WO2006088472A1 - Synchronisation de station e/r de base - Google Patents

Synchronisation de station e/r de base Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006088472A1
WO2006088472A1 PCT/US2005/014188 US2005014188W WO2006088472A1 WO 2006088472 A1 WO2006088472 A1 WO 2006088472A1 US 2005014188 W US2005014188 W US 2005014188W WO 2006088472 A1 WO2006088472 A1 WO 2006088472A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tmu
timing
bts
lmus
lmu
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/014188
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert J. Anderson
Joseph W. Sheehan
Jeffrey F. Bull
Benjamin Herman Cohen
Original Assignee
Trueposition, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Trueposition, Inc. filed Critical Trueposition, Inc.
Priority to GB0715498A priority Critical patent/GB2437678B/en
Priority to MX2007009322A priority patent/MX2007009322A/es
Priority to JP2007555069A priority patent/JP4750138B2/ja
Priority to CN2005800477058A priority patent/CN101112107B/zh
Priority to CA2595365A priority patent/CA2595365C/fr
Priority to EP05758372A priority patent/EP1847132A4/fr
Priority to BRPI0520026-1A priority patent/BRPI0520026A2/pt
Priority to AU2005327593A priority patent/AU2005327593B2/en
Publication of WO2006088472A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006088472A1/fr
Priority to IL184979A priority patent/IL184979A/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
    • H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
    • H04B7/2662—Arrangements for Wireless System Synchronisation
    • H04B7/2671—Arrangements for Wireless Time-Division Multiple Access [TDMA] System Synchronisation
    • H04B7/2678—Time synchronisation
    • H04B7/2684—Synchronisation of a mobile station with more than one base station
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
    • H04L7/02—Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information
    • H04L7/027—Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information extracting the synchronising or clock signal from the received signal spectrum, e.g. by using a resonant or bandpass circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
    • H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
    • H04B7/2662—Arrangements for Wireless System Synchronisation
    • H04B7/2671—Arrangements for Wireless Time-Division Multiple Access [TDMA] System Synchronisation
    • H04B7/2678—Time synchronisation
    • H04B7/2687—Inter base stations synchronisation
    • H04B7/2693—Centralised synchronisation, i.e. using external universal time reference, e.g. by using a global positioning system [GPS] or by distributing time reference over the wireline network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of wireless location and associated wireless communications systems, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to a system for synchronizing Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) of a GSM or UMTS network coupled with an overlay wireless location system (WLS).
  • BTSs Base Transceiver Stations
  • WLS overlay wireless location system
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communication
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • 3G Third-generation
  • GSM network synchronization can benefit a wireless carrier in several ways, hi unsynchronized GSM networks, the co-channel interference created by frequency reuse can be reduced by synchronization.
  • a reduced noise/co-channel interference level allows for tighter frequency reuse patterns, thus allowing the carrier to increase system capacity (e.g., Erlang capacity) or improve voice/data quality.
  • a network overlay wireless location solution for a wireless communications system comprising a network of Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs), for example GSM or UMTS communications network, a method and system of improving spectrum by synchronizing the BTSs.
  • BTSs Base Transceiver Stations
  • a timing signal is provided to each BTS by either a Location Measurement Unit (LMU) or a Timing Measurement Unit (TMU).
  • LMU Location Measurement Unit
  • TMU Timing Measurement Unit
  • each LMU and TMU comprises a GPS-based timing reference module and means for generating a periodic timing signal which is synchronized within a pre-specified degree of accuracy with the timing signals generated by each other LMU and TMU.
  • time signals being "synchronized” is not limited to signals of substantially identical shape or occurring simultaneously.
  • two signals may be considered sufficiently synchronized, for the purposes of the present invention, where they are offset in time but have a known relationship.
  • Figure 1 schematically depicts an illustrative embodiment of an emergency-only overlay location solution.
  • Figure 2 depicts several ways of deploying base station synchronization products (LMUs and TMUs) in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 depicts an illustrative embodiment of a TMU' s internal architecture and external interface.
  • Figure 4 depicts an illustrative relationship between a 1 PPS timing signal and synchronization data.
  • Figure 5 depicts an exemplary GSM/UMTS network including a mixture of synchronized/location-enabled BTSs and synchronized/not location- enabled BTSs.
  • FIG. 6 depicts an exemplary architecture of an External Interface Unit (EIU).
  • EIU External Interface Unit
  • the present invention is particularly suited for use in connection with a network overlay solution for a GSM communications network.
  • the GSM network is specified by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and extended by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP).
  • ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
  • 3 GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • the SMLC Server Mobile Location Center
  • BSC Base Station Controller
  • PCU Packet Control Unit
  • the E911 overlay solution comprises the following elements:
  • a GSM communications network 100 including receive/transmit antennae 102 A coupled to a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) 104; a Base Station Controller (BSC) 106; a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) 108; and a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 110. All of these components and subsystems are well known in the art. See, e.g., 3GPP TS 03.71 V8.6.0 (2002-06).
  • a Location Measuring Unit (LMU) 200A which as indicated by the dashed line may be co-located with the BTS 104, so as to share antennae 102A for receiving RF signals from the Mobile Stations.
  • the LMU 202 A may include an internal GPS receiver and so a GPS antenna 202A may also be provided.
  • the LMU may also provide the ability to monitor and demodulate the forward channel signals transmitted by the BTS to the MS. This forward link monitor port may be connected to a separate antenna, or directly to the BTS forward link path.
  • the system may be configured such that, for a given call, there will be a Primary LMU, in this case LMU 200A, and one or more Cooperating LMUs, e.g., the LMU designated 200B.
  • the Cooperating LMUs are generally configured the same as the Primary LMU, and so they are coupled to a GPS antenna 202B and are typically co-located with a BTS.
  • the LMUs are coupled to a Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC) 300, which in turn is coupled to a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) or Mobile Positioning Center (MPC) 400.
  • SMLC Serving Mobile Location Center
  • GMLC Gateway Mobile Location Center
  • MPC Mobile Positioning Center
  • Figure 1 also shows a Mobile Station 500.
  • Mobile Station 500 Of course, there will typically be many such units in operation within a geographic region, and more than one may be engaged in an emergency call at a given time.
  • a cellular/wireless system such as GSM or UMTS system
  • spectrum utilization can be made far more efficient by synchronizing the BTSs. For example, 10-20% more voice calls per unit bandwidth can be achieved through BTS synchronization. Synchronizing a large number of BTSs in a network to an adequate level of accuracy is difficult and requires distributing a timing signal to all BTSs, or installing a satellite-based timing unit in each site. Satellite-based timing units are expensive and take up precious power and space at the BTS sites.
  • the present invention provides an architecture in which Location Measurement Units (LMUs) are installed at some or all of the BTS sites for the purpose of locating wireless devices.
  • LMUs are used to measure the timing of various uplink and/or downlink signals in the cellular network in support of various location techniques.
  • LMUs may include a GPS-based timing reference module, which is used to synchronize the time bases of all LMUs. This allows relative time difference measurements to be made in support of location.
  • the LMU distributes timing signals, including a periodic electrical pulse as well as time description information, on a serial or other interface, which is available for other nodes to use for synchronization.
  • the format of the electrical pulse and time description information is modified through hardware and software to adapt to the various formats required by various BTS types.
  • the BTSs with co- located LMUs can receive a synchronization signal with little or no hardware cost.
  • the EIU described later is used to adapt to various BTS hardware formats.
  • TMU Timing Measurement Unit
  • the TMU has the single function of providing BTS time signals in the same formats as provided by the LMUs.
  • the time signals provided by the TMUs are synchronous to the signals provided by the LMUs.
  • This timing-only TMU has a lower cost than the LMU because it does not support the uplink or downlink signal measurement functions.
  • This set of products allows a cellular operator (wireless carrier) to synchronize the BTSs at a relatively low cost.
  • the LMUs may contain a high performance GPS receiver to provide a common high accuracy timing reference for all LMUs within the location system.
  • the GPS receiver can provide a timing reference to a co-located base station for the purposes of synchronizing the base station network, i.e., to synchronize the BTSs to within a specified degree of precision.
  • the LMU contains a network synchronization interface that may be adapted to be compatible with the corresponding interface on the associated BTS.
  • the existing LMUs can be upgraded to a configuration compatible with the BTS interface.
  • BTO BSS Timing Option
  • BTO BSS Timing Option
  • TMU Timing Measurement Unit
  • a market can contain a mix of LMUs with BTO and TMU timing modules or the carrier may elect to use only the TMU to synchronize markets where LMUs are not yet installed.
  • the Timing Measuring Unit is a standalone product that can be deployed independent of the Wireless Location Systems.
  • the TMU contains a built-in GPS receiver, including GPS antenna, for the purpose of establishing precise timestamps.
  • the clocking output includes a 1 pulse per second (PPS) signal and timing information.
  • PPS pulse per second
  • the TMU provides data in a pre-specified ASCII format developed for use with the particular BTS equipment deployed.
  • TruePosition base station synchronization products can be employed in several ways, as recited below and depicted in Figure 2:
  • a TMU can be deployed to provide a periodic signal and related timing data information to the BTSs.
  • the TMU preferably includes a GPS receiver designed to provide this periodic signal and related timing data information to the BTS over, e.g., an RS-422 communications interface.
  • the TMU is a standalone device containing a GPS receiver/engine (GPS), an 80C51 microcontroller (C51), a serial interface for supplying timing information to a BTS, and a console interface.
  • GPS GPS receiver/engine
  • C51 80C51 microcontroller
  • the purpose of the TMU is to obtain accurate time information from the GPS and supply it to the BTS. Timing is provided to the BTS in the form of a pulse per second (PPS) signal that is preceded by a serial message announcing the precise time at the rising edge of the pulse.
  • PPS pulse per second
  • the TMU attempts to maximize the amount of time that it can supply accurate timing information to the BTS. To this end, the TMU takes measures to bring the GPS on-line as quickly as possible after a power outage and to keep it on-line whenever possible.
  • the TMU has three modes of operation, boot mode, test mode and operational mode.
  • Boot mode allows the TMU firmware to be updated after production.
  • Test mode supports testing and diagnostics of the TMU hardware platform.
  • Operational mode provides the primary TMU functionality of supplying timing to the BTS.
  • the TMU provides synchronization information as described above for two primary reasons:
  • EIU External Interface Unit
  • FIG. 3 shows an illustrative embodiment of the TMU internal architecture and external interfaces.
  • the received GPS satellite signal is input to the TMU internal GPS receiver.
  • An internal micro-controller provides the following capabilities:
  • the 1 PPS signal output from the GPS receiver, and the formatted serial timing data signal output from the micro-controller are both converted to RS- 422 signal levels, and output to the BTS.
  • the 1 PPS and serial data signals are fanned out to 4 four ports that comprise a quad output connector. Each output port provides both a 1 PPS and a serial data output in RS-422 signal levels.
  • the TMU micro-controller firmware is capable of upgrade through the RS-232 console port.
  • the TMU will transmit the synchronization timing data messages, and the IPPS signal to the BTS in RS-422 signal levels as shown in Figure 3.
  • the synchronization timing data interface to the BTS may be a serial communications link.
  • the 1 PPS signals distributed by the TMU at each of the 4 output ports may have a frequency of 1 Hz and an accuracy 100 ns RMS with respect to UTC time.
  • serial communications link physical layer is based on a RS-422 UART. Specific characteristics are as follows:
  • a RS-422 transmitter in the TMU drives the one PPS signal.
  • the 10 - 90 % rise time may be less than 10 ns at each of the TMU output ports.
  • the BTS may include a built in 100 ohm termination.
  • the synchronization data is preceding the one PPS pulse. See Figure 4 for timing details.
  • the arrows in Figure 4 show the rising edge of the PPS pulse- pulse.
  • the data signal containing the timing information is preceding the corresponding PPS-pulse.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a GSM or UMTS network in which the BTSs are synchronized using the timing information obtained from an LMU or a TMU.
  • the LMUs may or may not require an EIU, depending on the BTS interface requirements as discussed herein.
  • the TMU provides timing for a BTS that will enable the BTS to synchronize its operation with other BTSs in its network.
  • the TMU derives timing information from its integral GPS receiver and provides the BTS with a PPS signal and Periodic PPS Report and Position Data messages.
  • the TMU is deployed at locations where there is no LMU present or where timing signals are unavailable from the deployed LMU. Where the LMU is deployed, the LMU can supply the same timing functionality as the TMU by employing an EIU. Synchronized BTSs can increase network capacity through precise management of radio resources.
  • the TMU software in a preferred implementation, supports three modes of operation: boot mode, test mode and operational mode. Although each mode provides a mechanism that allows switching to the others, each mode is independent and mutually exclusive. That is, boot mode does not support test mode functionality, test mode does not support boot mode functionality, neither boot nor test mode provide any operational functionality, and operational mode does not support any functionality of the other two modes.
  • the TMU To utilize the functionality of any mode, the TMU must first be switched to that mode by an appropriate mechanism (usually a console command). Once switched into a particular mode, it is understood that the functionality of the other modes is unavailable. For example, when switched to test mode, the time synchronization to the BTS is disabled since this functionality is only supported by operational mode. BTS timing synchronization cannot be resumed until the TMU is returned to operational mode.
  • an appropriate mechanism usually a console command
  • Certain conditions can prevent the switching from one mode to another. For example, it is not possible to switch out of boot mode if a valid program image is not present. In addition, certain conditions can cause an automatic switch to a mode. For instance, the TMU will automatically switch to boot mode on reset if a valid program image is not present.
  • the current mode of the TMU may be identified by the console prompt.
  • the console prompt enumerates the current mode as follows.
  • Boot mode allows the TMU software to be update in the field.
  • a software image can be downloaded through the console port.
  • the downloaded image will replace the image stored in flash memory. Only the test mode and operational mode portions of the image can be replaced using this method.
  • the boot mode portion of the image can only be replaced during production or through a JTAG port.
  • Boot mode may be entered by console command or it may be automatically invoked following a reset if a valid program image is not found. Certain failure conditions, such as a watchdog timeout, can produce a reset that may then result in the boot mode being invoked. Boot mode is exited by a reset when a valid program image is present. Reset can be implemented by pushing the reset button, cycling power or by console command. Boot mode cannot be exited if a valid program image is not present. When boot mode is exited successfully, the TMU returns to the operational mode.
  • Test mode supports console commands that directly exercise the TMU hardware. Commands are generally either low-level commands or high-level commands. Low-level commands directly manipulate TMU hardware and provide little or no translation for the operator. Low-level commands are useful for board- level test and troubleshooting. High-level commands provide signal interpretation and manipulate combinations of signals to support interaction with the hardware by the operator. These commands are useful when diagnosing operational issues.
  • Test mode is intended for use during manufacturing testing, installation, diagnosing of field failures and repair.
  • Test mode is intended for use by a trained technician.
  • Test mode may be entered from operational mode by console command.
  • Test mode is exited by any reset and the TMU returns to the operational mode (as long as a valid program image is present).
  • Operational mode is the primary mode for the TMU.
  • the TMU When in operational mode, the TMU functions autonomously toward its primary goal, supplying precise time synchronization information to the BTS. While in operational mode, the TMU may send alarms and status information to the console port.
  • operational mode supports console commands that allow query of operational conditions and manipulation of operational parameters.
  • Operational mode is entered automatically following any reset, if a valid program image is present. Operational mode may be exited by invoking test mode or boot mode via console command. Operational mode may be exited automatically if certain failure conditions are detected.
  • the TMU' s front panel status LED reflects the TMU' s current state.
  • the state of the TMU is determined by its mode of operation and the exiting conditions. Of the ten (10) possible LED states, only the following are defined as valid. LED states always indicate existing conditions.
  • the TMU monitors conditions that may affect its ability to provide accurate timing information to the BTS. In addition, it also notes exceptions or conditions that it encounters in the execution of its programming. Messages concerning these conditions will be sent to the console. These messages are either alarms or status. A status message is purely informative and can indicate anything of interest. The issuance of a status message has no effect on the TMU. Alarms indicate conditions that may impact the performance of the TMU. The existence of alarms may result in a change of the TMU state. When multiple alarms are indicated, the most severe state is assumed.
  • the startup procedure is performed following any reset of the C51.
  • the purpose of the startup process is to bring up the platform and establish an operational state.
  • the startup procedure also performs a self-check of the TMU platform and a software integrity test. If the software integrity test fails, the TMU enters boot mode.
  • the first part of the startup procedures establishes the operation of the C51 and configures I/O for control of the TMU platform.
  • the second part of the startup procedure establishes control of the GPS.
  • the TMU may perform either a warm or a cold restart.
  • a cold restart assumes that the GPS engine must be completely reinitialized and that all previous information is lost. Under these conditions, several minutes may be required before timing can be reestablished.
  • a warm restart attempts to reestablish timing sooner by preserving the information stored in GPS. This is possible because the GPS is an independent subsystem of the TMU. Under some conditions, such as a button reset, the C51 is reset but the GPS is not. In addition, since no power interruption was experienced, the GPS is still operating normally. In these cases, a warm restart reestablishes control of the GPS without disrupting its operation.
  • a cold restart of the GPS will be performed if any of the following conditions exist, otherwise, a warm restart will be attempted.
  • a cold restart of the GPS involves the following steps.
  • PPS Control Mode is set to be output always.
  • a warm restart of the GPS involves the following steps.
  • the TMU Once the TMU has established control of the GPS, its next objective is to establish its position.
  • the GPS must determine its position before it will be able to produce accurate time information.
  • the TMU checks the GPS to determine if the position is already known and fixed (fixed observation mode) by the GPS. If the position is both known and fixed, the TMU reads the location from the GPS and proceeds as normal. If the position is known but not fixed, the TMU reads the location and proceeds with self-survey as described in the next section. If the position is unknown (or for the case of a cold start), the TMU proceeds with establishing its position.
  • the TMU can obtain its position information (latitude, longitude and altitude) from one of three sources, console input, nonvolatile memory or self-survey.
  • the TMU stores its last known location in its nonvolatile memory.
  • the TMU sets the GPS to the estimated observation mode and sets the initial position to its last know location. The TMU then proceeds with self-survey.
  • a position can be entered manually via console command. If this is done, the location replaces the location data stored in the nonvolatile memory, the GPS is set to the estimated observation mode and the specified location data is written to the GPS as the initial position. The TMU then proceeds with self-survey.
  • the TMU When position is unknown, there is no last location stored, and there is no console input, the TMU relies completely on the self-survey process. In this case, the GPS is set to the estimated observation mode, and the last known location is used as the initial position. The self-survey process is then allowed to correct the location information. If the last known location is very far from the actual location, it may require an extended amount of time for the TMU to establish its time synchronization.
  • the TMU utilizes the self-survey process to determine its exact position and, thereby, produce the most accurate timing.
  • the TMU places the GPS into the estimated observation mode, hi this mode, the GPS will determine its location from the satellites that it can observe. While performing self-survey, the TMU will periodically read the location data from the GPS and compute an average location. Note that self-survey does not prevent the TMU from outputting time synchronization information once an initial location has been established by the GPS. The self-survey process will continue for up tol2 hours.
  • the GPS will be set to the fixed observation mode and the average location computed will be set. The location determined by self- survey will replace the last known location stored in the TMU nonvolatile memory.
  • the TMU While performing self-survey, the TMU obtains the estimated location information once each minute in the $GPGGA message.
  • the TMU implements independent averages for longitude, latitude and altitude parameters.
  • the TMU implements a majority- voting algorithm on the integer portion of each parameter and an averaging of the fractional portion.
  • the integer portion of latitude and longitude includes degrees and integer minutes.
  • the integer portion of altitude is the whole 100s of meters.
  • the fractional portion is the fractional minutes of latitude or longitude and altitude modulo 100.
  • the majority- voting algorithm observes the current reported value; the two previously reported values and the last known location (LKL) value. If the integer portion of the three reported values agrees with each other but disagree with the LKL, the LKL is discarded and replaced with the agreed integer portion. For example, if the integer portion of the three most recent latitude values agree but disagree with the LKL, the integer portion of the LKL is replaced with the agreed upon value. The fractional portion of the LKL is replaced with the average of the fractional portion of the consenting values.
  • the fractional portion of the newest value is averaged into the LKL. If all values, except the newest value agree, the fractional portion of the newest value is not averaged into the LKL. The fractional portion is computed by a straight average of all of the contributions since the last time the LKL was replaced.
  • the majority- voting algorithm helps to protect the average from the influence of anomalous locations. Additional rules or algorithms may be employed in determining the stability of the location average and allow a more rapid change to fixed position mode.
  • the TMU stores its last known location in its nonvolatile memory. This location is utilized to hasten the establishment the GPS time output. To minimize the wear on nonvolatile memory, the value will be updated only on one of the following conditions.
  • the length of the cable to the GPS antenna can affect the accuracy of the PPS.
  • the TMU requires that this value be entered manually during installation.
  • the POSITION console command is provided for this purpose.
  • the cable length will be stored to non-volatile memory and will be utilized every time the GPS is configured.
  • the TMU configures the GPS to begin output of timing data immediately.
  • the TMU configures the GPS to begin outputting the PPS signal immediately. If the GPS is in the fixed observation mode, the PPS will be accurate for as long as one satellite is available. If the GPS is in the estimated observation mode, the PPS will become accurate when 4 satellites are available to fix the position, the UTC parameter is available, ephemeris data for satellite is available, and the UTC computation completes.
  • the TMU will begin sending the Periodic Pulse Report (GPppr) and the Position Data Report (GPGGA) to the BTS immediately after initialization. As soon as the PPS signal is available from the GPS, the TMU will begin sourcing the PPS signal to the BTS as well. However, the GPSS Status field of the GPppr will indicate "PPS Not synchronized" until all alarm conditions in the above table marked Flash Green are clear.
  • GPppr Periodic Pulse Report
  • GPGGA Position Data Report
  • the TMU attempts to support the greatest possible timing accuracy by allowing the GPS to utilize its DGPS and TRAIM features. These features are enabled by default.
  • the TMU supports only the messages that are mandatory. In addition, only the mandatory fields within these messages are supported. These messages are:
  • the GPS TO W Standard Deviation field of the Periodic PPS Report will be populated as follows. • If 5 or more satellites used for positioning, the field will be set to 50nsec
  • the field will be set to lOOnsec
  • GPS Status field will be set to (3) PPS not synchronized
  • the optional fields DGPS Data Time, DGPS Station ID and the checksum will not be provided.
  • the fields; DOP, Geoid of Altitude, and Unit ofGeoid are set to a blank.
  • the console port allows human interaction and monitoring of the TMU through an ASCII terminal or terminal emulation software. Following reset or by entering escape at the command prompt, the console interface enters status display mode. In this mode, alarms and other event driven status strings are sent to the console. The console can collect these strings to monitor the operation and health of the TMU.
  • the console interface changes to command entj ⁇ mode and issues the command prompt.
  • the command prompt reflects the current mode of TMU operation; boot, test or operational. Commands may then be entered and the results will be sent to the console. All spontaneous alarm and status string output will be inhibited while in command entry mode.
  • the commands available are limited by the TMU' s mode of operation. An operator may change modes to obtain access to the desired commands. The operator should be aware of the consequences of invoking any TMU mode of operation.
  • EIU External Interface Unit
  • a 1 PPS signal may be provided to the BTSs.
  • the 1 PPS signal may already be available on those existing LMUs (since the LMUs include built-in GPS receivers).
  • the following may be true: • The 1 PPS signal needs to be converted to RS-422 signal levels for this application.
  • the timing information related to 1 PPS signal also needs to be sent over the RS-422 interface using the proprietary protocol called for by the BTS equipment manufacturer (e.g., Ericsson).
  • the protocol conversion hardware unit that performs these two operations is called an EIU and is applicable to those cell sites that already have an LMU deployed there.
  • the EIU will be connected to the 9-pin RS-232 serial port on the LMU. This is the same port that is also used to connect the GBE (ground based electronics) in AOA deployments. Hence, in their present forms the GBE and EIU cannot be co-deployed. Therefore, installation of EIU precludes AOA deployment.
  • the solution to this problem is to use a TMU instead of an EIU in cases where AOA is needed.
  • FIG. 6 An exemplary architecture for an EIU is depicted in Figure 6, which shows the internal architecture and external interfaces of the EIU. It connects to the 9 pin serial port and the 1 PPS on the LMU side, and converts both of these interfaces to RS-422 signal levels for connection with the BTS.
  • the 1 PPS and serial data signals are fanned out to 4 four ports that comprise a quad output connector. Each output port provides both a 1 PPS and a serial data output in RS-422 signal levels.
  • the illustrative EIU receives timing messages from its LMU interface in RS-232 signal format/levels.
  • the RS-232 signal connection pin outs will be as shown in table 1.
  • the EIU receives the 1 PPS signal from the LMU through its 1 PPS port.
  • the 1 PPS EIU port appears as a 50-ohm load from outside.
  • the EIU transmits the LMU synchronization data messages and the IPPS signal to the BTS in RS-422 signal levels as shown in Figure 4.
  • the synchronization data interface to the BTS is a serial communications link.
  • the 1 PPS signal will have a frequency of 1 Hz and an accuracy of 100ns RMS at the 1 PPS EIU output port with respect to UTC time.
  • serial communications link physical layer is based on a RS-422 UART. Specific characteristics are as follows:
  • a RS-422 transmitter in the EIU drives the one PPS signal.
  • the 10 - 90 % rise time will be less than 10 ns at the EIU output.
  • the BTS has a built in 100 ohm termination.
  • the invention is not limited to systems employing LMUs constructed in a particular manner, or to systems employing specific types of receivers, computers, signal processors, etc.
  • the LMUs, SMLC, etc. are essentially programmable data collection and processing devices that could take a variety of forms without departing from the inventive concepts disclosed herein.
  • the processing for a particular function from one of the functional elements (such as the SMLC) described herein to another functional element (such as the LMU) without changing the inventive operation of the system.
  • the place of implementation (i.e., the functional element) described herein is merely a designer's preference and not a hard requirement. Accordingly, except as they may be expressly so limited, the scope of protection of the following claims is not intended to be limited to the specific embodiments described above.
  • control channels or voice channels shall refer to all types of control or voice channels, whatever the preferred terminology for a particular air interface.
  • air interfaces e.g., IS-95 CDMA, CDMA 2000, and UMTS WCDMA
  • those skilled in the art will recognize other interfaces used elsewhere are derivatives of or similar in class to those described above.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne, dans un dispositif de radiolocalisation par chevauchement de réseaux pour un réseau de communications GSM ou UMTS, la possibilité d'utiliser de façon bien plus efficace le spectre par une synchronisation des stations de base, ce qui peut nécessiter une répartition d'un signal de synchronisation à toutes les stations de base, ou l'installation d'un module de synchronisation satellitaire sur chaque site. L'invention propose donc une architecture dans laquelle des modules de mesure pour localisation ou 'LMU' (Location Management Units) sont installées sur certains au moins des sites de stations de base de façon à localiser les dispositifs radio. Les LMU servent à mesurer par diverses techniques de localisation la temporisation de certains signaux remontants et/ou descendants dans le réseau cellulaire. Ces LMU peuvent comporter un module de référence de synchronisation à base de GPS, pouvant servir à synchroniser les bases de temps de tous les LMU. Pour réduire le coût d'ensemble de la synchronisation des stations de base, le LMU distribue des signaux de synchronisation, comprenant une impulsion électrique périodique ainsi qu'une information de description de synchronisation, par une interface série ou autre, disponible pour que d'autre noeuds puissent l'utiliser aux fins de synchronisation. Le format de l'impulsion électrique et de l'information de description de synchronisation est modifié par le logiciel et le matériel de façon à s'adapter au divers formats demandés par les différents types de stations de base. Ainsi, les stations de base à LMU en co-situation peuvent recevoir un signal de synchronisation sans grande exigence matérielle. L'interface externe ou 'EIU' (External Interface Unit) de l'invention permet également de s'adapter aux divers formats matériels des stations de base. Pour les sites de stations de base non équipés de LMU, on peut utiliser un module de chronométrage ou 'TMU' (Timing Measurement Unit). Ce module sert uniquement à fournir à la station de base des signaux de synchronisation dans les mêmes formats que ceux fournis par les LMU. Les signaux de chronométrie fournis par les TMU sont synchrone avec les signaux fournis par les LMU. Un tel TMU uniquement chronomètre coûte moins cher que le LMU parce qu'il est dégagé des fonctions de mesure du signal remontant ou descendant. Cette logique de fonctionnement permet à l'opérateur cellulaire de synchroniser les stations de base à un coût relativement faible.
PCT/US2005/014188 2005-02-11 2005-04-25 Synchronisation de station e/r de base WO2006088472A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0715498A GB2437678B (en) 2005-02-11 2005-04-25 Base transceiver station (BTS) synchronization
MX2007009322A MX2007009322A (es) 2005-02-11 2005-04-25 Sincronizacion de una estacion transceptora base (bts).
JP2007555069A JP4750138B2 (ja) 2005-02-11 2005-04-25 送受信基地局（ｂｔｓ）の同期
CN2005800477058A CN101112107B (zh) 2005-02-11 2005-04-25 用于同步基站收发信机（bts）的方法和系统
CA2595365A CA2595365C (fr) 2005-02-11 2005-04-25 Synchronisation de station e/r de base
EP05758372A EP1847132A4 (fr) 2005-02-11 2005-04-25 Synchronisation de station e/r de base
BRPI0520026-1A BRPI0520026A2 (pt) 2005-02-11 2005-04-25 método para aperfeiçoamento de espectro e sistema de localização sem-fio de superposição de redes
AU2005327593A AU2005327593B2 (en) 2005-02-11 2005-04-25 Base transceiver station (BTS) synchronization
IL184979A IL184979A (en) 2005-02-11 2007-08-01 Base receiver station (bts) synchronization

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US65226505P 2005-02-11 2005-02-11
US60/652,265 2005-02-11

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JP (1) JP4750138B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20070114286A (fr)
CN (1) CN101112107B (fr)
AU (1) AU2005327593B2 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0520026A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2595365C (fr)
GB (1) GB2437678B (fr)
IL (1) IL184979A (fr)
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GB2437678A (en) 2007-10-31
CA2595365A1 (fr) 2006-08-24
IL184979A (en) 2012-10-31
IL184979A0 (en) 2007-12-03
AU2005327593A1 (en) 2006-08-24
JP4750138B2 (ja) 2011-08-17
JP2008530901A (ja) 2008-08-07
MX2007009322A (es) 2007-09-21
AU2005327593B2 (en) 2009-10-22
KR20070114286A (ko) 2007-11-30
BRPI0520026A2 (pt) 2009-05-12
GB2437678B (en) 2009-06-10
EP1847132A1 (fr) 2007-10-24
CN101112107B (zh) 2011-11-09
GB0715498D0 (en) 2007-09-26
EP1847132A4 (fr) 2009-09-02
CN101112107A (zh) 2008-01-23
CA2595365C (fr) 2013-01-22

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