WO2006022866A1

WO2006022866A1 - Disposable absorbent underpants

Info

Publication number: WO2006022866A1
Application number: PCT/US2005/010563
Authority: WO
Inventors: Tim Richard Cazzato; Paul Joseph Datta; Jacqueline Ann Gross; Michael Barth Venturino; Steven Lambert Weyenberg; Michael Scott Brunner
Original assignee: Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc; Kimberly Clark Corp
Current assignee: Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc; Kimberly Clark Corp
Priority date: 2004-08-19
Filing date: 2005-03-29
Publication date: 2006-03-02
Anticipated expiration: 2007-02-19
Also published as: US7344524B2; US20050055005A1

Abstract

A disposable absorbent article is disclosed having a waist opening and a pair of leg openings. The absorbent article has first, second and third pairs of leg elastics secured between an outer cover and an inner liner. The first, second and third leg elastics are arranged around each of the pair of leg openings with each of the third pair of leg elastics being positioned intermediate one of each of the first and second pairs of leg elastics. Each of the third pair of leg elastics is also separated from one of the first pair of leg elastics by a first gap and from one of the second pair of leg elastics by a second gap.

Description

DISPOSABLE ABSORBENT UNDERPANTS

Field of the Invention

This invention relates to disposable absorbent underpants having a waist opening and a pair of leg openings. More specifically, this invention relates to disposable absorbent underpants having first, second and third leg elastics surrounding -each leg opening and the three leg elastics are separated by first and second gaps.

Background of the Invention

Disposable absorbent underpants have been commercially available for some time for use by infants and toddlers as diapers and training pants. Disposable absorbent underpants have also been available for use by adults suffering from incontinence. A number of such underpants have used elastics around the leg openings to form gathers so as to minimize leakage of body fluid from the underpants. When the -elastic ^completely encircles each of the leg openings, it has been found that pressure marks can be left on the thighs of the wearer should the elastic be too tight. It has also been found that when three or more discrete sections of elastics are secured around each leg opening, that at the points where the elastics overlap one another, leakage can occur. The overlap of two sections of elastics can also create a bump or hump that can cause irritation and discomfort to the wearer of the underpants.

Now, disposable absorbent underpants have been developed which utilize three discrete elastic sections that are spaced apart from one another and are positioned about each leg opening. Each discrete elastic section is separated from an adjacent -section by a gap. When three sections of leg elastics are utilized, -first and-second gaps will be present which separate the three elastic sections. The gaps formed between the adjacent sections prevent the elastics from overlapping one another even when the-elastics contract and gather the material to which they are secured. By eliminating overlaps of ,the elastics around, each leg opening, one can minimize and sometimes prevent the leakage of body fluid from the disposable absorbent underpants. Summary of the Invention

Briefly, this invention relates to disposable absorbent underpants for containing body fluid. The disposable underpants include an outer cover having a front portion and a back portion joined together by a crotch portion. An inner liner is attached to ihe outer cover. The inner liner has a front portion and a back portion joined together by a crotch portion. The crotch portion formed by the joining of the outer cover and the inner liner has a width W₃. The front and back portions of both the outer cover and the inner liner are joined together to form a waist opening and a pair of leg openings. An absorbent pad is secured to the crotch portion of the inner liner by an adhesive. The absorbent pad includes a liquid permeable cover, a liquid-impermeable baffle and an absorbent layer positioned therebetween. The absorbent pad has a width W₂ which is less than the width W₃. A first pair of leg elastics is secured between the outer cover and the inner liner at the front portion such that each of the first pair of legelastics is positioned within 0.5 inches of one of the pair of leg openings. A second pair of leg elastics is-secured -between the outer cover and the inner liner at the back portion such that each of the second pair of leg elastics is positioned within 0.5 inches of -one of the pair of leg openings. A third pair of leg elastics is secured between the outer cover and the inner liner such that each of the third pair of leg elastics is positioned within 0.5 inches of one of the pair of leg openings, intermediate one of the first and second pairs of leg elastics. Each of the third-pair of leg elastics is separated from one of the first pair of legelastics by a first gap and -from one of the second pair of leg elastics by a second gap. Each of the first and -second gaps is at least about 0.125 inches in dimension. The first, second and third pairs of leg elastics allow gathers to form about each of the leg openings to minimize -leakage of body fluid from the disposable absorbent underpants. The disposable absorbent underpants also contain waist elastic attached between the outer cover and the inner liner at the front and back portions. The waist elastics allow gathers to form about the waist opening to minimize leakage of body fluid from the disposable absorbent underpants.

Brief Description of the Drawings

. Fig. 1 is a top view of a disposable absorbent underpants -before the front and back portions are joined together and showing cut-away sections depicting an outer cover, an inner liner and various layers of the absorbent pad, along with three discrete-sections of leg elastics surrounding each of the pair of leg cutouts wherein each of -the three-elastic sections are separated from one another by a gap. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the disposable absorbent underpants shown in -Fig. 1 when the front and back portions are joined together to form a waist opening and a pair of leg openings.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 1 showing the baffle of the absorbent pad secured to the crotch portion of the inner liner by an adhesive.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4-4 of Fig. 1 showing one of the first pair of leg elastics sandwiched between the outer cover and the inner liner and positioned within 0.5 inches of the outer edge.

Detailed Description

Referring to Fig. 1, a disposable absorbent underpants 10 is shown in a flat configuration before being formed into a tubular product. The tubular product is -depicted in Fig. 2. The disposable absorbent underpants'! 0 is capable of absorbing and -containing body fluid, especially urine and fecal matter. The disposable absorbent underpants 10 has a longitudinal centerline X-X when in the flat configuration. The disposable absorbent underpants 10 is manufactured and sold as a complete garment and is designed to be pulled up about the user's torso. The disposable absorbent underpants 10 can be dimensioned to be a diaper designed to be worn by an infant, a training pant designed to be worn by a toddler or an adult incontinent garment. Desirably, the -disposable absorbent underpantsiO is an adult incontinent article that can be used day or night to absorb and contain urine and/or fecal matter.

The disposable absorbent underpants 10 is constructed with an outer cover 12 having a front portion 14 and a back portion 16 joined together by a crotch portion 18. The outer cover 12 is located away from the body of the wearer in use. The outer cover 12 can be a single piece of material, as shown, or it can be made up of two or more separate pieces of material that are joined together, for example, a laminate. The outer cover 12 should be formed from a soft and flexible material. The outer cover 12 can be -either liquid permeable or liquid-impermeable. Desirably, the outer cover 12 is liquid-impermeable. The outer cover 12 can be made from natural or synthetic fibers and/or films. Examples of natural fibers include cellulose wood fibers and cotton fibers. Examples of synthetic fibers include rayon fibers, polyester fibers, and polypropylene fibers. When a film is utilized, a thermoplastic film formed from a polyolefin, such as polypropylene or polyethylene, works well. A combination of natural and synthetic materials can also be used to construct the outer cover 12. The outer cover 12 can also be formed from a woven or a non-woven web or sheet, such as a spunbond, a meltblown or a bonded-carded web. The disposable absorbent underpants 1O also contain an inner liner 20. The inner liner 20 is located toward the body of the wearer in use. The inner liner 20 has a front portion 22 and a back portion 24 joined together by a crotch portion 26. The inner liner 20 can be a single piece of material, as shown, or it can be made up of two or more separate pieces of material that are joined together, for example, a laminate. The inner liner 20 should be formed from a soft and flexible material. The inner liner 20 can be either liquid permeable or liquid-impermeable. Desirably, the inner liner 20 is liquid permeable.

The inner liner 20 can be joined to, attached to or secured to the outer cover 12 by an adhesive, by sewing, by a pressure bond, by a thermal bond, by a pressure and thermal bond, or by another means known to those skilled in the art. The joining can be over the entire surface of both the outer cover 12 and the inner liner 20 or be over only a portion of the surface. The front portion 22 of the inner liner 20 is positioned above or over the front portion 14 of the outer cover 12 while the back portion 24 of the inner liner 20 is positioned above or over the back portion 16 of the outer cover 12. Likewise, the -crotch portion 26 of the inner liner 20 is positioned above or over the crotch portion 1£ of the outer cover 12. The combination of the two front portions, 14 and 22 respectively, create a front waist portion 28 having distally spaced edges 30 and 32 and a pair of edges 68 each located adjacent to a leg cutout 35. The combination of the two back .portions, 16 and 24 respectively, create a back waist portion 34 having distally spaced edges 36 and 38 and a pair of edges 76 each located adjacent to one of the leg cutouts 35. The edges 30 and 32 of the front waist portion 28 are connected or sealed to the edges, 36 and 38 respectively, of the back waist portion 34 to form a tubular -configuration 40, see "Fig. 2, adaptable to fit around a person's torso.

Likewise, the combination of the two crotch portions, 18 and 26 respectively, create a crotch portion 26 having a pair of side edges 84. -Each side edge 84 is located adjacent to one of the leg cutouts 35. The side edges 84 are formed on the opposite -sides of the crotch portion 26 and are arcuate in configuration. Desirably, each of the arcuate side edges 84 is a mirror image of the other side edge -84. The arcuate orcurve profile of the side edges 84 allows the side edges 84 to snuggly fix against the inner thighs of the user and minimize fluid leakage. It has been found that straight sided edges, formed in the crotch portion 26, do not function as well as arcuate side edges.

Referring again to Figs. 1 and 2, the front and back waist portions, 28 and 34 respectively, see Fig. 1 , are secured together to form a pair of side seams or seals 42 and 44, see Fig. 2. Each of the side seams 42 and 44 are depicted as a T-seal that extends inward toward the body of the user. Alternatively, each of the side seams 42 and.44 can be a T-seal that extends outward away from the body or can be a lap seal. The side seams 42 and 44 can be formed using an ultrasonic bond, by using an adhesive, by using a pressure bond, by using a thermal bond, by using a combination of heat and pressure or by using another means known to those skilled in the art. The tubular configuration 40 has a waist opening 46 and a pair of leg openings 48 and 50. The disposable absorbent underpants 10 is designed to fit snugly around the torso -of a user and is designed to contain body fluid, especially urine, discharged by the wearer.

Referring now to Fig. 3, an absorbent pad 52 is shown being secured to the-crotch portion 26 by an adhesive 54. The adhesive 54 can be either a hot melt adhesive or a cold melt adhesive. The absorbent pad 52 includes a liquid permeable -cover 56, a liquid- impermeable baffle 58 and an absorbent layer 60 positioned therebetween. The liquid permeable cover 56 and the liquid-impermeable baffle 58 are joined or secured together about their peripheries by a construction adhesive 62. The construction adhesive 62 can be either a hot melt adhesive or a cold melt adhesive.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 3, the absorbent layer -60 has a length L₁, see Fig. 1 , and a width W₁, see Fig. 3, which are less than the length L₂ and the width W₂ of the absorbent pad 52. This means that the liquid permeable -cover 56 and the liquid-impermeable baffle 58 are larger in size than the absorbent layer "60 and both extend beyond the outer periphery of the absorbent layer 60. This is important because by forming the absorbent layer 60 such that it has a smaller overall size than the absorbent pad 52, anybody fluid received by the absorbent layer 60 will not be able to flow or wick outward to the outer edges of the absorbent pad 52. This feature will minimize and hopefully prevent fluid leakage from occurring. The absorbent layerδO should have a width W₁ that is at least about 0.125 inches (about 3.2 mm) less than the width W₂ of the absorbent -pad 52. Desirably, the absorbent layer 60 will have a width W-i that is from between about 0.-25 inches (about 6.4 mm) to about 1 inch {about 25.4 mm) less than the width W₂ of the absorbent pad 52. More desirably, the absorbent layer 60 will have a width W₁ that is from between about 0.375 inches (about 9.5 mm) to about 0.75 inches i about 19 mm) less than the width W₂ of the absorbent pad 52.

Referring again to Fig. 3, one will notice that the crotch portion 5-6Of both the outer cover 12 and the inner liner 20 has a width W₃. The width W₂ of the absorbent pad 52 is less than the width W₃ of the crotch portion 26. The absorbent pad 52 should have a width W₂ that is at least about 0.125 inches (about 3.2 mm) less than the width W₃Of the crotch portion 26. Desirably, the width W₂ of the absorbent pad 52 is from between about -0.25 inches (about 6.4 mm) to about 3 inches (about 76 mm) less than the width W₃ of the crotch portion 26. More desirably, the absorbent pad 52 will have a width W₂ that is from between about 0.375 inches (about 9.5 mm) to about 2 inches {about 51 mm) less than the width W₃ of the crotch portion 26. The reason for this size difference is that the disposable absorbent underpants'! 0 is primarily designed to absorb urine and it is desirable to confine the urine to the absorbent layer 60.

The absorbent layer 60 has a width W₁ that is less than the width W₂ of the absorbent pad 52 and, in turn, the absorbent pad 52 has a width W₂ that is less than the width W₃ of the crotch portion 26. This size difference assures that if any urine wicks to the longitudinal side edges of the absorbent layer 60, that it will still be spaced apart from the longitudinal side edges of the absorbent pad 52. In turn, the urine will be further spaced away from the arcuate side edges 84 of the crotch portion 26 and therefore will not leak onto the wearer's clothing or skin.

The liquid permeable cover 56 can be formed from a liquid permeable material so as to allow body fluid which strikes the absorbent pad 52 to pass quickly down into the absorbent layer 60. The cover 56 can be formed from many different liquid permeable materials. Examples of some liquid permeable materials that work well include: a non- woven web, a spunbond, a meltblown and a bonded-carded web. A •bonded-carded web can be composed of synthetic polymer filaments or fibers. Examples of synthetic materials include polypropylene, polyethylene, polyesters and the like. The liquid permeable cover 56 can also be formed from a perforated thermoplastic film. The liquid permeable cover 56 can further be formed from rayon or cotton or from other materials known to those skilled in the art. The liquid permeable cover 56 can also be treated with a surfactant to aid in the transfer of the body fluid into the absorbent layer "60, if desired.

The liquid-impermeable baffle 58 can be formed from a liquid-impermeable material so as to prevent body fluid that contacts it from passing therethrough. The liquid- impermeable baffle 58 can be formed from a thin sheet of thermoplastic material such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and the like. Alternatively, the liquid- impermeable baffle 58 can be formed from a non-woven, fibrous web that has been constructed to have low liquid permeability. The liquid-impermeable baffle 58 can also be constructed from a foarn material. In some instances, it may be advantageous to form the liquid-impermeable baffle 58 from a material that will allow vapors to pass through -but which will prevent body fluid from passing through. Any material known to those skilled in the art which will prevent a liquid or body fluid from passing therethrough can be used for the liquid-impermeable baffle 58.

The absorbent layer 60 that is retained between the liquid permeable cover 56 and the liquid-impermeable baffle 58 should be primarily designed to absorb urine. However, it could be constructed to absorb other body fluids, such as menses, blood, perspiration, as well as other body excrements. The absorbent layer 60 can be formed from various natural and/or synthetic materials, such as cellulose fibers, wood pulp fibers, regenerated cellulose or cotton fibers, meltblown fibers, a blend of pulp and other fibers, or a combination of various fibers. A suitable material is "coform" which is a mixture of cellulose fibers and synthetic polymer fibers. Coform is manufactured by Kimberly-Clark Corporation having an office at 401 North Lake Street Neenah, Wisconsin 54956.

The absorbent layer 60 can also include superabsorbent materials, commonly referred to as "superabsorbents", to increase its absorbency and ability to retain body fluids under pressure loads. The superabsorbents can be present in particle form, as flakes or have some other structural shape. The superabsorbents can -be secured to the absorbent fibers by an adhesive or they can be loosely positioned between the absorbent fibers. Suitable superabsorbents are commercially available from Oow Chemical Company, Hoechst Celanese Corporation and Allied Colloids, Inc.

The absorbent layer 60 may be wrapped in tissue or some similar kind of acquisition and/or distribution layer to assist in maintaining the integrity of the absorbent fibers and the superabsorbents.

It should be noted that the absorbent pad 52 is designed to absorb at least about 100 grams of body fluid, such as urine. Desirably, the absorbent pad 52 can absorb from between about 100 grams to about 1500 grams of body fluid. More desirably, the absorbent pad 52 can absorb about 300 grams of body fluid. Still more desirably, the absorbent pad 52 can absorb about 500 grams of body fluid. Even more desirably, the absorbent pad 52 can absorb about 1 ,000 grams of body fluid. Most desirably, the absorbent pad 52 can absorb about 1,500 grams of body fluid.

In order to measure the absorbency of the absorbent pad "52, one should use a "Saturated Retention Capacity Test." The "Saturated Retention Capacity" of the absorbent pad 52 can be measured using the following procedure. First, the absorbent pad 52 is measured to make sure it has a moisture content of less than about 7 weight percent. The moisture content value can be obtained by following the ASTMO-2495 (7:01) Standard Test Method for Moisture Content in Cotton by Oven-Drying. The absorbent pad "52 is then weighed to obtain its "dry weight." The absorbent pad 52 is then submerged in an excess quantity of synthetic urine at room temperature (about 23 degrees Celsius). The composition of the synthetic urine comprises 0.31 grams of monobasic calcium phosphate monohydrate (CaH4(PO4)2H2O), 0.68 grams of monobasic potassium phosphate (KH2PO4), 0.48 grams of magnesium sulphate heptahydrate (MgSO4 7H2O), 1.33 grams of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), 1.24 grams of tribasic sodium phosphate dodecahydrate (Na3PO4 12H2O), 4.4 grams of sodium chloride (NaCI), 3.16 grams of potassium chloride (KCI), 8.56 grams of urea (CO(NH2)2), 0.1 grams of Pluronic 10R8 surfactant, -(a non-ionic surfactant commercially available from BASF-Wyandotte Corporation), 1 gram of methyl paraben and 1 gram of<3ermall 115 preservative (commercially available from Saniell Chemical Company, Chicago, 111.) per liter using distilted water as the solvent. The above- identified components are added to 900 milliliters of distilled water in the order given and each dissolved before the next component is added. The solution is finally diluted to one liter.

The absorbent pad 52 is allowed to remain submerged in the synthetic urine for 20 minutes. After 20 minutes, the absorbent pad 52 is removed from the synthetic μrine and placed on a TEFLON coated fiberglass screen. TEFLON is a registered trademark of E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company, having an office at 1O02 Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801. The screen has a plurality of openings of about O.25 inches <about 6.4 mm) in width. Such a screen is commercially available from Taconic Plastics, Inc., having an office in Petersburg, N. Y. The screen is positioned on a vacuum box and the absorbent pad 52 is positioned in direct contact with the upper surface of the screen. The absorbent pad 52 and screen are covered with a flexible rubber dam material. A vacuum of 3.5 kilopascals (about 0.5 pounds per square inch) is drawn into the vacuum box for a period of 5 minutes. The flexible rubber dam material is removed and the absorbent pad 52 is withdrawn and weighed to obtain its "wet weight." The amount of fluid retained by the absorbent pad 52 is determined by subtracting its dry weight from its wet weight. The "Saturated Retention Capacity" of the absorbent pad 52 is equal to the fluid, measured in grams, which is retained by the absorbent pad 52.

Optionally positioned above the absorbent layer QO -can be a surge layer 64. The surge layer 64 is in direct contact with the liquid permeable cover 56. The purpose of the surge layer 64 is to quickly take up body fluid that contacts the cover 56 and direct this body fluid downward into the absorbent layer 60. In addition, the surge Iayer64<can direct the body fluid outward in the transverse and/or longitudinal directions so that it is capable of contacting a greater surface area of the absorbent layer'60. The ability of the surge layer 64 to quickly move body fluid in the x, y and z directions diffuses surges of body fluid which can insult the absorbent pad 52. The -surge layer 64 is also sometimes referred to as an acquisition/distribution layer. The surge layer 64 can be formed from a through-air bonded carded web composed of a blend of 40% 6 denier polyester fibers,. commercially available from Hoechst Celanese Corporation, and 60% 3 denier polypropylene/polyethylene sheath core bicomponent fibers, commercially available from Chisso Corporation. The surge layer 64 can have an overall basis weight ranging from about 50 grams per square meter (gsm) to about 120 gsm, In Fig. 1 , the surge layer 64 is depicted as having a rectangular configuration but it could be formed into other shapes as well, including an hourglass shape, an oval shape, etc.

Referring now to Figs. 1 and 4, the disposable absorbent underpants 10 includes a first pair of leg elastics 66 secured between the outer cover 12 and the inner liner -20. The first pair of leg elastics 66 is present on the right and left sides of the front waist portion 2-8. Each of the first pair of leg elastics 66 is positioned adjacent to one of the -pair -of leg cutouts 35. The leg cutouts 35 are converted into the leg openings, 48 and 50 respectively, shown in Fig. 2, once the front portion 14 and 22 and the back portions 16 and 24 of the outer cover 12 and the inner liner 20 are joined together to form a tubular article. The first pair of leg elastics 66 is depicted as being three strands of an elastic material although a fewer or a greater number of strands can be utilized if desired. It has been found that three strands provide adequate elastic strength to form gathers about each of the leg openings 48 and 50. The first pair of leg elastics 66 can be -secured at continuous or intermittent sites to the outer cover 12 and to the inner liner 20 by an adhesive, by ultrasonic bonding, by heat and/or pressure bonds or by some -other means known to those skilled in the art. Materials suitable for forming the first pair of teg elastics 66 include polyurethane, rubber, and other elastomeric materials. The first pair-of leg elastics 66 can be in the form of long or short elastic strands, elastic tapes, ribbons, yarns, etc. The first pair of leg elastics 66 can have a cross-sectional configuration that is flat, square, rectangular, circular, oval or some other shape. A good material from which the first pair of leg elastics 66 can be formed is LYCRA. LYCRA is a registered trademark of the E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company that has an office at 1002 MarkefStreet, Wilmington, Delaware 19801.

Each of the first pair of leg elastics 66 is positioned adjacent to a first-pair of edges 68. Each of the first pair of edges 68 is substantially linear in configuration and .each extends inward toward the crotch portion 26 from one of the two distally spaced edges 30 and 32. At least about 50% of the length of each of the first pairof edges 68 is linear in configuration. Desirably, from between about 70% to about 100% of each of the first pair of edges 68 are linear in configuration. More desirably, from between about 75% to about 90% of each of the first pair of edges 68 are linear in •configuration. Each of the first pair of edges 68 is aligned at an angle alpha (α) to the longitudinal centerline X-X of the disposable absorbent underpants 10. The angle alpha {α) can range from between about 62 degrees to about 99 degrees. Desirably, the angle alpha {α) can range from between about 74 degrees to about 91 degrees, and most desirably, the angle alpha (α) is at least about 85 degrees. The angling of the first pair of edges 68 relative to the longitudinal centerline X-X ensures a better contouring of the disposable absorbent underpants TO to the user's body and provides a comfortable fit with reduced bunching.

Referring again to Figs. 1 and 2, each of the first pair of leg-elastics 66 is positioned within 0.5 inches (about 13 mm) of one of the leg openings, 48 and 50 respectively. Desirably, each of the first pair of leg elastics 66 is positioned within about 0.375 inches (about 9.5 mm) of one of the leg openings, 48 and 50 respectively. More desirably, each of the first pair of leg elastics 66 is positioned within about 0.25 inches (about 6.5 mm) of one of the leg openings, 48 and 50 respectively. 8y "positioned within" it is meant that each of the first pair of leg elastics 66 is located entirely within the specified dimension as measured from the adjacent edge 68.

Referring again to Fig. 1 , each of the first pair of leg elastics 66 is located along one of the edges 68 and is aligned parallel thereto. Each of the first pair of leg elastics 66 has a first end 70 located adjacent to or coterminous to one of the distal edges, 30 and 32 respectively, of the front portions 14 and 22. Desirably, each of the first ends 70 is spaced slightly inward from one of the two distal edges 30 and 32. Each of the first pair of leg elastics 66 terminates at a second end 72. The first pair of leg elastics 66 should extend toward the absorbent pad 52 but should stop short thereof. Each second end 72 is located away from the longitudinal edges of the absorbent pad 52. The exact distance that each of the second ends 72 is spaced away from the longitudinal edges of the absorbent pad 52 can vary from between about 3 millimeter to about 75 millimeters.

Desirably, the distance from the longitudinal edges of the absorbent pad 52 to each of the second ends 72 is less than about 25 millimeters. This -spacing is to assure that the first pair of leg elastics 66 can function properly without interfering with the absorbent pad 52. By the "first and second ends, 70 and 72 respectively," of the first pair of leg elastics 66, it is meant the ends of the gathered material where the effectiveness of the elastic ends. This can differ from the physical ends of the elastic material which is normally longer and represents the actual ends of the individual -elastic filaments or strands.

The disposable absorbent underpants 10 also include a second pair of leg elastics 74 secured between the outer cover 12 and the inner liner 20. The second pair of leg elastics 74 is present on the right and left sides of the back waist portions 34. Εach of the second pair of leg elastics 74 is positioned adjacent to one of the pair of leg openings, 48 and 50 respectively, see Fig. 2. The second pair of leg elastics 74 is depicted as being three strands of an elastic material although a fewer or a greater number of strands can be utilized if desired. It has been found that three strands provide adequate elastic strength to form gathers about each of the leg openings 48 and 50, see Fig. 2. The -second pair of leg elastics 74 can be secured at continuous or intermittent sites to the outer -cover 12 and to the inner liner 20 by an adhesive, by ultrasonic bonding, by heat and/or pressure bonds or by some other means known to those skilled in the art. Materials suitable for forming the second pair of elastics 74 include those described above with reference to the first pair of leg elastics 66. Like the first pair of elastics ^'66, the second pair of leg elastics 74 can be in the form of long or short elastic strands, elastic tapes, ribbons, yarns, etc. The second pair of leg elastics 74 can have a cross-sectional configuration that is flat, square, rectangular, circular, oval or some other shape.

Each of the second pair of leg elastics 74 is positioned adjacent to a second pair of edges 76. Each of the second pair of edges 76 is substantially linear in configuration and extends inward toward the crotch portion 26 from one of the two distally spaced edges 36 and 38. At least about 50% of the length of each of the second pair of -edges 76 is linear in configuration. Desirably, from between about 70% to about 1-00% of -each of the second pair of edges 74 is linear in configuration. More desirably, from between about 75% to about 90% of each of the second pair of edges 74 is linear in configuration. Each of the second pair of edges 76 is aligned at an angle beta (β) to the longitudinal centerline X-X of the disposable absorbent underpants 10. The angle beta (β) -can range from between about 45 degrees to about 89 degrees. Desirably, the angle beta (β)-can range from between about 55 degrees to about 87 degrees, and most preferably, the angle beta (β) is from between about 61 degrees to about 76 degrees. The angling of the second pair of edges 76 relative to the longitudinal centerline X--X ensures a better contouring of the disposable absorbent underpants 10 to the body and provides a -comfortable fit with reduced bunching.

Referring again to Figs. 1 and 2, each of the second pair of leg elastics 74 is positioned within 0.5 inches (about 13 mm) of one of the leg openings, 48 and -50 respectively. Desirably, each of the second pair of leg elastics 74 is positioned within about 0.375 inches (about 9.5 mm) of one of the leg openings, 48 and 50 respectively. More desirably, each of the second pair of leg elastics 74 is positioned within aboutO.25 inches (about 6.5 mm) of one of the leg openings, 48 and 50 respectively, βy "positioned within" it is meant that each of the second pair of leg elastics 74 is located entirely within the specified dimension as measured from the adjacent edge 76.

Referring again to Fig. 1 , each of the second pair of leg -elastics 74 is located along one of the edges 76 and is aligned parallel thereto. Each of the second -pair of leg elastics 74 has a first end 78 located adjacent to or coterminous to one of the distal -edges, 36 and 38 respectively, of the back portions 16 and 24. Desirably, -each of the first ends 78 is spaced slightly inward from one of the two edges 36 and 38. The second pair of leg elastics 74 should extend toward the absorbent pad 52 but the gathered -end of the elastic material should stop short thereof. Each of the second pair of leg elastics 74 terminates at a second end 80. Each of the second ends 80 is located away from the outer periphery of the absorbent pad 52. The exact distance can vary from between about 3 millimeter to about 75 millimeters. Desirably, the distance from the outer periphery of the absorbent pad 52 to one of the second ends 80 is less than about 25 millimeters. As stated above with reference to the first pair of leg elastics 66, the first and second ends, 78 and 60 respectively, of the second pair of leg elastics 74 refer to the gathered end of the .elastic material and not to the actual length of the individual elastic filaments or strands.

The disposable absorbent underpants 10 further includes a third pair of leg elastics 82 secured between the outer cover 12 and the inner liner 20. The third pair of leg elastics 82 is present on the right and left sides of the crotch portion 26 adjacent to the arcuate side edges 84. Each of the third pair of leg elastics 82 is positioned adjacent to one of the pair of leg openings, 48 and 50 respectively, see Fig. 2. The third pair of leg elastics 82 is depicted as being three strands of an elastic material although a fewer or a greater number of strands can be utilized if desired. It has been found that three strands provide adequate elastic strength to form gathers about each of the leg openings 48 and 50. The third pair of leg elastics 82 can be secured at continuous or intermittent sites to outer cover 12 and to the inner liner 20 by an adhesive, by ultrasonic bonding, by heat and/or pressure bonds or by some other means known to those skilled in the art. Materials suitable for forming the third pair of leg elastics 82 include those described above with reference to the first and second pairs of leg elastics, 66 and 74 respectively. Like the first and second pairs of leg elastics, 66 and 74 respectively, the third pair of leg elastics 82 can be in the form of long or short elastic strands, elastic tapes, ribbons, yarns, etc. The third pair of leg elastics 82 can have a cross-sectional configuration that is flat, square, rectangular, circular, oval or some other shape.

Referring to Figs. 1 - 3, each of the third pair of leg elastics 82 is positioned adjacent to one of the third pair of arcuate side edges 84. Each of the arcuate or curved side edges 84 is located adjacent to the outside periphery of the .crotch portion 28. Desirably, each of the third pair of leg elastics 82 is aligned parallel to one of the third -pair of edges 84. Each of the third pair of leg elastics 82 is positioned within 0.5 inches (about 13 mm) from one of the leg openings, 48 and 50 respectively, see Fig. 3. Desirably, _*each of the third pair of leg elastics 82 is positioned within aboutO.375 inches {about -9.¹S mm) from one of the leg openings, 48 and 50 respectively. More desirably, each of the third pair of leg elastics 82 is positioned within about 0.25 inches ^■(about 6.5 mm) from one of the leg openings, 48 and 50 respectively. By "positioned within" it is meant that each of the third pair of leg elastics 82 is located entirely within the specified dimension as measured from the adjacent edge 84.

Referring again to Fig. 1 , each of the third pair of leg elastics 82 is located along one of the arcuate edges 82 and is aligned parallel thereto. Each of the third pair of leg elastics 82 is positioned intermediate one of the first and second pairs of leg elastics, -66 and 74 respectively. Each of the third pair of leg elastics 82 has a first end 86 and a second end 88. As stated above with reference to the first and second pairs of leg elastics, 66 and 74 respectively, the first and second ends, 86 and £8 respectively, of the third pair of leg elastics 82 refer to the gathered end of the elastic material and not to the actual length of the individual elastic filaments or strands.

The first ends 86 of the third pair of leg elastics 82 are separated from the second ends 72 of the first pair of leg elastics 66 by a first pair of gaps 90. The dimension of each of the first pair of gaps 90 is denoted as "D₁." The dimension D₁ -can be at least about 0.125 inches (about 3.2 mm) in length. Desirably, the dimension D₁ is from between about 0.25 inches (about 6.4 mm) to about 9 inches (about 229 mm). More desirably, the dimension D-i is from between about 0.375 inches (about 9.5 mm) to about 5 inches (about 127 mm). Most desirably, the dimension D-i is from between about 0.5 inches ^about 13 mm) to about 2 inches (about 51 mm). The dimension O₁ is measured when the disposable absorbent underpants 10 is in a flat, extended orientation similar to that depicted in Fig. 1. To measure the distance of each of the first pair of gaps 90, denoted as D₁, one should mark the gathered ends 72 and 86 of the first and third pairs of leg elastics 66 and 82 when the disposable absorbent underpants 10 is in a relaxed state. In this state, the disposable absorbent underpants 10 is opened to the 'Configuration shown in Fig. 1. The disposable absorbent underpants 10 is then stretched ΌΓ extended 100% along the longitudinal centerline X-X while still in a flat -configuration. The dimension of each of the first pair of gaps 90 will increase. In this configuration, the first and third pairs of leg elastics, 66 and 82 respectively, will be stretched from their relaxed state and the actual distance between the marks will represent the dimension of the gap "D₁.

Likewise, the second ends 88 of the third pair of leg elastics 82 are separated from the second ends 80 of the second pair of leg elastics 74 by a second pair of .gaps 92. The dimension of each of the second pair of gaps 92 is denoted as "O₂." The dimension of O₂ can be at least about 0.125 inches (about 3.2 mm) in length. Desirably, the dimension O₂ is from between about 0.25 inches (about 6.4 mm) to about -9 inches^about 229 mm). More desirably, the dimension D₂ is from between about 0.375 inches -(about 9.5 mm) to about 5 inches (about 127 mm). Most desirably, the dimension O₂ is from between about 0.5 inches (about 13 mm) to about 2 inches "(about 51 mm). The dimension D₂ is measured when the disposable absorbent underpants 10 is in a flat, extended .orientation similar to that depicted in Fig. 1. To measure the distance of the gap D₂, one should mark the gathered ends 80 and 88 of the second and third pairs of leg elastics 74 and 82 in a relaxed state. The disposable absorbent underpants 10 is then stretched or extended 100% along the longitudinal centerline X-X while still in a flat configuration. The dimension of each of the second pair of gaps 92 will increase. In this <x>nfigu ration, the two pair of leg elastics 74 and 82 will be stretched from their relaxed state and the actual distance between the marks will represent the dimension of the gap O₂.

It should be noted that two pairs of gaps 90 and 92 have been described. However, if one desired to use only one of the two pairs of gaps, 90 and 92, this can be done. One could also insert additional gaps, if desired, without destroying the function of this invention. Desirably, the two pairs of gaps 90 and 92 will be sufficient.

The first and second pairs of gaps, 90 and 92 respectively, ensures that the first, second and third pairs of leg elastics, 66, 74 and 82 respectively, will cooperate together to form gathers 94 and 96 around the first and second leg openings, 48 and 50 respectively, see Fig. 2. The gathers 94 and 96 form a snug fit around the entire circumference of each leg opening 48 and 50. The two pairs of gaps 90 and 92 will prevent the adjacent leg elastics 66, 74 and 82 from overlapping one another and forming bumps and/or humps around the leg openings 48 and 50. By eliminating such bumps and humps, one can prevent the leakage of body fluid through the leg openings 48 and '50. It is very important that fluid leakage from around the leg openings 48 and 50 be eliminated because if such leakage occurs, the usefulness of the disposable absorbent underpants 10 is compromised.

Even though the two pairs of gaps 90 and 92 are present in the-stretohed out, flat orientation shown in Fig. 1 , the contraction force of the first, second and third pairs of leg elastics 66, 74 and 82 will cause the gathers 94 and 96 to form. The force of the leg elastics 66, 74 and 82 adjacent to the gaps 90 and 92 will cause the material forming the outer cover 12 and the inner liner 20 to fit snug against the thighs of the wearer during use. No fluid channels will occur at the locations of the first and second pairs of gaps 90 and 92. This will assure that no body fluid will be able to leak out through these locations (D₁ and D₂) during normal use.

Referring again to Figs. 1 and 2, the disposable absorbent underpants 10 further has waist elastic 98 attached to the front waist portion 28 and waist elastic 100 attached to the back waist portion 34. The waist elastics 98 and 100 can include threads, -strands, ribbons, bands, film, elastic non-wovens or composites. The threads, strands, ribbons, etc. may be a multitude of singular members or they may be applied as a composite. The number of elastic members can range from 1 to over a 100. Desirably, the number of waist elastics 98 and 100 will range from between about 10 to about 40. More desirably, the number of waist elastics 98 and 100 will range from about 15 to about 35. There can be an equal number or a different number of waist elastics 98 in the front waist portion 28 versus the number of waist elastics 100 in the back waist portion 34. The waist elastics 98 and 100 can be individual threads that are spaced apart from one another from between about 0.063 inches (about 1.6 mm) to about 2.0 inches .(about 51 mm). Desirably, the waist elastics 98 and 100 can be individual threads that are spaced apart from one another by about 0.25 inches (about 6.4 mm). While the appearance of the disposable absorbent underpants 10 may be enhanced by the close even spacing of the waist elastics 98 and 100, the exact distance between adjacent waist elastics 98 or 100 can vary.

The waist elastics 98 and 100 may be made from any suitable elastomeric material. One suitable material is LYCRA. LYCRA is a registered trademark of the E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company, having an office at 1002 Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801. Suitable waist elastics 98 and 100 include threads having a decitex (grams/10,000 meters) of from between about 100 to about 1,200. Desirably, the waist elastics 98 and 100 are threads having a decitex of from between about 470 to about 940. More desirably, the waist elastics 98 and 100 are threads having a decitex of from between about 620 to about 740. The waist elastics 98 and 100 can be secured to the outer cover 12 and/or to the inner liner 20 by a hot or cold melt adhesive applied in a variety of spray patterns. One spray pattern that has been used with good success is a swirl pattern. An adhesive that works well is a hot melt adhesive sold as Findley H2096 -by ATO Findley Adhesives, having an office in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. While the invention has been described in conjunction with a specific embodiment, it is to be understood that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the aforegoing description. Accordingly, this invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

We claim:

1. A disposable absorbent underpants for containing body fluid comprising: a) an outer cover having a front portion and a back portion joined together by a crotch portion; b) an inner liner attached to said outer cover, said inner liner having a front portion and a back portion joined together by a crotch portion, said inner liner having a width W₃ at said crotch portion, and said front and back portions of both said outer cover and said inner liner being joined together to form a waist opening and a pair of leg openings; c) an absorbent pad including a liquid permeable cover, a liquid-impermeable baffle and an absorbent layer positioned therebetween, said baffle being secured to said crotch portion of said inner liner, and said absorbent pad having a width W₂ which is less than said width W₃; d) a first pair of leg elastics secured between said outer cover and said inner liner at said front portion, each of said first pair of leg elastics being positioned within 0.5 inches of one of said pair of leg openings; e) a second pair of leg elastics secured between said outer cover and said inner liner at said back portion, each of said second pair of leg elastics being positioned within 0.5 inches of one of said pair of leg openings; f) a third pair of leg elastics secured between said outer cover and said inner liner at said crotch portion, each of said third pair of leg elastics being positioned within 0.5 inches of one of said leg openings intermediate one of each of said first and second pairs of leg elastics, each of said third pair of leg elastics being separated from one of each of said first pair of leg .elastics by a first gap of at least about 0.125 inches and each of said third pair of leg elastics being separated from one of each of said second pair of leg elastics by a second -gap of at least about 0.125 inches, said first, second and third pairs of leg elastics allowing gathers to form about each of said leg openings to prevent leakage of body fluid from said underpants; and g) waist elastic attached between said outer cover and said inner liner at said front and back portions, said waist elastics allowing gathers to form about said waist opening to prevent leakage of body fluid from said underpants.

2. The disposable absorbent underpants of claim 1 wherein each of said first pair of leg elastics is positioned within about 0.375 inches of one of said pair of leg openings.

3. The disposable absorbent underpants of claim 1 wherein each of said second pair of leg elastics is positioned within about 0.375 inches of one of said pair of leg openings.

4. The disposable absorbent underpants of claim 1 wherein «ach of said third pair of leg elastics is positioned within about 0.375 inches of one of said pair of leg openings.

5. The disposable absorbent underpants of claim 1 wherein said underpants has a longitudinal centerline before said front and back portions of said outer .cover and said inner liner are joined together to form a waist opening and a pair of leg openings, and each of said first gaps has a dimension of from between about 0.25 inches to about 9 inches when said underpants are stretched 100% along said longitudinal centerline when said front and back portions are free from one another.

6. The disposable absorbent underpants of claim 5 wherein each of said first gaps has a dimension of from between about 0.375 inches to about 5 inches along said longitudinal centerline when said front and back portions are free from one another.

7. The disposable absorbent underpants of claim 1 wherein said underpants has a longitudinal centerline before said front and back portions of said outer cover and said inner liner are joined together to form a waist opening and a pair of leg openings, and each of said second gaps has a dimension of from between about 0.25 inches to about 9 inches when said underpants are stretched 100% along said longitudinal centerline when said front and back portions are free from one another.

8. The disposable absorbent underpants of claim 7 wherein each of said second gaps has a dimension of from between about 0.375 inches to about 5 inches along -said longitudinal centerline when said front and back portions are free from one another.

9. The disposable absorbent underpants of claim 1 wherein said crotch portion of both said outer cover and said inner liner has arcuate side edges and each of said third pair of leg elastics is aligned parallel to one of said arcuate side edges.

10. A disposable absorbent underpants for containing body fluid comprising: a) an outer cover having a front portion and a back portion joined together -by a crotch portion; b) an inner liner attached to said outer cover, said inner liner having a front portion and a back portion joined together by a crotch portion, said inner liner having a width W₃ at said crotch portion, said front and back portions of said outer cover and said inner liner being joined together to form a waist opening and a pair of leg openings, and said crotch portion of both said outer cover and said inner liner having arcuate side edges; c) an absorbent pad having a capacity for absorbing at least about 100 grams of body fluid, said absorbent pad including a liquid permeable cover, a liquid- impermeable baffle and an absorbent layer positioned therebetween, said -baffle being secured to said crotch portion of said inner liner, and said absorbent pad having a width W₂ which is less than said width W₃; d) a first pair of leg elastics secured between said outer cover and said inner liner at said front portion, each of said first pair of leg elastics being positioned within 0.5 inches of one of said pair of leg openings; e) a second pair of leg elastics secured between said outer cover and said inner liner at said back portion, each of said second pair of leg elastics being positioned within 0.5 inches of one of said pair of leg openings; f) a third pair of leg elastics secured between said outer cover and said inner liner at said crotch portion, each of said third pair of leg elastics being positioned within 0.5 inches of one of said leg openings and each having an arcuate profile parallel to one of said arcuate side edges, each of said third pair of leg elastics being intermediate one of each of said first and second pairs of leg elastics, each of said third pair of leg elastics being separated from one of each of said first pair of leg elastics by a first gap of at least about 0.25 inches and .each of -said third pair of leg elastics being separated from one of each of said second pair of leg elastics by a second gap of at least about 0.25 inches, said first, second and third pairs of leg elastics allowing gathers to form about each of said leg openings to prevent leakage of body fluid from said underpants; and g) waist elastic attached between said outer cover and said inner liner at said front and back portions, said waist elastics allowing gathers to form about said waist opening to prevent leakage of body fluid from said underpants.

11. The disposable absorbent underpants of claim 10 wherein each of said first pair of leg elastics is positioned within about 0.25 inches of one of said pair of leg openings. ⁽

12. The disposable absorbent underpants of claim 10 wherein each of said second pair of leg elastics is positioned within about <0.25 inches of one of said pair of leg openings.

13. The disposable absorbent underpants of claim 10 wherein each of said third pair of leg elastics is positioned within about 0.25 inches of one of said pair of leg openings.

14. The disposable absorbent underpants of claim 10 wherein said underpants has a longitudinal centerline before said front and back portions of said outer cover and said inner liner are joined together to form a waist opening and a pair of leg openings, and each of said first gaps has a dimension of from between about 0.25 inches to about 9 inches when said underpants are stretched 100% along said longitudinal centerline when said front and back portions are free from one another.

15. The disposable absorbent underpants of daim 14 wherein each of said first gaps has a dimension of from between about 0.375 inches to about 5 inches along said longitudinal centerline when said front and back portions ate free from one another.

16. A disposable absorbent underpants for containing body fluid comprising: a) an outer cover having a front portion and a back portion joined -together by a crotch portion; b) an inner liner attached to said outer cover, said inner liner having a front portion and a back portion joined together by a crotch portion, said inner liner having a width W₃ at said crotch portion, said front and back portions of said outer cover and said inner liner being joined together to form a waist opening and a pair of leg openings, and said crotch portion of both said outer cover and said inner liner having arcuate side edges; c) an absorbent pad having a capacity for absorbing at least about 500 grams of body fluid, said absorbent pad including a liquid permeable cover, a liquid- impermeable baffle and an absorbent layer positioned therebetween, said -baffle being secured to said crotch portion of said inner liner by an adhesive, and said absorbent pad having a width W₂ which is less than said width W₃; d) a first pair of leg elastics secured between said outer cover and said inner liner at said front portion, each of said first pair of leg elastics being positioned within about 0.25 inches of one of said pair of leg openings; e) a second pair of leg elastics secured between said outer cover and -said inner liner at said back portion, each of said second pair of leg elastics being -positioned within about 0.25 inches of one of said pair of leg openings; f) a third pair of leg elastics secured between said outer cover and said inner liner at said crotch portion, each of said third pair of leg elastics being positioned within about 0.25 inches of one of said leg openings and each having an arcuate profile parallel to one of said arcuate side edges, each of said third pair of leg elastics being intermediate one of each of said first and second pairs of leg elastics, each of said third pair of leg elastics being separated from one of each of said first -pair of leg elastics by a first gap of at least about 0.25 inches and each of said third pair of leg elastics being separated from one of each of said second pair of ieg elastics by a second gap of at least about 0.25 inches, said first, second and third pairs of leg elastics allowing gathers to form about each of said leg openings to prevent leakage of body fluid from said underpants; and g) waist elastic attached between said outer cover and said inner liner at said front and back portions, said waist elastics allowing gathers to form about said waist opening to prevent leakage of body fluid from said underpants.

17. The disposable absorbent underpants of claim 16 wherein said outer cover and said inner liner are joined together at said front portion and form an edge with a portion of each of said pair of leg openings and each of said pair of first leg elastics is aligned parallel to said edge.

18. The disposable absorbent underpants of claim 16 wherein said outer cover and said inner liner are joined together at said back portion and form an_^edge with a portion of each of said pair of leg openings and each of said second leg -elastics is aligned parallel to said edge.

19. The disposable absorbent underpants of claim 18 wherein said edge is linear and formed at an angle of from between about 45 degrees to about 89 degrees to said longitudinal centerline when said front and back portions are free from one another.

20. The disposable absorbent underpants of claim 18 wherein said baffle is secured to said inner liner by an adhesive.