WO2006051083A1 - Method and system for authenticating a requester without providing a key - Google Patents
Method and system for authenticating a requester without providing a key Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006051083A1 WO2006051083A1 PCT/EP2005/055863 EP2005055863W WO2006051083A1 WO 2006051083 A1 WO2006051083 A1 WO 2006051083A1 EP 2005055863 W EP2005055863 W EP 2005055863W WO 2006051083 A1 WO2006051083 A1 WO 2006051083A1
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- Prior art keywords
- node
- client node
- client
- requesting entity
- supervisor
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/06—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for supporting key management in a packet data network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1097—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for distributed storage of data in networks, e.g. transport arrangements for network file system [NFS], storage area networks [SAN] or network attached storage [NAS]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2221/00—Indexing scheme relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F2221/21—Indexing scheme relating to G06F21/00 and subgroups addressing additional information or applications relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F2221/2105—Dual mode as a secondary aspect
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2221/00—Indexing scheme relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F2221/21—Indexing scheme relating to G06F21/00 and subgroups addressing additional information or applications relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F2221/2129—Authenticate client device independently of the user
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
- H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
- H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
- H04L69/329—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the application layer [OSI layer 7]
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to managing resources within a communications environment, and, more particularly, to a method and system for authenticating a requester without providing a key.
- a communications environment includes a plurality of client nodes coupled to one or more nodes via a communications medium.
- a communications medium is the InfiniBandTM transport, which is described in further detail in "InfiniBand Architecture Specification Volume 1," Release 1.2, October, 2004, available from the InfiniBand Trade Association at 5440 SW Westgate Drive, Suite 217, Portland, Oregon, 97221, or online at www.Infinibandta.org, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. InfiniBand is a trademark of the InfiniBand Trade Association.
- the InfiniBand transport enables a set of interconnected client and server nodes, referred to as a subnet, to communicate with one another. It also provides a partitioning scheme that allows a subnet to be logically subdivided into sets of nodes, referred to as partitions.
- a partition includes one or more client nodes, as well as one or more server nodes.
- a node, such as a server node, can be included in more than one partition. The members of a partition communicate with one another, but are unaware of any other partition.
- resource provider nodes that may be shared by various client nodes are partitioned by a network administrator such that each client node is allowed to use all of the resources at the shared node.
- a node e.g., a server node
- all of the resources of that node are accessible by all of the partitions that include that node.
- a resource provider node receives a request from a client node, it provides access to all of the resources that the client node is allowed to use regardless of the application within the client node from which the request came.
- a 64-bit or an arbitrarily long binary key is entered at the provider node (e.g., a storage device), and then again at the client node (e.g., a host operating system) .
- the provider node e.g., a storage device
- the client node e.g., a host operating system
- this authentication approach can be time consuming, as well as error prone.
- the method includes determining a client identification of a client node associated with the requesting entity, and determining whether the requesting entity associated with the client node is acting in a supervisor capacity.
- a key to the requesting entity is returned from a provider node upon determining that the client identification of the client node indicates that the client node is permitted to access one or more resources of the provider node, and that the client node is acting in a supervisor capacity.
- a system for authenticating a requesting entity in a communications environment includes a means for determining a client identification of a client node associated with the requesting entity, and a means for determining whether the requesting entity associated with the client node is acting in a supervisor capacity.
- a resource provider node is configured to return a key to the requesting entity upon a determination that the client identification of the client node indicates that the client node is permitted to access one or more resources of the provider node, and that the client node is acting in a supervisor capacity.
- a storage medium includes a machine readable computer program code for authenticating a requesting entity in a communications environment, and instructions for causing a computer to implement a method.
- the method includes determining a client identification of a client node associated with the requesting entity, and determining whether the requesting entity associated with the client node is acting in a supervisor capacity.
- a key to the requesting entity is returned from a resource provider node upon determining that the client identification of the client node indicates that the client node is permitted to access one or more resources of the provider node, and that the client node is acting in a supervisor capacity.
- Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary communications environment (e.g., subnet) suitable for use in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram that illustrates an exemplary implementation of determining a requesting entity is running in supervisor (or hypervisor) mode or has supervisor or hypervisor privileges for the communications environment of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the configuration of the resource provider node with a table containing the GUIDs of each client node, and a table containing the corresponding resources authorized to be used;
- Figure 4 is an exemplary computing system in which the supervisor partitioning scheme may be implemented.
- Disclosed herein is a method and system for authenticating a requester in an environment in which a client is allowed to request a set of keys that will provide access to resources within a communications medium such as InfiniBand.
- a client identification For example, in InfiniBand, the client ID is a globally unique identifier (GUID) , typically associated with a unique piece of hardware.
- GUID globally unique identifier
- the embodiments presented herein describe a methodology that is used to determine the physical node from which a request was sent, and to which keys may be returned.
- the methodology may be applicable to resource provider nodes that have the ability to provide a different set of services, resources or private data to each client node that makes a request to the resource provider node. It may also be used in any situation in which it is necessary to determine the identification of a remote node that sends a packet containing the remote node's source local ID (SLID) without the possibility of being spoofed.
- SID source local ID
- the present methodology eliminates the need to manually query the Network Administrator to determine the set of keys needed for the client node to access resources within the resource provider node. These keys are provided to both the requesting node and the resource provider during configuration, and a key is included within request packets to the resource provider.
- the resource providers use the key provided in the clients' request to uniquely identify a client node, and thereby identify the resources that the requesting client is allowed to use.
- An exemplary size of the key is 128 bits, although it may be made as long or short as needed in order to ensure that it is unguessable.
- the invention embodiments described herein provide a method of securely passing private data to a requester, without the need to configure both ends of the exchange with an arbitrarily long binary key, or other type of password, which is both time consuming and error prone.
- FIG. 1 there is shown a schematic block diagram of an exemplary communications environment 100 (e.g., subnet) suitable for use in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- exemplary communications environment 100 e.g., subnet
- the methodology discussed herein may be used in any situation that requires the identification of the client node from which a packet (request) is received, it is particularly suitable when a request for information is received by a resource provider whose resources have been partitioned in accordance with the manner disclosed in Attorney Docket Number POU9-2004-0157US1, filed concurrently herewith.
- the request contains a header that includes the SLID of the requester and a payload describing the request.
- the SLID is generated by trusted hardware, it is only a temporary identifier.
- the resource provider In order to determine actual node from which the request came, the resource provider first determines the permanent identifier associated with the physical node of the requester, referred to as the globally unique identifier (GUID) of the requester.
- GUID globally unique identifier
- the IB Service or resource provider determines the GUID of the requesting node by sending a new request to the Subnet Administrator (SA) . Since the SA is aware of all assignment of SLIDs to physical nodes, it will respond with the set of GUIDs corresponding to any given SLID.
- SA Subnet Administrator
- the request which contains the SLID of the client node, requests the SA to return the GUID corresponding to the SLID sent in the request.
- the SA returns the GUID (or GUIDs) of the node to which the SLID is currently assigned.
- the resource provider can determine if the requesting client is allowed to access the resource. If the resource is allowed to be used by the node identified by the GUID returned from the SA, then the server node will allow the use of the resource by the requesting node.
- the exemplary configuration includes a subnet administrator (SA) 102, a network administrator 104, individual client nodes 106 (labeled Client Physical Node A - E) , and a shared resource provider node 108. All of the nodes are interconnected by the IB Subnet 110.
- the network administrator 104 configures the resource provider 108 with a table 112 containing the node GUIDs of each client node, as well as the corresponding resources 114 allowed to be accessed or used by the nodes.
- nodes A and C are permitted to access a single resource (out of the group of resources 114), nodes B and D are permitted to access two of the resources, while node E is permitted to access three resources by associating each resource to a GUID.
- the resource (s) associated with that GUID may be supervisor or resource keys (as further described in Attorney Docket Number POU9-2004-0157US1) .
- a client node e.g., Client Physical Node A
- a request 116 in which the request packet header contains the SLID of the requester.
- the resource provider 108 determines requester's GUID by sending a query 118 to the SA 102 containing the requester's SLID.
- the SA 102 sends a response 120 with the GUID(s) associated with the requester's SLID.
- the resource provider 108 could also construct and maintain a table 121 of client SLIDs and their corresponding GUIDs that the resource provider had previously determined.
- the resource provider 108 queries the SA 102 to determine the GUID corresponding to a SLID from a request packet, it then adds this information to a table of SLID to GUID mappings .
- the resource provider 108 determines the corresponding GUID from its local table 121, thus removing the need to query the SA.
- the resource provider 108 would need the capability of recognizing any change in the SLID of any of its clients. Because it is not always possible to guarantee this capability, the use of resource provider 108 to maintain SLID to GUID information is preferably not implemented unless the change capability can be guaranteed.
- the resource provider 108 may then determine the resources/private data the requester is authorized to use, and return such resources/private data via response 122.
- nodes exchange Q_Keys during communication establishment. The receipt of a packet with a different Q_Key than the one the node provided to the remote queue pair means that packet is not valid and is thus rejected.
- Q_Keys there are two general types of Q_Keys in the IB architecture, privileged and non-privileged.
- Q_Keys with the most significant bit set are privileged Q_Keys whose use is controlled by the operating system.
- the principal distinction between privileged and non-privileged Q_Keys is that non-privileged Q_Keys may be attached to messages by user-mode programs by several means.
- the InfiniBand architecture requires that only code running in privileged state (i.e., a supervisor) can cause privileged Q_Keys to be attached to messages. This is enforced by making the operation of associating a Q_Key with a Queue Pair be a privileged operation, when and only when the Q_Key so associated is a privileged Q_Key.
- any message sent from the Queue Pair will have that Q_Key attached (unless overridden on for a specific message with a non-privileged Q_Key) .
- There is no other way to attach a privileged Q_Key to a message thus if a message contains a privileged Q_Key, it is guaranteed that either: (a) the supervisor sent the message, or (b) the supervisor allowed the message to be sent by setting a Queue Pair' s Q_Key to a privileged Q_Key, and then allowed user-mode code to use that Queue Pair.
- WKPQ_Key Weil-Known Privileged _Key
- IB managers, agents and services currently establish connections by sending a connection request containing the WKPQ_Key value, which is documented in the IB specifications.
- WKPQ_Key the Weil-Known Privileged _Key
- IB managers, agents and services currently establish connections by sending a connection request containing the WKPQ_Key value, which is documented in the IB specifications.
- the usage of the WKPQ_Key is not restricted to the supervisor, since the IB managers, agents, and services running in either supervisor or application state may also be allowed to use it. These are an instance, as discussed above, of the supervisor setting a Queue Pair's Q_Key to a privileged value, and then allowing the user mode code to use that Queue Pair.
- a connection request containing the current WKPQ_Key is inadequate to authenticate that the connection request came from a supervisor. Therefore, to address this identification issue, a new privileged Q_Key is defined, and referred to herein as a Supervisor-Only Privileged QKey (SOPQ_Key) .
- SOPQ_Key Supervisor-Only Privileged QKey
- the use of this SOPQ_Key value in a connection request is permitted only by supervisors or their trusted agents and, as such, the establishment of a connection using the SOPQ_Key affirmatively indicates that the connection is being made by the supervisor of the node that sent the request. This correspondingly enables the receiver of the connection request to determine that the request came from a supervisor by verifying that the connection request contains the SOPQ_Key value. If the request does not contain the SOPQ_Key value, the connection request recipient will refuse the connection, and, consequently refuse to provide any private information.
- the supervisor on the requesting node restricts the use of the Queue Pairs using the SOPQ_Key to the supervisor itself and its trusted agents, client applications residing on the same node as the supervisor cannot send connection requests containing the SOPQ_Key.
- the supervisor can so restrict this use because the SOPQ_Key is a privileged Q_Key, and therefore, as explained above, only the supervisor can associate the SOPQ_Key with a Queue Pair. This process enables a node that receives a connection request containing the SOPQ_Key to be certain that the request came did in fact come from a supervisor, and that requests for privileged resources may be accepted on the connection.
- ID and supervisor verification protocols lies in the distribution of private information such as supervisor and resource keys.
- a supervisor or resource key is a sequence of digits arbitrarily long enough to be unguessable.
- Each resource on the IB fabric that can be shared by multiple nodes may be associated with a set of one or more resource keys, wherein each resource key corresponds to resource (s) that a given node is permitted to access or consume.
- the supervisor of each node In order to use the shared resource, the supervisor of each node must acquire a resource key in order to obtain access to its portion of resources in the provider node.
- a key service is provided for distributing the resource keys to the appropriate supervisors upon request.
- Figure 2 illustrates the implementation of the S0PQ_Key for the communications environment 100 of Figure 1.
- Figure 2 depicts four connection requests from client node A: one from the supervisor thereof containing the SOPQ_Key, one from a privileged client which contains the WKPQ_key, and two from non-privileged clients containing a non-privileged Q_Key.
- the resource provider node 108 Upon receipt of these requests, the resource provider node 108 examines the Q_Keys contained in each request, as shown in block 202. If the request does not contain the SOPQ_Key, it is rejected by the resource provider node 108 as shown in block 204. However, if the request does contain the SOPQ_Key, it is accepted and the resource provider node 108 allows a connection to take place where private data (such as a key) is returned to the client node 106, as shown in block 206.
- private data such as a key
- the resource provider node 108 permits a connection only where the request came from the supervisor of a client node, thereby ensuring that private data is not distributed to any process that is not a supervisor. It will be noted that any process that has been authorized by the supervisor to use the SOPQ_Key is considered part of the supervisor. Accordingly, by defining the SOPQ_Key and allowing this to be used only by a supervisor, the need for time-consuming supervisor authentication processes (e.g., the exchange of certificate data) is eliminated, thereby improving system performance, decreasing complexity and cost.
- FIG 3 there is shown another schematic block diagram of the exemplary communications environment 100, in which the network administrator is shown configuring the resource provider node 108 with a table 302 containing the GUIDs and key mapping of each client node 106, and the table 112 containing the corresponding resources 114 authorized to be used, as was shown in Figure 1.
- the network administrator 104 or some other trusted entity associates a key with each client as also shown in table 302.
- the resource provider node 108 uses tables 302 and 112 during normal operations upon receiving requests from various clients as described below.
- each client node 106 includes its corresponding key in all connection requests to the resource provider node 108.
- the resource provider node 108 determines the resources that the client node 106 is allowed to use by examining the tables 302, 112 (formed during the configuration step) to identify the resources corresponding to the key received in the request. For example, if Client Node B sends a request 304, then the request 304 contains Client Node B' s key, which is represented as "Key B" in table 302.
- the resource provider node 108 Upon receipt of this request, the resource provider node 108 uses table 302 to determine the GUID of Client Node B, and further uses table 112 to determine the allowed resources associated with the client node having GUID B. A connection response 306 is then sent from the resource provider node 108 to Client Node B. This procedure eliminates the need for the resource provider node 108 to access the SA 102 in order to determine the resources Client Node B is allowed to use each time a connection to the resource provider 108 is made, as explained above.
- Such requests which originate from clients to resource providers, may simply be independent requests for usage of a resource, or they may also be connection requests and responses between the client node and resource provider node. If a connection is formed between the client node and resource provider node, then the client is allowed to use all resources corresponding to the resource key contained in the connection request during the duration of the connection, without the need to pass the resource key in each subsequent request.
- Still a further additional aspect of the present invention embodiments involves updating a resource key. If the resource keys need to be updated after having been transferred to the resource provider node, the trusted administrator 104 may send a list of GUIDs and their corresponding keys to the resource provider node 108. The list of resources associated with each GUID need not be resent, however. With respect to Figure 3, such an operation would be implemented by updating table 302 in the resource provider without affecting table 112.
- Figure 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an exemplary computer system 400 in which the above described request authentication a scheme may be implemented.
- the computer system 400 illustrated in Figure 4 is intended to represent a broad range of computer systems, and thus alternative computer systems may include more, fewer and/or different components.
- the computer system 400 includes a bus 402 or other communication device to communicate information, as well as a processor 404 coupled to the bus 402 to process information.
- a processor 404 coupled to the bus 402 to process information.
- the computer system 400 is illustrated with a single processor, multiple processors and/or co-processors may also be included.
- RAM random access memory
- main memory 406 (depicted as main memory in Figure 4) is coupled to the bus 402 to store information and instructions to be executed by processor 404.
- the main memory 406 may also be used to store temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions by the processor 404.
- a read only memory (ROM) and/or other static data storage device 408 is also shown coupled to bus 402 for storing static information and other instructions carried out by processor 404, while data storage device 410 (e.g., a magnetic disk or optical disc and corresponding drive) is coupled to bus 402 for storing information and instructions.
- ROM read only memory
- data storage device 410 e.g., a magnetic disk or optical disc and corresponding drive
- the computer system 400 may also be coupled via the bus 402 to a display device 412, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT) or liquid crystal display (LCD), for displaying information to a computer user.
- a display device 412 such as a cathode ray tube (CRT) or liquid crystal display (LCD)
- An alphanumeric input device 414 may be coupled to the bus 402 to allow a user to communicate information and command selections to the processor 404.
- a cursor control device 416 such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys to communicate direction information and command selections to processor 404, as well as to control cursor movement on the display device 412.
- a network interface 418 may be used to provide access to a network, such as a local area network.
- the present method and system embodiments may therefore take the form of computer or controller implemented processes and apparatuses for practicing those processes.
- the disclosure can also be embodied in the form of computer program code containing instructions embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, or any other computer-readable storage medium, wherein, when the computer program code is loaded into and executed by a computer or controller, the computer becomes an apparatus for practicing embodiments of the invention.
- the disclosure may also be embodied in the form of computer program code or signal, for example, whether stored in a storage medium, loaded into and/or executed by a computer or controller, or transmitted over some transmission medium, such as over electrical wiring or cabling, through fiber optics, or via electromagnetic radiation, wherein, when the computer program code is loaded into and executed by a computer, the computer becomes an apparatus for practicing the invention.
- the computer program code segments configure the microprocessor to create specific logic circuits.
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05803142A EP1825343B1 (en) | 2004-11-12 | 2005-11-09 | Method and system for authenticating a requester without providing a key |
JP2007540643A JP4822224B2 (en) | 2004-11-12 | 2005-11-09 | Method and system for authenticating a requestor without providing a key |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/987,280 | 2004-11-12 | ||
US10/987,280 US7437447B2 (en) | 2004-11-12 | 2004-11-12 | Method and system for authenticating a requestor without providing a key |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006051083A1 true WO2006051083A1 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2005/055863 WO2006051083A1 (en) | 2004-11-12 | 2005-11-09 | Method and system for authenticating a requester without providing a key |
Country Status (6)
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US (3) | US7437447B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1825343B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4822224B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100547516C (en) |
TW (1) | TWI393400B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006051083A1 (en) |
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2004
- 2004-11-12 US US10/987,280 patent/US7437447B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2005
- 2005-11-09 WO PCT/EP2005/055863 patent/WO2006051083A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-11-09 EP EP05803142A patent/EP1825343B1/en active Active
- 2005-11-09 CN CN200580038334.7A patent/CN100547516C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-09 JP JP2007540643A patent/JP4822224B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-10 TW TW094139492A patent/TWI393400B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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2008
- 2008-07-07 US US12/168,201 patent/US8015243B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-07-07 US US12/168,198 patent/US7818413B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1825343B1 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
US20080271133A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
EP1825343A1 (en) | 2007-08-29 |
US7818413B2 (en) | 2010-10-19 |
TW200642391A (en) | 2006-12-01 |
US20080271125A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
JP4822224B2 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
US20060117103A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
CN101057201A (en) | 2007-10-17 |
US7437447B2 (en) | 2008-10-14 |
TWI393400B (en) | 2013-04-11 |
CN100547516C (en) | 2009-10-07 |
JP2008520018A (en) | 2008-06-12 |
US8015243B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 |
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