WO2006077894A1 - 第4級アンモニウム塩、電解質、電解液並びに電気化学デバイス - Google Patents
第4級アンモニウム塩、電解質、電解液並びに電気化学デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006077894A1 WO2006077894A1 PCT/JP2006/300664 JP2006300664W WO2006077894A1 WO 2006077894 A1 WO2006077894 A1 WO 2006077894A1 JP 2006300664 W JP2006300664 W JP 2006300664W WO 2006077894 A1 WO2006077894 A1 WO 2006077894A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- carbonate
- iso
- quaternary ammonium
- ammonium salt
- Prior art date
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- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 78
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 title claims description 59
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- -1 Chain carbonate ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 209
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical group CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(O)=O CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910014347 N(SO2F) Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 84
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 58
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 54
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 44
- PBIMIGNDTBRRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro borate Chemical compound FOB(OF)OF PBIMIGNDTBRRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- KOCWJEWXPJKXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(methoxymethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound COC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 KOCWJEWXPJKXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 31
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 27
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 27
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-fluorosulfonylsulfamoyl fluoride Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)NS(F)(=O)=O KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
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- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 19
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N Deuterated methanol Chemical compound [2H]OC([2H])([2H])[2H] OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
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- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- GTHWJSPEAAGERR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-(methoxymethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].COC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 GTHWJSPEAAGERR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
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- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- KBJKKOQVRMZFNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(propan-2-yloxymethyl)pyrrolidine Chemical compound C(C)(C)OCN1CCCC1 KBJKKOQVRMZFNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- 229960004592 isopropanol Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- ZJACZNZOAGQFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(ethoxymethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCOC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 ZJACZNZOAGQFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- NWOFTSVOBJAZQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-(ethoxymethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCOC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 NWOFTSVOBJAZQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- FOXRDXYTBAGPNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(ethoxymethyl)-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCOC[N+]1(CCC)CCCC1 FOXRDXYTBAGPNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpyrrolidine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1 AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000287433 Turdus Species 0.000 description 1
- FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N [(3S)-3-[8-(1-ethyl-5-methylpyrazol-4-yl)-9-methylpurin-6-yl]oxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-(oxan-4-yl)methanone Chemical compound C(C)N1N=CC(=C1C)C=1N(C2=NC=NC(=C2N=1)O[C@@H]1CN(CC1)C(=O)C1CCOCC1)C FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQJKROMZRNVFFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cl-].COC[NH+]1CCCC1 Chemical compound [Cl-].COC[NH+]1CCCC1 DQJKROMZRNVFFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010220 ion permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-O lysinium(1+) Chemical compound [NH3+]CCCCC([NH3+])C([O-])=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGMKFQYCZXERLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N proglumide Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DGMKFQYCZXERLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver sulfate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UYCAUPASBSROMS-AWQJXPNKSA-M sodium;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][13C](=O)[13C](F)(F)F UYCAUPASBSROMS-AWQJXPNKSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006561 solvent free reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013555 soy sauce Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- RKSOPLXZQNSWAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl bromide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)Br RKSOPLXZQNSWAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBRKLOOSMBRFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)Cl NBRKLOOSMBRFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
- C07D295/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/62—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a quaternary ammonium salt, an electrolyte, an electrolytic solution, and an electrochemical device. Specifically, the present invention relates to a functional material that has high solubility in an organic solvent and can be used as an electrolyte with high withstand voltage and high electrical conductivity. '' Background technology
- organic electrolytes are used more frequently than aqueous ones.
- the organic electrolyte include an alkali metal salt or solid ammonium salt dissolved in an organic solvent such as propylene carbonate.
- the former is an electrolyte for a lithium ion battery, and the latter is an electrolyte for an electric double layer capacitor. It is used as a liquid.
- Organic electrolytes have poor electrical conductivity compared to aqueous systems, and many studies on organic solvents and electrolytes have been conducted to improve electrical conductivity.
- the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte changes with the electrolyte concentration.
- Increasing the concentration of ions in the electrolyte with increasing concentration increases the electrical conductivity, but eventually reaches a maximum.
- the electrical conductivity reaches the maximum point and begins to decrease.
- the interaction between the solvent ions and ions increases, making it difficult for the electrolyte to dissociate. It is thought that the viscosity of the liquid increases. As the electrolyte concentration increases further, it cannot dissociate any more and the electrolyte concentration saturates.
- tetraethylammonium trifluorobore and triethylmethylammonium fluorbore have been used as electrolytes, but these electrolytes are relatively soluble in high-dielectric-constant solvents.
- crystals are precipitated at a higher concentration or at a low temperature.
- it was almost insoluble in low-dielectric constant solvents and could not be used as an electrolyte.
- propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, aptyrolactone, or the like is used as a solvent in a high voltage requirement, even if the electrolyte is converted to a high withstand voltage type, it is governed by the decomposition voltage of the solvent.
- the upper limit of the operating voltage of capacity was about 2.5 V.
- the electrolyte mainly solvent
- the electrolyte is electrochemically decomposed, resulting in undesirable performance such as significant deterioration of performance and gas generation.
- improvement of energy density is required, and improvement of operating voltage is an effective means of improving energy density.
- conventional electrolytic solutions cannot improve the withstand voltage, and electrolytes and solvents with higher withstand voltage have been demanded.
- the electrostatic energy of capacitance is proportional to the square of the withstand voltage, so even a slight improvement in withstand voltage is eagerly desired.
- Chain solvents such as ethylmethyl carbonate are listed as solvents with higher withstand voltage, but these solvents with low dielectric constants include conventional tetraethylammonium mutafluorate and triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoro. Electrolytes such as Roboreto were low in solubility and could not be used as electrolytes. In recent years, a salt having a melting point close to room temperature or a salt having a melting point below room temperature (room temperature molten salt) has been found. Such salts are known to dissolve in organic solvents at a higher concentration than ordinary electrolytes even if they are solid at room temperature. In addition, room temperature molten salt is mixed with a specific organic solvent in any ratio.
- an aliphatic ammonium salt into which an alkoxyalkyl group is introduced is excellent in solubility in a non-aqueous organic solvent, and salt precipitation hardly occurs at low temperatures (see Patent Document 1).
- the room temperature molten salt is evaluated for propylene carbonate, which is a solvent having a low withstand voltage.
- capacitors As described above, it is important to use a solvent with a high withstand voltage in order to improve the energy density of the capacitor.
- increasing the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte is an effective technique.
- One of the major features of capacitors is that they can be charged and discharged with a large current compared to secondary batteries. However, when discharging with a large current, the energy lost by the resistance increases. In extreme terms, most of the energy stored in the capacity is lost due to resistance heat. Therefore, reducing the resistance of the capacitor leads to an increase in the energy that can be used substantially among the energy stored in the capacitor, and increasing the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte is an important ci.
- Patent Document 1 WO 0 2 Z 0 7 6 9 2 4
- the purpose of the present invention is not only having high electrical conductivity, but also excellent solubility in a chain of carbon dioxide, which is a solvent with high withstand voltage, excellent reliability at low temperature, and electrolyte with high withstand voltage. It is to provide an electrochemical device. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention relates to the following inventions.
- R 1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- X represents CF 3 C ⁇ 2 _, CF 3 S_ ⁇ 3 BF 3 -, C 1 BF 3 -, A 1 F 4 -, CF 3 BF 3 -, C 2 F 5 BF 3 -, N (SO 2F) 2 -, PF 6 - , A s F 6 — or S b F 6
- a composition comprising at least one quaternary ammonium salt represented by formula (1) and formula (2) and an organic solvent.
- the present invention relates to a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (1), and also to an electrolyte containing the quaternary ammonium salt.
- R 1 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- X represents CF 3 C ⁇ 2 -, CF 3 S_ ⁇ 3 BF 3 -, C 1 BF 3 -, A l F 4 -, CF 3 BF 3 -, C 2 F 5 BF 3 -, N (SO 2F) 2 -, PF 6 - , A s F 6 — or S b F 6
- Examples of the linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms represented by R 1 include methyl Group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, iso-propyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group.
- a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is preferable. More preferred is a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- Examples of the straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms represented by -R 2 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, and an iso-propyl group. A methyl group or an ethyl group is preferable.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate N-ethyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate, N-methoxymethyl-N —N-Propylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate, N-methoxymethyl-N—iso-propylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate, N—n-butyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate, N-iso-butyl _ N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate, 'N-tert-butyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate,
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinum chlorotrifluorate N-ethyl nitro N-methoxymethylpyrrole lysine trifluoroborate
- N-methoxymethyl-N-n-propylpyrrolidinium chlorotrifluoroborate N-methoxymethyl mono-N-iso-propylpyrrolidinium chlorotrifluoroborate
- N _ tert-butyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidone trifluoroborate N tert-butyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidone trifluoroborate, '
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethyl trifluoroborate N-ethyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethyl U-fluoroborate, N-methoxymethyl-N-n-propylpyrrole Dimethyl trifluoromethyl trifluoroborate, N-methoxymethyl-N-iso monopropyl pyrrolidinium trifluoromethyl trifluoroborate, N-n-butyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoro Chloromethyl trifluoroborate, N—i.so-butyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethyltrifluoroborate, N—tert—butyl mono-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethyl Trifluoro Robot,
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide N-ethyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, N-methoxymethyl-N—n— Propylpyrrolidinium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, N-methoxymethyl-N—iso-propylpyrrolidinium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, N—n—Petitul N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium bis (Fluoro ⁇ ) Sulfonyl) imide, N-iso-butyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, N-tert-butyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, N-Ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoroa
- N-Ethoxymethyl-N-Methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonyl trifluorate N-Ethoxymethyl-1-N-Ethylpyrrolidinium Fluoromethanesulfonyl trifluoropore, N-Ethoxymethyl- N—n—Propylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonyl trifluoroborate, N-ethoxymethyl-N—iso-propylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethane methanesulfonyl trifluoroborate, 'N—n-butyl-N —...
- Toximeti Rupyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonyl trifluoroborate N—iso-butyl-N-ethoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfuric acid, N—tert —butyl—N— Toximethylpyridine trifluoromethanesulfonyl trifluoroborate,
- N-ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinum black trifluoroborate N-ethoxymethyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinum trifluoroborate, N-ethoxymethyl-N-n-propylpyrrolidinum trifluoroborate , N-Ethoxymethyl-N-iso-propylpyrrolidinium chlorotrifluoroborate, N-n-Pitreu N-Ethoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluorofluorate, N-iso-butyl-N-hydroxymethyl Pyrrolidinium black trifluoroborate, N-tert-butyl-N-ethoxymethylpyrrolidin trifluoroborate,
- N-Ethoxymethyl-N-Methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethyl trifluoroborate N-Ethoxymethyl-N-Ethylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethyl, N-Ethoxymethyl- N _ n-propylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethyl rifluoroborole, N-ethoxymethyl-N-iso propylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethyltrifluoroporate, N-n-petitoru N-ethoxymethylpyrrolidinium ⁇ Lifluoromethyl trifluoroborate, N—iso-butyl-N—ethoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoro Methyl trifluoroporate, N_tert-butyl-N-ethoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluor oral tilt trifluoroborate,
- N-Ethoxymethyl-N-Methylpyrrolidinumpentafluoroethyl trifluoroborate N-Ethoxymethyl mono-N-Ethylpyrrolidinum pentene Fluoroetyl trifluoroborate, N-Ethoxymethyl-N- n- Propylpyrrolidinium nitrofluoride trifluoroborate, N-ethoxymethyl-N—iso-propyl pyrrolidinium benzoyltrifluorborate, N_n-butyl-N-ethoxymethylpyrrolidini Fluoroyl chloride Fluoroborate, N-iso-Butyl-N-Ethoxymethylpyrrolidinium Fluorotilyl Fluoroborate, N-tert-Butyl-N-oxymethyl Pyrrolidinumpen evening fluoroetil
- N_Ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidiniumbis (fluorosulfonyl) imide N-Ethoxymethyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinumbis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, N-ethoxymethyl-N_n-propyl Pyrrolidinium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, N-ethoxymethyl-N—iso-propylpyrrolidinium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, N—n-butyl-N-ethoxymethylpyrrolidinium bis (fluoro) Sulfonyl) imide, N—iso-butyl-N —ethoxymethylpyrrolidiniumbis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, N—tert-butyl-N-ethoxymethylpyrrolidiniumbis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, N— Methyl-N-n-propoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluor
- N-methyl-N- n-propoxymethylpyrrolidene trifluoromethane N-ethyl-N-propoxymethylpyrroline dimethylfluoromethanesulfonyl, N — N—Propyl 1 N— n —Propoxymethylpyrrolidinum trifluoride trifluorosulfate, N—iso—propyl 1 N— n _Propoxymethylpi-lydium rifluoromethanesulfonyl rifluorobore N—n—Butyl—N—n—Propoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethyl sulfate, N—iso—Butyl N—n—Propoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonyl ⁇ rifluorobore, N—tert-butyl-N—n—propoxymeth Pyrrolidinylmethyl ⁇ -time triflate Ruo Lome chest Rufoniru Bok Rifur
- N-Methyl-N-n-propoxymethylpyrrolidinum black mouth trifluoroborate N-ethyl-N-propoxymethylpyrrolidinum black mouth trifluoroborate, N-n-propyl-N_n-propoxymethyl N-iso-propyl-N- n —propoxymethyl pyrrolidinum trifluorobore, N—n-butyl-N—n-propoxymethyl pyrrolidinum trifluoroborate, N—iso-butyl-N 1 n-propoxymethyl pyrrolidinum trifluorate, N— tert —butyl-N— n —propoxymethyl pyrrolidinum trifluorate,
- N-methyl-N- n-propoxymethylpyrrolidinium rifluoromethyl rifluoroborate N-ethyl-N-n-propoxymethyl pyrrolidinium trifluoromethyl trifluoropole
- N _ n-propyl 1 N — N—Propoxy methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethyltrifluoroborate N—iso—propyl—N—n—propoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethyltrifluoroborate, N—n—butyl —N—n—propoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethyl trifluoroborate
- N—iso—petitor N—n—propoxymethylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroaluminate N—tert-butyl —N — N-propoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethyl trifluoroborate
- N-Methyl-N- n-propoxymethylpyrrolidinumpen fluoretol rifluorobore N-ethyl-N-propoxymethylpyrrolidinum pentylfluoroborate
- N—n —Butyl-N—n—propoxymethylpyrrolidinium penfluorite and fluorophore N—iso—petitor N—n—propoxymethylpyrrolidinium pentafluoroethyl and fluorophore, N—!
- N-methyl-N-iso-propoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate N-ethyl-N-is one propoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate, N-n-propyl-one N-iso —Propoxymethylpyrrolidinium ⁇ Fluoroacetate, N—iso—Propyl N N—iso—Propoxymethyl pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate, N— n—Butyl N—iso—Propoxymethyl pyrrolidinium Mutrifluoroacetate, N—iso-butyl—N-iso—propoxymethylpyrrolidinium rifluoroacetate, N—tert—Pitreux N—iso—propoxymethylpyrrolidinium rifluoroacetate,
- Mouth pill N—iso—Propoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethane, N—iso—propyl mono N—iso—propoxymethyl pyrrolidinium trifluoro L-methanesulfonyl trifluoroborate, N-n-butyl-N-iso-propoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonyl trifluoroborate, N-iso-butyl-N-iso-propoxymethylpyrrolidine Fluoromethanesulfonyl trifluorobore, N— tert-butyl-N— is o-propoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonyl trifluoroborate,
- N-methyl-N-iso-propoxymethyl pyrrolidinium pentafluoroborate N-ethyl-N-iso-propoxymethylpyrrolidi N-pentafluoroethyl trifluoroborate
- N—n—Butyl N—is 0 —Propoxymethylpyrrolidinumpentafluoroetil trifluoroborate N—iso —Butyl _ N — Iso—propoxymethylpyrrolidinium pen fluorecetyl fluoride, N— tert-butylto N— iso—propoxymethyl pyrrolidinium pentafluorotrifluoroborate
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate N-ethyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate, N-methoxymethyl-N-n-propylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate, N-methoxymethyl-N-iso —Propylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate, N—n—Butyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate, N—iso-butyl-N—methoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexaful Oroarsenate, N-tert-butyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate,
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroantimonate N-ethyl _ N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroantimonate, N-methoxymethyl-N —N-propylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroantimonate, N-methoxymethyl-N—iso-propylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroantimony, N—n-butyl—N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium Hexafluoroantimonate, N—iso-butyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroantimonate, N-tert-butyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroantimonate ,
- N_Ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate N-toximethyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphine, N-ethoxymethyl-N-n-propyl Pyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate, N-ethoxymethyl-N-iso-propylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate, N-n-butyl-N-ethoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoro Phosphate, N-iso-butyl-N-ethoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphine, N-tert-butyl-N-ethoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate,
- N-Ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate N-Ethoxymethyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate, N-Ethoxymethyl-N-n- Propylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsene — ⁇ , N-oxymethyl-N—iso-propylpyrrolidinium hexafluoride N-n-Butyl-N-Ethoxymethylpyrrolidinium Hexafluoroasenate, N-iso-Butyl _ N-Ethoxymethylpyrrolidinium Hexafluoroarsenate, N _ tert-butyl-N-ethyoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroasenate,
- N-methyl-N-n-propoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate N-ethyl-N-n-propoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate, N-: n-propyl-one N- n-propoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate, N-iso-propyl-N-n-propoxymethylpigone lysofluoroarsenate, N-n-butyl-N-n-propoxy Cymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroasenate, N—iso-butyl—N T / JP2006 / 300664
- N propoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate
- N ter t-butyl-N—n—propoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate
- N-methyl-N- n propoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroantimonate, N-ethyl-N-propoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroantimony, N—n-propyl-one N—n— Propoxymethylpyrrolidinium Hexafluoroantimonate, N—iso-propyl-N—n-propoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroantimonate, N_n-butyl-N—n-propoxymethylpyrrole Dihexahexafluoro ⁇ antimonate, N—iso-butyl-N—n —propoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroantimonate, N—tert-butyl-N—n-propoxymethylpyrrolidinium Hexafluoroantimonate,
- N—methyl _ N _ iso—propoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroasenate
- N—n—butyl-N-iso—propoxymethylpyrrolidin Um Hexafluoroa Sene N T / JP2006 / 300664
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinum trifluoroacetate N-ethyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinum trifluoroacetate — ⁇ , N-ethoxymethyl-N_methylpyrrolidinium trifluoro Loaceate,
- N-ethoxymethyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinum trifluoroacetate is good.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonyl trifluoroborate N-ethyl-1-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonyl trifluoroborate
- N-ethoxymethyl- N-methylpyrrolidone trifluoromethanesulfonyl trifluorobenzene and N-ethoxymethyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonyl fluorate are preferred.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinum trifluoride N-ethyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium trifluoride, N-ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidin Mukuroguchi trifluoroborate, N-ethoxymethyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinum trifluoroborate are preferred.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium pen fluorethyl trifluoroborate N-ethyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium pentafluoroethyl trifluoroborate, N-ethoxymethyl-N —Methyl pyrrolidinum pen fluoretrol trifluorate, N—Ecoxymethyl lu N—Pen fluoretrifluor fluorobore.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidiniumbis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, N-ethyl-1-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidiniumbis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, N-ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrole Preferred are dinumbis (fluorosulfonyl) imide and N-ethoxymethyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinumbis (fluorosulfonyl) imide.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium trifluorosulfonyltrifluoroborate More preferred are N-ethymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonyl-fluoroborate. More preferably, N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinum Fluoroborate, N-ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinum trifluoride
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroaluminate More preferred are N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroaluminate and N-ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroaluminate.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethyl trifluoroborate More preferred are N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethyl trifluoroborate and N-ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium rifluoromethyl rifluoroborate.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinumpen fluorechlorotrifluorate N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinumpentafluoroetrifluorborate Good ;
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide More preferred are N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide and N-oxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphine N-ethyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinhexafluoro ⁇ phosphate, N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium Muhexafluoro ⁇ Phosphate, N-Ethoxymethyl-N-Ethylpyrrolidinium Hexafluorolophosphine is preferred.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroacenate N-ethyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroacenate, N-ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluoro N-Ethoxymethyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium hexafluorase is preferred.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate More preferred are N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate and N-ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate More preferred are N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate and N-ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroantimonate More preferred are N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroantimonate and N-ethoxymethyl-N_methylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroantimonate.
- X one is CF 3 C_ ⁇ 2 -, CF 3 S0 3 BF 3 -, C 1 BF 3 -, A 1 F 4 -, CF 3 BF 3 C 2 F 5 BF 3 -, N ( S_ ⁇ 2 F). 2 —
- the quaternary ammonium salt of the present invention can be produced by various methods. The representative method will be described using the following reaction formulas 1 and 1.
- Alkylpyrrolidine represented by the formula (5) (R 1 is the same as above) and the compound represented by the formula (6) (R 2 is the same as above, Y is C and represents Br, I, etc. )
- R 1 is the same as above
- R 2 is the same as above
- Y is C and represents Br, I, etc.
- a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (1) can be produced by a salt exchange reaction with.
- M contains an alkali metal atom such as H or Na, K or Li, an alkaline earth metal atom such as Ca, Mg or Ba, or a metal atom such as Ag.
- tertiary amines represented by formula (5) include methyl pyrrolidine, ethyl pyrrolidine, n-propyl pyrrolidine, iso-propyl pyrrolidine, n-butyl pyrrolidine, iso-butyl pyrrolidine, tert-butyl pyrrolidine and the like. Can do.
- Compounds represented by the formula (6) include chloromethyl methyl ether, promomethyl methyl ether, odomethyl methyl ether, chloromethyl ethyl ether, bromomethyl ethyl ether, odomethyl ethyl ether, Chloromethyl • Mono-n-propyl ether, promomethyl-n-propyl ether, odomethyl mono-n-propyl ether, chloromethyl-iso-propyl ether, bromomethyl Examples thereof include chilled iso-propyl ether and odomethyl-iso-propyl ether.
- a known solvent is widely used as long as it is a solvent that can dissolve the tertiary amine represented by the formula (5) and the compound represented by the formula (6) and does not adversely influence the reaction.
- solvents include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, black mouth form, and carbon tetrachloride; methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, and n-butyl alcohol.
- Lower alcohols such as tert-butyl alcohol; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl cane; ethers such as jetyl ether and diethyl iso-propyl ether; esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; Examples thereof include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as xane and n-heptane; and aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as black mouth form, ketones such as acetone, and esters such as methyl acetate.
- halogenated hydrocarbons such as black mouth form
- ketones such as acetone
- esters such as methyl acetate.
- solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- solvents are preferably anhydrous solvents (water content of 1000 ppm or less).
- the compound represented by the formula (6) is generally used in an amount of 5 to 5 mol, preferably 0.9 to 1.2 mol, per 1 mol of the tertiary amine represented by the formula (5).
- the reaction is usually carried out at 1-30-100, preferably 1-10-40. In general, the reaction is performed for several hours to 24 hours.
- reaction between the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (1a) obtained by the above reaction and the compound represented by the formula (7) is carried out by an ordinary salt exchange reaction.
- the compound represented by the formula (7) used as a raw material is a known compound.
- This salt exchange reaction is performed in a suitable solvent.
- a solvent to be used as long as it is a solvent that can dissolve the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (1 a) and the compound represented by the formula (7) and does not adversely influence the reaction, a known one can be used. Can be widely used.
- solvents examples include water; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrachlorocarbon; and lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, and tert-butanol.
- Ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone
- esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate
- non-proline polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide.
- lower alcohols such as methanol
- halogenated hydrocarbons such as black mouth form: Water is good.
- These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the compound represented by the formula (7) is generally used in an amount of 0.3 to 5 mol, preferably 0.9 to 1.2 mol, per 1 mol of the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (la). . Since the reaction usually proceeds rapidly, for example, a solution obtained by dissolving both in a solvent is reacted at 5: ⁇ 150 for about 10 minutes to 24 hours.
- the desired product obtained in each of the above reactions can be easily isolated from the reaction mixture by a conventional separation means such as centrifugation, concentration, washing, organic solvent extraction, chromatography, recrystallization and the like. And purified.
- the salt exchange reaction can also be performed using an ion exchange resin.
- the ion exchange resin include an anion exchange resin.
- the salt exchange reaction can be achieved by exchanging the anion in the resin to the intended anion in advance and passing a solution in which the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (la) is dissolved into the resin.
- the solvent used here can be widely used as long as it can dissolve the formula (1a) and does not adversely affect the salt exchange reaction. Examples of such a solvent include water and alcohols.
- the neutralizing agent include various alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, organic alkali metal salts, silver salts and the like.
- Examples include lithium, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, silver sulfate, silver nitrate, and silver perchlorate.
- the reaction format is the method of synthesizing the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the previous equation (1)!
- a method of synthesizing a quaternary ammonium salt represented by formula (1) can be applied as a method of converting to a salt according to the subsequent purpose.
- Z represents CF 3 S0 3 , C 1
- W represents H 20 , methanol, jetyl ether, and the like.
- (W) may be omitted, and BF 3 gas may be used.
- R 1 R 2 is the same as above.
- This reaction can be carried out using a suitable solvent.
- the solvent is represented by the formula (8) As long as it is a solvent that can dissolve the quaternary ammonium salt and the compound represented by the formula BF 3 (W) and does not adversely affect the reaction, a wide variety of known ones can be used.
- solvents examples include water; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrachlorocarbon; and lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, and tert-butanol. And ketones such as acetone, and ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and jetyl ether.
- lower alcohols such as methanol
- halogenated hydrocarbons such as black mouth form: water.
- These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- BF 3 (W) is usually used in an amount of 0.3 to 5 mol, preferably 0.9 to 1.2 mol, per 1 mol of the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (8).
- the reaction is carried out at 0 to 150 ° for about 1 to 24 hours. It is also possible to react with BF 3 gas.
- the quaternary ammonium represented by formula (8) is diluted with an appropriate organic solvent and reacted by blowing BF 3 gas. Further, BF 3 gas may be directly blown into a neat solid or liquid without using a solvent.
- the amount of BF 3 gas to be blown is expressed by the following formula (8).
- 0.3 to 5 mol, preferably 0.9 to 1.2 mol is used per 1 mol of the quaternary ammonium salt.
- the reaction temperature is about 30 to 10 Ot: for 1 to 24 hours.
- AIF 4 salt can also be synthesized by the following reaction.
- solvents examples include water; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform, and tetrachlorocarbon; lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, and tert-butanol. And ketones such as acetone and ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and jetyl ether. These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more. A solvent-free reaction is preferable.
- a 1 F 3 (W) is usually 0.3-5 mol, preferably 0.9-; L. 2 mol, more preferably 1 mol of the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (10) Use 1 mole of.
- the reaction is carried out at 0 to 150 for about 1 to 24 hours. Thereafter, W can be removed by distillation under reduced pressure or heating under 2 ⁇ , and the target compound, formula (1 1), can be obtained.
- reaction conditions for producing the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (1) in which X represents A 1 F 4 from the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (la) are specifically shown.
- a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (1a) is dissolved in an excess amount of 50 to 100% hydrofluoric acid and heated at 0 to 100 for 1 to 24 hours to obtain the formula (10). It was added to the resulting et expressions (10) to A 1 F 3 hydrate of a predetermined amount, the reaction order among at 0-100 at 1-24.
- the obtained reaction solution can be removed at 50 to 150 ° C. to remove excess hydrofluoric acid to obtain the desired product, formula (11).
- reaction conditions for producing the quaternary Anmoniumu salt X quaternary Anmoniumu salt is represented by N (S_ ⁇ 2 F) 2 to indicate to formula (1) represented by formula (la) Demonstrate.
- a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (la) is dissolved in water, and a predetermined amount of bisfluorosulfonimidic acid or bisfluorosulfonimidic acid metal salt (bisfluosulfonic acid) is dissolved in this solution. Lisulfonimide lithium salt, sodium salt, potassium Add salt, etc.) and leave at 0-25 ° C for 30 minutes.
- the target product to be produced is extracted with an appropriate solvent (eg, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, etc.), and the extract is washed with water, concentrated under reduced pressure, and dried to obtain the target product, formula (1 1) can be obtained.
- an appropriate solvent eg, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, etc.
- Bisfluorosulfonimidic acid is a known compound and is synthesized, for example, according to the technique disclosed in ROLF APPEL und GERHARD EIS ENHAUER, ChemischeBeriCht (1962), 95, 246-248, etc.
- the alkali metal salt of bisfluorosulfonimidic acid is synthesized according to a known method.
- a known method is disclosed in, for example, PL DH INGRA, RL S I NGHAL AND RAJ END AR D VERMA, I n i a J Jo u rna 1 o f Ch e m s st r y (1985), 24A, 472-475 and the like.
- reaction conditions for producing the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (1) in which X represents PF 6 from the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (1 a) are specifically shown.
- M contains an alkali metal atom such as H or Na, K, or Li, an alkaline earth metal atom such as C a, Mg, or Ba, or a gold metal atom such as Ag.
- the alkoxypyrrolidine represented by the formula (12) and the compound represented by the formula (13) used as starting materials are both known substances.
- the alkoxypyrrolidine represented by the formula (12) is synthesized according to a known method. Such a method is described in, for example, CM McLeod und GM Robins on, J. Chem. Soc. 1 19, 1470 (1921), GM Rob insonund R. Rob ins on, J. Chem. o c. 123, 5 32 (1923), Ste wert, T. D; Brad 1 y, WEJ Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 4172-41 83, etc.
- the alkoxypyrrolidine represented by the formula (12) is generally synthesized using pyrrolidine, formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, alcohol and alkali carbonate as raw materials.
- These raw materials are used in an amount of 10 to 38% by weight formaldehyde aqueous solution or paraformaldehyde in an amount of 0.5 to 3.0 mol, preferably 0.6 to 1 mol. 5-3. 0 mol, preferably 2.0-3.0 mol is used, and alkali carbonate is used 0.2-3.0 mol, preferably 0.4-1.0 mol.
- the appropriate reaction temperature is 15 to 25 ⁇ when formaldehyde aqueous solution is used, and 60 to 10 ⁇ : when paraformaldehyde is used. The reaction is carried out for several hours to 24 hours.
- the alkoxypyrrolidine represented by the formula (12) is easily isolated from the reaction mixture by a conventional isolation means such as extraction, rectification and the like.
- Compounds represented by formula (13) include methyl chloride, methyl promide, methyl iodide, ethyl chloride, ethyl iodide, ethyl promide, ⁇ -propyl chloride, ⁇ -propyl bromide, ⁇ -propyl iodide, is ⁇ —propyl chloride, iso-propyl bromide, iso-propyl pill iodide, n-butyl chloride, n-butyl bromide, n-butyl bromide, iso-butyl chloride, iso-butyl bromide, iso —butyl iodide, tert-butyl chloride, tert-butyl bromide, .tert-butyl iodide and the like.
- solvents can be widely used as long as they can dissolve the alkoxypyrrolidine represented by the formula (12) and the compound represented by the formula (13) and do not adversely affect the reaction.
- solvents include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform, and tetrachlorocarbon; methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, and n-butyl.
- Lower alcohols such as evening and tert-butanol; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; ethers such as jetyl ether and di is 0-propyl ether; esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate; n— Heki Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as sun and n-heptane; and aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane.
- ketones such as acetone, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, and halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene
- halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform.
- solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- solvents are preferably anhydrous solvents (moisture of not more than 100 ppm).
- the compound represented by the formula (1 3) is usually used in an amount of 0.5 to 5 mol, preferably 0.9 to 1.2 mol, with respect to 1 mol of the alkoxypyrrolidine represented by the formula (1 2).
- the reaction is usually performed at 0 to 1550. In general, the reaction time is about 24 to 72 hours.
- it is preferable to use an autoclave or the like.
- the water content of the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the above formula (1) is preferably 1 O O p pm or less. More preferably, it is 50 ppm or less, even more preferably 3 O.ppm or less, and particularly preferably 10 ppm or less.
- a room temperature molten salt that is liquid at room temperature can be suitably used as an electrolyte.
- one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be mixed and used.
- the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (1) of the present invention can be suitably used as an electrolytic solution by mixing with an appropriate organic solvent.
- one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be mixed and used.
- organic solvent examples include a cyclic carbonate ester, a chain carbonate ester, a phosphate ester, a cyclic ether, a chain ether, a lactone compound, a chain ester, a nitrile compound, an amide compound, and a sulfone compound. These organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Specific examples thereof include the following compounds, but are not limited thereto.
- cyclic carbonate examples include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate is preferable.
- Chain carbonates include dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl-n-propyl carbonate, methyl-iso-propyl carbonate, n-butyl methyl carbonate, jetyl carbonate, ethyl n-propyl carbonate.
- phosphate ester examples include trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, ethyl dimethyl phosphate, and jetyl methyl phosphate.
- Examples of the cyclic ether include tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. ..
- chain ether examples include dimethoxyethane.
- lactone / polymer compound examples include aptilolactone.
- chain ester examples include methyl propionate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and methyl formate.
- nitrile compounds include acetonitrile. -.
- Examples of the amide compound include dimethylformamide.
- sulfone compound examples include sulfolane and methyl sulfolane. Of these, cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates, nitrile compounds, and sulfonate compounds are preferred.
- solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of mixed organic solvents include cyclic carbonates and chain carbonates, chain ⁇ Examples include carbonates and sulfolane compounds.
- cyclic carbonate and chain carbonate examples include, for example, ethylene strength and dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate and jetyl carbonate, propylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate And ethylmethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, and jetyl carbonate.
- chain carbonates examples include dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate.
- sulfolane compounds examples include sulfolane and methyl sulfolane.
- Preferred examples include ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, propylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate.
- the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (1) of the present invention can be particularly suitably used as an electrolytic solution by mixing with a chain carbonate ester which is an organic solvent.
- a chain carbonate ester which is an organic solvent.
- one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be mixed and used.
- -Chain carbonates include dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl-n-propyl carbonate, methyl _iso-propyl carbonate, n-butyl methyl carbonate, jetyl carbonate , Ethyl n-propyl carbonate, ethyl-iso-propyl carbonate, n-butylethyl carbonate, di-n-propyl carbonate, g-iso-propyl carbonate, g-n-butyl carbonate, etc.
- dimethyl carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate are used.
- solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the mixed organic solvent examples include dimethyl carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate.
- the electrolyte concentration is 0.1 M or more, more preferably 0.5 M or more, More preferably, it is 1 M or more.
- a solution obtained by dissolving the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (1) of the present invention in the above organic solvent can be used as an electrolytic solution for an electrochemical device.
- Examples of the electrochemical device include an electric double layer capacitor and a secondary battery.
- the electrolyte or electrolyte of the present invention can be used in the same manner as the electrolyte or electrolyte used in known electric double layer capacitors and secondary batteries.
- the electrolyte concentration is more preferably 0.1 M or more. Is 0.5 M or more, more preferably 1 M or more. If the electrolyte concentration is less than 0.1 M, the electrical conductivity will be low and the performance of the electrochemical device may be degraded.
- the upper limit of the electrolyte concentration is the concentration that separates from an organic solvent for a quaternary ammonium salt that is liquid at room temperature, and 100% if not separated from the organic solvent. For quaternary ammonium salts that are solid at room temperature, the upper limit is the concentration at which the salt is saturated in an organic solvent.
- An electrolytic solution for an electrochemical device can be prepared using the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (1) of the present invention.
- the electrolytic solution obtained by the present invention can be used for an electrochemical device capable of storing electric energy by physical action or chemical action, and can be suitably used for, for example, an electric double layer capacitor and a secondary battery.
- the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (1) of the present invention is a liquid, it can be used as an electrolytic solution, and the salt can be used by mixing with an appropriate organic solvent. Can do.
- moisture adversely affects the performance of the electric double-layer capacitors, so there is no atmosphere in the atmosphere, for example, in an inert atmosphere such as argon gas or nitrogen gas.
- an inert atmosphere such as argon gas or nitrogen gas.
- the moisture in the work environment can be managed with a dew point meter.
- the electrolyte concentration is determined from the viewpoint of electrical conductivity of the electrolytic solution as described above. Therefore, it is preferably 0.1 M or more, more preferably 0.5 M or more, and particularly preferably 1 M or more.
- the upper limit of the electrolyte concentration is not limited as long as the electrolyte does not precipitate and separate.
- the organic solvent the above-mentioned various solvents can be used, but physical properties such as dielectric constant, viscosity, melting point and the like differ depending on the type of the solvent. Therefore, the type of the organic solvent to be used and the formula (1) of the present invention It is preferable to determine the mixed composition according to the type of quaternary ammonium salt represented by
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethane sulfonyl chloride and ethylmethyl carbonate N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethane sulfone is used.
- the composition of nitrotrifluoroborate is preferably 50 to 90% by weight, more preferably 50 to 80% by weight.
- the composition of N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinum trifluorborate is 7
- the content is preferably 0 to 90% by weight, more preferably 70 to 80% by weight.
- N-Methoxymethyl-N-Methylpyrrolidinum trifluoroalumine N-methoxymethyl-N_methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroaluminum in the case of electrolytes consisting of ⁇ and ethylmethyl carbonate
- the composition of the soy sauce is preferably 50 to 90% by weight, more preferably 50 to 80% by weight.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophos In the case of an electrolyte solution composed of aqueous solution composed of aqueous solution composed of aqueous solution composed of aqueous solution composed of aqueous solution composed of aqueous solution composed of aqueous solution composed of aqueous solution composed of aqueous solution composed of aqueous solution composed of aqueous solution composed of aqueous phosphine is preferably 10 to 90% by weight, more preferably It is 20 to 80% by weight, more preferably 45 to 85% by weight.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate In the case of an electrolyte solution composed of N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate and ethylmethyl carbonate, N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate
- the composition of the soot is preferably 40 to 90% by weight, more preferably 40 to 80% by weight, and still more preferably 40 to 60% by weight.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate In the case of an electrolyte consisting of N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate and ethylmethyl carbonate, N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarose
- the composition of the nate is preferably 30 to 90% by weight, more preferably 40 to 80% by weight, and still more preferably 40 to 60% by weight.
- N-Methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium Hexafluoroantimonate and ethylmethyl carbonate in the case of an electrolyte solution N-methoxymethyl-N-methylbiliginium hexafluoroantimonate
- the composition is preferably 30 to 90% by weight, more preferably 40 to 80% by weight.
- the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (1) of the present invention can also be used for an electrolyte solution for a secondary battery, particularly an electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery.
- the working environment in which the preparation work is performed is preferably in a globe box in which the dew point is controlled.
- an electrolytic solution can be obtained by dissolving the lithium salt in the quaternary ammonium salt. Further, the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (1) of the present invention is mixed with an appropriate organic solvent, and the lithium salt is dissolved in this mixture to obtain an electrolytic solution.
- the lithium salt various lithium salts such as lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium borofluoride, lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium sulfonimidimide, lithium sulfonylmethide lithium and the like can be used. Lithium salt precipitation The type is not particularly limited as long as it does not occur.
- the lithium salt concentration is usually from 0.1 to 2.0 mol, preferably from 0.15 to L; 5 mol, more preferably from 0.2 to 1.2 mol, particularly preferably from 0.3 to 1.0. It is.
- the lithium salt concentration is less than 0.1 mol, when the charge / discharge rate is large, lithium ions are depleted in the vicinity of the electrode, and the charge / discharge characteristics may be deteriorated.
- the lithium ion concentration exceeds 2.0 mol, the viscosity of the electrolytic solution may increase and the electrical conductivity may decrease.
- the anion forming the lithium salt preferably contains BF 4 — .
- the reason is not clear, but when tetrafluoroporate is included, a passive film is formed on the surface of the aluminum used as the positive electrode current collector, and the dissolution of aluminum can be suppressed. Conceivable.
- the content of BF 4 — is preferably adjusted so that the number of ions is 0.5% or more of the total number of anions in the electrolytic solution, more preferably 0.8% or more. .
- the upper limit concentration is such that the number of ions contained in BF 4 is 100% of the total number of anions in the electrolyte.
- the quaternary ammonium salt can be suitably used as an electrolytic solution by mixing with a suitable organic solvent.
- a suitable organic solvent In this case, one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be mixed and used.
- organic solvent examples include the same cyclic carbonate ester, chain carbonate ester, phosphate ester, cyclic ether, chain ether, lactone compound, chain ester, nitrile compound, amide compound, and sulfone compound as described above. Can be mentioned. These organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the electrolytic solution can be particularly preferably used by mixing it with a chain carbonate ester which is an organic solvent.
- a chain carbonate ester which is an organic solvent.
- one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be mixed and used.
- chain carbonates include dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl-n_propyl carbonate, and methyl-iso-propyl carbonate.
- ⁇ n-butylmethyl carbonate, jetyl carbonate
- ⁇ ethyl n-propyl carbonate, ethyl iso-propyl carbonate, n-butylethyl carbonate, di-n-propyl carbonate, di-iso-propyl carbonate, Di-n-butyl carbonate and the like can be mentioned, and dimethyl carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate are preferable.
- solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the mixed organic solvent include dimethyl carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate.
- the electrolytic solution used in the present invention preferably contains a specific organic additive.
- Specific organic additives include, for example, ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, ethylene-rich carbonate, vinylene tri-carbonate, ethylene sulfite, and the like. Of these, ethylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate are preferred. These organic additives are used singly or in combination of two or more.
- a lithium ion selective permeable membrane known as SEI Solid Electrolyte Interface
- SEI Solid Electrolyte Interface
- the specific organic additive includes a substance that also functions as a diluent.
- the content of these specific organic additives is such that the ratio of the organic additives to the total electrolyte weight is preferably 1 to 40% by weight, more preferably 1 to 30% by weight, and even more preferably 1 -20% by weight, most preferably 1-10% by weight.
- the content of the specific organic additive is less than 1% by weight, a sufficient film is not formed on the negative electrode surface, and the decomposition of the ammonium cation forming the quaternary ammonium salt and the penetration into the negative electrode material are suppressed. There is a risk that it will be impossible to control.
- An electric double layer capacitor can be suitably produced using the electrolytic solution of the present invention obtained above. wear.
- An example of this electric double layer capacity is shown in FIG.
- the shape of the electric double layer capacitor is not limited to the coin type as shown in Fig. 1, but a stacked type in which electrodes are stacked and stored in a can body, a wound type in which the electrode is wound and stored, Or what is called the laminate type which is packed in the aluminum laminate may be used.
- the structure of a coin-type electric double layer capacity will be described below.
- FIG. 1 is a drawing showing a cross section of a coin-type electric double layer capacitor. Electrodes 1 and 2 are arranged opposite to each other via a separator 3 and are stored in container bodies 4 and 5.
- the electrode is composed of a polarizable electrode portion made of a carbon material such as activated carbon and a current collector portion.
- the container bodies 4 and 5 do not have to be corroded by the electrolytic solution, and are made of, for example, stainless steel or aluminum.
- the container bodies 4 and 5 are electrically insulated by an insulating gasket 6 and at the same time, the inside of the metal can body is sealed so that moisture and air from the outside of the can body do not enter.
- the current collector and container 4 of the electrode 1 and the current collector of the electrode 2 and the metal spacer 7 are in contact with each other at an appropriate pressure due to the presence of the metal spring 8, and are in electrical contact. Keep.
- the current collector may be bonded using a conductive paste such as a single paste.
- the polarizable electrode material is preferably a material having a large specific surface area and high electrical conductivity, and must be electrochemically stable to the electrolyte within the range of applied voltage used. It is. Examples of such a material include a carbon material, a metal oxide material, and a conductive polymer material. In view of cost, the polarizable electrode material is preferably a carbon material.
- an activated carbon material is preferable, and specific examples include sawdust activated carbon, ashigara activated carbon, pitch-coke activated carbon, phenol resin activated carbon, polyacrylodiaryl activated carbon, and cellulose activated carbon. it can.
- metal oxide material examples include ruthenium oxide, manganese oxide, and oxide oxide.
- Examples of conductive polymer materials include polyaniline film, polypyrrole film, poly Examples include thiophene films and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films.
- the electrode is formed by pressure-molding the polarizable electrode material with a binder, or by mixing the polarizable electrode material with an organic solvent such as pyrrolidone together with a binder, and forming a paste into an aluminum foil or the like After coating on the current collector, it can be obtained by drying.
- the separator is preferably one having high electronic insulation, excellent wettability of the electrolyte, and high ion permeability, and must be electrochemically stable within the applied voltage range.
- the material of the separation evening is not particularly limited, but paper made of rayon, Manila hemp, etc .; poly; ⁇ -refin porous film; polyethylene nonwoven fabric; polypropylene nonwoven fabric and the like are preferably used. ,
- a lithium secondary battery can be suitably prepared using the electrolytic solution of the present invention obtained above.
- Examples of the form of the lithium secondary battery of the present invention include a coin type, a cylindrical type, a square type, and a laminate.
- As an example of the lithium secondary battery of the present invention for example, the form of a coin-type cell shown in FIG. 2 can be mentioned.
- the lithium secondary battery will be described with reference to FIG.
- stacked in order of 1, the separator evening 13, the negative electrode 12, and the spacer 17 is accommodated.
- a spring 18 between the negative electrode can 15 and the spacer 17 the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 are appropriately pressed and fixed.
- the electrolyte is impregnated between the positive electrode 11, the separator 13 and the negative electrode 12.
- the gasket 16 is interposed between the positive electrode can 14 and the negative electrode can 15, the positive electrode can 14 and the negative electrode can 15 are caulked to bond them together, and the laminate is sealed.
- the positive electrode active material for example, L i C o0 2, L i N i 0 2, L i N i X _ X C o x
- T I_ ⁇ 2 V 2 0 oxides such as 5; T i S 2, Ru can be mentioned F e S sulfides such like. From the viewpoint of battery capacity and energy density, complex oxides of lithium and transition metals preferable.
- the positive electrode is formed by pressure-molding these positive electrode active materials together with known conductive aids and binders, or the positive electrode active materials together with known conductive aids and binders into organic solvents such as pyrrolidone. It can be obtained by mixing and applying a best shape to a current collector such as an aluminum foil and then drying.
- lithium metal As the negative electrode active material, lithium metal, an alloy of lithium metal and another metal, or a material from which lithium ions are inserted and released is used.
- the alloy of lithium metal and other metal include Li i AI, Li i Sn, Li i Zn, Li i Si, and the like.
- materials from which lithium ions are inserted and desorbed include carbon materials obtained by firing resins and pitches, carbon materials obtained by adding boron compounds to these carbon materials, and natural black lead. These negative electrode materials are used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the negative electrode is formed by pressure-molding these negative electrode active materials together with known conductive aids and binders, or the negative electrode active materials are mixed with known conductive aids and binders in organic solvents such as pyrrolidone.
- the paste can be obtained by coating a current collector such as a copper foil and then drying.
- the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (1) of the present invention and an electrolytic solution containing the quaternary ammonium salt have high electrical conductivity, high solubility in organic solvents, and are suitable as an electrolytic solution for electrochemical devices.
- the electrochemical device include, but are not limited to, an electric double layer capacitor, a secondary battery, a dye-sensitized solar cell, an electochromic element, and a capacitor.
- Particularly suitable electrochemical devices are electric double layer capacitors and secondary batteries.
- Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an electric double layer capacitor.
- Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a lithium secondary battery.
- Fig. 3 shows a production diagram of a beaker cell type electric double layer capacitor.
- FIG. 4 shows a developed view of the electrode winding body 21 of the beaker cell type electric double layer capacity.
- Figure 5 shows the charge / discharge curves measured with a coin-type lithium secondary battery.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the composition ratio, temperature, and composition state of the composition of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the electrochemical stability of the present invention.
- Negative electrode can, 16 Gasket, 1 7 Spacer, 18 Spring, 19 Cylindrical glass container, 20 Cylindrical screw cap, 2 1 Electrode winding body, 22 Electrical lead, 23 Electrical lead, 24 Core , 25 positive sheet, 26 negative sheet, 27 separate evening, 28 separate evening
- N-methylpyrrolidine (Reagent: Purified by rectification from Tokyo Kasei) Pyrrolidine, water content 0.1% or less) 50.0 g to 292.0 g dehydrated acetone (water content 0.1% or less) Dissolved and purged with nitrogen. 57.3 47.3 g of lower chloromethyl methyl ether (reagent: purified by distillation from Tokyo Kasei) was added dropwise over 1 hour. The mixture was stirred at 5 ° C for 1 hour and stirred at 5 to 15 or less for 4 hours to complete the reaction. The reaction solution was filtered off, and the resulting solid was washed with 120 g of acetone. 92.5 g of the desired product (white solid) Body).
- An electrical conductivity meter manufactured by R adiome ter was used for the measurement of electrical conductivity.
- a CDC 64 1 T manufactured by R adiometer was used for the measurement cell.
- a tripolar electrochemical cell was used to measure the withstand voltage.
- working electrode ⁇ 1.0 mm, electrode area 0.0 0 7 9 cm- 2 glassy carbon electrode (BAS Co., Ltd.), as reference electrode ⁇ 0.5 mm silver wire (Nilaco Co., Ltd., purity 9 9. 9 9%), and a platinum electrode of 0.5 mm x 50 mm (1 1 1 2 2 3 3) manufactured by BAS Co., Ltd. was used as the counter electrode.
- Linear sweep Bol evening performed Nmetori one to examine the potential that current density and reducing current density oxide becomes 0. 5mAcm_ 2 separately. The difference between these potentials was taken as the withstand voltage.
- Note ⁇ application rate of potential was 5 OMV s one 1.
- HZ-3100 manufactured by Hokuto Denko was used for electrochemical measurements.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium chloride 24.3 g was dissolved in anhydrous black mouth form (reagent: Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 1 16 g. Then, 24.3 g of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (reagent: manufactured by A 1 drich) was added dropwise over 1 hour. The temperature was gradually raised and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried in vacuo. Residue is made of alumina column (I CN A ilu dicals GmbH I CN A lu (Mina N, Ak t. 1 eluent phase nitrile). The eluent was concentrated and vacuum-dried to obtain 3 9. lg of the desired product (colorless liquid).
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium chloride 50.0 g was dissolved in 50.0 g of methanol, and 30% HC 1 BF 3 methanol solution 1 1 0.14 g was added. 1 3 0 heated under ° C, performs New 2 lambda 'pulling to obtain methanol, the desired product except for HC 1 BF 3 in excess and chloride Hydrogen (the brown liquid) 7 0. 1 1 g.
- 1 H-NMR, electric conductivity, and withstand voltage were measured. '
- a hydrofluoric acid solution was mixed with 50.0 g of N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium chloride. Under heating at 60, ⁇ 2 ⁇ pulling was performed to remove hydrogen chloride and excess hydrofluoric acid to obtain ⁇ -methoxymethyl- ⁇ -methylpyrrolidinum humorous ride 5 9. 5 2 g .
- 15.6 g of aluminum hydroxide was dissolved in 100 g of 50% aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution at room temperature, filtered, and the filtrate was cooled to aluminum fluoride 9-hydrate. 442. 7 6 g was obtained. Mix N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinum lipstick 30.4 g obtained above with aluminum fluoride 9 hydrate 36.4 g at 50 and mix.
- N-methoxymethyl- N-methylpyrrolidinium chloride 20.0 g was dissolved in 120 g of water, and 20.3 g of sodium hexaoxaphosphine was added to form a white solid. . After stirring for 30 minutes, dichloromethane was added and extracted. The extract was washed 15 times with 20 g of water and then dried. The target product (23.3 g) was obtained as a white solid.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium chloride 1 1. 1 g is dissolved in 100 g of methyl alcohol, and 24.97 g of silver hexafluoroantimonate (reagent: A 1 drich) is added. And reacted at 5 ° C for 1 hour. The resulting silver chloride was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. Extraction was performed by adding 300 g of dichloromethane and 100 g of water. The extract was washed 15 times with 100 ml of water. Concentrate, vacuum dry and target product (white solid Body) 2 5.5 g was obtained.
- N-Ethyl N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium chloride 35.0 g was dissolved in 35.0 g of methanol, and 30% HC 1 BF 3 methanol solution 71.08 g was added. Under heating at 1 30, ⁇ 2 ⁇ pulling was performed to obtain 4 3.49 g of the target product (brown liquid), excluding methanol, hydrogen chloride and excess HC 1 BF 3 . In the same manner as in Example 1, 1 H-NMR and electrical conductivity were measured.
- a hydrofluoric acid solution was mixed with 44.3 g of N-ethyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium chloride. Under heating of Ot :, ⁇ 2 ⁇ pulling is performed to remove hydrogen chloride and excess hydrofluoric acid to obtain ⁇ -ethyl ⁇ -methoxymethylpyrrolidinium fluoride 6 2. 10 g It was. Also, 15 6 g of aluminum hydroxide was dissolved in 100 g of 50% aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution at room temperature, filtered, and the filtrate was cooled to aluminum fluoride 9hydrate 442. 7 6 g was obtained.
- Example 15 Synthesis of N-ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinum trifluoroborate '' 35.0 g of N-ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium chloride was dissolved in 3.5.0 g of methanol, and 71.08 g of 30% HC 1 BF 3 methanol solution was added. Under heating at 130, N 2 A pulling was performed to obtain 41.llg of the target product (brown liquid) except methanol, hydrogen chloride and excess HC 1 BF 3 . In the same manner as in Example 1, 1 H-NMR and electrical conductivity were measured.
- a hydrofluoric acid solution was mixed with 60.90 g of N-ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium chloride. 60 heating under performs New 2 lambda pulling to remove hydrofluoric acid and hydrogen chloride excess, to give the ⁇ - ethoxymethyl over ⁇ - methylpyrrolidinyl ⁇ Muhu port Oraido 62. 10 g. Further, 156 g of aluminum hydroxide was dissolved in 1000 g of 5.0% aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution at room temperature and filtered, and then the filtrate was cooled to obtain 442.76 g of aluminum fluoride nonahydrate.
- Example 1 Synthesis of 7-N-hexylmethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate
- N_ethoxymethyl_N_ethylpyrrolidinum chloride 35.00'g of N_ethoxymethyl_N_ethylpyrrolidinum chloride was dissolved in 70.00 g of water and 32.70 g of sodium hexafluorophosphate was added, a white solid precipitated. After stirring for 30 minutes, black mouth form was added and extracted. The extract was washed 15 times with 50 g of water and then dried. The target product (37.50 g) was obtained as a white solid.
- 1 H-NMR was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- N-Ethoxymethyl-N_methylpyrrolidinium chloride 13 Dissolve 12 g in 40.0 g of water, add lithium hexafluoroarsenide (reagent: Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 14. Add 30 g to room temperature Reacted for 1 hour. Black mouth form 30.00 g was added and extracted. The effluent was washed 15 times with 15.0 g of water and then dried. Target product (white solid) 1 1. 70 g was obtained. 1 H-NMR measurement was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate prepared in Example 1 and propylene carbonate were mixed in various concentrations in a nitrogen atmosphere dry box having a dew point of 1-60 or less.
- the water content of the mixed solution was measured with a Karl Fischer moisture meter and confirmed to be 30 ppm or less.
- the mixed concentrations were as listed in Table 1, and the electrical conductivity of various compositions was measured.
- the liquid composition solution not separated or solidified was taken out of the dry box again and the electrical conductivity was measured.
- a conductivity meter (made by CDM210 Radoometer) was used for the measurement of electrical conductivity.
- XE-100 (manufactured by R adiome ter) was used for the measurement cell.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonyl triborate prepared in Example 3 and propylene carbonate were mixed at various concentrations in a nitrogen atmosphere dry box with a dew point of 1-60 or less. did.
- the water content of the mixed solution was measured with a Karl Fischer moisture meter and confirmed to be 30 ppm or less.
- the mixed concentrations were as listed in Table 2, and the electrical conductivity of various compositions was measured in the same manner as in Example 19. [Table 2]
- the water content of the mixed solution was measured with a luffier moisture meter to confirm that it was 30 ppm or less.
- the mixed concentrations were as shown in Table 3, and the electrical conductivities of the various compositions were measured in the same manner as in Example 19.
- N-Methoxymethyl-N_methylpyrrolidinum crochet prepared in Example 4 The electrical conductivities of the various compositions were measured in the same manner as in Example 19. except that rifluoroborate and propylene carbonate were used.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium pentafluorotrifluoroborate prepared in Example 6 and ethylmethyl carbonate were used in the same manner as in Example 19 except that the electricity of various compositions was Conductivity was measured.
- the electrical conductivity of the various compositions was determined in the same manner as in Example 19 except that N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate and ethylmethyl carbonate produced in Example 8 were used. It was measured.
- N-Methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate, ethylmethyl carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate prepared in Example 8 were prepared at various concentrations with a dew point of 1 6 O: Mixed in an atmospheric dry box. After mixing, remove the glass containers containing various solutions from the dry box and immerse them in a thermostatic chamber. Pickled. 'Hold the thermostat at 25, 0, 1 and 30 for 5 hours, and check the condition visually. Each composition was classified into a composition that maintained a liquid state at 130, a composition that solidified between 30 and 0, a composition that solidified at 0, and a composition that separated into phases.
- Figure 6 shows the relationship between the mixed concentration of N-methoxymethyl and N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate, ethylmethyl carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate, and the results of visual observation.
- the horizontal axis is the concentration of N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate
- the vertical axis is the weight ratio of dimethyl carbonate in the mixed solvent consisting of ethylmethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate.
- a line with a vertical axis of 0 indicates that the solvent is only ethyl methyl carbonate.
- the region represented by the following formula is liquid when the region is 130. Indicates.
- Example 10 The electrical conductivity of each composition was measured in the same manner as in Example 19 except that N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium antimonate and ethylmethyl carbonate produced in 10 were used. .
- Example 11 N-Ethyl_N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinum black mouth prepared in 1
- the electrical conductivity of various compositions was measured in the same manner as in Example 19 except that trifluoroborate and dimethyl carbonate were used. . [Table 1 7]
- Example 11 N_Ethyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinumcrophth prepared in 1 Except for using trifluoroborate and ethylmethyl carbonate, the electrical conductivity of various compositions was measured in the same manner as in Example 19 It was measured.
- Example 19 The electrical conductivities of various compositions were measured in the same manner as in Example 19 except that N-ethyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroaluminate and dimethyl carbonate produced in Example 12 were used.
- Example 21 In the same manner as in Example 19 except that N-ethyl-N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroaluminate and ethylmethyl carbonate produced in Example 12 were used, the electrical conductivity of various compositions was measured. It was measured. ' [Table 21]
- Example 19 The same procedure as in Example 19 was conducted except that N_ethyl _N-methoxymethylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroaluminate prepared in Example 12 and ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate were used. The electrical conductivity of various compositions was measured.
- Example 40 60 16. 2 1 0.6 solid
- Example 14 Electrical conductivity of various compositions in the same manner as in Example 19 except that N_ethyl_N_methoxymethylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate and dimethyl carbonate prepared in Example 4 were used. Was measured.
- Example 14 Electrical conductivity of various compositions in the same manner as in Example 19 except that N-edilu N-methoxy.methylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate and ethylmethyl carbonate prepared in Example 4 were used. The degree was measured. [Table 26]
- Example 15 N-Ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinum black mouth prepared in Example 15 The electrical conductivities of various compositions were measured in the same manner as in Example 19 except that trifluoroborate and dimethyl carbonate were used. .
- Example 15 5 N-Ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinum black mouth prepared in Example 15 5 The electrical conductivity of various compositions was measured in the same manner as in Example 19 except that trifluoroborate and ethylmethyl carbonate were used. It was measured. [Table 2 8]
- Example 19 In the same manner as in Example 19 except that N-ethoxymethyl_N_methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroaluminate prepared in Example 16 and propylene carbonate were used, the electrical conductivities of various compositions were measured. It was measured.
- Example 4 8-Various compositions were prepared in the same manner as in Example 19 except that N-ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroaluminate and dimethyl carbonate prepared in Example 6 were used. Electrical conductivity was measured. [Table 30]
- Example 1 The electrical conductivities of various compositions were measured in the same manner as in Example 19 except that N-ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroaluminate and ethylmethyl carbonate produced in Example 6 were used. did.
- Example 16 The same as Example 19 except that N_ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroaluminate prepared in Example 6 and ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate were used. The electrical conductivity of various compositions was measured. [Table 3 2]
- Example 17 The electrical conductivity of various compositions was measured in the same manner as in Example 19 except that N-ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate and dimethyl carbonate produced in Example 7 were used. did.
- Example 1 N-ethoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidi produced in 8 :! Umhexa
- the electrical conductivities of various compositions were measured in the same manner as in Example 19 except that fluoroarsenate and dimethyl carbonate were used.
- the electrical conductivity of the various compositions was determined in the same manner as in Example 19 except that N_ethoxymethyl_N_methylpyrrolidinium hexafluoroarsenate and ethylmethyl carbonate prepared in Example 18 were used. It was measured.
- N-methylpyrrolidine (Reagent: manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 31.108 was dissolved in 124.308 and replaced with nitrogen.
- 61.22 g of lower chloromethyl ether (reagent: manufactured by Aldrich) was added dropwise over 1 hour. The temperature was gradually raised, and the mixture was stirred at 60 to 70 ° C for 37 hours to complete the reaction. The resulting solid was cooled to room temperature and filtered off under nitrogen. After washing with 70 g of toluene, it was dried under reduced pressure (brown solid 78.99 g). The resulting solid was suspended in 200 g of acetone, stirred and washed at room temperature, nitrogen It was filtered off (repeated twice X).
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate prepared in Example 8 was mixed with ethylmethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 1: 1 to a concentration of 2M. It was dissolved and the electrochemical stability was measured. The preparation was carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere dry box with a dew point of 1-60 or less. The water content of the mixed solution was measured with a Karl Fischer moisture meter and confirmed to be 30 ppm or less. Electrochemical stability was measured using a three-electrode electrochemical cell. As a working electrode, [Phi 1. 0 mm, electrode area 0.
- Example 56 N-methoxymethyl_N_methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate prepared in Example 8 was dissolved in ethyl methyl carbonate to a concentration of 2 M, and electrochemical stability was measured. It was. The preparation was carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere dry box with a dew point of 160 or less. The water content of the mixed solution was measured with a force Fischer moisture meter and confirmed to be 30 ppm or less. The electrochemical stability was measured in the same manner as in Example 55, and the results are shown in FIG.
- N, N, N-triethyl-N-methylammonium tetrafluoroborate produced in Comparative Example 3 was dissolved in propylene carbonate to a concentration of 1.5 M, and electrochemical stability was measured.
- the preparation was conducted in a dry box with a dew point of 160 and the following nitrogen atmosphere.
- the water content of the mixed solution was measured with a Karl Fischer moisture meter and confirmed to be 30 ppm or less.
- the electrochemical stability was measured in the same manner as in Example 55, and the results are shown in FIG.
- N-methoxymethyl_N-methylpyrrolidinum crochto synthesized in Example 4 Trifluoroborate and ethylmethyl carbonate are mixed so that the dew point is 70:30 by weight ratio—
- the solution was prepared at 60 in the following nitrogen atmosphere dry box.
- the water content of the mixed solution was measured with a Karl Fischer-one moisture meter, and it was confirmed that it was 30 ppm 'or less.
- An electric double layer capacitor 1 having the structure of FIG. 1 was produced using the above electrolyte. Electrode 1 and Electrode 2 were coated with aluminum paste at a thickness of 150 mm and dried after a paste was obtained by kneading together with a conductive material mainly composed of activated carbon, a binder, and N-methylpyrrolidone. The sheet-like electrode obtained in this way is cut out into a disk shape.
- the container body 1 ', container body 2, spacer 1 and spring are all made of stainless steel, and the separator is made of polypropylene nonwoven fabric.
- the electric double layer capacitor was assembled in a glove box filled with argon gas.
- Electrode 1 Electrode 2, Container body 1, container body 2, spring, and spacer were vacuum dried for 24 hours under heating at 120, and then brought into the glove box.
- the electrolytic solution prepared above was impregnated in Electrode 1, Electrode 2 and Separation Overnight, and container 1 and container 2 were caulked with a gasket in the configuration shown in FIG. 1 to obtain an electric double layer capacity.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroaluminate synthesized in Example 5 and propylene carbonate were mixed at a weight ratio of 40:60, and the dew point was _
- the solution was prepared at 70 in the following nitrogen atmosphere dry box.
- the water content of the mixed solution was measured with a Karl Fischer moisture meter and confirmed to be 30 ppm or less.
- An electric double layer capacity was obtained in the same manner as in Example 57 except that the electrolyte prepared in the present example was used instead of the electrolyte used in Example 57.
- Example 5 N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroaluminate synthesized in Example 5 and ethylmethyl carbonate were mixed so that the dew point was 60:40 by weight ratio—
- the solution was prepared at 60 in the following nitrogen atmosphere dry box.
- the water content of the mixed solution was measured with a Karl Fischer-one moisture meter and confirmed to be 30 ppm or less.
- An electric double layer capacity was obtained in the same manner as in Example 57 except that the electrolyte prepared in the present example was used instead of the electrolyte used in Example 57.
- the solution was prepared in a nitrogen atmosphere dry box having a dew point of 1700 and a temperature of 20 ° C.
- the water content of the solution after mixing was measured with a Karl Fischer moisture meter and confirmed to be 30 ppm or less.
- the above adjustments were made in this example.
- An electric double layer capacitor was obtained in the same manner as in Example 57 except that the produced electrolyte was used.
- Example 57 an electric double layer capacity was obtained in the same manner as in Example 57, except that the electrolytic solution prepared in Example 55 was used instead of the electrolytic solution prepared in Example 57.
- Example 57 an electric double layer capacity was obtained in the same manner as in Example 57, except that the electrolytic solution prepared in Example 56 was used instead of the electrolytic solution prepared in Example 57.
- Example 57 an electric double layer capacity was obtained in the same manner as in Example 57 except that the electrolytic solution prepared in Comparative Example 4 was used instead of the electrolytic solution prepared in Example 57. '
- the leakage current value was measured.
- the leakage current value was measured at 25 ° C.
- the coin cell was immersed in a thermostat set to the specified temperature and held for 4 hours, after which charging / discharging of the electric double layer capacity was started. Current density a constant current charge of 0. 5mAcm_ 2, switched to constant voltage charging when the voltage is 2. reaches 5 V. 2.
- the solution was prepared at 0 in the following nitrogen atmosphere dry box.
- the water content of the solution after mixing was measured with a Karl Fischer moisture meter, and it was confirmed that it was 30 ppm or less.
- An electric double layer capacitor was obtained in the same manner as in Example 57 except that instead of the electrolytic solution used in Example 57, the electrolytic solution prepared in the present example was used.
- Example 7 N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide synthesized in Example 7 and propylene carbonate were mixed so that the mixing composition was 40:60 by weight ratio. However, it was prepared in the following nitrogen atmosphere dry box at 70. Measure the water content of the mixed solution with a Karl Fischer moisture meter. It was confirmed that it was below pm. Instead of the electrolytic solution used in Example 57, an electric double layer capacity was obtained in the same manner as in Example 57 except that the electrolytic solution prepared above was used in this example.
- the i R loss was measured for the coin-type electric double-layer capacitor manufactured in Example 58, Example 60, Example 63, Example 64 and Comparative Example 5.
- the charge / discharge measurement of the electric double layer capacity was performed at 0 ° C in a thermostatic chamber. Current density a constant current charge of 0. 5mAc m_ 2, was switched to constant voltage charging when the voltage 2. reaches 5 V. 2. After holding at 5 V for 90 minutes, discharge 0.5 mAcm— 2 at a constant current, switch to low voltage discharge when the voltage reaches 0.1 V, and hold at 0.IV for 90 minutes .
- the above charging / discharging was combined into one cycle.
- the iR loss immediately after the fourth cycle discharge was measured. The results are shown in Table 41. Table 14 shows the results of comparison of the iR losses of Example 58, Example 60, Example 63, and Example 64 when the iR loss immediately after the fourth cycle discharge in Comparative Example 5 was set to 100. It was shown to.
- N-methoxymethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium pentafluorotrifluoroborate prepared in Example 6 and ethylmethyl carbonate were mixed so that the dew point was 60:40 by weight.
- the solution was prepared at 60 in the following nitrogen atmosphere dry box.
- the water content of the solution after mixing was measured with a Karl Fischer moisture meter and confirmed to be 30 ppm or less.
- the electric double layer capacitor 2 is composed of a cylindrical glass container 19, a cylindrical screw cap 20, an electrode winding body 21, strip-shaped electrical leads 2 2 and 2 3, and an electrolyte.
- the electrode winding body 21 is composed of two strips sandwiching a fluororesin winding core 24, a strip-shaped positive electrode sheet 25, a strip-shaped negative electrode sheet 26, and a strip-shaped positive electrode sheet 25. It consists of separators 27 and 28. These components are wound around the core 24 in the order shown in FIG. 4 and fixed with a fluororesin tape.
- the positive electrode sheet 25 and the negative electrode sheet 26 are made of a paste obtained by kneading together with a conductive material mainly composed of activated carbon, a binder, and N-methylpyrrolidone into an aluminum foil having a thickness of 30 m. It was obtained after coating at a thickness of 50 m and drying. As shown in FIG. 4, the development of the positive electrode sheet 25 and the negative electrode sheet 26 has a strip-shaped electric lead portion where no electrode layer is present.
- each of the above components was sufficiently vacuum-dried and then introduced into a nitrogen atmosphere dry box having a dew point of 160 or less, and the electric double layer capacitor 2 was assembled as follows. That is, after inserting the electrode winding body 21 into the cylindrical glass container 19, the electrolyte obtained in Example 13 was injected, and the electrolyte was soaked into the details of the electrode in the dry box front chamber. And impregnated under reduced pressure.
- the cylindrical glass container was sealed with a cylindrical screw cap 20 through a fluororesin seal tape at the screw-type sealing part of the cylindrical glass container.
- a charge / discharge test and measurement of leakage current were performed on the electric double layer capacitor manufactured by the above method. All measurements were performed in a nitrogen atmosphere dry box. Charging / discharging of the electric double layer capacity was performed under the following conditions. That is, the current density is 0. 5 mA cm was treated with constant current charge one 2, switched to constant voltage charging when the voltage reaches 2. 5 V. 2. After holding 3 0 0 minutes 5 V, 0. 5 mA was treated with constant current discharge cm one 2, voltage is held 3 0 0 minutes to the constant voltage discharge switch 0 V when it reaches 0 V . The capacitance was calculated from the integrated value of electrical energy during discharge. The leakage current value was measured as follows. That, 0. 5 mA cm one second voltage a constant current charging is 2.
- Example 65 an electric double layer capacity 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 65 except that the electrolytic solution prepared in Comparative Example 4 was used instead of the electrolytic solution used.
- the charge / discharge test and the measurement of the leakage current value were performed in the same manner as in Example 57.
- FIG. 2 A coin-type lithium secondary battery having the structure shown in FIG. 2 was manufactured.
- 11 is a positive electrode
- 12 is a negative electrode
- 13 is a porous separator
- 14 is a positive electrode can
- 15 is a negative electrode can
- 16 is a gasket
- 17 is a spacer
- 18 is a spring.
- Figure 2 A lithium secondary battery was prepared according to the following procedure.
- the positive electrode can 14, the negative electrode can 15, the spacer 17 and the spring 18 were made of stainless steel.
- As the negative electrode 12 a lithium metal foil having a thickness of 200 m cut into a circular shape was used. Next, fabrication of positive electrode 11 is shown.
- L i Co o 2 powder, conductive additive acetylene black, and binder PV d F were mixed at a weight ratio of 85: 10: 5, and N-methylpyrrolidone was added to form a paste-like bowl. This was uniformly coated on an aluminum foil having a thickness of 30 zm using an electrode coating application overnight. This was vacuum-dried at 12 Ot: for 8 hours, and then cut into a circular shape with an electrode punching machine to obtain a positive electrode 11. The separator and the cut out positive electrode are impregnated with the electrolytic solution obtained in Example 66. A positive electrode was placed on the bottom surface of the positive electrode can 14, a porous separator 11 was placed thereon, and then a gasket 16 was inserted.
- the battery prepared above was subjected to a charge / discharge test as follows. Charging was performed at a constant current of 0.2 1 mA, and when the voltage reached 4.2 V, constant voltage charging was performed at 4.2 V for 30 minutes. Discharging was performed at a constant current of 0.2 1 mA until the voltage reached 3 V. When the voltage reached 3 V, it was held at 3 V for 30 minutes, and the above charging and discharging were combined to make one cycle.
- the charge / discharge curve of Example 66 is shown in FIG. Industrial applicability
- the quaternary ammonium salt represented by the formula (1) of the present invention and an electrolytic solution containing the quaternary ammonium salt have high electrical conductivity and excellent solubility in a chain carbonate which is a solvent with high withstand voltage Excellent reliability at low temperatures, high withstand voltage, and suitable as an electrolyte for electrochemical devices.
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JP2006236829A (ja) * | 2005-02-25 | 2006-09-07 | Nisshinbo Ind Inc | イオン液体、蓄電デバイス用非水電解液および蓄電デバイス |
JP2007141489A (ja) * | 2005-11-15 | 2007-06-07 | Gs Yuasa Corporation:Kk | 非水電解質電池 |
JP2007207675A (ja) * | 2006-02-03 | 2007-08-16 | Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd | イオン性液体を用いたリチウム二次電池 |
JP2010532071A (ja) * | 2007-06-29 | 2010-09-30 | コモンウェルス サイエンティフィック アンド インダストリアル リサーチ オーガニゼイション | リチウムエネルギー蓄積デバイス |
EP2169756A4 (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2012-11-28 | Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd | LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY |
EP2169756A1 (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2010-03-31 | Dai-Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd. | Lithium secondary battery |
WO2009011249A1 (ja) | 2007-07-18 | 2009-01-22 | Dai-Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd. | リチウム二次電池 |
JP2009070636A (ja) * | 2007-09-12 | 2009-04-02 | Gs Yuasa Corporation:Kk | 非水電解質電池 |
JP2010111597A (ja) * | 2008-11-04 | 2010-05-20 | Otsuka Chem Co Ltd | 第4級アンモニウム塩 |
JP2011253677A (ja) * | 2010-06-01 | 2011-12-15 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電解液の製造方法 |
JP2015207358A (ja) * | 2014-04-17 | 2015-11-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | フッ化物イオン電池用電解液およびフッ化物イオン電池 |
JP2016119241A (ja) * | 2014-12-22 | 2016-06-30 | 日清紡ホールディングス株式会社 | 二次電池用電解液および二次電池 |
JP2016117844A (ja) * | 2014-12-22 | 2016-06-30 | 日清紡ホールディングス株式会社 | 熱媒体用基材 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1837333B1 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
US20080050657A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
CN102731435A (zh) | 2012-10-17 |
CA2597882C (en) | 2010-09-14 |
KR20070094961A (ko) | 2007-09-27 |
CN101103009A (zh) | 2008-01-09 |
US7875732B2 (en) | 2011-01-25 |
CN101103009B (zh) | 2012-06-06 |
CA2597882A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
TWI318209B (ja) | 2009-12-11 |
EP1837333A1 (en) | 2007-09-26 |
JPWO2006077894A1 (ja) | 2008-08-07 |
EP1837333A4 (en) | 2010-02-17 |
TW200633993A (en) | 2006-10-01 |
JP4802107B2 (ja) | 2011-10-26 |
KR100900132B1 (ko) | 2009-06-01 |
CN102731435B (zh) | 2015-04-01 |
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