WO2006049382A1 - Multi-band internal antenna of symmetry structure having stub - Google Patents

Multi-band internal antenna of symmetry structure having stub Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006049382A1
WO2006049382A1 PCT/KR2005/002116 KR2005002116W WO2006049382A1 WO 2006049382 A1 WO2006049382 A1 WO 2006049382A1 KR 2005002116 W KR2005002116 W KR 2005002116W WO 2006049382 A1 WO2006049382 A1 WO 2006049382A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
patch
antenna
stub
band
internal antenna
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2005/002116
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Byung-Chan Kim
Jae-Ick Choi
Byung-Je Lee
Byung-Woon Jung
Han-Phil Rhyu
Byung-Gil Yu
Original Assignee
Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute filed Critical Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute
Priority to US11/718,087 priority Critical patent/US7782257B2/en
Publication of WO2006049382A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006049382A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to multi-band internal antenna of a symmetry structure having stub; and, more particularly, to a multi-band internal antenna of a symmetry structure having stub, in which a size of the internal antenna can be reduced by stacking loop antennas, a broadband characteristic can be obtained in a high frequency band by connecting the stub to a top patch of the antenna, and a reduced SAR and an omni-directional radiation pattern can be obtained by configuring an antenna patch in a symmetry structure.
  • an antenna is installed wireless communication terminals (mobile terminal, personal communication system (PCS), personal digital assistant (PDA), IMT-2000 terminal, wireless LAN terminal, smart phone, etc.) and receives reception signals from the outside and radiates transmission signals to the outside.
  • wireless communication terminals mobile terminal, personal communication system (PCS), personal digital assistant (PDA), IMT-2000 terminal, wireless LAN terminal, smart phone, etc.
  • the antenna for receiving signals transmitted from the opposite party or transmitting signals to the opposite party is installed in an appropriate location (inside or outside) of the wireless communication terminal, and the communication with the opposite party is achieved via a wireless communication network.
  • the antenna that is one of the largest parts of the wireless communication terminal tends to be smaller, considering the receive sensitivity and harmfulness of electromagnetic wave.
  • a combination of helical antenna and whip antenna is most widely used as the wireless communication terminals.
  • This antenna is an external antenna that is protruded from an outside of the wireless communication terminal. Since the external antenna requires a lot of parts at a region contacting with the antenna, its assembly process and part management are difficult. The antenna may be easily damaged due to an external impact. Also, since orientation and gain of the antenna is insufficient, high-quality of communication cannot be secured.
  • a monopole antenna, a loop antenna, or a planar inverted F antenna is built in the wireless communication terminal, as illustrated in Fig. 1. Accordingly, an outer design of the terminal is elegant and the terminal can be miniaturized. Also, the transmission/reception characteristics can be improved.
  • the monopole antenna is different to achieve frequency impedance at low frequency band.
  • the PIFA is an internal antenna used for solving the drawbacks of the monopole antenna.
  • the PIFA also has a narrow bandwidth and a current density is condensed at a specific location, resulting in high specific absorption rate (SAR).
  • the loop antenna considering the impedance matching and bandwidth characteristic.
  • the loop antenna using half wavelength is very long, there is a limitation in using the loop antenna as the internal antenna of the wireless communication terminal.
  • resonance bandwidth characteristic of high-order mode for multi-band is narrow. Therefore, there is a difficulty in operating the loop antenna as an actual multi-band antenna.
  • various antennas have been proposed which can solve the size problem of the internal antenna using a stack structure. However, these antennas are limited to the monopole antenna or the PIFA and have not been applied to the loop antenna till now. Also, only the resonance length of the antenna is compensated using the stack structure.
  • the general internal antennas (monopoly antenna, loop antennas, and PIFAs) have limitation m size when implementing them in the built-in type.
  • a bandwidth m a high frequency band is narrow and a current distribution in a high frequency band is differently changed in a low frequency band. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain omni-directional radiation patterns.
  • an object of the present invention to provide a multi-band internal antenna of a symmetry structure having stub, in which a size of the internal antenna can be reduced by stacking loop antennas, and a broadband characteristic can be obtained in a high frequency band by connecting the stub to a top patch of the antenna.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a multi-band internal antenna of a symmetry structure having stub, in which a reduced SAR and an omni-directional radiation pattern can be obtained by configuring an antenna patch m a symmetry structure such that a current density is uniformly distributed in bilateral symmetry.
  • a multi-band internal antenna including: a top patch disposed in an upper portion of the antenna, the top patch being formed in a loop shape of which one end is opened; a stub connected to the top patch to expand a bandwidth of a high frequency band in an operating frequency of the antenna; a bottom patch connected to a ground part through a feeder part and a shorting part, the bottom patch being formed in a loop shape of which one end and another end are opened; a connecting part connecting the top patch to the bottom patch to transmit a signal from the bottom patch to the top patch; an intermediate part formed between the top patch and the bottom patch to a predetermined thickness; the feeder part for feeding power to the bottom patch; and the shorting part for grounding the bottom patch.
  • an antenna size can be reduced by implementing a loop antenna in a stack structure.
  • a bandwidth of a high frequency band in an operating frequency of the antenna can be greatly expanded using a stub connected to a top patch.
  • an antenna patch in a bilateral symmetrical structure, a current density is uniformly distributed to thereby reduce SAR. Further, it is possible to obtain omni-directional radiation pattern with respect to an entire operating frequency (low frequency band and high frequency band) of the antenna.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating conventional internal antennas
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram of the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram of the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a surface current vector when the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention operates in a low frequency band;
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating a surface current vector when the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention operates in a high frequency band;
  • Fig. 6 is a diagram for explaining an antenna reflectivity characteristic when the stub is included and not included in the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 is a diagram of a radiation pattern when the multi-band antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention operates in a low frequency
  • Fig. 8 is a diagram of a radiation pattern when the multi-band antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention operates in a high frequency.
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram of a multi-band internal antenna of a symmetry structure having a stub in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the multi-band internal antenna includes a top patch 21, a stub 22, an intermediate part 23, a connecting part 24, a bottom patch 25, a feeder unit 26, a shorting part 27, and a ground part 28.
  • the top patch 21 is disposed an upper portion of an antenna and finally radiates signals from the bottom patch 25 to the outside.
  • the top patch 21 is not a completely closed loop but a loop shape of which one side is opened. Hereinafter, this portion will be referred to as a first opening.
  • the stub 22 is connected to an opposite side of the first opening in the top patch 22.
  • the stub 22 expands bandwidth of a high frequency band of the antenna. That is, the stub 22 is formed inside the top patch 21 and expands bandwidth of a multi-band high frequency band by generating resonance close to a high- order mode. At this point, the stub 22 is formed in two rectangular shapes with predetermined width and length.
  • the stub is used for impedance matching in a circuit comprised of microstrip or strip line.
  • the stub is a line that is additionally connected to a transmission line for the purpose of frequency tuning or broadband characteristic, not for the purpose of signal transmission.
  • the stub is classified into a shunt stub vertically connected to the transmission line and a series stub horizontally connected to the transmission line.
  • the shunt stub is classified into an open stub and a short stub.
  • the open stub is a stub that exists m an opened shape, with its end being connected to nothing.
  • the short stub is a stub that has a via at one end and is grounded.
  • the open stub acts as a capacitor.
  • the open stub acts as an inductor. An operation of the short stub is opposite to that of the open stub.
  • the stub used m the present invention is the shunt stub connected in parallel to the top patch 21 and is the open stub whose length is smaller than ⁇ /4.
  • the intermediate part 23 is formed of air or dielectric material such that it has a predetermined thickness between the top patch 21 and the bottom patch 25. At this time, size (horizontal and vertical lengths) of the intermediate part 23 is equal to the top patch 21 or the bottom patch 25.
  • the connecting part 24 connects the top patch 21 to the bottom patch 25 and transmits signals from the bottom patch 25 to the top patch 21.
  • the connecting part 24 passes through the dielectric material and connects the top patch 21 to the bottom patch 25. Accordingly, the height of the connecting part 24 has to be equal to that of the intermediate part 23.
  • connecting part 24 is provided to directly connect to both sides of the second opening of the bottom patch 25, the present invention is not limited to this configuration. That is, the connecting part 24 can be provided at any locations satisfying the antenna characteristics.
  • the bottom patch 25 is disposed under the intermediate part 23 and operates as one antenna together with the top patch 21.
  • a total length of the patch given by summing the length of the top patch 21 and the length of the bottom patch 25 corresponds to a half wavelength of a low frequency band among the usable bands of the antenna.
  • the bottom patch 25 is formed not to have a completely closed loop, but to have a second opening and a third opening, which are symmetrically formed on both sides.
  • a connecting part 24 is formed on both sides of the second opening, and a feeder part 26 and a shorting part 27 are disposed on both sides of the third opening.
  • Fig- 3 is a diagram for explaining the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub m accordance with the embodiment of the present invention. The respective parts of the multi-band internal antenna in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Fig. 3.
  • the present invention is not limited to the antenna of Fig. 3.
  • the antenna of Fig. 3 is described only for illustrative purpose for fully understanding the present invention. Accordingly, materials, structures, sizes, and locations of the antenna can be readily modified depending on operating frequencies and designs of the antenna.
  • Each of the top patch 21, the intermediate part 23, and the bottom patch 25 has the horizontal length of 36 mm and the vertical length of 25 mm.
  • a width of the top patch 21 and a width of the bottom patch 25 are 2.5 mm.
  • a gap of the first opening is 10 mm, and each length of left and right patches symmetrical to each other on both sides of the first opening is 13 mm.
  • a width of the bottom patch 25 is 2.5 mm, which is equal to the wxdth of the top patch 21.
  • a gap of the third opening between the feeder part 26 and the shorting part 27 is 6 mm, and a gap of the second opening between two connecting parts 24 is 10 mm.
  • the stub 22 connected to the top patch 21 has a shape formed by combining a 24(mm)X5(mm) rectangle with a 2.5(mm)X2.5(mm) square.
  • the top patch 21, the bottom patch 25, and the stub 22 are all formed of copper, which is a kind of perfect electric conductor (PEC).
  • the intermediate part 23 is formed of epoxy (FR4) having permittivity of 4.7 and thickness of 2.4 mm.
  • the ground part 28 and the bottom patch 25 are spaced apart from each other by 3.6 mm.
  • the ground part 28 is a 80(mm)X36(mm) rectangular substrate.
  • the antenna specification of Fig. 3 is only an example and thus the present invention is not limited to this. It should be noted that antenna characteristics that will be described later with reference to Figs. 4 to 8 were measured using the antenna of Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a surface current vector when the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention operates in a low frequency band. Specifically, Fig. 4(a) illustrates a current flow in the top patch 21 of the antenna, and Fig. 4(b) illustrates a current flow in the bottom patch 25 of the antenna.
  • a magnitude of an arrow represents an intensity of a current.
  • the surface current density has a bilateral distribution in both the top patch 21 and the bottom patch 25.
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating a surface current vector when the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention operates in a high frequency band. Specifically, Fig. 5(a) illustrates a current flow in the top patch 21 of the antenna, and Fig. 5(b) illustrates a current flow in the bottom patch 25.
  • a magnitude of an arrow represents an intensity of a current, like in Fig. 4.
  • the surface current density has a bilateral distribution in both the top patch 21 and the bottom patch 25, like in Fig. 4.
  • the surface current density of the antenna directly influences the radiation pattern.
  • the bilaterally uniform current distribution can reduce SAR. Therefore, the antenna in accordance with the present invention can obtain omni-directional radiation pattern, which is difficult to obtain in the high frequency band. In addition, the SAR can be reduced.
  • Fig. 6 is a diagram for explaining an antenna reflectivity characteristic when the stub is included and not included in the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a graph "a” represents an antenna reflectivity when the stub is not included
  • a graph "b” represents an antenna reflectivity when the stub is not included.
  • the bandwidth was 50 MHz in a low frequency band (center frequency: 860 MHz) and 210 MHz in a high frequency band (center frequency: 2550 MHz) with respect to the reflectivity with the resonance frequency of -6 dB or less (standing wave ratio (SWR) is 3 or less).
  • the bandwidth is 40 MHz in a low frequency band (center
  • Fig. 7 is a diagram of a radiation pattern when the multi-band antenna in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention operates in the low frequency
  • Fig. 8 is a diagram of a radiation pattern when the multi-band antenna m accordance with the embodiment of the present invention operates in the high frequency.
  • the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub m accordance with the present invention exhibits the omni ⁇ directional radiation patterns m both the low frequency band and the high frequency band. This results from the construction in which both the top patch and the bottom patch of the antenna have the symmetry structure. While the present invention has been described with respect to certain preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled m the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

Abstract

Provided is a multi-band internal antenna of a symmetry structure having stub, in which a size of the internal antenna can be reduced by stacking loop antennas, a broadband characteristic can be obtained in a high frequency band by connecting the stub to a top patch of the antenna, and a reduced SAR and an omni-directional radiation pattern can be obtained by configuring an antenna patch in a symmetry structure. The multi-band internal antenna includes: a top patch disposed in an upper portion of the antenna, the top patch being formed in a loop shape of which one end is opened; a stub connected to the top patch to expand a bandwidth of a high frequency band in an operating frequency of the antenna; a bottom patch connected to a ground part through a feeder part and a shorting part, the bottom patch being formed in a loop shape of which one end and another end are opened; a connecting part connecting the top patch to the bottom patch to transmit a signal from the bottom patch to the top patch; an intermediate part formed between the top patch and the bottom patch to a predetermined thickness; the feeder part for feeding power to the bottom patch; and the shorting part for grounding the bottom patch. The multi- band internal antenna is used in wireless communication fields.

Description

MULTI-BAND INTERNAL ANTENNA OF SYMMETRY STRUCTURE
HAVING STUB
Description Technical Field
The present invention relates to multi-band internal antenna of a symmetry structure having stub; and, more particularly, to a multi-band internal antenna of a symmetry structure having stub, in which a size of the internal antenna can be reduced by stacking loop antennas, a broadband characteristic can be obtained in a high frequency band by connecting the stub to a top patch of the antenna, and a reduced SAR and an omni-directional radiation pattern can be obtained by configuring an antenna patch in a symmetry structure.
Background Art
In general, an antenna is installed wireless communication terminals (mobile terminal, personal communication system (PCS), personal digital assistant (PDA), IMT-2000 terminal, wireless LAN terminal, smart phone, etc.) and receives reception signals from the outside and radiates transmission signals to the outside.
That is, the antenna for receiving signals transmitted from the opposite party or transmitting signals to the opposite party is installed in an appropriate location (inside or outside) of the wireless communication terminal, and the communication with the opposite party is achieved via a wireless communication network.
As the wireless communication terminal is miniaturized and lightweight, the antenna that is one of the largest parts of the wireless communication terminal tends to be smaller, considering the receive sensitivity and harmfulness of electromagnetic wave.
A combination of helical antenna and whip antenna is most widely used as the wireless communication terminals. This antenna is an external antenna that is protruded from an outside of the wireless communication terminal. Since the external antenna requires a lot of parts at a region contacting with the antenna, its assembly process and part management are difficult. The antenna may be easily damaged due to an external impact. Also, since orientation and gain of the antenna is insufficient, high-quality of communication cannot be secured.
To solve the problems of the external antenna, a monopole antenna, a loop antenna, or a planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) is built in the wireless communication terminal, as illustrated in Fig. 1. Accordingly, an outer design of the terminal is elegant and the terminal can be miniaturized. Also, the transmission/reception characteristics can be improved. However, the monopole antenna is different to achieve frequency impedance at low frequency band. The PIFA is an internal antenna used for solving the drawbacks of the monopole antenna. However, the PIFA also has a narrow bandwidth and a current density is condensed at a specific location, resulting in high specific absorption rate (SAR). To solve the drawbacks of the monopole antenna and the PIFA, there is proposed the loop antenna considering the impedance matching and bandwidth characteristic. However, since the loop antenna using half wavelength is very long, there is a limitation in using the loop antenna as the internal antenna of the wireless communication terminal. Also, in the case of the loop antenna, resonance bandwidth characteristic of high-order mode for multi-band is narrow. Therefore, there is a difficulty in operating the loop antenna as an actual multi-band antenna. Meanwhile, various antennas have been proposed which can solve the size problem of the internal antenna using a stack structure. However, these antennas are limited to the monopole antenna or the PIFA and have not been applied to the loop antenna till now. Also, only the resonance length of the antenna is compensated using the stack structure.
As described above, the general internal antennas (monopoly antenna, loop antennas, and PIFAs) have limitation m size when implementing them in the built-in type. A bandwidth m a high frequency band is narrow and a current distribution in a high frequency band is differently changed in a low frequency band. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain omni-directional radiation patterns.
Disclosure
Technical Problem
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a multi-band internal antenna of a symmetry structure having stub, in which a size of the internal antenna can be reduced by stacking loop antennas, and a broadband characteristic can be obtained in a high frequency band by connecting the stub to a top patch of the antenna. Another object of the present invention is to provide a multi-band internal antenna of a symmetry structure having stub, in which a reduced SAR and an omni-directional radiation pattern can be obtained by configuring an antenna patch m a symmetry structure such that a current density is uniformly distributed in bilateral symmetry.
Technical Solution
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a multi-band internal antenna including: a top patch disposed in an upper portion of the antenna, the top patch being formed in a loop shape of which one end is opened; a stub connected to the top patch to expand a bandwidth of a high frequency band in an operating frequency of the antenna; a bottom patch connected to a ground part through a feeder part and a shorting part, the bottom patch being formed in a loop shape of which one end and another end are opened; a connecting part connecting the top patch to the bottom patch to transmit a signal from the bottom patch to the top patch; an intermediate part formed between the top patch and the bottom patch to a predetermined thickness; the feeder part for feeding power to the bottom patch; and the shorting part for grounding the bottom patch.
Advantageous Effects
According to the present invention, an antenna size can be reduced by implementing a loop antenna in a stack structure.
Also, a bandwidth of a high frequency band in an operating frequency of the antenna can be greatly expanded using a stub connected to a top patch.
In addition, by configuring an antenna patch in a bilateral symmetrical structure, a current density is uniformly distributed to thereby reduce SAR. Further, it is possible to obtain omni-directional radiation pattern with respect to an entire operating frequency (low frequency band and high frequency band) of the antenna.
Description of Drawings
The above and other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating conventional internal antennas;
Fig. 2 is a diagram of the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a diagram of the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a surface current vector when the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention operates in a low frequency band;
Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating a surface current vector when the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention operates in a high frequency band;
Fig. 6 is a diagram for explaining an antenna reflectivity characteristic when the stub is included and not included in the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a diagram of a radiation pattern when the multi-band antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention operates in a low frequency; and
Fig. 8 is a diagram of a radiation pattern when the multi-band antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention operates in a high frequency.
Best Mode for the Invention
Other objects and aspects of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, which is set forth hereinafter.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a multi-band internal antenna of a symmetry structure having a stub in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 2, the multi-band internal antenna includes a top patch 21, a stub 22, an intermediate part 23, a connecting part 24, a bottom patch 25, a feeder unit 26, a shorting part 27, and a ground part 28. The top patch 21 is disposed an upper portion of an antenna and finally radiates signals from the bottom patch 25 to the outside. The top patch 21 is not a completely closed loop but a loop shape of which one side is opened. Hereinafter, this portion will be referred to as a first opening.
The stub 22 is connected to an opposite side of the first opening in the top patch 22.
The stub 22 expands bandwidth of a high frequency band of the antenna. That is, the stub 22 is formed inside the top patch 21 and expands bandwidth of a multi-band high frequency band by generating resonance close to a high- order mode. At this point, the stub 22 is formed in two rectangular shapes with predetermined width and length.
For understanding the present invention more fully, a general operation of the stub will be described below.
The stub is used for impedance matching in a circuit comprised of microstrip or strip line. The stub is a line that is additionally connected to a transmission line for the purpose of frequency tuning or broadband characteristic, not for the purpose of signal transmission. The stub is classified into a shunt stub vertically connected to the transmission line and a series stub horizontally connected to the transmission line.
Also, the shunt stub is classified into an open stub and a short stub. The open stub is a stub that exists m an opened shape, with its end being connected to nothing. The short stub is a stub that has a via at one end and is grounded.
When the length L is smaller than λ/4, the open stub acts as a capacitor. When the length L is greater than λ/4 and less than λ/2, the open stub acts as an inductor. An operation of the short stub is opposite to that of the open stub.
Accordingly, the stub used m the present invention is the shunt stub connected in parallel to the top patch 21 and is the open stub whose length is smaller than λ/4.
The intermediate part 23 is formed of air or dielectric material such that it has a predetermined thickness between the top patch 21 and the bottom patch 25. At this time, size (horizontal and vertical lengths) of the intermediate part 23 is equal to the top patch 21 or the bottom patch 25.
The connecting part 24 connects the top patch 21 to the bottom patch 25 and transmits signals from the bottom patch 25 to the top patch 21. At this point, when the intermediate part 23 is formed of dielectric material, not air, the connecting part 24 passes through the dielectric material and connects the top patch 21 to the bottom patch 25. Accordingly, the height of the connecting part 24 has to be equal to that of the intermediate part 23.
Also, although the connecting part 24 is provided to directly connect to both sides of the second opening of the bottom patch 25, the present invention is not limited to this configuration. That is, the connecting part 24 can be provided at any locations satisfying the antenna characteristics.
The bottom patch 25 is disposed under the intermediate part 23 and operates as one antenna together with the top patch 21. A total length of the patch given by summing the length of the top patch 21 and the length of the bottom patch 25 corresponds to a half wavelength of a low frequency band among the usable bands of the antenna.
Also, the bottom patch 25 is formed not to have a completely closed loop, but to have a second opening and a third opening, which are symmetrically formed on both sides. At this point, a connecting part 24 is formed on both sides of the second opening, and a feeder part 26 and a shorting part 27 are disposed on both sides of the third opening.
Meanwhile, the feeder part 26 feeds power to the bottom patch 25, and the shorting part 27 shorts the ground part 28 and the bottom patch 25. By implementing the feeder part 26 and the shorting part 27 such that they exist together, the bottom patch 25 itself operates as a portion of the antenna, not the feeder line. Fig- 3 is a diagram for explaining the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub m accordance with the embodiment of the present invention. The respective parts of the multi-band internal antenna in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Fig. 3.
The present invention is not limited to the antenna of Fig. 3. The antenna of Fig. 3 is described only for illustrative purpose for fully understanding the present invention. Accordingly, materials, structures, sizes, and locations of the antenna can be readily modified depending on operating frequencies and designs of the antenna.
Each of the top patch 21, the intermediate part 23, and the bottom patch 25 has the horizontal length of 36 mm and the vertical length of 25 mm. A width of the top patch 21 and a width of the bottom patch 25 are 2.5 mm. In the top patch 21, a gap of the first opening is 10 mm, and each length of left and right patches symmetrical to each other on both sides of the first opening is 13 mm. A width of the bottom patch 25 is 2.5 mm, which is equal to the wxdth of the top patch 21. In the bottom patch 21, a gap of the third opening between the feeder part 26 and the shorting part 27 is 6 mm, and a gap of the second opening between two connecting parts 24 is 10 mm. The stub 22 connected to the top patch 21 has a shape formed by combining a 24(mm)X5(mm) rectangle with a 2.5(mm)X2.5(mm) square.
The top patch 21, the bottom patch 25, and the stub 22 are all formed of copper, which is a kind of perfect electric conductor (PEC).
Meanwhile, the intermediate part 23 is formed of epoxy (FR4) having permittivity of 4.7 and thickness of 2.4 mm. The ground part 28 and the bottom patch 25 are spaced apart from each other by 3.6 mm. The ground part 28 is a 80(mm)X36(mm) rectangular substrate.
As described above, the antenna specification of Fig. 3 is only an example and thus the present invention is not limited to this. It should be noted that antenna characteristics that will be described later with reference to Figs. 4 to 8 were measured using the antenna of Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a surface current vector when the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention operates in a low frequency band. Specifically, Fig. 4(a) illustrates a current flow in the top patch 21 of the antenna, and Fig. 4(b) illustrates a current flow in the bottom patch 25 of the antenna.
In Fig. 4, a magnitude of an arrow represents an intensity of a current. As shown in Fig. 4, when the multi-band internal antenna operates at a low frequency, the surface current density has a bilateral distribution in both the top patch 21 and the bottom patch 25.
Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating a surface current vector when the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention operates in a high frequency band. Specifically, Fig. 5(a) illustrates a current flow in the top patch 21 of the antenna, and Fig. 5(b) illustrates a current flow in the bottom patch 25.
In Fig. 5, a magnitude of an arrow represents an intensity of a current, like in Fig. 4. As shown in Fig. 5, when the multi-band internal antenna operates at a high frequency, the surface current density has a bilateral distribution in both the top patch 21 and the bottom patch 25, like in Fig. 4.
The surface current density of the antenna directly influences the radiation pattern. The bilaterally uniform current distribution can reduce SAR. Therefore, the antenna in accordance with the present invention can obtain omni-directional radiation pattern, which is difficult to obtain in the high frequency band. In addition, the SAR can be reduced.
Fig. 6 is a diagram for explaining an antenna reflectivity characteristic when the stub is included and not included in the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention.
In Fig. 6, a graph "a" represents an antenna reflectivity when the stub is not included, and a graph "b" represents an antenna reflectivity when the stub is not included.
Referring to the graph "a", when the stub is not included, the bandwidth was 50 MHz in a low frequency band (center frequency: 860 MHz) and 210 MHz in a high frequency band (center frequency: 2550 MHz) with respect to the reflectivity with the resonance frequency of -6 dB or less (standing wave ratio (SWR) is 3 or less).
Referring to the graph "b", when the stub is included, the bandwidth is 40 MHz in a low frequency band (center
10 frequency: 800 MHz) and 430 MHz in a high frequency band (center frequency: 2800 MHz) under the same condition (the reflectivity with the resonance frequency of -6 dB or less (SWR is 3 or less) ) . Since the antenna includes the stub, the bandwidth in the high frequency band is greatly expanded to 210-430 MHz.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of a radiation pattern when the multi-band antenna in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention operates in the low frequency, and Fig. 8 is a diagram of a radiation pattern when the multi-band antenna m accordance with the embodiment of the present invention operates in the high frequency.
Referring to Figs. 7 and 8, the multi-band internal antenna of the symmetry structure having the stub m accordance with the present invention exhibits the omni¬ directional radiation patterns m both the low frequency band and the high frequency band. This results from the construction in which both the top patch and the bottom patch of the antenna have the symmetry structure. While the present invention has been described with respect to certain preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled m the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
11

Claims

What is claimed xs:
1. A multi-band internal antenna comprising: a top patch disposed in an upper portion of the antenna, the top patch being formed in a loop shape of which one end is opened; a stub connected to the top patch to expand a bandwidth of a high frequency band in an operating frequency of the antenna; a bottom patch connected to a ground part through a feeder part and a shorting part, the bottom patch being formed in a loop shape of which one end and another end are opened; a connecting part connecting the top patch to the bottom patch to transmit a signal from the bottom patch to the top patch; an intermediate part formed between the top patch and the bottom patch to a predetermined thickness; the feeder part for feeding power to the bottom patch; and the shorting part for grounding the bottom patch.
2. The multi-band internal antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein each of the top patch and the bottom patch is bilaterally symmetrical with respect to the feeder part and the shorting part.
3. The multi-band internal antenna as recited in claim 1, wherein the stub is connected to an inner side of the top patch.
4. The multi-band internal antenna as recited in claim 3, wherein the top patch is formed of material equal to that of the stub and the bottom patch.
12
5. The multi-band xnternal antenna as recited in claim 3, wherein a total length of the patch given by summing the length of the top patch and the length of the bottom patch corresponds to a half wavelength of a low frequency band in the operating frequency of the antenna.
6. The multi-band internal antenna as recited in claim 3, wherein the intermediate part is air.
7. The multi-band internal antenna as recited in claim 3, wherein the intermediate part is formed of dielectric material.
8. The multi-band internal antenna as recited in claim 3, wherein the connecting part connects the top patch and the bottom patch at two points.
9. The multi-band internal antenna as recited in claim 3, wherein the connecting part has a height equal to a thickness of the intermediate part.
13
PCT/KR2005/002116 2004-11-05 2005-07-04 Multi-band internal antenna of symmetry structure having stub WO2006049382A1 (en)

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KR100597581B1 (en) 2006-07-06

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