WO2006054943A1 - A system and a method for simulation of acoustic feedback - Google Patents
A system and a method for simulation of acoustic feedback Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006054943A1 WO2006054943A1 PCT/SE2005/001722 SE2005001722W WO2006054943A1 WO 2006054943 A1 WO2006054943 A1 WO 2006054943A1 SE 2005001722 W SE2005001722 W SE 2005001722W WO 2006054943 A1 WO2006054943 A1 WO 2006054943A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- model
- feedback
- string
- amplifier
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010039740 Screaming Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008713 feedback mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010255 response to auditory stimulus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
- G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
- G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
- G10H3/18—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means using a string, e.g. electric guitar
- G10H3/186—Means for processing the signal picked up from the strings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
- G10H1/06—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour
- G10H1/12—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour by filtering complex waveforms
- G10H1/125—Circuits for establishing the harmonic content of tones, or other arrangements for changing the tone colour by filtering complex waveforms using a digital filter
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
- G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
- G10H3/24—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument incorporating feedback means, e.g. acoustic
- G10H3/26—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument incorporating feedback means, e.g. acoustic using electric feedback
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H5/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by means of electronic generators
- G10H5/007—Real-time simulation of G10B, G10C, G10D-type instruments using recursive or non-linear techniques, e.g. waveguide networks, recursive algorithms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2250/00—Aspects of algorithms or signal processing methods without intrinsic musical character, yet specifically adapted for or used in electrophonic musical processing
- G10H2250/471—General musical sound synthesis principles, i.e. sound category-independent synthesis methods
- G10H2250/511—Physical modelling or real-time simulation of the acoustomechanical behaviour of acoustic musical instruments using, e.g. waveguides or looped delay lines
- G10H2250/521—Closed loop models therefor, e.g. with filter and delay line
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2250/00—Aspects of algorithms or signal processing methods without intrinsic musical character, yet specifically adapted for or used in electrophonic musical processing
- G10H2250/471—General musical sound synthesis principles, i.e. sound category-independent synthesis methods
- G10H2250/511—Physical modelling or real-time simulation of the acoustomechanical behaviour of acoustic musical instruments using, e.g. waveguides or looped delay lines
- G10H2250/531—Room models, i.e. acoustic physical modelling of a room, e.g. concert hall
Definitions
- the present innovation relates in general to a system for simulation of acoustic feedback and more specifically to the feedback from an amplifier and speaker to string instruments such as guitars.
- Jimi Hendrix is probably the one who has meant the most for spreading appreciation of screaming guitar amplifiers, which is nowadays an effect used by all guitarists, from amateurs to professionals.
- the feedback effect is physically achieved when the sound from the speakers stimulates the guitar string through the room's acoustic response, which in turn affects the speaker and so forth.
- FIG. 1 illustrates this feedback. Consequently, a rather high volume and short distance between guitar and speaker is needed for that to take place. This so called feedback can only be stopped by reducing the amplification to the speaker, or increasing the distance between speaker and guitar.
- US6681661 dynamically modifies the opening to the string instrument's cavity.
- US5449858 includes a coil device which is attached to the hand of the player, af ⁇ fecting the sound and feedback.
- the invention aims at simulating the feedback without modifying the string instrument and without using extra sensors or actuators that affect or monitor the string instrument.
- the physical feedback loop in FIG. 1 is simulated with a structure according to FIG. 2.
- An apparatus that is based on this simulation is intended to be connected between the output of the guitar's microphone and the pre-amplifier, for instance in a pedal product.
- a non-linear amplifier model (204) must be used in order to get self oscil ⁇ lations in the computed signal.
- the theory of describing functions, D. Atherton Nonlinear Control Engineering, implies that a static non-linearity in a feedback system where all other parts are linear may cause a stable oscillation. This is the effect desired in this appli ⁇ cation.
- a linear model (206) of the room acoustics can be used, where a volume control (208) simulates the distance between guitar and amplifier.
- the most central part in the feedback loop is the string dynamics. This is preferably implemented as a band-pass fil- ter (210) which preserves out one or more harmonics (212) of the string's fundamental frequency.
- an algorithm (214) to estimate it is needed.
- the string dynamics is feeding back (202) a number of harmonics to the incoming guitar microphone signal, which are in phase with the signal itself.
- FIG. 1 shows a block diagram for the real sound flow during feedback.
- the string instru ⁇ ment (102) produces a sound that is caught by a microphone (104) whose signal is sent to an externally connected amplifier and speaker (106).
- the sound waves are modified on their way back to the string instrument by the room acoustics (108) and the string's dynamical response to sound waves (110).
- FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of simulated sound flow during feedback.
- H is the acoustic -feedback-path
- G the-dynamics-of the-string and-rnicrophone.
- FIG. 3 shows a flow chart with one implementation of the simulation algorithm.
- the invention comprises a method and a realization of that method, which may be realized in hardware, software or a combination thereof.
- the most feasible realization of the inven ⁇ tion is likely to be in the shape of a computer program product, preferably comprising a data carrier provided with program code or other means devised to control or direct a data processing apparatus to perform the method steps and functions in accordance with the description.
- a data processing apparatus running the invented method typically includes a central processing unit (CPU), data storage means and an I/O-interface for signals or parameter values.
- the invention may also be realized as specifically designed hardware and software in an apparatus or a system comprising mechanisms and functional stages or other means carrying out the method steps and functions in accordance with the descrip ⁇ tion.
- the description of the signal e starts after the summation point (202).
- the central property of the amplifier model is that it is non-linear.
- One embodiment of the invention may use
- H(z) ae-* ⁇ , (2) where a denotes the attenuation and T the time delay. It is suitable to let the user affect the attenuation with a volume control (208). More advanced acoustic models can be con ⁇ structed utilizing real measurements from a stage, studio or other places with recognized good dynamics, by using system identification of H ⁇ z), see L. Ljung, System identifica- tion, Theory for the user (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, second edition, 1999) and T. S ⁇ derstr ⁇ m and P. Stoica, System identification (Prentice Hall, New York, 1989).
- the string dynamics is perhaps the most critical part of the feedback loop.
- a string under tension has-a-number-of ⁇ resonance modes7 that-corres ⁇ ond-to a ⁇ fundamental " frequency and its harmonics. Since the physical string is to initiate the simulated self oscillation, the digital sampled signal in (200) can be used to estimate the fundamental frequency and harmonics, which will be described in the section on frequency estimation below.
- the fundamental fre ⁇ quency and harmonics The theory for describing functions mentioned above only says that the signal rf * that is transmitted will be periodic, and the analysis shows which sinu ⁇ soid frequency will dominate the signal sent to the amplifier. For this reason, it is more or less unpredictable which harmonic will survive.
- one embodiment of the invention contains a general band-pass filter G(z) that only lets one or a subset of the har ⁇ monics (including the fundamental) pass.
- the band-pass filter G(z) (210) can be realized in many different ways, see F. Gustafsson, L. Ljung, and M. Millnert, S ⁇ gnalbehandling (Studentlitteratur, 2000).
- the invention contains a database of which harmonics will pass the band-pass filter for different fundamental frequencies. The algorithm for determining the fundamental frequency is described in the next section.
- DFT discrete Fourier transform
- the frequency estimation is to be made adaptively, which can be done with one of the following principles:
- the frequency estimation is preferably done in two steps. First, a rough esti ⁇ mate is done that physically corresponds to a played tone, and secondly, a finer estimate that tracks the vibratos and minor time-variations of the tone. Detection and rough esti ⁇ mation is done on larger batches or with a slower adaptive filter, while the fine estimate is done based on shorter batches or with a faster adaptive filter in order to better track fast but small variations in frequency.
- HG. 3 shows a flow chart for one embodiment of the invention.
- a recursive loop with the following steps is started: 1. AD conversion and buffering (306), where a batch of digital signal samples from the string instrument is stored.
- Filtering (314) of the digital signal according to the operations described above, containing amplifier model, room acoustic model and a band-pass filter. 6.
- a feedback mechanism (318) that adds the computed filtered signal to the BUFFER.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Tone Control, Compression And Expansion, Limiting Amplitude (AREA)
- Control Of Amplification And Gain Control (AREA)
- Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/667,360 US7572972B2 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2005-11-16 | System and method for simulation of acoustic feedback |
EP05804679.8A EP1815459B1 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2005-11-16 | A system and a method for simulation of acoustic feedback |
JP2007542972A JP2008521053A (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2005-11-16 | Acoustic feedback simulation system and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE0402813-0 | 2004-11-17 | ||
SE0402813A SE526523C2 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2004-11-17 | A system and method for simulation of acoustic circuits |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006054943A1 true WO2006054943A1 (en) | 2006-05-26 |
Family
ID=33516473
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE2005/001722 WO2006054943A1 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2005-11-16 | A system and a method for simulation of acoustic feedback |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7572972B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1815459B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008521053A (en) |
SE (1) | SE526523C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006054943A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2878030B1 (en) * | 2004-11-18 | 2007-04-27 | Renault Sas | DEVICE FOR FILTERING A PRESSURE MEASUREMENT SIGNAL |
FI20051294A0 (en) * | 2005-12-19 | 2005-12-19 | Noveltech Solutions Oy | signal processing |
EP2529369B1 (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2019-12-04 | Circular Logic, LLC | Learning and auditory scene analysis in multi-phase nonlinear oscillator networks |
US20110191113A1 (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2011-08-04 | Circular Logic, LLC | Method and apparatus for canonical nonlinear analysis of audio signals |
US9602927B2 (en) * | 2012-02-13 | 2017-03-21 | Conexant Systems, Inc. | Speaker and room virtualization using headphones |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US485244A (en) | 1892-11-01 | Method of and apparatus for charging soda-water | ||
US4697491A (en) | 1986-06-17 | 1987-10-06 | Maloney Terrance R | Electric feedback guitar |
US4941388A (en) | 1989-05-12 | 1990-07-17 | Hoover Alan A | String vibration sustaining device |
DE4101690A1 (en) | 1991-01-22 | 1992-07-23 | Hubertus Dipl Ing Hein | Sustainer device for electric guitar or bass - has pick=up coil for detecting string oscillation, and coil for exciting string to oscillate using amplified signal from pick=up |
US5233123A (en) | 1988-05-27 | 1993-08-03 | Rose Floyd D | Musical instruments equipped with sustainers |
US5449858A (en) | 1993-12-30 | 1995-09-12 | Edward E. Haddock, Jr. | Guitar feedback device and method |
US6350943B1 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2002-02-26 | Korg, Inc. | Electric instrument amplifier |
DE10129937A1 (en) * | 2001-06-19 | 2003-01-23 | Fritz Golz | System for improving sound volume of music instrument amplifier combos, uses electret microphone spaced from PA loudspeaker |
US6681661B2 (en) | 2002-03-05 | 2004-01-27 | Lalonde Anthony F. | Detachable and adjustable sound and feedback control device for stringed musical instruments having a hollow body with a sound hole |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0774955B2 (en) * | 1989-07-27 | 1995-08-09 | ヤマハ株式会社 | Music synthesizer |
JPH0774958B2 (en) * | 1990-06-01 | 1995-08-09 | ヤマハ株式会社 | Music synthesizer |
US5587548A (en) * | 1993-07-13 | 1996-12-24 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Musical tone synthesis system having shortened excitation table |
US6740803B2 (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2004-05-25 | Line 6, Inc | Computing device to allow for the selection and display of a multimedia presentation of an audio file and to allow a user to play a musical instrument in conjunction with the multimedia presentation |
US7030311B2 (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2006-04-18 | Line 6, Inc | System and method for delivering a multimedia presentation to a user and to allow the user to play a musical instrument in conjunction with the multimedia presentation |
-
2004
- 2004-11-17 SE SE0402813A patent/SE526523C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-11-16 WO PCT/SE2005/001722 patent/WO2006054943A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-11-16 EP EP05804679.8A patent/EP1815459B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-11-16 US US11/667,360 patent/US7572972B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-16 JP JP2007542972A patent/JP2008521053A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US485244A (en) | 1892-11-01 | Method of and apparatus for charging soda-water | ||
US4697491A (en) | 1986-06-17 | 1987-10-06 | Maloney Terrance R | Electric feedback guitar |
US5233123A (en) | 1988-05-27 | 1993-08-03 | Rose Floyd D | Musical instruments equipped with sustainers |
US4941388A (en) | 1989-05-12 | 1990-07-17 | Hoover Alan A | String vibration sustaining device |
DE4101690A1 (en) | 1991-01-22 | 1992-07-23 | Hubertus Dipl Ing Hein | Sustainer device for electric guitar or bass - has pick=up coil for detecting string oscillation, and coil for exciting string to oscillate using amplified signal from pick=up |
US5449858A (en) | 1993-12-30 | 1995-09-12 | Edward E. Haddock, Jr. | Guitar feedback device and method |
US6350943B1 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2002-02-26 | Korg, Inc. | Electric instrument amplifier |
DE10129937A1 (en) * | 2001-06-19 | 2003-01-23 | Fritz Golz | System for improving sound volume of music instrument amplifier combos, uses electret microphone spaced from PA loudspeaker |
US6681661B2 (en) | 2002-03-05 | 2004-01-27 | Lalonde Anthony F. | Detachable and adjustable sound and feedback control device for stringed musical instruments having a hollow body with a sound hole |
Non-Patent Citations (10)
Title |
---|
D. ATHERTON, NONLINEAR CONTROL ENGINEERING |
L, LJUNG; T. GLAD: "System identification, Theory for the user", 1999, PRENTICE HALL, article "Modeling of dynamic systems" |
L. LJUNG: "System identification, Theory for the user, second edition", 1999, PRENTICE HALL |
See also references of EP1815459A4 |
SULLIVAN ET AL.: "Extending the Karplus-Strong algorithm to synthesize electric guitar timbres with distortion and feedback", COMPUTER MUSIC JOURNAL, vol. 14, no. 3, 1 January 1990 (1990-01-01), pages 26 - 37 |
T. GLAD; L. LJUNG, REGLERTEKNIK, GRUNDLDGGANDE TEORI, 1989 |
T. GLAD; L. LJUNG, REGLERTEORI, FLERVARIABLA OCH OLINJDRA METODER, 1997 |
T. SODERSTROM; P. STOICA: "System identification", 1989, PRENTICE HALL |
T. SÖDERSTRÖM; P. STOICA: "System identification", 1989, PRENTICE HALL |
T.GJAD; L.LJUNG: "Reglerteknik, grundldggande teori", 1989 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2008521053A (en) | 2008-06-19 |
SE0402813L (en) | 2005-10-04 |
US7572972B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 |
SE0402813D0 (en) | 2004-11-17 |
SE526523C2 (en) | 2005-10-04 |
EP1815459B1 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
EP1815459A4 (en) | 2011-03-30 |
EP1815459A1 (en) | 2007-08-08 |
US20080091393A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
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