WO2006018817A2 - Apparatus for the evaluation of rotational x-ray projections - Google Patents
Apparatus for the evaluation of rotational x-ray projections Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006018817A2 WO2006018817A2 PCT/IB2005/052714 IB2005052714W WO2006018817A2 WO 2006018817 A2 WO2006018817 A2 WO 2006018817A2 IB 2005052714 W IB2005052714 W IB 2005052714W WO 2006018817 A2 WO2006018817 A2 WO 2006018817A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ray
- images
- examination apparatus
- projections
- different
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B6/481—Diagnostic techniques involving the use of contrast agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Devices for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computerised tomographs
- A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/40—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4035—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis the source being combined with a filter or grating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/40—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/405—Source units specially adapted to modify characteristics of the beam during the data acquisition process
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/46—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with special arrangements for interfacing with the operator or the patient
- A61B6/461—Displaying means of special interest
- A61B6/463—Displaying means of special interest characterised by displaying multiple images or images and diagnostic data on one display
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/46—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with special arrangements for interfacing with the operator or the patient
- A61B6/461—Displaying means of special interest
- A61B6/466—Displaying means of special interest adapted to display 3D data
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B6/482—Diagnostic techniques involving multiple energy imaging
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/50—Clinical applications
- A61B6/504—Clinical applications involving diagnosis of blood vessels, e.g. by angiography
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4429—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units
- A61B6/4435—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure
- A61B6/4441—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure the rigid structure being a C-arm or U-arm
Definitions
- the invention relates to an examination apparatus with a rotational X-ray device for the generation of X-ray projections of a body volume from a sequence of different directions and to a corresponding method for the generation of three-dimensional images of a body volume.
- an X-ray tube is known with a special design for fast switching of the tube voltage between two or more different levels, wherein said switching allows the generation of X-ray projections with different energy levels of the X-ray quanta. Due to the energy dependent absorption behavior of different materials in a body volume, different structures in the body are represented differently in said X-ray projections. This effect can be used to generate difference images in which certain structures, particularly blood vessels filled with a contrast agent, are represented with a high contrast.
- the examination apparatus comprises the following components: - A rotational X-ray device that is adapted to acquire X-ray projections of a body volume from a (preferably ordered) sequence of different directions, for example in one run of a continuous movement from a (semi-) circle around the object, wherein said projections are generated with a periodically varying energy level of the X-ray quanta.
- a "varying energy level” means, more strictly speaking, that the spectra of the X-rays used to generate the X-ray projections are different, wherein each spectrum can be associated with a characteristic energy level (for example the average or the maximal energy of the spectrum).
- the spectra are for example degenerated to lines with just one energy.
- the energy level may particularly switch back and forth between two values from projection to projection, i.e. having a first value Ei for projections with an odd serial number and a different second value E 2 for projections with an even serial number.
- An image processing device for example a computer, that is adapted to reconstruct at least two three-dimensional (3D) images of the body volume from X-ray projections that were generated by the aforementioned X-ray device from a sequence of different directions, wherein the projections used for the reconstruction of each 3D-image correspond to different energy levels.
- the image processing device is adapted to segment structures of interest, for example blood vessels, based on a comparison of corresponding voxels in the aforementioned 3D-images.
- segmentation denotes in this context the process of classifying or associating picture elements (pixels, voxels) of an image to different objects or classes.
- the described examination apparatus allows to determine and visualize three- dimensionally structures in a body volume that have only a very low contrast in X-ray projections or in a three-dimensional reconstructed volume. This result is achieved by the application of X-radiation with different energy levels in a rotational X-ray apparatus, thus generating series of projections which are suited for the reconstruction of energy dependent 3D-images. Because said 3D-images are obtained from interleaved X-ray projections, the geometries of the represented body volumes are highly identical (and for example do not differ due to body motions of the patient).
- the step of segmentation comprises more than the usual generation of a subtraction image, because segmentation implies the association of voxels with different objects.
- the result of the segmentation procedure may thus be an isolated or binary structure, for example a vessel tree in three dimensions.
- the X-ray device of the examination apparatus may particularly comprise an
- X-ray tube and an X-ray detector that are coupled to a common carrier, for example a C-arm, which can be rotated about an axis or a point.
- X-ray devices of this kind are often already present in conventional X-ray examination laboratories.
- the generation of X-rays with different energy levels may be achieved in different ways, for example by changing filters in the path of a constant radiation.
- the varying energy levels are generated by an X-ray tube of the X-ray device that is adapted to generate X-rays with a periodically varying tube voltage. Higher tube voltages then generate X-ray quanta of higher energy, wherein the desired energy levels and the temporal course of the energy variation can be readily controlled by the tube voltage.
- the tube voltage switches sequentially between two or more discrete voltage levels, i.e. the voltage changes in steps.
- the tube voltage is modulated continuously, for example according to the course of a sinusoidal function (with an offset). Such a continuous modulation has the advantage that its generation may be easier.
- the image processing device may be adapted to reconstruct a three-dimensional image based on all available X-ray projections (i.e. irrespective of the energy level with which they were generated). Such a use of all available data allows the reconstruction of three-dimensional images with higher spatial resolution.
- the high resolution three-dimensional image may optionally be masked with at least one of the low resolution three-dimensional images or with a new data set derived from said two low resolution images (for example on a per-voxel basis), said masking being followed by a subsequent segmentation of the high resolution image.
- the new data set may in the most simple case be the voxel-wise difference between the two low resolution images.
- the new data set may be segmented and adjusted to the higher resolution of the high resolution 3D image and then be used to segment this 3D image.
- the new data set may be adjusted to the higher resolution first, and the segmentation may be based on information taken from the data sets with higher and lower resolution.
- the apparatus furthermore optionally comprises a display unit for the display of reconstructed 3D-images and/or of processing results thereof, for example of the three- dimensional segmented structures.
- the invention further relates to a method for the generation of three- dimensional images of a body volume, the method comprising the following steps: Generating X-ray projections from a sequence of different directions, wherein said projections are generated (preferably interleaved) with a periodically varying energy level of the X-ray quanta, resulting in at least two projection data sets corresponding to different X-ray energies; - Reconstructing at least two three-dimensional images of the body volume from X-ray projections of said data sets that correspond to different energy levels.
- Segmenting structures of interest based on a comparison of corresponding voxels in the 3D-images.
- the method comprises in general form the steps that can be executed with an examination apparatus of the kind described above. Therefore, reference is made to the preceding description for more information on the details, advantages and improvements of that method.
- the X-radiation is generated by an X-ray tube with a continuously modulated tube voltage.
- X-ray projections are preferably adjusted to the structure or the material that are of particular interest and that shall be segmented. It is especially possible to choose at least one energy level of the X-ray quanta above and at least one other energy level below an absorption edge (K-edge) of a contrast agent that is present in the imaged body volume. In this case the X-radiation with the higher energy level will be absorbed by the contrast agent while the radiation with the lower energy level will not, thus yielding a high contrast between the corresponding projections.
- K-edge absorption edge
- Fig. 1 schematically depicts an examination apparatus according to the present invention for the segmentation of blood vessels in a 3D X-ray image of a body volume
- Fig. 2 represents a flow chart of the method according to the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
- a rotational X-ray device 10 comprising an X-ray tube 12 and an X-ray detector 11 is schematically shown.
- the tube 12 and the detector 11 are mechanically coupled and can be rotated along an arc 13 around a patient 1 lying on a table in the centre of the device 10.
- the usual application of such a rotational X-ray device 10 comprises the generation of X-ray projections with X-radiation of a certain spectrum or energy level from different directions along the arc 13, wherein said projections are passed on to an image processing device 20 that is able to reconstruct a 3D-image thereof.
- a contrast agent may be injected into the vessel system of the patient 1 in order to increase the visibility of the vessels on the projections (called "three-dimensional rotational angiography" or 3D-RA).
- a switching of X-ray energies may particularly be achieved by a continuously modulated tube voltage V, wherein an image is for example generated each time the voltage passes a local maximum U 2 or minimum Ui or any voltage chosen in between.
- the image processing device 20 may be a computer comprising usual components like central processing unit, volatile and nonvolatile memory, I/O- interfaces and the like together with appropriate software.
- Figure 1 not these hardware components but a schematic representation of the processing steps executed by the device 20 is shown.
- the image processing device 20 is provided with (at least) one set of projections 41, 42, 43, ... that were generated with X-radiation of a higher energy (high tube voltage U 2 ), and a second set of X-ray projections 31, 32, 33, ... that were generated with X-radiation of the lower energy (lower tube voltage Ui). Both data sets can then be used for the reconstruction of a complete volume 35 and 45 each.
- the 3D-images 35, 45 represent the same geometry. Due to the different energy levels used for the generation of the 3D-images 35, 45, the contrast with which different structures are represented in said 3D-images is however different according to the energy dependent X-ray absorption characteristics. In a further step, these different values of each voxel in the 3D-images 35, 45 are then used to characterize different structures like bone or vessel.
- a structure of interest e.g. a vessel tree, can be segmented in three dimensions to produce the segmentation image 50, wherein the result of said segmentation may optionally be displayed on a monitor 21 coupled to the image processing device 20.
- the whole set of X-ray projections 31-33, 41-43 may optionally be used to reconstruct a combined 3D-image (not shown) with improved radial sampling and high spatial resolution.
- the low-resolution data sets 31-33 and 41-43, respectively, (or any other data set derived thereof, e.g. the 3D-images 35, 45) may then further be used to mask said high resolution 3D-image for a subsequent segmentation.
- Figure 2 additionally shows a flow chart of an examination procedure that can be executed with the examination apparatus described above, wherein the blocks of the chart represent the following steps:
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05774785A EP1788945A2 (en) | 2004-08-18 | 2005-08-17 | Apparatus for the evaluation of rotational x-ray projections |
JP2007526685A JP2008509776A (en) | 2004-08-18 | 2005-08-17 | Apparatus for the evaluation of rotational X-ray projections |
US11/573,577 US20080095303A1 (en) | 2004-08-18 | 2005-08-17 | Apparatus For The Evaluation Of Rotational X-Ray Projections |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04300546 | 2004-08-18 | ||
EP04300546.1 | 2004-08-18 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006018817A2 true WO2006018817A2 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
WO2006018817A3 WO2006018817A3 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
Family
ID=35610198
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2005/052714 WO2006018817A2 (en) | 2004-08-18 | 2005-08-17 | Apparatus for the evaluation of rotational x-ray projections |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080095303A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1788945A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008509776A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101005804A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006018817A2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008000190A (en) * | 2006-06-20 | 2008-01-10 | Toshiba Corp | X-ray diagnostic apparatus and method of processing data in x-ray diagnostic apparatus |
WO2008072175A1 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2008-06-19 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Spectrally resolving x-ray imaging device |
CN101229063B (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2010-12-01 | Ge医疗系统环球技术有限公司 | X-ray computed tomography apparatus |
JP2011515822A (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2011-05-19 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | Fast switching system and method for spectral imaging |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20070121784A1 (en) * | 2005-09-20 | 2007-05-31 | Sectra Mamea Ab | X-ray imaging arrangement |
JP5106978B2 (en) * | 2007-10-15 | 2012-12-26 | ジーイー・メディカル・システムズ・グローバル・テクノロジー・カンパニー・エルエルシー | X-ray CT system |
JP5229865B2 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2013-07-03 | ジーイー・メディカル・システムズ・グローバル・テクノロジー・カンパニー・エルエルシー | X-ray CT system |
CN102119000B (en) * | 2008-08-08 | 2013-08-07 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Voltage modulated x-ray tube |
US8611489B2 (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2013-12-17 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Spectral imaging |
ES2659090T3 (en) | 2009-03-20 | 2018-03-13 | Orthoscan Incorporated | Mobile image capture device |
DE102009053664A1 (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2011-05-19 | Ziehm Imaging Gmbh | Method for the empirical determination of a correction function for the correction of radiation hardening and stray radiation effects in projection radiography and in computed tomography |
KR20110055870A (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2011-05-26 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method and apparatus for estimating energy response function of energy resolving x-ray detector |
US9423341B1 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2016-08-23 | Oceanit Laboratories, Inc. | Daytime infrared imaging of satellites |
US9125611B2 (en) | 2010-12-13 | 2015-09-08 | Orthoscan, Inc. | Mobile fluoroscopic imaging system |
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US4361901A (en) | 1980-11-18 | 1982-11-30 | General Electric Company | Multiple voltage x-ray switching system |
Family Cites Families (9)
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US3974386A (en) * | 1974-07-12 | 1976-08-10 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Differential X-ray method and apparatus |
US4686695A (en) * | 1979-02-05 | 1987-08-11 | Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Scanned x-ray selective imaging system |
US4903202A (en) * | 1988-08-04 | 1990-02-20 | General Electric Company | Three-dimensional object removal via connectivity |
US6424732B1 (en) * | 1998-12-01 | 2002-07-23 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Object segregation in images |
FR2799028B1 (en) * | 1999-09-27 | 2002-05-03 | Ge Medical Syst Sa | METHOD FOR RECONSTRUCTING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE OF ELEMENTS OF STRONG CONTRAST |
US7346381B2 (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2008-03-18 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company Llc | Method and apparatus for medical intervention procedure planning |
US6658080B1 (en) * | 2002-08-05 | 2003-12-02 | Voxar Limited | Displaying image data using automatic presets |
US6898263B2 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2005-05-24 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | Method and apparatus for soft-tissue volume visualization |
CN100453046C (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2009-01-21 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Computer tomography method for a periodically moving object |
-
2005
- 2005-08-17 JP JP2007526685A patent/JP2008509776A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-08-17 CN CNA2005800283601A patent/CN101005804A/en active Pending
- 2005-08-17 WO PCT/IB2005/052714 patent/WO2006018817A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-08-17 US US11/573,577 patent/US20080095303A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-17 EP EP05774785A patent/EP1788945A2/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4361901A (en) | 1980-11-18 | 1982-11-30 | General Electric Company | Multiple voltage x-ray switching system |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008000190A (en) * | 2006-06-20 | 2008-01-10 | Toshiba Corp | X-ray diagnostic apparatus and method of processing data in x-ray diagnostic apparatus |
WO2008072175A1 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2008-06-19 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Spectrally resolving x-ray imaging device |
US20100008558A1 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2010-01-14 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N. V. | Spectrally resolving x-ray imaging device |
US8515147B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2013-08-20 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Spectrally resolving X-ray imaging device |
JP2013208486A (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2013-10-10 | Koninkl Philips Nv | Spectrally resolving x-ray imaging device |
CN101229063B (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2010-12-01 | Ge医疗系统环球技术有限公司 | X-ray computed tomography apparatus |
JP2011515822A (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2011-05-19 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | Fast switching system and method for spectral imaging |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20080095303A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
JP2008509776A (en) | 2008-04-03 |
WO2006018817A3 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
CN101005804A (en) | 2007-07-25 |
EP1788945A2 (en) | 2007-05-30 |
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