the reactor the protein will be fluid like water. The bones will be released and will due to their higher density sink. In such a case a reactor as shown in Figure 4 is used.
As shown by Figure 4 close to the periphery of each chamber 4\, or at least in a distance from the periphery, there is arranged an opening 25j which may be opened or closed by means of a slide damper 26j which in turn is controlled by means of a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 27j which in turn is controlled by a motor (not shown). According to this embodiment of the reactor according to the invention there is no central opening between the individual chambers 4.
Material is continuously fed to the first chamber 4i. The mass is agitated while the chamber is filled up. After a certain period of time the slide damper 2O1 is opened and the mass drained batchwise to the next chamber 42.
The agitation continuous and the batch proceeds further down the reactor to allow room for the next batch entering from above. In this manner complete mix volumes are allowed to be arranged in series. The time difference between first and last entrance will be maintained during the retention period.
Compared to the continuous reactor a higher number of chambers are required to obtain the same effect (close approximation to a plug flow).

Claims

Claims
1. Cylindrical reactor (1) for continuous treatment of an agitated material composition comprising at least two components, comprising a number of reactor chambers (4n) arranged in a mainly vertical column separated by bottom plates (5n) while transportation of the material composition from an arbitrary reactor chamber (4;)during stationary conditions is arranged to take place to the adjacent chamber below (4;+i), each reactor chamber (4j) being provided with a paddle mechanism (1Oj), characterized in that the paddle mechanism (1Oj) comprises a ring-shaped member (13;) which is concentric with the reactor chamber and has a vertical extension, and at least one movable agitating member (16,) which is arranged to induce a vertical component of movement to the material in the chamber.
2. Reactor (1) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that transportation from a chamber (4j) to a next chamber (4;+}) is arranged to take place continuously through a conduit (6;) attached to and extending up from the bottom plate (5;) of each chamber.
3. Reactor (1) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that transportation from a chamber (4j') to the next chamber (4j+i') is arranged to take place periodically through an opening (25 j) with a slide damper (26;) in the bottom plate (5;') of each chamber.
4. Reactor (1) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the ring-shaped member (13i) has a vertical extension corresponding to approximately half the height of the chamber and is arranged so that the vertical distance from a reactor bottom plate (5;) to the lower edge of the ring-shaped member (13;) is about the same as the vertical distance between the reactor chamber's top and the upper edge of the ring-shaped member (13;).
5. Reactor (1) as claimed in claim 1 or claim 4, characterized in that the movable agitating member (16;) the shape of an aslant plate arranged to rotate within the ring-shaped member (13;) in the reactor chamber (4;).
6. Reactor (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the paddle mechanism (10;) in each reactor chamber (4;) is arranged to be powered by means of a mainly vertical shaft (7) that extends through and is concentrically with the reactor chambers.
7. Reactor (1) as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the ring-shaped member (13;) is attached to the shaft (7) by means of upper bars (14;) and lower bars (15;) and that the agitating member (16;) is attached to a lower bar (15;) for during rotation to induce an upward component of movement of the material composition within the ring-shaped member (13j) in the reactor chamber (4j) and a downward component of movement of the material composition between the ring-shaped member and the reactor wall.
8. Reactor (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the paddle mechanism (10;) also comprises at least one aslant blade (17;) arranged close to the wall of the reactor chamber (4j) to prevent formation of dead zones along the wall.
9. Reactor (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the reactor chambers (4j) is provided with stationary, vertical plates (19;) that extend downwards from the bottom plate (5J-1) of the chamber (4J-1) above to reduce circular movement of the material composition in the reactor chamber (4;).
10. Reactor (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a deflector plate (18;) with a cross-section at least as large as the cross-section of the conduit (Oj-1) is arranged straight below the outlet of the conduit (6;.i) of the above adjacent reactor chamber (4J-1) to ensure that the material composition that enters the chamber (4i) is distributed in the chamber and not can pass directly through conduit (6;) of the chamber (4; ) in question down to the next reactor chamber (4m).
11. Reactor (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transition from bottom to reactor wall in each chamber is rounded.
10. Reactor (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the internal reactor components are comprised by modules with removable bottom plates (5;), removable paddle mechanisms (10;) and a removable and optionally dividable shaft (7).
12. Reactor (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reactor externally comprises or is attached to a supply system for raw material which in addition to a top valve (23) and a bottom valve (24) comprises valves (22;) level with the bottom of each reactor chamber (4;) to allow consistent treatment of the material also during start-up and shut-down.
PCT/NO2006/000196 2005-05-27 2006-05-26 Cylindrical reactor for continuous treatment of an agitated material composition for a predetermined retention time WO2006126891A1 (en)

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DK06747655.6T DK1904225T3 (en) 2005-05-27 2006-05-26 Cylindrical reactor for treating a stirred material composition for a predetermined holding time
AT06747655T ATE547173T1 (en) 2005-05-27 2006-05-26 CYLINDRICAL REACTOR FOR TREATING A STIRRED MATERIAL COMPOSITION OVER A PREFINED RETENTION TIME
EP06747655A EP1904225B1 (en) 2005-05-27 2006-05-26 Cylindrical reactor for the treatment of an agitated material composition for a predetermined retention time

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NO20052540A NO322996B1 (en) 2005-05-27 2005-05-27 Cylindrical reactor for continuous treatment of a material mixture with stirring and with defined residence time.
NO20052540 2005-05-27

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NO20052540D0 (en) 2005-05-27
EP1904225A1 (en) 2008-04-02
ATE547173T1 (en) 2012-03-15
DK1904225T3 (en) 2012-06-04
EP1904225A4 (en) 2010-10-20
NO322996B1 (en) 2006-12-18

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