WO2006064115A1 - UTILISATION DE SEQUENCES NUCLEOTIDIQUES INTERAGISSΑΝΤ PREFERENTIELLEMENT AVEC LE COMPLEXE DE TRANSCRIPTION PPAR α - Google Patents
UTILISATION DE SEQUENCES NUCLEOTIDIQUES INTERAGISSΑΝΤ PREFERENTIELLEMENT AVEC LE COMPLEXE DE TRANSCRIPTION PPAR α Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006064115A1 WO2006064115A1 PCT/FR2005/003099 FR2005003099W WO2006064115A1 WO 2006064115 A1 WO2006064115 A1 WO 2006064115A1 FR 2005003099 W FR2005003099 W FR 2005003099W WO 2006064115 A1 WO2006064115 A1 WO 2006064115A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6897—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids involving reporter genes operably linked to promoters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of a polynucleotide comprising a sequence of formula (I): - TGACCTNOGGGCT-, in which N represents any natural or synthetic nucleotide base and O represents an A, T or U base, characterized in that said sequence of formula (I) or complementary to (I) allows the selective interaction of said polynucleotide with one or more constituent elements of the PPAR ⁇ transcription complex.
- PPAR Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor
- Steroid hormone receptors regulate the expression of many genes including those involved in cell differentiation and energy metablolism of the cell. In particular, they regulate signaling pathways essential to cell life, by providing a certain balance of lipid and carbohydrate levels circulating in the body [Berger J. and Moller DE (2002) Ann. Rev. Med. 53: 409-35].
- fatty acids such as linoleic acid
- Some carbohydrates act indirectly via hormonal intermediates, such as insulin production, which modify PPAR and thereby activate the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver by activation of hepatic glucokinase expression.
- PPAR is present in the human body in the form of several protein structures. There are three types of structures: PPAR alpha (liver, digestive tract, kidneys %), PPAR gamma (adipose tissue and macrophage %) and PPAR beta or delta (expressed ubiquitously).
- PPAR transcription factors to exert their transactivating activity, act in the form of a PPAR / RXR heterodimeric complex which recruits other proteins including coactivators. Under the influence of more or less specific ligands, the PPAR / RXR complex is activated.
- the PPAR / RXR complex binds to particular DNA sequences, called PPRE (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor element). These sequences are part of the PPAR-regulated target gene promoter.
- PPRE peroxisome proliferator activated receptor element
- Ligands for preferentially activating the PPAR ⁇ and PPAR ⁇ transcription complexes have been identified and used as hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic agents in the treatment of certain metabolic diseases such as hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes mellitus. type II. [Kersten S, Desire B, Wahlie W (2000) Nature 405: 421-4].
- the following ligands can thus be mentioned: PPAR ⁇ : fibrates such as fenofibrate and bezafibrate (synthetic ligands);
- PPAR ⁇ thiazolidinediones, such as rosiglitazone and troglitazone (synthetic ligands);
- the binding experiments make it possible to analyze the binding of a molecule on its molecular target and to determine its affinity. These experiments, although applicable to screening, do not make it possible to determine whether the molecule is is an agonist, inverse agonist, antagonist agonist or antagonist of the target.
- the reporter gene techniques consist in evaluating the regulatory activity of a nucleic sequence by its action on the expression of a reporter gene. This reporter gene is not expressed in the organism studied and its expression is easily analyzed and quantified. This technology makes it possible to know if a new molecule activates the studied sequence. On the other hand, it does not make it possible to know specifically the transcription factor involved. All of these experiments alone do not provide any direct information on the specificity of action that the new ligand is capable of conferring on PPAR.
- polynucleotides including the sequence of formula (I) or complementary to (I) as described below, could be used in processes and kits for characterizing the activity of transcription of PPAR. These uses make it possible in particular to identify new compounds (DNA sequences or ligands) capable of interacting with PPAR, and thus improve the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic diseases related to a modification of PPAR activity.
- the subject of the present invention is therefore the use of a polynucleotide comprising i) a sequence of general formula (I):
- A, C, G and T respectively denote the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine
- N represents any natural or synthetic nucleotide base
- O represents a base which is A (adenine), T (thymine) or U (uracil) ); or ii) a sequence complementary to (I) as defined under i), said sequence (I) or complementary to (I) allowing the selective interaction of said polynucleotide with one or more constituent elements of the PPAR ⁇ transcription complex, said use has for the purpose of directly evaluating the transcriptional activity of PPAR, in particular when it is in the PPAR ⁇ form, and indirectly the PPAR ⁇ transcriptional activity.
- transcription activity is meant that the coding sequence of a gene is transcribed as RNA.
- the transcription is carried out thanks to a transcription complex, which comprises the PPAR transcription factor associated with a certain number of constituent secondary elements, such as auxiliary proteins and ligands. These ancillary elements determine the specificity, or even the selectivity, of the complex of transcription.
- PPAR ⁇ corresponds to an isoform of the PPAR family. It has the ability to activate, within the PPAR ⁇ transcription complex, the transcription of a set of genes called "genes under control of PPAR ⁇ ".
- a polynucleotide is usable according to the invention also when it comprises the inverse sequence complementary to (I) in the two possible orientations (5 '-> 3' or 3 '-> 5'), this is the case for example the SEQ ID No. 2 which is the reverse complementary sequence of SEQ ID No. 1:
- a polynucleotide corresponding to one of the following nucleotide sequences will be used: SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 4, SEQ ID No. 5, SEQ ID No. 6, SEQ ID No. ° 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 17 and SEQ ID NO: 18:
- GGCCTTCCGGCCCCGTGACCTCAGGGCTGGGGTCGCAG (SEQ ID NO: 3) CCGGAAGGCCGGGGCACTGGAGTCCCGACCCCAGCGTC (SEQ ID NO: 4) GGCCTTCCGGCCCCGTGACCTCTGGGCTGGGGTCGCAG (SEQ ID NO: 5) CCGGAAGGCCGGGGCACTGGAGACCCGACCCCAGCGTC (SEQ ID NO: 6) TCCGGCCCCGTGACCTCAGGGCTGGGGTCGCAG (SEQ ID NO: 7) AGGCCGGGGCACTGGAGTCCCGACCCCAGCGTC (SEQ ID NO: 8) TCCGGCCCCGTGACCTCTGGGCTGGGGTCGCAG ( SEQ ID No. 9) AGGCCGGGGCACTGGAGACCCGACCCCAGCGTC (SEQ ID NO: 10)
- the sequence of formula (I) or complementary to (I) can thus be or be inserted theoretically at any point of a polynucleotide, whatever its size and orientation.
- the polynucleotide according to the invention may be a single-stranded or multi-stranded DNA.
- a polynucleotide according to the invention has at least 13 nucleotides, preferably at least 20, and more preferably at least 30 nucleotides.
- a polynucleotide that can be used according to the invention can comprise, in addition to the sequence of formula (I) and complementary to (I), other sequences necessary for the demonstration of a transcription activity [Molecular Biology and Medicine, Kaplan JC and Delpech M, Ed Medicine-Science Flammarion ISBN: 2-257-12488-X], such as a transcription initiation site (basic promoter).
- polynucleotide whose use is described above may comprise, in addition to the sequence of formula (I) or complementary to (I), an additional sequence of PPRE type, that is to say a sequence of DNA capable of interacting with a PPAR type transcription complex, in ⁇
- Said polynucleotide may also comprise the sequence of a gene whose transcription is usually placed under the control of PPAR, or only the promoter sequence of this gene.
- the polynucleotide may also include the sequence of a reporter gene. Transcription of the coding sequence of said reporter gene may, depending on the case, be placed under control of a PPRE ⁇ or PPRE ⁇ / ⁇ type sequence or in fusion with the promoter of a gene under control of PPAR ⁇ , PPAR ⁇ or PPAR ⁇ . / ⁇ .
- the transcription of the coding sequence of the reporter gene is under total or partial control of a polynucleotide comprising a sequence of formula (I) or complementary to (I) as described above.
- the PPAR transcription complex interacts with the sequence (I) or complement of (I) in the presence of a specific ligand thereof.
- sequence of formula (I) or complementary to (I) is at a distance of between 40 and 300 base pairs, more preferably between 50 and 150, upstream of a transcription initiation site.
- sequence of formula (I) and / or complementary to (I) can be inserted into the promoter part of a gene so that the transcription of this gene is placed under control of the PPAR ⁇ complex.
- the promoter sequence of the gene acquires the properties of a PPRE ⁇ type sequence.
- Another subject of the invention consists of an expression vector comprising at least one sequence of formula (I) or complementary to (I) as defined above and a reporter gene.
- Another subject of the invention consists of a host cell transformed using one of the vectors defined above.
- a host cell can serve as a biological system for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of PPAR transcription activity.
- the reporter genes used may be for example: the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene; the Luciferase gene; the gene of the Green Fluorescent Protein; the ⁇ -galactosidase gene;
- SEAP SEcreted Alkaline Phosphatase gene
- ZsGreen gene ZsGreen gene
- the GAL 4 gene (in the case of an indirect GAL4-UAR system in eukaryotic cells)
- vectors that can be used for the purpose of transferring this reporter system into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells, mention may be made of: plasmids such as psG3 , psG5, pBLCAT2, pCATpromoter, pSEAP2-control, pEGFP-1, pHRed1-1, pECFP-1, pCMV-DsRed-Express - phages such as lambda phage;
- adenoviruses such as pDNR-CMV, pShuttle2 or pTRE-Shuttle2; retroviruses such as PIp-LNCX ...
- Different cellular models can be envisioned as host cells.
- Some cells like prokaryotes and yeasts do not naturally express PPAR and RXR. It is therefore necessary, beforehand, to transform them with the cDNAs coding for PPAR and RXR.
- the bacteria that can be used for this purpose are, for example, two clones of Escherichia coli BL21 and JM83, and, as regards yeasts, various clones of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- Some insects express RXR (Usp gene) but not PPAR, it is therefore necessary in this case to transfer them with the cDNAs encoding PPAR.
- the insect cells that may be suitable include, for example, the Drosophila melanogaster S2 and Sf21 cell lines.
- Mammalian cells especially rodent cells (murine preadipocyte 3T3-L1, etc.), express both PPAR ⁇ and RXR ⁇ .
- rodent cells murine preadipocyte 3T3-L1, etc.
- PPAR ⁇ and RXR ⁇ express both PPAR ⁇ and RXR ⁇ .
- the ligand specificity for PPAR may vary depending on the species. It will therefore first be necessary to check it before extrapolating the results to the man.
- the cells of human origin are hosts of choice, especially those expressing PPAR ⁇ important levels such as adipocytes (cells in primary culture ...) and enterocytes (CaCo-2, HT29 ). Transfection of these cells with cDNA coding for PPAR ⁇ makes it possible to increase the sensitivity. In the context of an application for high throughput screening, it is recommended to preferentially use adherent cells grown in multiwell plates.
- a polynucleotide that can be used according to the invention can be obtained in different ways. Originally, the sequence SEQ ID No. 1 was characterized from a human gene. The polynucleotides according to the invention can however be reproduced by direct and programmed chemical synthesis or else cloned into a vector in order to be replicated in a transformed host cell. Another way of obtaining a polynucleotide according to the invention is to amplify a PPRE ⁇ sequence of interest by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) from a DNA preparation.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- the present invention is based on the particular interaction properties possessed by the sequence of formula (I) or complementary to (I) for the PPAR ⁇ complex, in particular physical binding properties. These properties, not previously described, make it possible to characterize a PPAR type transcription activity, and more particularly make it possible to discriminate a PPAR ⁇ type transcription activity with respect to PPAR ⁇ .
- a use according to the invention thus makes it possible to differentiate a PPAR ⁇ type transcription activity, in the presence of other types of transcriptional activity.
- a use according to the invention thus makes it possible to detect a PPAR ⁇ type transcription activity in a given biological medium. This also makes it possible to characterize new sequences of the PPRE type, which may have been identified, for example, in a genomic DNA preparation.
- a polynucleotide as described above can be used according to the invention as a hybridization probe, for example, for the purpose of detecting new PPRE sequences in a DNA preparation, containing in particular new PPRE ⁇ sequences.
- a polynucleotide as described above may be used according to the invention to diagnose genetic abnormalities that may be at the origin of metabolic diseases, in particular diseases related to a dysregulation of the expression of genes under PPAR control. , and more particularly diseases related to a change in the transcriptional activity of PPAR, such as hypertriglyceridemia, type II diabetes or lipodystrophies.
- a polynucleotide as defined above can be used to assay a PPAR transcription complex, preferably PPAR ⁇ , or one of its constituent elements, in a biological sample, using more particularly the adhesion properties encountered between said complex and the sequence of formula (I) or complementary to (I).
- the assay can be carried out as follows: 1) solid phase binding of a polynucleotide as defined in claim 1; 2) bringing into contact a sample in which PPAR ⁇ or a component of the PPAR ⁇ complex is to be quantified;
- solid supports such as microplates, magnetic beads or polystyrene, microparticles, chromatography gels.
- a preferred attachment technique is to fix the polynucleotides on a microplate using streptavidin / biotin binding.
- a polynucleotide as defined above can be used to identify a ligand capable of selectively activating or inhibiting the PPAR ⁇ transcription complex.
- the invention may consist, for example, in a method for demonstrating a physical interaction between transcription factors and a polynucleotide as described above.
- This method according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: 1) labeling of a usable polynucleotide according to the invention;
- the PPAR ⁇ protein can be labeled, as well as the molecules associated with it, in order to characterize PPRE-type sequences.
- the invention may then consist of a method for determining the specificity of a PPRE type nucleotide sequence, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- PPAR-RXR complex detection of molecular complexes formed around the labeled PPAR-RXR complex.
- the labeling of the polynucleotide, PPAR (or PPAR-associated proteins), for the purpose of detection, can be radioactive (32P, 33P %), immunoenzymatic (cold probes, etc.), chemical (Bromide ethidium %) or be carried out according to any other technique known to those skilled in the art. It is considered here that a compound is capable of interfering with the PPAR transcription activity when it binds to the sequence of formula (I) or complementary to (I) or when it binds to one of the elements constituents of the PPAR transcription complex.
- a preferred conventional method for evaluating complexes formed around PPAR is the technique of gel delay (EMSA: Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay) [Molecular Biology and Medicine, Kaplan JC and Delpech M, Ed Medicine-Sciences Flammarion ISBN: 2 -257-12488-X].
- ESA Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
- the delay gel technique consists in electrophoretically migrating the complexes formed or not between the transcription factors and the target DNA sequences so that they can be compared according to their electrophoretic distance on a gel.
- This technique is ideally used for polynucleotides of 15 to 80 nucleotides, preferably between 20 and 50 nucleotides.
- the presence of a unique PPRE ⁇ site and a micro environment minimizes the possible interference with other transcription factors.
- control polynucleotide in which the sequence of formula (I) or complementary to (I) has been mutated or has undergone a deletion.
- a control polynucleotide according to the invention may consist, for example, of the sequences SEQ ID No. 11, SEQ ID No. 12, SEQ ID No. 19 and SEQ ID No. 20.
- polynucleotides with a different specificity for the PPAR complex consisting, for example, of PPRE ⁇ or PPRE ⁇ / ⁇ type sequences.
- the transcription activation properties conferred by the sequence of formula (I) or complementary to (I) make it possible to evaluate the transcriptional activity of PPAR, more particularly of PPAR ⁇ , in the presence of certain compounds or mixtures of compounds.
- the invention may thus consist of a method for detecting, via a host cell, compounds capable of increasing or decreasing the transcriptional activity of PPAR ⁇ , consisting in placing a reporter gene under the control of one or more several PPRE sequences, in particular
- PPRE ⁇ and compare the expression profiles obtained in the presence of different compounds or mixtures of compounds. This technique makes it possible, for example, to test the incidence of a compound or a mixture of compounds on the PPAR interaction on said PPRE-type sequences.
- the invention may also consist in demonstrating compounds capable of increasing or decreasing the transcription activity of PPAR ⁇ using an expression system comprising a reporter gene.
- This method consists of the following steps: 1) transformation of a host cell with the aid of a polynucleotide that can be used according to the invention, comprising a PPRE ⁇ sequence and a reporter gene;
- step 2 2) culturing of the host cell obtained in step 1);
- step 2) contacting the host cell cultured in step 2) with the compound or the mixture of compounds to be tested; 4) detection of expression of the reporter gene.
- the reporter gene is placed under the control of PPAR ⁇ , but it is also possible to use a two-component system of GAL4 / UAR type in which the reporter gene is indirectly placed under the control of PPAR ⁇ .
- the expression of the reporter gene is detected according to the most suitable technique (enzymatic assay, protein quantification, immunoassay, etc.), depending on the nature of the product expressed.
- enzyme assay enzyme assay
- protein quantification protein quantification
- immunoassay immunoassay
- a control host cell can be transformed using a control polynucleotide as defined previously, incapable of interacting with PPAR, because the sequence of formula (I) has been mutated, or has undergone a deletion. It is then possible to compare the results obtained between the control host cell and the PPAR ⁇ -sensitive host cell.
- Such a method comprises the following steps:
- control polynucleotide as defined above, that is to say a polynucleotide that can be used according to the invention, in which the sequence of formula (I) or complementary of (I) has been mutated or deleted;
- a transcription activity in a heterologous manner by inserting a polynucleotide that can be used according to the invention at the level of the promoter of a gene in a vector or a transgenic organism. This insertion must make it possible to place the transcription of said gene. under the control of the PPAR ⁇ complex.
- the promoter sequence thus created then has the main characteristics of a PPRE ⁇ type sequence as defined above.
- polynucleotides corresponding to SEQ ID Nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are more preferably used for gel retardation methods or using a solid support and that the polynucleotides corresponding to SEQ ID No. 3, 4, 5 and 6 are used more preferably for the processes described above using a reporter gene.
- Another aspect of the invention consists of a kit using the interaction properties between the polynucleotides as described above and the PPAR complex, in particular PPAR ⁇ , which makes it possible, in particular, to characterize the interactions between PPRE-type polynucleotide sequences and the complexes. transcription type PPAR.
- a kit according to the invention uses at least one polynucleotide as defined in the invention, and optionally, one or more polynucleotide sequences of PPRE ⁇ and PPRE ⁇ / ⁇ type, thus making it possible to compare simultaneously the different types of polynucleotide. interactions that may exist between different types of PPRE and PPAR type sequences.
- the general principle of a kit according to the invention is to bring the abovementioned polynucleotides into contact with a purified protein preparation PPAR and RXR, and then to detect the complexes formed preferentially between said proteins and the polynucleotide sequences defined above.
- the polynucleotides are fixed on a support that can be, for the purposes of high throughput screening, in the form of wells, tubes or balls.
- At least one of the PPAR and RXR proteins or nucleotide sequence present in the kit may be labeled for the purposes of detecting the interaction complexes formed.
- reaction complex is meant the set formed by the PPAR transcription complex and the polynucleotide to which it is attached (PPAR + PPRE).
- a preferred variant of a kit according to the invention consists of a high-throughput screening kit making it possible to demonstrate the binding of a specific ligand of PPAR.
- the polynucleotides attached to a support and the PPAR-RXR proteins are brought into contact in the presence of a specific substrate labeled with the PPAR ⁇ , PPAR ⁇ or PPAR ⁇ / ⁇ complex.
- specific substrate is meant a natural or synthetic chemical molecule that is known to be a ligand of one or more members of the family PPAR.
- a test molecule preferably a potential ligand of PPAR
- a test molecule is introduced into the reaction medium. If this molecule is capable of acting as ligand of a particular form of PPAR, such as PPAR ⁇ , then displacement by the test molecule of the binding equilibrium existing between the labeled specific substrate and the PPAR proteins occurs. -RXR within the reaction medium. Quantification of the labeled molecule in the free or bound phase of the system reflects the degree of interaction of the test molecule with the PPAR / RXR complex.
- the PPAR activity can be determined, for example, in a protein extract extracted from the nucleus of a previously treated cell.
- the PPAR and RXR proteins are brought into contact with at least one polynucleotide, as previously described (PPAR or RXR being preferably labeled), under the conditions permitting the binding of PPAR-RXR to the polynucleotide sequences, more particularly a sequence of formula (I) or complementary to (I).
- Different dilutions of the nuclear protein extract to be tested are then incubated in the presence of the interaction complexes formed.
- the proteins contained in the extract are capable of binding to a PPRE-type nucleotide sequence, such as for example PPRE ⁇
- a PPRE-type nucleotide sequence such as for example PPRE ⁇
- the quantification of the free or bound labeling makes it possible to indicate whether the nuclear extract contains PPARs capable of binding to a particular PPRE sequence, such as PPRE ⁇ .
- a PPRE sequence is of PPRE ⁇ , PPRE ⁇ or PPRE ⁇ / ⁇ type.
- PPRE sequences of known specificity such as polynucleotides comprising a sequence of formula (I) or complementary to (I) are brought into contact with a pre-labeled preparation of PPAR-RXR proteins, so as to form PPRE / PPAR-complexes. RXR.
- the potential PPRE sequence whose specificity is to be tested is then added to the reaction medium.
- the principle is to put the PPRE sequence of unknown specificity in competition with the PPRE sequences of known specificity, in their binding with PPAR.
- the affinity of the PPAR-RXR proteins for the PPRE sequence tested in the medium is high, the initial binding equilibrium that appeared, for example, between the PPAR ⁇ complex and the PPRE ⁇ -type polynucleotides is modified. In this case, it is established that the PPRE sequence has a higher or equivalent affinity for PPAR ⁇ to the known PPRE ⁇ type sequence used.
- the labeling of one of the kit proteins makes it possible to detect the modifications within the interaction complexes.
- a kit according to the invention generally comprises at least: a preparation of at least one polynucleotide that can be used according to the invention, selectively binding PPAR ⁇ ; a preparation of the purified PPAR-RXR proteins of which at least one of the members is labeled; a means for detecting labeled molecular complexes
- any technical possibility making it possible to demonstrate a variation of the interactions between the polynucleotides used and the PPAR-RXR proteins and between the PPAR-RXR proteins and a ligand.
- This technical possibility passes, for example, by the supply in the kit of radioactively or chemically labeled molecules, substrates, reagents or enzymes to reveal the labeling of the molecules present in the interaction complexes, products allowing the separation physics of molecules such as electrophoresis gels, chromatography gels, magnetic beads or precipitation reagents.
- a kit according to the invention may further comprise a control polynucleotide as defined above in which the sequence of formula (I) is mutated or deleted, as well as sequences of PPRE ⁇ type or of type
- a kit according to the invention may further comprise a means for supporting the abovementioned polynucleotides, such as wells, wells, tubes or balls.
- a kit according to the invention may also comprise one or more specific substrates of the different isoforms of PPAR and / or RXR, and different specific or non-specific sequences of the different isoforms of PPAR.
- a polynucleotide as defined above can still be used for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a metabolic disease, more particularly a disease related to a modification of PPAR activity. such as hypertriglyceridemia and type II diabetes or lipodistrophies.
- a medicament may comprise, in particular, polynucleotides which can be used according to the invention as antisense DNA or in the form of siRNA (a so-called hairpin structure will then be recommended), having the effect of inhibiting the interaction of PPAR with the sequence of formula (I) or complementary to (I) or be used as a decoy for PPAR ⁇ .
- FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 1 :
- FIGURE 2 is a diagrammatic representation of FIGURE 1
- the method comprises transforming a host cell capable of expressing a reporter gene with a vector comprising said reporter gene placed under the control of a PPAR-dependent promoter (construction No. 2) or of a PPAR ⁇ -dependent promoter comprising a polynucleotide according to the invention (construction No. 1).
- a PPAR-dependent promoter construction No. 2
- a PPAR ⁇ -dependent promoter comprising a polynucleotide according to the invention
- FIGURE 3 is a diagrammatic representation of FIGURE 3
- PPRE ⁇ and PPRE consensus ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) was treated with WY-14643 at 200 ⁇ M. This promoter has been transferred to the PPRE ⁇ site (PPRE ⁇ mut) and / or the site
- PPREconsensus (PPREconsmut).
- the histogram shows the level of expression of the reporter gene in the different situations (and control C). This experiment shows that the ligand used is selective from PPAR ⁇ .
- FIGURE 4
- FIGURE 5
- FIGURE 6 is a diagrammatic representation of FIGURE 6
- the pRNH25c expression plasmid of the CAT reporter gene is under the control of the human CYP1A1 gene promoter was used. This construct was generously donated by Dr. Hines (Hines RN, Mathis JM and Jacob CS, 1988, Carcinogenesis, vol 9, pages 1599-1605).
- the promoter of the human CYP1A1 gene contains the sequence characterized as being specific for PPAR ⁇ comprising the sequence of formula (I) (PPRE ⁇ site).
- Mutations Ia sequence of formula (I) were performed at the same plasmid pRNH25c via a technique of site-directed mutagenesis to modify one or more bases (Kit Quickchange Site-Directed Mutagenesis Stratagene ®) and modify PPRE ⁇ sites and PPRE ⁇ / ⁇ (common to the different PPAR members) present on the CYP1A1 promoter.
- the protocol used is that recommended by the kit designer:
- the primers used for the mutation of the PPRE ⁇ site are as follows:
- PPRE ⁇ mut-sens ⁇ 'GGCCTTCCGGCCCCGTGAATTCAGGGCTGGGGTCGCAGCS '(SEQ ID N 0 H)
- Mutant-antisense PPRE ⁇ 5'GCTGCGACCCCAGCCCTGAAJTCACGGGGCCGGMGGCCS '(SEQ ID NO: 12)
- the primers used for the mutation of the PPRE ⁇ / ⁇ site are as follows:
- PPRE ⁇ / y mut-sense ⁇ 'GGACGGGCCGCCTGACCTCGATCCCCTAGAGGGATGTCGS '(SEQ ID NO: 13)
- Mutant-antisense PPRE ⁇ fy ⁇ 'CGACATCCCTCTAGGGGATCGAGGTCAGGCGGCCCGTCCS '(SEQ ID No. 14)
- the bold and underlined bases correspond to the mutated bases.
- the PPRE ⁇ site was transferred to obtain the "PPRE ⁇ / ⁇ + PPRE ⁇ mut" construct.
- the PCR product (50 ⁇ l) is then subjected to enzymatic digestion mediated by 1 ⁇ l of Dpn I (10 units / ⁇ l).
- Dpn I endonuclease is specific for methylated and hemi-methylated DNA.
- this enzyme will digest the parental matrix with respect to the neo-synthesized DNA by PCR (unmethylated DNA).
- the digestion performed, the neo-synthesized DNA is ligated using the enzyme T4 DNA ligase according to the following protocol:
- the mutated plasmid thus obtained is used to transform Epicurial CoIi XL1-Blue Supercompetent CeIIs bacteria provided in the kit.
- a clone is selected and amplified in 2 ml of NZY + culture medium containing 50 ⁇ g / ml of ampicillin.
- the preparation of the mutated plasmid DNA was performed using the NucleoBond® PC Kit (Macherey Nagel), according to the supplier's recommendations.
- PPRE ⁇ / ⁇ + PPRE ⁇ mut and “PPRE ⁇ / ⁇ mut + PPRE ⁇ mut” are cultured at 37 ° C. for 18 h with shaking (225 to 250 rpm) in 150 ml of NZY + containing 50 ⁇ g / ml of ampicillin.
- the plasmid DNAs are then extracted using the NucleoBond® PC 500 kit (Macherey Nagel) following the manufacturer's "High Copy” protocol.
- the CaCo-2 human colonic adenocarcinoma line was seeded in 6-well dishes and grown in DMEM medium, 15% fetal calf serum, 2 mM L-glutamine, 1% amino acids non-essential (MEM 100X MEM solution from Life Technologies), 100 IU / ml penicillin and 100 ⁇ g / ml streptomycin; in an atmosphere containing 9% CO 2 .
- the cells were treated for 48 h with 200 ⁇ M of WY-14643 (PPAR ⁇ -specific agonist) in a medium lacking fetal calf serum (since the fetal calf serum contains ligands of PPAR ⁇ ).
- WY-14643 PPAR ⁇ -specific agonist
- the cells were then rinsed three times with PBS and the CAT protein level was determined using the CAT-Elisa System® Kit (Roche Diagnostics) according to the supplier's recommendations.
- the PPAR ⁇ , PPAR ⁇ and RXR ⁇ proteins were obtained by an in vitro transcription / translation system (TNT® T7 Coupled Reticulocyte Lysate System, Promega). Briefly, 40 ⁇ l of TNT T7 quick master mix, 1 ⁇ l of 1 mM methionine, 1 ⁇ g of plasmid (plasmid expressing PPAR ⁇ or PPAR ⁇ or RXR ⁇ cDNA) and water qs 50 ⁇ l were incubated. for 60 minutes at 30 ° C.
- PPRE Consensus F ⁇ 'CCGCCAAGCTTGCTCCGCCAGGTCACAGGTCACTAGS '(SEQ ID NO : 15)
- PPRE ⁇ probe PPRE ⁇ -F: ⁇ 'GGCCTTCCGGCCCCGTGACCTCAGGGCTGGGGTCGCAGCS '
- PPRE ⁇ -R 5 'GCTGCGACCCCAGCCCTGAGGTCACGGGGCCGGAAGGCCS' (SEQ ID NO: 18)
- PPRE ⁇ mule-F 5'GGCCTTCCGGCCCCGTGAATrCAGGGCTGGGGTCGCAGC3 '(SEQ ID NO : 19)
- PPRE ⁇ mutated-R ⁇ 'GCTCGACCCCAGCCCTGAATTCACGGGGCCGGMGGCCS' (SEQ ID NO: 20)
- PPRE ⁇ / ⁇ -F ⁇ 'GGACGGGCCGCCTGACCTCTGCCCCCTAGAGGGATGTCGS '(SEQ ID NO: 21)
- PPRE ⁇ fy-R 5'CGACATCCCTCTAGG ⁇ GAGAGGT ⁇ AGGCGGCCCGTCC3' (SEQ ID NO: 22)
- PPRE ⁇ / ymufé-F ⁇ 'GGACGGGCCGCCTGACCTCGATCCCCTAGAGGGATGTCGS '(SEQ ID NO: 23)
- PPRE ⁇ / Vmufé-R ⁇ 'CGACATCCCTCTAGGGGATCGAGGTCAGGCGGCCCGTCCS' (SEQ ID NO: 24)
- the oligonucleotides F and R were hybridized in the following manner: regenerate the oligonucleotides in water at a concentration of 1 ⁇ g / ml; in a tube, add 5 ⁇ l of oligonucleotide F, 5 ⁇ l of oligonucleotide R, 5 ⁇ l of hybridization buffer 1OX (0.5M Tris pH 8.0, MgCl 2 100 mM) and 35 ⁇ l of water; heat for 5 minutes at 100 0 C then allow to come down to room temperature.
- 1OX 0.5M Tris pH 8.0, MgCl 2 100 mM
- the double-stranded DNA probes are labeled with P 32 using T4 polynucleotide kinase (Invitrogen) as follows: in a tube add 1 ⁇ l of double-stranded DNA probe, 2 ⁇ l of forward buffer 1.5 ⁇ l of P 32 ATP (3000 Ci / mM, 10 mCi / ml), 4.5 ⁇ l of water and 1 ⁇ l of T4 polynucleotide kinase incubate at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes and add to the mixture 40 ⁇ l of water and 2 ⁇ l of water.
- EDTA 0.5 M Purify the ProbeQuant G-50 micro column probes (Amersham Biosciences) according to the supplier's recommendations dilute the probe solution to obtain 50000 cpm / ⁇ l
- the mixture was subjected to a vertical gel electrophoresis of 4% polyacrylamide (# 20 cm long gels) using a 45 mM Tris Base buffer containing 45 mM boric acid as a migration buffer. 1 mM EDTA. After separation, the gel was dried and autoradiography was performed by exposing the dried gel to a Kodak X-AR film.
- the autoradiographic cliché makes it possible to visualize the different positions occupied by the PPAR complexes on the electrophoresis gel as illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 6. Depending on the migration position, it is possible to deduce whether the interaction between the PPRE and PPAR ⁇ sequence is, under the given conditions, nonspecific (NS) or specific (Shift or Super Shift when a selective antibody is used).
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0413423A FR2879623B1 (fr) | 2004-12-16 | 2004-12-16 | Utilisation de sequences nucleotidiques interagissant preferentiellement avec le complexe de transcription pparalpha |
| FR0413423 | 2004-12-16 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006064115A1 true WO2006064115A1 (fr) | 2006-06-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2005/003099 Ceased WO2006064115A1 (fr) | 2004-12-16 | 2005-12-12 | UTILISATION DE SEQUENCES NUCLEOTIDIQUES INTERAGISSΑΝΤ PREFERENTIELLEMENT AVEC LE COMPLEXE DE TRANSCRIPTION PPAR α |
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| Country | Link |
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| FR (1) | FR2879623B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2006064115A1 (fr) |
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- 2004-12-16 FR FR0413423A patent/FR2879623B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| FLAVELL D M ET AL: "Variation in the PPARalpha gene is associated with altered function in vitro and plasma lipid concentrations in Type II diabetic subjects", DIABETOLOGIA, BERLIN, DE, vol. 43, no. 5, May 2000 (2000-05-01), pages 673 - 680, XP002187936, ISSN: 0012-186X * |
| HINES R N ET AL: "Identification of multiple regulatory elements on the human cytochrome P450IA1 gene.", CARCINOGENESIS. SEP 1988, vol. 9, no. 9, September 1988 (1988-09-01), pages 1599 - 1605, XP009050633, ISSN: 0143-3334 * |
| KERSTEN SANDER ET AL: "Roles of PPARs in health and disease", NATURE (LONDON), vol. 405, no. 6785, 25 May 2000 (2000-05-25), pages 421 - 424, XP002336385, ISSN: 0028-0836 * |
| SEREE E ET AL: "Evidence for a new human CYP1A1 regulation pathway involving PPAR-alpha and 2 PPRE sites", GASTROENTEROLOGY, vol. 127, no. 5, November 2004 (2004-11-01), pages 1436 - 1445, XP002336384, ISSN: 0016-5085 * |
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| FR2879623A1 (fr) | 2006-06-23 |
| FR2879623B1 (fr) | 2007-02-16 |
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