WO2005124792A1 - Anti-corrosion additive for electrical cable restoration fluids - Google Patents
Anti-corrosion additive for electrical cable restoration fluids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005124792A1 WO2005124792A1 PCT/US2005/020267 US2005020267W WO2005124792A1 WO 2005124792 A1 WO2005124792 A1 WO 2005124792A1 US 2005020267 W US2005020267 W US 2005020267W WO 2005124792 A1 WO2005124792 A1 WO 2005124792A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bis
- tetrasulfide
- disulfide
- mixtures
- alkoxysilanes
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
- H01B7/282—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
- H01B7/282—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable
- H01B7/285—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable by completely or partially filling interstices in the cable
- H01B7/288—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable by completely or partially filling interstices in the cable using hygroscopic material or material swelling in the presence of liquid
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/14—Extreme weather resilient electric power supply systems, e.g. strengthening power lines or underground power cables
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improved method of restoring polyolefin insulated stranded conductor distribution cable which has significant deterioration in its performance due to electrical and/or water treeing of its insulation.
- a major problem associated with buried electrical distribution cable is its tendency over time to fail due to the progressive degradation of its insulation.
- the degradation of polymeric insulations in many cases can be correlated to the development and growth of water tree structures in the material. These water tree structures have been studied extensively. Their development is known to occur when water present inside the insulation material is exposed to an electric field. Water trees grow in size over time usually spanning on the order of years. As they grow, they reduce the overall efficacy of the insulation.
- the cable is restored by filling the tree voids with a material that will react with the water in those voids and form a polymerized product which will keep water from penetrating into those voids.
- the tree retardant fluid is supplied to the interstices of the conductor cable until a sufficient portion of the fluid is absorbed by the polyolefin insulation of the distribution cable to effectively act as an anti- treeing agent.
- the tree retardant fluid will react with the water in the tree voids, and condenses to form a polysiloxane material of sufficient viscosity that it will not exude from the polyolefin material as rapidly as other materials such as acetophenone or unhydrolyzed silanes. After polymerization to a higher viscosity in the insulation material, the tree retardant becomes less mobile, and is less able to exude from the cable. This increases the durability of the treeing retardancy imparted to the cable.
- the silanes comprising the tree retardant organosilicon fluid supplied to the interstices of the distribution cable are known as anti-treeing additives for polyolefin insulation.
- the silanes serve two purposes; (i) to act as anti-treeing additives by condensing with the water found in the micro voids of the already formed trees to form a condensed i polysiloxane which retards further water entry into the tree void; and (ii) to provide an additional supply of tree retardant liquid in the conductor voids, which prevents the spread of the water along the conductor.
- silanes which are typically used as restoration fluids include a single silane or a mixture of silanes, among which are aromatic functional alkoxysilanes, alkylalkoxysilanes, amino functional alkoxysilanes, epoxy functional alkoxysilanes, fluoro functional alkoxysilanes, vinyl functional alkoxysilanes, and methacrylate functional alkoxysilanes.
- aromatic functional alkoxysilanes are phenylmethyldimethoxysilane, diphenyldimethoxysilane, benzylmethyldimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyldimethylmethoxysilane, diphenylmethylmethoxysilane, phenylmethyldiethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, diphenyldiethoxysilane, methyl ⁇ - phenethyl)dimethoxysilane, p-tolylmethyldimethoxysilane, and mixtures thereof.
- alkylalkoxysilanes are dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, isobutyltriethoxysilane, isobutyltrimethoxysilane, n-octyltriethoxysilane, n-octyltrimethoxysilane, trimethylmethoxysilane, trimethylethoxysilane, and mixtures thereof.
- amino functional alkoxysilanes are aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3 -aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-2-(benzylamino)-ethyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 4-aminobutyltriethoxysilane, and mixtures thereof.
- fluoro functional alkoxysilanes are trifluoropropylmethyldimethoxysilane, trifluoroacetoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, p-trifluoromethyltetrafluorophenyltriethoxysilane, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane, and mixtures thereof.
- vinyl functional alkoxysilanes are vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, vinylmethyldiethoxysilane, vinylmethyldimethoxysilane, vinylphenyldiethoxysilane, vinylphenylmethylmethoxysilane, hexenylmethyldimethoxysilane, and mixtures thereof.
- methacrylate functional alkoxysilanes are methacryloxymethyldimethylethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloxymethyltriethoxysilane, methacryloxymethyltrimethoxysilane, methacryloxypropyldimethylmethoxysilane, and mixtures thereof.
- alkoxysilanes are generally representative of the preferred compositions, if desired, other types of alkoxysilanes can also be used, such as bis-2-(dimethoxydimethylsilyl)ethylbenzene, poly(oxyethylene)methyldimethoxysilane, 2-cyanoethyltriethoxysilane, 3 -cyanopropyldimethoxysilane, n-(3 -propyltrimethoxysilyl)benzylimine, and N-methyl- N-(3-propyltrimethoxysilyl)acrylamide.
- bis-2-(dimethoxydimethylsilyl)ethylbenzene poly(oxyethylene)methyldimethoxysilane
- 2-cyanoethyltriethoxysilane 3 -cyanopropyldimethoxysilane
- n-(3 -propyltrimethoxysilyl)benzylimine and N-methyl- N-(3-
- the organosilicon fluid should be capable of curing in the presence of atmospheric moisture to a gel having a viscosity of at least about 100 centistokes at 25 °C within 2,000 hours of being subjected to atmospheric moisture.
- the most preferred combination of silanes should be that combination which allows the fastest absorption of the anti-treeing silanes, such that they allow for the most time effective restoration of tree aged cables, while still providing a gel which slows the exudation rate of the tree retardant from the cable insulation.
- the mixture of silanes generally includes a hydrolysis condensation catalyst in order to increase the viscosity of the fluid, to provide a more effective moisture barrier within the interstices of the distribution cable should moisture penetrate the insulation.
- the amount of catalyst employed should allow the fluid to permeate the insulation before forming a more viscous fluid in the polyolefin insulation material that will not easily exude from the cable insulation. Formation of the more viscous fluid in the polyolefin insulation controls the rate at which the anti-treeing agent will exude from the insulation, and will effectively prolong the treated life of the insulation.
- the catalyst is employed in amounts between 0.05 and 5 grams per 100 grams of the fluid.
- Catalysts typically used include organic metal compounds like the carboxylic acid salts of metals such as tin, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, and lead, or organometallic compounds of titanium or zirconium.
- Specific catalyst types include alkyl titanates, acyl titanates, and the corresponding zirconates.
- Some preferred compounds include tetraisopropyltitanate, tetrabutyltitanate, dibutyltindiacetate, dibutyltindilaurate, dibutyltindioctoate, stannous octoate, dimethyltinneodeconoate, di-N-octyltin-S,S- isooctylmercaptoacetate, dibutyltin-S,S-dimethylmercaptoacetate, or diethyltin-S,S- dibutylmercaptoacetate .
- the insulation material of cables which are restored generally comprise polyolefins including solid polymers of olefins, particularly alpha-olefins, which comprise from about two to six carbon atoms.
- Some examples include crosslinkable and noncrosslinkable polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polyisobutylene, and poly-(4-methyl pentene).
- Copolymers of ethylene and other compounds interpolymerizable with ethylene such as butene-1, pentene- 1, propylene, and styrene, are also common.
- olefin- vinyl copolymers include ethylene- vinyl acetate, ethylene-vinyl propionate, ethylene- vinyl isobutyrate, ethylene-vinyl alcohol, ethylene-methyl acrylate, ethylene-ethyl acrylate, and ethylene-ethyl methacrylate.
- olefin-allyl copolymers include ethylene- allyl benzene, ethylene-allyl ether, and ethyleneacrolein.
- a reservoir of the fluid can be pressurized, forcing the fluid through the cable.
- Some common additional steps that can occur are the inclusion of a preliminary step of introducing a desiccant gas such as nitrogen or a desiccant fluid such as isopropanol through the cable in order to purge the cable of water moisture.
- the restoration fluid can boil at the liquid to solid surface interface.
- Some alkoxysilanes such as trimethylmethoxysilane, have low boiling points, which may allow the restoration fluid to boil at normal operating temperatures of the cable.
- This boiling action can disrupt and wear away the protective aluminum oxide layer on the aluminum strands in the cable. After this oxide layer is disrupted, corrosion agents can react with the aluminum to produce other corrosion products. The boiling action will continue to wash away the corrosion products leading to continued corrosion of the aluminum. This corrosion may at times lead to cable failure.
- the invention herein relates to a method of restoring electrical distribution cables that have lowered performance due to treeing by (i) supplying the interstices of stranded aluminum conductor portions of such cables with a restoration fluid comprising an alkoxysilane or mixture of alkoxysilanes selected from aromatic functional alkoxysilanes, alkylalkoxysilanes, amino functional alkoxysilanes, epoxy functional alkoxysilanes, fluoro functional alkoxysilanes, vinyl functional alkoxysilanes, and methacrylate functional alkoxysilanes; and (ii) adding a sulfidosilane, a mercapto functional alkoxysilane, a phosphonated silane, or mixtures thereof, to the restoration fluid to improve the corrosion resistance of the aluminum, as it comes into contact with corrosive agents at elevated temperatures.
- a restoration fluid comprising an alkoxysilane or mixture of alkoxysilanes selected from aromatic functional alkoxy
- composition for improving the corrosion resistance of electrical distribution cables which is a combination of (i) an alkoxysilane or mixture of alkoxysilanes selected from aromatic functional alkoxysilanes, alkylalkoxysilanes, amino functional alkoxysilanes, epoxy functional alkoxysilanes, fluoro functional alkoxysilanes, vinyl functional alkoxysilanes, or methacrylate functional alkoxysilanes; and (ii) a sulfidosilane, a mercapto functional alkoxysilane, a phosphonated silane, or mixtures thereof.
- composition can contain varying amounts of the restoration fluid, and varying amounts of the sulfidosilane, mercapto functional alkoxysilane, phosphonated silane, or their mixture
- the composition it is preferred that the composition contain 50-99 percent by weight of the restoration fluid, and 1-50 percent by weight of the sulfidosilane, mercapto functional alkoxysilane, phosphonated silane, or their mixture, alternatively 65-95 percent by weight of the restoration fluid, and 5-35 percent by weight of the sulfidosilane, mercapto functional alkoxysilane, phosphonated silane, or their mixture.
- sulfur containing organosilicon compounds i.e., sulf ⁇ dosilanes
- sulf ⁇ dosilanes are known in the art, and are described in US Patent 6,384,255 (May 7, 2002); US Patent 6,384,256 (May 7, 2002); US Patent 6,448,426 (September 10, 2002); and US Patent 6,534,668 (March 18, 2003), which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the term sulfidosilane is used in the sense of describing compositions having bis- type molecular constructions.
- Such sulfur containing organosilicon compounds have the formula: (RO) 3 . m R m Si-Alk-S n -Alk-SiR m (OR) 3 . m wherein R is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon of 1-12 carbon atoms; Alk is a divalent hydrocarbon of 1-18 carbon atoms; m is an integer of 0 to 2, and n is a number from
- the preferred sulfur containing organosilicon compounds in accordance with the present invention are the 3,3'-bis(trialkoxysilylpropyl) polysulfides.
- the most preferred compounds are 3,3'-bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide (referred to as TPD) and
- TPT 3,3'-bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide
- the disulfidosilane TPD has a composition generally corresponding to the formula (C2H5O)3Si(CH2)3-S x -(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3.
- x indicates an average sulfur chain length of about 2.2.
- the tetrasulfidosilane TPT has a composition that also generally corresponds to the formula (C2H5O)3Si(CH2)3-S x -(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3.
- x indicates an average sulfur chain length of about 3.75.
- additional sulfur containing organosilicon compounds which may be used in accordance with the present invention include mercapto functional alkoxysilanes such as mercaptomethylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3 -mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3 -mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, mercaptotrimethoxysilane, and mixtures thereof.
- silylalkyl esters of phosphorous i.e., phosphonated silanes
- phosphorous i.e., phosphonated silanes
- a preferred monomeric silylalkyl phosphonate is (trimethoxysilylpropyl)methylmethylphosphonate (referred to as TMP), and a method for its preparation is set forth in Example 2 of the '641 patent.
- the phosphonated silane TMP has a composition generally corresponding to the formula:
- This restoration fluid comprises a mixture consisting of about 70 percent by weight of phenylmethyldimethoxysilane, i.e., C6H5CH3Si(OCH3)2, about 30 percent by weight of trimethylmethoxysilane, i.e., (013)3 Si(OCH3), an( ⁇ mmor amounts of tetraisopropyltitanate which functions as a hydrolysis and condensation catalyst, and a blue dye. It is shown in Table 1 as RF.
- the treatment fluid used in the examples was one of (i) bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide shown in Table 1 as TPD, (ii) bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide shown in Table 1 as TPT, and (iii) (trimethoxysilylpropyl)methylmethylphosphonate shown in Table 1 as TMP.
- TPD bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide
- TPT bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide
- TMP trimethoxysilylpropylmethylmethylphosphonate
- TMP trimethoxysilylpropylmethylmethylphosphonate
- Benz ovens were used to heat the silane mixtures and to expose the silanes and corrosion agent to aluminum. A corrosion agent was added to cause corrosion of the aluminum.
- the Benz oven used included 275 milliliter test tubes that fit into slots in the oven. Water-cooled condensers were placed on top of the tubes to limit the evaporation of the fluids. 150 milliliter of the silane mixture and 10 milliliter of a corrosion agent were added to the tube. 30 strands of aluminum that were about 2 inches long that had been removed from an aged electrical cable, were weighed on an analytical balance, and placed in the tube. The tube was placed in the oven and heated to 70 °C for 10 days. The testing was performed in triplicate. After the 10 days, the tubes were removed. The aluminum strands were separated from the fluid and any corrosion products.
- the aluminum strands were cleaned with nitric acid after rinsing the strands with water.
- the procedure in ASTM Gl for removing corrosion from aluminum was used throughout the procedure.
- the strands were rinsed with acetone and allowed to dry. The weight after the test was compared to the weight before the test, to arrive at the milligrams of corrosion/day.
- the aluminum strands were rinsed with isopropanol and then acetone, and then weighed and not cleaned with nitric acid.
- Table 2 shows that the addition of the sulfidosilane and the phosphonated silane reduces corrosion from levels of 153 milligram per day and 132 milligram per day, to respective levels much less than the Comparative Examples, depending on the amount of the silanes that is added.
- Table 3 The results of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) or Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) are shown in Table 3. The values shown in Table 3 are the average of four values collected at four locations along the aluminum strand.
- a silane layer on the aluminum in the Comparative Example that was exposed to the RF fluid was apparently relatively weak, as the corrosion was extremely high.
- the sulfidosilane and the phosphonated silane also formed a layer on the aluminum surface (2- 1,2-3), as sulfur and phosphorous were present on the surface of the aluminum, but were not present in the Comparative Example.
- Table 3 verifies that the sulfidosilane and the phosphonated silane actually deposited sulfur and phosphorous respectively on the aluminum strand.
- the silane films were not disrupted with the boiling action of the fluids , since the sulfur and phosphorus were present on the aluminum surface, and the corrosion of the aluminum was less than the RF fluid.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Silicon Polymers (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2005800188537A CN1965377B (en) | 2004-06-09 | 2005-06-07 | Anti-corrosion additive for electrical cable restoration fluids |
JP2007527719A JP4885857B2 (en) | 2004-06-09 | 2005-06-07 | Anticorrosive additive for electrical cable repair liquid |
US11/597,671 US7794782B2 (en) | 2004-06-09 | 2005-06-07 | Phosphonate and sulfido silane anti-corrosion additive for electrical cable restoration fluid |
EP05758475A EP1769512A1 (en) | 2004-06-09 | 2005-06-07 | Anti-corrosion additive for electrical cable restoration fluids |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US57818504P | 2004-06-09 | 2004-06-09 | |
US60/578,185 | 2004-06-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005124792A1 true WO2005124792A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
Family
ID=34978766
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2005/020267 WO2005124792A1 (en) | 2004-06-09 | 2005-06-07 | Anti-corrosion additive for electrical cable restoration fluids |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7794782B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1769512A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4885857B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1965377B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005124792A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006136003A1 (en) * | 2005-04-20 | 2006-12-28 | Laboratoires Mauves Inc. | Organic silicic acids complex for therapeutic and cosmetic applications |
WO2008088618A1 (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2008-07-24 | Utilx Corporation | Composition and method for restoring an electrical cable and inhibiting corrosion in the aluminum conductor core |
US20210035704A1 (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2021-02-04 | Novinium, Inc. | Silane functional stabilizers for extending long-term electrical power cable performance |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101866706B (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-08-31 | 四川大学 | Cross-linked polyethylene power cable nano repairing liquid and repairing method thereof |
JP2012248310A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2012-12-13 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Twisted pair wire using a stranded conductor with humidity resistance and twisted pair cable |
CN111718582A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-09-29 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Aluminum core power cable repair liquid, preparation method, repair device and repair method |
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EP0274101A2 (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1988-07-13 | Dow Corning Corporation | Restoring stranded conductor electrical distribution cable |
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2005
- 2005-06-07 EP EP05758475A patent/EP1769512A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-06-07 JP JP2007527719A patent/JP4885857B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-07 US US11/597,671 patent/US7794782B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-07 WO PCT/US2005/020267 patent/WO2005124792A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-06-07 CN CN2005800188537A patent/CN1965377B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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WO2008088618A1 (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2008-07-24 | Utilx Corporation | Composition and method for restoring an electrical cable and inhibiting corrosion in the aluminum conductor core |
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JP2010516034A (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2010-05-13 | ユーティルエックス コーポレイション | Compositions and methods for repairing power cables and inhibiting corrosion of their aluminum conductor cores |
US7777131B2 (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2010-08-17 | Utilx Corporation | Composition and method for restoring an electrical cable and inhibiting corrosion in the aluminum conductor core |
EP2107951A4 (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2011-06-08 | Utilx Corp | Composition and method for restoring an electrical cable and inhibiting corrosion in the aluminum conductor core |
US20210035704A1 (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2021-02-04 | Novinium, Inc. | Silane functional stabilizers for extending long-term electrical power cable performance |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7794782B2 (en) | 2010-09-14 |
EP1769512A1 (en) | 2007-04-04 |
JP2008504668A (en) | 2008-02-14 |
US20070235700A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
JP4885857B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
CN1965377B (en) | 2010-12-22 |
CN1965377A (en) | 2007-05-16 |
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