WO2006116355A1 - Ortho-terphenyl inhibitors of p38 kinase and methods of treating inflammatory disorders - Google Patents

Ortho-terphenyl inhibitors of p38 kinase and methods of treating inflammatory disorders Download PDF

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WO2006116355A1
WO2006116355A1 PCT/US2006/015552 US2006015552W WO2006116355A1 WO 2006116355 A1 WO2006116355 A1 WO 2006116355A1 US 2006015552 W US2006015552 W US 2006015552W WO 2006116355 A1 WO2006116355 A1 WO 2006116355A1
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group
optionally substituted
alkyl
hydrogen
alkoxy
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PCT/US2006/015552
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French (fr)
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Daniel L. Severance
Elisabeth M.M. Gardiner
Stewart A. Noble
Boliang Lou
Allen J. Borchardt
Mehmet Kahraman
Jeffrey R. Roppe
Dana L. Siegel
Shawn A. Scranton
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Kalypsys, Inc.
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Priority to CA002605603A priority Critical patent/CA2605603A1/en
Priority to EP06751314A priority patent/EP1871770A1/en
Publication of WO2006116355A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006116355A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/415—1,2-Diazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/425—Thiazoles
    • A61K31/426—1,3-Thiazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/433—Thidiazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
    • C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D263/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
    • C07D263/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
    • C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D277/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D277/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D277/56—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to new ortho-terphenyl compounds and compositions and their application as pharmaceuticals for the treatment of disease.
  • Methods of inhibition of p38 kinase activity 10 in a human or animal subject are also provided for the treatment diseases such as inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, destructive bone disorders, proliferative disorders, angiogenic disorders, infectious diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral diseases.
  • the present invention relates to inhibitors of p38, a mammalian protein kinase involved in cell proliferation, cell death and response to extracellular stimuli.
  • the invention also relates to methods for producing these inhibitors.
  • the invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the inhibitors of the present invention and methods of utilizing those compositions in the treatment and prevention of various disorders.
  • the compounds are potent inhibitors of p38 kinase and are useful in the
  • p38 kinase mediated diseases or disorders such as inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, destructive bone disorders, proliferative disorders, angiogenic disorders, infectious diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral diseases.
  • p38 ⁇ ./ ⁇ / ⁇ / ⁇ The human p38 ⁇ enzyme was initially identified as a target of cytokine-suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs (CSAIDs) and the two isoenzymes
  • CSAID binding protein-1 (CSBP-I) and CSBP-2 [Lee, J. C. et al, Nature
  • CSBP-2 is now widely referred to as p38 ⁇ and differs from CSBP-I in an internal sequence of 25 amino acids as a result of differential splicing of two exons that are conserved in both mouse and human [McDonnell, P. C. et al, Genomics 1995, 29, 301-2].
  • CSBP-I and p38 ⁇ are expressed ubiquitously and there is no difference between the two isoforms with respect to tissue
  • a second isoform is p38 ⁇ which has 70% identity with p38 ⁇ .
  • a second form of p38 ⁇ termed p38 ⁇ 2, is also known, and of the two this is believed to be the major form.
  • P38 ⁇ and p38 ⁇ 2 are expressed in many different tissues. However in monocytes and macrophages p38 ⁇ is the predominant kinase activity [Lee, J. C, ibid; .ling, Y. et al, J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271 , 10531-34; Hale, K. K. et al, J. Immun. 1999, 162, 4246-52].
  • P38 ⁇ and p38 ⁇ are expressed in many different tissues. However in monocytes and macrophages p38 ⁇ is the predominant kinase activity [Lee, J. C, ibid; .ling, Y. et al, J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271 , 10531-34; Hale, K. K
  • SAP kinase-3 and SAP kinase-4 have .about.63% and .about.61% homology to p38 ⁇ respectively.
  • P38 ⁇ is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle whilst p38 ⁇ is found in testes, pancreas, prostate, small intestine and in certain endocrine tissues.
  • All p38 homologues and splice variants contain a 12 amino acid activation loop that includes a Thr-Gly-Tyr motif.
  • Dual phosphorylation of both Thr-180 and Tyr-182 in the TGY motif by a dual specificity upstream kinase is essential for the activation of p38 and results in a >1000-fold increase in specific activity of these enzymes [Doza, Y. N. et al FEBS Lett., 1995, 364, 7095-8012].
  • This dual phosphorylation is effected by MKK6 and under certain conditions the related enzyme MKK3 (see FIG. 1) [Enslen, H. et al J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273,1741 -48].
  • MKK3 and MKK6 belong to a family of enzymes termed MAPKK (mitogen activating protein kinase kinase) which are in turn activated by MAPKKK (mitogen activating protein kinase kinase kinase) otherwise known as MAP3K.
  • MEKK4/MTK1 MAP or ERK kinase kinase/MAP three kinase-1
  • ASKl apoptosis stimulated kinase
  • TAKl TGF- ⁇ -activated kinase
  • TAKl has been shown to activate MKK6 in response to transforming growth factor- ⁇ (TGF- ⁇ ).
  • TNF- stimulated activation of p38 is believed to be mediated by the recruitment of TRAF2 [TNF receptor associated factor] and the Fas adaptor protein, Daxx, which results in the activation of ASKl and subsequently p38.
  • kinases e.g. MAPK activated protein kinase 2/3/5 (MAPKAP 2/3/5).
  • PRAK MAP kinase- interacting kinase 1/2
  • MSK1/RLPK mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1
  • RSK-B ribosomal S6 kinase-B
  • MAPKAP K2 activating transcription factor 2/6 (ATF2/6), monocyte-enhancer factor-2A/C (MEF2A/C), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Elkl and Sap- I aI] and others substrates [e.g. cPLA2, p47phox].
  • MAPKAP K2 is activated by p38 in response to environmental stress. Mice engineered to lack
  • MAPKAP K2 do not produce TNF in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Production of several other cytokines such as IL- I , IL-6, IFN-g and IL-I O is also partially inhibited [Kotlyarov, A. et al Nature Cell Biol. 1999, 1 , 94-7]. Further, MAPKAP K2 from embryonic stem cells from p38 ⁇ null mice was not activated in response to stress and these cells did not produce IL-6 in response to IL-I [Allen, M. et al, J. Exp. Med. 2000, 191 , 859-69].
  • MAPKAP K2 is not only essential for TNF and IL-I production but also for signaling induced by cytokines.
  • MAPKAP K2 and K3 phosphorylate and thus regulate heat shock proteins HSP 25 and HSP 27, which are involved in cytoskeletal reorganization.
  • these small molecule inhibitors are known to also decrease the synthesis of a wide variety of pro-inflammatory proteins including IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).
  • IL-6 IL-6
  • IL-8 granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor
  • COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2
  • TNF and IL-I A variety of cells including monocytes and macrophages produce TNF and IL-I . Excessive or unregulated TNF production is implicated in a number of disease states including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, pyresis, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis and other arthritic conditions, toxic shock syndrome, endotoxic shock, sepsis, septic shock, gram negative sepsis, bone resorption diseases, reperfusion injury, graft vs.
  • p38 occupies within the cascade of signaling molecules mediating extracellular-to-intracellular signaling, and its influence over not only IL-I , TNF and IL-8 production but also the synthesis and/or action of other pro-inflammatory proteins (e.g.
  • IL-6 IL-6, GM-CSF, COX-2, collagenase and stromelysin
  • Such an expectation is supported by the potent and diverse anti-inflammatory activities described for p38 kinase inhibitors [Adams, ibid; Badger, et al, J. Pham. Exp. Ther. 1996, 279, 1453-61 ; Griswold, et al, Pharmacol. Comm., 1996, 7, 323-29].
  • Novel compounds and pharmaceutical compositions that ameliorate imflammatory and immune disorders by inhibiting p38 kinase and the isoforms and splice variants thereof, especially p38 ⁇ and p38 ⁇ have been found, together with methods of synthesizing and using the compounds, including methods for inhibiting p38 kinase in a patient by administering the compounds.
  • the present invention discloses a class of compounds, useful in treating p38 kinase mediated disorders and conditions, defined by structural Formula I:
  • L, M, T, X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S;
  • Q, U, V and W are each independently selected from the group consisting of N and C;
  • Z is selected from the group consisting of N, C(O), C, O and S;
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, lower alkyl, lower alkylacyl, lower alkylalkoxy, lower alkylether, amide, amino, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)R 9 , -C(S)(NR 10 R 1 1 ), -C[N(OR 12 )]R 13 , - C(NR 14 XNR 10 R 1 ') and -S(O) n R 15 ; n is O, 1 or 2;
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, lower alkyl, lower alkylether, amino, lower aminoalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 5 and R 6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, alkoxyaryl, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, nitro, null, O- carbamoyl, " N-carbamoyl, S-sulfonamido, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R 5 and R 6 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted; R 7 is selected from the group consisting
  • R s is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 9 is selected from the group consisting OfNR 16 R 17 , OR 18 , SR 19 , lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylthio, arylsulfonyl, carbonylalkyl, carboxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl and N- carbamoyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 18 and R 19 are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
  • the invention further provides compounds of the Formula II:
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower acylalkyl, lower alkoxy, amide, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkylether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting Of-C(O)R 9 , -C[N(OR I 2 )]R 13 and -S(O) n R 15 ; n is 0, 1 or 2;
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower aminoalkyl, halo, lower haloalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 5 and R 6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, alkoxyaryl, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, nitro, null, O- carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, S-sulfonamido, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R 5 and R 6 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, lower alkyl, lower alkylether, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R s is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 9 is selected from the group consisting OfNR 16 R 17 , OR 18 , SR 19 , lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower aminoalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, lower carbonylalkyl, heteroaralkyl, hydrogen and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 10 , R 1 ', R H , R 16 and R 17 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, lower alkenyl, alkynyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, alkylthio, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkyl, arylamino, ai-ylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, carboxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl,
  • R 12 and R 13 are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 15 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, lower alkylamino, alkynyl, amino, aminocarbonylalkyl, aralkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydrogen,
  • the invention further provides compounds of the Formula III:
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)R 9 and -S(O) n R 15 ; n is 0, 1 or 2; R 3 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 5 and R 6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, alkoxyaryl, lower alkyl, alkylene. amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, nitro, null, O- carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, S-sulfonamido, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R 5 and R 6 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of lower acyl, lower alkyl, halo, hydrogen, hydroxyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 8 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 9 is selected from the group consisting OfNR 16 R 17 , OR 18 , SR 19 , lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylthio, arylsulfonyl, carbonylalkyl, carboxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl and N- carbamoyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R lu , R ⁇ , R' 4 , R 16 and R 17 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, lower alkenyl, alkynyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, alkylthio, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkyl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, carboxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or either pair of R 10 and R 11 or R 16 and R 17 may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 12 and R 13 are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 15 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, lower alkylamino, alkynyl, amino, aminocarbonylalkyl, aralkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydrogen, thio and lower thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; and
  • R 18 and R 19 are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
  • the invention further provides compounds of the Formula IV:
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkylacyl, amide, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null;
  • R 2 may be selected from the group consisting of -C(O)R 8 ,-C(S)NR 9 R 10 , -C[N(OR n )]R 8 , C(NR 12 XNR 9 R 10 ) and -S(O) n R 8 ;
  • n is O, 1 , or 2;
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkyl ether, amino, lower aminoalkyl, halo, lower haloalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null;
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halo, lower haloalkyl, hydrogen and null;
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of amino, lower aminoalkyl, carbamoyl, carboxy, cyano, formyl, guanidino, halo, hydroxy, hydrogen, nitro, null, trifluoromethyl, trilluoromethoxy, ureido, C 1-8 alkyl, Ci -8 alkoxy, C 3 . 8 cycloalkoxyl, C 4 .
  • R 5 and R 6 may combine to form an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl;
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkylacyl, lower alkyl ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxyl, lower hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkyl, lower alkylacyl, amino, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro;
  • R 8 is selected from the group consisting OfNR 9 R 10 , OR 9 , SR 9 , alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, lower aminoalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyi, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyl, arylcarbonylalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, cycloalkylthioalkyl, arylsulfonylaminoalkyl, carbonylalkyl, carbonylheterocyclylcarbonylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkyl, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, cyano, halo,
  • R 9 and R 10 are independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, arylsulfonylaminoalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, lower aminoalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyl, arylcarbonylalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, carbonylalkyl, carbonylheterocyclylcarbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, cycloalkylthioalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl alkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl,
  • R 1 ' is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocyloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro;
  • R 12 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro;
  • Ar is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl. lower alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl and aminocarbonyl, lower alkylacyl, lower alkyl, lower alkyl amide, carboxy, halo, lower haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro;
  • L, M, T, X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S;
  • Q, U, V and W are each independently selected from the group consisting of N or C;
  • Z is selected from the group consisting of N, C(O), C, O and S; wherein V, W, X, Y and Z taken together form an unsaturated ring containing at least one carbon atom; with the proviso that when V and W are carbon, then X, Y, and Z are not all nitrogen; with the proviso that when VWXZY does not form an aromatic ring, then Z must be C(O); with the proviso that when Y is oxygen then R 7 is null and Ar is not an unsubstituted phenyl or a chloro-monosubstituted phenyl; and with the proviso that when Z is C, then R 7 is not hydrogen.
  • the invention further provides compounds of the Formula V:
  • R' is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkylacyl, amide, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null;
  • R 2 may be selected from the group consisting of -C(O) R 8 , , -C[N(OR 1 1 )] R 8 and -S(O) n R 8 ; n is O, 1 , or 2; R 3 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, halo, lower haloalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null;
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, chlorine, fluorine, hydrogen and null;
  • R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of amino, lower aminoalkyl, carbamoyl, carboxy, cyano, formyl, guanidino, halo, hydroxy, hydrogen, nitro, null, trifluoromethyl, tritluoromethoxy, ureido, Q -8 alkyl, Q -8 alkoxy, C 3 . 8 cycloalkoxyl, C 4-8 alkylcycloalkoxy, Ci -8 alkylcarbonyl, C,. 8 alkoxycarbonyl, N-C
  • R 5 and R 6 may combine to form an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl;
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl ether, hydroxy, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from lower alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, lower alkyl, lower acylalkyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower aminoalkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro, or R 5 and R 6 may combine to form an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl;
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl ether, hydroxy, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from lower alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, lower alkyl, lower acylalkyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower aminoalkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl
  • R 8 is selected from the group consisting OfNR 9 R 10 , OR 9 , SR 9 , lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, lower aminoalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyl, arylcarbonylalkyl, carbonylalkyl and haloalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro;
  • R 9 and R 10 are independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, arylsulfonylaminoalkyl, lower aminoalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyl, arylcarbonylalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, carbonylalkyl, carbonylheterocyclylcarbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, cycloalkylthioalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl,
  • R 1 ' is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro;
  • R 12 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocyloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkyl, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro;
  • Ar is selected from the group consisting of phenyl and 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkylaminocarbonyl, lower alkylcarbonylamino, lower alkylacyl, lower alkyl, carboxy, halo,
  • L, T, X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S; M is selected from the group consisting of N, C and S;
  • Q, U, V and W are each independently selected from the group consisting of N or C; Z is selected from the group consisting of " N, C(O), C and O; wherein V, W, X, Y and Z taken together form an unsaturated ring containing at least one carbon atom; with the proviso that when V and W are carbon, then X, Y, and Z are not all nitrogen; with the proviso that when VWXZY does not form an aromatic ring, then Z must be C(O); with the proviso that when Y is oxygen, then R 7 is null and Ar is not an unsubstituted phenyl or a chloro-monosubstituted phenyl; and with the proviso that when Z is C, then R 7 is not hydrogen.
  • the invention further provides compounds of the Formula Vl:
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of halo, hydrogen, hydroxy and null;
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)R 8 Or-S(O) n R 8 ; n is O, I , or 2;
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or null
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, hydrogen and null;
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of amino, lower aminoalkyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, hydrogen, null, tritluoromelhoxy, Ci -8 alkyl, C 1-8 alkoxy, C 3 . 8 cycloalkoxyl, C 4-8 alkylcycloalkoxy, hydroxyamino, CM alkoxyamino, C 2 . 4 alkanoyloxyamino, Q.
  • R 6 is selected from the group consisting of amino, lower aminoalkyl, carbamoyl, carboxy, cyano, formyl, guanidino, halogen, hydroxy, hydrogen, nitro, null, trifluoromethyl, tritluoromethoxy, ureido, C
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, hydrogen or null
  • R 8 is selected from the group consisting OfNR 9 R 10 , SR 9 , lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, lower aminoalkyl, carbonylalkyl and haloalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyl and nitro;
  • R 9 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, lower aminoalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyl, arylcarbonylalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylsulf
  • R 10 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and hydrogen, or R 9 and R 10 may combine to form an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl;
  • Ar is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-pyridyl, or 2,6 pyrimidinyl, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from lower alkylacyl, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkylaminocarbonyl, lower alkylcarbonylamino, carboxy, halo, lower haloalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from lower alkyl, alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyl and nitro;
  • L, T, X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S;
  • M is selected from the group consisting of N, C and S;
  • Q, U, V, W are each independently selected from the group consisting of N and C;
  • Z is selected from the group consisting of N, C(O), C and O; wherein V, W, X, Y and Z taken together form an unsaturated ring containing at least one carbon atom; with the proviso that when V and W are carbon, then X, Y, and Z are not all nitrogen; with the proviso that when VWXZY does not form an aromatic ring, then Z must be C(O); with the proviso that when Y is oxygen, then R 7 is null and Ar is not an un-substituted phenyl or a chloro monosubstituted phenyl; and
  • R 7 is not hydrogen
  • the subject invention provides for novel compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of making and using the compounds and compositions.
  • These compounds possess useful p38 kinase inhibiting or modulating activity, and may be used in the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease or condition in which the activity or hyperactivity of p38,kinase forms a contributory part.
  • These compounds can inhibit and/or modulate the activity of p38 kinase.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In certain embodiments, the compounds of the present invention have structural Formula II:
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower acylalkyl, lower alkoxy, amide, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkylether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting Of-C(O)R" , -C[N(OR 12 )] R 13 and -S(O) n R 15 ; n is O, 1 or 2; R 3 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower aminoalkyl, halo, lower haloalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 5 and R 6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, alkoxyaryl, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyialkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, nitro, null, O- carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, S-sulfonamido, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R 5 and R 6 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, lower alkyl, lower alkylether, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 8 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 9 is selected from the group consisting OfNR 16 R 17 , OR 18 , SR 19 , lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower aminoalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, lower carbonylalkyl, heteroaralkyl, hydrogen and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 15 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, lower alkylamino, alkynyl, amino, aminocarbonylalkyl, aralkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydrogen, thio and lower thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; and
  • R 18 and R 1 ' are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
  • the invention further provides for compounds of Formula III wherein:
  • R 1 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting Of-C(O)R 5 and -S(O) n R 15 ; n is O, 1 or 2;
  • R' is selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 5 and R 6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, alkoxyaryl, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, nitro, null, O- carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, S-sulfonamido, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R 5 and R 6 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted; R 7 is selected from the group consisting of
  • R 8 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 0 is selected from the group consisting OfNR 16 R 17 , OR 18 , SR 19 , lower alky], lower alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylthio, arylsulfonyl, carbonylalkyl, carboxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl and N- carbamoyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 10 , R 1 ', R 14 , R 16 and R 17 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, lower alkenyl, alkynyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, alkylthio, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkyl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, carboxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or either pair of R 10 and R 1 ' or R 16 and R 17 may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 12 and R 13 are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 15 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, lower alkylamino, alkynyl, amino, aminocarbonylalkyl, aralkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydrogen,
  • K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and " NR 27 ;
  • L is selected from the group consisting of CR 28 , " NR 29 , S and O;
  • Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S;
  • M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S;
  • Q is selected from the group consisting of C, N and S;
  • R 20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR 30 R 31 , OR 32 , SR 33 , alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 21 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxyl, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 23 and R 24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro, null, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, phenanthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R 23 and R 24
  • R 25 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 26 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 28 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl and thioalkyl any of which may be optionally substituted:
  • R 31 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R 30 and R 3 ' may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; and
  • R 32 and R 33 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
  • the invention further provides for compounds having structural Formula VlIl: wherein:
  • K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR 27 ;
  • L is selected from the group consisting of CR 28 , NR 29 , S and O;
  • Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N. C, O and S;
  • M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S
  • Q is selected from the group consisting of C, N and S
  • R 20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR 30 R 11 , OR 32 , SR 33 , alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 2 ' is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxyl, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 23 and R 24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro, null, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, phenanthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R 23 and R 2
  • R 25 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 26 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 2S is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted
  • R 30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl and thioalkyl any of which may be optionally substituted
  • R 31 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl
  • K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR 27 ;
  • L is selected from the group consisting of CR 28 , NR 2 '', S and O;
  • Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S;
  • M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S
  • Q is selected from the group consisting of C, N and S
  • R 20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR 30 R 31 , OR 32 , SR 33 , alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 21 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxy!, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 23 and R 24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro,
  • R 25 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 26 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 28 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl and thioalkyl any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 3 ' is selected from the the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R 30 and R 3 ' may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; and
  • R 32 and R 3j are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
  • the invention provides for compounds having structural Formula X:
  • K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR 27 ;
  • L is selected from the group consisting of CR 28 , NR 29 , S and O;
  • Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S;
  • M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S
  • Q is selected from the group consisting of C, N and S
  • R 20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR 30 R 31 , OR 32 , SR 33 , alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloallcylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 2 ' is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxyl, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 23 and R 24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloallcylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro, null, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, phenanthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R 2j and
  • R 26 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 28 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonyl alkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl and thioalkyl any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 31 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonyl alkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R 30 and R 3 ' may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; and
  • R 32 and R 33 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
  • K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR 27 ;
  • L is selected from the group consisting of CR 28 , " NR 29 , S and O;
  • Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S;
  • M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S
  • Q is selected from the group consisting of C, N and S
  • R 20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR 30 R 31 , OR 32 , SR 33 , alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, " N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 2 ' is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxyl, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 23 and R 24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro, null, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, phenanthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R 23 and R 24
  • R 25 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 2ft is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 28 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, am inocarbonyl alkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl and thioalky! any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 31 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R 30 and R 31 may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; and
  • R 32 and R 13 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
  • the invention provides for compounds of Formula XI wherein R 26 -is optionally substituted phenyl.
  • the invention provides for compounds of Formula XI wherein R 23 or R 24 is optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydrogen or null.
  • R 20 is optionally substituted amine, alkylamine, heteroarylalkyl or OR 32 .
  • K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR 27 ;
  • L is selected from the group consisting of CR 28 , NR 29 , S and O;
  • Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S;
  • M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S;
  • R 20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR 30 R 31 , OR 32 , SR 33 , alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; R 2 ' is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl. alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, hydrogen
  • R 22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxy!, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 23 and R 24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro,
  • R 25 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 26 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 28 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl and thioalkyl any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 3 ' is selected from the the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R 30 and R 31 may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; and
  • R 32 and R 33 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
  • the invention provides for compounds having structural Formula XIlI:
  • K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR 27 ;
  • L is selected from the group consisting of CR 28 , NR 29 , S and O; Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S;
  • M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S;
  • Q is selected from the group consisting of C, N and S;
  • R 20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR 30 R 3 ', OR 32 , SR 33 , alkoxy, alky], alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 21 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxy!, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 23 and R 24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro, null, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, phenanthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R 23 and R 24
  • R 26 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 2S is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl and thioalkyl any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 31 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R 30 and R 3 ' may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; and R 32 and R 33 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted
  • the invention further provides for compounds having structural Formula XIV:
  • K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR 27 ;
  • L is selected from the group consisting of CR 28 , NR 29 , S and O;
  • Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of " N, C, O and S;
  • M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S;
  • Q is selected from the group consisting of C, N and S;
  • R 20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR 30 R 31 , OR 32 , SR 33 , alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 2 ' is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxyl, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 23 and R 24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro, null, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, phenanthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R 23 and R
  • R 25 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 26 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 28 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl and thioalkyl any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 3 ' is selected from the the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R 30 and R 3 ' may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; and
  • R 32 and R 33 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
  • the invention provides for compounds having structural Formula XV:
  • K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR 27 ;
  • L is selected from the group consisting of CR 28 , NR 29 , S and O;
  • Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S;
  • M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S;
  • R 20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR 30 R 3 ', OR 32 , SR 33 , alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; R 2 ' is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl,
  • R 22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxyl, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 23 and R 24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro,
  • R 25 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 26 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 28 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonyl alkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl and thioalkyl any of which may be optionally substituted;
  • R 31 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R 30 and R 31 may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; and
  • R 32 and R 13 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
  • the invention provides for compounds of Formula XV wherein R 26 is optionally substituted phenyl.
  • the invention provides for compounds of Formula XV wherein R 2 ' 1 or R 24 is optionally substituted alkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydrogen or null.
  • the invention provides for compounds of Formula XV wherein R 20 is optionally substituted alkyl, alkylamine, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or arylamine.
  • the invention provides for compounds of Formula I-XV for use in the inhibition of p38 kinase for the treatment of disease.
  • the invention provides for compounds of Formula I-XV administered in combination with another therapeutic agent.
  • acyl refers to a carbonyl attached to an alkenyl, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, or any other moiety were the atom attached to the carbonyl is carbon.
  • An “acetyl” group refers to a -C(O)CH 3 group. Examples of acyl groups include formyl, alkanoyl and aroyl radicals.
  • acylamino embraces an amino radical substituted with an acyl group.
  • An example of an “acylamino” radical is acetylamino (CH 3 C(O)NH-).
  • alkenyl refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having one or more double bonds and containing from 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 6, carbon atoms.
  • suitable alkenyl radicals include ethenyl, propenyl, 2-methylpropenyl, 1 ,4-butadienyl and the like.
  • alkoxy refers to an alkyl ether radical, wherein the term alkyl is as defined below.
  • suitable alkyl ether radicals include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, iso-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, and the like.
  • alkoxyalkoxy refers to one or more alkoxy groups attached to the parent molecular moiety through another alkoxy group. Examples include ethoxyethoxy, methoxypropoxyethoxy, ethoxypentoxyethoxyethoxy and the like.
  • alkoxyalkyl refers to an alkoxy group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group.
  • alkoxyalkyl also embraces alkoxyalkyl groups having one or more alkoxy groups attached to the alkyl group, that is, to form monoalkoxyalkyl and dialkoxyalkyl groups.
  • alkoxycarbonyl refers to an alkoxy group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group.
  • alkoxycarbonyl groups include methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl and hexyloxycarbonyl.
  • alkoxycarbonyl alkyl embraces radicals having "alkoxycarbonyl", as defined above substituted to an alkyl radical. More preferred alkoxycarbonylalkyl radicals are "lower alkoxycarbonylalkyl” having lower alkoxycarbonyl radicals as defined above attached to one to six carbon atoms. Examples of such lower alkoxycarbonylalkyl radicals include methoxycarbonylmethyl.
  • alkyl refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl radical containing from 1 to and including 20, preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 1 to 6, carbon atoms. Alkyl groups may be optionally substituted as defined herein. Examples of alkyl radicals include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, iso-amyl, hexyl, octyl, noyl and the like.
  • alkylene refers to a saturated aliphatic group derived from a straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon attached at two or more positions, such as methylene (-CHr-).
  • alkylamino refers to an amino group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group.
  • alkylaminocarbonyl refers to an alkylamino group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group.
  • examples of such radicals include N-methylaminocarbonyl and N,N-dimethylcarbonyl.
  • alkylcarbonyl and alkanoyl refers to an alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. Examples of such groups include methylcarbonyl and ethyl carbonyl.
  • alkylidene refers to an alkenyl group in which one carbon atom of the carbon-carbon double bond belongs to the moiety to which the alkenyl group is attached.
  • alkylsulfinyl refers to an alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfinyl group.
  • alkylsulfinyl groups include methylsulfinyl, ethyl sulfinyl, butylsulfinyl and hexyl sulfinyl.
  • alkylsulfonyl refers to an alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfonyl group.
  • alkylsulfinyl groups include methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl, tert-butanesulfonyl, and the like.
  • alkylthio refers to an alkyl thioether (R-S- ) radical wherein the term alkyl is as defined above.
  • suitable alkyl thioether radicals include methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, iso-butylthio, sec-butylthio, tert-butylthio, ethoxyethylthio, methoxypropoxyethylthio, ethoxypentoxyethoxyethylthio and the like.
  • alkylthioalkyl embraces alkylthio radicals attached to an alkyl radical.
  • Alkylthioalkyl radicals include "lower alkylthioalkyl” radicals having alkyl radicals of one to six carbon atoms and an alkylthio radical as described above. Examples of such radicals include methylthiomethyl.
  • alkynyl refers to a straight-chain or branched chain hydrocarbon radical having one or more triple bonds and containing from 2 to 20, preferably from 2 to 6, more preferably from 2 to 4, carbon atoms.
  • Alkynylene refers to a carbon- carbon triple bond attached at two positions such as ethynylene (-C:::C-, -C ⁇ C— ).
  • alkynyl radicals include ethynyl, propynyl, hydroxypropynyl, butyn-1 -yl, butyn-2-yl, pentyn-1 -yl, pentyn-2-yl, 4-methoxypentyn-2-yI, 3-methylbutyn-l -yl, hexyn-1 -yl, hexyn-2-yl, hexyn-3-yI, 3,3-dimethylbulyn-l -yl, and the like.
  • amido refers to an amino group as described below attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group.
  • amino refers to — NRR , wherein R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocycloalkenyl, and heterocycloalkyl, wherein the aryl, the aryl part of the arylalkenyl, the arylalkyl, the heteroaryl, the heteroaryl part of the heteroarylalkenyl and the heteroarylalkyl, the heterocycle, and the heterocycle part of the heterocycloalkenyl and the heterocycloalkyl can be optionally substituted as defined herein with one, two, three, four, or five
  • aminoalkyl refers to an amino group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group. Examples include aminomethyl, aminoethyl and aminobutyl.
  • alkylamino denotes amino groups which have been substituted with one or two alkyl radicals. Suitable “alkylamino” groups may be mono- or dialkylated, forming groups such as, for example, N-methylamino, N-ethylamino, N,N-dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino and the like.
  • aminocarbonyl and “carbamoyl,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to an amino-substituted carbonyl group, wherein the amino group can be a primary or secondary amino group containing substituents selected from alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl radicals and the like.
  • aminocarbonylalkyl refers to an aminocarbonyl radical attached to an alkyl radical, as described above.
  • An example of such radicals is aminocarbonylmethyl.
  • aminocarbonylalkyl refers to an aminocarbonyl radical attached to an alkyl radical, as described above.
  • An example of such radicals is aminocarbonylmethyl.
  • aminodino denotes an -C(NH)NH 2 radical.
  • cyanoamidino denotes an -C(N-CN)NH 2 radical.
  • aralkenyl or arylalkenyl refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkenyl group.
  • aralkoxy or "arylalkoxy,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkoxy group.
  • aralkyl or "arylalkyl,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group.
  • aralkylamino or "arylalkylamino,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an arylalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a nitrogen atom, wherein the nitrogen atom is substituted with hydrogen.
  • aralkylidene or "arylalkyl idene,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylidene group
  • aralkylthio or "arylalkylthio,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an arylalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfur atom.
  • aralkynyl or “arylalkynyl,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkynyl group.
  • aralkoxycarbonyl refers to a radical of the formula aralkyl-O-C(O)- in which the term "aralkyl,” has the significance given above.
  • aralkoxycarbonyl radical examples include benzyloxycarbonyl (Z or Cbz) and 4-methoxyphenylmethoxycarbonyl (MOS).
  • aralkanoyl refers to an acyl radical derived from an aryl-substituted alkanecarboxylic acid such as benzoyl, phenylacetyl, 3-phenylpropionyl (hydrocinnamoyl), 4-phenylbutyryl, (2-naphthyl)acetyl, 4-chlorohydrocinnamoyI, 4- aminohydrocinnamoyl, 4-methoxyhydrocinnamoyl, and the like.
  • aroyl refers to an acyl radical derived from an arylcarboxylic acid, "aryl” having the meaning given below.
  • aroyl radicals include substituted and unsubstituted benzoyl or napthoyl such as benzoyl, 4- chlorobenzoyl, 4-carboxybenzoyl, 4-(benzyloxycarbonyl)benzoyl, 1 -naphthoyl, 2-naphthoyl, 6-carboxy- 2-naphthoyl, 6-(benzyIoxycarbonyl)-2-naphthoyl, 3 -benzyl oxy-2-naphthoyl, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoyl, 3- (benzyloxyformamido)-2-naphthoyl, and the like.
  • aryl as used herein, alone or in combination, means a carbocyclic aromatic system containing one, two or three rings wherein such rings may be attached together in a pendent manner or may be fused.
  • aryl embraces aromatic radicals such as benzyl, phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthryl, indanyl, indenyl, annulenyl, azulenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, and biphenyl.
  • arylamino as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent moiety through an amino group, such as methylamino, N-phenylamino, and the like.
  • arylcarbonyl and “aroyl,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group.
  • aryloxy refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.
  • arylsulfonyl refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfonyl group.
  • arylthio refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfur atom.
  • carboxy or “carboxyl”, whether used alone or with other terms, such as
  • benzo and "benz,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to the divalent radical Q,HL
  • derived from benzene. Examples include benzothiophene and benzimidazole.
  • O-carbamyl as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a -OC(O)NR, group-with R as defined herein.
  • N-carbamyl as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a ROC(O)NH- group, with R as defined herein.
  • carbonyl as used herein, when alone includes formyl [-C(O)H] and in combination is a— C(O)- group.
  • Carboxy refers to -C(O)OH or the corresponding “carboxylate” anion, such as is in a carboxylic acid salt.
  • An "O-carboxy” group refers to a RC(O)O- group, where R is as defined herein.
  • a “C-carboxy” group refers to a -C(O)OR groups where R is as defined herein.
  • cyano as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to -CN.
  • cycloalkyl refers to a saturated or partially saturated monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic alkyl radical wherein each cyclic moiety contains from 3 to 12, preferably five to seven, carbon atom ring members and which may optionally be a benzo fused ring system which is optionally substituted as defined herein.
  • cycloalkyl radicals include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, octahydronaphthyl, 2,3-dihydro-l H- indenyl, adamantyl and the like.
  • Bicyclic and tricyclic as used herein are intended to include both fused ring systems, such as decahydonapthalene, octahydronapthalene as well as the multicyclic (multicentered) saturated or partially unsaturated type.
  • the latter type of isomer is exemplified in general by bicyclo[2,2,2]octane, bicyclo[2,2,2]octane, bicyclo[l , 1 ,l]pentane, camphor and bicyclo[3,2,l]octane.
  • esters refers to a carbonyl group bridging two moieties linked at carbon atoms.
  • ether refers to an oxy group bridging two moieties linked at carbon atoms.
  • halo refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
  • haloalkoxy refers to a haloalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.
  • haloalkyl refers to an alkyl radical having the meaning as defined above wherein one or more hydrogens are replaced with a halogen. Specifically embraced are monohaloalkyl, dihaloalkyl and polyhaloalkyl radicals.
  • a monohaloalkyl radical for one example, may have either an iodo, broino, chloro or fluoro atom within the radical.
  • Dihalo and polyhaloalkyl radicals may have two or more of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals.
  • haloalkyl radicals include fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoropropyl, difluorochloromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, difluoroethyl, difiuoropropyl, dichloroethyl and dichloropropyl.
  • Haloalkylene refers to a halohydrocarbyl group attached at two or more positions. Examples include fluoromethylene (-CFH-), difluoromethylene (-CF 2 -), chloromethylene (— CHCl-) and the like.
  • haloalkyl radicals include chloromethyl, 1 -bromoethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1 ,1 ,1-trifluoroethyl, perfluorodecyl and the like.
  • heteroalkyl refers to a stable straight or branched chain, or cyclic hydrocarbon radical, or combinations thereof, fully saturated or containing from 1 to 3 degrees of unsaturation, consisting of the stated number of carbon atoms and from one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S, and wherein the nitrogen and sulfur atoms may optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen heteroatom may optionally be quaternized.
  • the heteroatom(s) O, N and S may be placed at any interior position of the heteroalkyl group. Up to two heteroatoms may be consecutive, such as, for example, -CH2- ⁇ H-OCH3.
  • heteroaryl refers to 3 to 7 membered, preferably 5 to 7 membered, unsaturated heterocyclic rings wherein at least one atom is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N.
  • Heteroaryl groups are exemplified by: unsaturated 3 to 7 membered heteromonocyclic groups containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, for example, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl [e.g., 4H-l ,2,4-triazolyl, I H-1 , 2,3- triazolyl, 2H-1 ,2,3-triazoIyl, etc.]tetrazolyl [e.g.
  • benzoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, etc.] unsaturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic groups containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl [e.g., 1 ,2,4- thiadiazolyl, 1 ,3,4-thiadiazoIyl, 1 ,2.5-thiadiazolyl, etc.]and isothiazolyl; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic groups containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms [e.g., benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, etc.]and the like.
  • the term also embraces radicals where heterocyclic radicals are fused with aryl radicals. Examples of such fused bicyclic radicals include benzofuryl, benzothienyl, and the like.
  • heteroarylkenyl or “heteroarylalkenyl,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a heteroaryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkenyl group.
  • heteroarylkoxy or “heteroarylalkoxy,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a heteroaryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkoxy group.
  • heteroarylkyl or “heteroarylalkyl,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a heteroaryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group.
  • heteroarylkyl idene or “heteroarylalkylidene,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a heteroaryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylidene group.
  • heteroaryloxy refers to a heteroaryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.
  • heteroarylsulfonyl refers to a heteroaryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfonyl group.
  • Heterocycloalkyl and “heterocycle” are intended to include sulfones, sulfoxides. N-oxides of tertiary nitrogen ring members, and carbocyclic fused and benzo fused ring systems; additionally, both terms also include systems where a heterocycle ring is fused to an aryl group, as defined herein, or an additional heterocycle group.
  • Heterocycle groups of the invention are exemplified by aziridinyl, azetidinyl, 1 ,3-benzodioxolyl, dihydroisoindolyl, dihydroisoquinolinyl, dihydrocinnolinyl, dihydrobenzodioxinyl, dihydro[l,3]oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridinyl, benzothiazolyl, dihydroindolyl, dihy- dropyridinyl, 1 ,3-dioxanyl, 1 ,4-dioxanyl, 1 ,3-dioxolanyl, isoindolinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, piperidinyl, thiomorpholinyl, and the like.
  • the heterocycle groups may be optionally substituted unless specifically prohibited.
  • heterocycloalkenyl refers to a heterocycle group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkenyl group.
  • heterocycloalkoxy refers to a heterocycle group attached to the parent molecular group through an oxygen atom.
  • heterocycloalkyl refers to an alky] radical as defined above in which at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by a heterocyclo radical as defined above, such as pyrrolidinylmethyl, tetrahydrothienylmethyl, pyridylmethyl and the like.
  • heterocycloalkyl idene refers to a heterocycle group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylidene group.
  • hydrazinyl refers to two amino groups joined by a single bond, i.e., -N-N-.
  • hydroxyalkyl refers to a linear or branched alkyl group having one to about ten carbon atoms any one of which may be substituted with one or more hydroxyl radicals.
  • examples of such radicals include hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl and hydroxyhexyl.
  • hydroxyalkyl refers to a hydroxy group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group.
  • isothiocyanato refers to a- NCS group.
  • linear chain of atoms refers to the longest straight chain of atoms independently selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • lower as used herein, alone or in combination, means containing from 1 to and including 6 carbon atoms.
  • mercaptoalkyl as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an R'SR— group, where R and R' are as defined herein.
  • mercaptomercaptyl as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a RSR'S— group, where R is as defined herein.
  • mercaptyl as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an RS- group, where R is as defined herein.
  • null refers to a lone electron pair
  • nitro refers to -NO 2 .
  • oxy or "oxa,” as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to -0-.
  • perhaloalkoxy refers to an alkoxy group where all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms.
  • perhaloalkyl refers to an alkyl group where all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms.
  • oxo refers to a doubly bonded oxygen
  • sulfonate refers the -SO 3 H group and its anion as the sulfonic acid is used in salt formation.
  • sulfanyl as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to — S and -S-.
  • sulf ⁇ nyl as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to -S(O)-.
  • sulfonyl as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to -SO 2 -.
  • S-sulfonamido refers to a -S( 1 O) 2 NR 2 , group, with R as defined herein.
  • thia and thio refer to a— S- group or an ether wherein the oxygen is replaced with sulfur.
  • the oxidized derivatives of the thio group namely sulfinyl and sulfonyl, are included in the definition of thia and thio.
  • thioether refers to a thio group bridging two moieties linked at carbon atoms.
  • thiol refers to an -SH group.
  • thiocarbonyl when alone includes thioformyl -C(S)H and in combination is a -C(S)- group.
  • N-thiocarbamyl refers to an ROC(S)NH- group, with R as defined herein.
  • O-thiocarbamyl refers to a -OC(S)NR, group with R as defined herein.
  • thiocyanato refers to a -CNS group.
  • trihalomethanesulfonamido refers to a X 3 CS(O) 2 NR- group with X is a halogen and R as defined herein.
  • trihalomethanesulfonyi refers to a X 3 CS(O) 2 - group where X is a halogen.
  • trimihalomethoxy refers to a X 3 CO- group where X is a halogen.
  • trimethysilyl as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a silicone group substituted at its three free valences with groups as listed herein under the definition of substituted amino. Examples include trimethysilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, triphenylsilyl and the like.
  • the term "optionally substituted” means the anteceding group may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • the substituents of an "optionally substituted” group may include, without limitation, one or more substituents independently selected from the following groups or a particular designated set of groups, alone or in combination: lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower alkanoyl, lower heteroalkyl, lower heterocycloalkyl, lower haloalkyl, lower haloalkenyl, lower haloalkynyl, lower perhaloalkyl, lower perhaloalkoxy, lower cycloalkyl, phenyl, aryl, aryloxy, lower alkoxy, lower haloalkoxy, oxo, lower acyloxy, carbonyl, carboxyl, lower alkylcarbonyl, lower carboxyester, lower carboxamido, cyano, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, amino, lower alkylamino
  • Two substituents may be joined together to form a fused five-, six-, or seven-menbered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring consisting of zero to three heteroatoms, for example forming methylenedioxy or ethylenedioxy.
  • An optionally substituted group may be unsubstituted (e.g., - CH2CH 3 ), fully substituted (e.g., -CF 2 CF 3 ), monosubstituted (e.g., -CH 2 CH 2 F) or substituted at a level anywhere in-between fully substituted and monosubstituted (e.g., -CH 2 CF 3 ).
  • R or the term R' appearing by itself and without a number designation, unless otherwise defined, refers to a moiety selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl. Such R and R' groups should be understood to be optionally substituted as defined herein.
  • every substituent, and every term should be understood to be independent of every other in terms of selection from a group. Should any variable, substituent, or term (e.g. aryl, heterocycle, R, etc.) occur more than one time in a formula or generic structure, its definition at each occurrence is independent of the definition at every other occurrence.
  • the term "bond" refers to a covalent linkage between two atoms, or two moieties when the atoms joined by the bond are considered to be part of larger substructure. A bond may be single, double, or triple unless otherwise specified.
  • combination therapy means the administration of two or more therapeutic agents to treat a therapeutic condition or disorder described in the present disclosure. Such administration encompasses co-administration of these therapeutic agents in a substantially simultaneous manner, such as in a single capsule having a fixed ratio of active ingredients or in multiple, separate capsules for each active ingredient. In addition, such administration also encompasses use of each type of therapeutic agent in a sequential manner. In either case, the treatment regimen will provide beneficial effects of the drug combination in treating the conditions or disorders described herein.
  • p38 kinase inhibitor is used herein to refer to a compound that exhibits an IC 50 with respect to p38 kinase activity of no more than about 100 ⁇ M and more typically not more than about 50 ⁇ M, as measured in the p38 ⁇ Assay described generally hereinbelow.
  • IC 50 is that concentration of inhibitor which reduces the activity of an enzyme (e.g., p38 kinase) to half-maximal level.
  • Representative compounds of the present invention have been discovered to exhibit inhibitory activity against p38 kinase.
  • Compounds of the present invention preferably exhibit an IC 50 with respect to p38 kinase of no more than about 10 ⁇ M, more preferably, no more than about 5 ⁇ M, even more preferably not more than about 1 ⁇ M, and most preferably, not more than about 200 nM, as measured in the p38 kinase assay(s) described herein.
  • the phrase "therapeutically effective" is intended to qualify the amount of active ingredients used in the treatment of a disease or disorder. This amount will achieve the goal of reducing or eliminating the said disease or disorder.
  • prodrug refers to a compound that is made more active in vivo.
  • the present compounds can also exist as prodrugs, as described in Hydrolysis in Drug and Prodrug Metabolism : Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Enzymology (Testa, Bernard and Mayer, Joachim M. Wiley-VHCA,
  • Prodrugs of the compounds described herein are structurally modified forms of the compound that readily undergo chemical changes under physiological conditions to provide the compound. Additionally, prodrugs can be converted to the compound by chemical or biochemical methods in an ex vivo environment. For example, prodrugs can be slowly converted to a compound when placed in a transdermal patch reservoir with a suitable enzyme or chemical reagent. Prodrugs are often useful because, in some situations, they may be easier to administer than the compound, or parent drug. They may, for instance, be bioavailable by oral administration whereas the parent drug is not. The prodrug may also have improved solubility in pharmaceutical compositions over the parent drug.
  • prodrug derivatives are known in the art, such as those that rely on hydrolytic cleavage or oxidative activation of the prodrug.
  • An example, without limitation, of a prodrug would be a compound which is administered as an ester (the "prodrug"), but then is metabolically hydrolyzed to the carboxylic acid, the active entity. Additional examples include peptidyl derivatives of a compound.
  • therapeutically acceptable prodrug refers to those prodrugs or zwitterions which are suitable for use in contact with the tissues of patients without undue toxicity, irritation, and allergic response, are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and are effective for their intended uses.
  • patient means all mammals including humans. Examples of patients include humans, cows, dogs, cats, goats, sheep, pigs, and rabbits. Preferably, the patient is a human.
  • terapéuticaally acceptable salt represents salts or zwitterionic forms of the compounds of the present invention which are water or oil-soluble or dispersible; which are suitable for treatment of diseases without undue toxicity, irritation, and allergic-response; which are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio; and which are effective for their intended use.
  • the salts can be prepared during the final isolation and purification of the compounds or separately by reacting the appropriate compound in the form of the free base with a suitable acid.
  • Representative acid addition salts include acetate, adipate, alginate, L-ascorbate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate (besylate), bisulfate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, digluconate, formate, fumarate, gentisate, glutarate, glycerophosphate, glycolate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hippurate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethansulfonate (isethionate), lactate, maleate, malonate, DL-mandelate, mesitylenesulfonate, methanesulfonate, naphthylenesulfonate, nicotinate, 2- naphthalenesulfonate, oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-pheny
  • basic groups in the compounds of the present invention can be quaternized with methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides; dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates; decyl, Iauryl, myristyl, and steryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides; and benzyl and phenethyl bromides.
  • acids which can be employed to form therapeutically acceptable addition salts include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, and phosphoric, and organic acids such as oxalic, maleic, succinic, and citric.
  • Salts can also be formed by coordination of the compounds with an alkali metal or alkaline earth ion.
  • the present invention contemplates sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium salts of the compounds of the compounds of the present invention and the like.
  • Basic addition salts can be prepared during the final isolation and purification of the compounds by reacting a carboxy group with a suitable base such as the hydroxide, carbonate, or bicarbonate of a metal cation or with ammonia or an organic primary, secondary, or tertiary amine.
  • the cations of therapeutically acceptable salts include lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and aluminum, as well as nontoxic quaternary amine cations such as ammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, methylamine, dimelhylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, diethylamine, ethylamine, tributylamine, pyridine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N-methylpiperidine, N-methylmorpholine, dicyclohexylamine, procaine, dibenzylamine, N,N-dibenzylphenethylamine, 1 -ephenamine, and N,N'- dibenzylelhylenediamine.
  • nontoxic quaternary amine cations such as ammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, methylamine, dimelhylamine, trimethylamine, triethy
  • the compounds of the present invention can exist as therapeutically acceptable salts.
  • the present invention includes compounds listed above in the form of salts, in particular acid addition salts. Suitable salts include those formed with both organic and inorganic acids. Such acid addition salts will normally be pharmaceutically acceptable. However, salts of non-pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be of utility in the preparation and purification of the compound in question. For a more complete discussion of the preparation and selection of salts, refer to Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use (Stahl, P. Heinrich. Wiley- VCHA, Zurich, Switzerland, 2002).
  • the subject invention provides a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, prodrug or solvate thereof, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers thereof and optionally one or more other therapeutic ingredients.
  • the carrier(s) must be "acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen. Any of the well-known techniques, carriers, and excipients may be used as suitable and as understood in the art; e.g., in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences.
  • compositions of the present invention may be manufactured in a manner that is itself known, e.g., by means of conventional mixing, dissolving, milling, neutralization, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping or compression processes.
  • the formulations include those suitable for oral, parenteral (including subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intraarticular, and intramedullary), intraperitoneal, transmucosal, transdermal, rectal and topical (including dermal, buccal, sublingual and intraocular) administration although the most suitable route may depend upon for example the condition and disorder of the recipient.
  • the formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy. All methods include the step of bringing into association a compound of the subject invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, prodrug or solvate thereof ("active ingredient") with the carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients.
  • active ingredient a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, prodrug or solvate thereof
  • the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired formulation.
  • the formulation may have ingredients, such as lubricants that facilitate how it operates within a dispensing device.
  • Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules, cachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; as a powder or granules; as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous liquid or a non-aqueous liquid; or as an oil-in-water liquid emulsion or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion.
  • the active ingredient may also be presented as a bolus, electuary or paste.
  • compositions which can be used orally include tablets, push-fit capsules made of gelatin, as well as soft, sealed capsules made of gelatin and a plasticizer, such as glycerol or sorbitol. Tablets may be made by compression or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with binders, inert diluents, or lubricating, surface active or dispersing agents. Molded tablets may be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent.
  • the tablets may optionally be coated or scored and may be formulated so as to provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient therein. All formulations for oral administration should be in dosages suitable for such administration.
  • the push-fit capsules can contain the active ingredients in admixture with filler such as lactose, binders such as starches, and/or lubricants such as talc or magnesium stearate and, optionally, stabilizers.
  • the active compounds may be dissolved or suspended in suitable liquids, such as fatty oils, liquid paraffin, or liquid polyethylene glycols.
  • stabilizers may be added.
  • Dragee cores are provided with suitable coatings.
  • concentrated sugar solutions may be used, which may optionally contain gum arabic, talc, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carbopol gel, polyethylene glycol, and/or titanium dioxide, lacquer solutions, and suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures.
  • Dyestuffs or pigments may be added to the tablets or dragee coatings for identification or to characterize different combinations of active compound doses.
  • the compounds may be formulated for parenteral administration by injection, e.g., by bolus injection or continuous infusion.
  • Formulations for injection may be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative.
  • the compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.
  • the formulations may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example sealed ampoules and vials, and may be stored in powder form or in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example, saline or sterile pyrogen-free water, immediately prior to use.
  • sterile liquid carrier for example, saline or sterile pyrogen-free water
  • Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets of the kind previously described.
  • the formulation may also be presented as a frozen bag or in a ready to use admixture.
  • Formulations for parenteral or ophthalmic administration include aqueous and non-aqueous (oily) sterile injection solutions of the active compounds which may contain antioxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents.
  • Suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles include fatty oils such as sesame oil, or synthetic fatty acid esters, such as ethyl oleate or triglycerides, or liposomes.
  • Aqueous injection suspensions may contain substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sorbitol, or dextran.
  • the suspension may also contain suitable stabilizers or agents which increase the solubility of the compounds to allow for the preparation of highly concentrated solutions.
  • the compounds may also be formulated as a depot preparation including coatings that may be applied to an implantable device such as a stent. Such long acting formulations may be administered by implantation (for example subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection.
  • the compounds may be formulated with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for example as an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins, or as sparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as a sparingly soluble salt.
  • compositions may take the form of tablets, lozenges, pastilles, or gels formulated in conventional manner.
  • Such compositions may comprise the active ingredient in a flavored basis such as sucrose and acacia or tragacanth.
  • the compounds may also be formulated in rectal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas, e.g., containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, or other glycerides.
  • Compounds of the present invention may be administered topically, that is by non-systemic administration. This includes the application of a compound of the present invention externally to the epidermis or the buccal cavity and the instillation of such a compound into the ear, eye and nose, such that the compound does not significantly enter the blood stream.
  • systemic administration refers to oral, intravenous, intraperitoneal and intramuscular administration.
  • Formulations suitable for topical administration include liquid or semi-liquid preparations suitable for penetration through the skin to the site of inflammation such as gels, liniments, lotions, creams, ointments, sprays or pastes, and drops suitable for administration to the eye, ear or nose.
  • the active ingredient may comprise, for topical administration, from 0.001 % to 10% w/w, for instance from 1 % to 2% by weight of the formulation. It may however comprise as much as 10% w/w but preferably will comprise less than 5% w/w, more preferably from 0.1 % to 1 % w/w of the formulation.
  • Gels for topical or transdermal administration of compounds of the subject invention may comprise, generally, a mixture of volatile solvents, nonvolatile solvents, and water.
  • the volatile solvent component of the buffered solvent system may preferably include lower (Cl -C6) alkyl alcohols, lower alkyl glycols and lower glycol polymers. More preferably, the volatile solvent is ethanol.
  • the volatile solvent component is thought to act as a penetration enhancer, while also producing a cooling effect on the skin as it evaporates.
  • the nonvolatile solvent portion of the buffered solvent system is selected from lower alkylene glycols and lower glycol polymers. Preferably, propylene glycol is used.
  • the nonvolatile solvent slows the evaporation of the volatile solvent and reduces the vapor pressure of the buffered solvent system.
  • the amount of this nonvolatile solvent component, as with the volatile solvent, is determined by the pharmaceutical compound or drug being used. When too little of the nonvolatile solvent is in the system, the pharmaceutical compound may crystallize due to evaporation of volatile solvent, while an excess will result in a lack of bioavailability due to poor release of drug from solvent mixture.
  • the buffer component of the buffered solvent system may be selected from any buffer commonly used in the art; preferably, water is used.
  • the preferred ratio of ingredients is about 20% of the nonvolatile solvent, about 40% of the volatile solvent, and about 40% water. There are several optional ingredients which can be added to the topical composition.
  • Lotions according to the present invention include those suitable for application to the skin or eye.
  • An eye lotion may comprise a sterile aqueous solution optionally containing a bactericide and may be prepared by methods similar to those for the preparation of drops.
  • Lotions or liniments for application to the skin may also include an agent to hasten drying and to cool the skin, such as an alcohol or acetone, and/or a moisturizer such as glycerol or an oil such as castor oil or arachis oil.
  • Creams, ointments or pastes according to the present invention are semi-solid formulations of the active ingredient for external application. They may be made by mixing the active ingredient in finely-divided or powdered form, alone or in solution or suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous fluid, with the aid of suitable machinery, with a greasy or non-greasy base.
  • the base may comprise hydrocarbons such as hard, soft or liquid paraffin, glycerol, beeswax, a metallic soap; a mucilage; an oil of natural origin such as almond, corn, arachis, castor or olive oil; wool fat or its derivatives or a fatty acid such as steric or oleic acid together with an alcohol such as propylene glycol or a macrogel.
  • the formulation may incorporate any suitable surface active agent such as an anionic, cationic or non-ionic surfactant such as a sorbitan ester or a polyoxyethylene derivative thereof.
  • Suspending agents such as natural gums, cellulose derivatives or inorganic materials such as silicaceous silicas, and other ingredients such as lanolin, may also be included.
  • Drops according to the present invention may comprise sterile aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions and may be prepared by dissolving the active ingredient in a suitable aqueous solution of a bactericidal and/or fungicidal agent and/or any other suitable preservative, and preferably including a surface active agent.
  • the resulting solution may then be clarified by filtration, transferred to a suitable container which is then sealed and sterilized by autoclaving or maintaining at 98-100 0 C for half an hour.
  • the solution may be sterilized by filtration and transferred to the container by an aseptic technique.
  • bactericidal and fungicidal agents suitable for inclusion in the drops are phenylmercuric nitrate or acetate (0.002%), benzalkonium chloride (0.01 %) and chlorhexidine acetate (0.01 %).
  • Suitable solvents for the preparation of an oily solution include glycerol, diluted alcohol and propylene glycol.
  • Formulations for topical administration in the mouth include lozenges comprising the active ingredient in a flavored basis such as sucrose and acacia or tragacanth, and pastilles comprising the active ingredient in a basis such as gelatin and glycerin or sucrose and acacia.
  • the compounds according to the invention are conveniently delivered from an insufflator, nebulizer pressurized packs or other convenient means of delivering an aerosol spray.
  • Pressurized packs may comprise a suitable propellant such as dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas.
  • the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount.
  • the compounds according to the invention may take the form of a dry powder composition, for example a powder mix of the compound and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.
  • the powder composition may be presented in unit dosage form, in for example, capsules, cartridges, gelatin or blister packs from which the powder may be administered with the aid of an inhalator or insufflator.
  • Preferred unit dosage formulations are those containing an effective dose, as herein below recited, or an appropriate fraction thereof, of the active ingredient.
  • formulations of this invention may include other agents conventional in the art having regard to the type of formulation in question, for example those suitable for oral administration may include flavoring agents.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered orally or via injection at a dose of from 0.1 to 500 mg/kg per day.
  • the dose range for adult humans is generally from 5 mg to 2 g/day.
  • Tablets or other forms of presentation provided in discrete units may conveniently contain an amount of compound of the invention which is effective at such dosage or as a multiple of the same, for instance, units containing 5 mg to 500 mg, usually around 10 mg to 200 mg.
  • the amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration.
  • the compounds of the subject invention can be administered in various modes, e.g. orally, topically, or by injection.
  • the precise amount of compound administered to a patient will be the responsibility of the attendant physician.
  • the specific dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diets, time of administration, route of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, the precise disorder being treated, and the severity of the indication or condition being treated.
  • the route of administration may vary depending on the condition and its severity.
  • the compounds described herein may be administered in combination with another therapeutic agent.
  • another therapeutic agent such as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug thereof.
  • the therapeutic effectiveness of one of the compounds described herein may be enhanced by administration of an adjuvant (i.e., by itself the adjuvant may only have minimal therapeutic benefit, but in combination with another therapeutic agent, the overall therapeutic benefit to the patient is enhanced).
  • the benefit of experienced by a patient may be increased by administering one of the compounds described herein with another therapeutic agent (which also includes a therapeutic regimen) that also has therapeutic benefit.
  • another therapeutic agent which also includes a therapeutic regimen
  • increased therapeutic benefit may result by also providing the patient with another therapeutic agent for diabetes.
  • the overall benefit experienced by the patient may simply be additive of the two therapeutic agents or the patient may experience a synergistic benefit.
  • combination therapies include use of the compounds of the invention with agents found in the following pharmacotherapeutic classifications as indicated below. These lists should not be construed to be closed, but should instead serve as illustrative examples common to the relevant therapeutic areaat present.
  • combination regimens may include a variety of routes of administration and should include intravenous, intraocular, subcutaneous, dermal, inhaled topical, oral.
  • compounds according to the present invention may be administered with an agent selected from the group comprising: a) corticosteroids including betamethasone dipropionate (augmented and nonaugemnted), betamethasone valerate, clobetasol propionate, prednisone, methyl prednisolone, diflorasone diacetate, halobetasol propionate, amcinonide, dexamethasone, dexosimethasone, fluocinolone acetononide, fluocinonide, halocinonide, clocortalone pivalate, dexosimetasone, and flurandrenalide; b) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including salicylates, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, etodolac, diclofenac, meclofenamate sodium, naproxen, piroxicam, and celecoxib; c) muscle relaxants and combinations
  • This eutectic mixture has a melting point below room temperature and therefore both local anesthetics exist as a liquid oil rather then as crystals)]; i) opioids including codeine, loperamide, tramadol, morphine, fentanyl, oxycodone, hydrocodone, levorphanol, and butorphanol; j) topical counter-irritants including menthol, oil of wintergreen, camphor, eucalyptus oil and turpentine oil; k) topical cannabinoids including selective and non-selective CB1/CB2 ligands; 1) agents with analgesic and antipyretic properties including acetaminophen; m) agents that modify inflammatory mediators including infliximab; n) nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, particularly inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide stnthase; and other agents, such as capsaicin.
  • opioids including codeine,
  • compounds according to the present invention may be administered with an agent selected from the group comprising: corticosteroids including dexamethasome, prednisone, and methylprednisolone; immunosuppressant agents including azathioprine, cyclosporine, and immunoglobulins; and prostaglandin analogs including latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost, and unoprostone; prostaglandin analogs that modify inflammatory mediators including infliximab and rutuximab; and antimetabolites including methotrexate.
  • corticosteroids including dexamethasome, prednisone, and methylprednisolone
  • immunosuppressant agents including azathioprine, cyclosporine, and immunoglobulins
  • prostaglandin analogs including latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost, and unoprostone
  • compounds according to the present invention may be administered with an agent selected from the group comprising: sympathomimetic agents including salmeterol, albuterol, terbutaline, metaproterenol, and ipratropium bromide; and mast cell stabilizers including cromolyn.
  • sympathomimetic agents including salmeterol, albuterol, terbutaline, metaproterenol, and ipratropium bromide
  • mast cell stabilizers including cromolyn.
  • compounds according to the present invention may be administered with an agent selected from the group comprising: insulin and insulin derivatives; sulfonylureas agents including glimepiride and glipizide; biguanide agents including metformin; and PPAR modulators such as thiazolidnedione agents including pioglitazone and rosigliatzone.
  • compounds according to the present invention may be administered with an agent selected from the group comprising: aromatase inhibitors, antiestrogen, anti-androgen, or gonadorelin agonists, topoisomerase 1 and 2 inhibitors, microtubule active agents, alkylating agents, antineoplastic antimetabolites, or platin containing compounds, lipid or protein kinase targeting agents, protein or lipid phosphatase targeting agents, anti-angiogentic agents, agents that induce cell differentiation, bradykinin 1 receptor antagonists, angiotensin II antagonists, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, heparanase inhibitors, lymphokines or cytokine inhibitors, bisphosphanates, rapamycin derivatives, anti-apoptotic pathway inhibitors, apoptotic pathway agonists, inhibitors of Ras isoforms, telomerase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, metal loproteina
  • compounds according to the present invention may be administered with an agent selected from the group comprising: beta- blockers including timolol, betaxolol, levobetaxolol, carteolol, levobunolol, and propranolol; carbonic anhydrase inhibitors including brinzolamide and dorzolamide; ⁇ - and ⁇ -adrenergic antagonists including ⁇ l -adrenergic antagonists such as nipradilol and ⁇ 2 agonists such as iopidine and brimonidine; miotics including pilocarpine and epinephrine; prostaglandin analogs including latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost, and unoprostone; corticosteroids including dexamethasone, prednisone, and methylprednisolone; and immunosuppressant agents including azathio
  • the multiple therapeutic agents may be administered in any order or even simultaneously. If simultaneously, the multiple therapeutic agents may be provided in a single, unified form, or in multiple forms (by way of example only, either as a single pill or as two separate pills). One of the therapeutic agents may be given in multiple doses, or both may be given as multiple doses. If not simultaneous, the timing between the multiple doses may be any duration of time ranging from a few minutes to four weeks.
  • the present invention provides methods for treating p38 kinase mediated disorders in a human or animal subject in need of such treatment comprising administering to said subject an amount of a compound of the present invention effective to reduce or prevent said disorder in the subject in combination with at least one additional agent for the treatment of said disorder that is known in the art.
  • the present invention provides therapeutic compositions comprising at least one compound of the present invention in combination with one or more additional agents for the treatment of p38 kinase mediated disorders.
  • Diseases or disorders in which p38 kinase plays a role include, without limitation: neurological diseases, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, bone-destructive disorders, proliferative disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, viral diseases, allergies, infectious diseases, heart attacks and other cardiovascular conditions, angiogenic disorders, reperfusion/ischemia in stroke, vascular hyperplasia, organ hypoxia, cardiac hypertrophy, thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, and conditions associated with prostaglandin endoperoxidase synthetase-2 (COX -2).
  • the invention further extends to the particular disease of inflammatory pain.
  • Neurological diseases that may be prevented or treated to include, without limitation: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), neuropathic pain including lower back pain, peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and multiple sclerosis.
  • AD Alzheimer's disease
  • PD Parkinson's disease
  • neuropathic pain including lower back pain
  • peripheral neuropathy peripheral neuropathy
  • diabetic neuropathy diabetic neuropathy
  • multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis
  • Autoimmune diseases which may be prevented or treated include, without limitation: osteoarthritis, spondyloarthropathies, systemic lupus nephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, chronic thyroiditis, Grave's disease, hemolytic anemia, autoimmune gastritis, autoimmune neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, chronic active hepatitis, myasthenia gravis, atopic dermatitis, graft vs. host disease, or psoriasis.
  • the invention further extends to the particular autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Inflammatory diseases which may be prevented or treated include, without limitation: asthma, allergies, respiratory distress syndrome or acute or chronic pancreatitis. Furthermore, respiratory system diseases may be prevented or treated including but not limited to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis.
  • p38 inhibitors of this invention also exhibit inhibition of expression of inducible pro-inflammatory proteins such as prostaglandin endoperoxidase synthetase-2, otherwise known as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and are therefore of use in therapy.
  • Pro-inflammatory mediators of the cyclooxygenase pathway derived from arachidonic acid, such as prostaglandins are produced by inducible COX-2 enzyme. Regulation of COX-2 would regulate these pro-inflammatory mediators, which affect a wide variety of cells and are important and critical inflammatory mediators of a wide variety of disease states and conditions.
  • these inflammatory mediators have been implicated in pain, such as in the sensitization of pain receptors, and edema.
  • additional p38 mediated conditions which may be prevented or treated include edema, analgesia, fever and pain such as neuromuscular pain, headache, dental pain, arthritis pain and pain caused by cancer.
  • Metabolic diseases which may be treated or prevented include, without limitation, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
  • Dermatologic diseases including, without limitation, psoriasis and persistent itch, and other diseases related to skin and skin structure, may be treated or prevented with p38 inhibitors of this invention.
  • Ophthalmologic dieases which may be treated or prevented include, without limitation, dry eye (including Sjogren's syndrome), macular degeneration, closed and wide angle glaucoma, inflammation, and pain of the eye.
  • Hematological and non-hematological malignancies which may be treated or prevented include but are not limited to multiple myeloma, acute and chronic leukemias including Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), and Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia(CLL), lymphomas, including Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (low, intermediate, and high grade), malignancies of the brain, head and neck, breast, lung, reproductive tract, upper digestive tract, pancreas, liver, renal, bladder, prostate and colorectal.
  • ALL Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
  • CLL Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
  • CLL Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
  • lymphomas including Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (low, intermediate, and high grade)
  • the present invention includes compounds listed above in the form of salts, in particular acid addition salts.
  • Suitable salts include those formed with both organic and inorganic acids.
  • Such acid addition salts will normally be pharmaceutically acceptable.
  • salts of non-pharmaceutical Iy acceptable salts may be of utility in the preparation and purification of the compound in question.
  • Individual stereoisomers of compounds can be prepared synthetically from commercially available starting materials which contain chiral centers or by preparation of mixtures of enantiomeric products followed by separation such as conversion to a mixture of diastereomers followed by separation or recrystallization, chromatographic techniques, direct separation of enantiomers on chiral chromatographic columns, or any other appropriate method known in the art.
  • Starting compounds of particular stereochemistry are either commercially available or can be made and resolved by techniques known in the art.
  • the compounds of the present invention may exist as geometric isomers.
  • the present invention includes all cis, trans, syn, anti,
  • compounds may exist as tautomers; all tautomeric isomers are provided by this invention.
  • the compounds of the present invention can exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like. In general, the solvated forms are considered equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purposes of the present invention.
  • the compounds and formulations of the present invention are also useful for veterinary treatment of companion animals, exotic animals and farm animals, including mammals, rodents, and the like. More preferred animals include horses, dogs, and cats. All references, patents or applications, U.S. or foreign, cited in the application are hereby incorporated by reference as if written herein. The contents of United States prov appl'n no. 60/674,047 filed on April 22, 2005 are hereby incorp'd by ref in their entirety.
  • 2,4-difluoro-benzaldehyde A l L round bottom flask was charged with bromo-2,4-difluorobenzene (60.8g, 0.315 mol), and anhydrous ethyl ether (40OmL), under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled to —78 0 C, where BuLi (2.87M, 0.315mol) in hexane (1 1 OmL) was added drop wise, maintain the internal temperature below -65 0 C. After addition of BuLi DMF (145g, 1.987mol) was added drop wise, followed by stirring for 30 min at this temperature. The temperature was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight.
  • BuLi DMF 145g, 1.987mol
  • 4-Fluoro-benzaldehyde oxime A 500 mL 3-necked round bottom flask was charged with NH 2 OH-HCl (22.41 g, 322.49 mmol), H 2 O (50 mL), NaOH (12.9 g, 322.50 mmol) in H 2 O (50 mL), and 4-fluorobenzaldehyde (20 g, 161.15 mmol), which was added drop-wise as a solution in EtOH (150 mL). The resulting solution stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature. The mixture was concentrated and dissolved in 30 mL of H 2 O, which precipitates a white solid. The product was isolated by filtration, giving 21.5 g (96%) of 4- fluorobenzaldehyde oxime as a white solid.
  • Step 1
  • Example 61 DCM (0.7 mL), Et 3 N (0.140 mL, 1.0 mmol), and acetoxy acetyl hydrochloride (33.0 ⁇ L, 0.30 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature, and reaction progress was monitored by LC/MS. Work-up: the crude mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with water, dried over MgSO ⁇ and concentrated to yield a solid. The solid was dissolved in a 1 :1 solution of THF/MeOH (0.30 mL), and treated with LiOH (0.60 mL, 0.6 mmol). The solution was stirred at 5O 0 C for 30 minutes.
  • Step 1

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Abstract

The present invention relates to compounds and methods useful as inhibitors of p38 kinase for the treatment or prevention and treatment of diseases such as inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, destructive bone disorders, proliferative disorders, angiogenic disorders, infectious diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral diseases.

Description

ORTHO-TERPHENYL INHIBITORS OF P38 KINASE AND METHODS OF TREATING INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
This application claims the priority of United States provisional application 60/674,047, filed April 22, 5 2005 and Untited States provisional application 60/776,594, filed February 24, 2006.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to new ortho-terphenyl compounds and compositions and their application as pharmaceuticals for the treatment of disease. Methods of inhibition of p38 kinase activity 10 in a human or animal subject are also provided for the treatment diseases such as inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, destructive bone disorders, proliferative disorders, angiogenic disorders, infectious diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral diseases.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
15 The present invention relates to inhibitors of p38, a mammalian protein kinase involved in cell proliferation, cell death and response to extracellular stimuli. The invention also relates to methods for producing these inhibitors. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the inhibitors of the present invention and methods of utilizing those compositions in the treatment and prevention of various disorders. The compounds are potent inhibitors of p38 kinase and are useful in the
20 prophylaxis or treatment of p38 kinase mediated diseases or disorders, such as inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, destructive bone disorders, proliferative disorders, angiogenic disorders, infectious diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral diseases.
Four isoforms of p38 have been described (p38α./β/γ/δ). The human p38α enzyme was initially identified as a target of cytokine-suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs (CSAIDs) and the two isoenzymes
25 found were initially termed CSAID binding protein-1 (CSBP-I) and CSBP-2 [Lee, J. C. et al, Nature
(London) 1994, 372, 739-46]. CSBP-2 is now widely referred to as p38α and differs from CSBP-I in an internal sequence of 25 amino acids as a result of differential splicing of two exons that are conserved in both mouse and human [McDonnell, P. C. et al, Genomics 1995, 29, 301-2]. CSBP-I and p38α are expressed ubiquitously and there is no difference between the two isoforms with respect to tissue
30 distribution, activation profile, substrate preference or CSAID binding. A second isoform is p38β which has 70% identity with p38α. A second form of p38β, termed p38β2, is also known, and of the two this is believed to be the major form. P38α and p38β2 are expressed in many different tissues. However in monocytes and macrophages p38α is the predominant kinase activity [Lee, J. C, ibid; .ling, Y. et al, J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271 , 10531-34; Hale, K. K. et al, J. Immun. 1999, 162, 4246-52]. P38γ and p38δ
35 (also termed SAP kinase-3 and SAP kinase-4 respectively) have .about.63% and .about.61% homology to p38α respectively. P38δ is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle whilst p38δ is found in testes, pancreas, prostate, small intestine and in certain endocrine tissues. All p38 homologues and splice variants contain a 12 amino acid activation loop that includes a Thr-Gly-Tyr motif. Dual phosphorylation of both Thr-180 and Tyr-182 in the TGY motif by a dual specificity upstream kinase is essential for the activation of p38 and results in a >1000-fold increase in specific activity of these enzymes [Doza, Y. N. et al FEBS Lett., 1995, 364, 7095-8012]. This dual phosphorylation is effected by MKK6 and under certain conditions the related enzyme MKK3 (see FIG. 1) [Enslen, H. et al J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273,1741 -48]. MKK3 and MKK6 belong to a family of enzymes termed MAPKK (mitogen activating protein kinase kinase) which are in turn activated by MAPKKK (mitogen activating protein kinase kinase kinase) otherwise known as MAP3K.
Several MAP3Ks have been identified that are activated by a wide variety of stimuli including environmental stress, inflammatory cytokines and other factors. MEKK4/MTK1 (MAP or ERK kinase kinase/MAP three kinase-1), ASKl (apoptosis stimulated kinase) and TAKl (TGF-β-activated kinase) are some of the enzymes identified as upstream activators of for MAPKKs. MEKK4/MTK1 is thought to be activated by several GADD-45-like genes that are induced in response to environmental stimuli and which eventually lead to p38 activation [Takekawa, M. and Saito, H. Cell, 1998, 95, 521 -30]. TAKl has been shown to activate MKK6 in response to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). TNF- stimulated activation of p38 is believed to be mediated by the recruitment of TRAF2 [TNF receptor associated factor] and the Fas adaptor protein, Daxx, which results in the activation of ASKl and subsequently p38.
Several substrates of p38 have been identified including other kinases [e.g. MAPK activated protein kinase 2/3/5 (MAPKAP 2/3/5). p38 regulated/activated protein kinase (PRAK), MAP kinase- interacting kinase 1/2 (MNK1/2), mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1/RLPK) and ribosomal S6 kinase-B (RSK-B)], transcription factors [e.g. activating transcription factor 2/6 (ATF2/6), monocyte-enhancer factor-2A/C (MEF2A/C), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Elkl and Sap- I aI] and others substrates [e.g. cPLA2, p47phox]. MAPKAP K2 is activated by p38 in response to environmental stress. Mice engineered to lack
MAPKAP K2 do not produce TNF in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Production of several other cytokines such as IL- I , IL-6, IFN-g and IL-I O is also partially inhibited [Kotlyarov, A. et al Nature Cell Biol. 1999, 1 , 94-7]. Further, MAPKAP K2 from embryonic stem cells from p38α null mice was not activated in response to stress and these cells did not produce IL-6 in response to IL-I [Allen, M. et al, J. Exp. Med. 2000, 191 , 859-69]. These results indicate that MAPKAP K2 is not only essential for TNF and IL-I production but also for signaling induced by cytokines. In addition, MAPKAP K2 and K3 phosphorylate and thus regulate heat shock proteins HSP 25 and HSP 27, which are involved in cytoskeletal reorganization.
Several small molecule inhibitors of p38 have been reported which inhibit IL- I and TNF synthesis in human monocytes at concentrations in the low μM range [Lee, J. C. et al, Int. J. Immunopharm. 1988, 10, 835] and exhibit activity in animal models which are refractory to cyclooxygenase inhibitors [Lee, J. C. et al, Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1993, 696, 149], In addition, these small molecule inhibitors are known to also decrease the synthesis of a wide variety of pro-inflammatory proteins including IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). TNF-induced phosphorylation and activation of cytosolic PLA2, TNF- induced expression of VCAM-I on endothelial cells, and IL-1-stimμLated synthesis of collagenase and stromelysin are also inhibited by such small molecule inhibitors of p38 [Cohen, P. Trends Cell Biol. 1997, 7, 353-61].
A variety of cells including monocytes and macrophages produce TNF and IL-I . Excessive or unregulated TNF production is implicated in a number of disease states including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, pyresis, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis and other arthritic conditions, toxic shock syndrome, endotoxic shock, sepsis, septic shock, gram negative sepsis, bone resorption diseases, reperfusion injury, graft vs. host reaction, allograft rejection, adult respiratory distress syndrome, chronic pulmonary inflammatory disease, silicosis, pulmonary sarcoidosis, cerebral malaria, scar tissue formation, keloid formation, fever and myalgias due to infection such as influenza, cachexia secondary to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), cachexia secondary to infection or malignancy, AIDS or AIDS-related complex. The central position that p38 occupies within the cascade of signaling molecules mediating extracellular-to-intracellular signaling, and its influence over not only IL-I , TNF and IL-8 production but also the synthesis and/or action of other pro-inflammatory proteins (e.g. IL-6, GM-CSF, COX-2, collagenase and stromelysin), make it an attractive target for inhibition by small molecule inhibitors with the expectation that such inhibition would be a highly effective mechanism for regulating the excessive and destructive activation of the immune system. Such an expectation is supported by the potent and diverse anti-inflammatory activities described for p38 kinase inhibitors [Adams, ibid; Badger, et al, J. Pham. Exp. Ther. 1996, 279, 1453-61 ; Griswold, et al, Pharmacol. Comm., 1996, 7, 323-29].
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Novel compounds and pharmaceutical compositions that ameliorate imflammatory and immune disorders by inhibiting p38 kinase and the isoforms and splice variants thereof, especially p38α and p38β have been found, together with methods of synthesizing and using the compounds, including methods for inhibiting p38 kinase in a patient by administering the compounds.
The present invention discloses a class of compounds, useful in treating p38 kinase mediated disorders and conditions, defined by structural Formula I:
Figure imgf000004_0001
or a salt, ester, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein:
L, M, T, X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S; Q, U, V and W are each independently selected from the group consisting of N and C; Z is selected from the group consisting of N, C(O), C, O and S; R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, lower alkyl, lower alkylacyl, lower alkylalkoxy, lower alkylether, amide, amino, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)R9 , -C(S)(NR10R1 1), -C[N(OR12)]R13, - C(NR14XNR10R1 ') and -S(O)nR15; n is O, 1 or 2;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, lower alkyl, lower alkylether, amino, lower aminoalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R5 and R6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, alkoxyaryl, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, nitro, null, O- carbamoyl, "N-carbamoyl, S-sulfonamido, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R5 and R6 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted; R7 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkylacyl, lower alkyl, lower alkylether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, lower hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted:
Rs is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R9 is selected from the group consisting OfNR16R17, OR18, SR19, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylthio, arylsulfonyl, carbonylalkyl, carboxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl and N- carbamoyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R10, R1 1, R14, R16 and R17 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, lower alkenyl, alkynyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, alkylthio, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkyl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, carboxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or either pair of R10 and R1 1 or R16 and R17 may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; R12 and R13 are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted; R15 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, lower alkylamino, alkynyl, amino, aminocarbonylalkyl, aralkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxy!, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydrogen, thio and lower thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; and
R18 and R19are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
The invention further provides compounds of the Formula II:
Figure imgf000006_0001
wherein:
R1 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower acylalkyl, lower alkoxy, amide, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkylether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted; R2 is selected from the group consisting Of-C(O)R9 , -C[N(ORI 2)]R13 and -S(O)nR15; n is 0, 1 or 2;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower aminoalkyl, halo, lower haloalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R5 and R6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, alkoxyaryl, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, nitro, null, O- carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, S-sulfonamido, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R5 and R6 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R7 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, lower alkyl, lower alkylether, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted; Rs is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R9 is selected from the group consisting OfNR16R17, OR18, SR19, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower aminoalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, lower carbonylalkyl, heteroaralkyl, hydrogen and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; R10, R1 ', RH, R16 and R17 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, lower alkenyl, alkynyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, alkylthio, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkyl, arylamino, ai-ylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, carboxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or either pair of R10 and R1 1 or R16 and R17 may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted;
R12 and R13 are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted; R15 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, lower alkylamino, alkynyl, amino, aminocarbonylalkyl, aralkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydrogen, thio and lower thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; and R18 and R19are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
The invention further provides compounds of the Formula III:
Figure imgf000007_0001
wherein:
R1 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)R9 and -S(O)nR15; n is 0, 1 or 2; R3 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R5 and R6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, alkoxyaryl, lower alkyl, alkylene. amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, nitro, null, O- carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, S-sulfonamido, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R5 and R6 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R7 is selected from the group consisting of lower acyl, lower alkyl, halo, hydrogen, hydroxyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted; R8 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R9 is selected from the group consisting OfNR16R17, OR18, SR19, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylthio, arylsulfonyl, carbonylalkyl, carboxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl and N- carbamoyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
Rlu, Rπ, R'4, R16 and R17 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, lower alkenyl, alkynyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, alkylthio, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkyl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, carboxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or either pair of R10 and R11 or R16 and R17 may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted;
R12 and R13 are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R15 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, lower alkylamino, alkynyl, amino, aminocarbonylalkyl, aralkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydrogen, thio and lower thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; and
R18 and R19 are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
The invention further provides compounds of the Formula IV:
Figure imgf000008_0001
or a salt, ester, taulomer or prodrug thereof, wherein:
R1 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkylacyl, amide, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null; R2 may be selected from the group consisting of -C(O)R8 ,-C(S)NR9R10, -C[N(ORn)]R8, C(NR12XNR9R10) and -S(O)nR8; n is O, 1 , or 2;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkyl ether, amino, lower aminoalkyl, halo, lower haloalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halo, lower haloalkyl, hydrogen and null;
R5 and R6 are independently selected from the group consisting of amino, lower aminoalkyl, carbamoyl, carboxy, cyano, formyl, guanidino, halo, hydroxy, hydrogen, nitro, null, trifluoromethyl, trilluoromethoxy, ureido, C1-8 alkyl, Ci-8 alkoxy, C3.8 cycloalkoxyl, C4.8 alkylcycloalkoxy, Ci-8 alkyl carbonyl, Ci-8 alkoxycarbonyl, N-CM alkyl carbamoyl, N,N-di-[Q_4 alkyl]carbamoyl, hydroxyamino, CM alkoxyamino, C2-4 alkanoyloxyamino, C1.4 alkylamino, di[Q.4 alkyl]amino, di-[Ci_4 alkyl]amino-Q_4 alkylene-(C|.4 alkyl)amino, C|.4 alkylamino-Q.4 alkylene-(Q.4 alkyl)amino, hydroxy- C|_4 alkylene-(C!.4 alkyl)amino, phenyl, phenoxy, 4-pyridon-l-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, imidazol-l-yl, piperidino, morpholino, thiomorpholino, thiomorpholino-1 -oxide, thiomorpholino-1 ,1 -dioxide, piperazin-1 -yl, 4-CM alkylpiperazin-1-yl, dioxolanyl, Q.g alkylthio, arylthio, CM alkylsulphinyl, C1.4 alkylsulphonyl, arylsulphonyl, arylsulphonyl, halogen O-C1.4 alkyl, hydroxy-Cι.4 alkyl, C2-4 alkanoyloxy-C|_4 alkyl, C1.4 alkoxy-Q.4 alkyl, carboxy-C|.4 alkyl, formyl-Cι.4 alkyl, Q.4 alkoxycarbonyl-C|.4 -alkyl, carbamoyl-CM alkyl, N-CM alkylcarbamoyl-Cι.4 alkyl, N,N-di-[Ci.4 alkyl]carbamoyl-C|_4 alkyl, amino-Cι.4 alkyl, C|.4 aIkylamino-Cι.4 alkyl, di-[C|.4 alkyl]amino-C|.4 alkyl, phenyl-Ci.4 alkyl, 4-pyridon-l -yI-CM alkyl, pyrrolidin-1 -yI-C,-4 alkyl, imidazol-i -yl-Ci.4 alkyl, piperidino-C|.4 alkyl, morpholino-Ci.4 alkyl, thiomorpholino-Ci.4 alkyl, thiomorpholino-1 -oxide-Q.4 alkyl, thiomorpholino- l ,l-dioxide-C].4 alkyl, piperazin-l -yl-Q.4 alkyl, 4-C|.4 alkylpiperazin-1-yl-Ci4 alkyl, hydroxy-C2_4 alkoxy-Q.4 alkyl, CM alkoxy-C2.4 alkoxy-C|.4 alkyl, hydroxy-C2.4 aIkylamino-Cι.4 alkyl, CM alkoxy-C2-4 alkylamino-Ci.4 alkyl, CM alkyIthio-Q_4 alkyl, C]-4 alkylsu!phinyl-Q.4 alkyl, C1.4 alkylsulphonyl-Ci.4 alkyl, hydroxy-C2.4 alkylthio-C|.4 alkyl, CM alkoxy-C2.4 alkylthio-Q.4 alkyl, phenoxy-C|.4 alkyl, anilino-C|.4 alkyl, phenylthio-Q.4 alkyl, cyano-C|.4 alkyl, halogen O-C2.4 alkoxy, hydroxy-C2-4 alkoxy, C2_4 alkanoyloxy-C2.4 alkoxy, CM alkoxy-C2-4 alkoxy, carboxy-Q.4 alkoxy, formyl-Cι-4 alkoxy, C1-4 aIkoxycarbonyl-Ci.4 alkoxy, carbamoyl-Ci.4 alkoxy, N-CM aIkylcarbamoyl-Cι.4 alkoxy, N,N-di-[Q.4 alkyl]carbamoyI-C|.4 alkoxy, amino-C2_4 alkoxy, CM alky!amino-C2.4 alkoxy, di- [C|_4 aIkyl]amino-C2.4 alkoxy, di-[C|_4 alkyl-C2.4 alkoxy]amino-C2-4 alkoxy, C2.4 alkanoyloxy, hydroxy- C2.4 alkanoyloxy, CM alkoxy-C2.4 alkanoyloxy, phenyl-Q.4 alkoxy, phenoxy-C2.4 alkoxy, anilino-C2-i alkoxy, phenylthio-C2.4 alkoxy, 4-pyridin-l -yl-C2.4 alkoxy, piperidino-C2.4 alkoxy, morpholino-C2.4 alkoxy, thiomorpholino-C2.4 alkoxy, thiomorpholino- l-oxide-C2.4 alkoxy, thiomorpholino-1 , 1 -dioxide- C2.4 alkoxy, piperazin-l -yl-C2.4 alkoxy, 4-C|.4 aIkylpiperazin-l-yl-C2.4 alkoxy, pyrrolidin-1 -yl-C2^ alkoxy, imidazol-1 -yl-C2.4 alkoxy, halogeno-C2.4 alkylamino, hydiOxy-C2^ι alkylamino, C2.4 alkanoyloxy-C2.4 alkylamino, Ci-4 alkoxy-C2.4 alkylamino, carboxy-C1-4 alkylamino, Q.4 alkoxycarbonyl-Cι.4 alkylamino, carbamoyl-CM alkylamino, N-CM aIkylcarbamoyI-Q.4 alkylamino, N,N-di-[Ci_4 alkyl]carbamoyl-C|.4 alkylamino, amino-C2.4 alkylamino, C1-4 alkylamino-C2.4 alkylamino, di-[C]_4 alkyl]amino-C2-4 alkylamino, phenyl-C^ alkylamino, phenoxy-C2-4 alkylamino, aniIino-C2-4 alkylamino, 4-pyri don- 1 -yl -C2-1 alkylamino, pyrrolidin-l -yl-C2.4 alkylamino, imidazol-l-yl-C2.4 alkylamino, piperidino-C2_4 alkylamino, morpholino-C2.4 alkylamino, thiomorpholino-C2.4 alkylamino, thiomorpholino-l-oxide-C2_4 alkylamino, thiomorpholino-1 ,l-dioxide-C2.4 alkylamino, piperazin-1-yl- C2.4 alkylamino, 4-(Cu alkyl)piperazin-l-yl-C2_4 alkylamino, phenylthio-C2_4 alkylamino, C2.4 alkanoylamino, Cj-4 alkoxycarbonylamino, C\.4 alkylsulphonylamino, C1.4 alkylsulphinylamino, benzamido, benzenesulphonamido, 3-phenyIureido, 2-oxopyiτolidin-l-yl, 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l -yl, halogeno-C2.4 alkanoylamino, hydroxy-C2_4 alkanoylamino, hydroxy-C2.4 alkanoyl-(C|^ alkyl)-amino, C1.4 alkoxy-C2.4 alkanoylamino, carboxy-C2-4 alkanoylamino, Cμ alkoxycarbonyl-C2.4 alkanoylamino, carbamoyl-C2-4 alkanoylamino, N-C,.4 alkylcarbamoyl-C2.4 alkanoylamino, N,N-di-[Ci.4 alkyl]carbamoyl-C2.4 alkanoylamino, amino-C2.4 alkanoylamino, Q .4 alkylamino-C24 alkanoylamino and di-[C]4 alkyl]amino-C2.4 alkanoylamino; and any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from lower acylalkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, lower alkylacyl, lower aminoalkyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, lower hydroxyalkyl and nitro, or R5 and R6 may combine to form an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl;
R7 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkylacyl, lower alkyl ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxyl, lower hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkyl, lower alkylacyl, amino, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro;
R8 is selected from the group consisting OfNR9R10, OR9, SR9, alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, lower aminoalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyi, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyl, arylcarbonylalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, cycloalkylthioalkyl, arylsulfonylaminoalkyl, carbonylalkyl, carbonylheterocyclylcarbonylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkyl, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro;
R9 and R10 are independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, arylsulfonylaminoalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, lower aminoalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyl, arylcarbonylalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, carbonylalkyl, carbonylheterocyclylcarbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, cycloalkylthioalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl alkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro; or R9 and R10 may combine to form an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl;
R1 ' is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocyloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro;
R12 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro;
Ar is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, each optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl. lower alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl and aminocarbonyl, lower alkylacyl, lower alkyl, lower alkyl amide, carboxy, halo, lower haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro;
L, M, T, X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S; Q, U, V and W are each independently selected from the group consisting of N or C; Z is selected from the group consisting of N, C(O), C, O and S; wherein V, W, X, Y and Z taken together form an unsaturated ring containing at least one carbon atom; with the proviso that when V and W are carbon, then X, Y, and Z are not all nitrogen; with the proviso that when VWXZY does not form an aromatic ring, then Z must be C(O); with the proviso that when Y is oxygen then R7 is null and Ar is not an unsubstituted phenyl or a chloro-monosubstituted phenyl; and with the proviso that when Z is C, then R7 is not hydrogen. The invention further provides compounds of the Formula V:
Figure imgf000011_0001
or a salt, ester, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein:
R' is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkylacyl, amide, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null;
R2 may be selected from the group consisting of -C(O) R8,, -C[N(OR1 1)] R8 and -S(O)nR8; n is O, 1 , or 2; R3 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, halo, lower haloalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, chlorine, fluorine, hydrogen and null; R5 and R6 are independently selected from the group consisting of amino, lower aminoalkyl, carbamoyl, carboxy, cyano, formyl, guanidino, halo, hydroxy, hydrogen, nitro, null, trifluoromethyl, tritluoromethoxy, ureido, Q-8 alkyl, Q-8 alkoxy, C3.8 cycloalkoxyl, C4-8 alkylcycloalkoxy, Ci-8 alkylcarbonyl, C,.8 alkoxycarbonyl, N-C|.4 alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di-[C1-4 alkyl]carbamoyl, hydroxyamino, Q-4 alkoxyamino, C2-4 alkanoyloxyamino, C1.4 alkylamino, di[Q.4 alkyl]amino, di-[Q-4 alkyI]amino-Q-4 alkylene-(Q-4 alkyl)amino, C|.4 alkylamino-Q.4 alkylene-(Ci.4 alkyl)amino, hydroxy- Q-4 alkylene-(C|.4 alkyl)amino, phenyl, phenoxy, 4-pyridon-l -yl, pyrrolidin-1 -yl, imidazol-1 -yl, piperidino, morpholino, thiomorpholino, thiomorpholino-1 -oxide, thiomorpholino-l ,l-dioxide, piperazin-1 -yl, 4-C|.4 alkylpiperazin-1 -yl, dioxolanyl, Ci-8 alkylthio, arylthio, C1-4 alkylsulphinyl, Q-4 alkylsulphonyl, arylsulphonyl, arylsulphonyl, halogen C)-Q-4 alkyl, hydroxy-Q_4 alkyl, C2-4 alkanoyloxy-Q-4 alkyl, CM alkoxy-C|.4 alkyl, carboxy-C|.4 alkyl, formyl-C|.4 alkyl, CM aIkoxycarbonyI-Q-4 -alkyl, carbamoyl-C|_4 alkyl, N-CM alkylcarbamoyl-Ci.4 alkyl, N,N-di-[C|.4 alkyl]carbamoyl-Q-4 alkyl, amino-C|.4 alkyl, C|.4 alkylamino-C|_4 alkyl, di-[C].4 alkyl]amino-Q-4 alkyl, phenyl-CM alkyl, 4-pyridon-l -yl -Ci-4 alkyl, pyrroIidin-l -yl-Q-4 alkyl, imidazol-l -yl-C|.4 alkyl, piperidino-CM alkyl, morpholino-Q-4 alkyl, thiomorpholino-C|_4 alkyl, thiomorpholino-1 -oxide-Q.4 alkyl, thiomorpholino- l ,l-dioxide-C|_4 alkyl, piperazin-1 -yl-CM alkyl, 4-Cμ alkylpiperazin-1-yl-CM alkyl, hydroxy-C2.4 alkoxy-C].4 alkyl, Cμ alkoxy-C2-4 alkoxy-Ci.4 alkyl, hydroxy-C2-4 alkylamino-Q.4 alkyl, CM alkoxy-C2.4 alkylamino-Q-4 alkyl, CM alkylthio-CM alkyl, C|.4 alkylsulphinyI-C|.4 alkyl, C,.4 alkylsulphonyl-CM alkyl, hydroxy-C2-4 alkylthio-C|.4 alkyl, Q-4 alkoxy-C2-4 alkylthio-CM alkyl, phenoxy-Q_4 alkyl, anilino-C]_i alkyl, phenylthio-C|.4 alkyl, cyano-CM alkyl, halogen O-C2.4 alkoxy, hydroxy-C2_4 alkoxy, C2-4 alkanoyloxy-C2.4 alkoxy, CM alkoxy-C2-4 alkoxy, carboxy-Ci.4 alkoxy, formyl-C|.4 alkoxy, CM alkoxycarbonyl-Ci.4 alkoxy. carbamoy!-C|.4 alkoxy, N-CM alkylcarbamoyl-C|.4 alkoxy, N,N-di-[Q-4 alkyl]carbamoyl-C|.4 alkoxy, amino-C2.4 alkoxy, Ci-4 alkylamino-C2-4 alkoxy, di- [Ci-4 alkyl]amino-C2-4 alkoxy, di-[Ci-4 alkyl-C2.4 alkoxy]amino-C2.4 alkoxy, C2-4 alkanoyloxy, hydroxy- C2-4 alkanoyloxy, CM alkoxy-C2-4 alkanoyloxy, phenyl-C|.4 alkoxy, phenoxy-C2-4 alkoxy, anilino-C2.4 alkoxy, phenylthio-C2-4 alkoxy, 4-pyridin-l -yl-C2-4 alkoxy, piperidino-C2-4 alkoxy, morphoIino-C2.4 alkoxy, thiomorpholino-C2-4 alkoxy, thiomorpholino-l-oxide-C2.4 alkoxy, thiomorpholino- 1 ,1 -dioxide- C2-4 alkoxy, piperazin-l-yl-C2-4 alkoxy, 4-C]-4 alkylpiperazin-1 -yl-C2.4 alkoxy, pyrrolidin-l-yI-C2-4 alkoxy, imidazol-l -yl-C2-4 alkoxy, halogeno-C2.4 alkylamino, hydroxy-C2-4 alkylamino, C2-4 alkanoyloxy-C2-4 alkylamino, CM alkoxy-C2-4 alkylamino, carboxy-C|-4 alkylamino, C|-4 alkoxycarbonyl-Ci-4 alkylamino, carbamoyl-Q-4 alkylamino, N-Ci-4 alkylcarbamoyl-C|-4 alkylamino, N,N-di-[C|-4 alkyl]carbamoyl-Ci-4 alkylamino, amino-C2-4 alkylamino, CM alkylamino-C2-4 alkylamino, di-[C|-4 alkyl]amino-C2-4 alkylamino, phenyl-Ci-4 alkylamino, phenoxy-C2-4 alkylamino, anilino-C2-4 alkylamino, 4-pyridon- UyI-C2-4 alkylamino, pyrrolidin-l-yl-C2-4 alkylamino, imidazol- NyI-C2-4 alkylamino, piperidino-C2-4 alkylamino, morpholino-C2-4 alkylamino, thiomorpholino-C2-4 alkylamino, thiomorpholino-1 -oxide-C2-4 alkylamino, thiomorpholino-1 , l-dioxide-C2-4 alkylamino, piperazin-1 -yl- C2^i alkylamino, 4-(Ci-4 alkyl)piperazin-l-yl-C2-4 alkylamino, phenylthio-C2-4 alkylamino, C2-4 alkanoylamino, CM alkoxycarbonylamino, C!-4 alkylsulphonylamino, Ci-4 alkylsulphinylamino, benzamido, benzenesulphonamido, 3-phenylureido, 2-oxopyrrolidin-1 -yl, 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l -yl, halogeno-C24 alkanoylamino, hydroxy-C2.4 alkanoylamino, hydroxy-C2.4 alkanoyl-(C|_4 alkyl)-amino, C|.4 alkoxy-C2.4 alkanoylamino, carboxy-CM alkanoylamino, Cμ alkoxycarbonyl-C2.4 alkanoylamino. carbamoyl -C2.4 alkanoylamino, N-C, .4 aIkylcarbamoyl-C2.4 alkanoylamino, N,N-di-[Cj.4 alkyl]carbamoyI-C2.4 alkanoylamino, amino-Co-4 alkanoylamino, Cu alkylamino-C2.4 alkanoylamino and di-[C|.4 alkyl]amino-C2.4 alkanoylamino; any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro, or R5 and R6 may combine to form an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl; R7 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl ether, hydroxy, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from lower alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, lower alkyl, lower acylalkyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower aminoalkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, lower hydroxyalkyl and nitro;
R8 is selected from the group consisting OfNR9R10, OR9, SR9, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, lower aminoalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyl, arylcarbonylalkyl, carbonylalkyl and haloalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro;
R9 and R10 are independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, arylsulfonylaminoalkyl, lower aminoalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyl, arylcarbonylalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, carbonylalkyl, carbonylheterocyclylcarbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, cycloalkylthioalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro; or R9 and R10 may combine to form an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl;
R1 ' is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro;
R12 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocyloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkyl, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro; Ar is selected from the group consisting of phenyl and 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkylaminocarbonyl, lower alkylcarbonylamino, lower alkylacyl, lower alkyl, carboxy, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro;
L, T, X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S; M is selected from the group consisting of N, C and S;
Q, U, V and W are each independently selected from the group consisting of N or C; Z is selected from the group consisting of "N, C(O), C and O; wherein V, W, X, Y and Z taken together form an unsaturated ring containing at least one carbon atom; with the proviso that when V and W are carbon, then X, Y, and Z are not all nitrogen; with the proviso that when VWXZY does not form an aromatic ring, then Z must be C(O); with the proviso that when Y is oxygen, then R7 is null and Ar is not an unsubstituted phenyl or a chloro-monosubstituted phenyl; and with the proviso that when Z is C, then R7 is not hydrogen. The invention further provides compounds of the Formula Vl:
Figure imgf000014_0001
or a salt, ester, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein:
R1 is selected from the group consisting of halo, hydrogen, hydroxy and null;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)R8 Or-S(O)nR8; n is O, I , or 2;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or null;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, hydrogen and null;
R5 is selected from the group consisting of amino, lower aminoalkyl, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, hydrogen, null, tritluoromelhoxy, Ci-8 alkyl, C1-8 alkoxy, C3.8 cycloalkoxyl, C4-8 alkylcycloalkoxy, hydroxyamino, CM alkoxyamino, C2.4 alkanoyloxyamino, Q.4 alkylamino, imidazol-1 -yl, piperidino, morpholino, thiomorpholino, thiomorpholino-1 -oxide, thiomorpholino- 1,1 -dioxide, piperazin-1 -yl, 4-Ci- 4 alkylpiperazin-1-yl, dioxolanyl, Ci-8 alkylthio, arylthio, C1-4 alkylsulphinyl, halogen 0-C)-4 alkyl, hydroxy-Ci-4 alkyl, C2-4 aIkanoyloxy-CM alkyl, C|-4 alkoxy-Ci-4 alkyl, carboxy-CM alkyl, formyl-C|-4 alky], Ci-4 alkoxycarbonyl-C|.4 -alkyl, carbamoyl-Ci-4 alkyl, N-Ci-4 alkylcarbamoyl-Ci-4 alkyl, N,N-di- [Ci-4 alkyl]carbamoyl-C|-4 alkyl, amino-C|-4 alkyl, C|-4 alkylamino-C|-4 alkyl, di-[C|.4 alkyl]amino-C|-4 alkyl, phenyl-C|-4 alkyl, 4-pyridon-l -yl-C|-4 alkyl, pyrrolidin- NyI-Ci-4 alkyl, imidazol-l -yl-C|-4 alkyl, piperidino-C|.4 alkyl, morpholino-C|-4 alkyl, thioniorpholino-Ci-4 alkyl, thiomorpholino-l -oxide-Ci-4 alkyl, thiomorpholino-1 , l-dioxide-C|_4 alkyl, piperazin-l-yl-C|-4 alkyl, 4-Q-4 alkylpiperazin-l-yl-C^i alkyl, hydroxy-C2.4 alkoxy-C,.4 alkyl, CM alkoxy-C2.4 alkoxy-C|.4 alkyl, hydroxy-C2^ alkylamino-C1-4 alky!, C,.4 alkoxy-C2.4 alkylamino-Ci.4 alkyl, CM alkyIthio-C|^ alkyl, Q-4 alkylsulphinyI-Q.4 alkyl, C|.4 alkylsulphonyl-Q^ alkyl. hydroxy-C2.4 alkylthio-CM alkyl, Q-4 alkoxy-C2.4 alkylthio-CM alkyl, phenoxy-C|.4 alkyl, ani!ino-C|_4 alkyl, phenylthio-Ci.4 alkyl, cyano-Q.4 alkyl, halogen O-C2.4 alkoxy, hydroxy~C2.4 alkoxy, C2-4 alkanoyloxy-C2_4 alkoxy, CM alkoxy-C2_4 alkoxy, carboxy-Q.4 alkoxy, formyI-Ci_4 alkoxy, Ci-4 alkoxycarbonyl-C|.4 alkoxy, carbamoyl-C|.4 alkoxy, N-Q.4 alkylcarbamoyl-C).4 alkoxy, N,N-di-[Q.4 alkyl]carbamoyl-Ci.4 alkoxy, amino-C2.4 alkoxy, Q.4 alkylamiπo-C2.4 alkoxy, di- [C1.4 alkyl]amino-C2.4 alkoxy, di-[Cj.4 alkyl-C2.4 alkoxy]amino-C2.4 alkoxy, C2.4 alkanoyloxy, hydroxy- C2.4 alkanoyloxy, C,.4 alkoxy-C2.4 alkanoyloxy, phenyl -Cj-4 alkoxy, phenoxy-C2.4 alkoxy, anilino-CM alkoxy, phenylthio-C2.4 alkoxy, 4-pyridin-l -yl-C24 alkoxy, piperidino-C2.4 alkoxy, morpholino-CM alkoxy, thiomorpholino-C2.4 alkoxy, thiomorpholino- l-oxide-C2.4 alkoxy, thiomorpholino-l ,l-dioxide- C2.4 alkoxy, piperazin-l -yl-C2.4 alkoxy, 4-C]-4 alkylpiperazin-l-yl-C2.4 alkoxy, pyrrolidin-l-yl-CM alkoxy, imidazol-l-yl-C2.4 alkoxy, halogeno-C2.4 alkylamino, hydroxy-C2.4 alkylamino, C2.4 alkanoyloxy-C2.4 alkylamino, Q-4 alkoxy-C2.4 alkylamino, carboxy-C1-4 alkylamino, Cμ alkoxycarbonyl-Q_4 alkylamino, carbamoyl-Q.4 alkylamino, N-Q-4 alkylcarbamoyl-Cι.4 alkylamino,
N,N~di-[Q.4 alkyl]carbamoyl-Q_4 alkylamino, amino-C2.4 alkylamino, C1.4 alkyl am ino-C2_4 alkylamino, di-[C|_4 alkyl] amino-C2.4 alkylamino, phenyl-Ci.4 alkylamino, phenoxy-C2^ alkylamino, anilino-C2.4 alkylamino, 4-pyridon-l-yl-C2.4 alkylamino, pyiτolidin-l-yl-C2.4 alkylamino, imidazol-l -yl-C2_4 alkylamino, piperidino-C2.4 alkylamino, morpholino-C2.4 alkylamino, thiomorpholino-C2.4 alkylamino, thiomorpholino-l -oxide-C2_4 alkylamino, lhiomorpholino-l ,l -dioxide-C2.4 alkylamino, piperazin-1-yl- C2.4 alkylamino, 4-(C|.4 alkyl)piperazin-l-yl-C2.4 alkylamino, phenylthio-C2.4 alkylamino, C2.4 alkanoylamino, C)-4 alkoxycarbonylamino, CM alkylsulphonylamino, Ci-4 alkylsulphinylamino, benzamido, benzenesulphonamido, haIogeno-C2_4 alkanoylamino, hydroxy-C2.4 alkanoylamino, hydroxy- C2-4 alkanoyl-(C|_4 alkyl)-amino, C,.4 alkoxy-C2.4 alkanoylamino, carboxy-C2.4 alkanoylamino, C|.4 alkoxycarbonyl-C2.4 alkanoylamino, carbamoyl-C2.4 alkanoylamino, N-C1-4 alkylcarbamoyl-C2_4 alkanoylamino, N,N-di-[CM alkyl]carbamoyl-C2.4 alkanoylamino, amino-C2.4 alkanoylamino, C1-4 alkyIamino-C2.4 alkanoylamino and di-[Ci_4 alkyI]amino-C2.4 alkanoylamino; and any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro; R6 is selected from the group consisting of amino, lower aminoalkyl, carbamoyl, carboxy, cyano, formyl, guanidino, halogen, hydroxy, hydrogen, nitro, null, trifluoromethyl, tritluoromethoxy, ureido, C|.s alkyl, C1-8 alkoxy, C3.8 cycloalkoxyl, C4.8 alkylcycloalkoxy, C|.s alkylcarbonyl, Ci-8 alkoxycarbonyl, N-Ci-4 alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di-[CM alkyl]carbamoyl, hydroxyamino, C|.4 alkoxyamino, C2.4 alkanoyloxyamino, Ci-4 alkylamino, di[C|.4 alkyl]amino, di-[C|-4 alkyl]amino-Ci-4 alkylene-(C|.4 alkyl)amino, Ci-4 aIkylamino-C|.4 alkylene-(C|.4 alkyl)amino, hydroxy-C|.4 aIkylene-(C|.4 alkyl)amino, phenyl, phenoxy, 4-pyridon-l -yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, imidazol- 1-yl, piperidino, morpholino, thiomorpholino, thiomorpholino-1-oxide, thiomorpholino-l ,l-dioxide, piperazin-1 -yl, 4-C|.4 alkylpiperazin-l-yl, dioxolanyl, Ci-8 alkylthio, arylthio, C)-4 alkylsulphinyl, d.4 alkylsulphonyl, arylsulphonyl, arylsulphonyl, halogen O-C1.4 alkyl, hydroxy-C^ alkyl, C2.4 alkanoyIoxy-C|.4 alkyl, Q-4 alkoxy-C|.4 alkyl, carboxy-Ci.4 alkyl, formyl-C|.4 alkyl, Cμ alkoxycarbonyl-C,^ -alkyl, carbamoyl-C|-4 alkyl, N-C1-4 alkylcarbamoyl-C|-4 alkyl, N,N-di-[C|.4 aIkyl]carbamoyl-C|.4 alkyl, amino-C|.4 alkyl, C].4 alkylamino-Ci.4 alkyl, di-[C|.4
Figure imgf000016_0001
alkyl, phenyl-C|-4 alkyl, 4-pyridon-l -yl-CM alkyl, pyrrolidin-1-yl-CM alkyl, imidazoI-l -yl-Ci-4 alkyl, piperidino-C|.4 alkyl, morpholino-Cι.4 alkyl, thiomorpholino-Ci.4 alkyl, thiomorphoIino-l -oxide-Ci.4 alkyl, thiomorpholino-l ,l -dioxide-CM alkyl, piperazin-l -yl-C|.4 alkyl, 4-C]-4 alkyIpiperazin-1 -yl-C|.4 alkyl, hydroxy-QM alkoxy-C|.4 alkyl, Ci-4 alkoxy-C2-4 alkoxy-Cu alkyl, hydroxy-C2_4 a!kylamino-C|.4 alkyl, Ci-4 alkoxy-C2.4 alkylamino-C|-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkylthio-C1 -4 alkyl, C]-4 alkylsulphinyl-C|-4 alkyl, Ci-4 aIkylsulphonyl-C|-4 alkyl, hydiOxy-C2-4 alkylthio-C|.4 alkyl, Ci-4 alkoxy-C2-4 alkylthio-Ci-4 alkyl, ρhenoxy-Ci.4 alkyl, anilino-C].4 alkyl, phenylthio-Q.4 alkyl, cyano-C|4 alkyl, halogen O-C2-4 alkoxy, hydroxy-C2-4 alkoxy, C2-4 alkanoyloxy- C2-4 alkoxy, C|-4 alkoxy-C2-4 alkoxy, carboxy-Ci.4 alkoxy, formyl-Ci-4 alkoxy, C1-4 alkoxycarbonyl-Q^ alkoxy, carbamoyl-Ci-4 alkoxy, N-Ci-4 alkylcarbamoyl-C|-4 alkoxy, N,N-di-[C]-4 alkyl]carbamoyI-C).4 alkoxy, amino-C2-4 alkoxy, Q-4 alkyIamino-C2-4 alkoxy, di-[C|-4 alkyl]amino-C2-4 alkoxy, di-[C|-4 alkyl- C2-4 alkoxy] am ino-C2-4 alkoxy, C2-4 alkanoyloxy, hydroxy-C2-4 alkanoyloxy, C|-4 alkoxy-C2-4 alkanoyloxy, phenyI-Q-4 alkoxy, phenoxy-C2-4 alkoxy, anilino-C2.4 alkoxy, phenylthio-C2-4 alkoxy, 4- pyridin- NyI-C2-4 alkoxy, piperidino-C2-4 alkoxy, morpholino-C2-4 alkoxy, thiomorpholino-C2-4 alkoxy, thiomorpholino-l-oxide-Q.4 alkoxy, thiomorpholino-1 ,1 -dioxide-C2-4 alkoxy, piperazin-l-yl-C2-4 alkoxy, 4-C]-4 alkylpiperazin-l-yl-C2-4 alkoxy, pyrrolidin-I-yl-C2.4 alkoxy, imidazol-l-yl-C2-4 alkoxy, halogeno-C2-4 alkylamino. hydroxy-C2-4 alkylamino, C2-4 alkanoyloxy-C^ alkylamino, Ci-4 alkoxy-C2-4 alkylamino, carboxy-C]-4 alkylamino, C|-4 alkoxycarbonyl-Ci-4 alkylamino, carbamoyl-C|.4 alkylamino, N-CJ -4 alkyIcarbamoyl-C]-4 alkylamino, N,N-di-[Cι-4 aIkylJcarbamoyl-C|-4 alkylamino, amino-C2-4 alkylamino, Ci-4 alkylamino-C2-4 alkylamino, di-[C|_4 alkyl]amino-C2-4 alkylamino, phenyl-C|-4 alkylamino, phenoxy-C2-4 alkylamino, anilino-C2-4 alkylamino, 4-pyridon-l-yl-C2-4 alkylamino, pyπOlidin-l -yl-C2-4 alkylamino, imidazol-l-yl-C2-4 alkylamino, piperidino-C2-4 alkylamino, morpholino- C2-4 alkylamino, thiomorpholino-C2-4 alkylamino, thiomorpholino-l-oxide-C2-4 alkylamino, thiomorpholino-1 ,l-dioxide-C2.4 alkylamino, piperazin-l-yl-C2-4 alkylamino, 4-(Ci-4 alkyl)piperazin-l - yI-C2-4 alkylamino, phenylthio-C2-4 alkylamino, C2-4 alkanoylamino, Ci-4 alkoxycarbonylamino, Ci-4 alkylsulphonylamino, Ci-4 alkylsulphinylamino, benzamido, benzenesulphonamido, 3-phenylureido, 2- oxopyrrolidin-l -yl, 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l-yl, halogeno-C2-4 alkanoylamino, hydroxy-C2-4 alkanoylamino, hydroxy-C2-4 alkanoyl-(C|-4 alkyl)-amino, Ci-4 alkoxy-C2-4 alkanoylamino, carboxy-C2-4 alkanoylamino, Ci-4 aIkoxycarbonyI-C2-4 alkanoylamino, carbarn OyI-C2-4 alkanoylamino, N-Ci-4 alkylcarbamoyl-C2-4 alkanoylamino, N,N-di-[C]-4 alkyl]carbamoyl-C2-4 alkanoylamino, amino-CM alkanoylamino, C1 -4 alkylamino-C2-4 alkanoylamino and di-[C|-4 alkyl]amino-C2-4 alkanoylamino; and any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from lower alkyl, alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nilro; or R5 and R6 may combine to form an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl;
R7 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, hydrogen or null; R8 is selected from the group consisting OfNR9R10, SR9, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, lower aminoalkyl, carbonylalkyl and haloalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyl and nitro; R9 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, lower aminoalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonylalkyl, arylcarbonylalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylsulfonylaminoalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, cycloalkylthioalkyl, carbonylalkyl, carbonylheterocyclylcarbonylalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydroxyalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxy and nitro;
R10 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and hydrogen, or R9 and R10 may combine to form an optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl;
Ar is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-pyridyl, or 2,6 pyrimidinyl, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from lower alkylacyl, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkylaminocarbonyl, lower alkylcarbonylamino, carboxy, halo, lower haloalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more radicals independently selected from lower alkyl, alkoxy, lower alkylacyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyl and nitro;
L, T, X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S;
M is selected from the group consisting of N, C and S;
Q, U, V, W are each independently selected from the group consisting of N and C;
Z is selected from the group consisting of N, C(O), C and O; wherein V, W, X, Y and Z taken together form an unsaturated ring containing at least one carbon atom; with the proviso that when V and W are carbon, then X, Y, and Z are not all nitrogen; with the proviso that when VWXZY does not form an aromatic ring, then Z must be C(O); with the proviso that when Y is oxygen, then R7 is null and Ar is not an un-substituted phenyl or a chloro monosubstituted phenyl; and
With the proviso that when Z is C, then R7 is not hydrogen.
In a broad aspect, the subject invention provides for novel compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of making and using the compounds and compositions. These compounds possess useful p38 kinase inhibiting or modulating activity, and may be used in the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease or condition in which the activity or hyperactivity of p38,kinase forms a contributory part. These compounds can inhibit and/or modulate the activity of p38 kinase. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In certain embodiments, the compounds of the present invention have structural Formula II:
Figure imgf000018_0001
wherein: R1 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower acylalkyl, lower alkoxy, amide, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkylether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R2 is selected from the group consisting Of-C(O)R" , -C[N(OR12)] R13 and -S(O)nR15; n is O, 1 or 2; R3 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower aminoalkyl, halo, lower haloalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R5 and R6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, alkoxyaryl, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyialkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, nitro, null, O- carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, S-sulfonamido, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R5 and R6 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R7 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, lower alkyl, lower alkylether, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted; R9 is selected from the group consisting OfNR16R17, OR18, SR19, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower aminoalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, lower carbonylalkyl, heteroaralkyl, hydrogen and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R10, R1 1, R14, Rlδ and R17 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, lower alkenyl, alkynyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, alkylthio, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkyl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, carboxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyialkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or either pair of R10 and R11 or R10 and R17 may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; R12 and Rπ are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R15 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, lower alkylamino, alkynyl, amino, aminocarbonylalkyl, aralkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydrogen, thio and lower thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; and
R18 and R1 'are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
The invention further provides for compounds of Formula III wherein:
Figure imgf000019_0001
wherein: R1 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R2 is selected from the group consisting Of-C(O)R5 and -S(O)nR15; n is O, 1 or 2;
R' is selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R5 and R6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, alkoxyaryl, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, nitro, null, O- carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, S-sulfonamido, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R5 and R6 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted; R7 is selected from the group consisting of lower acyl, lower alkyl, halo, hydrogen, hydroxyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted; R0 is selected from the group consisting OfNR16R17, OR18, SR19, lower alky], lower alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylthio, arylsulfonyl, carbonylalkyl, carboxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl and N- carbamoyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R10, R1 ', R14, R16 and R17 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, lower alkenyl, alkynyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, alkylthio, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkyl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, carboxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or either pair of R10 and R1 ' or R16 and R17 may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted;
R12 and R13 are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted; R15 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, lower alkylamino, alkynyl, amino, aminocarbonylalkyl, aralkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydrogen, thio and lower thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; and R18 and Rl 9are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
In further embodiments the invention provides for compounds of Formula VII:
Figure imgf000020_0001
wherein:
K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and "NR27; L is selected from the group consisting of CR28, "NR29, S and O; Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S; M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S; Q is selected from the group consisting of C, N and S;
R20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR30R31, OR32, SR33, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R21 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted; R22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxyl, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R23 and R24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro, null, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, phenanthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R23 and R24 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R25 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R26 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted; R28 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl and thioalkyl any of which may be optionally substituted:
R31 is selected from the the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R30 and R3' may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; and
R32 and R33 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
The invention further provides for compounds having structural Formula VlIl:
Figure imgf000022_0001
wherein:
K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR27; L is selected from the group consisting of CR28, NR29, S and O; Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N. C, O and S;
M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S; Q is selected from the group consisting of C, N and S;
R20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR30R11, OR32, SR33, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R2' is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted; R22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxyl, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R23 and R24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro, null, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, phenanthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R23 and R2A may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R25 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R26 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted; R2S is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted; R30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl and thioalkyl any of which may be optionally substituted; R31 is selected from the the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R30 and R31 may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; and Rj2 and R33 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
The invention provides for compounds having structural Formula IX:
Figure imgf000023_0001
wherein:
K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR27;
L is selected from the group consisting of CR28, NR2'', S and O;
Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S;
M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S; Q is selected from the group consisting of C, N and S;
R20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR30R31, OR32, SR33, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R21 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxy!, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted; R23 and R24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro, null, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, phenanthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R23 and R24 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R25 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted; R26 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R28 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl and thioalkyl any of which may be optionally substituted;
R3' is selected from the the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R30 and R3' may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; and
R32 and R3j are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted. The invention provides for compounds having structural Formula X:
Figure imgf000024_0001
wherein:
K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR27; L is selected from the group consisting of CR28, NR29, S and O; Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S;
M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S; Q is selected from the group consisting of C, N and S;
R20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR30R31, OR32, SR33, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloallcylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R2' is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxyl, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R23 and R24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloallcylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro, null, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, phenanthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R2j and R24 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted; R25 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R26 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R28 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted; R30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonyl alkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl and thioalkyl any of which may be optionally substituted;
R31 is selected from the the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonyl alkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R30 and R3' may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; and
R32 and R33 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
The invention provides for compounds having structural Formula XI:
Figure imgf000026_0001
wherein:
K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR27; L is selected from the group consisting of CR28, "NR29, S and O; Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S;
M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S; Q is selected from the group consisting of C, N and S;
R20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR30R31, OR32, SR33, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, "N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R2' is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted; R22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxyl, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R23 and R24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro, null, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, phenanthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R23 and R24 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R25 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R2ft is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted; R28 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, am inocarbonyl alkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl and thioalky! any of which may be optionally substituted;
R31 is selected from the the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R30 and R31 may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; and
R32 and R13 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
The invention provides for compounds of Formula XI wherein R26-is optionally substituted phenyl.
The invention provides for compounds of Formula XI wherein R23 or R24 is optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydrogen or null. The invention provides for compounds of Formula XI wherein R20 is optionally substituted amine, alkylamine, heteroarylalkyl or OR32.
The invention yet further provides for compounds having structural Formula XII:
Figure imgf000027_0001
wherein: K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR27;
L is selected from the group consisting of CR28, NR29, S and O;
Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S;
M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S;
Q is selected from the group consisting of C, N and S; R20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR30R31, OR32, SR33, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; R2' is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl. alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxy!, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted; R23 and R24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro, null, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, phenanthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R23 and R24 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R25 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted; R26 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R28 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl and thioalkyl any of which may be optionally substituted;
R3' is selected from the the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R30 and R31 may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; and
R32 and R33 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted. In further embodiments the invention provides for compounds having structural Formula XIlI:
Figure imgf000028_0001
wherein:
K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR27;
L is selected from the group consisting of CR28, NR29, S and O; Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S;
M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S;
Q is selected from the group consisting of C, N and S;
R20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR30R3', OR32, SR33, alkoxy, alky], alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R21 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxy!, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R23 and R24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro, null, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, phenanthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R23 and R24 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted; R" is selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R26 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R2S is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted; R30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl and thioalkyl any of which may be optionally substituted;
R31 is selected from the the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R30 and R3' may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; and R32 and R33 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
The invention further provides for compounds having structural Formula XIV:
Figure imgf000030_0001
wherein:
K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR27; L is selected from the group consisting of CR28, NR29, S and O; Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of "N, C, O and S; M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S;
Q is selected from the group consisting of C, N and S;
R20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR30R31, OR32, SR33, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R2' is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxyl, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
' R23 and R24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro, null, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, phenanthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R23 and R24 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R25 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted; R26 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted; R28 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted; R30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl and thioalkyl any of which may be optionally substituted;
R3' is selected from the the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R30 and R3' may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; and
R32 and R33 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
The invention provides for compounds having structural Formula XV:
Figure imgf000031_0001
wherein: K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR27;
L is selected from the group consisting of CR28, NR29, S and O;
Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S;
M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S;
Q is selected from the group consisting of C, N and S; R20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR30R3', OR32, SR33, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; R2' is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxyl, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted; R23 and R24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro, null, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, phenanthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R23 and R24 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R25 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted; R26 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R28 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonyl alkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and heterocycloalkyl and thioalkyl any of which may be optionally substituted;
R31 is selected from the the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R30 and R31 may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; and
R32 and R13 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted. The invention provides for compounds of Formula XV wherein R26 is optionally substituted phenyl.
The invention provides for compounds of Formula XV wherein R2'1 or R24 is optionally substituted alkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydrogen or null.
The invention provides for compounds of Formula XV wherein R20 is optionally substituted alkyl, alkylamine, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or arylamine.
The invention provides for compounds of Formula I-XV for use in the inhibition of p38 kinase for the treatment of disease. The invention provides for compounds of Formula I-XV administered in combination with another therapeutic agent.
The term "acyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a carbonyl attached to an alkenyl, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, or any other moiety were the atom attached to the carbonyl is carbon. An "acetyl" group refers to a -C(O)CH3 group. Examples of acyl groups include formyl, alkanoyl and aroyl radicals.
The term "acylamino" embraces an amino radical substituted with an acyl group. An example of an "acylamino" radical is acetylamino (CH3C(O)NH-).
The term "alkenyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having one or more double bonds and containing from 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 6, carbon atoms. Alkenylene refers to a carbon-carbon double bond system attached at two or more positions such as ethenylene [(— CH=CH-),(-C::C— )]. Examples of suitable alkenyl radicals include ethenyl, propenyl, 2-methylpropenyl, 1 ,4-butadienyl and the like.
The term "alkoxy," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkyl ether radical, wherein the term alkyl is as defined below. Examples of suitable alkyl ether radicals include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, iso-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, and the like.
The term "alkoxyalkoxy," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to one or more alkoxy groups attached to the parent molecular moiety through another alkoxy group. Examples include ethoxyethoxy, methoxypropoxyethoxy, ethoxypentoxyethoxyethoxy and the like.
The term "alkoxyalkyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkoxy group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group. The term "alkoxyalkyl" also embraces alkoxyalkyl groups having one or more alkoxy groups attached to the alkyl group, that is, to form monoalkoxyalkyl and dialkoxyalkyl groups.
The term "alkoxycarbonyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkoxy group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. Examples of such "alkoxycarbonyl" groups include methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl and hexyloxycarbonyl.
The term "alkoxycarbonyl alkyl" embraces radicals having "alkoxycarbonyl", as defined above substituted to an alkyl radical. More preferred alkoxycarbonylalkyl radicals are "lower alkoxycarbonylalkyl" having lower alkoxycarbonyl radicals as defined above attached to one to six carbon atoms. Examples of such lower alkoxycarbonylalkyl radicals include methoxycarbonylmethyl.
The term "alkyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl radical containing from 1 to and including 20, preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 1 to 6, carbon atoms. Alkyl groups may be optionally substituted as defined herein. Examples of alkyl radicals include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, iso-amyl, hexyl, octyl, noyl and the like. The term "alkylene," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a saturated aliphatic group derived from a straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon attached at two or more positions, such as methylene (-CHr-). The term "alkylamino," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an amino group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group.
The term "alkylaminocarbonyl" as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkylamino group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. Examples of such radicals include N-methylaminocarbonyl and N,N-dimethylcarbonyl. The term "alkylcarbonyl" and "alkanoyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. Examples of such groups include methylcarbonyl and ethyl carbonyl.
The term "alkylidene," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkenyl group in which one carbon atom of the carbon-carbon double bond belongs to the moiety to which the alkenyl group is attached.
The term "alkylsulfinyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfinyl group. Examples of alkylsulfinyl groups include methylsulfinyl, ethyl sulfinyl, butylsulfinyl and hexyl sulfinyl.
The term "alkylsulfonyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfonyl group. Examples of alkylsulfinyl groups include methanesulfonyl, ethanesulfonyl, tert-butanesulfonyl, and the like.
The term "alkylthio," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkyl thioether (R-S- ) radical wherein the term alkyl is as defined above. Examples of suitable alkyl thioether radicals include methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, iso-butylthio, sec-butylthio, tert-butylthio, ethoxyethylthio, methoxypropoxyethylthio, ethoxypentoxyethoxyethylthio and the like.
The term "alkylthioalkyl" embraces alkylthio radicals attached to an alkyl radical. Alkylthioalkyl radicals include "lower alkylthioalkyl" radicals having alkyl radicals of one to six carbon atoms and an alkylthio radical as described above. Examples of such radicals include methylthiomethyl.
The term "alkynyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a straight-chain or branched chain hydrocarbon radical having one or more triple bonds and containing from 2 to 20, preferably from 2 to 6, more preferably from 2 to 4, carbon atoms. "Alkynylene" refers to a carbon- carbon triple bond attached at two positions such as ethynylene (-C:::C-, -C≡C— ). Examples of alkynyl radicals include ethynyl, propynyl, hydroxypropynyl, butyn-1 -yl, butyn-2-yl, pentyn-1 -yl, pentyn-2-yl, 4-methoxypentyn-2-yI, 3-methylbutyn-l -yl, hexyn-1 -yl, hexyn-2-yl, hexyn-3-yI, 3,3-dimethylbulyn-l -yl, and the like.
The term "amido," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an amino group as described below attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. The term "C-amido" as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a -C(=O)-NR2 group with R as defined herein. The term "N-amido" as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a RC(=O)NH- group, with R as defined herein.
The term "amino," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to — NRR , wherein R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycle, heterocycloalkenyl, and heterocycloalkyl, wherein the aryl, the aryl part of the arylalkenyl, the arylalkyl, the heteroaryl, the heteroaryl part of the heteroarylalkenyl and the heteroarylalkyl, the heterocycle, and the heterocycle part of the heterocycloalkenyl and the heterocycloalkyl can be optionally substituted as defined herein with one, two, three, four, or five substituents.
The term "aminoalkyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an amino group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group. Examples include aminomethyl, aminoethyl and aminobutyl. The term "alkylamino" denotes amino groups which have been substituted with one or two alkyl radicals. Suitable "alkylamino" groups may be mono- or dialkylated, forming groups such as, for example, N-methylamino, N-ethylamino, N,N-dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino and the like.
The terms "aminocarbonyl" and "carbamoyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to an amino-substituted carbonyl group, wherein the amino group can be a primary or secondary amino group containing substituents selected from alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl radicals and the like.
The term "aminocarbonylalkyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aminocarbonyl radical attached to an alkyl radical, as described above. An example of such radicals is aminocarbonylmethyl. The term "amidino" denotes an -C(NH)NH2 radical. The term "cyanoamidino" denotes an -C(N-CN)NH2 radical. The term "aralkenyl" or "arylalkenyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkenyl group.
The term "aralkoxy" or "arylalkoxy," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkoxy group.
The term "aralkyl" or "arylalkyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group.
The term "aralkylamino" or "arylalkylamino," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an arylalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a nitrogen atom, wherein the nitrogen atom is substituted with hydrogen.
The term "aralkylidene" or "arylalkyl idene," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylidene group
The term "aralkylthio" or "arylalkylthio," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an arylalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfur atom. The term "aralkynyl" or "arylalkynyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkynyl group.
The term "aralkoxycarbonyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a radical of the formula aralkyl-O-C(O)- in which the term "aralkyl," has the significance given above. Examples of an aralkoxycarbonyl radical are benzyloxycarbonyl (Z or Cbz) and 4-methoxyphenylmethoxycarbonyl (MOS).
The term "aralkanoyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an acyl radical derived from an aryl-substituted alkanecarboxylic acid such as benzoyl, phenylacetyl, 3-phenylpropionyl (hydrocinnamoyl), 4-phenylbutyryl, (2-naphthyl)acetyl, 4-chlorohydrocinnamoyI, 4- aminohydrocinnamoyl, 4-methoxyhydrocinnamoyl, and the like. The term "aroyl" refers to an acyl radical derived from an arylcarboxylic acid, "aryl" having the meaning given below. Examples of such aroyl radicals include substituted and unsubstituted benzoyl or napthoyl such as benzoyl, 4- chlorobenzoyl, 4-carboxybenzoyl, 4-(benzyloxycarbonyl)benzoyl, 1 -naphthoyl, 2-naphthoyl, 6-carboxy- 2-naphthoyl, 6-(benzyIoxycarbonyl)-2-naphthoyl, 3 -benzyl oxy-2-naphthoyl, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoyl, 3- (benzyloxyformamido)-2-naphthoyl, and the like.
The term "aryl," as used herein, alone or in combination, means a carbocyclic aromatic system containing one, two or three rings wherein such rings may be attached together in a pendent manner or may be fused. The term "aryl" embraces aromatic radicals such as benzyl, phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthryl, indanyl, indenyl, annulenyl, azulenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, and biphenyl. The term "arylamino" as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent moiety through an amino group, such as methylamino, N-phenylamino, and the like.
The terms "arylcarbonyl" and "aroyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group.
The term "aryloxy," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.
The term "arylsulfonyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfonyl group.
The term "arylthio," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfur atom. The terms "carboxy" or "carboxyl", whether used alone or with other terms, such as
"carboxyalkyl", denotes --CO2H.
The terms "benzo" and "benz," as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to the divalent radical Q,HL|= derived from benzene. Examples include benzothiophene and benzimidazole.
The term "O-carbamyl" as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a -OC(O)NR, group-with R as defined herein.
The term "N-carbamyl" as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a ROC(O)NH- group, with R as defined herein. The term "carbonyl," as used herein, when alone includes formyl [-C(O)H] and in combination is a— C(O)- group.
The term "carboxy," as used herein, refers to -C(O)OH or the corresponding "carboxylate" anion, such as is in a carboxylic acid salt. An "O-carboxy" group refers to a RC(O)O- group, where R is as defined herein. A "C-carboxy" group refers to a -C(O)OR groups where R is as defined herein.
The term "cyano," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to -CN.
The term "cycloalkyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a saturated or partially saturated monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic alkyl radical wherein each cyclic moiety contains from 3 to 12, preferably five to seven, carbon atom ring members and which may optionally be a benzo fused ring system which is optionally substituted as defined herein. Examples of such cycloalkyl radicals include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, octahydronaphthyl, 2,3-dihydro-l H- indenyl, adamantyl and the like. "Bicyclic" and "tricyclic" as used herein are intended to include both fused ring systems, such as decahydonapthalene, octahydronapthalene as well as the multicyclic (multicentered) saturated or partially unsaturated type. The latter type of isomer.is exemplified in general by bicyclo[2,2,2]octane, bicyclo[2,2,2]octane, bicyclo[l , 1 ,l]pentane, camphor and bicyclo[3,2,l]octane.
The term "ester," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a carbonyl group bridging two moieties linked at carbon atoms.
The term "ether," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an oxy group bridging two moieties linked at carbon atoms. The term "halo," or "halogen," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
The term "haloalkoxy," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a haloalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.
The term "haloalkyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkyl radical having the meaning as defined above wherein one or more hydrogens are replaced with a halogen. Specifically embraced are monohaloalkyl, dihaloalkyl and polyhaloalkyl radicals. A monohaloalkyl radical, for one example, may have either an iodo, broino, chloro or fluoro atom within the radical. Dihalo and polyhaloalkyl radicals may have two or more of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals. Examples of haloalkyl radicals include fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoropropyl, difluorochloromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, difluoroethyl, difiuoropropyl, dichloroethyl and dichloropropyl. "Haloalkylene" refers to a halohydrocarbyl group attached at two or more positions. Examples include fluoromethylene (-CFH-), difluoromethylene (-CF2 -), chloromethylene (— CHCl-) and the like. Examples of such haloalkyl radicals include chloromethyl, 1 -bromoethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1 ,1 ,1-trifluoroethyl, perfluorodecyl and the like.
The term "heteroalkyl." as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a stable straight or branched chain, or cyclic hydrocarbon radical, or combinations thereof, fully saturated or containing from 1 to 3 degrees of unsaturation, consisting of the stated number of carbon atoms and from one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S, and wherein the nitrogen and sulfur atoms may optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen heteroatom may optionally be quaternized. The heteroatom(s) O, N and S may be placed at any interior position of the heteroalkyl group. Up to two heteroatoms may be consecutive, such as, for example, -CH2-ΗH-OCH3. The term "heteroaryl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to 3 to 7 membered, preferably 5 to 7 membered, unsaturated heterocyclic rings wherein at least one atom is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N. Heteroaryl groups are exemplified by: unsaturated 3 to 7 membered heteromonocyclic groups containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, for example, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl [e.g., 4H-l ,2,4-triazolyl, I H-1 , 2,3- triazolyl, 2H-1 ,2,3-triazoIyl, etc.]tetrazolyl [e.g. 1 H-tetrazolyl, 2H-tetrazolyI, etc.], etc.; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms, for example, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, tetrazolopyridazinyl [e.g., tetrazolo[l ,5-b]pyridazinyl, etc.], etc.; unsaturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic groups containing an oxygen atom, for example, pyranyl, furyl, etc.; unsaturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic groups containing a sulfur atom, for example, thienyl, etc.; unsaturated 3- to 6-membered heteromonocyclic groups containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl [e.g., 1 ,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1 ,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1 ,2,5-oxadiazolyl, etc.jetc; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic groups containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms [e.g. benzoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, etc.]; unsaturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic groups containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl [e.g., 1 ,2,4- thiadiazolyl, 1 ,3,4-thiadiazoIyl, 1 ,2.5-thiadiazolyl, etc.]and isothiazolyl; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic groups containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms [e.g., benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, etc.]and the like. The term also embraces radicals where heterocyclic radicals are fused with aryl radicals. Examples of such fused bicyclic radicals include benzofuryl, benzothienyl, and the like.
The term "heteroaralkenyl" or "heteroarylalkenyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a heteroaryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkenyl group.
The term "heteroaralkoxy" or "heteroarylalkoxy," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a heteroaryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkoxy group. The term "heteroaralkyl" or "heteroarylalkyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a heteroaryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group.
The term "heteroaralkyl idene" or "heteroarylalkylidene," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a heteroaryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylidene group. The term "heteroaryloxy," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a heteroaryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.
The term "heleroarylsulfonyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a heteroaryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfonyl group. The terms "heterocycloalkyl" and, interchangeably, "heterocycle," as used herein, alone or in combination, each refer to a saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic heterocyclic radical containing at least one, preferably 1 to 4, and more preferably 1 to 2 heteroatoms as ring members, wherein each said heteroatom may be independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and wherein there are preferably 3 to 8 ring members in each ring, more preferably 3 to 7 ring members in each ring, and most preferably 5 to 6 ring members in each ring. "Heterocycloalkyl" and "heterocycle" are intended to include sulfones, sulfoxides. N-oxides of tertiary nitrogen ring members, and carbocyclic fused and benzo fused ring systems; additionally, both terms also include systems where a heterocycle ring is fused to an aryl group, as defined herein, or an additional heterocycle group. Heterocycle groups of the invention are exemplified by aziridinyl, azetidinyl, 1 ,3-benzodioxolyl, dihydroisoindolyl, dihydroisoquinolinyl, dihydrocinnolinyl, dihydrobenzodioxinyl, dihydro[l,3]oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridinyl, benzothiazolyl, dihydroindolyl, dihy- dropyridinyl, 1 ,3-dioxanyl, 1 ,4-dioxanyl, 1 ,3-dioxolanyl, isoindolinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, piperidinyl, thiomorpholinyl, and the like. The heterocycle groups may be optionally substituted unless specifically prohibited.
The term "heterocycloalkenyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a heterocycle group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkenyl group.
The term "heterocycloalkoxy," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a heterocycle group attached to the parent molecular group through an oxygen atom. The term "heterocycloalkyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alky] radical as defined above in which at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by a heterocyclo radical as defined above, such as pyrrolidinylmethyl, tetrahydrothienylmethyl, pyridylmethyl and the like.
The term "heterocycloalkyl idene," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a heterocycle group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylidene group. The term "hydrazinyl" as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to two amino groups joined by a single bond, i.e., -N-N-.
The term "hydroxy," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to —OH.
The term "hydroxyalkyl" as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a linear or branched alkyl group having one to about ten carbon atoms any one of which may be substituted with one or more hydroxyl radicals. Examples of such radicals include hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl and hydroxyhexyl.
The term "hydroxyalkyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a hydroxy group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group.
The term "imino," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to =N-. The term "iminohydroxy," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to =N(OH) and =N-
O-.
The phrase "in the main chain" refers to the longest contiguous or adjacent chain of carbon atoms starting at the point of attachment of a group to the compounds of this invention. The term "isocyanato" refers to a— NCO group.
The term "isothiocyanato" refers to a- NCS group.
The phrase "linear chain of atoms" refers to the longest straight chain of atoms independently selected from carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. The term "lower," as used herein, alone or in combination, means containing from 1 to and including 6 carbon atoms.
The term "mercaptoalkyl" as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an R'SR— group, where R and R' are as defined herein.
The term "mercaptomercaptyl" as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a RSR'S— group, where R is as defined herein.
The term "mercaptyl" as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an RS- group, where R is as defined herein.
The term "null" refers to a lone electron pair.
The term "nitro," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to -NO2. The terms "oxy" or "oxa," as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to -0-.
The term "oxo," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to =0.
The term "perhaloalkoxy" refers to an alkoxy group where all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms.
The term "perhaloalkyl" as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an alkyl group where all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms.
The term "oxo" as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a doubly bonded oxygen.
The terms "sulfonate," "sulfonic acid," and "sulfonic," as used herein, alone or in combination, refer the -SO3H group and its anion as the sulfonic acid is used in salt formation.
The term "sulfanyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to — S and -S-. The term "sulfϊnyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to -S(O)-.
The term "sulfonyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to -SO2-.
The term "N-sulfonamido" refers to a RS(=O)2NH- group with R as defined herein.
The term "S-sulfonamido" refers to a -S(1O)2NR2, group, with R as defined herein.
The terms "thia" and "thio," as used herein, alone or in combination, refer to a— S- group or an ether wherein the oxygen is replaced with sulfur. The oxidized derivatives of the thio group, namely sulfinyl and sulfonyl, are included in the definition of thia and thio.
The term "thioether," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a thio group bridging two moieties linked at carbon atoms.
The term "thiol," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to an -SH group. The term "thiocarbonyl," as used herein, when alone includes thioformyl -C(S)H and in combination is a -C(S)- group.
The term "N-thiocarbamyl" refers to an ROC(S)NH- group, with R as defined herein.
The term "O-thiocarbamyl" refers to a -OC(S)NR, group with R as defined herein. The term "thiocyanato" refers to a -CNS group.
The term "trihalomethanesulfonamido" refers to a X3CS(O)2NR- group with X is a halogen and R as defined herein.
The term "trihalomethanesulfonyi" refers to a X3CS(O)2- group where X is a halogen. The term "trihalomethoxy" refers to a X3CO- group where X is a halogen.
The term "trisubstituted silyl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a silicone group substituted at its three free valences with groups as listed herein under the definition of substituted amino. Examples include trimethysilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, triphenylsilyl and the like.
The term "optionally substituted" means the anteceding group may be substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituents of an "optionally substituted" group may include, without limitation, one or more substituents independently selected from the following groups or a particular designated set of groups, alone or in combination: lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower alkanoyl, lower heteroalkyl, lower heterocycloalkyl, lower haloalkyl, lower haloalkenyl, lower haloalkynyl, lower perhaloalkyl, lower perhaloalkoxy, lower cycloalkyl, phenyl, aryl, aryloxy, lower alkoxy, lower haloalkoxy, oxo, lower acyloxy, carbonyl, carboxyl, lower alkylcarbonyl, lower carboxyester, lower carboxamido, cyano, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, amino, lower alkylamino, arylamino, amido, nitro, thiol, lower alkylthio, arylthio, lower alkylsulfinyl, lower alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylthio, sulfonate, sulfonic acid, trisubstituted silyl, N3, NHCH3, N(CH3)2, SH, SCH3, C(O)CH3, CO2CH3, CO2H, C(O)NH2, pyridinyl, thiophene, furanyl, lower carbamate, and lower urea. Two substituents may be joined together to form a fused five-, six-, or seven-menbered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring consisting of zero to three heteroatoms, for example forming methylenedioxy or ethylenedioxy. An optionally substituted group may be unsubstituted (e.g., - CH2CH3), fully substituted (e.g., -CF2CF3), monosubstituted (e.g., -CH2CH2F) or substituted at a level anywhere in-between fully substituted and monosubstituted (e.g., -CH2CF3). Where substituents are recited without qualification as to substitution, both substituted and unsubstituted forms are encompassed. Where a substituent is qualified as "substituted," the substituted form is specifically intended. Additionally, different sets of optional substituents to a particuar moiety may be defined as needed; in these cases, the optional substitution will be as defined, often immediately following the phrase, "optionally substituted with." The term R or the term R', appearing by itself and without a number designation, unless otherwise defined, refers to a moiety selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl. Such R and R' groups should be understood to be optionally substituted as defined herein. Whether an R group has a number designation or not, every R group, including R, R' and R" where n=(l , 2, 3, ...n), every substituent, and every term should be understood to be independent of every other in terms of selection from a group. Should any variable, substituent, or term (e.g. aryl, heterocycle, R, etc.) occur more than one time in a formula or generic structure, its definition at each occurrence is independent of the definition at every other occurrence. The term "bond" refers to a covalent linkage between two atoms, or two moieties when the atoms joined by the bond are considered to be part of larger substructure. A bond may be single, double, or triple unless otherwise specified.
The term "combination therapy" means the administration of two or more therapeutic agents to treat a therapeutic condition or disorder described in the present disclosure. Such administration encompasses co-administration of these therapeutic agents in a substantially simultaneous manner, such as in a single capsule having a fixed ratio of active ingredients or in multiple, separate capsules for each active ingredient. In addition, such administration also encompasses use of each type of therapeutic agent in a sequential manner. In either case, the treatment regimen will provide beneficial effects of the drug combination in treating the conditions or disorders described herein.
"p38 kinase inhibitor" is used herein to refer to a compound that exhibits an IC50 with respect to p38 kinase activity of no more than about 100 μM and more typically not more than about 50 μM, as measured in the p38α Assay described generally hereinbelow. "IC50" is that concentration of inhibitor which reduces the activity of an enzyme (e.g., p38 kinase) to half-maximal level. Representative compounds of the present invention have been discovered to exhibit inhibitory activity against p38 kinase. Compounds of the present invention preferably exhibit an IC50 with respect to p38 kinase of no more than about 10 μM, more preferably, no more than about 5 μM, even more preferably not more than about 1 μM, and most preferably, not more than about 200 nM, as measured in the p38 kinase assay(s) described herein. The phrase "therapeutically effective" is intended to qualify the amount of active ingredients used in the treatment of a disease or disorder. This amount will achieve the goal of reducing or eliminating the said disease or disorder.
The term "prodrug" refers to a compound that is made more active in vivo. The present compounds can also exist as prodrugs, as described in Hydrolysis in Drug and Prodrug Metabolism : Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Enzymology (Testa, Bernard and Mayer, Joachim M. Wiley-VHCA,
Zurich, Switzerland 2003). Prodrugs of the compounds described herein are structurally modified forms of the compound that readily undergo chemical changes under physiological conditions to provide the compound. Additionally, prodrugs can be converted to the compound by chemical or biochemical methods in an ex vivo environment. For example, prodrugs can be slowly converted to a compound when placed in a transdermal patch reservoir with a suitable enzyme or chemical reagent. Prodrugs are often useful because, in some situations, they may be easier to administer than the compound, or parent drug. They may, for instance, be bioavailable by oral administration whereas the parent drug is not. The prodrug may also have improved solubility in pharmaceutical compositions over the parent drug. A wide variety of prodrug derivatives are known in the art, such as those that rely on hydrolytic cleavage or oxidative activation of the prodrug. An example, without limitation, of a prodrug would be a compound which is administered as an ester (the "prodrug"), but then is metabolically hydrolyzed to the carboxylic acid, the active entity. Additional examples include peptidyl derivatives of a compound. The term "therapeutically acceptable prodrug," refers to those prodrugs or zwitterions which are suitable for use in contact with the tissues of patients without undue toxicity, irritation, and allergic response, are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and are effective for their intended uses.
As used herein, reference to "treatment" of a patient is intended to include prophylaxis. The term "patient" means all mammals including humans. Examples of patients include humans, cows, dogs, cats, goats, sheep, pigs, and rabbits. Preferably, the patient is a human.
The term "therapeutically acceptable salt," as used herein, represents salts or zwitterionic forms of the compounds of the present invention which are water or oil-soluble or dispersible; which are suitable for treatment of diseases without undue toxicity, irritation, and allergic-response; which are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio; and which are effective for their intended use. The salts can be prepared during the final isolation and purification of the compounds or separately by reacting the appropriate compound in the form of the free base with a suitable acid. Representative acid addition salts include acetate, adipate, alginate, L-ascorbate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate (besylate), bisulfate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, digluconate, formate, fumarate, gentisate, glutarate, glycerophosphate, glycolate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hippurate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethansulfonate (isethionate), lactate, maleate, malonate, DL-mandelate, mesitylenesulfonate, methanesulfonate, naphthylenesulfonate, nicotinate, 2- naphthalenesulfonate, oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylproprionate, phosphonate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, pyroglutamate, succinate, sulfonate, tartrate, L-tartrate, trichloroacetate, trifluoroacetate, phosphate, glutamate, bicarbonate, para-toluenesulfonate (p-tosylate), and undecanoate. Also, basic groups in the compounds of the present invention can be quaternized with methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides; dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates; decyl, Iauryl, myristyl, and steryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides; and benzyl and phenethyl bromides. Examples of acids which can be employed to form therapeutically acceptable addition salts include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, and phosphoric, and organic acids such as oxalic, maleic, succinic, and citric. Salts can also be formed by coordination of the compounds with an alkali metal or alkaline earth ion. Hence, the present invention contemplates sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium salts of the compounds of the compounds of the present invention and the like. Basic addition salts can be prepared during the final isolation and purification of the compounds by reacting a carboxy group with a suitable base such as the hydroxide, carbonate, or bicarbonate of a metal cation or with ammonia or an organic primary, secondary, or tertiary amine. The cations of therapeutically acceptable salts include lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and aluminum, as well as nontoxic quaternary amine cations such as ammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, methylamine, dimelhylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, diethylamine, ethylamine, tributylamine, pyridine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N-methylpiperidine, N-methylmorpholine, dicyclohexylamine, procaine, dibenzylamine, N,N-dibenzylphenethylamine, 1 -ephenamine, and N,N'- dibenzylelhylenediamine. Other representative organic amines useful for the formation of base addition salts include ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperidine, and piperazine. The compounds of the present invention can exist as therapeutically acceptable salts. The present invention includes compounds listed above in the form of salts, in particular acid addition salts. Suitable salts include those formed with both organic and inorganic acids. Such acid addition salts will normally be pharmaceutically acceptable. However, salts of non-pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be of utility in the preparation and purification of the compound in question. For a more complete discussion of the preparation and selection of salts, refer to Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use (Stahl, P. Heinrich. Wiley- VCHA, Zurich, Switzerland, 2002).
While it may be possible for the compounds of the subject invention to be administered as the raw chemical, it is also possible to present them as a pharmaceutical formulation. Accordingly, the subject invention provides a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, prodrug or solvate thereof, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers thereof and optionally one or more other therapeutic ingredients. The carrier(s) must be "acceptable" in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen. Any of the well-known techniques, carriers, and excipients may be used as suitable and as understood in the art; e.g., in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be manufactured in a manner that is itself known, e.g., by means of conventional mixing, dissolving, milling, neutralization, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping or compression processes. The formulations include those suitable for oral, parenteral (including subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intraarticular, and intramedullary), intraperitoneal, transmucosal, transdermal, rectal and topical (including dermal, buccal, sublingual and intraocular) administration although the most suitable route may depend upon for example the condition and disorder of the recipient. The formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy. All methods include the step of bringing into association a compound of the subject invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, prodrug or solvate thereof ("active ingredient") with the carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general, the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired formulation. The formulation may have ingredients, such as lubricants that facilitate how it operates within a dispensing device.
Formulations of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules, cachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; as a powder or granules; as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous liquid or a non-aqueous liquid; or as an oil-in-water liquid emulsion or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion. The active ingredient may also be presented as a bolus, electuary or paste.
Pharmaceutical preparations which can be used orally include tablets, push-fit capsules made of gelatin, as well as soft, sealed capsules made of gelatin and a plasticizer, such as glycerol or sorbitol. Tablets may be made by compression or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with binders, inert diluents, or lubricating, surface active or dispersing agents. Molded tablets may be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent. The tablets may optionally be coated or scored and may be formulated so as to provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient therein. All formulations for oral administration should be in dosages suitable for such administration. The push-fit capsules can contain the active ingredients in admixture with filler such as lactose, binders such as starches, and/or lubricants such as talc or magnesium stearate and, optionally, stabilizers. In soft capsules, the active compounds may be dissolved or suspended in suitable liquids, such as fatty oils, liquid paraffin, or liquid polyethylene glycols. In addition, stabilizers may be added. Dragee cores are provided with suitable coatings. For this purpose, concentrated sugar solutions may be used, which may optionally contain gum arabic, talc, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carbopol gel, polyethylene glycol, and/or titanium dioxide, lacquer solutions, and suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures. Dyestuffs or pigments may be added to the tablets or dragee coatings for identification or to characterize different combinations of active compound doses.
The compounds may be formulated for parenteral administration by injection, e.g., by bolus injection or continuous infusion. Formulations for injection may be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative. The compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents. The formulations may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example sealed ampoules and vials, and may be stored in powder form or in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example, saline or sterile pyrogen-free water, immediately prior to use. Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets of the kind previously described. The formulation may also be presented as a frozen bag or in a ready to use admixture.
Formulations for parenteral or ophthalmic administration include aqueous and non-aqueous (oily) sterile injection solutions of the active compounds which may contain antioxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents. Suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles include fatty oils such as sesame oil, or synthetic fatty acid esters, such as ethyl oleate or triglycerides, or liposomes. Aqueous injection suspensions may contain substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sorbitol, or dextran. Optionally, the suspension may also contain suitable stabilizers or agents which increase the solubility of the compounds to allow for the preparation of highly concentrated solutions. In addition to the formulations described previously, the compounds may also be formulated as a depot preparation including coatings that may be applied to an implantable device such as a stent. Such long acting formulations may be administered by implantation (for example subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection. Thus, for example, the compounds may be formulated with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for example as an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins, or as sparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as a sparingly soluble salt. For buccal or sublingual administration, the compositions may take the form of tablets, lozenges, pastilles, or gels formulated in conventional manner. Such compositions may comprise the active ingredient in a flavored basis such as sucrose and acacia or tragacanth. The compounds may also be formulated in rectal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas, e.g., containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, or other glycerides.
Compounds of the present invention may be administered topically, that is by non-systemic administration. This includes the application of a compound of the present invention externally to the epidermis or the buccal cavity and the instillation of such a compound into the ear, eye and nose, such that the compound does not significantly enter the blood stream. In contrast, systemic administration refers to oral, intravenous, intraperitoneal and intramuscular administration.
Formulations suitable for topical administration include liquid or semi-liquid preparations suitable for penetration through the skin to the site of inflammation such as gels, liniments, lotions, creams, ointments, sprays or pastes, and drops suitable for administration to the eye, ear or nose. The active ingredient may comprise, for topical administration, from 0.001 % to 10% w/w, for instance from 1 % to 2% by weight of the formulation. It may however comprise as much as 10% w/w but preferably will comprise less than 5% w/w, more preferably from 0.1 % to 1 % w/w of the formulation.
Gels for topical or transdermal administration of compounds of the subject invention may comprise, generally, a mixture of volatile solvents, nonvolatile solvents, and water. The volatile solvent component of the buffered solvent system may preferably include lower (Cl -C6) alkyl alcohols, lower alkyl glycols and lower glycol polymers. More preferably, the volatile solvent is ethanol. The volatile solvent component is thought to act as a penetration enhancer, while also producing a cooling effect on the skin as it evaporates. The nonvolatile solvent portion of the buffered solvent system is selected from lower alkylene glycols and lower glycol polymers. Preferably, propylene glycol is used. The nonvolatile solvent slows the evaporation of the volatile solvent and reduces the vapor pressure of the buffered solvent system. The amount of this nonvolatile solvent component, as with the volatile solvent, is determined by the pharmaceutical compound or drug being used. When too little of the nonvolatile solvent is in the system, the pharmaceutical compound may crystallize due to evaporation of volatile solvent, while an excess will result in a lack of bioavailability due to poor release of drug from solvent mixture. The buffer component of the buffered solvent system may be selected from any buffer commonly used in the art; preferably, water is used. The preferred ratio of ingredients is about 20% of the nonvolatile solvent, about 40% of the volatile solvent, and about 40% water. There are several optional ingredients which can be added to the topical composition. These include, but are not limited to, chelators and gelling agents. Appropriate gelling agents can include, but are not limited to, semisynthetic cellulose derivatives (such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose) and synthetic polymers, and cosmetic agents. Lotions according to the present invention include those suitable for application to the skin or eye. An eye lotion may comprise a sterile aqueous solution optionally containing a bactericide and may be prepared by methods similar to those for the preparation of drops. Lotions or liniments for application to the skin may also include an agent to hasten drying and to cool the skin, such as an alcohol or acetone, and/or a moisturizer such as glycerol or an oil such as castor oil or arachis oil. Creams, ointments or pastes according to the present invention are semi-solid formulations of the active ingredient for external application. They may be made by mixing the active ingredient in finely-divided or powdered form, alone or in solution or suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous fluid, with the aid of suitable machinery, with a greasy or non-greasy base. The base may comprise hydrocarbons such as hard, soft or liquid paraffin, glycerol, beeswax, a metallic soap; a mucilage; an oil of natural origin such as almond, corn, arachis, castor or olive oil; wool fat or its derivatives or a fatty acid such as steric or oleic acid together with an alcohol such as propylene glycol or a macrogel. The formulation may incorporate any suitable surface active agent such as an anionic, cationic or non-ionic surfactant such as a sorbitan ester or a polyoxyethylene derivative thereof. Suspending agents such as natural gums, cellulose derivatives or inorganic materials such as silicaceous silicas, and other ingredients such as lanolin, may also be included.
Drops according to the present invention may comprise sterile aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions and may be prepared by dissolving the active ingredient in a suitable aqueous solution of a bactericidal and/or fungicidal agent and/or any other suitable preservative, and preferably including a surface active agent. The resulting solution may then be clarified by filtration, transferred to a suitable container which is then sealed and sterilized by autoclaving or maintaining at 98-1000C for half an hour. Alternatively, the solution may be sterilized by filtration and transferred to the container by an aseptic technique. Examples of bactericidal and fungicidal agents suitable for inclusion in the drops are phenylmercuric nitrate or acetate (0.002%), benzalkonium chloride (0.01 %) and chlorhexidine acetate (0.01 %). Suitable solvents for the preparation of an oily solution include glycerol, diluted alcohol and propylene glycol.
Formulations for topical administration in the mouth, for example buccally or sublingually, include lozenges comprising the active ingredient in a flavored basis such as sucrose and acacia or tragacanth, and pastilles comprising the active ingredient in a basis such as gelatin and glycerin or sucrose and acacia. For administration by inhalation the compounds according to the invention are conveniently delivered from an insufflator, nebulizer pressurized packs or other convenient means of delivering an aerosol spray. Pressurized packs may comprise a suitable propellant such as dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas. In the case of a pressurized aerosol, the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount. Alternatively, for administration by inhalation or insufflation, the compounds according to the invention may take the form of a dry powder composition, for example a powder mix of the compound and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch. The powder composition may be presented in unit dosage form, in for example, capsules, cartridges, gelatin or blister packs from which the powder may be administered with the aid of an inhalator or insufflator.
Preferred unit dosage formulations are those containing an effective dose, as herein below recited, or an appropriate fraction thereof, of the active ingredient.
It should be understood that in addition to the ingredients particularly mentioned above, the formulations of this invention may include other agents conventional in the art having regard to the type of formulation in question, for example those suitable for oral administration may include flavoring agents.
The compounds of the invention may be administered orally or via injection at a dose of from 0.1 to 500 mg/kg per day. The dose range for adult humans is generally from 5 mg to 2 g/day. Tablets or other forms of presentation provided in discrete units may conveniently contain an amount of compound of the invention which is effective at such dosage or as a multiple of the same, for instance, units containing 5 mg to 500 mg, usually around 10 mg to 200 mg.
The amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration. The compounds of the subject invention can be administered in various modes, e.g. orally, topically, or by injection. The precise amount of compound administered to a patient will be the responsibility of the attendant physician. The specific dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diets, time of administration, route of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, the precise disorder being treated, and the severity of the indication or condition being treated. Also, the route of administration may vary depending on the condition and its severity.
In certain instances, it may be appropriate to administer at least one of the compounds described herein (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or prodrug thereof) in combination with another therapeutic agent. By way of example only, if one of the side effects experienced by a patient upon receiving one of the compounds herein is hypertension, then it may be appropriate to administer an antihypertensive agent in combination with the initial therapeutic agent. Or, by way of example only, the therapeutic effectiveness of one of the compounds described herein may be enhanced by administration of an adjuvant (i.e., by itself the adjuvant may only have minimal therapeutic benefit, but in combination with another therapeutic agent, the overall therapeutic benefit to the patient is enhanced). Or, by way of example only, the benefit of experienced by a patient may be increased by administering one of the compounds described herein with another therapeutic agent (which also includes a therapeutic regimen) that also has therapeutic benefit. By way of example only, in a treatment for diabetes involving administration of one of the compounds described herein, increased therapeutic benefit may result by also providing the patient with another therapeutic agent for diabetes. In any case, regardless of the disease, disorder or condition being treated, the overall benefit experienced by the patient may simply be additive of the two therapeutic agents or the patient may experience a synergistic benefit.
Specific, non-limiting examples of possible combination therapies include use of the compounds of the invention with agents found in the following pharmacotherapeutic classifications as indicated below. These lists should not be construed to be closed, but should instead serve as illustrative examples common to the relevant therapeutic areaat present. Moreover, combination regimens may include a variety of routes of administration and should include intravenous, intraocular, subcutaneous, dermal, inhaled topical, oral. For the treatment of inflammatory pain, compounds according to the present invention may be administered with an agent selected from the group comprising: a) corticosteroids including betamethasone dipropionate (augmented and nonaugemnted), betamethasone valerate, clobetasol propionate, prednisone, methyl prednisolone, diflorasone diacetate, halobetasol propionate, amcinonide, dexamethasone, dexosimethasone, fluocinolone acetononide, fluocinonide, halocinonide, clocortalone pivalate, dexosimetasone, and flurandrenalide; b) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including salicylates, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, etodolac, diclofenac, meclofenamate sodium, naproxen, piroxicam, and celecoxib; c) muscle relaxants and combinations thereof with other agents, including cyclobenzaprine, baclofen, cyclobenzaprine/lidocaine, baclofen/cyclobenzaprine, and cyclobenzaprine/lidocaine/ketoprofen; d) anaesthetics and combinations thereof with other agents, including lidocaine, lidocaine/deoxy-D-glucose (an antiviral), prilocaine, and EMLA Cream [Eutectic
Mixture of Local Anesthetics (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%; an emulsion in which the oil phase is a eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine in a ratio of 1 :1 by weight. This eutectic mixture has a melting point below room temperature and therefore both local anesthetics exist as a liquid oil rather then as crystals)]; i) opioids including codeine, loperamide, tramadol, morphine, fentanyl, oxycodone, hydrocodone, levorphanol, and butorphanol; j) topical counter-irritants including menthol, oil of wintergreen, camphor, eucalyptus oil and turpentine oil; k) topical cannabinoids including selective and non-selective CB1/CB2 ligands; 1) agents with analgesic and antipyretic properties including acetaminophen; m) agents that modify inflammatory mediators including infliximab; n) nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, particularly inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide stnthase; and other agents, such as capsaicin.
For the treatment of autoimmune disorders, compounds according to the present invention may be administered with an agent selected from the group comprising: corticosteroids including dexamethasome, prednisone, and methylprednisolone; immunosuppressant agents including azathioprine, cyclosporine, and immunoglobulins; and prostaglandin analogs including latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost, and unoprostone; prostaglandin analogs that modify inflammatory mediators including infliximab and rutuximab; and antimetabolites including methotrexate.
For the treatment of respiratory disorders, compounds according to the present invention may be administered with an agent selected from the group comprising: sympathomimetic agents including salmeterol, albuterol, terbutaline, metaproterenol, and ipratropium bromide; and mast cell stabilizers including cromolyn.
For the treatment of endocrine disorders, compounds according to the present invention may be administered with an agent selected from the group comprising: insulin and insulin derivatives; sulfonylureas agents including glimepiride and glipizide; biguanide agents including metformin; and PPAR modulators such as thiazolidnedione agents including pioglitazone and rosigliatzone.
For the treatment of oncologic diseases, proliferative disorders, and cancers, compounds according to the present invention may be administered with an agent selected from the group comprising: aromatase inhibitors, antiestrogen, anti-androgen, or gonadorelin agonists, topoisomerase 1 and 2 inhibitors, microtubule active agents, alkylating agents, antineoplastic antimetabolites, or platin containing compounds, lipid or protein kinase targeting agents, protein or lipid phosphatase targeting agents, anti-angiogentic agents, agents that induce cell differentiation, bradykinin 1 receptor antagonists, angiotensin II antagonists, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, heparanase inhibitors, lymphokines or cytokine inhibitors, bisphosphanates, rapamycin derivatives, anti-apoptotic pathway inhibitors, apoptotic pathway agonists, inhibitors of Ras isoforms, telomerase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, metal loproteinase inhibitors, and aminopeptidase inhibitors.
For the treatment of ophthalmologic disorders and diseases of the eye, compounds according to the present invention may be administered with an agent selected from the group comprising: beta- blockers including timolol, betaxolol, levobetaxolol, carteolol, levobunolol, and propranolol; carbonic anhydrase inhibitors including brinzolamide and dorzolamide; α- and β-adrenergic antagonists including αl -adrenergic antagonists such as nipradilol and α2 agonists such as iopidine and brimonidine; miotics including pilocarpine and epinephrine; prostaglandin analogs including latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost, and unoprostone; corticosteroids including dexamethasone, prednisone, and methylprednisolone; and immunosuppressant agents including azathioprine, cyclosporine, and immunoglobulins.
In any case, the multiple therapeutic agents (at least one of which is a compound of the present invention) may be administered in any order or even simultaneously. If simultaneously, the multiple therapeutic agents may be provided in a single, unified form, or in multiple forms (by way of example only, either as a single pill or as two separate pills). One of the therapeutic agents may be given in multiple doses, or both may be given as multiple doses. If not simultaneous, the timing between the multiple doses may be any duration of time ranging from a few minutes to four weeks.
Thus, in another aspect, the present invention provides methods for treating p38 kinase mediated disorders in a human or animal subject in need of such treatment comprising administering to said subject an amount of a compound of the present invention effective to reduce or prevent said disorder in the subject in combination with at least one additional agent for the treatment of said disorder that is known in the art. In a related aspect, the present invention provides therapeutic compositions comprising at least one compound of the present invention in combination with one or more additional agents for the treatment of p38 kinase mediated disorders. Diseases or disorders in which p38 kinase plays a role, either directly or via pro-inflammatory cytokines including the cytokines TTMF, IL-I , IL-6 and IL-8, include, without limitation: neurological diseases, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, bone-destructive disorders, proliferative disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, viral diseases, allergies, infectious diseases, heart attacks and other cardiovascular conditions, angiogenic disorders, reperfusion/ischemia in stroke, vascular hyperplasia, organ hypoxia, cardiac hypertrophy, thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, and conditions associated with prostaglandin endoperoxidase synthetase-2 (COX -2). The invention further extends to the particular disease of inflammatory pain.
Neurological diseases that may be prevented or treated to include, without limitation: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), neuropathic pain including lower back pain, peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and multiple sclerosis.
Autoimmune diseases which may be prevented or treated include, without limitation: osteoarthritis, spondyloarthropathies, systemic lupus nephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, chronic thyroiditis, Grave's disease, hemolytic anemia, autoimmune gastritis, autoimmune neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, chronic active hepatitis, myasthenia gravis, atopic dermatitis, graft vs. host disease, or psoriasis. The invention further extends to the particular autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis.
Inflammatory diseases which may be prevented or treated include, without limitation: asthma, allergies, respiratory distress syndrome or acute or chronic pancreatitis. Furthermore, respiratory system diseases may be prevented or treated including but not limited to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis.
In addition, p38 inhibitors of this invention also exhibit inhibition of expression of inducible pro-inflammatory proteins such as prostaglandin endoperoxidase synthetase-2, otherwise known as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and are therefore of use in therapy. Pro-inflammatory mediators of the cyclooxygenase pathway derived from arachidonic acid, such as prostaglandins, are produced by inducible COX-2 enzyme. Regulation of COX-2 would regulate these pro-inflammatory mediators, which affect a wide variety of cells and are important and critical inflammatory mediators of a wide variety of disease states and conditions. In particular, these inflammatory mediators have been implicated in pain, such as in the sensitization of pain receptors, and edema. Accordingly, additional p38 mediated conditions which may be prevented or treated include edema, analgesia, fever and pain such as neuromuscular pain, headache, dental pain, arthritis pain and pain caused by cancer.
Metabolic diseases which may be treated or prevented include, without limitation, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Dermatologic diseases including, without limitation, psoriasis and persistent itch, and other diseases related to skin and skin structure, may be treated or prevented with p38 inhibitors of this invention. Ophthalmologic dieases which may be treated or prevented include, without limitation, dry eye (including Sjogren's syndrome), macular degeneration, closed and wide angle glaucoma, inflammation, and pain of the eye.
Hematological and non-hematological malignancies which may be treated or prevented include but are not limited to multiple myeloma, acute and chronic leukemias including Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), and Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia(CLL), lymphomas, including Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (low, intermediate, and high grade), malignancies of the brain, head and neck, breast, lung, reproductive tract, upper digestive tract, pancreas, liver, renal, bladder, prostate and colorectal. As a result of their p38 inhibitory activity, compounds of the invention have utility in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with cytokine production including but not limited to those diseases associated with TNF, IL-I, IL-6 and IL-8 production.
The present invention includes compounds listed above in the form of salts, in particular acid addition salts. Suitable salts include those formed with both organic and inorganic acids. Such acid addition salts will normally be pharmaceutically acceptable. However, salts of non-pharmaceutical Iy acceptable salts may be of utility in the preparation and purification of the compound in question.
Asymmetric centers exist in the compounds of the present invention. These centers are designated by the symbols "R" or "S," depending on the configuration of substituents around the chiral carbon atom. It should be understood that the invention encompasses all stereochemical isomeric forms, including diastereomeric, enantiomeric, and epinieric forms,as well as d-isomers and 1 -isomers, and mixtures thereof. Individual stereoisomers of compounds can be prepared synthetically from commercially available starting materials which contain chiral centers or by preparation of mixtures of enantiomeric products followed by separation such as conversion to a mixture of diastereomers followed by separation or recrystallization, chromatographic techniques, direct separation of enantiomers on chiral chromatographic columns, or any other appropriate method known in the art. Starting compounds of particular stereochemistry are either commercially available or can be made and resolved by techniques known in the art. Additionally, the compounds of the present invention may exist as geometric isomers. The present invention includes all cis, trans, syn, anti, entgegen (E), and zusammen (Z) isomers as well as the appropriate mixtures thereof. Additionally, compounds may exist as tautomers; all tautomeric isomers are provided by this invention. Additionally, the compounds of the present invention can exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like. In general, the solvated forms are considered equivalent to the unsolvated forms for the purposes of the present invention.
Besides being useful for human treatment, the compounds and formulations of the present invention are also useful for veterinary treatment of companion animals, exotic animals and farm animals, including mammals, rodents, and the like. More preferred animals include horses, dogs, and cats. All references, patents or applications, U.S. or foreign, cited in the application are hereby incorporated by reference as if written herein. The contents of United States prov appl'n no. 60/674,047 filed on April 22, 2005 are hereby incorp'd by ref in their entirety.
GENERAL SYNTHETIC METHODS FOR PREPARING COMPOUNDS
Molecular embodiments of the present invention can be synthesized using standard synthetic techniques known to those of skill in the art. Schemes I-IV illustrate the general synthesis of intermediates of the present invention.
Synthesis of Isoxazole-acylpyrazole Terphenyls SCHEME I
Figure imgf000054_0001
EXAMPLE 1
Figure imgf000054_0002
2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazoI-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide: Step l
Figure imgf000054_0003
l-(5-MethyI-3-phenyI-isoxazol-4-yl)-ethanone: a-chlorobenzoyl oxime (15.5g, O.i mol, prepared as described in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry (2000), 37(6), 1505-1510) was dissolved in absolute EtOH (5OmL). Then acetylacetone (15g, 0.15mol) and triethylamine (15.2g, 0.15mol) were added. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight at 50 0C. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 1 :5). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, dissolved in EtOAc, washed with brine, dried with Na2SO^ and concentrated to an oil. The oil was further purified by column chromatography on silica gel (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 1 :50) to give a colorless crystal (13g, 65%).
Step 2
Figure imgf000055_0001
3-Dimethylamino-l-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-propenone:
A 100 mL round bottom flask was charged with l -(5-Methyl-3-phenyl-isoxazoI-4-yl)-ethanone (4.02g, 0.02mol), and DMF-DMA (2OmL). The resulting mixture was refluxed overnight. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc/Petroleum ether=l/l). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography (EtOAc/Petroleum ether=l/10) to afford a light yellow solid (3.4g, 66%).
Step 3
Figure imgf000055_0002
5-Methyl-3-phenyl-4-( 1 H-py razol-3-yl)-isoxazole: A 100 mL round bottom flask charged with hydrazine hydrate (6.3g, 0.1 mol) at -2O0C, treated with 3-Dimethylamino-l-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-propenone in EtOH (2OmL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 hours at this temperature, then warmed to room temperature overnight, and stirred overnight. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc/Petroleum ether=2:1). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated and crystallized, giving a yellow solid (2.15g, 96%). Step 4
Figure imgf000055_0003
3-(5-MethyI-3-phenyI-isoxazoI-4-yl)-pyrazoIe-l-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide:
A 50 πiL round bottom flask was charged with 5-methyl-3- phenyl -4-(pyrazolyl-5~) isoxazole (l .lg, 5.0 mmol), DCM (I O mL), and isopropyl isocyanate (10 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 48 h at room temperature. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtO Ac/Petroleum ether=l /1 ). Work-up: the reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 1/10), to afford the product as white crystals (66.8% yield). 1 H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.19 (s, I H), 7.56 (m, 2H), 7.45 (m, 3H), 6.15 (s, I H), 4.15 (m, I H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 1.33 (s, 3H), 1.28 (s, 3H).
EXAMPLE 2
Figure imgf000056_0001
3-|3-(4-Chloro-pheny])-5-methyI-isoxazol-4-yl]-pyrazole-l-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 3-(5-Methyl-3-phenyI-isoxazol-4-yl)- pyrazole-1-carboxylic acid isopropylamide (Example 1), where a-chIoro-4-chlorobenzoyl oxime was substituted for a-chlorobenzoyl oxime in step 1 of that sequence. 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.20 (s, I H), 7.50 (m, 2H), 7.38 (m, 2H), 6.76 (m, I H), 6.17 (s, I H), 4.12 (septet, I H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 1.28 (d, 6H).
EXAMPLE 3
Figure imgf000056_0002
3-|3-(4-ChloiO-phenyI)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl|-pyrazole-l-carboxylic acid methylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 3-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4- yl]-pyrazole-l-carboxylic acid isopropylamide (Example 1), where methyl isocyanate was substituted for isopropyl isocyanate in the final step of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.21 (s, 1 H), 7.47 (d, 2H), 7.37 (d, 2H), 6.97 (bs, 1 H), 6.13 (s, 1 H), 3.03 (d, 3H), 2.60 (s, 3H). EXAMPLE 4
Figure imgf000057_0001
3-|3-(4-Chloro-phenyI)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl]-pyrazole-l-cai boxylic acid sec-butylamide: A 25 mL round bottom flask was charged with 5-Methyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(l H-pyrazol-3- yl)-isoxazole (0.5g, 1.93 mmol, prepared analogously to 5-MethyI-3-phenyl-4-(l H-pyrazol-3-yl)- isoxazole, described in step 3 of Example 1), Et3N (0.3g, 2.97 mmol), and DCM (1 OmL). The resulting solution was treated with triphosgene in DCM (0.3g, 1.OmL), while at 0 0C, then stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. This solution was treated with isobutylamine in DCM (0.44g, 6 mmol in 6 mL) at 0 0C, then stirred for 2 h at room temperature. Work-up: the mixture washed with brine, dried with MgSCM, and concentrated. The crude material was purified by column chromatography (60% Ethyl Acetate/Petroleum ether) giving the product as a white solid (350mg, 51%). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.19 (d, 1 H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.38 (d, 2H), 6.75 (m, I H), 6.17 (d, I H), 3.91 (m, I H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 1.59 (m, 3H), 1.25 (d, 3H), 0.95 (t, 3H).
EXAMPLE 5
Figure imgf000057_0002
3-|3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methyI-isoxazol-4-yl|-pyrazole-l-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethyl)- amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 3-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4- yl]-pyrazole-l-carboxylic acid sec-butylamide (Example 4), where EtOH amine was substituted for sec- butylamine in the final step of that sequence. 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.21 (s, 1 H), 7.50 (d, 2H), 7.41 (d, 2H), 6.16 (s, I H), 3.86 (t, 2H)1 3.61 (m, 2H), 2.63 (s, 3H). EXAMPLE 6
Figure imgf000058_0001
3-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazoI-4-yI|-pyrazole-l-carboxyIic acid (2-hydroxy-l-methyI- ethyl)-amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 3-[3-(4-ChIoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4- yl]-pyrazole-l-carboxylic acid sec-butyl amide (Example 4), where 2-amino-propan-l -ol was substituted for sec-butylamine in the final step of that sequence. ' H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.19 (d, 1 H), 7.50 (d, 2H), 7.40 (d, 2H), 7.21 (m, I H), 6.18 (d, I H), 3.44 (m, 2H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 1.32 (d, 3H).
EXAMPLE 7
Figure imgf000058_0002
3-|3-(4-ChIoro-phenyI)-5-methyI-isoxazoI-4-yl]-pyrazoIe-l-carboxylic acid cyclopropylamide: The title compound was prepared analogously to 3-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyI)-5-methyl-isoxazoI-4- yl]-pyrazole-l -carboxylic acid sec-butylamide (Example 4), where cyclopropyl amine was substituted for sec-butylamine in the final step of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.21 (d, 1 H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.38 (d, 2H), 7.02 (m, I H), 6.15 (d, I H), 2.80 (m, I H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 0.90 (m, 2H), 0.68 (m, 2H).
EXAMPLE 8
Figure imgf000058_0003
3-|3-(4-ChloiO-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yI|-pyrazole-l-carboxylic acid cyclohexylamide: The title compound was prepared analogously to 3-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4- yl]-pyrazole-l-carboxylic acid sec-butylamide (Example 4), where cyclohexyl amine was substituted for sec-butylamine in the final step of that sequence. 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.20 (m, 1 H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.38 (d, 2H), 6.82 (m, 1 H), 6.18 (s, 1 H), 2.61 (s, 3H)1 1.99 (m, 2H), 1.74 (m, 2H), 1.62 (m, 2H), 1.43 (m, 2H), 1.26 (m, 2H).
EXAMPLE 9
Figure imgf000059_0001
3-|3-(4-ChIoro-phenyI)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl|-pyrazole-l-carboxyIic acid cyclopentylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 3-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4- yl]-pyrazole-l-carboxylic acid sec-butylamide (Example 4), where cyclopentyl amine was substituted for sec-butylamine in the final step of that sequence. ' H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.20 (d, 1 H), 7.47 (d, 2H), 7.38 (d, 2H), 6.83 (m, 1 H), 6.17 (s, 1 H), 4.24 (septet, 1 H), 2.59 (s, 3H), 2.06 (m, 2H), 1.69 (m, 5H), 1.54 (m, 2H).
EXAMPLE 10
Figure imgf000059_0002
S-IS-^-Chloro-phenyty-δ-methyl-isoxazoM-yll-pyrazole-i-carboxylic acid indan-2-yIamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 3-[3-(4-ChIoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazoI-4- yl]-pyrazole-l-carboxylic acid sec-butylamide (Example 4), where 2-indanamine was substituted for sec-butylamine in the final step of that sequence. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.24 (d, 1 H). 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.35 (d, 2H), 7.22-7.30 (m, 4H), 7.14 (m, 1 H), 6.20 (d, 1 H), 4.81 (m, I H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 2.96 (m, 2H), 2.58 (s, 3H). EXAMPLE Il
Figure imgf000060_0001
3-|3-(4-ChIoro-phenyI)-5-methyI-isoxazol-4-yl|-pyrazoIe-l-carboxyIic acid (furan-2-ylmethyl)- amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 3-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4- yl]-pyrazole-l -carboxylic acid sec-butylamide (Example 4), where C-Furan-2-yl-methylamine was substituted for sec-butylamine in the final step of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.23 (s, 1 H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.42 (s, 1 H)1 7.37 (d, 2H), 6.37 (d, 1 H), 6.32 (d, 1 H), 4.62 (d, 2H), 2.62 (s, 3H).
EXAMPLE 12
Figure imgf000060_0002
3-[3-(4-ChIoro-phenyl)-5-methyI-isoxazol-4-yl|-pyrazole-l-carboxylic acid (tetrahydiO-furan-2- ylmethyl)-amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 3-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4- yl]-pyrazole-l -carboxylic acid sec-butylamide (Example 4), where C-(Tetrahydro-furan-2-yI)- methylamine was substituted for sec-butylamine in the final step of that sequence. ' H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.19 (d, 1 H), 7.50 (d, 2H), 7.39 (d, 2H), 7.28 (m, 1 H), 6.15 (s, 1 H), 4.09 (m, 1 H), 3.87 (m, 1 H), 3.79 (m, 1 H), 3.64 (m, 1 H), 3.40 (m, 1 H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 2.04 (m, 1 H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 1.61 (m, 2H).
EXAMPLE 13
Figure imgf000060_0003
3-[3-(4-Chloro-pheπyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yI|-pyrazole-l-carboxyIic acid isopropyl-methyl- amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 3-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyI)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4- yl]-pyrazole-l-carboxylic acid sec-butylamide (Example 4), where isopropyl-methyl-amine was substituted for sec-butylamine in the Final step of that sequence. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.12 (s, 1 H), 7.47 (d, 2H), 7.38 (d, 2H), 6.12 (s, 1 H), 4.65 (septet, 1 H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 1.21 (d, 6H).
Figure imgf000061_0001
3-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methyI-isoxazol-4-yl|-pyrazole-l-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-l- hydroxymethyl-ethyl)-amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 3-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4- yl]-pyrazole-l -carboxylic acid sec-butylamide (Example 4), where 2-Amino-propane-l ,3-diol was substituted for sec-butylamine in the final step of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.19 (s, 1 H), 7.61 (d, I H), 7.50 (d, 2H), 7.39 (d, 2H), 6.16 (s, I H), 4.00 (m, 5H), 2.63 (s, 3H).
EXAMPLE 15
Figure imgf000061_0002
3-|3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl]-pyrazoIe-l-carboxylic acid isobutyl-amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 3-[3-(4-ChIoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4- yl]-pyrazole-l -carboxylic acid sec-butylamide (Example 4), where isobutylamine was substituted for sec-butylamine in the final step of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.21 (s, 1 H), 7.51 (d, 1 H), 7.38 (d, 2H), 7.03 (m, 1 H), 6.18 (s, 1 H). 3.26 (t, 2H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 1.90 (m, 1 H), 0.98 (d, 6H). SCHEME II
Figure imgf000062_0001
EXAMPLE 16
Figure imgf000062_0002
2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyI-isoxazoI-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide:
Step 1
Figure imgf000062_0003
l-|3-(4-Chloro-phenyI)-isoxazoI-4-yI|-ethanone: The title compound was prepared analogously to l-(5-Methyl-3-phenyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-ethanone
(described in step 1 of Example 1), where a-chloro-4-chlorobenzoyl oxime was substituted for a- chlorobenzoyl oxime in step 1 of that sequence. Step 2
Figure imgf000063_0001
1 -|3-(4-ChloiO-phenyl)-isoxazol-4-yI J-butane-l ,3-dione:
A 100 mL round bottom flask was charged with l -[3-(4-ChIoro-phenyl)-isoxazol-4-yl]- ethanone (2.2I g, 10 mmol), NaH (253 mg, 1 1 mmol) and THF. The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature, under nitrogen. This mixture was treated with EtOAc (1.95 mL, 20 mmol), and stirred for 3hr at room temperature. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (10% EtO Ac/Petroleum ether). Work-up: the mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with IN HCL, NaHCθ3 (aq), brine, dried with MgSO4, concentrated and chromatographed (10% EtO Ac/Petroleum ether) to give yellow solid (2.28g, 87 %).
Step 3
Figure imgf000063_0002
3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-4-(5-methyl-l H-pyrazol-3-yI)-isoxazoIe: A round bottom flask was charged with l-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-isoxazol-4-yl]-butane-l,3-dione (0.8g, 2.88mmol) and EtOH (I O mL). To this solution was added a solution of hydrazine hydrate and EtOH (5mL). The resulting solution stirred for 4 hours at room temperature. Work-up: the reaction was concentrated, dissolved in chloroform, washed with IN HCl, NaHCO3 (aq), brine, dried with MgSO4, concentrated, chromatographed (25% AcOEt/Petroleum ether) to give the product (0.7g, 2.56mmol, 88% yield).
Step 4
Figure imgf000063_0003
S-IS-^-Chloro-phenylJ-S-methyl-isoxazoM-yll-S-methyl-pyrazole-l-carboxylic acid isopropylamide: The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 1 where 3-(4-Chloro- phenyI)-5-methyl-4-(5-methyl-l H-pyrazol-3-yl)-isoxazole was substituted for 5-Methyl-3-phenyl-4-(l H- pyrazol-3-yl)-isoxazole in step 4 of that sequence. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.50 (s, 1 H), 7.38 (d, 2H), 7.28 (d, 2H), 6.82 (m, I H), 3.77 (m, I H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 1.25 (d, 6H), 1.15 (s, 3H).
EXAMPLE 17
Figure imgf000064_0001
3-[3-(2,4-Difluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl]-pyrazoIe-l-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 1 , where 2,4-difiuoro-benzaldehyde was substituted for benzaldehyde in step 1 of that sequence. 2,4-difluoro-benzaldehyde was prepared as shown below. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.15 (s, 1 H), 7.50 (m, 1 H), 7.00 (m, 1 H), 6.89 (m, 1 H), 6.62 (m, 1 H), 6.14 (s, 1 H), 4.07 (septet, 1 H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 1.25 (d. 6H).
Figure imgf000064_0002
2,4-difluoro-benzaldehyde: A l L round bottom flask was charged with bromo-2,4-difluorobenzene (60.8g, 0.315 mol), and anhydrous ethyl ether (40OmL), under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was cooled to —78 0C, where BuLi (2.87M, 0.315mol) in hexane (1 1 OmL) was added drop wise, maintain the internal temperature below -65 0C. After addition of BuLi DMF (145g, 1.987mol) was added drop wise, followed by stirring for 30 min at this temperature. The temperature was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. Work-up: the reaction was adjusted to pH = 7 with 5% HCl, separated, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated, and distilled under reduced pressure (2 mm Hg). The fraction boiling between 82-88 0C was collected, giving the product as an oil (30.7g, 68.7%). EXAMPLE 18
Figure imgf000065_0001
3-|3-(4-FluoiO-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yI)-pyrazole-l-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 1 , where 4-fluoro-benzaldehyde was substituted for benzaldehyde in step 1 of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.22 (s, 1 H), 7.56 (m, 2H), 7.13 (t, 2H), 6.81 (m, I H), 4.16 (septet, I H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 1.32 (d, 6H).
EXAMPLE 19
Figure imgf000065_0002
S-IS-Methyl-S-CS-trifluoromethyl-phenylJ-isoxazol^-yll-pyrazole-l-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 1 , where 3-trifluormethyl- benzaldehyde was substituted for benzaldehyde in step 1 of that sequence. ' H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.23 (s, 1 H), 7.96 (s, 1 H), 7.76 (m, 1 H), 7.71 (m, 1 H), 7.54 (m, 1 H), 6.72 (m, 1 H), 6.20 (s, 1 H), 4.13 (septet, 1 H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 1.27 (d, 6H).
EXAMPLE 20
Figure imgf000065_0003
l-{3-|3-(4-ChloiO-phenyI)-5-niethyl-isoxazoI-4-yll-pyrazol-l-yl}-3-methyl-butan-l-one: The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 2, where 3-methyl-butyryl chloride was substituted for isopropyl isocyanate in final step of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.24 (s, 1 H), 7.53 (d, 2H), 7.41 (d, 2H), 6.19 (s, 1 H), 2.98 (d, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.26 (d, 1 H), 1.20 (m, I H), 1.05 (d, 6H).
EXAMPLE 21
Figure imgf000066_0001
S-p-^-Chloro^-fluoro-phenylJ-S-methyl-isoxazoM-yll-pyrazoIe-l-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 1 , where 2-chloro-4-fluoro- benzaldehyde was substituted for benzaldehyde in first step of that sequence. ' H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.13 (s, 1 H), 7.46 (m, 1 H), 7.24 (m, 1 H), 7.13 (m, 1 H), 6.59 (m, 1 H), 6.06 (s, 1 H), 4.08 (septet, 1 H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 1.26 (d, 6H).
EXAMPLE 22
Figure imgf000066_0002
3-|3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methoxymethyl-isoxazoI-4-yl|-pyrazole-l-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 1 , where l -[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5- methoxymethyl-isoxazol-4-yl]-ethanone was substituted for 2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazoI- 4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide in step 1 of that sequence. l-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5- methoxymethyl-isoxazol-4-yl]-ethanone was prepared as described below. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 5 8.17 (s, 1 H), 7.47 (d, 2H), 7.36 (d, 2H), 6.69 (d, 1 H), 6.25 (d, 1 H), 4.67 (s, 2H), 4.07 (septet, 1 H), 3.45 (s. 3H), 1.24 (d, 6H). Step 1
Figure imgf000067_0001
3-(4-ChIoro-phenyl)-5-methoxymethyl-isoxazole-4-carboxyIic acid methyl ester: A round bottom flask was charged with 4-methoxy-3-oxo-butyric acid methyl ester (0.4g, 2.74 mmol, prepared as described in Tetrahedron (1986), 42(14), 3161-1 A), triethylamine (0.60 mL), and EtOH (20 mL). The mixture was cooled to 00C, and treated with a-chloro-4-chIorobenzoyl oxime (0.5 Ig, 2.74 mmol) as a solution in EtOH (5 mL). The resulting solution was warmed to the room temperature and stirred overnight. Work-up: the solution was concentrated, dissolved in DCM washed with water, brine, dried Na2SO4, and concentrated. The crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (EA: Petroleum ether=l :10) giving the product as a light yellow oil (0.2g, 26%).
Figure imgf000067_0002
[3-(4-ChIoro-phenyl)-5-methoxymethyl-isoxazol-4-yI]-mEtOH:
A 250 mL round bottom flask was charged with 3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methoxymethyl- isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (2.2g, 7.20 mmol), and anhydrous ethyl ether (3OmL). The solution was cooled to 0 0C, where LiAlH4 (0.56g, 1.44 mmol) was added carefully. The reaction was stirred at this temperature for two hours. Work-up: the reaction was quenched with water (2mL), diluted with EtOAc, washed with IN HCl, NaHCO3 (aq.), brine, dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to give the product as a yellow oil (1.2g, 61 %).
Step 3
Figure imgf000067_0003
3-(4-ChIoro-phenyl)-5-metlioxymethyl-isoxazole-4-carbaldehyde: A 100 mL round bottom flask was charged with [3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methoxymethyl-isoxazol-4-yl]-mEtOH (0.16g, 0.64 mmol), DCM (5OmL), and PCC (0.14g, 9.69 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 3 hours at the room temperature. Work-up: the mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography, eluting with DCM, to give the product as a white solid (0.12g, 80%).
Step 4
Figure imgf000068_0001
l-[3-(4-ChIoro-phenyI)-5-methoxymethyl-isoxazol-4-yl|-EtOH: A round bottom flask was charged with Mg powder (0.15g, 6.02 mmol), and anhydrous ethyl ether (3mL). To this solution was added a solution CH3I (1.3g) and anhydrous ethyl ether (3mL). After stirring until most Mg had dissolved, the resulting solution was added dropwise to a 10OmL three-necked round bottom flask containing 3-(4- Chloro-phenyl)-5-methoxymethyl-isoxazole-4-carbaldehyde (0.7g, 3.01 mmol) and ethyl ether (6mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Work-up: the reaction was diluted ether, washed with 5% HCl (aq.), saturated brine, dried over Na2SC^, filtered, and concentrated to give yellow oil (0.7g, 94.6%).
Step 5
Figure imgf000068_0002
l-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methoxymethyl-isoxazol-4-yl|-ethanone: A round bottom flask was charged with l-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methoxymethyl-isoxazol-4-yl]-EtOH (0.7g), DCM (8mL), and PCC (0.18g, 5.38 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 3 hours at the room temperature. The reaction was concentrated, and purified by column chromatography on silica gel (DCM eluent) giving the product as a yellow oil (0.44g, 63.8%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.52 (d, 2H), 7.37 (d, 2H), 6.79 (m, 1 H), 6.25 (s, 1 H), 4.85 (s, 1 H), 4.04 (m, 1 H), 3.47 (s, 3H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 1.24 (d, 6H).
EXAMPLE 23
Figure imgf000068_0003
3-|3-(3-ChloiO-4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-niethyl-isoxazoI-4-yI|-pyrazole-l-cai boxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 1 , where 4-fluoro-3-chIoro- benzaldehyde was substituted for benzaldehyde in step 1 of that sequence. ' H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.23 (s, 1 H), 7.73 (m, 1 H), 7.45 (m, 1 H), 7.17 (t, 1 H), 6.76 (m, 1 H), 6.21 (s, 1 H), 4.13 (septet, 1 H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 1.28 (d, 6H).
EXAMPLE 24
Figure imgf000069_0001
3-[3-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl|-pyrazole-l-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 1 , where 4-chloro-2-methyl- benzaldehyde was substituted for benzaldehyde in step 1 of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.09 (d, 1 H), 7.25 (m, 3H), 6.56 (m, 1 H), 5.96 (d, 1 H), 4.05 (m, 1 H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 1.25 (d, 6H).
EXAMPLE 25
Figure imgf000069_0002
3-|5-DimethyIaminomethyI-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-isoxazol-4-yl|-pyrazole-l-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 1 , where l-[5-
Dimethylaminomethyl-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-isoxazol-4-yl]-ethanone was substituted for l-(5-Methyl-3- phenyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-ethanone in step 1 of that sequence. l -[5-Dimethylaminomethyl-3-(4-fluoro- phenyl)-isoxazol-4-yl]-ethanone was prepared as described below. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.23 (s, I H), 7.57 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 2H), 6.95 (bs, I H), 6.27 (s, I H), 4.25 (m, I H), 3.83 (bs, 2H), 2.47 (bs, 6H), 1.32 (d, 3H). Step 1
Figure imgf000070_0001
3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methoxymethyI-isoxazole-4-carboxyIic acid methyl ester:
A 1000 mL round bottom flask was charged with l -[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazoI-4- yl]-ethanone (13.0g, 0.060 mol), carbon tetrachloride (40OmL), AIBN (1.2g, 7.3mmol), and NBS (1 1.Og, 0.062 mol). The resulting solution stirred overnight at 45 0C with illumination from a mercury vapor lamp. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc: petroleum ether=l :2). Work-up: the mixture was filtered, concentrated to give light red oil (15.Og, 85.3%), that was used without further purification.
Step 2
Figure imgf000070_0002
|3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methoxymethyI-isoxazol-4-yl|-mEtOH:
A 250 mL round bottom flask was charged with 3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-5-methoxymethyl- isoxazole-4-carboxyIic acid methyl ester (10.0g, 0.033 mmol), EtOH (5OmL) and dimethylamine. The resulting solution was stirred for 30 minutes at the room temperature. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (DCM: m EtOH=I 0:1). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography (DCM:mEtOH=200:l), giving the product as a light brown oil (5.Og, 56.8%).
EXAMPLE 26
Figure imgf000070_0003
3-[3-(4-FluoiO-phenyl)-5-morphoIin-4-yImethyl-isoxazol-4-yl|-pyrazole-l-carboxylic acid isopropylamide: The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 25, where morpholine was substituted for dimethylamine in step 2 of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.22 (s, 1 H), 7.55 (m, 2H), 7.1 1 (m, 2H), 6.75 (bs, I H), 6.27 (s, I H), 4.13 (m, I H), 3.88 (bs, 2H), 3.74 (bs, 4H), 2.59 (bs, 4H), 1.43 (d, 6H).
Synthesis of Isoxazole-thiazole Terphenyls SCHEME III
Figure imgf000071_0001
2-|3-(4-FIuoiO-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazoI-4-yll-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
Step
Figure imgf000071_0002
4-Fluoro-benzaldehyde oxime: A 500 mL 3-necked round bottom flask was charged with NH2OH-HCl (22.41 g, 322.49 mmol), H2O (50 mL), NaOH (12.9 g, 322.50 mmol) in H2O (50 mL), and 4-fluorobenzaldehyde (20 g, 161.15 mmol), which was added drop-wise as a solution in EtOH (150 mL). The resulting solution stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature. The mixture was concentrated and dissolved in 30 mL of H2O, which precipitates a white solid. The product was isolated by filtration, giving 21.5 g (96%) of 4- fluorobenzaldehyde oxime as a white solid.
Step 2
Figure imgf000072_0001
4-FIuoro-benzaIdehyde chloro-oxime:
A 1000 mL 3-necked round bottom flask was charged with 4-fluorobenzaldehyde oxime (134 g, 963.13 mmol), pyridine (9.6 g, 121.52 mmol), and CHCl3 (500 mL). To the resulting solution was added NCS (141 g, 1.06 mol) in several batches. The solution was stirred for 8 hours at room temperature. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 1 :4). Work-up: the resulting mixture was washed 3 times with 120 mL of brine, dried over Na2Sθ4, and concentrated, giving 160 g (96%) of 4-fluorobenzoyl chloride oxime as a white solid.
Step 3
Figure imgf000072_0002
3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazoIe-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester:
A 1000 mL round bottom flask was charged with methyl 3-oxobutanoate (93.7 g, 799.68 mmol), triethylamine (81.8 g, 801.80 mmol), and EtOH (500 mL). To the above was added 4- fluorobenzoyl chloride oxime (100 g, 518.73 mmol) in several batches, while maintaining a temperature of 5-10 0C. The resulting solution was stirred for 3 hours at 50 0C. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 1 :4). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, dissolved in 500 mL of EtOAc, washed 3 times with 500 mL of saturated NaCl, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated. The crude material was further purified by column chromatography with a 1 :50 EtOAc/hexane, giving 25 g (19.5%) of product as white crystals. Step 4
Figure imgf000073_0001
3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid: A 250 mL round bottom flask was charged with methyl 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-
4-carboxylate (1 O g, 41.70 mmol), potassium hydroxide (7.1 g, 126.79 mmol), H2O (50 mL), and EtOH (120 mL). The resulting solution was stirred overnight at reflux. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtO Ac/Petroleum ether = 1 :1 , Rf= 0.2). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, dissolved in 30 mL of water, adjusted pH to 2 with HCl (10 %). The resulting white solid was isolated by filtration, and dried in an oven under reduced pressure, resulting in 8.2 g (87%) of product as a white solid.
Step 5
Figure imgf000073_0002
3-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazoIe-4-carboxylic acid amide:
A 250 mL round bottom flask was charged with 3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazole-4- carboxylic acid (5 g, 22.60 mmol) and CHCl3 (100 mL). To this solution was added oxalyl chloride (8.61 g, 67.85 mmol), and DMF (3 drops). The resulting solution was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature and concentrated to an oil. The oil was dissolved in 100 mL of DCM, and treated with NH3 (gas) for 2 hours at room temperature. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtO Ac/Petroleum ether = 1 : 1). Work-up: product was isolated by filtration. The filter cake was washed 3 times with 20 mL Of H2O, and air dried, giving 4.54 g (90.8%) of product as a white solid.
Step 7
Figure imgf000073_0003
3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carbothioic acid amide:
A 250 mL 3-necked round bottom flask was charged with 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5- methylisoxazole- 4-carboxamide (4.5 g, 20.44 mmol), Lawesson's reagent (8.27 g, 20.45 mmol), and DME ( 100 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 3 hours at 60 0C. Work-up: the mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography with a 1 :20 EtOAc/Petroleum ether, giving 5 g (97%) of product as a yellow solid.
Step 8
Figure imgf000074_0001
2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yI|-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: A 250 niL round bottom flask was charged with 3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carbothioic acid amide (5 g, 21.16 mmol) in EtOH (150 mL). To this was added ethyl 3-bromo-2- oxopropanoate (12.40 g, 63.59 mmol), and triethylamine (2.14 g, 21.19 mmol). The resulting solution stirred for 3 hours at 50 0C. Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, dissolved in DCM (5OmL), washed 3 times with 30 mL of H2O, dried over Na2SO1), concentrated, and purified by column chromatography with a 1 :20 EtO Ac/Petroleum ether. This resulted in 5.5 g (78.6%) of product as an orange solid.
Step 9
Figure imgf000074_0002
2-|3-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide:
A 200 mL sealed tube was charged with ethyl 2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl]- thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (4.5 g, 13.54 mmol), and propan-2-amine (40 mL). The resulting solution was stirred overnight at 50 0C. Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, purified by column chromatography with a 1 :2 EtOAc/Petroleum ether. This gave 4.Og (85.5%) of product as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.61 (t, 2H), 7.14 (t, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.75 (s, 3H). Synthesis of S-substitoted Isoxazole-thiazole Terphenyls SCHEME IV
NBS MeAICI(NH-ispropyl)
AIBN /CCI4 Toluene
Figure imgf000075_0002
Figure imgf000075_0001
Figure imgf000075_0003
EXAMPLE 28
Figure imgf000075_0004
2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-piperazin-l-iylmethyl-isoxazo]-4~yl|-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
Step 1
Figure imgf000075_0005
2-|S-Bromometliyl-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-isoxazoJ-4-yl|-tliiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester:
A 100 iπL round bottom flask was charged with ethyl 2-[3-(4-FluoiO-phenyl)-5-methyl- isoxazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1.27 g, 3.82 mmol, prepared as described in Step 9, of Example 27, NBS (950 mg, 5.34 mmol), AIBN (100 mg, 0.61 mmol), in CCl4 (50 rnL). The resulting solution was stirred overnight at reflux. Reaction progress was monitored by reverse phase HPLC. Work-up: the resulting mixture was diluted with EtOAc (3OmL), washed 2 times with 30 mL Of H2O, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. This resulted in 1.67 g of crude product as a red-black solid, which was used in the next step without further purification.
Step 2
Figure imgf000076_0001
2-[5-Bromomethyl-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-isoxazol-4-yll-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
A 50 mL round bottom flask was charged with 2-[5-Bromomethyl-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)- isoxazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (822 mg, 2.0 mmol), MeAlCl(NH-ispropyl) (6.0 mL of 0.67 M solution, 4.0 mmol, prepared as described in Synthetic Communications, 12 (13), 989-993 (1982)), and toluene (6.0 mL). The resulting solution stirred for 1.5 hours at 80 0C. Reaction progress was monitored by HPLC. Work-up: the reaction was diluted with DCM (20 mL), and stirred with
Na2SO4-I OH2O (1Og) for I hr, then filtered, and concentrated to a yellow oil (815 mg, 96%), which was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS (M+ 1+' M+2+): 425.74, 427.26
Step 3
Figure imgf000076_0002
2-|3-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-5-piperazin-l-ylmethyl-isoxazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
A 50 mL round bottom flask was charged with 2-[5-Bromomethyl-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)- isoxazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide (170 mg, 0.4 mmol), N-Boc-piperizine (90mg, 0.48 mmol), Et3N (278 μL, 0.8 mmol) and DMF (1.6 mL). The resulting solution stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (1 : 1 EtOAc/Hex, Rf= 0.4). The resulting solution was stripped of DMF under high vacuum, dissolved 1 :1 TFA/DCM (5 mL), and stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature. Work-up: the reaction was diluted with toluene (5 mL), concentrated to an oil, and purified by Cl 8 reverse phase HPLC, giving the product as a colorless foam (21 1 mg, 80%). ' H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.26 (m, 2H), 8.20 (s, I H), 7.21 (t, 2H), 4.29 (septet, 1 H), 3.83 (bs, 4H), 2.78 (bs, I H), 3.03 (bs, 2H), 1.59 (s, 4H), 1.31 (d, 6H).
EXAMPLE 29
Figure imgf000077_0001
2-|5-Dimethylaminomethyl-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-isoxazoI-4-yI|-thiazoIe-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 28, where dimethylamine was substituted for N-Boc-piperizine in step 3 of that sequence. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.00 (s, 1 H), 7.04-7.49 (m, 4H), 6.94 (d, 1 H), 4.10-4.17 (m, 1 H), 3.85 (m, 2H), 2.36 (s, 6H), 1.13 (bs, 6H).
EXAMPLE 30
Figure imgf000077_0002
2-[3-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-5-piperidin-l-yImethyI-isoxazol-4-yl]-thiazoIe-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide:
A 50 mL round bottom flask was charged with 2-[5-Bromomethyl-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)- isoxazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide (150 mg, 0.354 mmol), (preparation described in step 2 of Example 28), piperidine (42 μL, 0.424 mmol), Et3N (100 μL, 0.71 mmol), and DMF (1.44 mL). The reaction stirred for 1 hour at room temperature, and progress was monitored by TLC (1 : 1 EtOAc/Hex). Workup: The reaction was neutralized with 1 M HCl (aq); diluted with toluene; concentrated to an oil; and purified via reverse phase HPLC, giving a colorless foam (78 mg, 52%). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.06 (s, I H), 8.01 (s, l H), 7.82 (d, I H)), 7.45 (in, 2H), 7.15 (m, 3H), 5.39 (s, 1 H), 4.89 (s, 1 H), 4.25 (m, 1 H), 3.77 (bs, 1 H), 3.38 (m,2H), 2.81 (bs, 1 H), 2.23(bs, 1 H)), 1.9 (bs, 1 H), 1.59 (s, 3H), 1.21 (d, 6H). LCMS: 429.46 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 31
Figure imgf000078_0001
4-{[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-(4-isopropylcarbanioyl-thiazoI-2-yl)-isoxazol-5-ylmethyl|-amino}- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 30, (2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5- piperidin-l-ylmethyl-isoxazoI-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide)). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.07 (s, 2H), 7.97 (s, IH), 7.80 (d, IH)), 7.41 (m, 3H), 7.15 (m, 3H), 5.37 (s, I H), 4.89 (s, 1 H), 4.61 (s, 2H), 4.23 (m, 3H), 4.09 (m, 2H), 3.42 (s, 1 H), 3.38 (m,2H), 3.15 (m, 1 H), 2.71 (bs, 1 H), 2.01 (d, 2H), 1.70 (m, 2H), 1.38 (s, 3H), 1.19 (d, 6H). LCMS: 515.74 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 32
Figure imgf000078_0002
2-{3-(4-FIuoiO-phenyl)-5-[(2-hydroxy-ethyIamino)-methyl|-isoxazoI-4-yI}-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 30, (2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5- piperidin-l -ylmethyl-isoxazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.00 (s, I H), 7.52 (d, I H), 7.43 (d, 2H), 7.12 (triplet, 2H), 4.64 (s, 2H), 4.23 (m, I H), 3.92 (triplet, 2H), 3.27 (triplet, 2H), 1.18 (d, 6H). LCMS: 405.53 (M+ 1)". EXAMPLE 33
Figure imgf000079_0001
2-{3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-|(2-methoxy-ethylamino)-methyl|-isoxazol-4-yI} -thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 30, ( 2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5- piperidin-l-ylmethyl-isoxazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.09 (s, I H), 7.54 (m, I H), 7.24 (m, 2H), 4.75 (s, 2H), 4.35 (m, I H), 3.73 (triplet, 2H), 3.31 (s, 4H), 3.25 (triplet, 3H), 1.27 (d, 6H). LCMS: 420.54 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 34
Figure imgf000079_0002
2-|3-(4-FIuoro-phenyI)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yI|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
Step 1
Figure imgf000079_0003
2-BiOmo-l-|3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yI]-ethanone: A 50 mL round bottom flask was charged with l-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yI]- ethanone (1.5g, 5.02mmol, prepared as described in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (1991 ), 34(2), 600- 5), and EtOH (15 mL). The mixture was heated to reflux, where ethyl-2-amino-2-thioxoacetate (2.00g,15.0 mmol) was added. The resulting solution was stirred for 3h at reflux. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 1 :4). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated to give 2.Og yellow solid, that was purified by column chromatography (1 :30 EtOAc/Petroleum ether), giving the product (1.38 g, 82.7%) as a white solid.
Step 2
Figure imgf000080_0001
4-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yI|-thiazole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester:
A sealed tube was charged with 2-Bromo-l -[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl]- ethanone (0.4g, 1.2mmol), and isopropylamine (4 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 3 hours at 40 0C. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 1 :4). Work-up: the resulting solution was concentrated, and purified by column chromatography (1 : 10 EtOAc/Petroleum ether), giving the product (0.27g, 65.8%) as a yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.63 (t, 2H), 7.13 (m, 2H), 4.24 (septet, 1 H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 1.27 (d, 6H).
Synthesis of Piperidine-substituted isoxazole-thiazole Terphenyls
SCHEME V
Figure imgf000081_0001
EXAMPLE 35
Figure imgf000081_0002
-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-piperidin-4-yl-isoxazoI-4-yl|-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
Figure imgf000082_0001
4-|3-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-3-oxo-prop-l-ynyl]-piperidine-l-carboxyIic acid tert-butyl ester: A 100 mL round bottom flask was charged with ethyl 4-ethynyl-piperidine- 1 -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (3.3 g, 15.8 mmol, prepared as described in J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47, 31 11-3130 B. C. Raimundo et. al.), TEA (32 mL), PdCl2(PPh3);, (0.22 g, 0.32 mmol), and CuI (0.150 g, 0.79 mmol). This mixture was degassed and purged with "N2, then 4-Fluoro-benzoyl chloride (3.21 g, 20.5 mmol) was added dropwise at room temperature and allowed to stir at this temperature for 16 h. Conversion was monitored by TLC. The reaction was quenched with water, extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50 mL), washed with water (1 x 50 mL), brine (1 x 50 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated to give the product (5.2 g, 100%) as brown oil that was taken to next step without further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.20-8.13 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.14 (m, 2H), 3.82-3.76 (m, 2H), 3.27-3.15 (m, 2H), 2.92-2.86 (m, 1 H), 1.79-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.47 (s, 9H).
Step 2
Figure imgf000082_0002
4-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-3-methoxyimino-prop-l-ynyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester: A 100 mL round bottom flask was charged with ethyl 4-[3-(4-fluoiO-phenyl)-3-oxo-proρ-l - ynyl]-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (5.2 g, 15.8 mmol), MeOH (31 mL), methoxyamine hydrochloride (1.8 g, 21.55 mmol), Na2Sθ4 (4.4 g, 31.6 mmol) and pyridine (3 mL), then stirred at room temperature for 7 h. Conversion was monitored by TLC. The reaction was quenched with water, extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL), washed with water (I x 50 mL), brine (1 x 50 mL), dried over Na2SO4> filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by silica gel (~200g ) column chromatography with 0-20 % EtOAc/Hexanes to afford the product (3.9 g, 69 %). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.24-8.10 (m, 2H), 7.16-7.12 (m, 2H), 4.06 (s, 3H), 3.78-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.31 -3.26 (m, 2H), 2.96-2.91 (m, I H), 1.77-1.69 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.47 (s, 9H); LCMS (M+1 ) +: 261.46 Step 3
Figure imgf000083_0001
4-|3-(4-FIuoro-phenyI)-4-iodo-isoxazol-5-yl|-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester:
A 100 mL round bottom flask was charged with 4-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methoxyimino-prop- l -ynyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (I g, 2.77 mmol), and DCM (28 mL). To this solution was added dropwise iodine monochloride (0.54 mmol, 3.33 mL of 1 M solution in DCM). The resulting mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 3.5 h. Conversion was monitored by TLC. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous solution OfNa2S2O3, extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). washed with water (1x 50 mL), brine (1 x 50 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting crude material was purified by silica gel (~200g) column chromatography with 0-20 % EtOAc/Hexanes, giving the product as an off-white solid (0.8 g, 82 %). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.78-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.16 (m, 2H), 4.30-4.18 (m, 2H), 3.13-3.07 (m, I H), 2.93-2.80 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.86 (m, 4H), 1.49 (s, 9H); LCMS (M+l -tBu)+: 417.23
Step 4
Figure imgf000083_0002
4-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-4-tributylstannanyl-isoxazol-5-yl]-piperidine-l-carboxyIic acid tert-butyl ester:
A 50 mL round bottom flask was charged with 4-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-4-iodo-isoxazol-5-yl]- piperidine-1 -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1.8 g, 3.8 mmol), and 19 mL anhydrous THF, then cooled to -78 0C, where n-BuLi (5.7 mmol, 3.5 mL of 1.6 M solution in hexanes) was added dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 min, then (Bu)3SnCl (1.8 g, 5.7 mmol) was added dropwise via a syringe, and stirred for an 1 h at this temperature. Conversion was monitored by TLC. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous Na2S2O3, extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL), washed with water (Ix 50 mL), brine (1 x 50 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The crude material was purified by silica gel (~50g) column chromatography with 0-10 % EtOAc/Hexanes, giving the product as an off-white solid (0.95 g, 38 %). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.45-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.15-7.10 (m, 2H), 4.30-4.18 (m, 2H), 2.87-2.78 (m, 3H), 2.00-1.89(m, 2H), 1.80- 1.77 (m, 2H), 1.49 (s, 9H), 1.40-1.18 (m, 12H), 0.94-0.82 (m, 15H). Step 5
Figure imgf000084_0001
4-|4-(4-EthoxycarbonyI-thiazol-2-yl)-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl|-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester:
An 8 mL vial was charged with 2-bromothiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (0.036 g, 0.15 mmol), 4-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-4-tributyl-stannanyl-isoxazoI-5-yl]-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.1 g, 0.15 mmol), PdCl2(PPh3)2 ( 0.01 1 g, 0.015 mmol), and anhydrous dioxane. The resulting mixture was heated to 1 10 0C and allowed to stir overnight. Conversion was monitored by TLC. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and purified by silica gel (~50g) column chromatography with 0-50 % EtOAc/Hexanes, giving the product as off-white solid (0.070 g, 91 %). ' H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.52-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.15-7.1 1 , 4.42 (q, 2H), 4.28-4.18 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.53 (m, 1 H), 2.90- 2.80 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.84 (m, 4H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.41 (t, 3H); LCMS (M+l)+: 502.46.
Step 6
Figure imgf000084_0002
4-|3-(4-FluoiO-phenyl)-4-(4-isopropylcarbamoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-isoxazoI-5-yI|-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester:
An 8 mL vial was charged with 4-[4-(4-ethoxycarbonyl-thiazol-2-yI)-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)- isoxazol-5-yl]-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.07 g, 0.14 mmol), 0.5 mL anhydrous toluene, and MeAlCl(-NHiPr) (0.28 mmol, 0.42 mL of 0.67 M solution, prepared as described in Synthetic Communications, 1982, 12 (13), 989-993). The resulting solution was stirred for 1.5 hours at 80 0C. The conversion was monitored by TLC. Work-up: the reaction was cooled, diluted with DCM (10 mL), and stirred with Na2SO4-I OH2O (1 g) for l hr, filtered, and concentrated to a yellow oil (0.06 g, 96%), which was used in the next step without further purification. Step 7
Figure imgf000085_0001
2-[3-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-5-piperidin-4-yl-isoxazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
A 20 mL vial was charged with 4-[3-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-4-(4-isopropylcarbamoyl-thiazol-2-yl)- isoxazoI-5-yl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.06 g, 0.12 mmol), and dissolved in DCM (10 mL). To this solution was added I mL 1 : 1 mixture of TFA/DCM at room temperature. The resulting solution was stirred for 2h at this temperature. Conversion was monitored by TLC. Work-up: the reaction concentrated and purified by Cl 8 reverse phase column chromatography (10-60% MeCN/water with 0.1 % TFA) to afford the product as white solid (32 mg, 67%). LCMS (M+l ) +: 415.57
EXAMPLE 36
Figure imgf000085_0002
2-{3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-|l-(2-hydiOxy-acetyl)-piperidin-4-yl|-isoxazol-4-yl}-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
A 20 mL vial was charged with 2-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-piperidin-4-yl-isoxazol-4-yl]-thiazole- 4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide (50 mg, 0.095 mmol), DCM (1.9 mL), TEA (96 mg, 0.95 mmol), and acetoxyacetylchloride (20 mg, 0.14 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for I h. Conversion was monitored by TLC and LCMS. The reaction concentrated, dissolved in 1 :1 THF/MeOH (1.8 mL), and stirred for 5 h at room temperature. Conversion was monitored by LCMS. Work-up: the reaction was quenched by Dowex acidic resin, stirred for 10 min and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and purified by Cl 8 reverse phase column chromatography (20-60% MeCN/water with 0.1 % TFA), giving the product as white solid (20 mg, 45%). ' H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 8.21 (s, 1 H), 7.56-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.20, 4.61 (d, 1 H), 4.34-4.14 (in, 3H), 3.90 (d, 1 H), 3.76-3.68 (m, 1 H), 3.20 (t, I H), 2.88 (t, I H), 2.10 (d, 2H), 1.99- 1.83 (m, 2H), 1.25 (d, 6H); LCMS (M+1 )+: 473.31. Synthesis of Oxazole-isoxazole Terphenyl SCHEME VI
Figure imgf000086_0001
EXAMPLE 37
Figure imgf000086_0002
2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-5-piperidin-4-yl-isoxazol-4-yl|-oxazole-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide: Step !
Figure imgf000087_0001
4-(4-EthoxycarbonyI-oxazol-2-ylethynyI)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester: A 50 mL round bottom flask was charged with 2-Chloro-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1.75 g, 10.0 mmol, prepared as described in Organic Letters (2002), 4(17), 2905-2907), 4-Ethynyl-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (2.07 g, 10.0 mmol, prepared as described in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2004), 14(4), 947-952.), Pd(PPH3)2Cl2 (350 mg, 0.50 mmol), CuI (190 mg, 1.00 mmol), Et3N (5.OmL), and DMF (15 mL). The resulting solution was vacuum-flushed with N2, and then stirred for 2.0 hours at 1 10 0C. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (40% EtOAc/Hexane, Rf= 0.4). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, purified by column chromatography with 40% EtOAc/Hexane, resulting in 2.09 g (60%) of product as a brown oil.
Step 2
Figure imgf000087_0002
4-|4-(4-Ethoxycarbonyl-oxazoI-2-yl)-3-(4-fluoro-phenyI)-isoxazoI-5-yl|-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester:
A 25 mL round bottom flask charged with methyl 4-(4-Ethoxycarbonyl-oxazoI-2-ylethynyl)- piperidine-1 -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (174.0 mg, 1.0 mmol), 4-Fluoro-benzaldehyde chloro-oxime (347.4 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 25% Et3NM2O (5 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at 50 0C for 2 days. Reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, purified by Cl 8 reverse phase HPLC, giving 29 mg (6%) of product as a white solid. LCMS (M+14): 486.49 Step 3
Figure imgf000088_0001
4-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-(4-isopropylcarbamoyl-oxazol-2-yl)-isoxazol-5-yIl-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester:
A round bottom flask was charged with 4-[4-(4-Ethoxycarbonyl-oxazol-2-yl)-3-(4-fluoro- phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (70 mg, 0.144 mmol), MeAICl(NH- ispropyl) (430 μl of 0.67 M solution, 0.288 mmol, prepared as described in Synthetic Communications, 12 (13), 989-993 (1982)), and toluene (430 μl). The resulting solution stirred for 2.5 hours at 75 0C. Reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. Work-up: the reaction was diluted with DCM (10 mL), and stirred with Na2SO4-IOH2O (1Og) for lhr, then filtered, and concentrated to a light yellow solid, which was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS (M+l+): 499.53
Step 4
Figure imgf000088_0002
2-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-piperidin-4-yl-isoxazol-4-yl|-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
A round bottom flask was charged with 4-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-(4-isopropylcarbamoyl- oxazol-2-yl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.144 mmol crude from previous step) in 30% TFA/DCM (3 mL). The resulting solution stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. Reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, purified by Cl 8 reverse phase HPLC, giving 38 mg (52% for two steps, based on mass with 1 equivalent of TFA) of product as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.27 (s, 1 H), 7.58 (dd, 2H), 7.18 (t, 2H), 6.65 (d, l H), 6.10 (bs, 2H), 4.21 (septet, I H), 3.75 (m, I H), 3.65 (m, 2H), 3.23 (bs, 2H), 2.38 (bs, 4H), 1.25 (d, 6H). LCMS (M+l+): 399.86 Synthesis of Oxazole-thiazole Terphenyls SCHEME VII
Figure imgf000089_0001
EXAMPLE 38
Figure imgf000089_0002
-|5-(4-FluoiO-phenyl)-2-morpholin-4-yImethyl-3H-iniidazoI-4-yll-thiazole- -carboxylic acid isopropylamide: Step !
Figure imgf000090_0001
4-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-2-niethyl-oxazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester: A 250 mL round bottom flask was charged with 2-acetoxy-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-oxo-piOpionic acid methyl ester (25 g, 78.74 mmol, prepared as described in step 3 of Example 27), ammonium acetate (18.2 g, 234.00 mmol), and HOAc (30 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 3.5 hours at 100 0C. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 1 :4, Rf= 0.4). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, dissolved in 300 mL of EtOAc, washed 3 times with 200 mL OfNaHCO3 (10%), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography with 1 :20 EtO Ac/Petroleum ether, resulting in 3.2 g (9%) of product as a yellow solid.
Step 2
Figure imgf000090_0002
4-(4-FluoiO-phenyI)-2-methyl-oxazole-5-carboxyIic acid: A 250 mL round bottom flask charged with methyl 4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-oxazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester (3.5 g, 14.60 mmol), potassium hydroxide (4.2 g, 75.0 mmol), H2O (10 mL), and EtOH (30 mL). The resulting solution was refluxed for 40 minutes. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtO Ac/Petroleum ether = 1 : 1). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, and dissolved in 20 mL of H2O, and adjusted to pH to 2 with HCl (10 %). Product was isolated by filtration, resulting in 3.2 g (94%) of product as a white solid.
Step 3
Figure imgf000090_0003
4-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-oxazole-5-carbonyI chloride: A 250 mL round bottom flask was charged with 4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-oxazole-5-carboxylic acid (4.5 g, 19.95 mmol), oxalyl chloride (25.8 g, 203.26 mmol), and DCM (50 mL). To this was added N,N-dimethylformamide (catalytic amount). The resulting solution stirred for 4 hours at room temperature. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtO Ac/Petroleum ether = 1 :1). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated resulting in 4 g (67%) product as a yellow solid that was used without further purification.
Step 4
Figure imgf000091_0001
4-(4-FIuoro-phenyI)-2-methyl-oxazoIe-5-carboxyIic acid amide: Into a 250 mL round bottom flask, was placed a solution of 4-(4-fluoiOphenyl)-2-methyloxazole-5-carbonyl chloride (4 g, 13.39 mmol) in DCM (50 mL). To the mixture was added ammonia gas (30 g, 1.76 mol). The resulting solution stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 1 : 1). Work-up: solid product was filtered from the reaction and washed 2 times with 20 mL Of H2O, resulting in 3.4 g (92%) of product as a pale yellow solid.
Step 5
Figure imgf000091_0002
4-(4-FIuoiO-phenyI)-2-methyI-oxazole-5-carbothioic acid amide: A 250 mL round bottom flask was charged with 4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-oxazo!e-5-carboxylic acid amide (3.4 g, 14.2 mmol), Lawesson's reagent (7.5 g, 18.56 mmol), and 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane (30 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 10 at 60 0C. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc / Petroleum ether = 1 : 1). Work-up: the reaction was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by column chromatography with a 200:1 DCM / MeOH, giving 1.8 g (48%) of product as a yellow solid.
Step 6
Figure imgf000091_0003
2-[4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-oxazol-5-yl]-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: A 250 niL round bottom flask was charged with 4-(4-Fluoro-ρhenyl)-2-methyl-oxazole-5-carbothioic acid amide (1.8 g, 7.25 mmol), 3-bromo-2-oxopropanoate (7.4 g, 37.95 mmol), and EtOH (20 mL). The resulting solution stirred for 40 minutes at 60 0C. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 1 :2). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, dissolved in 100 mL of Et2O, washed 2 times with 50 mL of H2O, dried over Ma2SO4, and concentrated to a yellow solid 1.0 g (39%).
Step 7
Figure imgf000092_0001
5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-3H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid amide: A 100 mL sealed tube was charged with 2-[4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-oxazol-5-yl]-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1.5 g, 4.43 mmol), and propan-2-amine (5.3 g, 89.8 mmol). The resulting solution stirred for 6 hours at 50 0C. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtO Ac/Petroleum ether = 1 :2). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, dissolved in 100 mL of EtOAc, washed 2 times with 50 mL of H2O, and dried over NaaSO:). The crude residue was purified by column chromatography with 1 :10 EtO Ac/Petroleum ether, resulting in 1.0 g (64%) of product as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.17 (m, 2H), 8.10 (s, 1 H), 7.13 (t, 2H), 7.00 (m, 1 H), 4.23 (septet, 1 H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 1.27 (d, 6H).
Figure imgf000092_0002
2-|4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyI-oxazol-5-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid amide: A I O mL seal tube was charged with 2-[4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyI-oxazol-5-yl]-thiazole-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester (25 mg, 0.075 mmol), ammonium hydroxide (2.5 mL), EtOH (1.5 mL), and DMSO (1.0 mL). The resulting solution stirred for 12h at 120 0C. Reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, and purified by Cl 8 semi-preparative HPLC, giving the product as a white solid 6 mg (26%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd6) δ: 8.41 (m, 2H), 8.23 (s, 1 H), 7.28 (t, 2H), 6.91 (bs, 2H), 2.60 (s, 3H).
EXAMPLE 40
Figure imgf000093_0001
2-|4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-oxazoI-5-yl|-thiazoIe-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide:
Step l
Figure imgf000093_0002
2-[2-Bromomethyl-4-(4-fluoro-phenyI)-oxazol-5-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: A 100 niL round bottom flask was charged with 2-[4-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-oxazol-5-yl]-thiazole-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester (200 mg, 0.59 mmol, described in Step 6 of Example 38), NBS (120 mg, 0.67 mmol), AIBN (a catalytic amount), and CCU(I O mL). The resulting solution stirred for 3 hours under light from a Hg vapor lamp at reflux. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 1 :4). Work-up: the resulting mixture was washed 2 times with 10 mL of H2O, dried over Na2SO^ and purified by column chromatography with a 1 :20 EtOAc/Petroleum ether. This gave 0.1 g (40%) of product as a pale yellow solid.
Step 2
Figure imgf000094_0001
2-[4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-oxazol-5-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: A 50 mL round bottom flask was charged with ethyl 2-[2-Bromomethyl-4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-oxazol-5-yl]- thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (500 nig, 0.61 mmol), DMSO (5 mL), and H2O (2 mL). The resulting solution stirred overnight at 80 0C. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtO Ac/Petroleum ether = 1 :1). Work-up: the reaction mixture diluted 10 mL of H2O/ice, extracted two times with 50 mL Of Et2O, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated, and purified by column chromatography with 1 :10 EtO Ac/Petroleum ether. This gave 0.12 g (56%) of product as a pale yellow solid.
Step 3
Figure imgf000094_0002
2-|4-(4-FluoiO-phenyl)-2-hydroxymethyI-oxazoI-5-yl|-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide: A l O mL sealed tube was charged with ethyl 2-[4-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-oxazol-
5-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (100 mg, 0.28 mmol), and propan-2-amine ( 170 mg, 2.88 mmol). The resulting solution stirred overnight at 50 0C. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtO Ac/Petroleum ether = 1 :2). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography with a 1 :1 EtOAc/Petroleum ether. This gave 30 mg (29%) of the title compound as a pale yellow solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.17 (in, 2H), 8.13 (s, I H), 7.13 (t, 2H), 6.98 (m, 2H), 4.87 (s, 2H), 4.24 (septet, 1 H), 1.26 (d, 6H). EXAMPLE 41
Figure imgf000095_0001
2-j4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-oxazol-5-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide:
Stet
Figure imgf000095_0002
2-[4-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-2-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-oxazol-5-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester:
A 50 ITiL round bottom flask was charged with ethyl 2-(2-(bromornethyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl) oxazol-5-yl) thiazole-4-carboxylate (200 mg, 0.49 mmol), morpholine (52 mg, 0.60 mmol), triethylamine (61 mg, 0.60 mmol), and EtOH (20 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 1.5 hours at room temperature. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 1 :2). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, dissolved in 30 mL of EtOAc, washed 3 times with 20 mL of brine, dried over Na2SO^ concentrated, resulting in 170 mg (84%) of product as yellow-red oil.
Steo 2
Figure imgf000095_0003
2-|4-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-2-morpholiπ-4-ylmethyI-oxazol-5-yI|-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide: A 10 mL sealed tube was charged with 2-[4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-morpholin-4- ylmethyl-oxazol-5-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (170 mg, 0.41 mmol), and propan-2-amine (3 mL). The resulting solution was stirred overnight at 60 0C. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtO Ac/Petroleum ether = 1 : 1). Work-up: the reaction mixture was concentrated, and purified by column chromatography with a 1 :50 EtO Ac/Petroleum ether, giving 30 mg (17%) of product as a yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.55 (bs, 2H), 8.34 (s, I H), 7.63 (m, 2H), 7.18 (t, 2H)5 4.15 (s, 2H), 4.09 (septet, 1 H), 3.03 (bs, 4H), 2.71 (bs, 4H), 1.06 (d, 6H). LCMS (M+1H): 429.72
EXAMPLE 42
Figure imgf000096_0001
2-|2-DimethylaminomethyI-4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-oxazol-5-yl|4hiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 41, where dimethylamine was substituted for morpholine in step 2 of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.18 (m, 2H), 8.15 (s, 1 H), 7.15 (t, 2H), 6.99 (m, 1 H), 4.24 (m, 1 H), 2.60 (bm, 2H), 1.54 (s, 6H), 1.27 (d, 6H).
EXAMPLE 43
Figure imgf000096_0002
[4-(4-FIuoiO-phenyl)-5-(4-isopropylcarbamoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-oxazol-2-ylmethyl|-carbamic acid tert- butyl ester: The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 41, where sodium azide was substituted for morpholine in step 2 of that sequence. The resulting azide was reduced (RaNi/i-PrOH) and Boc protected. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.17 (m, 2H), 8.13 (s, 1 H), 7.14 (t, 2H), 7.00 (m, 1 H), 5.22 (s, 1 H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 4.24 (septet, 1 H), 1.50 (s, 9H), 1.27 (d, 6H).
EXAMPLE 44
Figure imgf000097_0001
2-|4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-piperazin-l-ylmethyl-oxazol-5-yI|-thiazoIe-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide
Step l
Figure imgf000097_0002
2-|2-BiOmomethyl-4-(4-tluoi o-phenyI)-oxazol-5-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
A round bottom flask was charged with 2-[2-bromomethyl-4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-oxazol-5-yl]- thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (300 mg, 0.73 mmol, prepared as described in Stepl of Example 40), toluene (2 mL), and 2 mL of MeAlCl(NHiPr) (0.67 M solution in toluene, 1.46 mmol, prepared as described in Synth. Comm., 12 (13) 989-993.). The resulting mixture was warmed to 8O0C and left to stir for 2 hrs, then cooled to room temperature and poured in to a vigorously stirred slurry of sodium sulfate decahydrate (25 g) in DCM (100 mL). After 1 hr, the mixture was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was dried over MgSO.;, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound (289 mg, 93% yield) as a tan solid that was determined to be sufficiently pure by available analytical methods to carry on to the next step. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.16 (m, 3H), 7.14 (m, 2H), 6.98 (m, 1 H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 4.23 (m, 1 H), 1.27 (d, 6H). LCMS: 423.7 (M+l)+.
Step 2
Figure imgf000098_0001
4-I4-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-5-(4-isopropylcarbamoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-oxazol-2-yImethyI|-piperazine-l- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester: Cs2CO3 (861 mg, 2.65 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 2-[2-bromomethyI-4-(4-fluoro- phenyl)-oxazol-5-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide (450 mg, 1.06 mmol), and tert-butyl 1- piperazinecarboxylate, (237 mg, 1.27 mmol) in DMF (22 mL) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was warmed to 800C and left to stir for 10 minutes, then cooled to room temperature and poured in to a separatory funnel containing 1 : 1 EtOAc:hexanes (200 mL) and 5% brine (100 mL). The organic layer was washed with an additional 3 portions of 5% brine (50 mL each), then dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting crude residue was purified by SiO2 flash chromatography, eluting with 3:1 EtOAc:hexanes to afford the title compound (459 mg, 82%) as a white powder. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.16 (m, 2H), 8.12 (s, 1 H), 7.12 (m, 2H), 6.98 (d, 1 H), 4.22 (m, 1 H), 3.83 (s, 2H), 3.49 (m, 4H), 2.61 (m, 4H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.26 (d, 6H). LCMS: 530.0 (MH-I)+.
Step 3
Figure imgf000098_0002
2-|4-(4-FluoiO-phenyl)-2-piperazin-l-ylmethyI-oxazol-5-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
To a solution of 4-[4-(4-fluoro-phenyI)-5-(4-isopropylcarbamoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-oxazol-2- ylmethyl]-piperazine-l -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (350 mg, 0.66 tnmol) in DCM (1 mL), was added 20% TFA in DCM (5 mL). After 1.25 hrs of stirring at room temperature, TLC analysis (70% EtOAc in hexanes) showed the disappearance of the Boc protected starting material. The resulting mixture was diluted with DCM (20 mL) and toluene (20 mL), and concentrated to dryness in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by automated Cl 8 reverse phase semi-preparative HPLC to afford the title compound (220 mg, 61%, mono TFA salt) as an off white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.28 (s, 1 H), 8.19 (m, 2H), 7.70 (m, 1 H), 7.23 (m, 2H), 4.17 (m, 1 H), 3.99 (s, 2H), 3.28 (m, 4H), 2.94 (m, 4H), 1.26 (d, 6H). LCMS: 430.5 (M+l)+.
Synthesis of Oxazole-isoxazole Terphenyl SCHEME VIII
Figure imgf000099_0001
EXAMPLE 45
Figure imgf000100_0001
2-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-piperidin-4-yl-isoxazol-4-yI|-oxazoIe-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
Step 1
Figure imgf000100_0002
4-(4-EthoxycarbonyI-oxazol-2-ylethynyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester: A 50 mL round bottom flask was charged with 2-Chloro-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
(1.75 g, 10.0 mmol, prepared as described in Organic Letters (2002), 4(17), 2905-2907), 4-Ethynyl- piperidine-1 -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (2.07 g, 10.0 mmol, prepared as described in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2004), 14(4), 947-952.), Pd(PPHj)2Cl2 (350 mg, 0.50 mmol), CuI (190 mg, 1.00 mmol), Et3N (5.OmL), and DMF (15 mL). The resulting solution was vacuum-flushed with N2, and then stirred for 2.0 hours at 1 10 0C. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (40%
EtOAc/Hexane, Rf= 0.4). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, purified by column chromatography with 40% EtOAc/Hexane, resulting in 2.09 g (60%) of product as a brown oil.
Step 2
Figure imgf000100_0003
4-|4-(4-Ethoxycarbonyl-oxazol-2-yI)-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-isoxazoI-5-yI|-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester:
A 25 mL round bottom flask charged with methyl 4-(4-Ethoxycarbonyl-oxazol-2-ylethynyl)- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (174.0 mg, 1.0 mmol), 4-Fluoro-benzaldehyde chloro-oxime (347.4 mg, 1.0 mmol), and 25% Et3N/Et20 (5 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at 50 0C for 2 days. Reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, purified by Cl 8 reverse phase HPLC, giving 29 mg (6%) of product as a white solid. LCMS (M+l+): 486.49
Step 3
Figure imgf000101_0001
4-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-(4-isopropylcarbamoyI-oxazol-2-yl)-isoxazol-5-yl|-ρiperidine-1- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester:
A round bottom flask was charged with 4-[4-(4-Ethoxycarbonyl-oxazol-2-yl)-3-(4-fluoro- phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-piρeridine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (70 mg, 0.144 mmol), MeAICl(NH- ispropyl) (430 μl of 0.67 M solution, 0.288 mmol, prepared as described in Synthetic Communications, 12 (13), 989-993 (1982)), and toluene (430 μl). The resulting solution stirred for 2.5 hours at 75 0C. Reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. Work-up: the reaction was diluted with DCM (10 mL), and stirred with Na2SO4-IOH2O (1 Og) for lhr, then filtered, and concentrated to a light yellow solid, which was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS (M+l+): 499.53
Step 4
Figure imgf000101_0002
2-[3-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-5-piperidin-4-yl-isoxazol-4-yl|-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
A round bottom flask was charged with 4-[3-(4-FluoiO-phenyl)-4-(4-isopropylcarbamoyl- oxazol-2-yl)-isoxazoI-5-yI]-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.144 mmol crude from previous step) in 30% TFA/DCM (3 mL). The resulting solution stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. Reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, purified by Cl 8 reverse phase HPLC, giving 38 mg (52% for two steps, based on mass with 1 equivalent of TFA) of product as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.27 (s, 1 H), 7.58 (dd, 2H), 7.18 (t, 2H), 6.65 (d, 1 H), 6.10 (bs, 2H), 4.21 (septet, 1 H), 3.75 (m, 1 H), 3.65 (m, 2H), 3.23 (bs, 2H), 2.38 (bs, 4H), 1.25 (d, 6H). LCMS (M+l+): 399.86
Synthesis of Thiazole-thiazole Terphenyls SCHEME IX
Figure imgf000102_0001
EXAMPLE 46
Figure imgf000102_0002
4'-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-2'-methyl-|2,5'lbithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
Step I
Figure imgf000103_0001
4-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-2-methyI-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester:
A 500 mL round bottom flask was charged with 2-Chloro-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester (10 g, 0.043 mol, described in Step 2 of Example 27), and thioacetamide (5 g, 0.067 mol) and EtOH (250 mL). The resulting solution stirred overnight at reflux. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtO Ac/Petroleum ether = 1 :10). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, dissolved in 100 mL of DCM, washed 2 times with 50 mL of water, dried over MgSO,*, and concentrated giving 8 g (73.4%) of product as a red solid.
Step 2
Figure imgf000103_0002
4-(4-FluoiO-phenyl)-2-methyI-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid: A 500 mL round bottom flask was charged with 4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-5- carboxylic acid methyl ester (8 g, 0.032mol), potassium hydroxide (5.35 g, 0.096mol), H2O (20 mL), and EtOH (100 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 4 hours at reflux. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (AcOEt/Petroleum ether = 1 :10). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, dissolved in 100 mL of H2O, washed 2 times with 50 mL of DCM, and adjusted to pH = 2 with HCl (6N ), which caused formation of a white precipitate. The precipitate was filtrated and dried to give 6.38 g (85%) of product as a white solid.
Step 3
Figure imgf000103_0003
4-(4-FluoiO-phenyI)-2-methyl-tIiiazole-5-carboxylic acid amide:
A 250 mL single-necked flask was charged with 4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyI-thiazole-5- carboxylic acid (3 g, 0.013mol), oxalyl chloride (16.1 g, 0.13mol), DMF (two drops), and DCM (100 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 1 :1) after a MeOH quench. The crude acid chloride was concentrated, dissolved in 100 mL of DCM, and reacted with NH3(g) for 2 hours. Work-up: product was isolated by filtration. The filter cake was washed with water and dried to give 2.2 g (81%) of product as a red solid.
Step 4
Figure imgf000104_0001
4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-5-carbothioic acid amide:
A 250 mL 3-necked flask was charged 4-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-2-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid amide (2.2 g, 0.09mol), DME (100 mL), and Lawesson's reagent (4.45 g, 0.01 lmol). The resulting solution was stirred for 40 minutes at 60 0C. Work-up: the mixture was concentrated to give yellow sticky solid, which was purified by column chromatography with a 1 :50 EtO Ac/Petroleum ether. This gave 1.7 g (72.3%) of product as a light yellow solid.
Step 5
Figure imgf000104_0002
4'-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2'-methyI-[2,5']bithiazolyI-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester:
A 100 mL round bottom flask was charged with 4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-5- carbothioic acid amide (1.5 g, O.OOβmol), 3-bromo-3-oxopropanoate (5.71 g, 0.03mol), and DCM (50 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 5 hours at reflux. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtO Ac/Petroleum ether = 1 :2). Work-up: the reaction mixture was concentrated, and purified by column chromatography with 20:1 EtOAc/Petroleum ether, giving 1.2 g (59%) of product as a yellow solid. Step 6
Figure imgf000105_0001
4'-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-2'-methyl-|2,5'lbithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide: A 10 mL sealed tube was charged with ethyl 4'-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-2'-methyI-[2,5']bithiazoIyl-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (400 mg, 1.15 mmol), and isopropyl amine (7 mL). The resulting solution was stirred overnight at 500C. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 1 :2). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, and purified by column chromatography with a 1 :5 EtOAc/Petroleum ether, giving 0.23 g (55%) of the title compound as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.92 (s, 1 H), 7.57 (m, 2H), 7.16 (t, 3H), 7.00 (d, 1 H), 4.24 (septet, 1 H), 2.80 (s, 3H), 1.27 (d, 6H).
EXAMPLE 47
Figure imgf000105_0002
4'-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2'-methyI-|2,5'|bithiazoIyl-4-carboxylic acid methylamide
Stea l
Figure imgf000105_0003
4'-(4-FluoiO-phenyI)-2'-methyl-|2,5'|bithiazoIyl-4-carboxylic acid: To a stirred solution of 4'-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2'-methyl-[2,5']bithiazoIyl-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1.95 g, 5.6 mmol) in MeOH (20 niL) at room temperature was added LiOH (7.3 niL of a IN aqueous solution, 7.3 mmol). The resulting mixture was warmed to 45°C and left to stir for 2 hrs, at which time TLC analysis (1 :1 EtOAc:hexanes) revealed the disappearance of the ester starting material. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and made acidic with the addition of HCl (10 mL of 1"N aqueous solution) and further diluted with H2O (200 mL). The resulting heterogeneous mixture was washed with EtOAc (6 x 100 mL portions) and the combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the title compound (1.68 g, 5.3 mmol, 95% yield) as a white powder. LCMS: 320.7 (M+l)+, 319.1 (M-I)".
Figure imgf000106_0001
4'-(4-FluoiO-phenyl)-2'-methyI-|2,5']bithiazolyl-4-carboxyIic acid pentafluorophenyl ester: To a stirred solution of 4'-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2'-methyl-[2,5']bithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid (1.68 g, 5.3 mmol), and pyridine (466 μL, 5.8 mrnol) in DMF (50 mL), at room temperature, was added pentafluorophenyl trifluoroacetate (1.1 mL, 6.3 mmol). After 1 hr, the reaction was determined to be complete by TLC analysis (3:1 hexanes: EtOAc). The mixture was then poured in to a separatory funnel containing 1 : 1 hexanes:EtOAc (300 mL) and washed with aqueous HCl (50 mL, 0.1 N), 5% brine (4 x 50 mL), 5% NaHCO3 (50 mL), and H2O (100 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to dryness in vacuo to afford the title compound (2.54 g, 99% yield) as a pale yellow solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.27 (s, 1 H), 7.55 (m, 2H), 7.17 (m, 2H), 2.78 (s, 3H). LCMS: 486.7 (MH-I)+.
Step 3
Figure imgf000107_0001
4'-(4-FluoiO-phenyl)-2'-methyl-|2,5'|bithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid methylamide
Methylamine (150 μL of a 2.0 M solution in THF, 0.3 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 4'-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2'-methyl-[2,5']bithiazolyl-4-carboxyIic acid pentafluorophenyl ester (97 mg, 0.2 mmol), and DIEA (70μL, 0.4 mmol) in DMF (1 mL), at room temperature. After 2 hrs the reaction was determined to be complete by HPLC analysis. The resulting crude mixture was purified by automated Cl 8 reverse phase semi-preparative HPLC to afford the title compound (69 mg, 78% yield, mono TFA salt) as a tan solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 5 7.91 (s, 1 H), 7.54 (m, 2H), 7.24 (m, 1 H), 7.16 (m, 2H), 3.01 (d, 3H), 2.76 (s, 3H). LCMS: 333.7 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 48
Figure imgf000107_0002
4'-(4-Fluoro-pheiiyl)-2'-methyI-|2,5')bithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid ethylamide
The title compound was prepared analogously to 4'-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2'-methyl- [2,5']bithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid methylamide, where ethylamine was substituted for methylamine in step 4 of that sequence. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.91 (s, 1 H), 7.54 (m, 2H), 7.22 (m, 1 H), 7.16 (m, 2H), 3.49 (m, 2H), 2.77 (s, 1 H), 1.26 (t, 3H). LCMS: 347.7 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 49
Figure imgf000108_0001
4'-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-2'-methyl-|2,5'lbithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 4'-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2'-methyl- [2,5']bithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid methylamidewhere ethanolamine was substituted for methylamine in step 4 of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.63 (m, 1 H), 7.54 (m, 2H), 7.16 (m, 2H), 3.84 (m, 2H), 3.63 (m, 2H), 2.76 (s, 3H). LCMS: 364.1 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 50
Figure imgf000108_0002
4'-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2'-methyI-[2,5' lbithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid cyclobutylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 4'-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2'~methyl- [2,5']bithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid methylamide, where cyclobutylamine was substituted for methylamine in step 4 of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.91 (s, 1 H), 7.54 (m, 2H), 7.31 (m, I H), 7.16 (m, 2H), 4.56 (m, I H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 2.41 (m, 2H), 1.99 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 2H). LCMS: 373.6 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 51
Figure imgf000108_0003
4'-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2'-πiethyI-|2,5'|bithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid cyclopropylmethyl-amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 4'-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2'-methyl- [2,5']bithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid methylamide, where (aminomethyl)cyclopropane was substituted for methylamine in step 4 of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.54 (m, 2H), 7.31 (m, I H), 7.15 (m, 2H), 3.31 (m, 2H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 1.06 (m, I H), 0.57 (m, 2H), 0.30 (m, 2H). LCMS: 373.7 (M+l)4.
EXAMPLE 52
Figure imgf000109_0001
4'-(4-FIuoro-pheiiyl)-2'-methyl-[2,5'|bithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid (3-hydroxy-propyI)-amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 4'-(4-fluoiO-phenyl)-2'-methyl- [2,5']bithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid methylamide, where 3-amino-1 -propanol was substituted for methylamine in step 4 of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.54 (m, 3H), 7.15 (m, 2H), 3.68 (m, 2H), 3.62 (m, 2H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 1.81 (m, 2H). LCMS: 377.8 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 53
Figure imgf000109_0002
4'-(4-FIuoiO-phenyl)-2'-methyl-|2,5']bithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid (2-methoxy-etliyl)-aniide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 4'-(4-fluoiO-phenyl)-2'-methyl- [2,5']bithiazolyI-4-carboxylic acid methylamide, where 2-methoxyethanamine was substituted for methylamine in step 4 of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.54 (m, 3H), 7.15 (m, 2H), 3.64 (m, 2H)1 3.56 (m, 2H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 2.77 (s, 3H). LCMS: 377.7 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 54
Figure imgf000110_0001
4'-(4-FIuoro-phenyI)-2'-methyl-|2,5'|bithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid (1-hydroxymethyl-propyl)- amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 4'-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2'-methyl- [2,5']bithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid methylamide, where 2-amino-l -butanol was substituted for methylamine in step 4 of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.95 (s, 1 H), 7.54 (m, 2H), 7.35 (m, I H), 7.15 (m, 2H), 4.02 (m, I H), 3.82 (m, I H), 3.71 (m, I H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 1.73 (m, I H), 1.64 (m, I H), 1.01 (t, 3H). LCMS: 391.7 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 55
Figure imgf000110_0002
4'-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-2'-methyl-|2,5'|bithiazolyl-4-carboxyIic acid (pyridin-3-yIπiethyl)-aniide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 4'-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2'-methyl- [2,5']bithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid methylamide, where 3-pyridinylmethanamine was substituted for methylamine in step 4 of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.90 (m, 1 H), 8.73 (m, 1 H), 8.36 (d, I H), 8.03 (dd, I H), 7.96 (s, 1 H), 7.79 (m, I H), 7.52 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 2H), 4.78 (d, 2H), 2.75 (s, 3H). LCMS: 411.5 (M+1)+.
EXAMPLE 56
Figure imgf000111_0001
4'-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2'-methyI-[2,5'|bithiazoIyl-4-carboxylic acid (pyridin-2-yImethyl)-amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 4'-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2'-methyl- [2,5']bithiazolyI-4-carboxylic acid methylamide, where 2-pyridinylmethanamine was substituted for methylamine in step 4 of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.94 (m, 1 H), 8.74 (m, 1 H), 8.20 (dd, 1 H), 7.94 (d, 1 H), 7.87 (s, 1 H), 7.68 (m, I H), 7.52 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 2H), 4.96 (d, 2H), 2.77 (s, 3H). LCMS: 41 1.5 (M+1)+.
EXAMPLE 57
Figure imgf000111_0002
4'-(4-FluoiO-phenyl)-2'-methyl-|2,5'|bithiazoIyI-4-carboxylic acid (pyiϊdin-4-ylinethyI)-amide: The title compound was prepared analogously to 4'-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2'-methyl- [2,5']bithiazolyI-4-carboxylic acid methylamide, where 4-pyridinylmethanamine was substituted for methylamine in step 4 of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.15 (m, 1 H), 8.74 (d, 2H), 8.20 (s, 1 H), 7.73 (d, 2H), 7.63 (m, 2H), 7.35 (m, 2H), 4.63 (d, 2H), 2.73 (d, 3H). LCMS: 410.9 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 58
Figure imgf000112_0001
4'-(4-FluoiO-phenyl)-2'-methyl-|2,5'|bithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid (3-moi pholin-4-yI-propyl)- amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 4'-(4-fluoiO-phenyl)-2'-methyl- [2,5']bithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid methylamide, where 3-(4-morpholinyl)-l-propanamine was substituted for methylamine in step 4 of that sequence. ' H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.89 (s, 1 H), 7.63 (m, I H), 7.53 (m, 2H), 7.16 (m, 2H), 3.98 (m, 4H), 3.54 (m, 4H), 3.14 (m, 2H), 2.88 (m, 2H), 2.77 (s, 3 H), 2.15 (m, 2H). LCMS: 447.5 (M+l )+.
EXAMPLE 59
Figure imgf000112_0002
4'-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2'-methyl-|2,5'|bithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid (benzol l,31dioxol-5-ylmethyl)- amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 4'-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2'-methyl- [2,5']bithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid methylamide, where l ,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethanamine was substituted for methylamine in step 4 of that sequence. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.96 (s, 1 H), 7.53 (m, 3H), 7.12 (m, 2H), 6.85 (m, 1 H), 6.80 (m, 2H), 5.95 (s, 2H), 4.55 (m, 2H), 2.74 (s, 3H). LCMS: 453.9 (M+l )+.
EXAMPLE 60
Figure imgf000113_0001
4'-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2'-methyl-|2,5'lbithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid 3,4-dimethoxy-benzyIamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 4'-(4-fluoro-phenyI)-2'~methyl- [2,5']bithiazolyl-4-carboxylic acid methylamide, where (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanamine was substituted for methylamine in step 4 of that sequence. ' H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.96 (s, 1 H), 7.53 (m, 3H), 7.12 (m, 2H), 6.85 (m, 3H), 4.57 (d, 2H), 3.88 (s, 6H), 2.75 (s, 3H). LCMS: 469.9 (MH-I)+.
Synthesis of Pyrazole-thiazole Terphenyls SCHEME X
Figure imgf000114_0001
Figure imgf000114_0002
Figure imgf000114_0003
MeAICI(N H-isopropyl) toluene; 80°C
Figure imgf000114_0004
13 EXAMPLE 61
Figure imgf000115_0001
2-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-piperidin-4-yl-lH-pyrazol-4-yl|-thiazoIe-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylainide
Step 1 :
Figure imgf000115_0002
3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-oxo-propionitrile:
A 500 inL 3-neck flask was charged with diisopropylamine (15.5mL, 1 l Ommol) and THF (0.300 mL). The resultant solution was cooled to -780C, where butyllithium (62.5mL, 1 OOmmol) was added. After 10 minutes, a solution of acetonitrile (5.2mL, 1 OOmmol) in THF(10 mL) was added and the reaction was stirred for 15 minutes at -780C. Next, a solution of -fluoro-benzoic acid ethyl ester (13.2mL, 90mmol) in THF (26 mL) was added to the flask, and the reaction stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Work-up: the reaction mixture was concentrated, diluted in EtOAc (150 mL), and washed with H2O (150 mL). The aqueous layer was acidified with 4N HCl to pH=6, extracted twice with EtOAc. The organics were dried with MgSO4, concentrated, triturated with Et2O, sonicated, and filtered, giving a white crystalline product (72% yield).
Step 2:
Figure imgf000115_0003
3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-oxo-thiopropionamide: A 300 mL round bottom flask was charged with 3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-oxo-propionitrile (1Og, δl .Ommol), isopropanol (123 mL) and dithiophosphoric acid O, O-diethyl ester (3 I mL, 183.0 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 4 hours at 580C. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (100% DCM). Work-up: the crude reaction was concentrated, triturated with DCM, sonicated, and filtered, giving 7.6 g (56% yield) of a tan solid. LCMS: 198.20 (MH-I)+.
Figure imgf000116_0001
2-|2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyI|-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester:
A 250 mL round bottom flask was charged with 3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-oxo-thiopropionamide (5 g, 25.4 mmol), EtOH (75 mL), and ethyl bromopyruvate (3.83mL, 30.5 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 6O0C. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (100% DCM). Work-up: the crude reaction was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 10OmL). The resulting organics were washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated to a solid. The solid was suspended in ether, sonicated, and filtered; resulting in 6.3g of bright yellow solid product (83% yield). LCMS: 293.93 (M+l)+.
Figure imgf000116_0002
Pipei idine-l,4-dicarboxylic acid 1-benzyl ester 4-|2-(4-ethoxycarbonyl-thiazoI-2-yl)-l-(4-fluoro- phenyl)-vinyl] ester:
A 25OmL flask was charged with 2-[2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (4g, 13.6 mmol); DCM (5OmL), and Et3N (5.3 mL, 38.1 mmol). 4-chlorocarbonyl- piperidine-1 -carboxylic acid benzyl ester (5.1g, 18.3 mmol) was added to the solution, and the reaction was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature, where it was monitored by LCMS and TLC (EtOAc/Hex=l : 1). The crude reaction was diluted with EtOAc (200 mL), washed with water, dried over MgSO4, concentrated to a solid; giving 35.9g of product (100% yield). LCMS: 539.03 (M+l )+.
Figure imgf000117_0001
4-|2-(4-Ethoxycarbonyl-thiazol-2-yI)-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-oxo-propionyI]-piperidiπe-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester:
A 500 mL round bottom flask was charged with Piperidine-1 , 4-dicarboxylic acid 1 -benzyl ester 4-[2-(4-ethoxycarbonyl-thiazoI-2-yl)-l -(4-fluoro-phenyl)-vinyl] ester (35.9g, 67mmol), DCM (20OmL), and DMAP (16.3g, 134mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. Reaction progress was monitored by LC/MS and TLC (EtOAc/Hex=l : 1). Workup: reaction mixture was diluted DCM, washed with I M HCl (10OmL), dried over MgSO4; and concentrated. The crude material was purified via flash chromatography, eluted with 100% DCM to 50% EtOAc/DCM, giving 25g (70% yield) of product, as a yellow oil. LCMS: 539.44 (M+l )+.
Step 6:
Figure imgf000117_0002
4-[4-(4-Ethoxycarbonyl-thiazol-2-yl)-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yI|-pipeπdiπe-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester:
A 50 mL flask was charged with 4-[2-(4-Ethoxycarbonyl-thiazol-2-yl)-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3- oxo-propionyl]~piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (535 mg, 1.0 mmol), acetic acid (4.0 mL), and hydrazine (0.157 mL, 5.0 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 2 hours at 1 150C. Reaction progress was monitored by LC/MS and TLC (EtOAc/Hex=l : 1 ). Workup: the reaction was concentrated, diluted with EtOAc, washed with sodium bicarbonate(aq.), brine, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated to a brown oil. The oil was purified via flash chromatography (15% ACN/DCM-40%ACN/DCM), giving 480 mg (90% yield) of a yellow solid. LCMS: 535.21 (M+l)+.
16 Step 7
Figure imgf000118_0001
2~|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-5-piperidin-4-yl-lH-pyrazol-4-yl]-thiazole- 4-carboxyIic acid ethyl ester:
A 500 mL Teflon capped sealed tube was charged with 4-[4-(4-Ethoxycarbonyl-thiazol-2-yl)-5- (4-fluoro-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (12g, 22.5mmol), and 4 M HCl in dioxane (225mL). The reaction was stirred for 1 hour at 1000C. Reaction progress was monitored by LC/MS. Work-up: reaction was cooled to room temperature, and concentrated to a yellow solid; (9g, 92% yield). LCMS: 402.92 (M+l)+.
Step 8:
Figure imgf000118_0002
4-[4-(4-Ethoxycarbonyl-thiazol-2-yl)-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yI] piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester:
A 50OmL flask was charged with the 2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-piperidin-4-y!-l H-pyrazol-4-yl]- thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester HCl-salt (9g, 21 mmol), Et3N (15.6mL, 1 13.0 mmol), and mEtOH (75 mL). Di-t-Butyl Dicarbonate (5.87g, 27 mmol) was added to the solution, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Reaction progress was monitored by LC/MS and TLC (EtOAc/Hex=l : 1). The mixture was diluted in EtOAc (300 mL), washed with water, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated to a white solid (9g, 87% yield). LCMS: 501.61 (M+l)+.
17 Step 9:
Figure imgf000119_0001
4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-4-(4-isopropyIcarbamoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester:
A 250 mL round bottom flask was charged with 4-[4-(4-Ethoxycarbonyl-thiazol-2-yl)-5-(4- fluoro-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl] piperidine-1 -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (5.0 g, 10 mmol), toluene (50.0 mL), and MeAlCl(NH-isopropyl) (30 mL, 0.67M, prepared as described in Synthetic Communications, 12 (13), 989-993 (1982)). The resulting solution was stirred at 80 0C for l hr. Reaction progress was monitored by LC/MS. Work-up: the reaction was diluted with DCM (800 mL), poured over Na2SO4-10H2O (21Og), and stirred at room temperature for lhr. The crude solution was dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to a solid. The solid was triturated with EtOAc, sonicated, and filtered; giving 5.05g of product (98% yield). LCMS: 514.48 (MH-I)+.
Step 10:
Figure imgf000119_0002
2-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-piperidin-4-yl-l H-pyrazoI-4-yI|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide: A Teflon capped sealed tube was charged with 4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-(4-isopropyl- carbamoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (2.5 I g, 4.9 mmol), MeOH (6 mL), and 4M HCL in dioxane (14 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 5O0C. Reaction progress was monitored by LC/MS. Work-up: the mixture was concentrated to a solid to yield 2.06g (94% yield) and was taken to the next step without further purification. 50 mg of the crude product was purified via reverse phase HPLC, and yielded 27 % (calculated as 2 x TFA-salt). 1H NMR (400
MHz, CDCl3) δ 10.05 (bs, I H), 9.12 (bs, I H), 7.99 (s, I H), 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.17 (m, 2H), 7.02 (t, 2H), 6.88 (d,l H), 4.18 (m, 1 H), 3.59 (d, 2H), 3.41 (m, 2H), 3.08 (m, 5H), 2.23 (m, 4H), 2.19 (m, 2H), 1.18 (d, 6H). LCMS: 414.97 (MH-I)+.
EXAMPLE 62
Figure imgf000120_0001
2-{3-(4-Fluoro-pheπyl)-5-|l-(2-hydroxy-acetyl)-piperidin-4-yl|-lH-pyrazol-4-yl} thiazole-4- carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
A 10OmL flask was charged with 2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-piperidin-4-yl-l H-pyrazol-4-yl]- thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide (80 mg, 0.2 mmol, prepared as described in step 10 of
Example 61), DCM (0.7 mL), Et3N (0.140 mL, 1.0 mmol), and acetoxy acetyl hydrochloride (33.0 μL, 0.30 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature, and reaction progress was monitored by LC/MS. Work-up: the crude mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with water, dried over MgSO^ and concentrated to yield a solid. The solid was dissolved in a 1 :1 solution of THF/MeOH (0.30 mL), and treated with LiOH (0.60 mL, 0.6 mmol). The solution was stirred at 5O0C for 30 minutes. Workup: the reaction was diluted in EtOAc, washed with water, dried over MgSO.), and concentrated to a solid. The material was purified via HPLC to yield 41.8 mg of product (59% yield, calculated as TFA salt). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.87 (bs, I H), 7.99 (s, I H), 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.17 (m, 2H), 7.02 (t, 2H), 6.88 (d,l H), 4.18 (m, IH), 3.59 (d, 2H), 3.41 (m, 3H), 3.08 (m, 2H), 2.23 (m, 4H), 2.19 (m, 2H), 1.18 (d, 6H). LCMS: 472.23 (M+l)'1'.
EXAMPLE 63
Figure imgf000120_0002
2-|3-(4-FIuoro-phenyI)-5-piperidin-4-yl-l H-pyrazol-4-yI]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethylamide
19 Step 1 :
Figure imgf000121_0001
4-[4-(4-Carboxy-thiazol-2-yl)-5-(4-fIuoro-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-piperidine-l carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester:
A 250 mL round bottom flask was charged with 4-[4-(4-Ethoxycarbonyl-thiazoI-2-yl)-5-(4- fluoro-phenyl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (2.6g, 5.2 mmol, prepared as described in step 8 of Example 61), and a 1 :1 solution of THF/MeOH (20.0 mL). An aqueous solution of LiOH, 1 M (12.0 mL, 12.0 mmol) was added, and the reaction was stirred at 5O0C for 1 hour. The progress was monitored by LC/MS. Work-up: the reaction was diluted with EtOAc, washed with water, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated to a solid (2.58 g, 100 %). LCMS: 473.46 (M+l)+.
Step 2:
Figure imgf000121_0002
4-[4-(4-Ethylcarbamoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2H-pyrazoI-3-yl|-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester:
A 100 mL flask was charged with 2M ethylamine in dioxane (0.465 mL, 0.8 mmol), DMF (1.76mL), Et3N (0.143 mL; 1.06 mmol), and 4-[4-(4-Carboxy-thiazol-2-yl)-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2H- pyrazol-3-yl]-piperidine-l carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (250 mg, 0.53 mmol). The solution was stirred for a few minutes, and HATU was added (201 mg, 0.53 mmol) to the flask. The reaction was stirred 1 hour at room temperature, and the progress was monitored by LC/MS. Work-up: the crude mixture was the reaction was diluted with EtOAc; washed with 1 M HCl (aq), water, and brine. The solution was dried over MgSO4, and concentrated to a solid (2.58 g, 100 % yield). LCMS: 500.50 (M+l )1. Step 3:
Figure imgf000122_0001
2-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-5-piperidin-4-yl-lH-pyrazol-4-yl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethylamide:
A flask was charged with 4-[4-(4-Ethylcarbamoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2H- pyrazol-3-yl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (258 mg, 0.516 mmol), and a solution of 30% TFA/DCM (6 mL). The reaction was stirred for 20 minutes at room temperature, and the progress was monitored by TLC. Work-up: the solution was diluted with toluene (2OmL), and concentrated to dryness. The resultant material was purified via reverse phase HPLC, and yielded 133 mg of transparent, tan crystals (63 %, calculated as bis-TFA salt). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.00 (s, I H), 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.17 (m, 2H), 7.02 (t, 2H), 6.92 (s,l H), 3.59 (m, 2H), 3.43 (m, 2H), 3.08 (m, 2H), 2.24 (m, 1 H), 1.73 (m, 2H), 1.18 (t, 3H), 0.80 (bs, I H). LCMS: 400.75 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 64
Figure imgf000122_0002
2-{3-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-5-[l-(2-hydroxy-acetyl)-piperidin-4-yl|-lH-pyrazoI-4-yl}- thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 62. ' H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.96 (s, 1 H), 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.19 (m, 2H), 7.07 (m, 2H), 4.62 (m, I H), 4.15 (d, 2H), 3.59 (m, 1 H), 3.39 (m, 4H), 3.04 (m, 2H), 2.76 (m, 3H), 2.06 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.18 (t, 3H), 0.80 (bs, I H). LCMS: 458.32 (M+l)+. EXAMPLE 65
Figure imgf000123_0001
2-|3-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-5-piperidin-4-yl-lH-pyrazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid prop-2- ynylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 63,
(2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-piperidin-4-yl-l H-pyrazol-4-yl]-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid ethylamide). ' H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.04 (s, I H), 7.51 (m, 2H), 7.24 (m, I H), 7.14 (m, 2H), 4.26 (t, 2H), 3.68 (m, 4H), 3.21 (m, 2H), 2.51 (d, I H), 2.37 (m, 2H), 1.74 (m, I H), 1.25 (s, I H), 0.88 (bs, 1 H). LCMS: 410.65 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 66
Figure imgf000123_0002
2-{3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-|l-(2-hydroxy-acetyl)-piperidin-4-yI|-lH-pyrazol-4-yl}-thiazoIe-4- carboxylic acid prop-2-ynylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 62,
((2-{3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-[l-(2-hydroxy-acetyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-l H-pyrazol-4-yl}-thiazole-4- carboxylic acid isopropylamide). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.04 (s, 1 H), 7.44 (m, 3H), 7.24 (m, 1 H), 7.15 (t, 3 H), 4.74 (d, 1 H), 4.25 (d, 2H), 4.21 (d, 3 H), 3.68 (d, 1 H), 3.49 (s, 1 H), 3 ,47 (m, 1 H), 3.13 (m, 2H), 2.89 (m, 2H), 2. 32 (m, 2H), 2.14 (m, 3H), 1.85 (m, 2H), 0.80 (bs, I H)). LCMS: 468.31 (M+1)H . EXAMPLE 67
Figure imgf000124_0001
2-[3-(4-FIuoro-phenyI)-5-piperidin-4-yl-lH-pyrazol-4-yl|-thiazoIe-4-carboxyIic acid (pyridin-3- ylmethyl)-amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 63, (2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5- piperidin-4-yl-l H-pyrazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid ethylamide). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- d6) δ: 8.89 (m, 1 H), 8.6 (dd, 2H)), 8.34 (m, 1 H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.35 (m, 1 H), 4.45 (d, 2H), 3.59 (m, 2H), 3.43 (m, 4H), 2.98 (m, 2H), 2.87 (bs, I H), 2.14 (m, 2H), 1.89 (m, 2H). LCMS: 463.35 (M+l )+.
EXAMPLE 68
Figure imgf000124_0002
2-{3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-|l-(2-hydroxy-acetyl)-piperidin-4-yl|-l H-pyrazol-4-yI} thiazoIe-4- carboxylic acid (pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 62,
((2-{3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-[l -(2-hydroxy-acetyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-l H-pyrazol-4-yl}-thiazole-4- carboxylic acid isopropylamide). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd6) δ: 8.82 (m, I H), 8.62 (s, I H)), 8.55 (d, I H), 8.28 (s, I H), 7.94 (d, I H), 7.51 (m, 3H), 7.23 (m, I H), 4.55 (d, 2H), 4.1 1 (d, 2H), 3.43 (m, 4H), 2.96 (m, 2H), 2.62 (m, I H), 1.89 (m, 2H). LCMS: 521.53 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 69
Figure imgf000124_0003
2-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-5-piperidin-4-yl-l H-pyrazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid cyclopropylmethyl-amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 63, (2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5- piperidin-4-yl-l H-pyrazoI-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethylamide). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- d6) δ: 13.38 (bs, I H) 8.84 (bs, I H), 8.58 (s, I H)), 8.38 (m, I H), 8.14 (s, I H), 7.54 (d, 2H), 7.36 (d, 2H), 7.23, 5.76 (s, 1 H), 3.53 (m, I H), 3.12 (m, 6H), 2.12 (d, 2H), 1.89 (d, 2H), 1.14 (m, 5H), (0.3 (dd, 4). LCMS: 426.48 (M+l )+.
Figure imgf000125_0001
2-(3-(4-fluorophenyI)-5-(piperidin-4-yl)-lH-pyrazol-4-yl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (DS308-030):
A 50 mL flask was charged with 2-(5-(l -(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)-3-(4- fluorophenyl)- 1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (47.3 mg, 0.1 mmol, described in Example 63), and a solution oF30%TFA-DCM (0.30 mL). The reaction was stirred for 20 minutes at room temperature; and was monitored by LC/MS. Work-up: the solution was diluted with toluene (2OmL), and concentrated to dryness. The resulting material was purified via reverse phase HPLC, and yielded 39.2 mg of transparent, tan crystals (100%, calculated as bis-TFA salt). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd6) δ: 13.34 (bs, 1 H)5 13.01 (bs, 1 H), 8.52 (bs, 1 H), 8.32 (s, 1 H), 7.50 (m, 2H), 7.32 (d, 2H), 5.74 (s, 3H), 4.18 (bs, I H), 3.36 (d, 2H), 3.18 (bs, I H), 2.98 (bs,3H), 2.10 (d, 2H), 1.95 (m, 3H), 1.1 (bs, I H). LCMS: 373.17 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 71
Figure imgf000125_0002
2-|3-(4-FluoiO-phenyl)-5-piperidin-4-yl-lH-pyrazoI-4-yl|-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid methoxy- amide Step 1 :
Figure imgf000126_0001
4-|5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-(4-pentafluorophenyIoxycarbonyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2H-pyrazoI-3-yl]- piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester:
A 100 mL flask was charged with 2-(5-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)-3-(4- fluorophenyl)-l H-pyrazol-4-yl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (1.0 g, 2.1 mmol), pyridine (0.20 mL, 2.54 mmol), DMF (7.0 mL), and trifluoro-acetic acid pentafluorophenyl ester (0.472 mL, 2.75 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes, and the progress was monitored by LC/MS. Work-up: the crude reaction was concentrated and purified via chromatography (0-40% ACN/DCM) to give 0.89g of a white solid (67% yield). LCMS: 639.42 (M+1 )+.
Step 2:
Figure imgf000126_0002
4-|5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-(4-methoxycarbamoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yll-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
A 50 mL flask was charged with 4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-(4-pentafluoro-phenyloxycarbonyl- thiazol-2-yl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (100 mg, 0.156 mmol), Et3N (87.2 ul, 0.624 mmol), DCM (0.52 mL), and methoxyamine HCl (20 mg, 0.234 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room 55degC for 20 minutes, and the progress was monitored by LC/MS. Work-up: the crude mixture was the reaction was diluted with EtOAc; washed with 1 M HCl (aq), water, and brine. The solution was dried over MgSO4, and concentrated to a solid. The crude solid was taken to the next step without purification to give 78 mg of product (100% yield). However, for Examples where this was a final step in a sequence (no further deprotection), the crude material was purified via reverse phase HPLC, and isolated as a bis-TFA salt). LCMS: 502.45 (M+l)+. Step 3:
Figure imgf000127_0001
2-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-5-piperidin-4-yl-l H-pyrazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid methoxy- amide:
A flask was charged with 4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-4-(4-methoxycarbamoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2H- pyrazol-3-yI]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (78.0 mg, 0.156 mmol), and a solution of 30% TFA/DCM (1.52 mL). The reaction was stirred for 20 minutes at room temperature, and the progress was monitored by TLC. Work-up: the solution was diluted with toluene (2OmL), and concentrated to dryness. The resulting material was purified via reverse phase HPLC, giving 51.1 mg of transparent tan crystals (81.0 % yield, calculated as a Bis-TFA salt). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd6) δ: 13.34 (bs, 1 H), 11.53 (s, 1 H), 8.52 (bs, 1 H), 8.32 (bs, 1 H), 8.21 (m, 1 H), 7.51 (m, 2H), 7.34 (d, 2H), 7.25 (bs, 1 H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.55 (bs, 1 H), 2.04 (d, 2H), 1.87 (m, 3H), LCMS: 402.459 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 72
Figure imgf000127_0002
2-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-l H-py razol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 71 , where 2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5- methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid pentafluorophenyl ester, was substituted for 4-[5-(4- FluoiO-phenyl)-4-(4 pentafluorophenyloxy-carbonyI-thiazoI-2-yl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-piperidine-l - carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester, and ethylamine was substituted for methoxyamine HCl in the final step of that example. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd6) δ: 13.18 (s,l H), 8.10 (bs, 1 H), 7.50 (m, 2H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.28 (m, 2H), 2.42 (bs, I H), 1.08 (m, 3H). LCMS: 330.96 (M+l)+. EXAMPLE 73
Figure imgf000128_0001
2-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-lH-pyrazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid cyclopropylπiethyl- amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 72. ' H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd6) δ: 13.20 (s,l H), 8.12 (s, I H), 8.08 (bs, I H), 7.53 (m, 2H), 7.24 (m, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 2H), 2.44 (s, I H), 1.08 (m, 3H), 0.41 (d, I H)). LCMS: 357.0 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 74
Figure imgf000128_0002
2-|3-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-lH-pyrazol-4-yl|-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid (benzo[ l,3|dioxoI-5-yl methyl)-amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 72. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd6) δ: 13.19 (s,1 H), 8.61 (bs, I H), 8.15 (s, 1 H), 7.53 (m, 2H), 7.20 (m, 2H), 6.88 (dd, 2H), 6.79 (d, I H), 6.02 (s, 2H), 4.37 (d, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 2.50 (bs, I H). LCMS: 437.4 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 75
Figure imgf000128_0003
2-[3-(4-FluoiO-phenyl)-5-methyl-lH-pyrazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (pyi idin-2-ylmetIiyl)- amide The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 72. ' H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd6) δ: 13.22(s,lH), 8.79 (bs, IH), 8.51 (s, IH), 8.16 (s, IH), 7.76 (m, IH), 7.55 (m, 2H), 7.29 (m, 4H), 4.59 (d, 2H), 3.59 (bs, IH), 3.32 (s, 3H), 2.53 (s, IH), 1.78 (bs, IH). LCMS: 394.46 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 76
Figure imgf000129_0001
2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-lH-pyrazol-4-yI|-thiazole-4-carboxylicacid (pyridin-3-ylmethyl)- ainide: The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 72.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd6) δ: 13.22 (bs,lH), 8.83 (t, IH), 8.61 (bs, IH), 8.54 (m, IH), 8.45 (m, IH), 8.17 (m, IH), 7.84 (m, IH), 7.71 (in, H), 7.53 (m, 2H), 7.42 (m, 1 H), 7.36 (m, 1 H), 7.24 (m, 2H), 4.49 (d, 2H), 3.98 (d,l H), 3.59 (bs, IH), 3.37 (bs, 3H), 2.51 (s, IH), 1.76 (bs, IH). LCMS: 394.42 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 77
Figure imgf000129_0002
2-|3-(4-Fluoro-plienyl)-5-methyI-lH-pyrazoI-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid (pyridin-4-yImethyl)- amide: The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 72.1HNMR (400 MHz, DMSOd6) δ: 13.20 (s,l H), 8.84 (bs, 1 H), 8.50 (d, 2H), 8.18 (s, 1 H), 7.54 (bs, 2H), 7.29 (m, 4H), 4.51 (d, 2H), 3.33 (bs, IH), 2.47 (s, IH), 1.10 (bs, IH). LCMS: 394.7 (M+l)+. EXAMPLE 78
Figure imgf000130_0001
2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyI-lH-pyrazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid prop-2-yπyIamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 72. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd6) δ: 13.20 (s,l H), 8.56 (bs, I H), 8.16 (s, I H), 7.51 (bs, 2H), 7.32 (m, 2H), 4.04 (d, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.1 1 (s, 1 H), 2.45 (bs, 1 H), 1.78 (bs, 1 H), 1.14 (bs, 1 H). LCMS: 341.40 (M+l)+.
Synthesis of Triazole-substituted Terphenyls SCHEME XI
Figure imgf000131_0001
Figure imgf000131_0002
Example 79 was intentionally skipped Synthesis of Imidazole-thiazole Terphenyls SCHEME XII
Figure imgf000132_0001
EXAMPLE 80
Figure imgf000133_0001
2-|5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-morphoIin-4-ylmethyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl|-thiazole- 4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
Step 1
Figure imgf000133_0002
3-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester:
A 500 niL 3-necked round bottom flask, was charged with a solution of dimethyl carbonate (88.7 g, 975.70 mmol) and THF (300 niL). To the solution was added sodium hydride (37 g, 925.00 mmol). To the above was added l-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanone (80 g, 573.91 mmol) dropwise with stirring, while warming to 600C over 30 minutes. The resulting solution was allowed to react for 2 hours while the temperature was maintained at 60 ° C. Work-up: pH was adjusted to ~6 by the addition of HCl (18 %). The resulting solution was extracted four times with 200 mL of diethylether and the organic layers combined. The resulting mixture was washed 2 times with 100 mL of brine, dried over "Na2SO^ and concentrated by rotary evaporator. The final product was purified by distillation under reduced pressure (0.05 mm Hg). Product was collected at 100 0C, resulting in 85 g (73%) of product as a light- yellow oil.
Step 2
Figure imgf000133_0003
2-ChIoro-3-(4-fIuoro-phenyI)-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester: A 500 mL round bottom flask, was charged with 3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester (66 g, 323.27 mmol), and CCl4 (200 mL). To the above was added sulfuryl dichloride (45.0 g, 330.00 mmol) dropwise with stirring, while maintaining the reaction at room temperature over a time period of 30 minutes. The resulting solution was allowed to react, for 4 hours at room temperature. The mixture was concentrated via rotary evaporator, resulting in 75 g (96%) of product as a light yellow oil.
Step 3
Figure imgf000134_0001
2-Acetoxy-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-oxo-propioπic acid methyl ester:
A 250 mL round bottom flask was charged with 2-Chloro-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-oxo-propionic acid methyl ester (25 g, 97.83 mmol), DMF (80 mL), and potassium acetate (21.3 g, 215.17 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 1 :4). Work-up: the mixture was poured into ice water (10OmL), and extracted three times with 300 mL of EtOAc. The resulting organics were washed 2 times with 100 mL of brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated via rotary evaporator, resulting in 25 g (80%) of product as an orange oil.
Step 4
Figure imgf000134_0002
5-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-3H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester:
A 250 mL round bottom flask, was charged with methyl 2-Acetoxy-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-oxo- propionic acid methyl ester (5 g, 19.67 mmol), ammonium acetate (15.2 g, 196.7 mmol), and Acetic acid (30 mL). The resulting solution was allowed to reflux overnight, monitoring by TLC (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 1 :2). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, dissolved in 10O mL of EtOAc, washed 3 times with 30 mL of NaHCO3 (10%), dried over Na2SO4, and purified via column chromatography with a 1 :10 EtOAc/Petroleum ether. This resulted in 2.8 g (60%) of product as a yellow solid. Step 5
Figure imgf000135_0001
5-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-2-methyl-3H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid: A 250 ITiL round bottom flask was charged with 5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-3H-imidazole-4- carboxylic acid methyl ester (10 g, 42.74 mmol) and EtOH (100 mL). To the solution was added a solution of KOH (7.2 g, 128.57 mmol) in H2O (40 mL). The resulting solution was refluxed overnight. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtO Ac/Petroleum ether = 1 :1). Work-up: the reaction pH was adjusted to 6-7 with IN HCl. The resulting mixture was concentrated, dissolved in 200 mL of EtOH, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated resulting in 7 g (74%) of carboxylic acid product as a white solid.
Step 6
Figure imgf000135_0002
5-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-2-methyI-3H-imidazoIe-4-carbonyl chloride:
A 250 mL round bottom flask charged with 5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-3H-imidazole-4- carboxylic acid (4.8 g, 21.82 mmol), DCM (150 mL), (COCl)2 (27.7 g, 218.23 mmol), and DMF (1 mL). The resulting solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (DCM/MeOH = 10:1 ). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated and taken-on to the next step without further purification.
Step 7
Figure imgf000135_0003
5-(4-FIuoiO-phenyl)-2-methyl-3H-imidazoIe-4-carboxylic acid amide:
A 250 mL round bottom flask was charged with 5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-3H-imidazole-4- carbonyl chloride (5.2 g, 21.85 mmol), DCM (150 mL), and NH3 (gas, 18.6 g). The resulting solution was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (DCM/MeOH = 10: 1). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated to a solid that was washed with 20 inL of H2O, and dried in an oven under reduced pressure, resulting in 2.6 g (54%) of product as a yellow solid.
Step 8
Figure imgf000136_0001
5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyI-3H-imidazoIe-4-carbothioic acid amide:
A 250 mL round bottom flask was charged with 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-l H-imidazole-5- carboxamide (4.6 g, 21.00 mmol), DME (100 mL) and Lawesson's reagent (12.74 g, 31.53mmol). The resulting solution stirred overnight in a 60 0C oil bath. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC
(DCM/MeOH = 10:1). The resulting mixture was concentrated and purified by chromatography through a neutral aluminum oxide eluted with a 1 :10 EtO Ac/Petroleum ether solvent system. This resulted in 3.1 g (63%) of product as a yellow solid.
Step 9
Figure imgf000136_0002
2-|5-(4-FIuoiO-phenyl)-2-methyI-3H-imidazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester:
A 250 mL round bottom flask, was charged with 5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-3H-imidazole- 4-carbothioic acid amide (4.6 g, 19.57 mmol), ethyl 3-bromo-2-oxopropanoate (5.73 g, 29.38 mmol), and EtOH (150 mL), then stirred at reflux for 3h with heating from an oil bath. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 1 :1). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated and recrystallization from EtOAc, giving 4.7 g (72%) of product as a white solid.
Figure imgf000137_0001
Z-IS-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-S^-fluoro-phenyl^-methyl-SH-imidazol-^yll-thiazole-^carboxylic acid ethyl ester:
A 100 ITiL round bottom flask was charged with ethyl 2-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-ιnethyl-3H- imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (200 mg, 0.60 mmol), THF (30 mL), and NaH (40 mg, 1.67 mmol), then stirred at room temperature for 1 h. This mixture treated with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (158 mg, 0.72 mmol), and stirred for an additional 2h at room temperature. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtO Ac/Petroleum ether = 1 :1 ; Rf= 0.4). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, dissolved in 100 mL of diethyl ether, washed 2 times with 30 mL of water, dried over Na2SC>4, filtered, and concentrated, giving 0.3 g of crude product a as yellow oil.
Figure imgf000137_0002
2-|2-BromomethyI-3-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester:
A 100 mL round bottom flask was charged with 2-[3-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)- 2-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (300 mg, 0.70 mmol), NBS (120 mg, 0.67 mmol), AIBN (20 mg, 0.12 mmol), and CCI4 (40 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 3 hours at reflux, while monitoring by TLC (EtO Ac/Petroleum ether = 1 :3, Rf= 0.3). The residue was dissolved in 50 mL of DCM, washed 3 times with 30 mL of water, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated, giving in 0.3 g (crude) of product as a yellow oil. This material was used in the next step without further purification.
Figure imgf000138_0001
2-[3-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-morphoIin-4-ylmethyI-3H-imidazoI-4-yI|-thiazole- 4-carboxyIic acid ethyl ester:
A 100 niL round bottom flask was charged with 2-[2-Bromomethyl-3-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-(4- fluoro-phenyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (300 mg, 0.59 mmol), triethylamine (300 mg, 2.96 mmol), morpholine (160 mg, 1.84 mmol), and EtOH (50 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature, and monitored by TLC (EtOAc/Petroleum ether = 1 :2, Rf= 0.1). The mixture was then dissolved in 10O mL of AcOEt, and washed 3 times with 20 mL of water. The resulting solution was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by column chromatography eluting with a 1 :5 EtOAc/Petroleum ether, giving 100 mg (33%) of product as a yellow solid.
Figure imgf000138_0002
2-[5-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-2-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl|-thiazole- 4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
A 10 mL sealed tube was charged with 2-[3-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2- morphoIin-4-ylmethyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (100 mg, 0.19 mmol), and propan-2-amine (5 mL), then stirred for 48 hours at 65 0C with heating from an oil bath. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (DCM/MeOH = 10:1 , Rf= 0.3). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, and purified by column chromatography, eluting with a 1 :5 EtOAc/Petroleum ether, giving 60 mg (72%) of product as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.92 (s, 1 H), 7.70 (m, 2H), 7.19 (m, 2H), 4.22 (m, 1 H), 2.55 (s, 4H), 1.50-1.70 (m, 6H), 1.22 (d, 6H). EXAMPLE 81
Figure imgf000139_0001
2-|2-DimethyIaminomethyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yIl-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 2-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-morpholin-4- ylmethyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide, where dimethylamine hydrochloride was substituted for morpholine in step 12 of that sequence. 1H "NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ: 9.50-10.50 (bs, I H), 7.85 (m, 2H), 7.14 (t, 2H), 7.19 (m, 2H), 6.95 (s, I H), 4.19 (s, I H), 3.75 (s, 2H), 2.38 (s, 6H), 1.23 (s, 6H).
EXAMPLE 82
Figure imgf000139_0002
2-|5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-piperazin-l-ylmethyl-3H-imidazoI-4-yl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid prop- 2-ynyIamide:
Figure imgf000139_0003
2-|5-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-2-hydroxymethyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester:
A 50 mL round bottom flask was charged with tert-butyl 2-[2-Bromomethyl-3-tert- butoxycarbonyI-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yI]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (150 mg, 0.29 mmol, prepared as described in Step 1 1 of Example 80), DMSO (20 mL), and H2O (5 mL). The resulting solution stirred for 3 hours at 80 0C. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (DCM/MeOH = 10:1 ). Work-up: the reaction was concentrated, dissolved in 100 mL of EtOAc, washed 3 times with 20 mL Of H2O, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated. This gave 100 mg (98%) of ethyl 2-(4-(4- fluorophenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-l H-imidazol-5-yl)thiazole-4-carboxylate as a white solid.
Step 2
Figure imgf000140_0001
2-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-formyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl|-thiazoIe-4-carboxyIic acid ethyl ester: A 25 mL round bottom flask was charged with 2-[5-(4-FluoiO-phenyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-3H- imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (160 mg, 0.461 mmol), Dess-Martin periodinane (235 mg, 0.553 mmol), and DCM (3 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. Work-up: mixture was filtered to remove insoluble IBX, concentrated, and used in the next step without further purification. (M+l+): 345.73
Step 3
Figure imgf000140_0002
4-|5-(4-Ethoxycarbonyl-thiazol-2-yl)-4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-lH-imidazoI-2-ylmethyl|-piperazine-l- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester:
A 25 inL round bottom flask was charged with crude 2-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-formyl-3H- imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (0.461 mmol), Piperazine-1 -carboxylic acid tert- butyl ester (103 mg, 0.553 mmol), sodium triacetoxy borohydride (136 mg, 0.645 mmol), and DCM (3.0 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for lhr, at which time LCMS indicated complete conversion. Work-up: the reaction was filtered through celite, and concentrated to an oil (442 mg, theoretical = 237 mg), and used in the next step without further purification. LCMS (M+l+): 516.01
Step 4
Figure imgf000141_0001
4-|4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-(4-prop-2-ynylcarbamoyl-thiazol-2-yI)-l H-imidazol-2-ylmethyI|- piperazine-1 -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester:
A 25 mL round bottom flask was charged with crude 4-[5-(4-Ethoxycarbonyl-thiazol-2-yl)-4- (4-fluoro-phenyl)-lH-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-piperazine-l -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.46 mmol), MeAlCl(NH-propargyl) (1.37 mL of 0.67 M solution prepared as described in Synthetic Communications, 12 (13), 989-993 (1982)), and toluene (1.4 mL). The resulting solution was heated in a 80 0C in a heating block until all starting material was consumed (1 hr), as indicated by LCMS. Workup: the reaction was diluted with DCM (20 mL), and stirred with Na2SO4-I OH2O (5g) for l hr, then filtered, concentrated to an oil, and used in the next step without further purification. LCMS (M+l+): 525.04
Step 5
Figure imgf000142_0001
2-|5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-piperazin-l-ylmethyI-3H-imidazoI-4-yll-tliiazole-4-carboxylic acid prop- 2-ynylamide:
A 25 niL round bottom flask was charged with crude 4-[4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-(4-prop-2- ynylcarbamoyI-thiazol-2-yl)-l H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-piperazine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.46 mmol), and 1 :1 TFA/DCM (10 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 20 min, diluted with toluene (10 mL), concentrated to an oil. The crude product was purified by C 18 reverse phase semi-preparative HPLC, giving the product as white solid (mono TFA salt, 48.1 mg, 24% for four steps). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd6) δ: 8.68 (bs, 2H), 8.23 (s, 1 H), 8.05 (m, 3H), 7.33 (t, 2H), 4.10 (m, 2H), 4.60-5.40 (bm, 4H), 3.82 (s, 2H), 3.20 (s, 1 H), 2.84 (bs, 4H). LCMS (M+ 1 '): 426.28.
EXAMPLE 83
Figure imgf000142_0002
2-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-piperazin-l-ylmethyl-3H-imidazoI-4-yI|-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide: The title compound was prepared analogously to 2-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-piperazin-l - ylmethyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid prop-2-ynylamide where MeAlCl(NH- isopropyl), was substituted for MeAlCl(NH-propargyI) in step 4 of that sequence. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.65 (bs, 2H), 8.10 (s, 1 H), 7.92 (m, 2H), 3.96 (m, 1 H), 3.75 (s, 2H), 3.13 (m, 4H), 2.74 (m, 4H), 1.06 (d, 6H). LCMS (M+1H): 428.83 EXAMPLE 84
Figure imgf000143_0001
2-|5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-3H-imidazol-4-yIl-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared by amidation (iPrNH2, sealed tube) of 2-[5-(4-FIuoro- phenyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-3H-imidazoI-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (described in step 1 of Example 82).
EXAMPLE 85
Figure imgf000143_0002
2-|2-(Acetylamino-methyI)-5-(4-fluoro-phenyI)-3H-imidazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide: The title compound was prepared from 2-[2-Bromomethyl-3-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-(4-fluoro- phenyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (described in step 11 of Example 80. The bromide was displaced with sodium azide, reduced with catalytic hydrogenation, and acylated with actetic anhydride. Synthesis of N-alkyl imidazole thiazole terpheπyls SCHEME XIII
Figure imgf000144_0001
iPrNHAIMeCI
Toluene
Figure imgf000144_0002
Figure imgf000144_0003
EXAMPLE 86
Figure imgf000144_0004
-|5-(4-FIuoro-phenyI)-3-methyl-3H-imidazoI-4-yll-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide
Figure imgf000145_0001
2-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyI-3H-imidazol-4-yI]-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid ethyl ester:
To a stirred solution of 2-formyl-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (100 mg, 0.54 mmol, prepared analogously to the literature method described in J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 3804, but using Sλvern oxidation methodology to form the aldehyde instead of PCC), and AcOH (10 μL) in EtOH (4 mL) at room temperature was added methylamine (2.0 mmol, ImL of a 2 M solution in THF). The reaction mixture was warmed to 600C and left to stir for 10 min, after which time TLC analysis (30% EtOAc in hexanes, triethylamine-pretreated plate) revealed disappearance of starting aldehyde. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The crude mixture of isomeric imine products was then redissolved in DMF (4 mL), treated with [(4-fluoro-phenyl)-(toluene- 4-sulfonyl)-methyl]-isocyanide (218 mg, 0.75 mmol, prepared analogously to the literature method described in J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 4529) and K2CO3 (372 mg, 2.7 mmol) and left to stir at room temperature for 18 hrs, after which time LC/MS analysis of the mixture revealed significant conversion of reactants to the title compound. The resulting crude reaction was poured in to 1 :1 EtOAc:hexanes (100 mL), extracted with 5% NaCl (4 x 50 mL), dried over MgSθ4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude residue was then purified by Siθ2 flash chromatography, eluting with EtOAc to afford the title compound (178 mg, 100% yield) as an off white sol id. 1H MMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.13 (s, I H), 7.60 (s, I H), 7.47 (m, 2H), 7.05 (m, 2H), 4.44 (q, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 1.43 (t, 3H). LCMS: 331.7 (M+l)+.
Figure imgf000145_0002
2-|5-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-3-methyI-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide:
To a stirred solution of 2-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester (50 mg, 0.15 mmol) in toluene (2 mL), was added MeAlCl(NH-iPr) (450 μL of a 0.67 M solution in toluene, 0.30 mmol, prepared as described in Synth. Comm. 12, 13, 989.) dropwise via syringe. The resulting mixture was warmed to 8O0C and left to stir for 2 hrs, then cooled to room temperature and poured on to a vigorously stirred slurry of sodium sulfate decahydrate (5 g) in DCM (40 mL). After 1 hr, the mixture was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound (45 mg, 87% yield), as a tan solid that was determined to be sufficiently pure by available analytical methods. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.09 (s, 1 H), 7.62 (s, 1 H), 7.48 (m, 2H), 7.05 (m, 3H), 4.28 (m, 1 H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 1.28 (d, 6H). LCMS: 345.2 (M+l )+.
EXAMPLE 87
Figure imgf000146_0001
2-l5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid prop-2-ynyIamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 2-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol- 4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide, where MeAICl(NH-Propargyl) was substituted for MeAlCl(NH-iPr) in step 2 of that sequence. ' H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.86 (s, 1 H), 8.34 (s, 1 H), 7.56 (m, 2H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 4.20 (d, 2H), 4.14 (s, 3H). LCMS: 341.0 (M+l)1.
EXAMPLE 88
Figure imgf000146_0002
2-|3-(l-Benzyl-piperidiπ-4-yl)-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yll-thiazoIe-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 2-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol- 4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide, where 4-Amino-l-benzylpipeπdine was substituted for methylamine in step 1 of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.10 (s, 1 H), 7.81 (s, 1 H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.37 (m, 5H), 7.03 (m, 3H), 4.40 (m, 1 H), 4.24 (m, 1 H), 3.58 (s, 2H), 3.09 (m, 2H), 2.0- 2.22 (m, 6H), 1.23 (d, 6H). LCMS: 504.6 (M+ 1)+. EXAMPLE 89
Figure imgf000147_0001
2-[3-(l-Benzyl-piperidin-4-yl)-5-(4-fluoiO-phenyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid prop-2-ynyIamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 2-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-metliyl-3H-imidazol- 4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide, where 4-Amino-l-benzylpiperidine was substituted for methylamine in step 1 of that sequence, and (propargyl-N H)AlMeCl was substituted for MeAlCl(NH- iPr) in step 2 of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.29 (s, I H), 8.10 (s, 1 H), 7.43 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.35 (m, 5H), 7.10 (m, 3H), 4.60 (m, I H), 4.21 (d, 2H), 3.58 (s, 2H), 3.05 (m, 2H), 2.67 (m, I H), 2.0-2.22 (m, 6H). LCMS: 500.6 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 90
Figure imgf000147_0002
4-|4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-(4-isopropylcarbamoyI-thiazol-2-yl)-imidazol-l-yl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester: The title compound was prepared analogously to 2-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H- imidazol-4-yl]-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide, where tert-butyl 4-amino-l - piperidinecarboxylate was substituted for methylamine in step 1 of that sequence. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.13 (s, 1 H), 7.76 (s, 1 H), 7.44 (m, 2H), 7.04 (m, 3H), 4.48 (m, 1 H), 4.25-4.38 (m, 3H), 2.75 (m, 2H), 2.18 (m, 2H), 1.90 (m, 2H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.28 (d, 6H). LCMS: 514.6 (M+l)\ EXAMPLE 91
Figure imgf000148_0001
2-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-3-piperidin-4-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide:
To a stirred solution of 4-[4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(4-isopropylcarbarnoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-imidazol- 1 -yl]-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (51 mg, 0.10 mmol) in DCM (10 mL), at room temperature, was added trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL). After 30 minutes, TLC analysis revealed the disappearance of the BOC starting material. The reaction was diluted with DCM (100 mL) and toluene (50 mL), and then concentrated to dryness in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by automated Cl 8 reverse phase semi-preparative HPLC to afford the title compound (47 mg, mono-TFA salt) as a pale yellow semi-solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 9.22 (s, 1 H), 8.36 (s, 1 H), 7.54 (m, 2H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 5.18 (m, IH), 4.22 (m, I H), 3.62 (d, 2H), 3.21 (m, 2H), 2.58 (d, 2H), 2.35 (m, 2H), 1.29 (d, 6H). LCMS: 414.6 (M+l )+.
EXAMPLE 92
Figure imgf000148_0002
2-|5-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-3-piperidin-4-yl-3H-imidazoI-4-yI|-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid prop-2- ynylamide: Step ]
Figure imgf000149_0001
^^-(^Fluoro-pheny^-S^-prop^-ynylcarbamoyl-thiazol^-ylJ-imidazoI-l-yll-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 2-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol- 4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide, where tert-butyl 4-amino-l -piperidinecarboxylate was substituted for methylamine in step 1 of that sequence, and (propargyl-NH)AlMeCl was substituted for MeAlCI(NH-iPr) in step 2 of that sequence. LCMS: 510.8 (M+l )+.
Step 2
Figure imgf000149_0002
2-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-piperidin-4-yl-3H-imidazoI-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid prop-2- ynylamide:
To a stirred solution of 4-[4-(4-fiuoro-phenyl)-5-(4-prop-2-ynylcarbamoyl-thiazol-2-yI)- imidazol-l -yl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (56 mg, 0.1 1 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) at room temperature was added trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL). After 1 hr, TLC analysis revealed the disappearance of the BOC starting material. The reaction was diluted with DCM (100 mL) and toluene (50 mL) and concentrated to dryness in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by automated Cl 8 reverse phase semi-preparative HPLC to afford the title compound (50 mg, mono-TFA salt) as a tan semi-solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.53 (s, I H), 8.33 (s, I H), 7.47 (m, 2H), 7.21 (m, 2H), 5.07 (m, 1 H), 4.21 (d, 2H), 3.59 (d, 2H), 3.21 (m, 2H), 2.65 (m, 1 H), 2.52 (d, 2H), 2.25 (m, 2H). LCMS: 410.6 (M+l )\ EXAMPLE 93
Figure imgf000150_0001
2-{5-(4-FIuoi o-phenyl)-3-|l-(2-hydroxy-acetyl)-piperidin-4-yl|-3H-imidazoI-4-yl}-thiazole-4- carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
To a stirred solution of 2-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-piperidin-4-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4- carboxylic acid isopropylamide (43 mg, 0.10 mmol) and glycolic acid (33 mg, 0.45 mmol) in DCM (2 mL), at room temperature, was added N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-"N'-ethylcarbodiirnide hydrochloride (EDC, 93 mg, 0.50 mmol). After 1 hour, LC/MS analysis revealed the disappearance of starting material. The crude mixture was concentrated in vacuo, redissolved in MeOH (3 mL) and LiOH (1 mL of a IN aqueous solution), and stirred for an additional 30 min. The pH was adjusted to pH~6 via the addition of IN HCl, and the resulting mixture was concentrated to dryness in vacuo and purified by automated Cl 8 reverse phase semi-preparative HPLC to afford the title compound (38 mg, 81 %) as an off white solid. LCMS: 472.1 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 94
Figure imgf000150_0002
2-{5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-[l-(2-hydroxy-acetyI)-piperidin-4-yl|-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-thiazole-4- carboxylic acid prop-2-ynylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 2-{5-(4-fiuoro-phenyl)-3-[l-(2-hydroxy- acetyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide, where 2-[5-(4- fluoiO-phenyl)-3-piperidin-4-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid prop-2-ynylamide was substituted for 2-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-piperidin-4-yI-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide in that reaction. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.96 (s, 1 H), 8.39 (s, 1 H), 7.51 (m, 2H), 7.24 (m, 2H), 5.07 (m, IH), 4.70 (d, 1 H), 4.27 (d, 2H), 4.21 (d, 2H), 3.92 (d, 1 H), 3.19 (m, 1 H), 2.83 (m, 1 H), 2.66 (m, 1 H), 2.40 (m, 2H), 2.00 (m, 2H). LCMS: 468.3 (M+l )+.
EXAMPLE 95
Figure imgf000151_0001
2-|5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-piperidin-4-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid:
Step 1
Figure imgf000151_0002
4-[5-(4-EthoxycarbonyI-thiazol-2-yl)-4-(4-fIuoro-phenyI)-imidazol-l-yl|-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 2-[5-(4-fluoiO-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol- 4-yI]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, prepared as described in step 1 of Example 86, where tert- butyl 4-amino-l -piperidinecarboxylate was substituted for methylamine in that sequence. ' H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.12 (s, I H), 7.75 (s, I H), 7.46 (m, 2H), 7.08 (m, 2H), 4.85 (m, I H), 4.44 (q, 2H), 4.30 (m, 2H), 2.83 (m, 2H), 2.20 (m, 2H), 1.83 (m, 2H), 1.49 (s, 9H), 1.43 (t, 3H). LCMS: 501.3 (M+l)+.
Figure imgf000152_0001
4-|5-(4-Carboxy-thiazol-2-yl)-4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-imidazol-l-yll-piperidine-l-carboxyIic acid tert- butyl ester:
To a stirred solution of 4-[5-(4-ethoxycarbonyl-thiazol-2-yl)-4-(4-fiuoro-phenyl)-imidazoI-l- yl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (1 12 mg, 0.22 mmol) in MeOH (1 niL), at room temperature was added LiOH (330 μL of a IN aqueous solution, 0.33 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature and monitored by TLC for the disappearance of starting material. Upon completion, the reaction was neutralized with HCl (330 μL of a IN aqueous solution, 0.33 mmol) and concentrated to dryness in vacuo to afford the title compound (100 mg, 97%) as a tan solid that was determined to be suitably pure by LCMS to carry on to the next step. LCMS: 473.2 (M+1)+.
Step 3
Figure imgf000152_0002
2-(5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-piperidin-4-yl-3H-imidazoI-4-yI|-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid: To a stirred solution of 4-[5-(4-carboxy-thiazol-2-yl)-4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-irnidazol-l-yl]- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (100 mg, 0.21 mmol) in DCM (1.0 niL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (2.0 mL of a 25% solution in DCM). After 45 min, LCMS analysis of the reaction mixture revealed disappearance of starting material, and significant conversion to the title compound. The reaction was diluted with DCM (100 mL) and toluene (50 mL) and concentrated to dryness in vacuo. The crude residue was then purified by automated Cl 8 reverse phase semi-preparative HPLC to afford the title compound (78 mg, 76%, mono TFA salt) as a colorless solid. ' H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 9.12 (s, 1 H), 8.47 (s, 1 H), 7.58 (m, 2H), 7.28 (m, 2H), 5.28 (m, 1 H), 3.59 (d, 2H), 3.29 (m, 2H), 2.61 (d, 2H), 2.35 (m, 2H). LCMS: 373.4 (M+1)\ Synthesis of Imidazopyiϊmidine Thiazole terphenyls SCHEME XIV
Figure imgf000153_0001
Figure imgf000153_0002
EXAMPLE 96
Figure imgf000153_0003
2-|2-Amino-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl|-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide
Step 1 :
Figure imgf000153_0004
2-(4-AcetyI-thiazol-2-yl)-2-bromo-l-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethanone: A 500 ml round bottom flask was charged with ethyl 2-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyI) thiazole-4-carboxylate (14 g, 43.0 mmol) (prepared as described in step 3 of Example 61 ), CCI4 (200 ml), NBS (7.65 g, 43.0 mmol), and AIBN (0.8 g, 4.87mmol). The resulting solution was refluxed under light from a mercury vapor lamp for 2 hours. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc/PE = 1 :2). Work-up: the mixture was washed with water (4 x 100 ml), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated to a red oil; giving 16.46 g of product (91% yield).
Step 2:
Figure imgf000154_0001
l-{2-|2-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-imidazo |l,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl|-thiazol-4-yl}-ethanone:
A 250 ml round bottom flask was charged with 2-(4-Acetyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2-bromo-l -(4-fluoro- phenyl)-ethanone (5 g, 12.1 mmol), EtOH (120 ml), and pyrimidin-2-ylamine (3.45 g, 36.3 mmol). The solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction temperature was then raised to 40 0C, where it stirred for an additional 24 hours. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (1 :10=MeOH/DCM). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, dissolved in water (30 ml), extracted with Et2θ, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated. The crude material was purified via column chromatography (1 :50,l :20, and 1 :5=EtOAc/PE), giving yellow solid (1 g, 22% yield).
Step 3:
Figure imgf000154_0002
2-|2-Amino-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3H-imidazoI-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide A 10 ml sealed tube was charged with l-{2-[2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-imidazo [1 ,2-a]pyrimidin-3- yl]-thiazol-4-yl}-ethanone (200 mg, 0.53 mmol) and isopropylamine (5 ml). The solution was stirred at 60 0C, overnight. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (1 : 10=MeOH/DCM). Workup: the mixture was concentrated purified by column chromatography (1 :50-l :40=MeOH/DCM), giving a yellow solid (30 mg, 16% yield) 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.95 (m, 3H), 7.23 (m, 2H), 3.97 (m, I H), 1.15 (d, 6H). EXAMPLE 97
Figure imgf000155_0001
2-|2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-imidazo|l,2-a)pyrimidin-3-yll-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
Stepl :
Figure imgf000155_0002
2-[2-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-imidazo[l,2-a|pyrimidin-3-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid: A 50 ml round bottom flask, was charged with 1 -{2-[2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-imidazo [1 ,2- a]pyrimidin-3-yI]-thiazol-4-yl}-ethanone (480 mg, 1.27 mmol), (prepared as described in step 2, of Example 96), ethanol (30 ml), and a solution of potassium hydroxide (210 mg, 3.75 mmol) dissolved in H2O (10 ml). The solution was refluxed for 20 minutes, and the reaction progress was monitored by TLC (1."1O=MeOHZDCM). The mixture was concentrated, dissolved in 30 ml of water, and acidified to pH=6 with 3M HCl (aq). A yellow solid crashed out of solution and was isolated via filtration (0.4 g, 84% yield).
Step 2:
Figure imgf000155_0003
2-|2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-imidazo| l,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]-thiazole-4-carbonyl chloride: A 50 ml round bottom flask was charged with 2-[2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-imidazo[l ,2-a]pyrimidin- 3-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (400 mg, 1.06 mmol), DCM (30 ml), and oxalyl chloride (1.34 g, 10.5 mmol). To this solution, DMF (two drops) was added. The reaction stirred for 2.5 hours at room temperature. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (1 :10=MeOH/DCM). The mixture was concentrated giving 0.3 g of product (71 % yield), as a red solid.
Step3:
Figure imgf000156_0001
2-|2-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-imidazo|l,2-a|pyrimidin-3-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
A 50 ml round-bottom flask was charged with 2-[2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-imidazo [1 ,2-a] pyrimidin-3-yl]-thiazole-4-carbonyl chloride (300 mg, 0.75 mmol), DCM (30 ml), and isopropylamine (2 ml). The reaction stirred at room temperature for 0.5 hours, and the progress was monitored by TLC (1 : 10=MeOH/DCM). The mixture was washed with water; extracted with DCM1 dried over MgSO^ and concentrated. The crude material was purified via column chromatography (1 :100,
1 :200=MeOH/DCM), giving 120 mg of a yellow solid (38% yield). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 9.52 (bs, 1 H), 8.78 (bs, 1 H), 8.10 (s, 1 H), 7.75 (m, 2H), 7.16 (s, 4H), 6.98 (bs,l H), 4.35 (m, 1 H), 3.84 (m, 1 H), 1.35 (d, 6H),1.30 (d,3H), 1.20 (d, 3H), 0.88 (m, 1 H).
EXAMPLE 2158
Figure imgf000156_0002
2-|5-(4-FIuoiO-plienyl)-2-methyl-3H-iniidazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide: A l O ml sealed tube was charged with 2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl]-thiazoIe-
4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (600 mg, 1.02 mmol, described in step 9 of example 80) and isopropylamine (5 ml). The resulting solution was stirred for 6 hours at 50 0C. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (CH2Cl2/Me0H = 10:1 ). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography with a 40:1 CH2Cl2/Me0H, yielding 80 mg (21%) of product as a light yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 7.96 (s, I H), 7.70 (m, 2H), 7.17 (m, 2H), 4.25 (m, I H). 2.74 (s, 3H), 1.19 (d, 6H).
EXAMPLE 2159
Figure imgf000157_0001
2-[4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-oxazol-5-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid amide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 2-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-morpholin-4- ylmethyl-3H-irnidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide (example 38), where ammonium hydroxide was substituted for isopropylamine in step 7 of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Acetone db) δ: 8.42 (m, 2H), 8.32 (s, 1 H), 7.27 (m, 2H), 2.59 (s, 3H).
EXAMPLE 2160
Figure imgf000157_0002
2-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-piperidin-4-yl-isoxazol-4-yl]-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
Step 1
Figure imgf000158_0001
4-|3-(4-Fluora-phenyI)-4-(4-isopropylcarbamoyI-oxazol-2-yl)-isoxazol-5-yl|-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
A flask equipped with a reflux condensor was charged with ethyl 4-ethynyl-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (174 mg, 1.0 mmol, prepared as described in J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47, 31 1 1-3130), 4-Fluoro-benzaldehyde chloro-oxime (347 mg, 1.0 mmol, prepared as described in step 2 of example 27), and Et3N/Et2θ (1 :3v/v, 5 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 24 hours at 50 °C. Reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, dissolved in DMF, and purified by RPHPLC, giving 70 mg of the title compound, 6% yield.
Step 2
Figure imgf000158_0002
4-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-(4-isopropylcarbamoyl-oxazol-2-yI)-isoxazol-5-yl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
A vial was charged with 4-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-(4-isopropylcarbamoyl-oxazol-2-yl)- isoxazoI-5-yl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (70 mg, 0.144 mmol), MeAlCl(NH-ispropyl) (430 μL of 0.67 M solution, prepared as described in Synthetic Communications, 12 (13), 989-993 (1982)), and toluene (430 μL). The resulting solution stirred for 1.5 hours at 80 °C. Reaction progress was monitored by HPLC. Work-up: the reaction was diluted with DCM (20 mL), and stirred with OHoO (I g) for lhr, then filtered, and concentrated to give 66 mg of crude product, which was used in the next step without further purification.
Step 3
Figure imgf000159_0001
2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-5-piperidin-4-yl-isoxazol-4-yI]-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide
A flask was charged with 4-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-(4-isopropylcarbamoyl-oxazol-2-yl)- isoxazol-5-yl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (66 mg, 0.132 mmol), and 30% TFA/CH2CI2 (3 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. Reaction progress was monitored by LCMS. Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, dissolved in DMF, and purified by RPHPLC, giving 30 mg of the title compound as a pale yellow oil, 52% yield for two steps. ' H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 9.28 (bs, 1 H), 8.96 (bs, 1 H), 8.27 (s, 1 H), 7.59 (m, 2H), 7.18 (m, 2H), 6.65 (d, 2H), 6.09 (bs, 2H), 4.21 (m, 1 H), 3.75 (bm, 1 H), 3.65 (bm, 2H), 3.23 (bm, 2H), 2.32 (bm, 4H), 1.25 (d, 6H).
EXAMPLE 2161
Figure imgf000159_0002
2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-l-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethyI)-5-methyI-l H-pyrazoI-4-yl|-thiazoIe-4- carbaldehyde:
Figure imgf000160_0001
{2-|3-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-l-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethyl)-5-methyl-lH-pyrazol-4-yl]-thiazol-4-yI}- methanol A 100 ml roundbottom flask was charged with 2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-l -(2-methoxy- ethoxymethyl)-5-methyl-l H-pyrazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (10.3 g, 24.6 mmol, prepared as described in step 8 of example 79) and THF (80 ml). The resulting solution was cooled to 0 0C, and LiAlH4 (1.87 g, 49.2 mmol) was added in several batches. The resulting solution was stirred for 1 hour d at room temperature. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (CH2CUZMeOH = 15:1). Work- up: the reaction mixture was diluted with 50 ml of H2O/ice, extracted withl 00 ml of EtOAc, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated to a yellow oil (9.28 g), and used without further purification.
Step 2
Figure imgf000160_0002
2-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-l-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethyl)-5-methyl-lH-pyi azol-4-yI|-thiazole-4- carbaldehyde
A round bottom flask was charged with {2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-l-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethyl)- 5-methyl-l H-pyrazol-4-yl]-thiazol-4-yl] -methanol (9.28 g, 24.62 mmol), CHCl3 (100 ml), and PCC (10.61 g, 49.22 mmol) in several batches. The resulting solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (CH2Cl2/Me0H = 15:1). The residue was purified by column chromatography with a 1000:1 CH2Cl2/MeOH solvent system, resulting in 4.2 g (45.7%) of the title compound as yellow-green oil. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 10.03 (s, 1 H), 7.93 (s, 1 H), 7.18 (m, 3H), 5.28 (s, 2H), 3.94 (s, 2H), 3.50 (s, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 2.63 (s, 3H). EXAMPLE 2162
Figure imgf000161_0001
2-|5-(4-Chloro-pheπyl)-3-piperidin-4-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yll-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 2-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-piperidin-4-yl-3H- imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide, example 91. 1H NMR (400 MHz, d4- Methanol) δ: 8.41 (s, I H), 8.31 (s, I H), 7.43 (s, 4H), 4.87 (s, 2H), 4.24 (m, I H), 3.58 (d, 2H), 3.33 (d, 2H), 3.18 (t, 2H), 2.50 (d, 2H), 2.24 (m, 2H), 1.24 (d, 6H).
EXAMPLE 2163
Figure imgf000161_0002
2-15-(4-Chloro-phenyI)-3-piperidin-4-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yI|-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
A round bottom flask was charged with 2-[5-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-3-piperidin-4-yl-3H-imidazol- 4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide (43 mg, 0.065 mmol), DMF (0.5 mL), acetic anhydride (12.3 μL, 0.13 mmol) and Et3N (36 μL, 0.26 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. Work-up: the crude reaction was purified by RPHPLC, giving the title compound as a white solid (30 mg, 84%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, d4-Methanol) δ: 8.70 (s, 1 H), 8.34 (s, 1 H), 7.44 (s, 4H), 4.88 (s, 2H), 4.70 (m, 1 H), 4.23 (m, 1 H), 4.07 (m, 1 H), 3.25 (m, 1 H), 2.70 (m, 1 H), 2.27 (m, 2H), 2.14 (s, 1 H), 1.96 (bm, 2H), 1.20 (d, 6H).
EXAMPLE 2164
Figure imgf000162_0001
2-|3-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-5-(l-methanesulfonyI-piperidin-4-yI)-lH-pyrazoI-4-yl|-thiazoIe-4- carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
A round bottom flask was charged with 2-[3-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-5-piperidin-4-yl-l H-pyrazol-4-yl]- thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide (67.5 mg, 0.15 mmol, described in example 61), NMP (0.5 mL), MeSO2Cl (17.5 μL, 0.23 mmol) and N-methylmorpholine (49.5 μL, 0.45 mmol). The resulting solution was at room temperature. LCMS after 30 min showed bis acylation. The reaction was treated with NaOH (aqueous syrup, 250 μL). LCMS after 30 min shows mainly product. Work-up: the reaction was acidified with IN HCl, extracted with CH2Cl2 (10 x 5 mL), concentrated, and purified by RPHPLC, giving the title compound (30 mg, 39%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, d4-Methanol) δ: 8.70 (s, 1 H), 8.34 (s, 1 H), 7.44 (s, 4H), 4.88 (s, 2H), 4.70 (m, 1 H), 4.23 (m, 1 H), 4.07 (m, 1 H), 3.25 (m, 1 H), 2.70 (m, 1 H), 2.27 (m, 2H), 2.14 (s, 1 H), 1.96 (bm, 2H), 1.20 (d, 6H).
EXAMPLE 2165
Figure imgf000162_0002
2-{3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-[l-(2-hydroxy-propionyl)-piperidin-4-yl|-lH-pyrazol-4-yl}-thiazole-4- carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 62, where (s)-(-) acetic acid-1 - chlorocarbonyl-ethyl ester (42.0μL) was substituted for acetoxy acetyl hydrochloride. (98 mg, 67% yield, calculated as TFA salt). 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-dmso): δ 8.13 (s, 1 H), 7.62 (d, 1 H), 7.51 (m, 2H), 7.28 (m, 2H), 4.53 (m, 3H), 4.06 (m, 4H), 3.40 (m, 1 H), 3.07 (m, 1 H), 2.66 (m, 1 H), 2.49 (m, 1 H), 1.93 (m, 3H), 1.65 (m, 3H), 1.20 (m, 3H), 1.15 (d, 6H). LCMS: 487.05 (M+l )+.
EXAMPLE 2166
Figure imgf000163_0001
2-{3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-|l-(2-hydroxy-2-methyI-propionyI)-piperidin-4-yl| -lH-pyrazoM-ylJ-thiazole^-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 62, where acetic acid-1 - chlorocarbonyl-1 -methyl-ethyl ester (48.0μL) was substituted for acetoxy acetyl hydrochloride. (94.7 mg, 65% yield, calculated as TFA salt). 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-dmso): δ 8.13 (s, I H), 7.61 (d, I H), 7.48 (m, 2H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 4.81 (m, 1 H), 4.45 (m, 1 H), 4.03 (m, 2H), 3.37 (m, 2H), 2.95 (m, 1 H), 2.42 (m, I H), 1.92 (m, 3H), 1.64 (m, 3H), 1.31 (d, 6H), 1.15 (d, 6H). LCMS: 500.71 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 2167
Figure imgf000163_0002
2-|5-(l-Acetyl-piperidin-4-yI)-3-(4-fluoro-phenyI)-lH-pyrazol-4-yl|-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
A 10OmL flask was charged with 2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-piperidin-4-yl-l H-pyrazoI-4-yl]- thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide (100.0 mg, 0.24 mmol, prepared as described in step 10 of Example 47), DCM (0.8 mL), Et3N (0.17 mL, 1.2 mmol), and acetic anhydride (22.7 μL). The solution was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature, and reaction progress was monitored by LC/MS. Workup: the crude mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with water, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated to yield a solid. This material was purified via HPLC to yield 55.0 mg of product (50 % yield, calculated as TFA salt). 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-dmso): 8.13 (s, I H), 7.61 (m, 2H), 7.50 (m, 2H), 7.26 (d, 3H), 4.48 (m, 1 H), 3.87 (m, 1 H), 3.36 (m, 2H), 2.42 (m,l H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.90 (m, 2H), 1.15 (d, 6H). LCMS: 457.13 (M+l )+.
EXAMPLE 2168
Figure imgf000164_0001
2-(3-(4-Fluoi*o-phenyl)-5-{l-|2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-acetyl|-piperidin-4-yl}-lH-pyrazol-4-yI)- thiazoIe-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 62, where (2-Methoxy-ethoxy)- acetyl chloride (36.7 μL) was substituted for acetic anhydride, yielding 55.7 mg of product (53% yield, calculated as TFA salt). 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-dmso): δ 8.13 (s, 1 H), 7.68 (m, 2H), 7.49 (m, 2H), 7.26 (m, 3H), 4.18 (m, 2H), 4.12 (m, 4H), 3.58 (m, I H), 3.48(m, 2H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 2.67 (m, 2H), 2.37 (m, 2H), 1.91 (m, 4H), 1.78 (m, I H), 1.18 (d, 6H). LCMS: 531.79 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 2169
Figure imgf000164_0002
2-{3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-|l-(pyridine-2-carbonyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-lH-pyrazol-4-yl}-thiazoIe-4- carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 62 where pyridine-2-carbonyl chloride HCl salt (43.0 mg) was substituted for acetic anhydride, yielding 38.0 mg of product (34% yield, calculated as TFA salt). 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-dmso): δ 8.58 (d,l H), 8.13 (s, 1 H), 7.92 (m, 1 H), 7.61 (m, I H), 7.54 (d, 2H), 7.47 (m, 2H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 4.63 (m, I H), 4.03 (m, 2H), 3.72 (m, 2H), 3.13 (m, I H), 2.89 (m, I H), 2.76 (m, I H), 2.12 (m, I H), 1.85 (m, I H), 1.77 (m, I H), 1.15 (d, 6H). LCMS: 520.85 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 2170
Figure imgf000165_0001
2-|5-(l-Benzoyl-piperidin-4-yI)-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-l H-pyrazol-4-yI|-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 62 where benzoyl chloride (26 μL) was substituted for acetic anhydride, yielding 60.0 mg of product (59% yield, calculated as TFA salt). 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-dmso): δ 8.14 (s, 1 H), 7.62 (m, 1 H), 7.49 (m, 3H), 7.43 (d, 4H), 7.39 (m, 3H), 7.23 (m, 2H), 4.03 (m, I H), 3.67 (m, I H), 3.37 (s, I H), 2.37 (m, I H), 2.05 (m, I H) 1.78 (m, I H), 1.15 (d, 6H). LCMS: 518.87 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 2171
Figure imgf000165_0002
2-|5-[l-(4-Cyano-benzoyI)-piperidin-4-yl|-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-lH-pyrazol-4-yll-thiazoIe-4- carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 62 where 4-cyano benzoyl chloride (44.0 mg) was substituted for acetic anhydride, yielding 72.6 mg of product (55% yield, calculated as TFA salt). 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-dmso): δ 8.14 (s, 1 H), 7.93 (d, 2H), 7.63 (d, 1 H), 7.58 (d, 2H), 7.50 (d, 2H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 4.57 (m, 1 H), 4.03 (m, 1 H), 3.52 (m,l H), 3.44 (m,1 H), 3.32 (m, 1 H), 2.92 (m,l H), 2.03 (m, I H), 1.83 (m, I H), 1.76 (m, I H), 1.15 (d, 6H). LCMS: 543.44 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 2172
Figure imgf000166_0001
4-|5-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-4-(4-isopropyl-carbamoyl-thiazol-2-yI)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl|- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 62, where methyl chloroformate
(17.6μL, 0.24 mmol) was substituted for acetic anhydride (60 mg, 59% yield, calculated as TFA salt). 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-dmso): δ 8.13 (s, 1 H), 7.60 (d, 1 H), 7.49 (m, 2H), 7.23 (m, 2H), 4.04 (m, 3H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.31 (m, 1 H), 2.87 (m, 2H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.66 (m, 2H), 1.15 (d, 6H). LCMS: 472.07 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 2173
Figure imgf000166_0002
2-{3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-[l-(2-methoxy-acetyl)-piperidin-4-yl|-lH-pyrazol-4-yl} - thiazole -4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 62, where methoxy-acetyl chloride (20.0 μL) was substituted for acetic anhydride, yielding 50.3 mg of product (51% yield, calculated as TFA salt). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, d6-dmso): δ 8.13 (s, I H), 7.61 (m, 2H), 7.50 (m, 4H), 7.25 (d, 3H), 4.43 (m,2H), 4.1 1 (m, 2H), 4.03 (m, 4H), 3.84 (m, 2H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.06 (m, 2H), 2.64 (m, 2H), 2.39 (m, I H), 1.91 (m, 4H), 1.60 (m, 3H), 1.16 (d, 6H). LCMS: 487.11 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 2174
Figure imgf000167_0001
2-{3-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-5-|l-(2,2,2-trifluoro-acetyl)-piperidin-4-yI|-lH- pyrazol-4-yI}-thiazole-4- carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 62, where TFA anhydride (31.0 μL) was substituted for acetic anhydride, yielding 60 mg of product. (59% yield, calculated as TFA salt). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, d6-dmso): δ 8.13 (s, I H), 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.49 (m, 2H), 7.28 (d, 3H), 4.48 (m, I H), 3.87 (m, I H), 3.36 (m, 2H), 2.42 (m,l H), 1.91 (m, 2H), 1.16 (d, 6H). LCMS: 51 1.07 (M+l)\
EXAMPLE 2175
Figure imgf000167_0002
2-{3-(4-FluoiO-phenyl)-5-[l-(lH-imidazole-2-carboπyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-lH-pyrazol-4-yI}-thiazole- 4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
An 8 ml vial was charged with 2-[3-(4-FIuoiO-phenyl)-5-piperidin-4-yl-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl]- thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide (82.6 mg, 0.20 mmol), DCM (0.8 ml), DIEA (0.17ml, 1.0 mmol), EDC (46mg, 0.24mmol), and l H-imidizole-2-carboxylic acid. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 3 days, and was monitored by LC/MS. Workup: the crude mixture was diluted with
EtOAc, and was washed once with I M HCL (50 ml). The aqueous phase was washed twice with ethyl acetate, and the organics were combined, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated. The title compound was purified via reverse phase HPLC to yield 24.3 mg of product (24%, calculated as TFA salt). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, d6-dmso): δ 8.30 (s, 1 H), 8.15 (s, 1 H), 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.50 (m, 2H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.20 (m, 1 H), 4.03 (m, I H), 3.67 (m, 2H), 2.48 (m, I H), 2.01 (m, I H), 1.15 (d, 6H). LCMS: 518.87 (M+l)\
EXAMPLE 2176
Figure imgf000168_0001
2-{3-(4-FIuoπ)-phenyI)-5-|l-(2-oxo-propionyI)-piperidin-4-yI]-l H-pyrazoI-4-yl}-thiazoIe-4- carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 62, where 2-oxo-propionic acid (16.7 μL) was substituted for 1 H-imidizole-2-carboxylic acid. The compound was purified via reverse phase HPLC to yield 20.1 mg of product (22%, calculated as TFA salt). 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-dmso): δ 8.14 (s, I H), 7.65 (m, 2H), 7.50 (m, 3H), 7.26 (m, 3H), 4.32 (m, 2H), 4.03 (m, 2H), 3.66 (m, 2H), 2.80 (m, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 1.94 (m, 3H), 1.78 (m, 1 H), 1.67 (m, 2H), 1.15 (d, 6H). LCMS: 484.45 (M+l )+.
EXAMPLE 2177
Figure imgf000168_0002
2-|5-[l-(2-AcetyIamino-acetyI)-piperidin-4-yl]-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-lH-pyrazol-4-yll-thiazole-4- carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 62, where acetylamino-acetic acid (28.1 mg ) was substituted for 1 H-imidizole-2-carboxylic acid. The title compound was purified via reverse phase HPLC to yield 56.5 mg of product (58 % yield, calculated as TFA salt). 1H NMR (400
MHz, d6-dmso): δ 8.13 (s, 1 H), 7.95 (t, 1 H), 7.61 (d, 1 H), 7.51 (m, 2H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 4.46 (d, 1 H), 4.07 (m, 1 H), 3.93 (m, 2H), 3.88 (m, 1 H), 3.37 (m, 1 H), 3.09 (m, 1 H), 2.66 (m, 1 H), 1.94 (d, 1 H), 1.86 (s, 3H), 1.74 (m, I H), 1.60 (m, I H), 1.15 (d, 6H). LCMS: 513.65 (MH-I)+.
EXAMPLE 2178
Figure imgf000169_0001
2-{3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-|l-(pyridine-4-carbonyl)-piperidin-4-yJl-lH- pyrazol-4-yl}-thiazole-4- carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 62, where isonicotinic acid (14.8 mg) was substituted for 1 H-imidizole-2-carboxylic acid. The title compound was purified via reverse phase HPLC to yield 34.8 mg of product (% yield, calculated as TFA salt). 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-dmso): δ 8.76 (m, 3H), 8.13 (s, I H), 7.64 (d, I H), 7.57 (m, 3H), 7.49 (m, 3H), 7.25 (m, 3H), 4.56 (d, 2H), 4.04 (m, 2H), 3.46 (m, 3 H), 3.19 (m, I H), 2.91 (m, I H), 2.36 (m, I H), 2.05 (m, I H), 1.84 (m, 1 H), 1.76 (m, 2H), 1.15 (d, 6H). LCMS: 520.85 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 2179
Figure imgf000169_0002
2-{3-(4-FIuoro-phenyI)-5-|l-(pyridine-3-carbonyl)-piperidin-4-yl|- 1 H-pyrazoI-4-yl}-thiazole-4- carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to Example 62, where nicotinic acid (123 mg ) was substituted for 1 H-imidazole-2-carboxylic acid. The compound was purified via reverse phase HPLC to yield 64 mg of product (58 % yield, calculated as TFA salt). 1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-dmso): δ 9.47 (m, 2H), 8.95 (s, 1 H), 8.70 (d, 1 H), 8.44 (d, 1 H), 8.35 (m, 1 H), 8.31 (m, 2H), 8.07 (m, 2H), 5.39 (m,2H), 4.82 (m, 1 H), 4.44 (m, 2H), 4.24(m, 1 H), 4.03 (m, 1 H), 3.67 (m, 1 H), 3.33 (s, 1 H), 2.86 (m, 1 H), 2.68 (m, 1 H), 2.57 (m, 2H), 1.96 (d, 6H). LCMS: 520.89 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 2180
Figure imgf000170_0001
2-|4-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrazoI-3-yl]-thiazoIe-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide:
Step !
HO^NH2
2-Hydroxythioacetamide: A l 000 mL 3-necked round bottom flask was charged with hydroxy-acetonitrile ( 100 g, 964.91 mmol). To this was added H2S (32.8 g, 964.71 mmol). The resulting mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. The mixture was then concentrated in vacuo to afford 84 g (96%) of 2- hydroxythioacetamide as yellow solid. This product was used without further purification.
Step 2
Figure imgf000170_0002
2-HydiOxymethylthiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester:
A 500 mL round bottom flask was charged with a solution of 2-hydroxythioacetamide (30 g, 263.74 mmol) in EtOH (150 mL). To this mixture was added 3-bromo-2-oxopropionic acid ethyl ester (96 g, 492.31 mmol). The resulting solution was allowed to reflux for 1.5 h. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (CH2Cl2 : MeOH = 10:1). The mixture was the concentrated in vacuo to give a residue that was purified by a column chromatography eluted with a 100:1 CH2CI2ZMeOH affording 35 g (64%) of 2-hydroxymethyl thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester a pale yellow solid. MS: 188 [M+H]1
Step 3
Figure imgf000171_0001
ThiazoIe-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 4-ethyl ester:
A 250 ml round bottom flask was charged with a solution of 2-hydroxymethyl thiazole-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester (5 g, 26.74 mmol) in water (20 mL) followed by the addition 150 mL aqueous solution of KMnO4 (7.0 g, 44.30 mmol) drop wise at room temperature over 4 hours. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (CH2Cl2)CH3OH = 8: 1). The pH was adjusted to 8-9 by the addition of K.2CO3. The mixture was filtered off and washed with water (2 x 20 mL). The filtrate was extracted with CHCl3 (5 x 30 mL). The combined aqueous layers was added cone. HCl to adjust the pH to 2-3. The resulting solution was extracted with CHCl3 (5 x 30 mL), the combined organic layers were concentrated in vacuo to afford 3.6 g (67%) of thiazole-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 4-ethyl ester as a white solid. This was used without further purification.
Step 4
Figure imgf000171_0002
2-[2-Ethoxycarbonyl-2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-acetyll-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester:
A 250 mL round bottom flask was charged with a solution of thiazole-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 4- ethyl ester (2.01 g, 10.00 mmol) in DMF (40 mL). To this was added carbonyldiimidazole (1.8 g, 11.25 mmol). The mixture was heated to 80-900C. The disappearance of starting material was monitored by TLC (CH2Cl2ICH3OH = 10:1 ). Then, the flask was cooled down to room temperature. To this was added ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (2.0 g, 10.99 mmol) followed by addition of "NaH (1.4 g, 35.00 mmol) at -25 0C. The resulting solution was allowed stir at this temperature for 15 min. Then, the flask was warmed up to room temperature and allowed stir for 2 hours. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc :PE = 1 :4). The mixture was quenched by 100 mL ice water. The pH was adjusted to 5-6 with cone. HCl. The mixture was then rinsed into a separatory funnel and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 niL) and dried over Na2SO4. The combined organic layers were concentrated in vacuo to afford a residue that was purified by a column chromatography eluted with EtOAc/PE = 1 :20. This resulted in 2.1 g (57%) of 2-[2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-acetyl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as a white solid. This was used without further purification. MS: 366 [M+H]+
Step 5
Figure imgf000172_0001
2-[4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrazoI-3-yI|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: A 50 mL round bottom flask was charged with solution of 2-[2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-(4-fluoro- phenyl)-acetyl]-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid ethyl ester (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) in AcOH (10 mL). To the mixture was added hydrazine hydrate (40 mg, 0.64 mmol). The resulting solution was allowed to reflux until the progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (CH2Cl2 : CH3OH = 15: 1). The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The final product was purified by recrystallized from EtOAc to afford 60 mg (66%) of 2-[4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-l H-pyrazol-3-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester as a white solid. This was used without further purification.
Step 6
Figure imgf000172_0002
2-|4-(4-FluoiO-phenyI)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydiO-lH-pyrazol-3-yI]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropyl amide: A 10 mL sealed tube was charged with 2-[4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-l H-pyrazol-3- yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (160 mg, 0.48 mmol). To this was added propan-2-amine (6 mL). The resulting solution was allowed to reflux for 48 h. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (CH2Cl2 : CH3OH = 10:1). The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford a residue that was purified by column chromatography eluted with a 99:1 CH2Cl2/Me0H. This resulted in 42.4 mg (26%) of 2-[4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropyl amide as a white solid. I H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5:12.70 (s, I H), 8.12 (s, I H), 7.46 (d, 2H), 7.22 (d, 2H), 6.89 (d, I H, ), 4.01(1 H,s), 3.96 (q, I H), 1.11 (d, 6H). MS: 347.0 [M+H]+.
EXAMPLE 2181
Figure imgf000173_0001
2-|4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-yI)-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid isopropyl amide: The title compound was prepared analogously to 2-[4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-
1 H-pyrazol-3-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide, Example 2180,where hydroxylamine hydrochloride was substituted for hydrazine in step 4 of that example. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5:10.94 (s, I H), 8.08 (s, I H), 7.50-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.16 (m, 2H), 6.81 (d, I H, ), 3.94-3.87 (m, I H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.31 (br, s, 1 H), 1.06 (d, 6H). MS: 359.10 [M+H]+.
EXAMPLE 2182
Figure imgf000173_0002
2-[4-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-2-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrazol-3-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropyl amide:
Step !
Figure imgf000174_0001
2-|4-(4-fluoiO-phenyl)-2-methyI-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrazoI-3-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl:
A 50 ml 3-neck.ed round bottom flask was charged with a solution of 2-[2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-(4- fluoro-phenyl)-acetyl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (250 mg, 0.65 mmol, described in step 4 of Example 2180 in EtOH (15 ml) followed by the addition of CH3NHNHBoC (200 mg, 1.38 mmol) in EtOH (5 ml) drop wise at -20 0C. The resulting solution was allowed to stir at room temperature for 5 hours. To the mixture was added 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (50 mg, 0.29 mmol) and allowed to reflux for overnight. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (CHaCVMeOH = 15: 1). The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford 60 mg (25%) of the title compound as a yellow solid. ' H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ: 8.39 (s, H), 7.59 (t, 2H), 7.13 (t, 2H), 4.23 (q, 2H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 1.26 (t, 3H).
Step 2
Figure imgf000174_0002
2-|4-(4-fluoro-phenyI)-2-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-l H-pyrazol-3-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropyl amide: A IO mL sealed tube was charged with 2-[4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-l H- pyrazol-3-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl (60 mg, 0.16 mmol) and isopropylamine (3 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at 65 0C for 20 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (CH2Cl2/Me0H = 15:1). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford a residue that was purified by column chromatography eluted with 200:1 to 100:1 CH2Cl2ZMeOH gradient solvent system to give 23 mg (39%) of title compound as a yellow solid. ' H "NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ: 10.95 (s, 1 H), 8.07 (s, 1 H), 7.49 (t, 2H), 7.19 (t, 2H), 6.81 (d, 1 H), 3.91 (q, 1 H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 1.06 (d, 6H); MS: 360 [M+H]+.
EXAMPLE 2183
Figure imgf000175_0001
4-[4-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-5-(4-isopropyIcarbamoyI-thiazol-2-yl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-pyrazol-l-yl|- piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester:
Figure imgf000175_0002
4-|5-(4-EthoxycarbonyI-thiazol-2-yl)-4-(4-fIuoro-phenyI)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-pyrazol-l-yI|- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester:
A 50 mL round bottom flask was charged with 2-[2-Ethoxycarbonyl-2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)- acetyl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (320 mg, 0.88 mmol, described in step 4 of Example 2180, and acetic acid (20 mL). To this solution was added 4-(N'-tert-butoxycarbonyl-hydrazino)-piperidine-l - carboxylic acid benzyl ester (920 mg, 2.64 mmol, prepared as described in Tetrahedron Letters 2005, 46(46), 7993-7996, J. Deng et. al). The resulting solution was stirred in a 120 0C in a bath of oil overnight. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (CH2Cl2/Me0H = 15:1). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford a residue that was dissolved in 20 mL OfH2O, extracted with CHCl3 (3 x 50 mL), washed with 50 mL of saturated solution of NaHCO3, dried over "Na2SO^ then purified by column chromatography eluted with 500:1 to 150:1 CH2Cl2/Me0H. This resulted in 200 mg (38%) of title compound as a yellow oil. MS: 551 [M+H] 1'.
Step2
Figure imgf000176_0001
^^-(^Fluoro-phenylJ-S^-isopropylcarbamoyl-thiazoI^-y^-S-oxo-I^-dihydro-pyrazoI-l-yll- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester:
A 10 mL sealed tube was charged with a solution of 4-[5-(4-ethoxycarbonyl-thiazol-2-yl)-4-(4- fluoro-phenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-pyrazol-l -yl]-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid benzyl ester (200 mg, 0.33 mmol) and isoproyl amine (6 mL). The resulting solution was allowed to stir at 65 0C for 48 hours. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo to afford a residue that was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluted with 150:1 CH2Cl2/Me0H. This gave 70 mg (37%) of the title compound as white solid. ' HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.58 (m, 1 H), 7.76 (s, 1 H), 7.37 (s, 7H), 7.00 (t, 2H), 6.72 (d, 1 H), 5.09 (d, 2H), 4.46 (s, 1 H), 4.32 (m, 2H), 3.94 (d, 1 H), 2.97 (m, 2H), 2.19 (q, 2H), 2.01 (q, 2H), 1.09 (d, 6H); MS : 562[M-H]+ .
EXAMPLE 2184
Figure imgf000176_0002
2-|5-(l-AcetyI-piperidin-4-yl)-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-isoxazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid isopropylamide:
A 8 mL vial with a pearcable cap was charged with 2-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-piperidin-4-yl- isoxazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide (80 mg, 0.19 mmol) from step 7 of example 13 and dissolved in DCM (1.5 mL). To this solution was added TEA (0.195 mg, 1.9 mmol) followed by acetic anhydride (29 mg, 0.28 mmol) at room temperature. This mixture was allowed to stir at this temperature for 2 h. The conversion was monitored by TLC and/or LCMS. The reaction mixture was then concentrated down to dryness, redissolved in a 1 :1 mixture of MeOH/DMSO (1 mL) and purified by RP Cl 8 column eluted with 20-60% MeCN in water in the presence of 0.1% TFA to afford the product as white solid (28 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ: 8.21 (s, 1 H), 7.57-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.25-
7.21 (m, 2H), 4.65-4.62 (m, IH), 4.21-4.15 (m, I H), 4.09-4.06 (m, I H), 3.74-3.68 (m, I H), 3.30-3.26 (m,
I H), 2.82 (t, I H), 2.15 (s, 3H),2.01-2.04 (m. I H), 2.00-1.79 (m, 2H) 1.25 (d, 6H); LCMS (M+l)+:
457.85.
EXAMPLE 2185
Figure imgf000177_0001
2-|5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-piperidin-4-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxyIic acid (2,2,2- trifluoro-ethyl)-amide
Step 1
Figure imgf000177_0002
4-{4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-|4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethylcarbamoyl)-thiazol-2-yl|-imidazol-l-yI}- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester: To a stirred solution of 4-[5-(4-carboxy-thiazol-2-yl)-4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-imidazol-l-yl]- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid te/t-butyl ester (65 mg, 0.14 mmol, prepared as described in step 2 of example 95) in DCM (2 niL) at room temperature was added 2,2,2-trifiuoroethylamine, l-ethyl-3-[3- (dimethylamino)propyl]-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, 32 mg, 0.17 mmol), and DIEA (61 μL, 0.35 mmol). After 1 hour, the mixture was poured on to a silica gel column, eluting with 70% EtOAc in hexanes to afford the title compound as a colorless solid. LCMS: 554.4 (M+l) .
Figure imgf000178_0001
l-IS-^-Fluoro-pheny^-S-piperidin^-yl-SH-imidazoM-yll-thiazole^-carboxylic acid (2,2,2- trifluoro-ethyl)-amide:
To a stirred solution of 4-{4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyIcarbamoyl)-thiazol-2- yl]-imidazol-l-yl} -piperidine-1 ~carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (6 mg, 0.01 mmol) in DCM (200 μL) at room temperature was added 20% TFA in DCM (1 mL). After 30 min, the reaction was diluted with toluene (10 mL) and concentrated to dryness in vacuo to afford the title compound as a colorless solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.79 (s, 1 H), 8.42 (s, 1 H), 7.51 (m, 2H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 1 H), 5.12 (m, 1 H), 4.15 (m, 2H), 3.60 (m, 2H), 3.17 (t, 2H), 2.52 (d, 2H), 2.30 (m, 2H). LCMS: 454.4 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 2186
Figure imgf000178_0002
2-|3-(4-FIuoiO-phenyl)-l-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethyl)-5-methyl-l H-pyrazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4- carbaldehyde O-methyl-oxime: To a stirred solution of 2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-l -(2-methoxy-ethoxymethyl)-5-methyl-l H- pyrazoI-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde (120 mg, 0.32 mmol, described in Example 2161 in MeOH (0.5 mL) at room temperature was added O-methyl-hydroxylamine hydrochloride (54 mg, 0.64 mmol), sodium sulfate (91 mg, 0.64 mmol) and pyridine (100 μL). After 18 hours, TLC analysis revealed disappearance of starting material. LC/MS analysis confirmed the presence of 2 separable oxime isomers. The mixture was purified via Cl 8 reverse-phase preparatory HPLC (15 min gradient of 30% to 60% ACN in H2O mobile phase with 0.1% TFA), collecting 2~[3-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-l -(2-methoxy- ethoxymethyI)-5-methyl-lH-pyrazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde O-methyl-oxime as the first-eluting peak off of the column. 1H "NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.12 (s, I H), 7.59 (s, I H), 7.51 (m, 2H), 7.24 (m, 2H), 5.27 (s, 2H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.65 (m, 2H), 3.47 (m, 2H), 3.29 (s, 3H), 2.52 (s, 3H). LCMS: 405.2 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 2187
Figure imgf000179_0001
2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-l-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethyl)-5-methyI-l H-pyrazol-4-yl)-thiazoIe-4- carbaldehyde O-methyl-oxime:
To a stirred solution of 2-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-l-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethyl)-5-methyI-l H- pyrazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde (120 mg, 0.32 mmol, described in Example 2161 in MeOH (0.5 mL) at room temperature was added O-methyl-hydroxylamine hydrochloride (54 mg, 0.64 mmol), sodium sulfate (91 mg, 0.64 mmol) and pyridine (100 μL). After 18 hours, TLC analysis revealed disappearance of starting material. LC/MS analysis confirmed the presence of 2 separable oxime isomers. The mixture was purified via Cl 8 reverse-phase preparatory HPLC (15 min gradient of 30% to 60% ACN in H2O mobile phase with 0.1% TFA), collecting 2-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1-(2-methoxy- ethoxymethyl)-5-methyl-l H-pyrazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde O-methyl-oxime as the second- eluting peak off of the column. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.20 (s, 1 H), 7.61 (s, 1 H), 7.51 (m, 2H), 7.23 (m, 2H), 5.27 (s, 2H), 4.03 (s, 3H), 3.67 (m, 2H), 3.47 (m, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 2.52 (s, 3H). LCMS: 405.2 (M+i y1. EXAMPLE 2188
Figure imgf000180_0001
l-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-pipei idin-4-yl-isoxazoI-4-yl|-l H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid isopropylamide
Step 1
Figure imgf000180_0002
4-|4-(3-Ethoxycarbonyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-isoxazoI-5-yIl-piperidine-l-carboxyIic acid tert-butyl ester:
A nitrogen-flushed 100 mL round bottom flask was charged with ethyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (420 mg, 3.0 mmol, prepared as described in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 10810), 4-[3-(4-fluoro- phenyl)-4-iodo-isoxazol-5-yl]-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid fert-butyl ester (1.7 g, 3.6 mmol, prepared as described in Step 3 of Example 35), CuI (28 mg, ..15 mmol), (l R,2R.)-diaminomethylcyclohexane (85 mg, 0.6 mmol), and potassium carbonate (869 mg, 6.3 mmol). The solid mixture was evacuated and back-filled with nitrogen 3 times, then dry toluene (2 mL) was added via syringe. The resulting slurry was capped with a reflux condenser and heated for 3 days in a 1 100C oil bath. The crude mixture was then rinsed in to a separatory funnel containing EtOAc (200 mL) and water (50 mL). The organic layer was washed with an additional portion of water (50 mL), then dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by reverse-phase preparative HPLC to afford the title compound (140 mg) as an off-white solid. LCMS: 485.4 (M+l)+.
Step 2
Figure imgf000181_0001
4-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-(3-isopropylcart)amoyl-pyrazoI-l-yI)-isoxazoI-5-yIj-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 4-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-4-(4- isopropylcarbamoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid tert-buty\ ester (Step 6 of Example 35) by substituting 4-[4-(3-ethoxycarbonyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]- piperidine-1 -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester for 4-[4-(4-ethoxycarbonyl-thiazol-2-yl)-3-(4-fiuoro- phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester in that step. LCMS: 498.5 (M+l )+. Step 3
Figure imgf000181_0002
l-IS^-FIuoro-phenylJ-S-piperidin^-yl-isoxazol^-yll-lH-pyrazole-S-carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
To a stirred solution of 4-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-4-(3-isopropylcarbamoyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-isoxazol- 5-yl]-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (120 mg, 0.24 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) was added 25% TFA in DCM (2 mL). The reaction was stirred for 1 hr, then diluted with toluene (30 ml) and concentrated to dryness in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by reverse-phase preparative HPLC to afford the title compound as a white powder. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.28 (d, 1 H), 8.08 (m, 2H), 7.79 (m, 1 H), 7.28 (m, 2H), 6.97 (d, 1 H), 4.23 (m, 1 H), 3.95 (m, 1 H), 3.53 (d, 2H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 2.20 (m, 4H), 1.28 (d, 6H). LCMS: 405.2 (M+l)\
EXAMPLE 2189
2-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yll-thiazole-4- carboxylic acid isopropylamide
Step!
Figure imgf000182_0002
2-|5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyI-piperidin-4-yI)-3H-imidazoI-4-yl)-thiazoIe-4- carboxylic acid ethyl ester:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 2-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-rnethyl-3H-imidazol- 4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (Step 1 , Example 86), where 4-amino-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine was substituted for methylamine in that step. LCMS: 457.6 (M+l)+.
Step 2
Figure imgf000182_0003
2-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-(2,2,6,6-tetraniethyl-piperidin-4-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4- carboxylic acid isopropylamide:
The title compound was prepared analogously to 2-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol- 4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide in step 2 of example 86 by substituting 2-[5-(4-fluoro- phenyl)-3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester with 2-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)- 3-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)-3H-imidazol-4-yI]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.43 (m, 1 H), 8.34 (s, 1 H), 8.28 (s, 1 H), 7.46 (m, 2H), 7.17 (m, 1 H), 5.48 (m, I H), ,4.24 (m, I H), 2.33 (m, 2H), 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.50 (s, 12H), 1.25 (d, 6H). LCMS: 470.7 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 2190
Figure imgf000183_0001
2-|5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-piperidin-4-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yI|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid cyclopentylamide
Step 1
Figure imgf000183_0002
4-|4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-(4-pentafluorophenyloxycarbonyl-thiazoI-2-yl)-imidazoI-l-yl|-pipei idine- 1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester:
To a solution of 4-[5-(4-carboxy-thiazol-2-yl)-4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-imidazol-l-yl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid tert-buty\ ester (188 mg, 0.4 mmol, prepared as described in step 2 of example 95) in DMF (5 mL) at room temperature was added pyridine (35 μL, 0.44 mmol), followed by pentafluorophenyl trifluoroacetate (82 μL, 0.48 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 10 min, at which time LCMS analysis revealed full conversion to title compound. Following aqueous extraction, the product 4-[4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(4-pentafluorophenyloxycarbonyl-thiazoI-2-yl)-imidazol-l -yl]- piperidine-1 -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester determined to be of sufficient purity to carry on to the next step. LCMS: 639.7 (M+l )+.
Step 2
Figure imgf000184_0001
4-|5-(4-CyclopentyIcarbamoyl-thiazol-2-yI)-4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-imidazol-l-yll-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester:
To a stirred solution of 4-[4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(4-pentafiuorophenyloxycarbonyl-thiazol-2- yl)-imidazol-l -yl]-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (127 mg, 0.2 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) at room temperature was added cyclopentylamine (100 μL, 1.0 mmol). After 20 min, the reaction was determined to be complete by LCMS analysis. The mixture was rinsed in to a separatory funnel containing 1 :1 hexanes:EtOAc (50 mL). The resulting solution was washed with HCl (30 mL, 1N aqueous), NaOH (30 mL, IN aqueous), and brine (50 mL), then dried, filtered, and concentrated to dryness in vacuo to afford the title compound as a tan solid that was determined to be sufficiently by LCMS to carry on to the next step. LCMS: 540.8 (M+l)+.
Step 3
Figure imgf000184_0002
2-|5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-piperidin-4-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid cyclopentylamide:
To a stirred mixture of 4-[5-(4-cyclopentylcarbamoyl-thiazol-2-yl)-4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)- imidazol-l-yl]-piperidine-l -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester(102 mg, 0.19 mmol) in DCM (8 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL). After 30 min, full conversion to the title compound was observed by LCMS. The mixture was diluted with toluene (30 mL), concentrated to dryness in vacuo, and purified by reverse phase preparatory HPLC, to afford the title compound as a white solid. ' H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.39 (s, 1 H), 8.24 (s, 1 H), 7.46 (m, 2H), 7.17 (m, 2H), 4.98 (m, 1 H), 4.35 (m, 1 H), 3.59 (m, 2H), 3.18 (m, 2H), 2.50 (m, 2H), 2.23 (m, 2H), 2.06 (m, 2H), 1.77 (m, 2H), 1.56-1.85 (m, 4H) LCMS: 440.8 (M+l)4. EXAMPLE 2191
Figure imgf000185_0001
2-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-piperidin-4-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl|-thiazoIe-4-carboxylic acid cyclohexylamide
The title compound was prepared analogously to 2-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-piperidin-4-yl-3H- imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid cyclopentylamide Example 2190, where cyclohexylamine was substituted for cyclopentylamine in step 2 of that sequence. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.53 (s, I H), 8.29 (s, I H), 7.47 (m, 2H), 7.19 (m, 2H), 5.02 (m, I H), 3.89 (m, IH), 3.60 (d, 2H), 3.17 (t, 2H), 2.52 (d, 2H), 2.25 (m, 2H), 1.97 (m, 2H), 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.69 (m, 1 H), 1.35-1.48 (m, 4H), 1.26 (m, 1 H). LCMS: 454.8 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 2192
Figure imgf000185_0002
3-(3-Dimethylamino-propyl)-l-ethyl-l-{2-|5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-piperidin-4-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl|- thiazo!e-4-carbonyl}-urea
Step 1
Figure imgf000185_0003
To a solution of 4-[5-(4-carboxy-thiazol-2-yl)-4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-imidazol-l -yl]-piperidine-1 - carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (94 mg, 0.2 mmol, prepared as described in step 2 of example 95) in DCM (20 mL) at room temperature was added 1 -ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylarnino)propyl]-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, 46 mg, 0.24 mmol), DIEA (105 μL, 0.6 mmol), and cyclohexylamine (34 μL, 0.3 mmol). After 18 hours, the reaction was poured in to a separatory funnel containing DCM (50 mL) and washed with HCl (30 mL, IN aqueous), NaHCO3 (30 mL, sat. aqueous), and brine (30 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated to dryness in vacuo to afford the title compound as a tan solid that was carried on to the next step without further purification. LCMS: 628.6 (M-H )\
Step 2
Figure imgf000186_0001
3-(3-Dimethylamino-propyl)-l-ethyl-l-{2-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyI)-3-piperidiπ-4-yI-3H-imidazol-4-yl|- thiazole-4-carbonyI}-urea
To a solution of 4-[5-{4-[3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-l -ethyl-ureidocarbonyl]-thiazol-2-yl}-4- (4-fluoro-phenyl)-imidazol-l-yl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (60 mg, 0.1 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) at room temperature was added trifluoroacetic acid (250 μL). After 1 hr , LCMS analysis revealed full conversion to the title compound. The mixture was diluted with toluene (20 mL), concentrated to dryness in vacuo, and purified via reverse phase preparatory HPLC to afford the title compound as a white solid. LCMS: 528.5 (MH-I)+.
EXAMPLE 2193
Figure imgf000186_0002
2-{5-(4-FIuoiO-phenyl)-3-[l-(2-hydi-oxy-ethyl)-pipeπdin-4-yl|-3H-imidazol-4-yl}-thiazoIe-4- carboxylic acid isopropylamide To a stirred solution of 2-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-piperidin-4-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thiazole-4- carboxylic acid isopropylamide, (30 mg, 0.06 mmol, prepared as described in example 91) in DMF at room temperature was added diisopropylethylamine (50 μL, 0.29 mmol), followed by 2-bromoethanoI (15 μL, 0.22 mmol). The mixture was warmed to 500C and left to stir for 2.5 hr, at which time LCMS analysis revealed full conversion to title compound. The mixture was then purified by direct injection on to a reverse phase preparatory HPLC, to afford the title compound as a white solid. ' H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.56 (s, I H), 8.31 (s, I H), 7.47 (m, 2H), 7.18 (m, 2H), 4.23 (m, I H), 3.90 (t, 2H), 3.81 (m, 2H), 3.60 (m, I H), 3.15-3.35 (m, 4H), 2.56 (m, 2H), 2.42 (m, 2H), 1.28 (d, 6H). LCMS: 458.4 (M+ 1)+.
EXAMPLE 2194
Figure imgf000187_0001
2-[3-(l-Acetyl-piperidin-4-yl)-5-(4-fluoiO-phenyI)-3H-imidazol-4-yl|-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid isopropylamide
To a stirred solution of 2-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-piperidin-4-yl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-thiazoIe-4- carboxylic acid isopropylamide, (52 mg, 0.10 mmol, prepared as described in example 91 ) in dry DCM (2 mL) at room temperature was added diisopropylethylamine (86 μL, 0.5 mmol), followed by acetyl chloride (8 μL, 0.12 mmol). After stirring for 5 minutes, LCMS analysis revealed full conversion to title compound. The reaction was quenched via the addition of EtOH (1 mL), then concentrated to dryness /;; vacuo. The crude residue was then purified by reverse phase preparatory HPLC, to afford the title compound as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.19 (s, I H), 8.38 (s, I H), 7.43 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 2H), 7.04 (d, 1 H), 4.89 (m, 1 H), 4.70 (m, 1 H), 4.28 (m, IH), 4.08 (m, 1 H), 3.18 (in, 1 H), 2.61 (m, I H), 2.20-2.40 (m, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.01 (m, I H), 1.30 (d, 6H). LCMS: 456.1 (M+l )+.
EXAMPLE 2195
Figure imgf000188_0001
5-|3-(4-FIuoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-lH-pyrazoI-4-yl]-[l,2,41thiadiazoIe-3-carboxylic acid isopropylamide
Step 1
Figure imgf000188_0002
3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-l H-pyrazole-4-carbothioic acid amide
A 500 ml roundbottom flask was charged with 3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-l -(2-methoxy- ethoxymethyl)-5-methyl-l H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid amide (32.2 g, 105 mmol, described in step 6 of example 79), 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane (400 ml) and phosphorus pentasulfide (23.3 g) in several batches, while maintaining the contents at room temperature. The resulting solution was stirred for 3 hours at 300C. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (CH2Cl2/Me0H = 15:1). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography with a 100: 1 CH2Cl2/Me0H, yielding 5.7 g of 3- (4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-l H-pyrazole-4-carbothioamide as a white solid, and 15.7 g of 3-(4- fluorophenyl)-l-((2-methoxyethoxy)methyl)-5-methyl-l H-pyrazole-4-carbothioamide as a yellow solid.
Step 2
Figure imgf000188_0003
DimethyIamino-[3-(4-fluoiO-phenyl)-5-metliyl-l H-pyrazole-4-carbothioyIiniino|-acetic acid ethyl ester A 500 ml round bottom flask was charged with 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4- carbothioamide (600 mg, 2.55 mmol), ethyl 2-(dimethylamino)-2,2-diethoxyacetate (2 g, 9.12 mmol), and THF (20 ml). The resulting solution stirred for 26 hours at 60 degrees C. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (CH2C^ZMeOH = 15:1). The mixture was concentrated by evaporation under vacuum using a rotary evaporator. The residue was purified by eluting through a column with a 1 :3 EtOAc/PE solvent system. This resulted in 0.58 g (45%) of ethyl 2-(dimethylamino)-2-(3-(4-fiuorophenyI)-5- methyl-l H-pyrazole-4-carbothioamido)acetate as orange oil.
Figure imgf000189_0001
S-IS-C^FIuoro-phenylJ-S-methyl-lH-pyrazol-^yll-ll^^lthiadiazole-S-carboxylic acid ethyl ester A 100 ml round bottom flask was purged with nitrogen, then charged with (E)-ethyl 2-
(dimethylamino)-2-(3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-l H-pyrazole-4-carbothioamido)acetate (780 mg, 2.15 mmol), absolute ethanol (20 ml), pyridine (850 mg, 10.75 mmol), and hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (500 mg, 4.42 mmol) in methanol (20 ml). The resulting solution was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC (EtOAc/PE = 1 :1). Work-up: the mixture was concentrated, dissolved in 150 ml of AcOEt, washed with K2CO3 (aq.), brine, dried over Na2SC^, concentrated, and purified by column chromatography (1 :30 EtOAc/PE solvent system). This gave 350 mg (50%) of the title compound mixed with the analogous oxadiazole. These compounds were purified by RPHPLC, and then recrystallized from EtOAc/PE =1 :1.
Step 4
Figure imgf000189_0002
5-|3-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-5-methyl-lH-pyrazol-4-yl]-|l,2,4|thiadiazole-3-carboxylic acid isopropylamide
To a stirred solution of 5-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyI)-5-methyl-l H-pyrazol-4-yI]- [1 ,2,4]thiadiazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (120 mg, 0.36 mmol) in toluene (5 niL), was added MeAlCl(NH-iPr) (1.1 mL of a 0.67 M solution in toluene, 0.72 mmol, prepared as described in Synth. Comm. 12, 13, 989.) dropwise via syringe. The resulting mixture was warmed to 800C and left to stir for 2 hrs, then cooled to room temperature and poured on to a vigorously stirred slurry of sodium sulfate decahydrate (25 g) in DCM (100 mL). After 1 hr, the mixture was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound ( 99 mg, 80 % yield) as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.59 (m, 2H), 7.13 (m, 2H), 6.73 (d, 1 H), 4.28 (m, I H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 1.26 (d, 6H). LCMS: 346.2 (M+l)+.
EXAMPLE 2196
Figure imgf000190_0001
5-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyI-lH-pyrazol-4-yl|-|l,2,4|oxadiazoIe-3-carboxylic acid isopropylamide To a stirred solution of 5-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-methyl-l H-pyrazol-4-yl]-[l,2,4]oxadiazole-3- carboxylic acid ethyl ester (68 mg, 0.22 mmol, described in step 3 of Example 2196) in toluene (3 mL), was added dropwise MeAlCl(NH-iPr) (800 μL of a 0.67 M solution in toluene, 0.55 mmol, prepared as described in Synth. Comm. 12, 13, 989). The resulting mixture was warmed to 800C and left to stir for 2 hrs, then cooled to room temperature and poured on to a vigorously stirred slurry of sodium sulfate decahydrate (25 g) in DCM (100 mL). After 1 hr, the mixture was filtered, and the resulting filtrate was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound (57 mg, 80% yield), that was determined to be sufficiently pure by available analytical methods. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.56 (m, 2H), 7.08 (m, 2H), 6.75 (d, IH), 4.26 (m, I H), 2.54 (s, 3H), 1.25 (d, 6H). LCMS: 330.7 (M+l )+. The following Compounds are represented herein using the Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System, or SMILES. SMILES is a modern chemical notation system, developed by David Weininger and Daylight Chemical Information Systems, Inc., that is built into all major commercial chemical structure drawing software packages. Software is not needed to interpret SMILES text strings, and an explanation of how to translate SMILES into structures can be found in Weininger, D., J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1988, 28, 31-36.
Examples 98-2157 Prepared by Parallel Synthesis
Examples 98-334
Figure imgf000191_0001
Starting amino methyl oxazole was prepared as described in Example 43, but omitting the Boc protection step. Where R-COOH is a carboxylic acid selected to afford Examples 98-334, which were prepared by General Procedure 1.
Figure imgf000191_0002
Figure imgf000191_0003
Figure imgf000192_0002
Figure imgf000192_0001
Figure imgf000193_0001
Figure imgf000193_0002
Figure imgf000194_0001
Figure imgf000194_0002
Figure imgf000195_0001
Figure imgf000195_0002
Figure imgf000196_0002
Figure imgf000196_0001
Figure imgf000197_0001
Figure imgf000197_0002
Figure imgf000198_0002
Figure imgf000198_0001
Figure imgf000199_0001
Figure imgf000199_0002
Figure imgf000200_0002
Figure imgf000200_0001
Examples 335-572
Figure imgf000201_0001
Starting amino methyl oxazole was prepared as described in Example 44. Where R-COOH is a carboxylic acid selected to afford Examples 335-572, which were prepared by General Procedure
Figure imgf000201_0003
Figure imgf000201_0002
Figure imgf000202_0001
Figure imgf000202_0002
Figure imgf000203_0001
Figure imgf000203_0002
Figure imgf000204_0002
Figure imgf000204_0001
Figure imgf000205_0002
Figure imgf000205_0001
Figure imgf000206_0001
Figure imgf000206_0002
Figure imgf000207_0001
Figure imgf000207_0002
Figure imgf000208_0001
Figure imgf000208_0002
Figure imgf000209_0002
Figure imgf000209_0001
Figure imgf000210_0001
Figure imgf000210_0002
Figure imgf000211_0001
Figure imgf000211_0002
Figure imgf000212_0002
Figure imgf000212_0001
Figure imgf000213_0001
Utilizing the corresponding bromomethyl isoxazole prepared as described in Step 2 of Example 28, the starting amino methyl isoxazole shown in this example was prepared as described in Example 43, but omitting the Boc protection step. Where R-COOH is a carboxylic acid selected to afford Examples 573- 810 which were by General Procedure 1.
Figure imgf000213_0002
Figure imgf000213_0003
Figure imgf000214_0001
Figure imgf000214_0002
Figure imgf000215_0001
Figure imgf000215_0002
Figure imgf000216_0002
Figure imgf000216_0001
Figure imgf000217_0002
Figure imgf000217_0001
Figure imgf000218_0002
Figure imgf000218_0001
Figure imgf000219_0001
Figure imgf000219_0002
Figure imgf000220_0002
Figure imgf000220_0001
Figure imgf000221_0002
Figure imgf000221_0001
Figure imgf000222_0001
Figure imgf000222_0002
Figure imgf000223_0002
Figure imgf000223_0001
Figure imgf000224_0001
Starting piperidinyl pyrazole was prepared as described in Example 47. Where, R-COOH is a carboxylic acid selected to afford Examples 81 1 -1048, which were prepared by General Procedure 1.
Figure imgf000224_0003
Figure imgf000224_0002
Figure imgf000225_0001
Figure imgf000225_0002
Figure imgf000226_0001
Figure imgf000226_0002
Figure imgf000227_0001
Figure imgf000227_0002
Figure imgf000228_0001
Figure imgf000228_0002
Figure imgf000229_0002
Figure imgf000229_0001
Figure imgf000230_0002
Figure imgf000230_0001
Figure imgf000231_0001
Figure imgf000231_0002
Figure imgf000232_0001
Figure imgf000232_0002
Figure imgf000233_0002
Figure imgf000233_0001
Figure imgf000234_0002
Figure imgf000234_0001
Figure imgf000235_0002
Figure imgf000235_0001
Examples 1049- 1374
Figure imgf000236_0001
Starting bromomethyl oxazole was prepared as described in Step 1 of Example 44. Where, 1 ° amines, 2° amines, and anilines were selected to afford Examples 1049-1374, which were prepared by General Procedure 2.
Examples prepared with 1° Amines:
Figure imgf000236_0002
Figure imgf000236_0003
Figure imgf000237_0001
Figure imgf000237_0002
Figure imgf000238_0001
Figure imgf000238_0002
Figure imgf000239_0001
Figure imgf000239_0002
Figure imgf000240_0002
Figure imgf000240_0001
Figure imgf000241_0001
Examples prepared with 2° Amines:
Figure imgf000242_0001
Figure imgf000242_0002
Figure imgf000243_0001
Figure imgf000243_0002
Figure imgf000244_0001
Figure imgf000244_0002
Figure imgf000245_0002
Figure imgf000245_0001
Figure imgf000246_0001
Figure imgf000246_0002
Examples prepared with Anilines:
Figure imgf000247_0001
Figure imgf000247_0002
Figure imgf000248_0001
Figure imgf000248_0002
Figure imgf000249_0002
Figure imgf000249_0001
Figure imgf000250_0001
Starting bromomethyl isoxazole was prepared as described in Step 2 of Example 28. Where, 1 ° amines, 2° amines, and anilines were selected to afford Examples 1374-1700, which were prepared by General Procedure 2.
Examples re ared with 1 ° amines:
Figure imgf000250_0003
Figure imgf000250_0002
Figure imgf000251_0001
Figure imgf000251_0002
Figure imgf000252_0001
Figure imgf000252_0002
Figure imgf000253_0001
Figure imgf000253_0002
Figure imgf000254_0002
Figure imgf000254_0001
Figure imgf000255_0001
Examples prepared with 2° Amines:
Figure imgf000255_0003
Figure imgf000255_0002
Figure imgf000256_0001
Figure imgf000256_0002
Figure imgf000257_0001
Figure imgf000257_0002
Figure imgf000258_0001
Figure imgf000258_0002
Figure imgf000259_0001
Figure imgf000259_0002
Figure imgf000260_0001
Exam les re ared with Ani lines:
Figure imgf000261_0001
Figure imgf000261_0002
Figure imgf000262_0001
Figure imgf000262_0002
Figure imgf000263_0002
Figure imgf000263_0001
Examples 1701-2025
Figure imgf000264_0001
Starting pentafluorophenyl ester was prepared as described in Step 2 of Example 47. Where, 1 ° amines, 2° amines, and anilines were selected to afford Examples 1698-2025, which were prepared by General Procedure 2.
Examples prepared with 1° Amines:
Figure imgf000264_0002
Figure imgf000264_0003
Figure imgf000265_0001
Figure imgf000265_0002
Figure imgf000266_0002
Figure imgf000266_0001
Figure imgf000267_0001
Figure imgf000267_0002
Figure imgf000268_0001
Figure imgf000268_0002
Examples prepared with 2° Amines:
Figure imgf000269_0002
Figure imgf000269_0001
Figure imgf000270_0001
Figure imgf000270_0002
Figure imgf000271_0001
Figure imgf000271_0002
Figure imgf000272_0001
Figure imgf000272_0002
Figure imgf000273_0001
Figure imgf000273_0002
Figure imgf000274_0001
Figure imgf000274_0002
Figure imgf000275_0001
Figure imgf000275_0002
Figure imgf000276_0002
Figure imgf000276_0001
Examples 2026-2157
Figure imgf000277_0001
Starting pentafluorophenyl ester was prepared as described in Step 1 of Example 71. Where, 1 ° amines were selected to afford Examples 2026-2157, which were prepared by General Condition 2, followed by boc deprotection of the piperidine moiety with 30% TFA in DCM (42 μL per well).
Figure imgf000277_0002
Figure imgf000277_0003
Figure imgf000278_0001
Figure imgf000278_0002
Figure imgf000279_0002
Figure imgf000279_0001
Figure imgf000280_0001
Figure imgf000280_0002
Figure imgf000281_0002
Figure imgf000281_0001
Figure imgf000282_0002
Figure imgf000282_0001
General Procedure 1 : 6 μL of each acid monomer (Table 1 , 0.5 M each) in DMF was transferee! to a single well of a microwell plate. To these were added 4 μL of core scaffold/DIEA solution (0.5 M each) in DMF, followed by 5 μL HATU solution (0.5 M) in DMF. The reaction plate was sealed and shaken at room temperature for 16 hours, solvent was removed, and products were identified and analyzed for purity by LCMS.
General Procedure 2: 8 μL of each amine or aniline monomer (Table 2, 3, or 4, 0.5 M each, 4 μmol) in DMF was transferred to a single well of a microwell plate. To these were added 25 μL of core scaffold/DIEA solution (0.08 M core, 0.16 M DIEA) in DMF. The plate was sealed, mixed, warmed to 400C and left static for 16 hours. The solvent was then removed, and products were identified and analyzed for purity by LCMS.
The following compounds can generally be made using the methods described above. It is expected that these compounds when made will have activity similar to those that have been made in the examples above.
CC(C)NC(=O)cl nc(csl)n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cn3)C4CCOCC4
CC(C)NC(=O)n 1 ccc(n 1 )n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3)C4CCOCC4
COcI Cc(F)CCCl c2nnc(C3CCOCC3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NC(C)C CC(C)CNC(=O)nl ccc(nl )n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cn3)C4CCOCC4
COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(C3CCOCC3)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C
OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl csc(nl)n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cn3)C4CCOCC4
OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl nc(csl )n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3)C4CCOCC4
COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(C3CCOCC3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO CC(C)NC(=O)nlccc(nl)n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cn3)C4CCNCC4
CC(C)NC(=O)cl csc(nl )n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cn3)C4CCNCC4
CC(C)NC(=O)clnc(csl)n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3)C4CCNCC4
COc1cc(F)ccclc2nnc(C3CCNCC3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C
CC(C)CNC(=O)nl ccc(nl )n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3)C4CCNCC4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)c 1 nc(cs 1 )n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cn3)C4CCNCC4
OCC(CO)CNC(=0)cl csc(n 1 )n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3)C4CCNCC4
COCC(=O)N 1 CCC(CC l)c2nnc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C
COCC(=O)Nl CCC(CCl)c2nnc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NC(C)C
COCC(=O)Nl CCC(CCl)c2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C COCC(=O)N1 CCC(CCI )c2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C
COCC(=O)N 1 CCC(CCI )c2nnc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C
COCC(=O)N 1 CCC(CC I )c2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(C)C
COCC(=O)N1 CCC(CCl )c2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO CC(C)NC(=O)n1 ccc(nl)n2c(OCCCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=O)cl csc(nl)n2c(OCCCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=O)c1nc(csl)n2c(OCCCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(OCCCN3CC0CC3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NC(C)C OCC(CO)CNC(=O)nlccc(nl)n2c(OCCCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=O)clnc(csl)n2c(OCCCN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=O)clcsc(nl)n2c(OCCCN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 COc 1 Cc(F)CCC 1 c2nnc(OCCCN3CCNCC3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C CC(C)CNC(=O)cl csc(nl )n2c(OCCCN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(OCCCN3CCNCC3)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(OCCCN3CCNCC3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(C)C OCC(CO)CNC(=O)nl ccc(nl)n2c(OCCCN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=0)cl csc(n 1 )n2c(NCCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=0)cl nc(csl )n2c(NCCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(NCCN3CCOCC3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C OCC(CO)CNC(=O)clcsc(nl)n2c(NCCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=O)n 1 ccc(n 1 )n2c(NCCN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 COcI CC(F)CCd c2nnc(NCCN3CCNCC3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(NCCN3CCNCC3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NC(C)C CC(C)CNC(=O)cl nc(csl )n2c(NCCN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4
COcI Cc(F)CCCl c2nnc(NCCN3CCNCC3)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl csc(nl )n2c(NCCN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)nlccc(nl )n2c(NCCN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=O)cl nc(csl )n2c(NCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=O)nlccc(nl)n2c(NCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=O)cl csc(nl)n2c(NCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)CNC(=0)n 1 ccc(nl )n2c(NCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=O)cl nc(csl)n2c(CCCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=0)nl ccc(nl )n2c(CCCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=O)cl csc(nl)n2c(CCCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)CNC(=0)cl csc(nl )n2c(CCCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)CNC(=O)clnc(csl)n2c(CCCN3CC0CC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)nlccc(nl)n2c(CCCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)MC(=O)nlccc(n1)n2c(CCCN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(CCCN3CCNCC3)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C COcI cc(F)ccc1 c2nnc(CCCN3CCNCC3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(CCCN3CCNCC3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(C)C OCC(CO)CNC(=O)clnc(csl)n2c(CCCN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=O)n 1 ccc(n 1 )n2c(CCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=O)clnc(csl)n2c(CCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 COcI cc(F)ccc1 c2nnc(CCN3CCOCC3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C COcI Cc(F)CCC 1 c2nnc(CCN3CCOCC3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NC(C)C CC(C)CNC(=O)cl nc(csl )n2c(CCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(CCN3CCOCC3)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C 0CC(C0)CNC(=0)nl ccc(nl )n2c(CCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 0CC(C0)CNC(=0)cl csc(nl )n2c(CCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=O)cl csc(nl)n2c(CCN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=O)n 1 ccc(n 1 )n2c(CCN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)CNC(=O)nl ccc(nl)n2c(CCN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)CNC(=O)cl csc(nl)n2c(CCN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 0CC(CO)CNC(=O)cl nc(cs 1 )n2c(CCN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CNC(=O)N 1 CCN(CCc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n2c4csc(ii4)C(=O)NC(C)C)CCl CNC(=0)N 1 CCN(CCc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C)CC 1 CNC(=0)N 1 CCN(CCc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NC(C)C)CCl CNC(=O)Nl CCN(CCc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)TMCC(C)C)CCl CNC(=O)Nl CCN(CCc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(C)C)CCl CNC(=0)N 1 CCN(CCc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C)CCl CC(C)NC(=O)cl csc(nl )n2c(CN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4
COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(CN3CCOCC3)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C CC(C)CNC(=0)n 1 ccc(n 1 )n2c(CN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(CN3CCOCC3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(CN3CCOCC3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(C)C OCC(CO)CNC(=O)clnc(csl)n2c(CN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl nc(cs 1 )n2c(CN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=O)nlccc(nl)n2c(CN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=0)cl nc(csl )n2c(CN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=0)cl nc(csl )n2c(CN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=0)cl csc(n1 )n2c(CN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4
COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(CN3CCNCC3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C CC(C)CNC(=O)cl csc(nl)π2c(CN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)CNC(=0)n 1 ccc(n 1 )n2c(CN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(CN3CCNCC3)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C CN=C(S)N 1 CCN(Cc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C)CCl CN=C(S)N 1 CCN(Cc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C)CCl CN=C(S)N 1 CCN(Cc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C)CCl CN=C(S)N 1 CCN(Cc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NC(C)C)CCl CNC(=S)N 1 CCN(Cc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C)CC1 CN=C(S)Nl CCN(Cc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(C)C)CCl CN=C(S)Nl CCN(Cc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)"NCC(C)C)CCl CC(C)NC(=O)cl nc(csl)n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cn3)N4CCOCC4 CC(C)NC(=O)n1 ccc(nl)n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCOCC4 CC(C)NC(=O)c1 csc(nl)n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCOCC4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(N3CCOCC3)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C CC(C)CNC(=O)nl ccc(nl)n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cn3)N4CCOCC4 CC(C)CN C(=O)cl csc(nl )n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cn3)"N4CCOCC4 COc 1 Cc(F)CCC 1 c2nnc(N3CCOCC3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(N3CCOCC3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(C)C OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl nc(csl )n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCOCC4 CC(C)NC(=O)n 1 ccc(n 1 )n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cn3)N4CCNCC4 CC(C)NC(=0)cl csc(nl )n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cn3)N4CCNCC4 CC(C)NC(=0)cl nc(csl )n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCNCC4 CC(C)CNC(=0)cl nc(csl )n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cn3)N4CCNCC4 CC(C)CNC(=O)nl ccc(nl)n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCNCC4 CC(C)CNC(=0)cl csc(n 1 )n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCNCC4 COc 1 CC(F)CCC 1 c2nnc(N3CCNCC3)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO CC(C)NC(=O)cl nc(csl)n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)CO
COcI Cc(F)CCCl c2nnc(N3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C COc 1 Cc(F)CCC I c2nnc(N3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NC(C)C CC(C)CNC(=O)cl csc(nl )n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)CO COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(N3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C OCC(CO)CNC(=O)nl ccc(nl)n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cn3)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)CO OCC(CO)CNC(=O)nl ccc(nl)n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)CO CCNl CN(CCc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C)Cl CCN 1 CN(CCc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NC(C)C)Cl CCNl CN(CCc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C)Cl CCNl CN(CCc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C)Cl CCN 1 CN(CCc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C)C 1 CCNl CN(CCc2nπc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(C)C)Cl CCN I CN(CCc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)C 1 CC(C)NC(=O)cl csc(nl)n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3)C4CCNC4 COcI Cc(F)CCC lc2nnc(C3CCNC3)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C CC(C)CNC(=O)cl nc(csl)n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3)C4CCNC4 COcI Cc(F)CCCl c2nnc(C3CCNC3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(C)C OCC(CO)CNC(=O)nlccc(nl)n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cn3)C4CCNC4 COCC(=O)Nl CCN(CCl)c2nnc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C COCC(=O)N 1 CCN(CCl )c2nnc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NC(C)C COCC(=O)N 1 CCN(CCI )c2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NC(C)C COCC(=O)N 1 CCN(CC 1 )c2nnc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C CC(C)NC(=O)n 1 ccc(n 1 )n2c(SCCCN(C)C)nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3
COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(SCCCN(C)C)n2c3csc(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C CC(C)CNC(=0)cl nc(csl )n2c(SCCCN(C)C)nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3 CC(C)CNC(=0)cl csc(n 1 )n2c(SCCCN(C)C)nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3 CN(C)CCCScI nnc(c2ccc(F)cn2)nl c3csc(n3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO COcI Cc(F)CCCl c2nnc(SCCCN(C)C)n2c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO COCCCcI nnc(c2ccc(F)cn2)nl c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C COCCCclnnc(c2ccc(F)cn2)nlc3nc(cs3)C(=O)NC(C)C COCCCcI nnc(c2ccc(F)cc2)nl c3csc(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C COCCCcI nnc(c2ccc(F)cc2OC)n 1 c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C COCCCcI nnc(c2ccc(F)cn2)n 1 c3csc(n3)C(=O)NCC(C)C COCCCcI nnc(c2ccc(F)cc2)nl c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NCC(C)C COCCCc 1 nnc(c2ccc(F)cc2)n 1 c3nc(cs3)C(=O)NCC(C)C COCCCc 1 nnc(c2ccc(F)cc2)n 1 c3csc(n3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(N(C)C)n2c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C COc 1 cc(F)ccc 1 c2nnc(N(C)C)n2c3 nc(cs3)C(=0)NC(C)C CN(C)Cl nnc(c2ccc(F)cn2)nl c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO CN(C)Cl nnc(c2ccc(F)cc2)nlc3ccn(n3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO CN(C)Cl nnc(c2ccc(F)cc2)nl c3nc(cs3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO CC(C)NC(=O)nlccc(nl)n2cnnc2c3ccc(F)cn3 CC(C)NC(=O)cl csc(nl)n2cnnc2c3ccc(F)cn3 CC(C)NC(=0)n 1 ccc(n 1 )n2cnnc2c3ccc(F)cc3 CC(C)NC(=O)cl nc(csl )n2cnnc2c3ccc(F)cc3 CC(C)CNC(=O)cl nc(cs 1 )n2cnnc2c3ccc(F)cn3 CC(C)CNC(=0)cl csc(nl )n2cnnc2c3ccc(F)cc3 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nncn2c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NCC(C)C COcI cc(F)cccl c2nncn2c3csc(n3)C(=O)"NCC(C)C OCC(CO)CNC(=O)nl ccc(nl)n2cnnc2c3ccc(F)cc3 OCC(CO)CNC(=0)cl nc(csl)n2cnnc2c3ccc(F)cc3 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nncn2c3nc(cs3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO CC(C)NC(=O)cl ncn(nl)C2=C(C(=O)-NN2C3CCOCC3)c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=O)cl ccn(nl)C2=C(C(=O)ON2C3CCOCC3)c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=O)cl c[nH]c(nl)n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3)C4CCNCC4 CC(C)CNC(=O)cl cnn(nl)C2=C(C(=O)ON2C3CCNCC3)c4ccc(F)cn4 COcI cc(F)cccl C2=C(N(NC2=O)C3CCNCC3)c4oc(cc4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO COCC(=O)Nl CCC(CCl)N2NC(=0)C(=C2c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C)c4ccc(F)cc4 C0CC(=O)Nl CCC(CCl)N2OC(=0)C(=C2c3c[nH]c(n3)C(=0)NC(C)C)c4ccc(F)cc40C COCC(=O)N 1 CCC(CC 1 )c2nnc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n2c4occ(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C CC(C)NC(=O)cl oc(ccl )n2c(OCCCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=O)clocc(nl)n2c(NCCN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)CNC(=O)cl c[nH]c(nl)n2c(NCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)clncn(nl)C2=C(C(=O)NM2CCCN3CCOCC3)c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)CNC(=O)nlccc(nl)C2=C(C(=O)ON2CCN3CCOCC3)c4ccc(F)cc4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(CCN3CCNCC3)n2c4c[nH]c(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO
CNC(=O)NlCCN(CCN2NC(=O)C(=C2n3ncc(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C)c4ccc(F)cc4)CCl CNC(=O)Nl CCN(CCc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n2c4occ(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C)CCl CNC(=O)NlCCN(CCN2OC(=O)C(=C2c3nc(c[nH]3)C(=O)NCC(C)C)c4ccc(F)cn4)CCl CC(C)NC(=O)clnc(c[nH]l)C2=C(C(=O)NN2CN3CCNCC3)c4ccc(F)cc4 COcI cc(F)cccl C2=C(N(CN3CCNCC3)SC2=O)n4cnc(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C OCC(CO)CNC(=O)n 1 ccc(n 1 )C2=C(C(=O)NN2CN3CCNCC3)c4ccc(F)cn4 CN=C(S)NlCCN(CN20C(=0)C(=C2c3oc(cn3)C(=0)NC(C)C)c4ccc(F)cn4)CCl CN=C(S)Nl CCN(Cc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n2c4coc(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C)CCl COcI CC(F)CCcI C2=C(N(NC2=O)N3CCOCC3)c4occ(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C CC(C)CNC(=0)cl ncn(nl)C2=C(C(=O)ON2M3CCOCC3)c4ccc(F)cn4
OCC(CO)CNC(=O)clnc(c[nH]l)C2=C(C(=O)NN2M3CCOCC3)c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=O)clcnn(nl)C2=C(C(=O)NN2N3CCNCC3)c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=O)cl oc(ccl )C2=C(C(=O)SN2N3CCNCC3)c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)CNC(=O)clccn(nl)C2=C(C(=O)NN2"N3CCNCC3)c4ccc(F)cc4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)clcoc(nl)n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCNCC4
CC(C)NC(=0)n 1 ccc(n 1 )C2=C(C(=O)ON2N3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)c4ccc(F)cn4
CC(C)NC(=0)cl nc(c[nH] 1 )n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cn3)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)CO
COc 1 Cc(F)CCC 1 C2=C(N(0C2=0)N3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)n4ncc(n4)C(=0)NCC(C)C
CCNlCN(CCN2NC(=O)C(=C2c3oc(nc3)C(=O)NCC(C)C)c4ccc(F)cc4)Cl CCN 1 CN(CCN2OC(=O)C(=C2n3ccc(n3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)c4ccc(F)cn4)Cl
COCC(=O)NlCCN(CCl)N2NC(=O)C(=C2n3cnc(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C)c4ccc(F)cc4 COCC(=0)Nl CCN(CCl)c2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc30C)n2c4coc(n4)C(=0)NC(C)C CN(C)CCCScI nnc(c2ccc(F)cn2)nl c3nc(c[nH]3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO COCCCN 1 SC(=O)C(=C1 c2oc(cn2)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)c3ccc(F)cc3 CC(C)NC(=O)cl c[nH]c(nl)c2n[nH]c(O)c2c3ccc(F)cn3 CC(C)NC(=O)cl oc(cc 1 )ii2cnnc2c3ccc(F)cn3 CC(C)NC(=O)c1 nc(c[nH] 1 )c2nsc(O)c2c3ccc(F)cc3 CC(C)NC(=O)clccn(nl)c2nsc(O)c2c3ccc(F)cc3 COcI cc(F)cccl c2c(O)[nH]nc2c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C CC(C)CN C(=O)cl cnn(nl)c2nsc(O)c2c3ccc(F)cn3 CC(C)CNC(=O)clncn(nl)c2n[nH]c(O)c2c3ccc(F)cc3 COcI cc(F)ccc1 c2c(O)snc2c3csc(n3)C(=O)NCC(C)C OCC(CO)CNC(=O)nl ccc(nl)c2nsc(O)c2c3ccc(F)cn3
OCC(CO)CN C(=O)cl coc(nl )c2n[nH]c(O)c2c3ccc(F)cc3 CC(C)NC(=0)cl oc(ccl )C2=C(C(=O)NN2C)c3ccc(F)cn3 CC(C)CNC(=0)cl oc(ccl )n2c(CO)nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3 CC(C)NC(=O)nlccc(nl)n2nc(nc2c3ccc(F)cn3)C4CCOCC4 CC(C)NC(=O)nlccc(nl)c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)C4CCOCC4
COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(nn2c3nc(cs3)C(=O)NC(C)C)C4CCOCC4 OCC(CO)CNC(=0)clnc(csl)c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cn3)C4CCOCC4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl csc(nl )c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)C4CCOCC4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(nn2c3csc(n3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)C4CCOCC4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(oc2n3ccc(n3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)C4CCOCC4 CC(C)NC(=0)cl nc(csl )n2nc(nc2c3ccc(F)cn3)C4CCNCC4 CC(C)NC(=O)clcsc(nl)c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cn3)C4CCNCC4 CC(C)NC(=O)clnc(csl)c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)C4CCNCC4 CC(C)CNC(=0)clccn(nl)c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cn3)C4CCNCC4 CC(C)CNC(=O)c1 nc(csl )n2nc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)C4CCNCC4
COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(oc2c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NCC(C)C)C4CCNCC4 0CC(C0)CNC(=0)cl csc(nl )n2nc(nc2c3ccc(F)cn3)C4CCNCC4 0CC(C0)CNC(=0)nl ccc(nl )n2nc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)C4CCNCC4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(oc2c3csc(n3)C(=0)NCC(CO)CO)C4CCNCC4 C0CC(=0)N 1 CCC(CCl )c2nc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n(n2)c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NC(C)C COCC(=O)NlCCC(CCl)c2oc(c3csc(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cn4 C0CC(=0)N 1 CCC(CCl )c2oc(c(n2)c3ccc(F)cc3)n4ccc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C C0CC(=0)N 1 CCC(CCl )c2nc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n(n2)c4csc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C COCC(=O)N 1 CCC(CCl )c2oc(c3nc(cs3)C(=O)NC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cc4OC COCC(=O)Nl CCC(CCl)c2nc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n(n2)c4csc(n4)C(=O)MCC(C)C COCC(=O)N 1 CCC(CCl )c2oc(c3nc(cs3)C(=O)NCC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cn4 COCC(=O)NlCCC(CCl)c2oc(c3csc(n3)C(=O)NCC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cc4 COCC(=O)NlCCC(CCl)c2nc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n(n2)c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C C0CC(=0)N 1 CCC(CCl )c2oc(c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cn4 C0CC(=0)Nl CCC(CC l)c2oc(c3ccc(F)cn3)c(n2)n4ccc(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO CC(C)NC(=0)n 1 ccc(nl )n2nc(OCCCN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=O)clnc(csl)c2nc(OCCCN3CCOCC3)oc2c4ccc(F)cc4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(OCCCN3CCOCC3)oc2n4ccc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C CC(C)CNC(=O)cl csφl )c2oc(OCCCN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)CNC(=O)cl csc(nl )n2nc(OCCCN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(CJNC(O)cl nc(csl )n2nc(OCCCN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(0)clcsφl)c2nc(OCCCN3CCNCC3)oc2c4ccc(F)cc4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2oc(OCCCN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccn(n4)C(0)NC(C)C CC(C)CNC(0)clnc(csl)c2oc(OCCCN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 OCC(CO)CNC(0)nl ccφl)c2oc(OCCCN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 0CC(C0)CNC(O)cl ccn(nl )c2nc(OCCCN3CCNCC3)oc2c4ccc(F)cn4 0CC(C0)CNC(O)nl ccc(nl)n2nc(0CCCN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(O)clnc(csl)n2nc(NCCN3CC0CC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4
COcI cc(F)cccl c2oc(NCCN3CCOCC3)nc2c4nc(cs4)C(=0)NC(C)C CC(C)CNC(0)clnc(csl)c2oc(NCCN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(NCCN3CC0CC3)nn2c4nc(cs4)C(O)NCC(C)C OCC(CO)CN C(=O)nl ccc(nl)n2nc(NCCN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 0CC(C0)CNC(O)nl ccc(nl )c2nc(NCCN3CCOCC3)oc2c4ccc(F)cn4 OCC(CO)CNC(0)clccn(nl)c2nc(NCCN3CCOCC3)oc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=0)cl csφl )n2nc(NCCN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=O)nlccc(nl)c2nc(NCCN3CCNCC3)oc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=O)clnc(csl)c2oc(NCCN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(NCCN3CCNCC3)nn2c4ccn(n4)C(O)NC(C)C COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(NCCN3CCNCC3)nn2c4csc(n4)C(O)NCC(C)C COcI cc(F)cccl c2oc(NCCN3CCNCC3)nc2n4ccc(n4)C(=0)NCC(C)C 0CC(C0)CNC(O)cl nc(csl)n2nc(NCCN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 OCC(CO)CNC(O)Cl csφl )c2oc(NCCN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl csφl )n2nc(NCCN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4
COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(NCCN3CCNCC3)oc2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO CC(C)NC(=O)cl nc(csl)n2nc(NCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(O)Cl ccn(n 1 )c2oc(NCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(0)clcsc(nl)c2nc(NCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=0)CO)oc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(O)cl csφl)n2nc(NCCN3CCN(CC3)C(O)C0)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)CNC(O)n 1 ccc(n 1 )n2nc(NCCN3CCN(CC3)C(O)C0)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)CNC(0)nlccc(nl)c2nc(NCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=0)CO)oc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=0)n 1 ccc(n 1 )n2nc(CCCN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=O)cl csc(nl )c2nc(CCCN3CCOCC3)oc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)CNC(O)nl ccc(nl)c2oc(CCCN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)CNC(O)Cl ccn(n 1 )c2oc(CCCN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(CCCN3CC0CC3)nn2c4csc(n4)C(O)NCC(C)C COcI cc(F)cccl c2oc(CCCN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO CC(C)NC(=O)cl nc(csl)c2oc(CCCN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=O)c1 csc(nl )n2nc(CCCN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)CNC(=O)nlccc(nl)n2nc(CCCN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 COcI Cc(F)CCCl c2nc(CCCN3CCNCC3)oc2c4nc(cs4)C(=0)NCC(C)C OCC(CO)CNC(=O)clnc(cs1)c2nc(CCCN3CCNCC3)oc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=O)n 1 ccc(n 1 )c2nc(CCN3CCOCC3)oc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)CNC(=O)c 1 csc(n 1 )n2nc(CCN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 COcI Cc(F)CCCl c2nc(CCN3CCOCC3)oc2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C COcI cc(F)ccc 1 c2nc(CCN3CCOCC3)nn2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO CC(C)NC(=O)cl ccn(nl)c2nc(CCN3CClMCC3)oc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)CNC(=O)nl ccc(πl)c2oc(CCN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl nc(csl )n2nc(CCN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl ccn(n 1 )c2nc(CCN3CCNCC3)oc2c4ccc(F)cc4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl csc(nl )c2nc(CCN3CCNCC3)oc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CNC(=O)N 1 CCN(CCc2nc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n(n2)c4csc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C)CC 1 CNC(=0)Nl CCN(CCc2oc(c3nc(cs3)C(=0)NC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cn4)CCl CNC(=O)N 1 CCN(CCc2oc(c3csc(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cc4)CCl CNC(=O)N 1 CCN(CCc2oc(c3ccc(F)cc3)c(n2)n4ccc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C)CC 1 CNC(=O)N 1 CCN(CCc2oc(c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cc4OC)CC 1 CNQ=O)N 1 CCN(CCc2oc(c3csc(n3)C(=O)NCC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cn4)CC 1 CNC(=O)N 1 CCN(CCc2nc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n(n2)c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C)CC 1 CNC(=O)N lCCN(CCc2nc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n(n2)c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(C)C)CCl CNC(=O)Nl CCN(CCc2oc(c3nc(cs3)C(=O)NCC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cc4)CCl CC(C)NC(=O)nlccc(nl)c2oc(CN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=O)cl nc(csl )c2oc(CN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)CNC(=O)cl nc(csl )n2nc(CN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)CNC(=O)cl csc(nl )c2nc(CN3CCOCC3)oc2c4ccc(F)cc4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2oc(CN3CCOCC3)nc2n4ccc(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl ccn(nl )c2oc(CN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl csc(nl )n2nc(CN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 OCC(CO)CN C(=0)nl ccc(nl)c2oc(CN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl nc(csl )c2oc(CN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=O)n 1 ccc(n 1 )c2oc(CN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=O)cl ccn(nl)c2nc(CN3CCNCC3)oc2c4ccc(F)cc4 COcI cc(F)ccc1 c2nc(CN3CCNCC3)nn2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C COc 1 Cc(F)CCC I c2nc(CN3CCNCC3)oc2c4csc(n4)C(=0)NC(C)C CC(C)CNC(=0)n 1 ccc(n 1 )n2nc(CN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)c1 nc(csl)c2oc(CN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CN=C(S)Nl CCN(Cc2nc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n(n2)c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C)CCl CN=C(S)N 1 CCN(Cc2oc(c(n2)c3ccc(F)cn3)n4ccc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C)CCl CN=C(S)Nl CCN(Cc2nc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n(n2)c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NC(C)C)CCl CN=C(S)N 1 CCN(Cc2oc(c3csc(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cc4)CCl CNC(=S)Nl CCN(Cc2nc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n(n2)c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C)CCl CN=C(S)N 1 CCN(Cc2oc(c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NCC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cn4)CCl CN=C(S)N 1 CCN(Cc2oc(c3ccc(F)cn3)c(n2)c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(C)C)CCl CN=C(S)N 1 CCN(Cc2nc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n(n2)c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C)CCl CC(C)NC(=O)clcsc(nl)n2nc(nc2c3ccc(F)cn3)N4CCOCC4 CC(C)NC(=O)clccn(nl)c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cn3)N4CCOCC4 CC(C)NC(=O)c1 nc(csl)n2nc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCOCC4 CC(C)NC(=O)clcsc(nl)c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCOCC4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(nn2c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C)N4CCOCC4 CC(C)CNC(=O)n 1 ccc(n 1 )n2nc(nc2c3 ccc(F)cn3)N4CCOCC4 CC(C)CNC(=O)nlccc(nl)c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCOCC4 CC(C)CNC(=O)clnc(csl)c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCOCC4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl nc(csl )n2nc(nc2c3ccc(F)cn3)N4CCOCC4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl csc(nl )c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cn3)N4CCOCC4 OCC(CO)CN C(=O)cl ccn(n1 )c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCOCC4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(nn2c3nc(cs3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)N4CCOCC4 CC(C)NC(=O)nl ccc(n 1 )c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cn3)N4CCNCC4 CC(C)NC(=O)cl nc(csl )c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cn3)N4CCNCC4 CC(C)NC(=O)cl csc(nl )n2nc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCNCC4 CC(C)NC(=O)cl ccn(nl )c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCNCC4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(nn2c3csc(n3)C(=O)NCC(C)C)N4CCNCC4 COcI Cc(F)CCCl c2oc(nc2c3nc(cs3)C(=O)NCC(C)C)N4CCNCC4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl csc(n 1 )n2nc(nc2c3ccc(F)cn3)N4CCNCC4 COcI cc(F)ccc1 c2nc(oc2c3ccn(n3)C(=0)NCC(CO)CO)N4CCNCC4 COcI cc(F)ccc1 c2nc(oc2c3ccn(n3)C(=0)NC(C)C)N4CCN(CC4)C(=0)CO COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(oc2c3csc(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)CO COcI cc(F)cccl c2oc(nc2n3ccc(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)CO CC(C)CN C(=O)cl nc(csl)c2nc(oc2c3ccc(F)cn3)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)CO CC(C)CNC(=0)n 1 ccc(n 1 )n2nc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)CO CC(C)CNC(=O)cl csc(nl)n2nc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)CO OCC(CO)CNC(=O)clccn(nl)c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cn3)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)CO OCC(CO)CNC(=O)nl ccc(nl)c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cn3)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)CO CCNl CN(CCc2nc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n(n2)c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C)Cl CCNl CN(CCc2nc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n(n2)c4csc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C)Cl CCN 1 CN(CCc2oc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)c(n2)n4ccc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C)Cl CCNl CN(CCc2oc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)c(n2)c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NC(C)C)Cl CCN 1 CN(CCc2oc(c3nc(cs3)C(=O)NCC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cn4)C1 CCN 1 CN(CCc2nc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n(n2)c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(C)C)Cl CCN 1 CN(CCc2nc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n(n2)c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)Cl CCN 1 CN(CCc2oc(c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cn4)Cl CC(C)NC(=O)n 1 ccc(n 1 )c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cn3)C4CCNC4 CC(C)NC(=O)clccn(n1)c2nc(oc2c3ccc(F)cc3)C4CCNC4 COcI CC(F)CCd c2nc(nn2c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C)C4CCNC4 CC(C)CNC(=O)cl csc(n1 )n2nc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)C4CCNC4
COCC(=O)N 1 CCN(CCl )c2nc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n(n2)c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C COCC(=0)N 1 CCN(CCl )c2nc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n(n2)c4csc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C COCQ=O)N 1 CCN(CC 1 )c2oc(c3nc(cs3)C(=O)NC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cn4 C0CC(=0)Nl CCN(CCl )c2nc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n(n2)c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NC(C)C COCC(=O)NlCCN(CCl)c2nc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n(n2)c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C COCC(=O)Nl CCN(CCl)c2oc(c3nc(cs3)C(=O)NCC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=O)cl csc(nl)n2nc(SCCCN(C)C)nc2c3ccc(F)cn3 CC(C)NC(=O)n1ccc(nl)c2nc(oc2c3ccc(F)cn3)SCCCN(C)C COcI Cc(F)CCCl c2nc(SCCCN(C)C)nn2c3csc(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C COcI CC(F)CCcI c2nc(SCCCN(C)C)nn2c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NCC(C)C CN(C)CCCScI oc(c2ccc(F)cc2)c(nl)c3csc(n3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO COCCCcI nc(c2ccc(F)cc2)n(nl)c3csc(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C COCCCcI oc(c2csc(n2)C(=0)NC(C)C)c(n 1 )c3ccc(F)cc3OC COCCCcI oc(c2ccc(F)cc2OC)c(n 1 )c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C COCCCcI oc(c2csc(n2)C(=O)NCC(C)C)c(nl )c3ccc(F)cn3
COCCCcI oc(c2nc(cs2)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)c(n 1 )c3ccc(F)cn3 COCCCcI nc(c2ccc(F)cc2OC)n(n 1 )c3nc(cs3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO CC(C)NC(=0)n 1 ccc(n 1 )c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N(C)C CC(C)NC(=0)cl nc(cs 1 )c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N(C)C CN(C)cloc(c2ccc(F)cn2)c(nl)c3csc(n3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO CN(C)cl nc(c2ccc(F)cc2)n(nl)c3csc(n3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO CN(C)Cl oc(c2nc(cs2)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)c(n 1 )c3ccc(F)cc3 COcI cc(F)ccc1 c2nc(nn2c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)N(C)C CC(C)NC(=O)cl nc(csl)c2ocnc2c3ccc(F)cn3 CC(C)NC(=O)cl csc(nl)c2ncoc2c3ccc(F)cn3 CC(C)NC(=O)nlccc(n1)n2ncnc2c3ccc(F)cc3 CC(C)NC(=0)cl csc(n 1 )n2ncnc2c3ccc(F)cc3 CC(C)NC(=0)clccn(nl)c2ncoc2c3ccc(F)cc3 COcI cc(F)cccl c2ncnn2c3csc(n3)C(=OJNC(C)C CC(C)CNC(=O)cl nc(csl )n2ncnc2c3ccc(F)cn3 CC(C)CNC(=O)cl csc(n1 )n2ncnc2c3ccc(F)cn3 CC(C)CNC(=O)nlccc(nl)c2ocnc2c3ccc(F)cn3 CC(C)CNC(=O)c1csc(nl)c2ocnc2c3ccc(F)cc3
COcI Cc(F)CCCl c2ncnn2c3ccn(n3)C(=O)ΗCC(C)C COcI Cc(F)CCCl c2ncnn2c3nc(cs3)C(=O)NCC(C)C COcI Cc(F)CCCl c2ocnc2n3ccc(n3)C(=0)NCC(C)C OCC(CO)CN C(=0)n 1 ccc(n 1 )n2ncnc2c3ccc(F)cn3 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl ccn(nl )c2ocnc2c3ccc(F)cn3 OCC(CO)CN C(=0)n 1 ccc(n 1 )c2ncoc2c3 ccc(F)cc3 CC(C)NC(=O)cl csc(n 1 )c2nc(C)oc2c3ccc(F)cc3 CC(C)CNC(=O)cl ccn(n 1 )c2nc(C)oc2c3ccc(F)cc3 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(C)oc2c3nc(cs3)C(=0)NCC(CO)CO CC(C)NC(=O)clcsc(nl)n2nc(CO)nc2c3ccc(F)cn3 ' CC(C)NC(=O)clccn(nl)c2nc(CO)oc2c3ccc(F)cn3 CC(C)CN C(=O)clnc(csl)c2nc(CO)oc2c3ccc(F)cn3 0CC(CO)CNC(=0)c1 nc(cs 1 )c2oc(CO)nc2c3ccc(F)cc3 CC(C)NC(=O)clncn(nl)c2nn(C3CCOCC3)c(O)c2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=O)clncn(n1)C2=C(ON(C3CCNCC3)C2=O)c4ccc(F)cc4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(nn2c3nc(c[nH]3)C(=O)NC(C)C)C4CCNCC4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl coc(nl )c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cn3)C4CCNCC4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2c(O)n(nc2n3ccc(n3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)C4CCNCC4 COcI Cc(F)CCCl C2=C(O"N(C3CCNCC3)C2=O)c4c[nH]c(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO COCC(=O)Nl CCC(CCl)N2OC(=C(C2=O)c3ccc(F)cn3)n4ncc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C COCC(=O)N 1 CCC(CC 1 )c2oc(c3coc(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cc4 COCC(=O)Nl CCC(CCl)c2nc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n(n2)c4c[nH]c(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C C0CC(=0)N 1 CCC(CC 1 )n2nc(c3oc(cc3)C(=O)NCC(C)C)c(c2O)c4ccc(F)cc4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl c[nH]c(nl)n2nc(OCCCN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=0)cl nc(c[nH]l)c2oc(OCCCN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)CNC(=0)cloc(cnl)c2oc(NCCN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)CNC(=0)cl coc(nl )n2nc(NCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=O)n 1 ccc(n 1 )C2=C(ON(CCCN3CCOCC3)C2=O)c4ccc(F)cc4 COcI cc(F)ccc1 c2c(O)n(CCCN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(CCN3CCOCC3)oc2n4cnc(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO
OCC(CO)CNC(=0)clcnn(nl)C2=C(ON(CCN3CCNCC3)C2=0)c4ccc(F)cc4 CNC(=0)N l CCN(CCc2oc(c3nc(c[nH]3)C(=0)NC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cn4)CCl CNC(=O)N 1 CCN(CCN2OC(=C(C2=O)c3ccc(F)cc3)n4cnc(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C)CC 1 CC(C)NC(=0)clocc(nl)n2nc(CN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)CNC(=O)clcnn(nl)c2nn(CN3CCOCC3)c(O)c2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=O)cloc(cnl)C2=C(ON(CN3CCNCC3)C2=O)c4ccc(F)cn4 COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(CN3CCNCC3)oc2n4ncc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C CN=C(S)Nl CCN(Cn2nc(c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C)c(c2O)c4ccc(F)cn4)CCl COcI cc(F)cccl c2oc(nc2c3oc(cc3)C(=O)NC(C)C)N4CCOCC4 CC(C)CNC(=O)clccn(nl)C2=C(ON(N3CCOCC3)C2=O)c4ccc(F)cn4 OCC(CO)CN C(=O)cloc(cnl)c2nn(N3CCOCC3)c(O)c2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=O)clcoc(nl)n2nc(nc2c3ccc(F)cn3)'N4CCNCC4 OCC(CO)CNC(=0)clncn(nl)C2=C(C(=0)N(02)N3CCNCC3)c4ccc(F)cn4 OCC(CO)CN C(=0)cl c[nH]c(nl )c2nc(oc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCNCC4 CC(C)NC(=O)cl cnn(nl)c2nn(N3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)c(O)c2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=O)clncn(nl)c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)CO COcl cc(F)ccclC2=C(C(=0)N(02)N3CCN(CC3)C(=0)CO)c4occ(n4)C(=0)NC(C)C CCNl CN(CCN2OC(=C(C2=O)c3ccc(F)cc3)c4nc(c[nH]4)C(=O)NC(C)C)Cl CCN 1 CN(CCc2oc(c3ccc(F)cc3)c(n2)c4occ(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C)C 1 CCNl CN(CCn2nc(c3c[nH]c(n3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)c(c2O)c4ccc(F)cn4)Cl COCC(=O)N 1 CCN(CCl )n2nc(c3c[nH]c(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C)c(c2O)c4ccc(F)cc40C COCC(=O)N 1 CCN(CCl )c2nc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n(n2)c4oc(cc4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO COCCCnI nc(c2nc(c[nH]2)C(=O)NC(C)C)c(cl O)c3ccc(F)cc3
COCCCN 1 SC(=C(Cl=O)c2ccc(F)cc2)n3ccc(n3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO CC(C)NC(=0)cl nc(c[nH] 1 )n2nc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N(C)C CC(C)NC(=O)clπc(c[nH]l)C2=C(ONC2=O)c3ccc(F)cn3 CC(C)NC(=O)cl ccn(nl)c2n[nH]c(O)c2c3ccc(F)cc3 CC(C)NC(=O)cl ccn(nl)C2=C(C(=O)NO2)c3ccc(F)cc3 COcI cc(F)cccl c2c(O)[nH]nc2c3oc(cn3)C(=O)NCC(C)C COcI cc(F)cccl C2=C(ONC2=O)c3oc(cc3)C(=O)NCC(C)C OCC(CO)CN C(=O)nlccc(n1)c2n[nH]c(O)c2c3ccc(F)cn3 0CC(C0)CNC(=0)n 1 ccc(nl )C2=C(C(=O)NO2)c3ccc(F)cn3 0CC(C0)CNC(=0)cl occ(nl )n2ncnc2c3ccc(F)cn3
C0CC(=0)Nl CCC(CCl )c2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(C)C COCC(=O)N 1 CCC(CCl )c2nnc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO C0CC(=0)N 1 CCC(CCl )c2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO CC(C)CNC(=0)cl nc(csl )n2c(OCCCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl csc(nl)n2c(OCCCN3CCOCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4
COcI CC(F)CCd c2nnc(OCCCN3CCOCC3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO 0CC(C0)CNC(=0)c1 nc(csl )n2c(OCCCN3CCNCC3)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 COCC(=O)Nl CCN(CCCOc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C)CCl COCC(=O)Nl CCN(CCCOc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NC(C)C)CCl COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(NCCN3CCNCC3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO COc 1 cc(F)ccc 1 c2nnc(NCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C CC(C)CNC(=O)cl csc(nl)n2c(NCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 0CC(C0)CNC(=0)n 1 ccc(n 1 )n2c(NCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)clnc(csl)n2cCNCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=O)c1 csc(nl )n2c(CCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)OC(C)C)nnc2c4ccc(F)cc4 COc1 cc(F)cccl c2nnc(CCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)OC(C)C)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C CC(C)CNC(=0)c 1 nc(cs 1 )n2c(CCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)OC(C)C)nnc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CNC(=O)N 1 CCN(CCc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C)CC 1 CNC(=O)Nl CCN(CCc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(C)C)CCl CNC(=O)N1CCN(CCc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)CCl CNC(=O)N 1 CCN(CCc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)CC 1 CNC(=S)N 1 CCN(Cc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C)CCl CN=C(S)N 1 CCN(Cc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)CC1 CN=C(S)N 1 CCN(Cc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)CCl 0CC(C0)CNC(=0)cl nc(csl )n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cn3)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)CO OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl csc(n 1 )n2c(nnc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)CO CCN 1 CN(CCc2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)C 1 COCC(=O)N1 CCN(CCI )c2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C
COCC(=O)N 1 CCN(CCl )c2nnc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n2c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO COcI cc(F)cccl c2nnc(SCCCN(C)C)n2c3nc(cs3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO COCC(=O)N 1 CCC(CC 1 )c2nc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)n(n2)c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(C)C COCC(=O)NlCCC(CCl)c2oc(c3nc(cs3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)CNC(=O)nl ccc(nl)c2oc(OCCCN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4
OCC(CO)CN C(=0)clcsc(nl)c2oc(OCCCN3CCOCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 COCC(=O)Nl CCN(CCCOc2oc(c3csc(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cn4)CCl COCC(=O)N 1 CCN(CCCOc2nc(c3ccc(F)cn3)n(n2)c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C)CC 1 COCC(=O)N 1 CCN(CCCOc2nc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n(n2)c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)CC 1 CC(C)CNC(=O)cl nc(csl )c2oc(NCCN3CCNCC3)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4
COcI cc(F)cccl c2nc(NCCN3CCNCC3)nn2c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO COclcc(F)ccclc2nc(NCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)nn2c4csc(n4)C(=O)NC(C)C 0CC(C0)CNC(=0)cl ccn(n 1 )c2oc(NCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 OCC(CO)CNC(=O)nlccc(nl)c2oc(NCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)CO)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)NC(=O)nlccc(nl)c2oc(CCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)OC(C)C)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 CC(C)NC(=0)cl csc(n 1 )n2nc(CCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)OC(C)C)nc2c4ccc(F)cc4 CC(C)CNC(=O)c 1 nc(cs I )n2nc(CCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)OC(C)C)nc2c4ccc(F)cn4 COclcc(F)ccclc2nc(CCCN3CCN(CC3)C(=O)OC(C)C)oc2n4ccc(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO CNC(=O)NlCCN(CCc2oc(c3nc(cs3)C(=O)NC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cc4OC)CCl
CNC(=O)NlCCN(CCc2nc(c3ccc(F)cn3)π(n2)c4nc(cs4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)CC1
CNC(=S)N1 CCN(Cc2oc(c3ccn(n3)C(=O)NCC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cc4OC)CCl
CN=C(S)NlCCN(Cc2oc(c3csc(n3)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cn4)CC1 CN=C(S)N 1 CCN(Cc2nc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n(n2)c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO)CC 1
OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl nc(cs 1 )n2nc(nc2c3ccc(F)cn3)N4CCN(CC4)C(=O)CO
OCC(CO)CNC(=O)cl nc(csl )c2nc(oc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N4CCN(CC4)C(=0)CO
CCN1 CN(CCc2oc(c3csc(n3)C(=O)NC(C)C)c(n2)c4ccc(F)cc4)C1
CCN 1 CN(CCc2nc(c3ccc(F)cc3)n(n2)c4csc(n4)C(=O)NCC(C)C)C 1 COCC(=O)N 1 CCN(CCl )c2oc(c3ccc(F)cc3OC)c(n2)c4ccn(n4)C(=O)NCC(CO)CO
CC(C)NC(=O)cl ccn(nl)c2oc(SCCCN(C)C)nc2c3ccc(F)cc3
CC(C)CNC(=O)cl csc(n 1 )n2nc(SCCCN(C)C)nc2c3ccc(F)cc3
COcI cc(F)cccl c2oc(SCCCN(C)C)nc2c3csc(n3)C(=0)NCC(CO)CO
CC(C)CNC(=O)clcsc(nl)c2oc(nc2c3ccc(F)cc3)N(C)C
Biological Activity Assay
ASSAYS
The activity of the compounds in examples 1-2196 has been shown to be p38 inhibitors by using the following assays. The other compounds listed above, which have not yet been made, are predicted to have activity in these assays as well.
p38α Biochemical Assay
The p38α biochemical assay employed is based on measurement of total ATP turnover following enzyme incubation with substrate in the presence of ATP with the use of a luminescent detection reagent (Cambrex PKlight). The assays were performed in 1536-well white opaque plates. The final volume was 7.5005 μL as prepared prepared from the addition of 5 ul of kinase reaction (p38 alpah+MapkapK2+ATP) with 0.0005 μL compound dissolved in DMSO, and 2.5ul of the detection reagent. Assay buffer contains the following reagents to give final concentration in the assay: 20OmM Tris, 10OmM MgC12, 1.5mM EGTA, 4mM CaC12 , 2OmM MOPS, ImM EDTA, 1% glycerol, 0.1% B- Mecaptoethanol, and 1 mg/ml BSA. Test compounds are pinned using proprietary pintool technology
(Kalypsys, Inc) and delivered as 40nl amounts into the 5ul mixture of active p38 alpha enzyme (Upstate Biotechnology) and MapkapK2 (Upstate Biotechnology) whole protein as a substrate for phosphorylation in the presence of 1.4 uM final concentration ATP. Reactions are incubated at 3OC for 2 hours and detection reagent is added in 2.5ul/well amounts. Assay is read using a Perkin Elmer Viewlux. Data is represented as IC50 in uM as determined by GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software, Inc) as shown in Table 1 below.
Results ICJO data were obtained for the compounds provided herein. Most of the compounds exhibited p38α kinase IC50 values of less than 10 μM, many less than 1 μM. Data for selected compounds is shown in the Table 1 below.
In the p38 inhibitor assay compounds of the invention generally have IC50 values of around 30 μM and below. The more active compounds have IC50 values of around 500 nM and below. The compounds of the invention are clearly potent inhibitors of p38 kinase, especially p38α kinase. In Table 1 below, (+) indicates that a compound had an IC50 of <1 μM, whereas a (— ) indicates that a compound had an IQo of >1 μM (but were not necessarily inactive).
Table 1. Biological Activity
Figure imgf000298_0001
Figure imgf000299_0001
Figure imgf000300_0001
Figure imgf000301_0001
Figure imgf000302_0001
Figure imgf000303_0001
Figure imgf000304_0001
Figure imgf000305_0001
Figure imgf000306_0001
Figure imgf000307_0001
Figure imgf000308_0001
Figure imgf000309_0001
In Vivo Assay
TNF-α Production by LPS-Stimulated Mice
Male Lewis rats (180-200 g) were injected intraperitoneal^ with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (50 μg/kg of E. coli strain 011 1 :B4, Sigma) suspended in sterile saline. Ninety minutes later, mice were sedated by CUJtO2 inhalation and a blood sample was obtained. Serum was separated and analyzed for TNF-α concentrations by commercial ELISA assay per the manufacturer's instructions (R&D Bioscience). Test compounds were administered orally at various times before LPS injection. The compounds were dosed either as suspensions or as solutions in various vehicles or solubilizing agents.
Compounds were dosed 0.5 to 3 hours before LPS stimulation. Rats were anaesthetized with Isofluor and injected i.v. with 0.3 mg/kg of LPS* in a volume of 0.3 ml sterile saline. Ninety minutes after the LPS injection, blood samples were collected into heparin tubes for preparation of plasma samples. Repression of TNFα production is assessed by commercial ELISA and reported below in Table 2.
EC50 and percent inhibition data were obtained for the compounds provided herein. The compounds screened afforded inhibition of TNFα production as EC5O values of less than 10 mg/kg in vivo. Percent inhibition data for selected compounds is shown in the Table 2 below. In Table 2 below, the repective EC50 data (+) indicates that a compound had an EC50 of < 10 mg/kg, whereas a (-) indicates that a compound had an EC50 of >10 mg/kg (but were not necessarily inactive). Futhermore, % inihibition values were reported as (+) which afforded percent inihibition of > 15%, and (-) to give % Inihibition < 15%. The ND value indicates that the data was not determined for a particular example.
Table 2. In Vivo Activity
Figure imgf000310_0001
From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions.

Claims

What is claimed is: 1. A method of inhibition of p38 kinase comprising contacting P38 with a compound of Formula I:
Figure imgf000311_0001
or a salt, ester, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein:
L, M, T, X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S; Q, U, V and W are each independently selected from the group consisting of "N and C; Z is selected from the group consisting of "N, C(O), C, O and S; R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, lower alkyl, lower alkylacyl, lower alkylalkoxy, lower alkylether, amide, amino, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)R9 , -C(S)(NR10R11), -C[N(OR12)] R13, - C(NR14XTMR10R") and -S(O)nR15; n is O, 1 or 2; R3 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, lower alkyl, lower alkylether, amino, lower aminoalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted; R5 and R6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, alkoxyaryl, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, nitro, null, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, S-sulfonamido, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R5 and R6 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R7 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkylacyl, lower alkyl, lower alkylether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, lower hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R9 is selected from the group consisting OfNR16R17, OR18, SR19, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylthio, arylsulfonyl, carbonylalkyl, carboxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl and N-carbamoyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R10, R11, R14, R16 and R17 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, lower alkenyl, alkynyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, alkylthio, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkyl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, carboxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or either pair of R10 and R1 ' or R16 and R17 may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; R12 and R13 are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R15 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, lower alkylamino, alkynyl, amino, aminocarbonylalkyl, aralkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydrogen, thio and lower thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; and
R18 and R19 are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
2. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein, the compound has the Formula II:
Figure imgf000312_0001
wherein:
R1 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower acylalkyl, lower alkoxy, amide, amino, lower aminoalkyl, lower alkylether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)R9, -C[N(ORI 2)]R13 and -S(O)nR'5; n is 0, 1 or 2;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower aminoalkyl, halo, lower haloalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R7 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, lower alkyl, lower alkylether, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted; R9 is selected from the group consisting of NR16R17, OR18, SR19, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower aminoalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, lower carbonylalkyl, heteroaralkyl, hydrogen and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted.
3. The method as recited in Claim 2 wherein, the compound has the Formula Hl:
Figure imgf000313_0001
wherein:
R1 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R2 is selected from the group consisting Of-C(O)R9 and - C(O)NR16R17; n is 0, 1 or 2;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted; and R7 is selected from the group consisting of lower acyl, lower alkyl, halo, hydrogen, hydroxyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted.
4. The method as recited in Claim 3, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)R9 and - C(O)NR16R17.
5. The method as recited in Claim 4, wherein Rs is optionally substituted phenyl.
6. The method as recited in Claim 5, wherein R16 is optionally substituted lower alkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkynyl or hydrogen.
7. The method as recited in Claim 6, wherein R9 is OR18.
8. The method as recited in Claim 7, wherein R18 is optionally substituted lower alkyl or hydrogen.
9. The method as recited in Claim 8, wherein L is S.
10. The method as recited in Claim 8, wherein Q is "N.
1 1. The method as recited in Claim 1 selected from the group consisting of Examples 1-2196.
12. A method of treatment of a p38-mediated disease in a patient in need thereof comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I:
Figure imgf000313_0002
or a salt, ester, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein:
L, M, T, X and Y are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S; Q, U, V and W are each independently selected from the group consisting of N and C; Z is selected from the group consisting of N, C(O), C, O and S; R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, lower alkyl, lower alkylacyl, lower alkylalkoxy, lower alkylether, amide, amino, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R2 is selected from the group consisting Of-C(O)R9 , -C(S)(NR10R1 '), -C[N(ORI2)]R13, - C(NR14XNR10R11) and -S(O)nR15; n is O, 1 or 2;
R3 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, lower alkyl, lower alkylether, amino, lower aminoalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R5 and Rδ are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, alkoxyaryl, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, nitro, null, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, S-sulfonamido, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted,or R5 and R6 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R7 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkylacyl, lower alkyl, lower alkylether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, lower hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
Rs is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted; R9 is selected from the group consisting OfNR16R17, OR18, SR19, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, lower aminoalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylthio, arylsulfonyl, carbonylalkyl, carboxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl ami no, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl and N-carbamoyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; R10, R11, R14, R16 and R17 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, lower alkenyl, alkynyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, alkylthio, amino, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonyl, aralkyl, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, carboxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or either pair of R10 and R1 ' or R16 and R17 may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; R12 and R13 are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R15 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, lower alkyl, lower alkylamino, alkynyl, amino, aminocarbonylalkyl, aralkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydrogen, thio and lower thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; and
RIS and R19are each independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkenyl, lower alkyl, lower alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
13. The method as recited in Claim 12 wherein said disease is selected from the group consisting of: inflammatory pain, psoriasis, acute dermatitis, arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
14. A compound of Formula VIi:
Figure imgf000315_0001
or a salt, ester, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein:
K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR27;
L is selected from the group consisting of CR28, "NR29, S and O;
Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S; M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S;
Q is selected from the group consisting of C, "N and S;
R20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR30R31, OR32, SR33, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R21 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxyl, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R23 and R24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro, null, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, phenanthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R23 and R24 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R25 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R26 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted; R28 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heterocycloalkyl and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R31 is selected from the the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R30 and R31 may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; and
R32 and R33 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
15. The compound as recited in Claim 14 having structural Formula VIII:
Figure imgf000316_0001
or a salt, ester, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein:
K is selected from the group consisting of O and NR25; Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S;
M is selected from the group consisting of C and O;
Q is selected from the group consisting of C and N;
R20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR30R3', OR32, SR33, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; and
R31 is selected from the the group consisting of C2-6 alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R30 and R3' may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted.
16. The compound as recited in Claim 15 having structural Formula IX:
Figure imgf000317_0001
or a salt, ester, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein:
Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S; M is selected from the group consisting of C and O; and Q is selected from the group consisting of C and N.
17. The compound as recited in Claim 16 having structural Formula X:
Figure imgf000317_0002
or a salt, ester, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein:
Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S; and Q is selected from the group consisting of C and N.
18. The compound as recited in Claim 17 having structural Formula XI:
Figure imgf000317_0003
or a salt, ester, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein:
Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S.
19. The compound as recited in Claim 18, wherein R26 is optionally substituted phenyl.
20. The compound as recited in Claim 19, wherein R23 or R24 is optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydrogen or null.
21. The compound as recited in Claim 20, wherein R20 is optionally substituted amine, alkylamine, heteroarylalkyl or OR32.
22. The compound as recited in Claim 14 having structural Formula XII:
Figure imgf000318_0001
or a salt, ester, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein:
K is selected from the group consisting of O, S and "NR27;
L is selected from the group consisting of CR2S, NR29, S and O; Y and X are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S;
M is selected from the group consisting of C, O and S;
Q is selected from the group consisting of C, N and S;
R20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR30R31, OR32, SR33, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, carbonyl alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyiamino, arylamino, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkylj any of which may be optionally substituted;
R21 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, acylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy and null, any of which may be optionally substituted; R22 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, ether, halo, lower haloalkyl, amino, hydroxyl, lower aminoalkyl, halo, hydrogen and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R2j and R24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkanoyl, alkoxy, lower alkyl, alkylene, amido, amino, aminoalkyl, annulenyl, anthracenyl, arylalkoxy, azulenyl, benzyl, biphenyl, carboxy, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, ester, guanidino, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, imino, iminohydroxy, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, nitro, null, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, phenanthryl, tetrahydronaphthyl, thio and ureido, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R23 and R24 may combine to form heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R25 is selected from the group consisting of acyl, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, ether, halo, hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl and null, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R26 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl, either of which may be optionally substituted;
R27 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted; R28 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted;
R29 is selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, amino, hydrogen and hydroxy, any of which may be optionally substituted; R30 is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; R3' is selected from the the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R"'0 and R3' may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted; and R32 and R33 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted.
23. The compound as recited in Claim 22 having structural Formula XIII:
Figure imgf000319_0001
or a salt, ester, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein:
K is selected from the group consisting of O and NR27; L is selected from the group consisting of CR28, NR29, S and O; Y and X are each selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S; R20 is selected from the group consisting OfNR30R31, OR32, SR33, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, haloalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylamino, hydrogen, O-carbamoyl, N-carbamoyl, null and thioalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; and
R31 is selected from the the group consisting of C2-6 alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, alkylthio, aminoalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, arylaminocarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, carbonylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and hydrogen, any of which may be optionally substituted, or R30 and R3' may combine to form heterocycloalkyl, which may be optionally substituted.
24. The compound as recited in Claim 23 having structural Formula XIV:
Figure imgf000319_0002
or a salt, ester, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein:
K is selected from the group consisting of O and NR27; and Y and X are each selected from the group consisting of "N, C, O and S.
25. The compound as recited in Claim 24 having structural Formula XV:
Figure imgf000320_0001
or a salt, ester, tautomer or prodrug thereof, wherein: Y and X are each selected from the group consisting of N, C, O and S.
26. The compound as recited in Claim 25, wherein R26 is optionally substituted phenyl.
27. The compound as recited in Claim 26, wherein R23 or R24 is optionally substituted alkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydrogen or null.
28. The compound as recited in Claim 27, wherein R20 is optionally substituted alkyl, alkylamine, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or arylamine.
29. The compound as recited in Claim 14 selected from the group consisting of Examples 1-26, 27-33, 35-36, 38-44, 46-78, 80-97, 98-2159, 2161 -2179, 2184-2185 and 2189-2194.
30. A compound as recited in Claim 14 for use in the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of a disease or condition ameliorated by the inhibition of p38 kinase.
31. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as recited in Claim 14 together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
32. The pharmaceutical composition as recited in Claim 31, useful for the treatment or prevention of a p38-mediated disease.
33. The pharmaceutical composition as recited in Claim 32, formulated for topical administration.
34. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a) a compound as recited in Claim 14, and b) another therapeutic agent, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
35. The pharmaceutical composition as recited in Claim 34, formulated for topical administration.
36. The pharmaceutical composition as recited in Claim 35, for the treatment of inflammatory pain.
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