WO2006124177A1 - Systeme de detection de fuite pour dispositif medical a catheter - Google Patents
Systeme de detection de fuite pour dispositif medical a catheter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006124177A1 WO2006124177A1 PCT/US2006/014540 US2006014540W WO2006124177A1 WO 2006124177 A1 WO2006124177 A1 WO 2006124177A1 US 2006014540 W US2006014540 W US 2006014540W WO 2006124177 A1 WO2006124177 A1 WO 2006124177A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- medical device
- fluid
- leak
- fluid communication
- lumen
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by cooling, e.g. cryogenic techniques
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by cooling, e.g. cryogenic techniques
- A61B2018/0212—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by cooling, e.g. cryogenic techniques using an instrument inserted into a body lumen, e.g. catheter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by cooling, e.g. cryogenic techniques
- A61B2018/0231—Characteristics of handpieces or probes
- A61B2018/0262—Characteristics of handpieces or probes using a circulating cryogenic fluid
Definitions
- the invention relates to medical devices, and more particularly to minimally invasive surgical systems.
- Angioplasty catheters can require fluid-tight passages or channels for circulating a cooling fluid (liquid or gas) through a catheter to cool an electro-surgical structure, such as radio frequency ablation electrode, to prevent overheating of the electrode or of surrounding tissue.
- a cooling or cryogenic fluid can be reduce the temperature of a structure, such as an ablation surface, to a therapeutic temperature.
- the present invention provides a medical device having an elongate body defining an injection lumen and an exhaust lumen, as well as a first pliable element defining a cooling chamber disposed at a point along the elongate body, the cooling chamber in fluid communication with the injection lumen and the exhaust lumen.
- a second pliable element at least partially encloses the first pliable element, defining a junction between the first and second pliable element.
- the medical device further includes a first leak detector in fluid communication with the cooling chamber and a second leak detector in fluid communication with the junction.
- a check valve may be included in fluid communication with the junction, the check valve further being in fluid communication with the exhaust lumen.
- a cryogenic fluid supply may be in fluid communication with the injection lumen, while a vacuum source is provided in fluid communication with the exhaust lumen.
- a control unit is also included in communication with the first and second leak detector, wherein the control unit is responsive to output from the first and second leak detectors to control fluid flow through the medical device.
- Exemplary leak detection apparatus include an impedance measurement circuit, an infrared sensor, a pulsed ultrasonic device, or a length of duplex wire having a portion of insulation removed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a minimally invasive surgical system including a leak detection system in accordance with the invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary cryocatheter tip with a leak detection circuit
- FIG. 3 illustrates a porous, insulated, conductive wire within a cryocatheter tip
- FIG. 4 illustrates another leak detection device
- FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of a catheter tip with a leak detector device
- FIG. 6 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a leak detector device.
- surgical device is intended to encompass any surgical implement used in association with human or animal medical treatment, diagnosis, study, or analysis. More particularly, a surgical device is intended to encompass any implement or portion thereof that is entirely or partially inserted into a human or animal body by any means of entry, such as through a natural body orifice, an incision, or a puncture.
- the term surgical device is not intended to connote a limitation to treatment of a single body system, organ, or site.
- the surgical device can be rigid as a thick steel pipe, completely flexible and pliant like a thread, or have a flexibility between the two extremes.
- the surgical device can have a diameter that ranges from inches to microns.
- fluid is intended to encompass materials in a liquid state, a gas state, or in a transition state between liquid and gas, and liquid and solid.
- the fluid can be a "cryogenic fluid” capable of reaching or creating extremely cold temperatures well below the freezing point of water, such as below minus 20 degrees Centigrade; a "cooling fluid” that does not reach or create temperatures below the freezing point of water; a fluid capable of transferring heat away from a relatively warmer structure or body tissue; a fluid capable of transferring heat to a relatively cooler structure or body tissue; a fluid at or capable of creating a temperature between the freezing and boiling points of water; and a fluid at or capable of reaching or creating a temperature above the boiling point of water.
- a "fluid path" as used herein is intended to encompass any boundary, channel or guide through which a fluid can travel. It can include concentrically disposed catheters, multi-lumen catheters, or a single loop of tubing within a sheath. The fluid path can also include connectors and valves, as well as passages in support equipment, such as the console disclosed herein.
- FIG. 1 an exemplary surgical device is illustrated for minimally invasive surgery.
- the surgical device includes a console 10 and a multilumen catheter 12.
- the console 10 houses electronics and software for controlling and recording a surgical procedure, such as ablation, and it controls delivery of liquid refrigerant under high pressure from a supply container 13, through an umbilical 14, to the catheter 12.
- a second umbilical 16 is provided for transferring refrigerant from the catheter 12 to console 10.
- the console 10 is provided with apparatus 15 for recovery of expanded refrigerant vapor from the catheter and recompression of the vapor.
- Either or both of the catheter 12 and the console 10 can be provided with detection devices that are in electrical communication with the console and which provide a signal output that can be representative of an event that indicates flow path integrity loss or a leak within a sealed catheter and/or console.
- a first detection device or leak detector 18 can be provided in a body or tip portion of the catheter 12.
- a second leak detector 20 can be provided in the handle portion 21 of the catheter 12; and
- a third leak detector 22 can be provided in the console 10.
- the console 10 can be configured to respond to signal output from the leak detectors and initiate a predetermined sequence of events, such as discontinuing refrigerant injection, changing the pressure within the system, and controlling removal of refrigerant from the catheter 12.
- the purpose and function of the leak detectors is better understood once another feature of the invention is introduced, namely, a vacuum pump 24, as shown in FIG. 1 in fluid communication with a catheter 12.
- the third leak detector 22 can be interposed between the vacuum pump 24 and the catheter 16.
- the vacuum pump 24 is controllable to reduce the pressure within the return lumen of the catheter 12 and the second umbilical 16 to provide a pressure ranging from a pure vacuum to a pressure just below a patient's blood pressure.
- the vacuum can maintain a selected pressure between 80 mm Hg and 0 mm Hg.
- the provision of reduced pressure within the return flow path of the catheter significantly enhances patient safety because, should a leak occur, refrigerant will not squirt from the leak into the patient.
- bodily fluids in the treatment site will be aspirated into the catheter whereupon they are sensed by one or more of the leak detectors.
- the refrigerant injection is turned off automatically and vacuum is kept on to ensure that no refrigerant enters the patient's body.
- the first leak detector 18 can be a simple circuit formed by a wire, such as a pull-wire used to help steer the catheter tip, and a conductive catheter tip portion.
- a wire 26 is electrically isolated from a metal catheter tip 28 and metal electrode rings 29.
- the wire is secured to a non-conductive support element 30.
- a refrigerant injection tube 32 is also shown. The electrical impedance between the wire 26 and the catheter tip 28 is monitored. If a liquid enters the catheter 12 and touches the wire 26 and the tip 28, a short is created which is detectable by circuitry in the console.
- the wire 26 and one or more of the electrode rings 29 can be included in the impedance circuit.
- catheters 12 may include multiple conductors running within one or more lumens and electrical insulation on the conductors is necessary to avoid unwanted electrical connections and interferences.
- Many such catheters also contain uninsulated wires, for example as mechanical deflectors to alter catheter configuration, or for example as stiffening agents to alter catheter flexibility or pushability.
- uninsulated wires for example as mechanical deflectors to alter catheter configuration, or for example as stiffening agents to alter catheter flexibility or pushability.
- the pull wire or other wire that is part of the leak detection circuit
- contacts another uninsulated wire, electrode ring or other conductive element a false leak detection signal could be generated. Accordingly, a form of insulation that provides mechanical insulation while allowing fluid conductivity is desirable.
- FIG. 3 discloses a wire 34 (such as a pull wire) that is part of the leak detection circuit.
- the wire 34 is covered with a porous material 36, such as a fabric, salt-depleted polymer, or laser drilled polymer, that provides mechanical insulation in the dry state by the physical bulk and separation of the porous material, which allows passage of ionic fluids to the thus insulated wire to complete the electrical leak detection circuit.
- a porous material 36 such as a fabric, salt-depleted polymer, or laser drilled polymer
- the first leak detector 18 is well suited for detecting leaks at or near the distal end of the catheter 12, a leak may develop between the distal end and the handle portion 21 of the catheter and an infrared sensor can be disposed in the handle as the second leak detector 20. As soon as the first and/or second leak detectors output a signal to the console indicative of a leak, the refrigerant injection can be stopped.
- an infrared sensor 38 with a wavelength sensitive to blood composition is disposed in sensing range with a transparent window 40 or tube along or forming part of the return fluid flow path 42.
- a third leak detector 22 (shown in FIG. 1) is provided further downstream in the fluid flow path to not only provide a last opportunity for detection, but to also detect when a selected volume of blood has been aspirated (a relatively small amount) and to then terminate vacuum operation or aspiration. Depending on placement of the third leak detector, it can prevent blood contamination of the entire fluid flow path within the console 10.
- leak detection may be provided for a catheter having one or more expandable elements, e.g., a balloon catheter or the like.
- FIG. 5 shows an alternative body or tip portion 50 of the catheter 12.
- the multi-lumen catheter 12 defines both an injection lumen 52 and an exhaust lumen 54.
- a guidewire lumen 56 is also provided, such that a portion of the catheter may be positionable over a guidewire to aid in steering the catheter to a desired tissue site.
- FIG. 5 shows the injection lumen 52 coiled around a portion of the guidewire lumen 56, the injection lumen 52 may be any conduit situated such that it is capable of delivering fluid to the cooling chamber 60.
- the catheter further includes a first pliable element 58 defining a cooling chamber 60 disposed along a portion of the catheter, where the cooling chamber 60 is in fluid communication with both the injection and exhaust lumens.
- the injection lumen 52, cooling chamber 60, and exhaust lumen 54 define a first fluid path through which a cryogenic fluid or the like may circulate.
- the catheter 12 further provides a second pliable element 62 at least partially enclosing the first pliable element 58, thereby defining a junction 64 between the first and second pliable elements.
- the second pliable element 62 provides a safeguard to prevent fluid from leaking out of the cooling chamber 60 and into surrounding tissue should the first pliable element 58, and therefore the cooling chamber 60, rupture or develop a leak.
- the junction 64 between the first and second pliable elements may be substantially under a vacuum, such that the first and second pliable elements are generally in contact with each other, with little or no open space between them.
- a check valve 66 is provided in fluid communication with the junction 64 between the first and second pliable elements, with the check valve 66 also being in fluid communication with the exhaust lumen 54.
- the check valve 66 is a one way valve that prevents fluid from traveling from the exhaust lumen 54 into the junction 64 between the first and second pliable elements, yet allows fluid, if any, to flow from the junction 64 between the first and second pliable elements towards the exhaust lumen 54.
- the check valve 66 may be such that the valve opens automatically in response to a pressure change in the junction 64.
- a first leak detector 68 may be included in fluid communication with the junction 64 to provide the ability to detect any ingress of blood or fluid into the junction 64, thereby indicating a leak or other structural compromise of the catheter.
- a second leak detector 70 may be included in fluid communication with the exhaust lumen 54, which could indicate when a leak in the guidewire lumen or other structural breach has allowed fluid ingress into the exhaust lumen 54.
- first and second leak detectors are described as independent, they may be in communication with each other at some point along the length of the catheter, i.e., the second leak detector 70 may be an extension or branch of the first leak detector 68.
- the first and second leak detectors can detect an ingress of fluid by providing an impedance measurement, which would change upon the presence of blood or other foreign fluids within the junction 64 or exhaust lumen 54.
- the leak detectors may include an insulated length of duplex wire 72, where a portion of the wire insulation has been stripped as shown in FIG. 6. Although the individual wires remain insulated from each other even after being stripped, a short between the wires will be created by the presence of a conductive fluid, thereby indicating a leak.
- the leak detectors maybe in electrical communication with the console 10 and can provide a signal output representative of a loss of flow path integrity. Subsequently, the console 10 can initiate a predetermined sequence of events, such as discontinuing fluid injection, or evacuation of the fluid remaining in the catheter.
- fluid flow is provided through the first fluid path.
- At least partially surrounding the first pliable element 58 is the second pliable element 62, with the junction 64 formed therebetween substantially under a vacuum.
- the check valve 66 is provided in fluid communication with both the junction 64 between the first and second pliable element as well as the exhaust lumen 54, the fluid pressure in the exhaust lumen 54 is higher than that of the vacuum pressure in the junction 64. As a result, the check valve 66 remains closed under normal operating conditions, preventing any fluid flow through the check valve 66.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
La présente invention concerne un dispositif médical muni d'un corps allongé, qui comprend une lumière d'injection, une lumière de sortie, et une lumière de fil guide. Le dispositif médical comprend en outre un premier élément souple qui définit une chambre de refroidissement, et un deuxième élément souple enfermant au moins partiellement le premier élément souple, qui définit une jonction entre les premier et deuxième éléments souples. De plus, selon l'invention, un premier détecteur de fuite est en communication fluidique avec la chambre de refroidissement, alors qu'un deuxième détecteur de fuite est en communication fluidique avec la jonction. Le dispositif médical de l'invention peut aussi être en communication avec un pupitre de commande, une alimentation en fluide, ou une source de vide.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT06750547T ATE433722T1 (de) | 2005-05-13 | 2006-04-17 | Leckerfassungssystem für eine medizinische vorrichtung auf katheterbasis |
EP06750547A EP1887957B1 (fr) | 2005-05-13 | 2006-04-17 | Systeme de detection de fuite pour dispositif medical a catheter |
CA2607209A CA2607209C (fr) | 2005-05-13 | 2006-04-17 | Systeme de detection de fuite pour dispositif medical a catheter |
DE602006007344T DE602006007344D1 (de) | 2005-05-13 | 2006-04-17 | Leckerfassungssystem für eine medizinische vorrichtung auf katheterbasis |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11717599P | 1999-01-25 | 1999-01-25 | |
US09/489,707 US6569158B1 (en) | 1999-01-25 | 2000-01-24 | Leak detection system |
US10/124,560 US6761714B2 (en) | 1999-01-25 | 2002-04-17 | Leak detection system |
US10/889,620 US7404816B2 (en) | 1999-01-25 | 2004-07-12 | Leak detection system |
US11/129,021 | 2005-05-13 | ||
US11/129,021 US20050228367A1 (en) | 1999-01-25 | 2005-05-13 | Leak detection system for catheter based medical device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006124177A1 true WO2006124177A1 (fr) | 2006-11-23 |
Family
ID=37698350
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2006/014540 WO2006124177A1 (fr) | 1999-01-25 | 2006-04-17 | Systeme de detection de fuite pour dispositif medical a catheter |
Country Status (1)
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WO (1) | WO2006124177A1 (fr) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011014812A1 (fr) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-03 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Systèmes et procédés de régulation des niveaux de pression dans un espace d'élément d'inter-extension d'un système de cryoablation |
WO2012058167A1 (fr) * | 2010-10-26 | 2012-05-03 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Dispositifs cryothérapeutiques de neuromodulation et systèmes et procédés associés |
US9017317B2 (en) | 2012-12-06 | 2015-04-28 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Refrigerant supply system for cryotherapy including refrigerant recompression and associated devices, systems, and methods |
US9060754B2 (en) | 2010-10-26 | 2015-06-23 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Neuromodulation cryotherapeutic devices and associated systems and methods |
US9095321B2 (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2015-08-04 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Cryotherapeutic devices having integral multi-helical balloons and methods of making the same |
US9241752B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2016-01-26 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Shafts with pressure relief in cryotherapeutic catheters and associated devices, systems, and methods |
US9861422B2 (en) | 2015-06-17 | 2018-01-09 | Medtronic, Inc. | Catheter breach loop feedback fault detection with active and inactive driver system |
US10004550B2 (en) | 2010-08-05 | 2018-06-26 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Cryoablation apparatuses, systems, and methods for renal neuromodulation |
WO2019079179A1 (fr) * | 2017-10-16 | 2019-04-25 | Cryterion Medical, Inc. | Ensemble de détection de fluide pour un dispositif médical |
US10492842B2 (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2019-12-03 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Monitoring and controlling internally administered cryotherapy |
US10588682B2 (en) | 2011-04-25 | 2020-03-17 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Apparatus and methods related to constrained deployment of cryogenic balloons for limited cryogenic ablation of vessel walls |
US10905490B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2021-02-02 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Cryotherapeutic devices for renal neuromodulation and associated systems and methods |
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US20020007180A1 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2002-01-17 | Dan Wittenberger | Cryotreatment device and method |
US20030004504A1 (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2003-01-02 | Marwan Abboud | Leak detection system |
US20040243119A1 (en) * | 1999-08-23 | 2004-12-02 | Cryocath Technologies Inc. | Endovascular cryotreatment catheter |
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2006
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US20040158238A1 (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2004-08-12 | Cryocath Technologies Inc. | Closed loop catheter coolant system |
US20040243119A1 (en) * | 1999-08-23 | 2004-12-02 | Cryocath Technologies Inc. | Endovascular cryotreatment catheter |
US20020007180A1 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2002-01-17 | Dan Wittenberger | Cryotreatment device and method |
US20050245943A1 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2005-11-03 | Galil Medical Ltd. | Method of controlling the temperature of gasses passing through a Joule-Thomson orifice |
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011014812A1 (fr) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-03 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Systèmes et procédés de régulation des niveaux de pression dans un espace d'élément d'inter-extension d'un système de cryoablation |
US8591504B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2013-11-26 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Systems and methods for regulating pressure levels in an inter-expansion-element space of a cryoablation system |
US10004550B2 (en) | 2010-08-05 | 2018-06-26 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Cryoablation apparatuses, systems, and methods for renal neuromodulation |
US9439708B2 (en) | 2010-10-26 | 2016-09-13 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Neuromodulation cryotherapeutic devices and associated systems and methods |
US9060755B2 (en) | 2010-10-26 | 2015-06-23 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Neuromodulation cryotherapeutic devices and associated systems and methods |
US9060754B2 (en) | 2010-10-26 | 2015-06-23 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Neuromodulation cryotherapeutic devices and associated systems and methods |
US9066713B2 (en) | 2010-10-26 | 2015-06-30 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Neuromodulation cryotherapeutic devices and associated systems and methods |
US8945107B2 (en) | 2010-10-26 | 2015-02-03 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Neuromodulation cryotherapeutic devices and associated systems and methods |
WO2012058167A1 (fr) * | 2010-10-26 | 2012-05-03 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Dispositifs cryothérapeutiques de neuromodulation et systèmes et procédés associés |
US10188445B2 (en) | 2010-10-26 | 2019-01-29 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Neuromodulation cryotherapeutic devices and associated systems and methods |
US10842547B2 (en) | 2010-10-26 | 2020-11-24 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Neuromodulation cryotherapeutic devices and associated systems and methods |
US10588682B2 (en) | 2011-04-25 | 2020-03-17 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Apparatus and methods related to constrained deployment of cryogenic balloons for limited cryogenic ablation of vessel walls |
US11751931B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2023-09-12 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Cryotherapeutic devices for renal neuromodulation and associated systems and methods |
US9241752B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2016-01-26 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Shafts with pressure relief in cryotherapeutic catheters and associated devices, systems, and methods |
US10905490B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2021-02-02 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Cryotherapeutic devices for renal neuromodulation and associated systems and methods |
US9872718B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2018-01-23 | Medtronic Adrian Luxembourg S.a.r.l. | Shafts with pressure relief in cryotherapeutic catheters and associated devices, systems, and methods |
US9095321B2 (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2015-08-04 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Cryotherapeutic devices having integral multi-helical balloons and methods of making the same |
US9017317B2 (en) | 2012-12-06 | 2015-04-28 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Refrigerant supply system for cryotherapy including refrigerant recompression and associated devices, systems, and methods |
US10492842B2 (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2019-12-03 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Monitoring and controlling internally administered cryotherapy |
US11406437B2 (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2022-08-09 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Monitoring and controlling internally administered cryotherapy |
US9861422B2 (en) | 2015-06-17 | 2018-01-09 | Medtronic, Inc. | Catheter breach loop feedback fault detection with active and inactive driver system |
WO2019079179A1 (fr) * | 2017-10-16 | 2019-04-25 | Cryterion Medical, Inc. | Ensemble de détection de fluide pour un dispositif médical |
US11284929B2 (en) | 2017-10-16 | 2022-03-29 | Cryterion Medical, Inc. | Fluid detection assembly for a medical device |
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