WO2006104161A1 - c-Met自己リン酸化阻害作用を有するチエノピリジン誘導体、キノリン誘導体、およびキナゾリン誘導体 - Google Patents
c-Met自己リン酸化阻害作用を有するチエノピリジン誘導体、キノリン誘導体、およびキナゾリン誘導体 Download PDFInfo
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4365—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system having sulfur as a ring hetero atom, e.g. ticlopidine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
Definitions
- cenoviridine derivatives cenoviridine derivatives, quinoline derivatives, and quinazoline derivatives having c_Met autophosphate inhibition activity
- the present invention relates to a chenoviridine derivative, a quinoline derivative, and a quinazoline derivative having c-Met autophosphate inhibitory activity, and more particularly, a chenoviridine derivative, a quinoline derivative, and a quinazoline useful for the treatment of malignant tumors Relates to derivatives.
- HGF hepatocyte growth factor
- HGF HGF or its receptor
- NK4 As a receptor antagonist of HGF, NK4, a partial peptide of HGF, has been reported. This NK4 inhibits c Met phosphorylation of various cancer cells, and also suppresses cell motility and cell infiltration. Have been reported to inhibit tumor growth in an in vivo cancer transplantation model, possibly through angiogenesis inhibition (Oncogene, 17, 3045 (1998), Cancer Res., 60, 6737 (2000)). , British J. Cancer, 84, 864 (2001), Int. J. Cancer, 85, 563 (2000)).
- NK4 is a peptide
- the present inventors have found that a certain group of quinoline derivatives and chenoviridine derivatives have cMet autophosphate inhibitory activity and an antitumor effect.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a compound having antitumor activity.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or substituted, and represents an unsaturated 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic group
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom
- X represents CH or N
- Z represents O or S
- E is absent or is a halogen atom, C alkyl, and C alkoxy
- 1-4 represents a substituent on the phenol group selected from 1-4, the number represents a substitutable position
- T may be substituted by a halogen atom, C alkyl, or C alkoxy
- R 11 and R 12 represent C alkoxy which may be the same or different, D is C
- G represents O or S
- L is absent or is a halogen atom, C alkyl, and C alkoxy
- M represents O or S
- Q represents a bicyclic 9-membered unsaturated heterocyclic group optionally substituted by a halogen atom
- FIG. 1 is a view showing the bone forming plate area (mm 2 ) of each group in Pharmacological Test Example 9.
- ns means that there is no significant difference in each group.
- alkyl and alkoxy as a group or part of a group mean a linear or branched alkyl group and an alkoxy group.
- C alkyl examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, and n-butyl.
- C alkoxy examples include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n
- Examples include butoxy, i-butoxy, s-butoxy, and t-butoxy.
- the halogen atom means a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- the unsaturated 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring contains one or more hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, and a sulfur atom.
- the unsaturated 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring can preferably be a heterocyclic ring containing 1 or 2 hetero atoms and the remaining ring member atoms are carbon atoms. Examples of unsaturated 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic groups include chenyl and imidazolyl.
- Unsaturated bicyclic 9-10 membered heterocyclic groups contain one or more heteroatoms where oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur atom forces are also selected.
- the unsaturated bicyclic 9-10 membered heterocycle can preferably be a heterocycle containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms with the remaining ring member atoms being carbon atoms.
- Examples of unsaturated bicyclic 9-10 membered heterocycles include indolyl, indazolyl, 1H-pyro-mouth [2,3-b] pyridine, 1H pyrazo-mouth [3, 4-b] pyridine. It is done.
- treatment is used to mean “prevention”.
- a first aspect according to the present invention relates to a chenoviridine derivative.
- the unsaturated 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic group represented by R 1 is preferably an unsaturated 5-membered heterocyclic group, more preferably an imidazolyl group, and even more preferably 1H-imidazole 2- Most preferably, the formula (a):
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or C alkyl (preferably methyl)
- the substituent of the heterocyclic group represented by R 1 is preferably a C alkyl group, more preferably
- R 1 is preferably a C alkyl group (preferably a methyl group).
- 1-4 represents imidazolyl which may be substituted by an alkyl group (preferably a methyl group), and more preferably 1H-imidazole which may be substituted by a C alkyl group (preferably a methyl group).
- X preferably represents CH.
- Z preferably represents O.
- E is preferably absent or C-alkoxy at the 2-position (preferably methoxy
- a halogen atom at the 3-position preferably a chlorine atom or a fluorine atom.
- the unsaturated 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic group represented by T can be preferably an unsaturated 5-membered heterocyclic group, more preferably a chenyl group.
- the unsaturated 9 to 10-membered bicyclic carbocyclic group and heterocyclic group represented by T is preferably an unsaturated 9-membered bicyclic heterocyclic group, more preferably an indazolyl group. Can be.
- T is preferably substituted by a halogen atom, C alkyl, or C alkoxy.
- 1-4 1-4 may represent indazolyl optionally substituted by alkoxy.
- X represents CH
- Z represents O
- J represents S
- X represents CH and Z represents O
- O represents O
- R 1 represents the formula (a) (wherein R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or C alkyl),
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom
- X represents CH
- E is absent or halogen atom, C alkyl, and C alkoxy
- Substituted with C alkoxy represents an unsaturated 9-membered bicyclic heterocyclic group
- R 3 may represent C alkyl (preferably methyl).
- E is also a C alkoxy at the 2-position (preferably methoxy
- a halogen atom at the 3-position preferably a chlorine atom or a fluorine atom.
- T is also a halogen atom, C alkyl, or C
- a phenyl group which may be substituted by a halogen atom, or a halogen atom, C alkyl, or C alkoxide.
- Preferred compounds among the compounds of formula (I) are as follows.
- the numbers in parentheses correspond to the example numbers.
- the most preferred examples of the compound of the first aspect include the compound of Example 1 and the compound of Example 9.
- a second aspect according to the invention relates to quinoline derivatives and quinazoline derivatives.
- R 11 and R 12 preferably represent methoxy.
- D preferably represents CH.
- G preferably represents O.
- L is preferably absent or is a halogen atom at the 3 position (preferably a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom), a halogen atom at the 2 position (preferably a fluorine atom), or a C alkoxy at the 2 position (Preferably methoxy).
- Preferred combinations of D, G, and M include the case where D represents CH, G represents O, and represents M force, and D represents CH, G represents O, and M represents O. The case where it represents is mentioned.
- Q is preferably the formula (b):
- Formulas (b), (c), (d), and (e) are preferably unsubstituted or a halogen atom at the 3-position (preferably a chlorine atom); a halogen atom at the 4-position (Preferably a fluorine atom); or a 7-position halogen atom (preferably a fluorine atom) as a substituent.
- R 11 and R 12 force S represents a methoxy group
- D represents CH
- L is absent or halogen atom, C alkyl, and C alkoxy
- M represents O or S
- Examples include compounds in which Q represents formula (b) (the group represented by this formula may be substituted by a halogen atom, and the number in the formula represents a substitutable position).
- L preferably represents a halogen atom at the 3-position (preferably a fluorine atom).
- M also represents O.
- R 11 and R 12 force S represents a methoxy group
- L is absent or halogen atom, C alkyl, and C alkoxy
- M represents O or S
- Examples include compounds in which Q represents formula (c) (the group represented by this formula may be substituted by a halogen atom, and the number in the formula represents a substitutable position).
- L preferably represents a halogen atom at the 3-position (preferably a fluorine atom).
- M preferably also represents S.
- R 11 and R 12 force S represents a methoxy group
- G represents O, L is absent or halogen atom, C alkyl, and C alkoxy
- M represents O or S
- Examples include compounds in which Q represents formula (d) (the group represented by this formula may be substituted by a halogen atom, and the number in the formula represents a substitutable position).
- L is preferably a halogen atom at the 3-position (preferably a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom), a C alkoxy group at the 2-position (preferably methoxy), or the 2-position.
- M preferably also represents O.
- M preferably also represents S.
- the formula (d) is preferably an unsubstituted force, or a halogen atom at the 3-position (preferably a chlorine atom); a halogen atom at the 4-position (preferably fluorine) Atom); or a 7-position halogen atom (preferably a fluorine atom) as a substituent.
- R 11 and R 12 force S represents a methoxy group
- L is absent or halogen atom, C alkyl, and C alkoxy
- M represents O or S
- Examples include compounds in which Q represents formula (e) (the group represented by this formula may be substituted by a halogen atom, and the number in the formula represents a substitutable position).
- L preferably represents a halogen atom at the 3-position (preferably a fluorine atom) or a C alkoxy group at the 2-position (preferably methoxy).
- M preferably also represents O.
- M preferably also represents S.
- the formula (e) is preferably unsubstituted.
- Preferred compounds among the compounds of formula (IV) are as follows. Number in parentheses Corresponds to the example number.
- the compound of the first aspect and the compound of the second aspect and salts thereof according to the present invention may be pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
- Preferred examples include alkali salts or alkaline earth metal salts such as sodium salt, strong potassium salt or calcium salt, halogenated salt such as hydrofluoric acid salt, hydrochloride salt, hydrobromide salt, hydroiodide salt.
- Inorganic acid salts such as nitrates, perchlorates, sulfates and phosphates, alkyl sulfonates such as methane sulfonate, trifluoromethane sulfonate, ethane sulfonate, and alkyl sulfonates such as paratoluene sulfonate.
- Organic acid salts such as reelsulfonate, fumarate, succinate, succinate, tartrate, oxalate, maleate, acetate, malate, lactate, ascorbate, and Examples thereof include amino acid salts such as glycinate, ferulanate, glutamate, and aspartate.
- the compound of the first aspect and the compound of the second aspect and salts thereof according to the present invention may be solvates.
- solvates include hydrates, alcohol solvates (eg, methanol solvate, ethanol solvate), and ether solvates (eg, jet ether solvate).
- KDR inhibitors having an inhibitory effect on KDR autophosphorylation have been confirmed to be effective against various cancers including renal cancer, but at the same time, such as increased blood pressure and renal damage. It has also been reported to induce side effects (Bull. Cancer, 92 S29 (2005)). In addition, there is a report that KDR inhibitors are prominent in thickening bone growth plates of animals in the growing phase (Cane er Res. 65, 4389 (2005)), and this fact is reported in patients in the growing phase. This suggests the possibility of inducing the same phenomenon when administered to selenium. Based on the above, when treating humans, compounds with c Met autophosphate inhibitory activity are weak in KDR autophosphate inhibitory activity, that is, c MetZKDR selectivity is high. It is desirable to reduce the above side effects.
- Some of the compounds according to the present invention have a strong cMet autophosphate inhibitory action, while a weak KDR autophosphate inhibitory action exists. Such compounds are unlikely to induce side effects due to KDR autophosphate inhibition.
- Examples of compounds with strong c Met autophosphate inhibitory activity but weak KDR autophosphate inhibitory activity include compounds A and B.
- compound A is a growing animal Induced the thickening of the bone growth plate of the rat (pharmacological test example 9).
- Compound A has an antitumor effect by the administration method similar to the above-described bone growth plate thickening induction test.
- a compound having a C-Met autophosphate inhibitory activity is preferably a compound exhibiting an appropriate metabolic rate that is considered preferable as a therapeutic agent.
- Some of the compounds according to the present invention exhibit moderate metabolic rates that are considered to be preferred as therapeutic agents in human liver microsome tests.
- An example of such a compound is Compound A (data not shown).
- the compounds according to the present invention can be prepared according to the following schemes 1 to 7.
- the starting materials necessary for the synthesis of the compounds according to the invention are commercially available or can be readily prepared by conventional methods.
- the substituents in the scheme have the same definitions as in formula (1), formula ( ⁇ ), and formula (a).
- 3-aminothiophene can be produced by reacting a 3-aminothiophene derivative in a suitable basic solution (for example, an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide) under reflux, followed by acid treatment.
- a suitable basic solution for example, an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide
- 3-aminothiophene was reacted in the presence of a suitable cyclizing agent (eg, 2,2 dimethyl-1,3 dioxane 4,6 dione) in a suitable solvent (eg, triethylorthoformate)
- chenobilidone can be produced by heating in a suitable solvent (for example, a mixed solution of diphenyl ether and ether).
- Chenobiridon 7-chlorothienopyridine can be synthesized by reacting in the presence of a chlorinating agent (for example, phosphorus oxychloride).
- a chlorinating agent for example, phosphorus oxychloride
- 7-chloro chenoviridine in a suitable solvent (eg tetrahydrofuran) in the presence of a base (eg normal butyl lithium) in the presence of an iodine additive (eg iodine).
- a suitable solvent eg tetrahydrofuran
- a base eg normal butyl lithium
- an iodine additive eg iodine
- the reagent corresponding to R 3 is activated with an appropriate base (for example, normal butyl lithium) in an appropriate solvent (for example, tetrahydrofuran), exchanged with an appropriate metal salt (for example, dichlorozinc), 7-Chrono-Chenoviridine derivatives can be produced by reacting with 2-Cho-Chrono-Chenoviridine in the presence of a suitable catalyst (for example, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) paradium).
- an appropriate base for example, normal butyl lithium
- an appropriate solvent for example, tetrahydrofuran
- an appropriate metal salt for example, dichlorozinc
- 7-Chrono-Chenoviridine derivatives can be produced by reacting with 2-Cho-Chrono-Chenoviridine in the presence of a suitable catalyst (for example, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) paradium).
- a 7- (nitrophenoxy) chenobilidine derivative is synthesized by reacting a nitrophenol derivative with a 7- (clophenoxy) chenobilidine derivative in an appropriate solvent (eg, black benzene), and then an appropriate solvent (eg, a 7- (aminophenoxy) chenobiridine derivative can be produced by reacting in N, N dimethylformamide) in the presence of a catalyst (for example, palladium hydroxide-carbon or palladium-carbon) in a hydrogen atmosphere.
- a catalyst for example, palladium hydroxide-carbon or palladium-carbon
- the aminophenol derivative is allowed to react with a 7-clocheminobilidine derivative in the presence of a base (eg, sodium hydride) in an appropriate solvent (eg, dimethyl sulfoxide).
- a base eg, sodium hydride
- an appropriate solvent eg, dimethyl sulfoxide
- a carbothiothiourea derivative can be produced by reacting a carboxythioisocyanate derivative with a 4 (aminophenoxy) chenoviridine derivative in a suitable solvent (for example, toluene / ethanol mixed solvent).
- a suitable solvent for example, toluene / ethanol mixed solvent.
- Carbonylthioisocyanate derivatives can be easily produced by commercially available force or by a conventional method.
- a carboxylic thioisocyanate derivative can be produced by reacting an acid chloride derivative with potassium thiocyanate in a suitable solvent (for example, acetonitrile).
- a thioisocyanate derivative is reacted with a 4 (aminophenoxy) chenoviridine derivative in a suitable solvent (for example, black mouth form) by reaction with a thioisocyanate toy additive (for example, di-2-pyridylthiocarbonate).
- a thioisocyanate toy additive for example, di-2-pyridylthiocarbonate.
- a carbonylthiourea derivative can be produced by reacting the obtained thioisocyanate derivative with an amide derivative in the presence of a suitable base (for example, sodium hydride) in a suitable solvent (for example, dimethylformamide).
- Carboxamating agent eg, chloroformate phenol
- (aminophenoxy) chenoviridine derivative in the presence of a suitable base (eg, sodium hydride) in a suitable solvent (eg, dimethylformamide).
- a suitable base eg, sodium hydride
- a suitable solvent eg, dimethylformamide
- a carbonyl urea derivative can be produced by reacting the obtained carbamate derivative with an amide derivative in an appropriate solvent (for example, ortho-xylene).
- the 4 black mouth quinoline derivative is, for example, conventional means as described in Org. Synth. Col. Vol. 3, 272 (1955), Acta Chim. Hung., 112, 241 (1983), or W098Z47873. Can be synthesized.
- An example of the synthesis of a 4-cloguchiquinoline derivative is as shown in Scheme 3.
- a 2-aminoacetophenone derivative in a suitable solvent (eg, tetrahydrofuran) in the presence of a formate ester (eg, ethyl formate ester) and a base (eg, sodium methoxide), Quinolone derivatives can be produced.
- a 4-chloroquinoline derivative can be produced by reacting a quinolone derivative in the presence of a chlorinating agent (for example, phosphorus oxychloride).
- the 4-cloquinoquinoline derivative can be obtained, for example, as follows. 2 Prepare the aminobenzoate derivative of formamide and base (for example, sodium methoxide) in an appropriate solvent (for example, a mixed solvent of N, N-dimethylformamide and methanol). By reacting in the presence, a quinazolone derivative can be produced. By reacting the quinazolone derivative in the presence of a chlorinating agent (for example, phosphorus oxychloride), a 4-cloquinoquinoline derivative can be produced.
- a chlorinating agent for example, phosphorus oxychloride
- a suitable solvent eg N, N-dimethylformamide
- 4 (aminophenoxy) quinoline derivatives can produce the corresponding quinazoline derivatives.
- the nitro group can also be reduced with zinc, iron or the like.
- the 4-phenylquinoline derivative or the corresponding quinazoline derivative is allowed to act on the aminophenol derivative in the presence of a base (eg, sodium hydride) in an appropriate solvent (eg, dimethyl sulfoxide).
- a base eg, sodium hydride
- an appropriate solvent eg, dimethyl sulfoxide
- a 4- (aminophenoxy) quinazoline derivative is prepared by dissolving an aminophenol derivative in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide and a 4-chloroquinazoline derivative dissolved in an appropriate organic solvent (for example, ethylmethylketone) and a phase transfer catalyst (for example, it can also be produced by carrying out a two-phase reaction in the presence of tetra-n-butylammonium chloride) or without a catalyst.
- an appropriate organic solvent for example, ethylmethylketone
- a phase transfer catalyst for example, it can also be produced by carrying out a two-phase reaction in the presence of tetra-n-butylammonium chloride or without a catalyst.
- the raw material of the heterocyclic condensed ring corresponding to Q can be obtained by purchasing a commercially available compound or by a general method.
- indazole derivatives and the like can be synthesized as follows. That is, the corresponding indazole derivative can be produced by heating benzaldehyde substituted with halogen or the like in the ortho position and hydrazines. Furthermore, in the presence of a suitable base (such as sodium hydride), OC-haloacetic acid esters (such as methyl bromoacetate) are reacted to form an acetic acid ester derivative, which is then converted to an amide compound that is an important intermediate with aqueous ammonia. it can.
- a suitable base such as sodium hydride
- OC-haloacetic acid esters such as methyl bromoacetate
- a compound of the formula ( ⁇ ), that is, a derivative having carbourea or carbothiourea can be synthesized according to Scheme 7.
- the compound according to the present invention has a tumor growth inhibitory action in vivo (see Pharmacological Test Examples 4, 5, and 6).
- the compound according to the present invention is also caused by HGF stimulation of human epidermoid carcinoma cell A431 in vitro and c-Met autophosphate and gastric cancer cell MKN45 constitutively in an HGF-independent manner. Inhibits cMet autophosphate that occurs (see Pharmacology Examples 2 and 3).
- c Met promotes proliferation and motility in various cell types by HGF stimulation, and by autologous phosphorylation by tyrosine kinases in the intracellular region of cancer cells independent of HGF ( J. Biochem., 119, 591 (1996), Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 88, 564, (1997), Int. J. Cancer, 78, 750, (1998)).
- HGF histoneum
- cMet mutants that have acquired HGF independence have been reported. It is thought to be related to proliferation, invasion and metastasis (Int. J. Cancer, 55, 72, (1993), Oncology Reports, 5, 101 3 (1998), Proc. Natl.
- HGF has also been reported to promote vascular endothelial cell proliferation and migration activity via c-Met and promote angiogenesis (Circulation, 97, 381 (1998), Clinical Cancer Res., 5, 3695, (1999)), the relationship with angiogenesis in cancer is also speculated.
- the compound according to the present invention can suppress the proliferation, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis of these cancer cells.
- the compounds according to the invention can be used for the treatment of malignant tumors.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of the first aspect or the compound of the second aspect according to the present invention.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention can be used for the treatment of malignant tumors such as brain tumor, stomach cancer, colon cancer, spleen cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer.
- malignant tumors such as brain tumor, stomach cancer, colon cancer, spleen cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer.
- a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of the first aspect or the compound of the second aspect according to the present invention is administered together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to a human in need of treatment.
- a method of treating a malignant tumor comprising administering to a containing mammal.
- the present invention also provides the use of the compound of the first aspect or the compound of the second aspect according to the present invention for the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of a malignant tumor.
- c Met autophosphorylation inhibitor blocks the role of HGFZc-Met signal in various cancer cells, vascular endothelial cells, epithelial cells, hematopoietic cells and hepatocytes by blocking HGFZc-Met signal. It can be used to study downstream signaling. In recent years, antisense and siRNA technologies have been frequently applied to such research, but these are methods for controlling protein expression. Since the effect of inhibition of kinase activity can be verified only by a kinase inhibitor, the compound according to the present invention is useful as a reagent for studying in vivo effects of cMet autophosphate inhibition.
- a c-Met autophosphate inhibitor comprising the compound according to the present invention.
- the present invention also provides a research reagent for HGFZc-Met signaling.
- the compound according to the present invention should be administered to humans and non-human animals by any of the oral and parenteral routes (eg, intravenous administration, intramuscular administration, subcutaneous administration, rectal administration, transdermal administration). Can do. Therefore, the pharmaceutical composition containing the compound according to the present invention as an active ingredient is formulated into an appropriate dosage form according to the administration route.
- the oral preparation include tablets, capsules, powders, granules, and syrups
- examples of the parenteral preparation include injections, suppositories, tapes, and ointments.
- excipients include lactose, glucose, corn starch, sorbit, and crystalline cellulose.
- disintegrants include starch, sodium alginate, gelatin powder, calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, and dextrin. etc.
- binders include dimethylolenorerose, polyvinylenoleoleconole, polyvinylinoatenole, methinoresenorelose, ethylcellulose, gum arabic, gelatin, hydroxypropylcellulose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Examples thereof include talc, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, hydrogenated vegetable oil, and the like.
- the injection can be produced by adding a buffer, a pH adjuster, a stabilizer, an isotonic agent, a preservative, and the like as necessary.
- the content of the compound according to the present invention varies depending on the dosage form. Usually 0.5 to 50% by weight, preferably 1 to 20% by weight in the total composition. is there.
- the dose is a force determined appropriately according to individual cases, taking into account the patient's age, weight, sex, disease difference, symptom level, etc. Preferably, it is in the range of 1 to: LOOmgZkg This should be administered once or several times a day.
- the compound according to the present invention can be administered in combination with other medicaments, for example, anticancer agents.
- Administration can be simultaneous or chronological.
- the type of anticancer drug and the administration interval can be determined depending on the type of cancer and the patient's condition.
- Example 1 N (3 Chloro-4 ⁇ “2— (1 Methyl-1H-2 imidazolyl) thieno“ 3.2—blpyridine-7-yl ⁇ oxy ⁇ phenyl) — ⁇ — ⁇ 2 (4 Fluorophylonyl) ) A Setil [Chemical 15]
- Example 4 to 13 were synthesized according to the methods of Examples 1, 2, and 3.
- Table 1 shows the chemical structural formula, starting materials, and synthesis method of the obtained compound.
- Example 7 N (3 Fluoro 4 ⁇ “2— (1 Methyl 1H—2 Imidazolyl) thieno“ 3.2 W pyridine 7-yloxy ⁇ phenyl) ⁇ — (2 phenylacetyl) thiourea
- Example 12 N— (3 Fluoro 4 ⁇ “2— (1 Methyl 1 ⁇ — 2 Imidazolyl) Ceno“ 3.2—b, Pyridine 1-yl ⁇ oxy ⁇ phenyl) N— “2— ( 1H— 1—Indazolyl) Acetyl ⁇ Urea
- the title compound was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example C using 2.2 [(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinolyl) oxy] -2-methoxy-line as the starting material in a yield of 61%.
- Phenol N—4 [(6,7 Dimethoxy-4-quinolyl) oxy] —3 Fluorophenol Luluca carbamate ((Manufacturing Example EE)) ((11 .. 9922gg)) and 22—— ((11HH——Indazolyluryl)) acecetamide ((Manufactured Production Example BB)) ((11 .. OOgg)) was added to oo koxysylene ((115500 mmll)) and stirred at 118800 ° CC for 44 hours. . The solvent medium is distilled off, and the resulting residual residue is expanded and expanded with a chloromethane mouth holformum ZZ methatananol. The product was refined by gugra raffiy and the compound of the title was obtained at 11.00 gg with a yield rate of 4400%. .
- Example 16 35 was synthesized according to the methods of Examples 14 and 15.
- the data to specify the chemical structural formula, starting material, synthesis method and substance of the obtained compound is 33 ⁇ 4 / co.
- Example 16 N—4— “ ⁇ 7-dimethyloxy 4 quinoxy 1_ 3 -funoleolofeni — NMR (CDC1, 400MHz): 4.05 (s, 3H), 4.05 (s, 3H), 4.97 (s, 2H),
- Example 17 ⁇ - ⁇ 4-((6.7 Dimethoxy-4-quinolyl) oxy ⁇ 2 methoxyphenol — NMR (CDC1, 400 MHz): ⁇ 3, 92 (s, 3H), 4.05 (s, 3H), 4.05 (s , 3H)
- Example 18 ⁇ - ⁇ 4- ⁇ (6.7 Dimethoxy-4-quinolyl) oxy ⁇ -3—fluorophenyl ⁇ N ′ — “2- (1H—1indazolyl) acetyl ⁇ thiourea
- Example 19 ⁇ — “4— ⁇ (6.7 dimethoxy 4 quinolyl) oxy ⁇ 2 fluoropheny — NMR (CDC1, 400 MHz): 64.03 (s, 3H), 4.05 (s, 3H), 5.22 (s, 2H)
- Example 20 N— “2— (3 black mouth IH— 1—indazolyl) acetylyl ⁇ N, —“ 4— ⁇
- Example 21 N— “2— (3 Chloro-1H—1-indazolyl) acetyl ⁇ ⁇ '—“ 4 ⁇
- Example 23 ⁇ - ⁇ 4- ⁇ (6.7 Dimethoxy-4-quinolyl) oxy 1 3 Fluorophylenol ⁇ ⁇ '“2- (1H—Pyrophlogne“ 2.3 blpyridine 1 yl) Acetyl ⁇ thiourea — NMR (CDC1 , 400MHz): 64.05 (s, 3H), 4.05 (s, 3H), 5.09 (s, 2H)
- Example 24 ⁇ - ⁇ 4- ⁇ (6.7 Dimethoxy-4-quinolyl ⁇ oxy ⁇ 2 Fluorophyl Nyl ⁇ N '“2- (4 Fluoro-1H— 1 indazolyl) acetyl ⁇ thiourea
- CDNA encoding the human c-Met kinase region (955 to 1368aa) is inserted into the pFastBac vector (Invitrogen) containing the GST tag and transformed into DHlOBac, and the Bacmid DNA obtained from SF9 cells (GIBCO). After repeating virus infection 5 times, SF9 cells were disrupted, and c-Met kinase activity protein was obtained by GSH column purification.
- the IC (nM) of the compounds of Examples 1, 14, and 15 were 3.2, 12.5, respectively.
- Human epidermoid carcinoma cells (A431) (obtained from JCRB) in a 5% carbon dioxide incubator! 50% RPMI1640 medium (purchased from GIBCO BRL) containing 10% urine fetal serum Incubate until ⁇ 90% confluent.
- the harvested cells are seeded in RPMI medium containing 0.1% urine fetal blood serum at a density of 3xl0 4 / well on a 96-well flat-bottom plate and cultured at 37 ° C for 1 mm.
- Replace with RPMI medium containing fresh 0.1% urine fetal serum add the test substance dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to each well, and incubate at 37 ° C for an additional hour.
- HGF human recombinant hepatocyte growth factor
- h-Met C-12
- peroxidase-labeled anti-usagi Ig antibody (purchased from Amersham) ) At room temperature for 1 hour. After washing, a peroxidase chromogenic substrate (purchased from Sumitomo Bakelite) is added to start the reaction. After obtaining a suitable color, add a reaction stop solution to stop the reaction, and measure the absorbance at 450 nm with a microplate reader. Absence of 0% c-Met phosphorylation activity when HGF is added without the addition of the test substance, 100% c-Met phosphorylation inhibition activity when the test substance and HGF are not added As described above, the phosphate inhibitory activity of c Met of each well is obtained. Change the concentration of the test substance in several steps, determine the c-Met phosphate inhibitory activity in each case, and calculate the c Met phosphorylation 50% inhibitory concentration (IC) of the test substance.
- IC inhibitory concentration
- Human gastric cancer cell line (MKN45) (obtained by Riken) is 50 ⁇ in RPMI1640 medium (purchased from GIBCO BRL) containing 5% CO2 incubator and 10% urine fetal serum. The cells were cultured until they became 90% confluent. Harvested cells were seeded in a 96-well flat-bottom plate at 2xl0 4 / well in RPMI medium containing 0.1% urine fetal serum and cultured at 37 ° C for 1 cm. The test substance dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide was added to RPMI medium newly containing 0.1% urchin fetal serum, and cultured at 37 ° C for an additional hour.
- solubilization buffer (20 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 0.2% Triton X-100, 10% glycerol, (5 mM sodium orthovanadate, 5 mM ethylenediamine, 4 sodium acetate, 2 mM Na 2 PO) was added at 50 / zl, and the mixture was shaken at 4 ° C for 2 hours to prepare the cell extract.
- Phosphate buffered saline Containing 5 ⁇ gZml of anti-phosphotyrosine (phosphotyrosine) antibody (PY20; purchased from Transduction Laboratories) on microplate for ELISA (Maxisorp; purchased from NUNC).
- PY20 purchased from Transduction Laboratories
- ELISA Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay
- Add 50 ⁇ 1 of 4 and let stand at 4 ° C for 1 cm to solidify. After the plate was washed, the blocking solution was added with 3001 and allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 hours for blocking. After washing, the entire amount of the cell extract was transferred and left at 4 ° C for 1 hour. After washing, anti-HGF receptor antibody (h-Met (C-12), purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology) is allowed to react at room temperature for 1 hour.
- h-Met C-12
- peroxidase-labeled anti-usagi Ig antibody purchased from Amersham
- a peroxidase coloring substrate purchased from Sumitomo Bakelite
- the reaction stop solution was added to stop the reaction, and the absorbance at 450 nm was measured with a microplate reader.
- Absorbance with no test substance added was 100% C Met phosphate activity, and absorbance with a large excess of positive control was 0% c-Met phosphate activity.
- c Phosphate activity of Met was determined. The concentration of the test substance was changed in several stages, the inhibition rate of cMet for phosphate in each case was determined, and the cMet phosphorylation 50% inhibitory concentration (IC) of the test substance was calculated.
- the IC (nM) of the compounds of Examples 1, 14, 15, and 16 was 32.8, respectively.
- Human gastric cancer cell line NU-GC-4 (obtained from Tohoku University Institute of Aging Medicine) is transplanted into nude mice, and when the tumor volume reaches about 100 mm 3 , the average tumor volume of each group is The test substance suspended in 0.5% methylcellulose was orally administered once a day for 9 days.
- Human brain tumor cell line U87—MG ATCC
- human pancreatic cancer cell line KP4 RIKEN
- human kidney cancer cell line Caki— 1 obtained from Medical Cell Resource Center, Institute of Aging Medicine, Tohoku University
- human lung cancer cell line (LC6) the central Institute for experimental animals force available
- c Metal protein (upstate, Lot: 25735AU, catalog code 14—526) is EDB (20 mM MOPS (pH 7.0), 1 mM EDTA, 0.01% Brij 35, 5% glycerol, 0.1% J8) -Mercaptoethanol, lmgZml BSA) was diluted to lOngZ1.
- KDR protein (812— 1346AA) was prepared from SF21 insect cells (affinity-purified, 12.4 gZ 1) according to the Invitrogen protocol (Bac to Bac TM Baculovirus Expression System) and 248 ngZ ⁇ 1 in EDB Dilute to 5x Reaction Buffer (40mM MOPS (pH7.4), ImM EDTA) 5 1, 10x Compound A 5 ⁇ 1, 250mM MnCl 2.51, 1, Distilled distilled water 2.51, c Met protein or KD
- the IC50 of c-Met protein was 15.5 nM, and the IC50 of KDR protein was 1000 nM or more (Table 3). From this, it was confirmed that Compound A has high inhibitory activity against cMet protein and low inhibitory activity against KDR protein.
- MKN45 human low-abundant gastric cancer cell line, RIKEN
- A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cell line, JCRB
- KDR autophosphate inhibition Used HU VEC (Human Vascular Endothelial Cells, Kurabo Industries).
- HGF HGF 294—HG, R & D SYSTEMS
- solubilization buffer 20 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 0 2% TritonX 100, 10% glycerol, 5mM sodium orthovanadate, 5mM ethylenediamine tetrasodium acetate, 2mM NaPO
- solubilization buffer 20 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 0 2% TritonX 100, 10% glycerol, 5mM sodium orthovanadate, 5mM ethylenediamine tetrasodium acetate, 2mM NaPO
- HUVEC is inoculated into EGM medium (Kurabo) so that it becomes 2 x 10 6 pieces / 100mm petri dish (Collagen coated Dish, 4020-010, IWAKI), and 24 hours later, EBM medium containing 0.5% urinary fetal serum (Kurabo) was substituted, Compound A was added and incubated for 90 minutes. After stimulation with 50 ng Zml of VEGF (100-20, PeproTech, Inc.) for 5 minutes, the culture medium was removed and the KDR antibody (Flk-1, C 1158 was assayed according to the above c Met autophosphate inhibitory activity assay. , Santa Cruz) was subjected to SDS-PAGE after immunoprecipitation, and the KDR autophosphate inhibitory activity was measured.
- the IC50 of c-Met was 11.3 nM for MKN45 and 9.3 nM for A431 (Table 4), and the IC50 of KDR was 1000 nM or more for HUVEC (Table 4). ). From this, it was confirmed that Compound A has a strong C Met autophosphorylation inhibitory action but a weak KDR autophosphate inhibitory action. That is, Compound A is c- It was suggested that MetZKDR selectivity is high.
- Test column 9 Sounds against the mouse
- Nude mice (BALB—nuZnu, female, 4 weeks old, Nippon Chiarus Ribaichi Co., Ltd.) were preliminarily raised for 1 week and then divided into 8 groups per group. Compound A (50 mgZkg) suspended in 5% methylcellulose was orally administered once a day for 4 weeks, and 0.5% methylcellulose was similarly administered to the control group.
- Fig. 1 shows the average person SD of the cross-sectional area of the bone growth plate in sliced specimens.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2006229343A AU2006229343A1 (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-27 | Thienopyridine derivative, or quinoline derivative, or quinazoline derivative, having c-Met autophosphorylation inhibiting potency |
CA002603125A CA2603125A1 (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-28 | Thienopyridine derivative, quinoline derivatives,and quinazoline derivatives, having c-met autophosphorylation inhibiting activity |
EP06730282A EP1870414A4 (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-28 | THIENOPYRIDINE DERIVATIVE OR CHINOLINE DERIVATIVE OR CHINAZOLINE DERIVATIVE WITH THE AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION OF C-MET INHIBIVING EFFECT |
BRPI0608658A BRPI0608658A2 (pt) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-28 | composto, composição farmacêutica, uso do composto, método para tratar um tumor maligno, inibidor de autofosforilação de c-met, e, agente para pesquisa de transdução de sinal de hgf/c-met |
JP2007510537A JPWO2006104161A1 (ja) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-28 | c−Met自己リン酸化阻害作用を有するチエノピリジン誘導体、キノリン誘導体、およびキナゾリン誘導体 |
US11/910,078 US20090270391A1 (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-28 | THIENOPYRIDINE DERIVATIVE, OR QUINOLINE DERIVATIVE, OR QUINAZOLINE DERIVATIVE, HAVING c-MET AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION INHIBITING POTENCY |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2005092881 | 2005-03-28 | ||
JP2005-092881 | 2005-03-28 |
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WO2006104161A1 true WO2006104161A1 (ja) | 2006-10-05 |
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PCT/JP2006/306334 WO2006104161A1 (ja) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-28 | c-Met自己リン酸化阻害作用を有するチエノピリジン誘導体、キノリン誘導体、およびキナゾリン誘導体 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20090270391A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1870414A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2006104161A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20080007443A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101189241A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2006229343A1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0608658A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2603125A1 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2007139785A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200716650A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006104161A1 (ja) |
Cited By (11)
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WO2007054831A3 (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2007-10-04 | Methylgene Inc | Inhibitors of vegf receptor and hgf receptor signaling |
WO2009125597A1 (ja) | 2008-04-10 | 2009-10-15 | 大鵬薬品工業株式会社 | アシルチオウレア化合物又はその塩、及びその用途 |
US7772247B2 (en) | 2004-07-30 | 2010-08-10 | Methylgene Inc. | Substituted thieno[3,2-d]pyridines as inhibitors of the VEGF receptor and HGF receptor |
JP2011513339A (ja) * | 2008-03-05 | 2011-04-28 | 9222−9129 ケベック インコーポレイテッド | タンパク質チロシンキナーゼ活性の阻害剤 |
US8093264B2 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2012-01-10 | Methylgene Inc. | Fused heterocycles as inhibitors of VEGF receptor and HGF receptor signaling |
WO2012008563A1 (ja) * | 2010-07-16 | 2012-01-19 | 協和発酵キリン株式会社 | 含窒素芳香族複素環誘導体 |
US8389541B2 (en) | 2007-08-29 | 2013-03-05 | Methylgene Inc. | Inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinase activity |
WO2020188015A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 | 2020-09-24 | Onxeo | A dbait molecule in combination with kinase inhibitor for the treatment of cancer |
WO2021089791A1 (en) | 2019-11-08 | 2021-05-14 | INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) | Methods for the treatment of cancers that have acquired resistance to kinase inhibitors |
WO2021148581A1 (en) | 2020-01-22 | 2021-07-29 | Onxeo | Novel dbait molecule and its use |
US11110062B2 (en) | 2017-02-15 | 2021-09-07 | Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Pharmaceutical composition |
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TW200806675A (en) * | 2006-01-30 | 2008-02-01 | Array Biopharma Inc | Heterobicyclic thiophene compounds and methods of use |
US20110053931A1 (en) * | 2006-06-08 | 2011-03-03 | John Gaudino | Quinoline compounds and methods of use |
EP2183255A4 (en) | 2007-08-29 | 2011-06-15 | Methylgene Inc | METHOD AND INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CONDENSED HETEROCYCLIC KINASE INHIBITORS |
CN102947315A (zh) * | 2010-04-16 | 2013-02-27 | 梅特希尔基因公司 | 蛋白酪氨酸激酶活性抑制剂 |
EP2522341A1 (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2012-11-14 | Tragex Pharma | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising Neuropilin inhibitors, and their use for the prevention and/or treatment of angiogenic disorders and cancers |
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TW200806675A (en) * | 2006-01-30 | 2008-02-01 | Array Biopharma Inc | Heterobicyclic thiophene compounds and methods of use |
-
2006
- 2006-03-27 AU AU2006229343A patent/AU2006229343A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-03-28 CA CA002603125A patent/CA2603125A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-03-28 CN CNA2006800099025A patent/CN101189241A/zh active Pending
- 2006-03-28 EP EP06730282A patent/EP1870414A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-03-28 RU RU2007139785/04A patent/RU2007139785A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-03-28 KR KR1020077024794A patent/KR20080007443A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-03-28 JP JP2007510537A patent/JPWO2006104161A1/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-03-28 BR BRPI0608658A patent/BRPI0608658A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-03-28 TW TW095110760A patent/TW200716650A/zh unknown
- 2006-03-28 WO PCT/JP2006/306334 patent/WO2006104161A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-03-28 US US11/910,078 patent/US20090270391A1/en not_active Abandoned
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AU2006313456B2 (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2011-06-23 | Methylgene Inc. | Inhibitors of VEGF receptor and HGF receptor signaling |
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RU2495044C2 (ru) * | 2007-08-29 | 2013-10-10 | Метилджен Инк. | Ингибиторы активности протеинтирозинкиназы |
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JP4667537B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-10 | 2011-04-13 | 大鵬薬品工業株式会社 | アシルチオウレア化合物又はその塩、及びその用途 |
WO2009125597A1 (ja) | 2008-04-10 | 2009-10-15 | 大鵬薬品工業株式会社 | アシルチオウレア化合物又はその塩、及びその用途 |
AU2009234978B2 (en) * | 2008-04-10 | 2014-03-06 | Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Acylthiourea Compound or Salt Thereof, and use thereof |
US8304427B2 (en) | 2008-04-10 | 2012-11-06 | Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Acylthiourea compound or salt thereof, and use thereof |
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WO2021148581A1 (en) | 2020-01-22 | 2021-07-29 | Onxeo | Novel dbait molecule and its use |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BRPI0608658A2 (pt) | 2016-08-23 |
CA2603125A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
KR20080007443A (ko) | 2008-01-21 |
AU2006229343A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
TW200716650A (en) | 2007-05-01 |
RU2007139785A (ru) | 2009-05-10 |
JPWO2006104161A1 (ja) | 2008-09-11 |
EP1870414A1 (en) | 2007-12-26 |
EP1870414A4 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
US20090270391A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
CN101189241A (zh) | 2008-05-28 |
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