WO2006103323A1 - Procédé et dispositif d'évaluation d'une qualité d'un signal représentatif d'au moins un stimulus, telle que perçue par un destinataire dudit stimulus - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif d'évaluation d'une qualité d'un signal représentatif d'au moins un stimulus, telle que perçue par un destinataire dudit stimulus Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006103323A1 WO2006103323A1 PCT/FR2006/000494 FR2006000494W WO2006103323A1 WO 2006103323 A1 WO2006103323 A1 WO 2006103323A1 FR 2006000494 W FR2006000494 W FR 2006000494W WO 2006103323 A1 WO2006103323 A1 WO 2006103323A1
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- quality
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N17/00—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
- H04N17/004—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details for digital television systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for evaluating a quantity representative of a quality, as perceived by a recipient, of a signal carrying data representative of at least one stimulus intended to be produced to said recipient, which method includes a quantization step of a first parameter and a second parameter respectively representative of a spatial quality and a temporal quality of said signal.
- Targeted broadcast systems the use of which is possible in the current state of the art, generally involve converting an analog signal representative of the stimuli to be transmitted into a digital data signal, which conversion is usually followed by a encoding said data to reduce the volume as much as possible without causing them significant degradation, the encoded data being intended to be transmitted in packets according to standardized transmission protocols such IPv4 Internet protocols or IPv6.
- An individual who, for example, has subscribed to an audiovisual program supply service will be contractually entitled to expect a minimum level of quality of the images and sounds transmitted to him, so that a provider of this service of supply must ensure that such requirements are met, which can only be accomplished by making a relevant assessment of the quality of the stimuli which will be returned to the recipient after transmission, the said evaluation to be carried out taking into account human peculiarities of the perception of this recipient.
- the object of the invention is in particular to remedy the drawbacks described above, by proposing a quality evaluation method of a stimulus which makes it possible to take account of a correlation made by a person exposed to said stimulus between his or her spatial and temporal as perceived by this person, said method can further be implemented automatically and in real time during the transmission and / or reception of a signal carrying data representative of said stimulus.
- the invention relates to an evaluation method according to the introductory paragraph which includes a step of calculating a product of said first and second parameters and is characterized in that it also includes a a weighting step in which a weighted product is calculated by raising the product of the first and second parameters to a power of less than one.
- the inventors have indeed carried out validation experiments which have demonstrated that the choice of such a formulation by weighted product of the measurement quantity to correlate the spatial and temporal qualities Sqm and Tqm offers results which are much closer to the average perception of a statistically significant population as the results obtained by the choice of a single product between said spatial and temporal qualities.
- the calculation of the weighted product can be done purely automatically and in real time on the basis of values of the first and second parameters which can also be produced without human intervention according to techniques already known to those skilled in the art.
- the measurement quantity used in the process according to the invention is therefore particularly well suited to quality control applications in the targeted information dissemination systems described in the introductory part.
- the 4th limitation function may consist of one or more linear portions connecting between them bearings corresponding to the minimum and maximum values.
- the limitation function will be however, advantageously constituted by a sigmoid-type function, mathematically defined as a monotonous function, indefinitely differentiable and bounded, which has by nature two asymptotes that can be calibrated to be representative of the perception thresholds.
- a sigmoid function is indeed well adapted, thanks to its shape in the vicinity of asymptotes, to a modeling of the following perception mechanisms, which have also been observed by the inventors:
- a weak quality improvement to a strongly degraded stimulus is only weakly perceived by a human receptor of said stimulus,. a slight improvement in quality provided to a substantially degraded stimulus is strongly perceived by a human receptor of said stimulus,
- the sigmoid function will be of the form:
- the invention is also remarkable in that it makes it possible to quantify a measurement quantity in real time by automatic analysis of the signal whose quality is measured, and is therefore particularly well suited to control applications. of quality in the targeted information dissemination systems described in the introductory part.
- the invention therefore also relates to a method of transmitting data representative of at least one stimulus intended to be produced to a recipient, a method including:
- Such a use of the invention will make it possible to optimize the value of the configuration parameter or parameters, for example a compression ratio or a transmission rate, so as to guarantee a minimum quality of the stimuli which will be produced to a signal recipient as well as encoded, while possibly taking into account constraints specific to the system such as bandwidth still available, etc.
- the invention also relates to a device for evaluating a magnitude representative of a quality, as perceived by a recipient, a signal carrying data representative of at least one stimulus intended to be produced to said recipient, which device includes means for quantifying a first parameter and a second parameter respectively representative of a spatial quality and a time quality of said signal, and means for calculating a product of said first and second parameters, characterized in that it further includes weighting means for calculating a weighted product by raising to a lower power. to one the product of the first and second parameters.
- the weighting means advantageously include means for determining a value of an interaction variable defined by a linear equation of the weighted product.
- the weighting means will include variation limitation means for calculating a value of a sigmoid function of the interaction variable.
- the invention also relates to a system for transmitting data representative of at least one stimulus intended to be produced to a recipient, a system including:
- a device for evaluating a quantity of encoded signal quality measurement which device complies with the foregoing description.
- the encoding means being intended to apply to the data a processing defined by at least one configuration parameter
- the system will further include means for adjusting said configuration parameter as a function of minus a value of the measurement quantity produced by the evaluation means.
- Such a variant makes it possible to carry out a quality control loop by slaving the operating conditions of the data encoding means to the level of quality perceived by the recipient of these data.
- the evaluation method can be implemented in various ways, in particular in hard-wired form or in software form.
- the invention therefore also relates to a computer program product downloadable via a telecommunication network and / or stored in a memory of a central unit and / or stored on a memory medium intended to cooperate with a reader of said central unit and intended to to allow an evaluation of a magnitude representative of a quality, as perceived by a recipient, of a signal carrying data representative of at least one stimulus to be produced to said recipient,
- program includes at least one instruction defining a calculation of a first parameter and a second parameter respectively representative of a spatial quality and a temporal quality of said signal, and at least one instruction defining a calculation of a product of said first and second parameters
- product program computer characterized in that it includes at least one instruction defining a calculation of a product weighted by ele the product of the first and second parameters to a power of less than one.
- Such a program may furthermore include instructions defining a procedure for calculating an interaction variable defined by a linear equation of the weighted product, and possibly a procedure for limiting the variation of this interaction variable during which a value of a limiting function of the interaction variable is calculated, said limiting function being monotonic and bounded between a minimum value and a maximum value of perceived quality and which may in particular take the following form:
- the invention also relates to a data carrier on which is stored a software according to the above description.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram which represents a data transmission system in which the invention is used.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram which represents evaluation means that can be implemented in such a system.
- FIG. 3 is a transfer curve which illustrates a preferred mode of correlation of parameters representative of a spatial quality and a temporal quality of signals transmitted in such a system.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram which represents a system in which a first variant of the invention is used,
- Fig. 5 is a block diagram showing a data transmission system in which a second variant of the invention is used.
- Fig.6 is a block diagram illustrating a possible application of the invention to the evaluation of the quality of audiovisual programs.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents an SYST system for data transmission which includes means for generating SRC of an IFx data flow.
- the SYST system includes an IPS broadcast means, for example a communication network including a plurality of routers capable of being controlled to achieve a targeted sending of the data included in the IFx input stream to the user's DISP terminal, which is here connected to a reception module REC for receiving an OFx stream of digital data, called output, delivered by the IPS broadcast means and potentially degraded by the broadcast.
- IPS broadcast means for example a communication network including a plurality of routers capable of being controlled to achieve a targeted sending of the data included in the IFx input stream to the user's DISP terminal, which is here connected to a reception module REC for receiving an OFx stream of digital data, called output, delivered by the IPS broadcast means and potentially degraded by the broadcast.
- the reception module REC may consist of a set-top box able to communicate with the terminal DISP via a wired or wireless link. In other embodiments of the invention, the reception module REC may be integrated in the terminal DISP.
- the SYST system described herein further includes a QMM evaluation device of a quality measurement quantity of the OFx output data stream, which evaluation device QMM is in accordance with the present invention and is capable of producing a signal of PQ measurement having a value representative of a real-time measurement of the quality perceived by the recipient of the OFx output stream by automatically analyzing the content of said stream.
- the value of the measurement signal PQ is related to an absolute scale of QSC values offering a range of variation between 0 and 100.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a possible embodiment of the evaluation device QMM of a quality measurement quantity of the output data stream OFx, which can, in the example described here, be directly integrated in the reception module mentioned above.
- This evaluation device QMM includes first and second quantification modules SM and TM of first and second parameters Sqm and Tqm respectively representative of a spatial quality (for example the sharpness of an image or the absence of distortion of a sound) and a temporal quality (for example the fluidity of a moving image or an absence of phase shift between two channels of a stereophonic signal) of the signal conveying the flow of output data OFx.
- These first and second parameters will preferably be quantized with reference to the same scale of values, for example ranging from 0 to 100, so that these parameters are coherent with each other.
- each of the first and second quantization modules SM and TM are intended to receive the OFx output data stream, a data channel represented in dashed lines that may optionally be provided for routing the IFx input data stream to the quantization modules SM and TM which can then be used as a comparison reference, thus allowing, for example, a correlation between the input and output flows IFx and OFx which will make it possible to quantify degradations stigmatized by a lack of correspondence between said flows.
- the OFx output data stream may contain watermark indicators or reference data sequences, which will be used by the SM and TM quantization modules in place of the IFx input stream to carry out correlations with theoretically corresponding portions of the OFx output data stream, which will give these quantization modules a total autonomy of operation vis-à-vis the SRC generation means.
- the QMM evaluation device includes CCMB weighting means for outputting a measurement signal PQ having a value representative of a real time measurement of the quality perceived by the recipient of the OFx output stream, which value is obtained by automatic analysis of the content of said flow.
- the measurement signal PQ may be representative of the value of a weighted product QmI, that of a interaction variable Qm2 or that of a sigmoid function Qm3 of this interaction variable, with the related advantages described in the introductory part.
- the CCMB weighting means may include a programmable logic circuit suitably configured to perform the calculations required by the implementation mode chosen by means of hardwired logic, a solution that offers a high speed of processing but is difficult to reconfigure.
- BMCC the weighting means and will preferably include a CPU central processing unit for receiving instructions Instr and Dat data stored on a data carrier MM 5 defining the calculation steps whose execution by the CPU of CPU processing will allow the CCMB weighting means to generate the desired PQ measurement signal, which instructions may be easily modified if necessary, and may be presented in the form of several sets of alternative instructions for selecting, possibly in real time, that of variables QmI, Qm2 or Qm3 whose measurement signal PQ will be representative.
- Such sets of instructions will then form software that can be downloaded to the data medium MM if it is rewritable, as is the case for example for a hard disk, a CD-RW, a DVD-RAM or a magneto-optical disk.
- the data carrier MM may also be removable and consist for example of a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM type read-only disk supplied to the user of the system by a program supply service provider.
- Sqm and Tqm are respectively representative parameters of a spatial quality (for example sharpness of an image or the absence of distortion of a sound) and of a temporal quality (for example the fluidity of a moving image or an absence of phase difference between two channels of a stereophonic signal) of a signal whose quality is represented by the value of the measurement signal PQ.
- a spatial quality for example sharpness of an image or the absence of distortion of a sound
- a temporal quality for example the fluidity of a moving image or an absence of phase difference between two channels of a stereophonic signal
- the measurement quantity represented by this measurement signal PQ thus corresponds to the quantity Qm3 defined above which is obtained by calculating the value of a limiting function f (x) of the interaction variable Qm2 represented by the variable x, said limiting function f ( ⁇ ) being monotonic and bounded between a value minimum and a maximum value.
- FIG. 4 diagrammatically represents a data transmission system SYST1 according to a first variant of the invention, which system SYST1 being intended to transmit, between a transmitting part TRME and a receiving part RECE, a data stream representative of FIG. less a stimulus.
- an input data stream IFx is encoded by encoding means ENC into an encoded data stream EFx intended to be transmitted via an IPS broadcasting means to the receiving part RECE which will receive it in the form of an OFx output data stream.
- the encoding means are intended to be configured by means of at least one configuration parameter Ep, for example a compression ratio or a transmission rate, the value of which, determined by an EPGM encoding parameter generator, will define the conditions under which the encoding of the data will be performed.
- the SYST1 system represented here also includes a TDEC transmission decoder identical to a reception decoder, not shown here, which is provided with the receiving part RECE for the decoding of the output stream OFx.
- the SYST1 system finally includes a QMM evaluation device of a measurement quantity representative of the quality of the encoded data stream EFx, which QMM device is in accordance with the foregoing description and is intended to produce a measurement signal PQ.
- This first variant of the invention makes it possible to perform an evaluation of the quality of the encoded signal, by providing the encoded data stream EFx to the transmission decoder which will produce a decoded data stream DFx representative of the data stream that will actually be used by the receiving part RECE to produce the user of the system SYSTl the stimulus which is intended for him.
- a comparative analysis of the DFx decoded data stream with the input data stream will produce a value of the measurement signal PQ which will drive the EPGM encoding parameter generator, which will optimize the value of the configuration parameter Ep, so as to guarantee a minimum quality of the stimuli that will be produced to a recipient of the OFx output signal, while possibly taking into account system-specific constraints such as the bandwidth still available, etc., which will be able to also be communicated as signals not shown here to the generator of EPGM encoding parameters. For example, if it appears that the quality as represented by the value of the measurement signal PQ is insufficient compared to the minimum required quality, the value of a configuration parameter Ep defining a compression ratio may be lowered so that said compression generates less information loss.
- FIG. 5 diagrammatically represents a data transmission system SYST2 according to a second variant of the invention, which system SYST2 is intended to transmit, between a transmitting part TRME and a reception part RECE, a data stream representative of less a stimulus.
- This system SYST2 comprises elements common with that described above, said common elements then bearing the same reference signs.
- the SYST2 system shown here includes an RDEC receiver decoder which is provided with the receiver part RECE for the decoding of the output stream OFx.
- This SYST2 system further includes a QMM evaluation device of a measurement quantity representative of the quality of a decoded data stream DFx produced by the reception decoder RDEC, and therefore of that of the encoded data stream EFx, which QMM device is in accordance with the above description and is intended to produce a measurement signal PQ.
- a comparative analysis of the decoded data stream DFx and of the input data stream IFx is difficult to implement in the receiving part RECE where said input stream is unavailable, so that the signal OFx output will preferably contain reference indicators Ri which will be analyzed, according to a technique which is in itself known to those skilled in the art, by the quantization modules of the spatial and temporal qualities included in the QMM device, which may then produce a value of the measurement signal PQ which will drive, on the one hand, the generator of EPGM encoding parameters to which this value will be transmitted back via the IPS diffusion means, and, on the other hand, a DPGM generator of Dp decoding parameters, which will optimize the RDEC receive decoder configuration in order to further improve the quality of the stimuli that will be produced to the recipient of the data stream d DFx encoded, such as adjusting the size of a buffer or selectivity of an error filter used during decoding.
- FIG. 6 schematically represents a quality evaluation module QMD of a stream of AVFx data representative of both audio stimuli and video stimuli, such a stream thus carrying an audiovisual program.
- This QMD evaluation module contains a SPLT stream splitter for extracting from the AVFx data stream a first and a second stream VFx and AFx respectively carrying video data and audio data, the QMD evaluation module including first and second QMV and QMA assessment devices each intended to evaluate a quantity PQV and PQA representative of a quality, as it would be isolated by a recipient, of said first and second flows VFx and AFx.
- each of the first and second QMV and QMA evaluation devices is similar to the evaluation device described above and includes means for weighting CV and AV 5 respectively for correlating between them spatial quality parameter values and time (Vsq, Vtq) and (Asq, Atq) produced by corresponding quantization modules (SMV 3 TMV) and (SMA, TMA), each correlation being performed by raising to powers Cl and C2 less than one of the Vsq products.
- Vtq and Asq.Atq calculated between the values of the spatial and temporal quality parameters.
- each correlation may further include a step of calculating an interaction variable defined by a linear equation of a weighted product (Vsq, VTQ) and cl (Asq, Atq) C2 corresponding, and optionally, a step of limiting the variation of said interaction variable by implementing a sigmoid function of said interaction variable.
- the quality evaluation module QMD finally comprises an AVCB mixer capable of receiving the values of the quality measurement variables PQV and PQA of the first and second VFx and AFx streams of video data and audio data, and to combine these values according to a technique known to those skilled in the art to provide a signal GPQ representative of an overall assessment of the quality of the AVFx data stream as perceived by a spectator of the audiovisual program defined by these data.
- This GQP signal can thus be expressed in the form:
- GPQ ⁇ .PQV + ⁇ .PQA + ⁇ . (PQV.PQA) + ⁇ , where ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ are real numbers obtained once and for all by statistical analysis of the perceptions of a group of people exposed in laboratory to variations in audio and video quality of an audiovisual stimulus carried by an AVFx data stream.
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2008503543A JP4960953B2 (ja) | 2005-03-29 | 2006-03-06 | 受け手によって認識される情報を含む信号の品質を評価するための方法及びデバイス |
US11/910,152 US7908120B2 (en) | 2005-03-29 | 2006-03-06 | Method and device for the evaluation of a quality of a signal |
EP06726026A EP1864510A1 (fr) | 2005-03-29 | 2006-03-06 | Procede et dispositif d'evaluation d'une qualite d'un signal representatif d'au moins un stimulus, telle que perçue par un destinataire dudit stimulus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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FR0503051 | 2005-03-29 | ||
FR0503051 | 2005-03-29 |
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WO2006103323A1 true WO2006103323A1 (fr) | 2006-10-05 |
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PCT/FR2006/000494 WO2006103323A1 (fr) | 2005-03-29 | 2006-03-06 | Procédé et dispositif d'évaluation d'une qualité d'un signal représentatif d'au moins un stimulus, telle que perçue par un destinataire dudit stimulus |
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US (1) | US7908120B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1864510A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4960953B2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2006103323A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
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AU2007313050B2 (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2012-05-31 | Liao, Hsiu-Chen | A foam spring mattress configured with variable firmness |
EP1973329B1 (fr) * | 2007-03-19 | 2017-02-15 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Appareil et procédé de traitement d'images |
JP5195177B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-01 | 2013-05-08 | 富士通株式会社 | 信号伝送システム評価装置、信号伝送システム評価方法、信号伝送システム評価プログラム |
US8525883B2 (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2013-09-03 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Methods, systems and apparatus for automatic video quality assessment |
Citations (6)
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US5446492A (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1995-08-29 | Wolf; Stephen | Perception-based video quality measurement system |
EP0869684A2 (fr) * | 1997-04-04 | 1998-10-07 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Analyseur de la qualité d'un train numérique |
US6285797B1 (en) * | 1999-04-13 | 2001-09-04 | Sarnoff Corporation | Method and apparatus for estimating digital video quality without using a reference video |
US20020181598A1 (en) * | 2001-04-16 | 2002-12-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. | Estimating total average distortion in a video with variable frameskip |
US6496221B1 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2002-12-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce | In-service video quality measurement system utilizing an arbitrary bandwidth ancillary data channel |
WO2004054274A1 (fr) * | 2002-12-06 | 2004-06-24 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Mesure de la qualite video |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6340994B1 (en) * | 1998-08-12 | 2002-01-22 | Pixonics, Llc | System and method for using temporal gamma and reverse super-resolution to process images for use in digital display systems |
CA2371998C (fr) * | 1999-02-11 | 2006-01-24 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Analyse de la qualite d'un signal video |
-
2006
- 2006-03-06 US US11/910,152 patent/US7908120B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-06 JP JP2008503543A patent/JP4960953B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-06 EP EP06726026A patent/EP1864510A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-03-06 WO PCT/FR2006/000494 patent/WO2006103323A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5446492A (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1995-08-29 | Wolf; Stephen | Perception-based video quality measurement system |
EP0869684A2 (fr) * | 1997-04-04 | 1998-10-07 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Analyseur de la qualité d'un train numérique |
US6496221B1 (en) * | 1998-11-02 | 2002-12-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce | In-service video quality measurement system utilizing an arbitrary bandwidth ancillary data channel |
US6285797B1 (en) * | 1999-04-13 | 2001-09-04 | Sarnoff Corporation | Method and apparatus for estimating digital video quality without using a reference video |
US20020181598A1 (en) * | 2001-04-16 | 2002-12-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. | Estimating total average distortion in a video with variable frameskip |
WO2004054274A1 (fr) * | 2002-12-06 | 2004-06-24 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Mesure de la qualite video |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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PASTRANA-VIDAL ET AL: "Métrique perceptuelle de rupture de fluidité vidéo sans référence", 26 May 2004, CONFERENCE CORESA 2004, LILLE (FR), XP002354701 * |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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US20080288211A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
JP4960953B2 (ja) | 2012-06-27 |
JP2008535349A (ja) | 2008-08-28 |
EP1864510A1 (fr) | 2007-12-12 |
US7908120B2 (en) | 2011-03-15 |
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