WO2005113542A2 - N-cyclic sulfonamido inhibitors of gamma secretase - Google Patents

N-cyclic sulfonamido inhibitors of gamma secretase Download PDF

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WO2005113542A2
WO2005113542A2 PCT/US2005/017985 US2005017985W WO2005113542A2 WO 2005113542 A2 WO2005113542 A2 WO 2005113542A2 US 2005017985 W US2005017985 W US 2005017985W WO 2005113542 A2 WO2005113542 A2 WO 2005113542A2
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alkyl
benzenesulfonyl
chloro
independently
phenyl
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PCT/US2005/017985
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French (fr)
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WO2005113542A3 (en
WO2005113542B1 (en
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Martin L. Neitzel
Jennifer L. Marugg
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Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
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Priority to CA002567343A priority Critical patent/CA2567343A1/en
Priority to EP05754201A priority patent/EP1758884A2/en
Priority to JP2007527530A priority patent/JP2007538106A/en
Publication of WO2005113542A2 publication Critical patent/WO2005113542A2/en
Publication of WO2005113542A3 publication Critical patent/WO2005113542A3/en
Publication of WO2005113542B1 publication Critical patent/WO2005113542B1/en

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    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
    • C07D209/30—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
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    • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
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    • C07D217/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D235/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D241/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings
    • C07D241/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D241/50—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems with hetero atoms directly attached to ring nitrogen atoms
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    • C07D243/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D243/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the nitrogen atoms in positions 1 and 4
    • C07D243/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the nitrogen atoms in positions 1 and 4 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D243/14—1,4-Benzodiazepines; Hydrogenated 1,4-benzodiazepines
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    • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
    • C07D263/52—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D263/54—Benzoxazoles; Hydrogenated benzoxazoles
    • C07D263/56—Benzoxazoles; Hydrogenated benzoxazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached in position 2
    • C07D263/57—Aryl or substituted aryl radicals
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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    • C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
    • C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D277/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D277/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D491/10—Spiro-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to N-cyclic sulfonamido compounds which inhibit gamma secretase and ⁇ -amyloid peptide release and/or its synthesis. Therefore, the N-cyclic sulfonamido compounds are useful in the prevention of cognitive disorders in patients susceptible to cognitive disorders and/or in the treatment of patients with cognitive disorders in order to inhibit further deterioration in their condition.
  • AD Alzheimer's Disease
  • AD is a degenerative brain disorder characterized clinically by progressive loss of memory, cognition, reasoning, judgment and emotional stability that gradually leads to profound mental deterioration and ultimately death.
  • AD is a very common cause of progressive mental failure (dementia) in aged humans and is believed to represent the fourth most common medical cause of death in the United States.
  • AD has been observed in races and ethnic groups worldwide and presents a major present and future public health problem. The disease is currently estimated to affect about two to three million individuals in the United States alone. AD is at present incurable. No treatment that effectively prevents AD or reverses its symptoms and course is currently known.
  • the brains of individuals with AD exhibit characteristic lesions termed senile (or amyloid) plaques, amyloid angiopathy (amyloid deposits in blood vessels) and neurofibrillary tangles.
  • senile or amyloid
  • amyloid angiopathy amyloid deposits in blood vessels
  • neurofibrillary tangles Large numbers of these lesions, particularly amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, are generally found in several areas of the human brain important for memory and cognitive function in patients with AD. Smaller numbers of these lesions in a more restrictive anatomical distribution are also found in the brains of most aged humans who do not have clinical AD.
  • Amyloid plaques and amyloid angiopathy also characterize the brains of individuals with Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome) and Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of the Dutch Type (HCH A-D).
  • a definitive diagnosis of AD usually requires observing the aforementioned lesions in the brain tissue of patients who have died with the disease or, rarely, in small biopsied samples of brain tissue taken during an invasive neurosurgical procedure.
  • amyloid angiopathy amyloid angiopathy characteristic of AD and the other disorders mentioned above is an approximately 4.2 kilodalton (kD) protein of about 39-43 amino acids designated the ⁇ - amyloid peptide ( ⁇ AP) or sometimes AJ3, A ⁇ P or ⁇ /A4.
  • ⁇ AP ⁇ - amyloid peptide
  • AJ3, A ⁇ P or ⁇ /A4 ⁇ - amyloid peptide
  • ⁇ -amyloid peptide is a small fragment of a much larger precursor protein termed the amyloid precursor protein (APP), that is normally produced by cells in many tissues of various animals, including humans.
  • APP amyloid precursor protein
  • Knowledge of the structure of the gene encoding APP has demonstrated that ⁇ -amyloid peptide arises as a peptide fragment that is cleaved from APP by protease enzyme(s).
  • APP gene are the specific molecular cause of AD in the affected members of such families.
  • a mutation at aniino acid 693 of the 770-amino acid isoform of APP has been identified as the cause of the ⁇ -amyloid peptide deposition disease, HCHWA-D, and a change from alanine to glycine at amino acid 692 appears to cause a phenotype that resembles AD is some patients but HCHWA-D in others.
  • the discovery of these and other mutations in APP in genetically based cases of AD prove that alteration of APP metabolism, and subsequent deposition of its ⁇ -amyloid peptide fragment, can cause AD.
  • the treatment methods would advantageously be based on drugs which are capable of inhibiting ⁇ -amyloid peptide release and/or its synthesis in vivo.
  • One approach toward inhibiting amyloid peptide synthesis in vivo is by inhibiting gamma secretase, the enzyme responsible for the carboxy-terminal cleavage resulting in production of ⁇ -amyloid peptide fragments of 40 or 42 residues in length.
  • the immediate substrates for gamma secretase are ⁇ -cleaved, as well as ⁇ -cleaved carboxy-terminal fragments (CTF) of APP.
  • CTF carboxy-terminal fragments
  • the gamma-secretase cleavage site on ⁇ - and ⁇ -CTF fragments occurs in the predicted transmembrane domain of APP.
  • Inhibitors of gamma-secretase have been demonstrated to effect amyloid pathology in transgenic mouse models (Dovey, H. F., V. John, J. P. Anderson, L. Z. Chen, P. de Saint Andrieu, L. Y. Fang, S. B. Freedman, B.
  • Gamma secretase is recognized to be a multi-subunit complex comprised of the presenilins (PS1 or PS2), Nicastrin, Aph-1, and Pen 2 (De Strooper, B. (2003). "Aph-1, Pen- 2, and Nicastrin with Presenilin generate an active gamma-Secretase complex.” Neuron 38(1): 9-12; Edbauer, D., E. Winkler, J. T. Regula, B.
  • PS comprises the catalytic moiety of the complex, while the other identified subunits are necessary for proper maturation and sub-cellular localization of the active enzyme complex (reviewed in De Strooper, B. (2003). "Aph-1, Pen-2, and Nicastrin with Presenilin generate an active gamma-Secretase complex.” Neuron 38(1): 9-12.) Consistent with this hypothesis: PS knock-out mice exhibit significant reductions in ⁇ -amyloid production (De Strooper, B., P. Saftig, K. Craessaerts, H. Vanderstichele, G. Guhde, W. Annaert, K. Von Figura and F. Van Leuven (1998).
  • Notch 1 protein is important for cell fate determination during development, and tissue homeostasis in the adult.
  • Notch ecto-domain Upon ligand engagement via the Notch ecto-domain, Notch undergoes sequential extra-cellular and infra- membrane processing analogous to APP.
  • the infra-membrane processing of Notch mediated by gamma secretase leads to release of the Notch infracellular domain (NICD).
  • NBD Notch infracellular domain
  • the NICD fragment mediates Notch signaling via franslocation to the nucleus, where it regulates expression of genes mediating cellular differentiation in many tissues during development, as well as in the adult.
  • Disruption of Notch signaling via genetic knock-out (KO) results in embryonic lethal phenotype in mice (Swiatek, P. J., C. E. Lindsell, F. F. del Amo, G. Weinmaster and T. Gridley (1994). "Notchl is essential for postimplantation development in rnice.” Genes Dev 8(6): 707-19; Conlon, R. A., A. G. Reaume and J. Rossant (1995).
  • Notchl is required for the coordinate segmentation of somites. Development 121(5): 1533-45.
  • the Notch KO phenotype is very similar to the phenotype observed PS1 KO mice, and precisely reproduced by PS1/PS2 double KO mice (De Sfrooper et al. (1998). "Deficiency of presenilin- 1 inhibits the normal cleavage of amyloid precursor protein.” Nature 391(6665): 387-90; Donoviel, D. B., A. K. Hadjantonakis, M. Ikeda, H. Zheng, P. S. Hyslop and A. Bernstein (1999).
  • the invention provides compounds of Formula I: or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein
  • A-ring is selected from 1,2,3,4-tefrahydroisoquinolmyl, 1,2,3,4-tefrahydroquinolinyl, 1,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinoxalinyl, 1,2-dihydroqumolinyl, l,3,4,6,7,8-Hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[l,2- ⁇ ]pyrimidinyl, l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-onyl, 1,4,7-trioxa-lO-azacyclododecanyl, 1 ,4-diazepanyl, 1 H-naphtho [ 1 ,2- ]imidazolyl, 3 ,4-dihydro-2H- 1 ,4-benzoxazinyl, azepanyl, decahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, indolinyl, octahydro
  • W is CR 9 or nitrogen;
  • X is sulfur, SO 2 , SO, or oxygen;
  • Y is sulfur, SO 2 , SO, oxygen or NR ;
  • m is 1 or 2;
  • n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 8;
  • Ri at each occurrence is independently OH, H, CN, oxo, halo, C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, C ⁇ -C 6 alkoxy, - C(O)R n , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, -C(O)R 28 , -C(O)R 26 , -C(O)R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 27 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 28 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl- C(O)NR 9 R 10 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-C(O)OR n , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-NR 9 C(O)OR 1 ⁇ , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 26 , C 0 -C 6
  • R and R 3 are independently H, oxo, -C(O)OR ⁇ , mono- or di-( -C 6 alkyl)amino, halo, -C6 alkyl, d-C 6 alkoxy, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, -C(O)R 28 , -C(O)R 26 , -C(O)R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-C(O)OR u , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-C(O)NR 9 R 10 , Co-C ⁇ alkyl-R 26 , Co-C 6 alkyl-R 27 , or Co-C ⁇ alkyl-R 28 , wherein the alkyl groups are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 groups that are independently -Cg al
  • R ⁇ is chloro, fluoro, iodo, NO 2 , CF 3 , OCF 3 or CN;
  • R 9 and R 10 are independently H, C C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 26 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 2 6, C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 27 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 28 ; or R and Rio together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form pyrrolidinyl, morpholino or piperidinyl;
  • R ⁇ is H, Cj-C ⁇ alkyl, C ⁇ -C 6 cycloalkyl, C -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , C 0 -C 6 alky
  • R15 is C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, d-C 6 alkoxy, hydroxy-C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, Cj-C 6 alkyl-O-(hydroxy-d-C 6 alkyl), C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, -C(O)R 28 , -C(O)R 26 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl- R 26 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 28 , -CO-N(R 9 ) 2 , -C(O)R 27 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-C(O)R 28 , -0(0)0 ⁇ , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 26 , or Co-C 6 alkyl-R 7 , wherein the alkyl groups are optionally substituted with 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 groups that are independently C[-C 6
  • R 2 ⁇ and R 22 are independently H, C C 6 alkyl, C ⁇ -C 6 alkoxy, Ci-C ⁇ alkyl-C ⁇ . -Ce alkoxy, - C(0)OR ⁇ , -C(O)NR 9 R 10 , hydroxy d-Ce alkyl, C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 28 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 27 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-NR 9 R 26 , or -C(O)-O-C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 26 ;
  • R 23 is OH, CN, oxo, NH 2 , mono- or di-(d-C 6 alkyl)amino, halo, C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, C ⁇ -C 6 alkoxy, d-C 6 alkyl-NR 9 R 26 , d-C 6 alkyl-O-d-C 6 alkyl, -C(O)R ⁇ -
  • R 2 at each occurrence is independently OH, H, CN, halo, d-C 6 alkyl, C ⁇ -C 6 alkoxy, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, -C(O)R 26 , -C(O)R 27 , -C(O)-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , -C(O)R ⁇ , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-C(O)NR 9 R ⁇ 0 , -C(O)OR u , Co- alkyl-NRpC ⁇ OR ⁇ , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 26 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 27 , or C 0 -C6 alkyl-R 2 s, wherein the alkyl portions of each of the above are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or
  • R 30 is OH, H, oxo, CN, NH 2 , mono- or di-(C ⁇ -d alkyl)amino, halo, d-d alkyl, C 2 -d alkenyl, -C(O)-R 28 , -C(O)R 26 , -C(O)R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , d-C 6 alkoxy, C 0 -C 6 alkyl-C(O)OR n , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-C(O)NR 9 R 10 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 26 , d-d alkyl-R 27 , or - alkyl-R 2 s, wherein the alkyl groups are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 groups that are independently d-d alky
  • R 26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently C C 6 alkyl, d-C 6 alkoxy, halo, OH, CF 3 , -OCF 3 , NO 2 , NH 2 , - C(O)N(R 9 ) 2 , -NR 9 C(O)N(R 9 ) 2 , -NR 9 C(O)OR 9 , mono- or di-(C 1 -C 6 alkyl)amino, or CN;
  • R 2 is pyridinyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, l,3-dihydro-2-oxo-benzoimidazol-l-yl, or benzoimidazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1, 2,
  • R 28 is pyrrolidinyl, morpholino or piperidinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 groups that are independently d-C 6 alkyl, Ci-d alkoxy, hydroxy-d-C 2 alkyl, halo, OH, CF 3 , -OCF 3 , NO 2 , NH 2 , -C(O)N(R 9 ) 2 , -NR 9 C(O)N(R 9 ) 2 , -NR 9 C(O)OR 9 , mono- or di-(C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl)amino, or CN.
  • the compounds of Formula I inhibit ⁇ -amyloid peptide release and/or its synthesis and, therefore, are useful in the prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in patients susceptible to AD and/or in the treatment of patients with AD in order to inhibit further deterioration in their condition.
  • the invention also, encompasses pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of Formula I, and methods employing such compounds or compositions in the treatment of cognitive diseases, including Alzheimer's disease.
  • the invention also provides a method of treating a patient who has, or in preventing a patient from getting, a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, for helping prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease, for treating patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and preventing or delaying the onset of Alzheimer's disease in those who would progress from MCI to AD, for treating Down's syndrome, for treating humans who have Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of the Dutch- Type, for treating cerebral amyloid angiopathy and preventing its potential consequences, i.e.
  • a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, for helping prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease, for treating patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and preventing or delaying the onset of Alzheimer's disease in those who would progress from MCI to AD, for treating Down's syndrome, for treating humans who have Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of the Dutch- Type
  • the invention provides methods of preparing the compounds of interest, as well as intermediates useful in preparing the compounds of interest.
  • the invention provides for compounds according to Formula I.
  • the invention provides compounds of Formula I having the structure
  • Ri at each occurrence is independently OH, H, CN, oxo, halo, Ci- alkyl, C 2 -d alkenyl, - C(O)R 28 , -C(O)R 26 , -C(O)R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 28 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 26 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 27 , -C(O)R ⁇ , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-C(O)NR 9 R 10 , - C(O)ORn, or Co-C alkyl-NR 9 C(O)OR ⁇ , wherein each of the alkyl groups is optionally substituted with one or two groups that are independently OH or phenyl; R 2 and R 3 are
  • R 26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently d-C 6 alkyl, C C 6 alkoxy, halo, OH, CF 3 , -OCF 3 , NO 2 , NH 2 , - C(O)N(R 9 ) 2 , -NR 9 C(O)N(R 9 ) 2 , -NR 9 C(O)OR 9 , mono- or di-(d-C 6 alkyl)amino, or CN;
  • R 7 is pyridinyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, l,3-d ydro-2-oxo-benzoimidazol-l-yl, or benzoimidazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1, 2,
  • R 28 is pyrrolidinyl, mo holino or piperidinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 groups that are independently d-d alkyl, d-C 6 alkoxy, hydroxy-d-C 2 alkyl, halo, OH, CF 3 , -OCF 3 , NO 2 , NH 2 , -C(O)N(R 9 ) 2 , -NR 9 C(O)N(R 9 ) 2 , -NR 9 C(O)OR 9 , mono- or di-(d-C 6 alkyl)amino, or CN.
  • the invention provides compounds of Formula I having the structure
  • Ri at each occurrence is independently OH, H, CN, oxo, halo, d- alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, - C(O)R 28 , -C(O)R 26 , -C(O)R 27 , d-d alkenyl-R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 28 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 26 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 27 , -C(O)R n , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-C(O)NR 9 R 10 , - C(O)OR 11; or C 0 -C 4 alkyl-NR C(O)OR ⁇ , wherein each of the alkyl groups is optionally substituted with
  • R 2 and R 3 are independently H, C 0 -C 6 alkyl-C(O)NR 9 R 10 , C 0 -d alkyl-C(O)OR ⁇ , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, -C(O)R 28 , -C(O)R 26 , -C(O)R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 26 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 27 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 28 or d-C 6 alkyl, wherein the alkyl group is optionally substituted with OH; R 4 , R 5 , R 7 and Rg are independently H or fluoro;
  • R and R 10 are independently H, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 2 , C -C 6 alkenyl-R 2 g, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 27 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 26 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 28 or C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl;
  • R ⁇ is H, d-d alkenyl, C 2 -d alkenyl-R 7 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl -R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , Co-C 6 alkyl- R 27 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 26 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 28 or C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl;
  • R 26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently
  • the invention provides compounds according to either embodiment 2 or 2 A, wherein at least one of Ri, R 5 , R ⁇ R 7 , and Rg is H, and R and R 3 are independently H, R 27 , or C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl optionally substituted with OH.
  • R l5 R 5 , R 4 , R 7 , and R 8 are H.
  • R 2 is H and R 3 is H, R 7 , or C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl optionally substituted with OH.
  • R 3 is C ⁇ -C 4 -alkyl, wherein the C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is methyl or ethyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 3 wherein R 3 is d-C 4 alkyl substituted with OH. In one aspect, R 3 is hydroxymethyl. In embodiment 5, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 3 wherein R is R 2 .
  • R 2 is pyridinyl, l,3-dmydro-2-oxo-benzoimidazol-l-yl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, or benzoimidazolyl.
  • R 3 is pyridinyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, or furanyl. More preferably, R 3 is pyridinyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 3 wherein R 2 and R 3 are independently C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl. In one aspect, R 2 and R 3 are independently Ci-d alkyl. In another aspect, R 2 and R 3 are methyl. In yet another aspect, the carbon atom to which one of the methyl groups is attached is in the R-configuration. In still another aspect, the carbon atom to which the other methyl group is attached is in the S-configuration. In embodiment 7, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 3 wherein R 2 and R 3 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 2 or 2A, wherein at least one of R 4 , R 5 , R % , R , R 2 , and R 3 is H, n is 1 or 2, and R ⁇ is OH, halo, or C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl optionally substituted with OH.
  • the invention provides compounds of embodiment 8 wherein R 4 ,
  • R 5 , R 8 , R 7 , R 2 , and R 3 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 9, wherein Ri is d-C 6 alkyl optionally substituted with OH.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 10, wherein n is 1 or 2, and each Ri is independently methyl or propyl .
  • R ⁇ is methyl or propyl.
  • Ri is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
  • the invention provides compounds of embodiment 3, wherein R 2 , R 3 are independently H, or Ci- alkyl; and z is 2.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 10, wherein R t is hydroxymethyl or hydroxyethyl.
  • Ri is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 9 wherein Ri is halo.
  • R ⁇ is bromo.
  • R t is bromo and is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 9 wherein Ri is OH.
  • Ri is OH and is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 2 or 2A, wherein at least one of Ri, R 5 , Rs, and R 7 are H, R 2 and R 3 are independently H, C(O)NR 9 R 10 , or -C(O)OR n , n is 1, and Ri is -C(O)OR n , d-C 4 alkyl-NR 9 C(O)OR ⁇ , or - C(O)NR 9 R 10 .
  • the invention provides compounds of embodiment 15 wherein R , R 3 , R t , R 5 , R 7 , and R 8 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 16 wherein R t is -C(O)OR ⁇ .
  • R ⁇ is H or C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
  • R ⁇ is H.
  • Ri is -C(O)-OH and is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 17 wherein R ⁇ is Ci — C 4 alkyl.
  • R ⁇ is -C 2 H 5 .
  • Ri is - C(O)OCH 2 H 5 and is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 16 wherein Ri is d-C 4 alkyl-NR 9 C(O)OR ⁇ .
  • R and R ⁇ are independently H or d-C 4 alkyl.
  • R 9 is H and R is d-C 4 alkyl.
  • R 9 is H and R is tert-butyl.
  • Ri is -C 2 H -NHC(O)O-tert-butyl and is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 16 wherein Ri is -C(O)NR R ⁇ o.
  • R 9 and Rio are independently d-C 4 alkyl or H.
  • R 9 and Rio are C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl. In yet another aspect, R 9 and Rio are -C2H 5 . In still another aspect, Rj is -C(O)N(C 2 H 5 ) 2 and is attached to the piperidyl ring as
  • the invention provides for compounds according to embodiment 15, wherein at least one of R 4 , R 5 , Rg, and R are H, R 2 and R 3 are independently C(O)NR 9 R ⁇ o or -C(O)OR n .
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 20a wherein R 4 , R 5 , R , and R 8 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 20b wherein one of R 2 and R 3 is C(O)NR R 10 and the other -C(O)OR ⁇ -
  • R 2 is the same as R 3 .
  • R 9 , Rio and R ⁇ are independently H or C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl.
  • R 9 , Rio and R ⁇ are H.
  • R 9 , R ⁇ and R ⁇ are C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 2 or 2 A, wherein at least one of R 4 , R 5 , Rs, R 7 , R , and R 3 is H, n is 1, and Ri is R 27 , or Co-C 4 alkyl-piperidinyl wherein the piperidinyl portion is optionally substituted with hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 alkyl, or Ri is d-C 4 alkyl-R 26 wherein the alkyl portion is optionally substituted with phenyl and OH, and R 26 is phenyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 21 wherein Rt, R 5 , Rg, R , R 2 , and R 3 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 22 wherein Ri is d-C 4 alkyl-piperidinyl wherein the piperidinyl portion is substituted with hydroxy-Ci-C 4 alkyl.
  • R t is piperidinyl or (hydroxyethyl)-piperidinylpropyl.
  • Ri is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 22 wherein Ri is d-C 4 alkyl-phenyl wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with phenyl and OH.
  • Ri is phenyl, benzyl or 1,1-diphenyl-l -hydroxymethyl.
  • Ri is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
  • R ⁇ is R 27 .
  • Ri is pyridinyl, l,3-dmydro-2-oxo-benzoimidazol- 1-yl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, or benzoimidazolyl.
  • Ri is l,3-dihydro-2-oxo-benzoimidazol-l-yl.
  • Ri is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 2 or 2 A, wherein at least one of R , R 5 , R S , R 7 , R 2 , and R 3 is H, n is 2, and Ri at each occurrence is independently OH, CN, oxo, -C(O)R ⁇ , -C(O)OR ⁇ , -C(O)NR 9 R ⁇ o, C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, or C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 26 wherein R 26 is phenyl optionally substituted with halo.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 26 wherein R 4 , R 5 , Rg, R 7 , R , and R 3 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 27 wherein one Ri is OH and the other Ri is d-C 4 alkyl-R 26 .
  • R 26 is phenyl optionally substituted with chloro or fluoro.
  • R 6 is phenyl substituted with chloro.
  • Ri is phenyl or 4-chlorophenyl.
  • Ri is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 27 wherein one Ri is phenyl and the other Ri is CN, -C(O)R ⁇ , or d-d alkyl. In one aspect, both Ri groups are attached to the same carbon atom. In another aspect, the other Ri is d-C 6 alkyl. In yet another aspect, the other Ri is methyl. In still another aspect, Ri is attached to the piperidinyl ring as In embodiment 30, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 29 wherein the other Ri is -C(O)R ⁇ . In one aspect, R ⁇ is H or C ⁇ -C 4 -alkyl. In another aspect, R ⁇ is C ⁇ -C 4 -alkyl. In yet another aspect, R ⁇ is methyl. In still another aspect, Ri is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 29 wherein the other Ri is CN.
  • Ri is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 27 wherein one Ri is oxo.
  • the other Rj is -C(O)OR ⁇ .
  • R ⁇ is H or C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl.
  • R ⁇ is Ci-C 4 -alkyl.
  • R n is ethyl.
  • Ri is oxo and the other Ri is -C(O)O-C 2 Hs. ⁇
  • both Ri are attached to the piperidinyl ring as
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 27 wherein one Ri is oxo.
  • the other Ri is -C(O)NR 9 Rio.
  • R 9 and R 10 are independently H or d-C 4 alkyl.
  • R 9 is d-C 4 -alkyl and Rio is H.
  • R 9 is ethyl.
  • Ri is oxo and the other Ri is - C(O)NH-C 2 H 5 .
  • both Ri are attached to the piperidinyl ring as
  • the invention provides compounds according to Formula I having the-siructure
  • Ri, R 5 , R 7 and Rg are independently H or fluoro;
  • R ⁇ is C1-C4 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 2 g, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , d-d alkyl-R 27 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 28 or C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 26 ;
  • R 9 is H, Ci-d alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or d-d alkyl-R 26 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 27 , C 0 -C 6
  • R ⁇ 4 is H or Ci- alkyl
  • R15 is Ci-C 4 alkyl, hydroxy-d-C 4 alkyl, -CO-N(R 9 ) 2 , Ci-C 4 alkyl-O-(hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 alkyl), - C(O)R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, -C(O)R 28 , -C(O)R 26 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 28 , C 2 - C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 28 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-C(O)R 28 , -C(O)OR ⁇ , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 26 , C 0 - C 4 alkyl-R 27 , wherein the alkyl groups are optionally substituted with one or more groups that are independently phenyl or methyl; R 26 is phenyl which is
  • R 28 is pyrrolidinyl, morpholino or piperidinyl which is optionally substituted with one or more groups that are independently C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl, C ⁇ -C 4 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, CF 3 , -OCF 3 , NO 2 , NH 2 , mono- or di-(C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl)amino.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 33 wherein any one of R 4 , R 5 , Rg, R 7 , and R 14 is H, and R 15 is d-C 2 alkyl-phenyl wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with methyl or phenyl, wherein the phenyl portion is optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from d-C alkyl, halo, d-C alkoxy, CF 3 , or CN.
  • the invention provides compounds of embodiment 34 wherein R 4 , R 5 , Rg, R 7 , and R ⁇ 4 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 35 wherein R 15 is C ⁇ -C 2 alkyl-phenyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with halo.
  • R 15 is phenethyl or benzyl.
  • R 15 is benzyl.
  • the benzyl is substituted on the phenyl portion with chloro.
  • R 15 is 4-chlorobenzyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 35 wherein R 15 is d-C 2 alkyl-phenyl wherein the alkyl portion is substituted with methyl or phenyl.
  • R 15 is -CH 2 -phenyl, wherein the -CH 2 - group is substituted with methyl or phenyl.
  • R 15 is
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 35 wherein R 15 is phenyl substituted with one or two groups that are independently chloro, fluoro, methoxy, methyl, CN, or CF 3 .
  • R 15 is substituted with one or two chloro groups.
  • 15 is 4-chlorophenyl or 3-chlorophenyl.
  • R15 is 3,4-dichorophenyl or 3,5-dichlorophenyl.
  • R 15 is 2-methoxyphenyl.
  • R 15 is 4-fluorophenyl.
  • R 15 is 3-trifluoromethylphenyl.
  • R 15 is 2-cyanophenyl.
  • R1 5 is substituted with one or two methyl groups.
  • R 15 is
  • R 15 is 2,3-dimethylphenyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 33 wherein at least one of R 4 , R 5 , Rs, and R is H, R ⁇ 4 is methyl, and R 15 is C 0 -C 2 alkyl-phenyl wherein phenyl portion is optionally substituted with C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C ⁇ -C 4 alkoxy.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 39 wherein R 4 , R 5 , Rg, and R 7 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 40 wherein R ⁇ 5 is phenyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 40 wherein R ⁇ 5 phenyl substituted with d-C 4 alkyl or d-C 4 alkoxy.
  • R 15 is phenyl substituted with d-C 4 alkyl.
  • Ris is phenyl substituted with methyl.
  • R 15 is 4-methylphenyl or 3-methylphenyl.
  • R 15 is phenyl substituted with C 1 -C 4 alkoxy.
  • R 15 is phenyl is substituted with methoxy.
  • R ⁇ 5 is 4-methoxyphenyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 33 wherein at least one of i, R 5 , Rg, R 7 , and R ⁇ 4 is H, and R ⁇ 5 is C 0 -C 2 alkyl-R 27 , wherein R 27 is benzodioxolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridinyl or quinolinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with CF 3 .
  • the invention provides compounds of embodiment 43 wherein R ⁇ R 5 , Rs, R 7 , and R ⁇ 4 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 44 wherein R 15 is pyrimidinyl or pyridinyl.
  • R 15 is pyrimidin-2-yl, pyridin-4-yl or pyridin-2-yl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 44 wherein R1 5 -CH 2 -R 2 .
  • R 15 is benzodioxolylmethyl.
  • the benzodioxolylmethyl is attached to the piperazinyl ring as
  • the invention provides compounds of embodiment 44 wherem R 15 is R 27 substituted with CF 3 .
  • R 15 is frifluoromethylpyridinyl or trifluoromethylquinolinyl.
  • R 15 is 5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl or 2- trifluoromethylquinolin-4-yl .
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 33 wherein at least one of R 4 , R 5 , Rg, R , and R ⁇ 4 is H, and R 15 is -C(O)-R 27 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-C(O)- pyrrolidinyl, or -C(O)-ORn.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 48 wherein Rj, R 5 , Rg, R 7 , and R 14 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 49 wherein R 15 is -C(O)-OR ⁇ .
  • R ⁇ is C 2 -C 4 alkyl or benzyl.
  • R ⁇ is C 2 -C 4 alkyl. In yet another aspect, R ⁇ is -tert-butyl or ethyl. In still another aspect,
  • R ⁇ is benzyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 49 wherein R 15 is -C(O)-R 27 .
  • R 27 is pyridinyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, or furanyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 49 wherem R 15 is C 0 -C 4 alkyl-C(O)-pyrrolidinyl. In one aspect, R 15 is -CH 2 -C(O)-pyrrolidinyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 33, wherein at least one of R 4 , R 5 , Rg, R 7 , and Rj 4 is H, and R 15 is hydroxy-C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl, C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl-O-(hydroxy-d-C alkyl), or C1-C 4 alkyl.
  • the invention provides compounds of embodiment 53 wherein R4, R 5 , Rg, R 7 , and R 14 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 54 wherein R 15 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl. In one aspect, R 15 is ethyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 54 wherein R 15 is hydroxy-C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl.
  • R ⁇ 5 is hydroxyethyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 54 wherein R 15 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl-O- ⁇ rydroxy-Ci-d alkyl).
  • R 15 is - FLj-O- FLOH.
  • the invention provides compounds according to Formula I having the structure
  • Rt, R 5 , R 7 and R 8 are H or fluoro
  • R ⁇ , Rio and R 9 are independently H or C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl
  • Ri 6 and R 17 are independently H, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, -C(O)-R 28 , -C(O)R 26 , -C(O)R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , -C(O)NR 9 R ⁇ 0 , -C(O)OR u , C 0 -C 4 alkyl- R 26 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 27 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 28 , or C 0 -C 4 alkyl-C(O)-OR ⁇ 1 ;
  • Ris is C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl or oxo
  • R 26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with one or two groups that are independently d-d alkyl, d-C 4 alkoxy, halo, CN, or CF 3 ;
  • R 27 is pyridinyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, or furanyl, each of which is optionally substituted with CF 3 ; and R 28 is pyrrolidinyl, morpholino or piperidinyl which is optionally substituted with one or more groups that are independently d-C 4 alkyl, d-C 4 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, CF 3 , -OCF , NO 2 , NH , mono- or di-(Cj-C 6 alkyl)amino.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 57 wherein at least one of R 4 , R 5 , Rg, R 7 , R ⁇ 6 , and R ⁇ 7 is H, and Ri is C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 58 wherein R 4 , R 5 , Rg, R 7 , R ⁇ 6 , and R ⁇ 7 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 59 wherein R ⁇ 8 is methyl.
  • the atom to which the methyl is attached is in the R-configuration.
  • the atom to which the methyl is attached is in the S- configuration.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 57 wherein at least any one of t , R 5 , R 8 , R 7 , and R ⁇ 6 is H, R ⁇ 8 is oxo, and R ⁇ is Co-Cj alkyl- C(O)-ORdin.
  • the invention provides compounds of embodiment 61 wherein R 4 ,
  • R 5 , Rg, R 7 , and R 16 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 62 wherein R ⁇ is H or d-C alkyl. In one aspect, R ⁇ is -C 2 H 5 .
  • the invention provides compounds according to Formula I having the structure
  • X is sulfur, SO 2 , SO, or oxygen
  • Ri at each occurrence is independently H, d-C 4 alkyl, or d-C 4 alkoxy;
  • R t , R 5 , R 7 and Rg are independently H or fluoro;
  • R 9 , Rio and R ⁇ are independently H or C ⁇ -C 4 -alkyl;
  • R 19 and R 20 are independently H, d-C 4 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, -C(O)R 26 , -C(O)R 27 , -C(O)-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , -C(O)NR 9 R 10 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 26 , C 0 - C alkyl-R 27 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 28 , or C 0 -C 4 alkyl-C(O)-OR ⁇ , or Ci-C 4 alkoxy; R 26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with one or two groups that are independently C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl, C C 4 alkoxy, halo, CN, or CF 3 ; R 2 is pyridinyl, diazolyl
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 64 wherein at least one of R 4 , R 5 , R 8 , R 7 , R ⁇ 9 , and R 2 o is H, X is oxygen, and Ri is H or C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 65 wherein R 4 , R 5 , Rg, R , R ⁇ 9 , and R 20 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 66 wherein Ri is C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl. In one aspect, Ri is methyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 66 wherein Ri is H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 64 wherein at least one of Ri, R 4 , R 5 , Rg, R 7 , R 19 , and R 2 o is H, and X is sulfur.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 69 wherein R l5 R 4 , R 5 , Rs, R 7 , R 19 , and R o are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 64 wherein at least one of Ri, R t , R 5 , Rs, R 7 , R 1 , and R 2 o is H, and X is S0 2 .
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 71 wherein R ls R t , R 5 , Rs, R , R ⁇ 9 , and R 2 o are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 64 wherein at least one of R 1; R t , R 5 , Rs, R , R ⁇ , and R 2 o is H, and X is SO.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 73 wherein Ri, t , R 5 , Rg, R 7 , R 19 , and R 2 o are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to Formula I having the structure or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R-i, R 5 , R 7 and Rg are independently H of fluoro; R 23 is OH, or -NR 9 C(O)OR ⁇ ; R 9 and R ⁇ are independently H or C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 75 wherein at least one of R 4 , R 5 , Rg, and R 7 is H, and R 23 is OH.
  • P ⁇ , R 5 , Rg, and R are H.
  • the atom to which the OH group is attached is in the S- configuration.
  • the atom to which the OH group is attached is in the R- configuration.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 75 wherein at least one of Ri, R 5 , Rs, and R 7 is H, and R 23 is -NR 9 -C(O)OR ⁇ .
  • R 4 , R 5 , Rg, and R 7 are H.
  • R 9 and R ⁇ are independently H or C1-C 4 alkyl.
  • R is H and R ⁇ is tert-butyl.
  • the atom to which R 23 is attached is in the S -configuration.
  • the atom to which R 2 is attached is in the R-configuration.
  • the invention provides compounds according to Formula I having the structure
  • R t , R 5 , R and Rg are independently H or fluoro
  • R 24 is H or C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl
  • R25 is C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R g, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 ,
  • C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 28 C 0 -C 4 alkyl-NH-phenyl, -C(O)O-C 0 -C 4 alkyl-phenyl, C 0 -C 4 alkyl- mo ⁇ holinyl, Co-C 4 alkyl-pyrrolidinyl, or Co-C 4 alkyl-phenyl wherem the alkyl portion is optionally substituted with phenyl and OH;
  • R 26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with one or two groups that are independently C 1 -C4 alkyl, C C 4 alkoxy, halo, CN, or CF 3 ;
  • R 27 is pyridinyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, or furanyl, each of which is optionally substituted with
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 78 wherein at least any one of R 4 , R 5 , Rg, and R 7 is H, R 24 and R 25 are independently H or C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 79 wherein i, R 5 , Rg, and R are H.
  • R 24 and R 25 are C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl.
  • R 24 and R 25 are methyl.
  • the atom to which R 24 is attached is in the S-configuration while the atom to which R 25 is attached is in the R-configuration.
  • the atom to which R 24 is attached is in the R-configuration while the atom to which R 25 is attached is in the S-configuration.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 78 wherein at least one of Rt, R 5 , Rs, R 7 , and R 24 is H, and R 25 is C 0 -C 4 alkyl-NH-phenyl, d-C 4 alkyl-pyrrolidinyl, -C(O)O-Co-C 4 alkyl-phenyl, or d-C 4 alkyl-phenyl wherein the alkyl is substituted with phenyl and OH.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 81 wherein i, R 5 , Rs, R , and R 24 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 82 wherein R 25 is d-C 4 alkyl-NH-phenyl. In one aspect, R 25 is -CH 2- NH-phenyl. In another aspect, the atom to which R 25 is attached is in the R-configuration. In yet another aspect, the atom to which R 25 is attached is in the S-configuration.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 82 wherein R 25 is C 0 -C 4 alkyl-pyrrolidinyl. In one aspect, R 5 is -CH 2 -pyrrolidinyl.
  • the atom to which R 25 is attached is in the S-configuration. In yet another aspect, the atom to which R 5 is attached is in the R-configuration. In embodiment 85, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 82 wherein R 25 is -C(O)O-d-C 4 alkyl-phenyl. In one aspect, R 5 is -C(O)-OCH 2 -phenyl. In another aspect, the atom to which R 5 is attached is in the S-configuration. In yet another aspect, the atom to which R 25 is attached is in the R-configuration.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 82 wherein R 25 is d-C 4 alkyl-phenyl wherein the alkyl portion is substituted with phenyl and OH. In one aspect, R 25 is -C(OH)(phenyl) . In another aspect, the atom to which R 5 is attached is in the S-configuration. In yet another aspect, R 25 is attached is in the R- configuration. In embodiment 87, the invention provides compounds according to Formula I having the structure
  • Y is sulfur, SO 2 , SO, oxygen, or NR 9 ;
  • m is 1 or 2;
  • Ri is H, oxo or Ci-d-alkyl; Ri, R ⁇ , R ⁇ and Rg are independently H or fluoro;
  • R 9 , Rio and Rn are independently H, C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl, C -C 6 cycloalkyl, or - alkyl-R 26 ;
  • R 30 is H, oxo, C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, -C(O)-R 28 , -C(O)R 26 , -C(O)R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 27 , d-d alkenyl-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , -C(O)NR 9 R 10 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 26 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 27 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 28 , or C 0 -C 4 alkyl-C(O)-OR ⁇ ;
  • R 20 is H, C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, -C(O)-R 28 , -C(O)R 26 , -C(O)R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 27 , C 2 - C 6 alkenyl-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , -C(O)NR 9 R 10 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 2 6, d-C alkyl-R 27 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 28 , or C 0 -d alkyl-C(O)-OR ⁇ i ;
  • R 26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with one or two groups that are independently OH, Ci- alkyl, or C ⁇ -C alkoxy;
  • R is pyridinyl, diazolyl, friazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, or furanyl, each of which is optionally substituted with CF 3 ;
  • R 28 is pyrrolidinyl, mo ⁇ holino or piperidinyl which is optionally substituted with one or more groups that are independently C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl, C ⁇ -C 4 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, CF 3 , -OCF 3 , NO 2 , NH 2 , mono- or di-(C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl)amino.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 87 wherein at least one of Ri, R 5 , Rs, and R 7 is H, Y is NH, m is 2, Ri and R 3 o are oxo, and R 2 o is phenyl optionally substituted with C ⁇ -C alkyl or OH.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 88 wherein R 4 , R 5 , Rs, and R 7 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 89 wherein at least one R 2 o is phenyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 89 wherein one R 2 o is phenyl and the other is phenyl substituted with C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl or OH.
  • the other R 2 o is phenyl substituted with the d-C 4 alkyl. In another aspect, the other R 2 o is phenyl substituted with methyl. In still another aspect, the other R 2 o is 4-methylphenyl. In still another aspect, the other R 2 o is phenyl substituted with the OH. In still another aspect, the other R 2 o is 3-hydroxyphenyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 87 wherein at least one of R 4 , R 5 , Rs, R 7 , R l5 and R 3 o is H, Y is oxygen, m is 2, and R 2 o is d-C 4 alkyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 92 wherein R 4 , R 5 , Rs, R 7 , R l5 and R 19 are H. In one aspect, R 2 o is methyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 87 wherein at least one of R l5 R 5 , t, Rs, and R is H, Y is sulfur, m is 1, R 3 o is R 26 wherein R 26 is phenyl substituted with two groups that are d-C 4 alkoxy, and R 2 o is -C(O)NR 9 Rio-
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 94 wherein Ri, R 4 , R 5 , Rs, and R 7 are H.
  • the carbon atom to which R 2 o is attached is in the R-configuration. In another aspect, the carbon atom to which R 2 o is attached is in the S-configuration.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 95 wherein R 3 o is dimethoxyphenyl. In one aspect, R 3 o is 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 96 wherein R 9 is H and Rio is C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl-phenyl. In one aspect, R 10 is benzyl. In another aspect, Rio is phenyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 96 wherein R 9 is H and Rio is d-C 4 alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl. In one aspect, Rio is butyl or sec- butyl. In another aspect, Rio is cyclohexyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 87 wherein at least one of R t , R 5 , Rg, R 7 , R l5 R 2 o, and R 30 is H, and Y is sulfur.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 99 wherein Rt, R?. Rs, R 7 , R l3 R 2 o, and R 30 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to Formula I having the structure
  • R t , R 5 , R 7 and R 8 are independently H or fluoro;
  • R 9 , RJ O and R ⁇ are independently H or C ⁇ -C 4 -alkyl;
  • R1 9 and R 20 are independently H, Ci-C alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, -C(O)R 26 , -C(O)R 27 , -C(O)-R 28 , C 2 -d alkenyl-R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , -C(O)OH, C 0 -C 6 alkyl-C(O)NR 9 R ⁇ o, C 0 -C 4 a!kyI-R 26 , C 0 -C alkyI-R 27 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 28 , or C 0 -C alkyl- C(O)-OR ⁇ ; R 26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with one or two groups that are independently OH or halo; R 27 is pyridinyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl
  • R 28 is pyrrolidinyl, mo ⁇ holino or piperidinyl which is optionally substituted with one or more groups that are independently C ⁇ -C alkyl, C C 4 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, CF 3 , -OCF 3 , NO 2 , NH 2 , mono- or di-(C C 6 alkyI)amino.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 101 wherein at least one of R t , R 5 , Rs, and R 7 is H, R 9 is H or halo, R 20 is H or -C(O)OH, and R ⁇ is H, C ⁇ -C alkyl, or R 26 , wherein R 6 is phenyl substituted with chloro and OH.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 102 wherein R4, R5, Rs, and R 7 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 103 wherein R 29 is halo, R 2 o is -C(O)-OH, and R 19 is H.
  • R 9 is iodo.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 103 wherein R 29 is halo, R 2 o is H, and R ⁇ 9 is C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl. In one aspect, R 29 is bromo. In another aspect, R 19 is methyl. In embodiment 106, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 103 wherein R 29 and R 2 o are H, and R 19 is phenyl substituted with chloro and OH. In one aspect, R 19 is 2-hydroxy-5-chloro-phenyl. In embodiment 107, the invention provides compounds according to Formula I having any of the following structures
  • R 29 is H, d- alkyl, or d-C 6 alkoxy;
  • R t , R 5 , R 7 and Rs are independently H or fluoro; and
  • R 9 , R ⁇ and R ⁇ are independently H, C ⁇ -C 4 -alkyl, or - alkyl-R 26 ;
  • R 30 and R 20 are independently H, d-d alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, -C(O)-R 28 , -C(O)R 26 , -C(O)R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , C ⁇ -C 6 alkoxy, -C(O)NR 9 R ⁇ o, C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 26 , C 0 -d alkyl-R 27 , C 0 -C 4 alkyl-R 28 ,
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 107 wherein at least one of R 4 , R 5 , Rs, R 7 and R 29 is H, m is 1, and R 3 o and R o are independently H or Ci-C alkyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 108 wherein R 4 , R 5 , Rs, R 7 and R 29 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 109 wherein R 3 o and R 2 o are d-C 4 alkyl. In one aspect, R 20 and R 3 o are methyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 109 wherein R 30 and R 2 o are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 107 wherein at least one of R 29 , R 5 , R 4 , Rs, R , R 3 o, and R 2 o is H, and m is 2.
  • R 29 , R 5 , Rt, Rs, R7, R30, and R 20 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to any one of embodiments 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, or 112 with the following core:
  • the invention provides compounds according to any one of embodiments 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, or 112 with the following core:
  • the invention provides compounds of embodiment 112B, wherein R 30 is C(O)NR 9 R ⁇ o, where R 9 and Rio are independently H, Ci-C 4 -alkyl, or -d alkyl-R 26 .
  • R 9 is H or methyl.
  • R is H and Rio is -CH 2 -R 26 .
  • the invention provides compounds according to any one of embodiments 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, or 112 with the following core:
  • the invention provides compounds according to Formula I having the structure or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein n is 0, or an interger from 1 to 3; m is 1 or 2; Ri is H, Ci-C ⁇ alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, -C(O)R 28 , -C(O)R 26 , -C(O)R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 27 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 28 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-R 26 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 27 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl-R 28 , C 0 -C 6 alkyl- C(O)NR 9 R ⁇ o, Co-C 6 alkyl-C(O)OR ⁇ , C ⁇ -C 6 alkoxy, or C 0 -C 4 alkyl-phenyl; R 4 , R 5 , R and R 8 are independently H or fluoro;
  • R 26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with one or two groups that are independently Ci-d alkyl, C C 4 alkoxy, halo, CN, or CF 3 ;
  • R 27 is pyridinyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, or furanyl, each of which is optionally substituted with CF 3 ; and R 28 is pyrrolidinyl, mo ⁇ holino or piperidinyl which is optionally substituted with one or more groups that are independently d-C 4 alkyl, C ⁇ -C 4 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, CF 3 , -OCF 3 , NO 2 , NH 2 , mono- or di-(C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl)amino.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 113 wherein at least one of R 4 , R 5 , Rs and R 7 is H, m and n are 1, and Ri is d-C 4 alkyl-phenyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 114 wherein R 4 , R 5 , Rs and R 7 are H.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 115 wherein Ri is phenyl.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 113 wherein at least one of R l5 R 5 , R t , Rs, and R 7 is H, and m is 2.
  • the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 117 wherein R l5 R 5 , R t , Rs, and R 7 are H.
  • the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of the embodiments 1 to 118 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, solvent, adjuvant or excipient, or a combination thereof.
  • the invention provides a method of treating a patient who has, or in preventing a patient from getting, a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease (AD), for helping prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease, for treating patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and preventing or delaying the onset of Alzheimer's disease in those who would progress from MCI to AD, for treating Down's syndrome, for treating humans who have Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of the Dutch-Type, for treating cerebral amyloid angiopathy and preventing its potential consequences, i.e.
  • AD Alzheimer's disease
  • MCI mild cognitive impairment
  • lobar hemorrhages for treating other degenerative dementias, including dementias of mixed vascular and degenerative origin, dementia associated with Parkinson's disease, dementia associated with progressive supranuclear palsy, dementia associated with cortical basal degeneration, age related macular degeneration, or diffuse Lewy body type of Alzheimer' s disease and who is in need of such treatment which comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compounds of any one of embodiments 1 to 119.
  • the invention further provides for a method of treating a patient who has, or in preventing or delaying a patient from getting, a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Down's syndrome, Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of the Dutch-Type, cerebral amyloid angiopathy and its potential consequences, i.e.
  • a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Down's syndrome, Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of the Dutch-Type, cerebral amyloid angiopathy and its potential consequences, i.e.
  • the invention also provides for a method of preparing a compound or salt of formula I.
  • the compounds of the invention have minimal interaction or preferably, no interaction with Notch.
  • R m optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 R q groups indicates that R m is substituted with 1, 2, or 3 R q groups where the R q groups can be the same or different.
  • APP, amyloid precursor protein is defined as any APP polypeptide, including APP variants, mutations, and isoforms, for example, as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,766,846.
  • a beta, amyloid beta peptide is defined as any peptide resulting from beta-secretase mediated cleavage of APP, including peptides of 39, 40, 41, 42, and 43 amino acids, and extending from the beta-secretase cleavage site to amino acids 39, 40, 41, 42, or 43.
  • compositions and/or substances that are acceptable to the patient from a toxicological and/or safety point of view.
  • a therapeutically effective amount is defined as an amount effective to reduce or lessen at least one symptom of the disease being treated or to reduce or delay onset of one or more clinical markers or symptoms of the disease.
  • alkyl and d-d alkyl in the present invention is meant straight or branched chain alkyl groups having 1-6 carbon atoms, such as, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n- butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, 2-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, and 3-methylpentyl. It is understood that in cases where an alkyl chain of a substituent (e.g.
  • alkoxy and d-C 6 alkoxy in the present invention is meant straight or branched chain alkyl groups having 1-6 carbon atoms, attached through at least one divalent oxygen atom, such as, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentoxy, isopentoxy, neopentoxy, hexoxy, and 3-methylpentoxy.
  • halogen in the present invention is meant fluorine, bromine, chlorine, and/or iodine.
  • alkenyl and C 2 -C 6 alkenyl means straight and branched hydrocarbon radicals having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and from one to three double bonds and includes, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, l-but-3-enyl, l-pent-3-enyl, l-hex-5-enyl and the like.
  • Alkynyl and C 2 -C 6 alkynyl means straight and branched hydrocarbon radicals having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and one or two triple bonds and includes ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentyn-2-yl and the like.
  • cycloalkyl refers to saturated carbocyclic radicals having three to twelve carbon atoms.
  • the cycloalkyl can be monocyclic, a polycyclic fused system, or a bi or polycyclic bridged system, such as adamantyl or bicyclo[2.2.1] heptyl.
  • radicals " include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
  • Preferred cycloalkyl groups are cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl.
  • the cycloalkyl groups herein are unsubstituted or, as specified, substituted in one or more substitutable positions with various groups.
  • such cycloalkyl groups may be optionally substituted with, for example, d- alkyl, d-C 6 alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nifro, amino, mono(C 1 -C 6 )alkylamino, di(C ⁇ -d)alkylamino, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, Ci-d haloalkyl, Ci-d haloalkoxy, amino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl, mono(C ⁇ -C 6 )alkylamino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl or di(d- C )alkylamino(C i -C 6 )alky 1.
  • aryl is meant an aromatic carbocyclic group having a single ring (e.g., phenyl) or multiple condensed rings in which at least one is aromatic, (e.g., 1,2,3,4- tefrahydronaphthyl, naphthyl), which is optionally mono-, di-, or trisubstituted.
  • Preferred aryl groups of the present invention are phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, indanyl, indenyl, dihydronaphthyl, fluorenyl, tefralinyl or 6,7,8,9-tefrahydro-5H-benzo[a]cycloheptenyl.
  • the aryl groups herein are unsubstituted or, as specified, substituted in one or more substitutable positions with various groups.
  • such aryl groups may be optionally substituted with, for example, d-C 6 alkyl, Ci-d alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nifro, amino, mono(C ⁇ -d)alkylamino, di(Ci-C 6 )alkylamino, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, d-C 6 haloalkyl, d-d haloalkoxy, amino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, mono(Ci-C 6 )alkylamino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl or di(d- C 6 )alkylamino(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl.
  • heteroaryl is mean at least one or more aromatic ring systems of 5-, 6-, or 7- membered rings which includes fused ring systems of 9-11 atoms containing at least one and up to four heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • Preferred heteroaryl groups of the present invention include pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, quinolinyl, benzothienyl, indolyl, indolinyl, pryidazinyl, pyrazinyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, indolizinyl, indazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofiiranyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tefrazolyl, isothiazolyl, naphthyridinyl, isochromanyl, chromanyl, tefrahydrois
  • heteroaryl groups herein are unsubstituted or, as specified, substituted in one or more substitutable positions with various groups.
  • such heteroaryl groups may be optionally substituted with, for example, Ci-d alkyl, Ci-d alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amino, mono(C ⁇ -C 6 )alkylamino, di(d- d)aUkylamino, d-dalkenyl, C 2 -dalkynyl, d-d haloalkyl, Ci- haloalkoxy, amino(C ⁇ : d)alkyl, mono(C ⁇ -C 6 )alkylamino(C ⁇ -C 6 )alkyl or di(Ci-C 6 )alkylamino(Ci-C 6 )alkyl.
  • heterocycle By “heterocycle”, “heterocycloalkyl” or “heterocyclyl” is meant one or more carbocyclic ring systems of 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered rings which includes fused ring systems of 9-11 atoms containing at least one and up to four heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
  • Preferred heterocycles of the present invention include mo ⁇ holinyl, thiomo ⁇ holinyl, thiomo ⁇ holinyl S-oxide, thiomo ⁇ holinyl S,S-dioxide, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, tefrahydropyranyl, piperidinyl, tefrahydrofuranyl, tefrahydrothienyl, homopiperidinyl, homomo ⁇ holinyl, homothiomo ⁇ holinyl, homothiomo ⁇ holinyl S,S-dioxide, oxazolidinonyl, dihydropyrazolyl, dihydropyrrolyl, dihydropyrazinyl, dihydropyridinyl, dihydropyrimidinyl, dihydrofuryl, dihydropyranyl, tefrahydrothi
  • heterocycle groups herein are unsubstituted or, as specified, substituted in one or more substitutable positions with various groups.
  • the compounds of this invention may contain one or more asyrnmetric carbon atoms, so that the compounds can exist in different stereoisomeric forms. These compounds can be, for example, racemates, chiral non-racemic or diastereomers.
  • the single enantiomers i.e., optically active forms
  • Resolution of the racemates can be accomplished, for example, by conventional methods such as crystallization in the presence of a resolving agent; chromatography, using, for example a chiral HPLC column; or derivatizing the racemic mixture with a resolving reagent to generate diastereomers, separating the diastereomers via chromatography, and removing the resolving agent to generate the original compound in enantiomerically enriched form. Any of the above procedures can be repeated to increase the enantiomeric purity of a compound.
  • Non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to salts of inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, diphosphoric, hydrobromic, and nitric or salts of organic acids such as formic, citric, malic, maleic, fumaric, tartaric, succinic, acetic, lactic, methanesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, 2-hydroxyethylsulfonic, salicylic and stearic.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable cations include, but are not limited to sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum, lithium and ammonium.
  • the invention also encompasses prodrugs of the compounds of Formula I.
  • the invention also encompasses the acylated prodrugs of the compounds of Formula I.
  • acylated prodrugs of the compounds of Formula I Those skilled in the art will recognize various synthetic methodologies, which may be employed to prepare non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts and acylated prodrugs of the compounds encompassed by Formula I.
  • the term "acid prodrug group” denotes a moiety that is converted in vivo into an active carboxylic acid compound of formula I.
  • Such prodrug groups are generally known in the art and include ester fo ⁇ r ⁇ ng groups, to form an ester prodrug, such as benzyloxy, di(C ⁇ - C 6 )alkylaminoethyloxy, acetoxymethyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, phthalidoyl, ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl, 5-methyl-2-oxo-l,3-dioxol-4-yl methyl, and (C ⁇ -d)alkoxy optionally substituted by N-mo ⁇ holino and an ⁇ de-forming groups such as di(C ⁇ - d)alkylamino.
  • ester fo ⁇ r ⁇ ng groups to form an ester prodrug, such as benzyloxy, di(C ⁇ - C 6 )alkylaminoethyloxy, acetoxymethyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, phthalidoyl, ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl, 5-methyl-2-oxo
  • Preferred prodrug groups include d-C 6 alkoxy forming an ester, and OTVT 1" where IvT 1" represents a cation to form a salt of the acid.
  • Preferred cations include sodium, potassium, and ammonium.
  • Other cations include magnesium and calcium.
  • non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of the compounds encompassed by Formula I may be administered orally, topically, parenterally, by inhalation or spray or rectally in dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles.
  • parenteral as used herein includes percutaneous, subcutaneous, intravascular (e.g., intravenous), intramuscular, or infrathecal injection or infusion techniques and the like.
  • a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound of general Formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • One or more compounds of general Formula I may be present in association with one or more non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or diluents and/or adjuvants, and if desired other active ingredients.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of general Formula I may be in a form suitable for oral use, for example, as tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsion, hard or soft capsules, or syrups or elixirs.
  • compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preservative agents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations.
  • Tablets contain the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients that are suitable for the manufacture of tablets.
  • excipients may be for example, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for example, corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, for example starch, gelatin or acacia, and lubricating agents, for example magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc.
  • the tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated by known techniques. In some cases such coatings may be prepared by known techniques to delay disintegration and abso ⁇ tion in the gasfroiniestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period.
  • a time delay material such as glyceryl monosterate or glyceryl distearate may be employed.
  • Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsules, wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil.
  • Formulations for oral use may also be presented as lozenges.
  • Aqueous suspensions contain the active materials in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions.
  • excipients are suspending agents, for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydropropyl-methylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide, for example, lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for example polyoxyethylene stearate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
  • dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide, for example, lecithin, or
  • the aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives, for example ethyl,- or n-propyl p- hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents, and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose or saccharin.
  • Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredients in a vegetable oil, for example arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin.
  • the oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents and flavoring agents may be added to provide palatable oral preparations.
  • compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.
  • Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents or suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above. Additional excipients, for example sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents, may also be present.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the form of oil-in- water emulsions.
  • the oily phase may be a vegetable oil or a mineral oil or mixtures of these.
  • Suitable emulsifying agents may be naturally-occurring gums, for example gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally-occurring phosphatides, for example soy bean, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol, anhydrides, for example sorbitan monooleate, and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for example polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
  • the emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents. Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for example glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, glucose or sucrose.
  • Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative and flavoring and coloring agents.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents that have been mentioned above.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non- toxic parentally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
  • the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
  • any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono-or diglycerides.
  • fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.
  • the compounds of general Formula I may also be administered in the form of suppositories, e.g., for rectal administration of the drug.
  • suppositories e.g., for rectal administration of the drug.
  • These compositions can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient that is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug.
  • Such materials include cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols.
  • Compounds of general Formula I may be administered parenterally in a sterile medium. The drug, depending on the vehicle and concenfration used, can either be suspended or dissolved in the vehicle.
  • adjuvants such as local anesthetics, preservatives and buffering agents can be dissolved in the vehicle.
  • the formulations are preferably applied as a topical gel, spray, ointment or cream, or as a suppository, containing the active ingredients in a total amount of, for example, 0.075 to 30% w/w, preferably 0.2 to 20% w/w and most preferably 0.4 to 15% w/w.
  • the active ingredients may be employed with either paraffinic or a water-miscible ointment base.
  • the active ingredients may be formulated in a cream with an oil-in- water cream base.
  • the aqueous phase of the cream base may include, for example at least 30% w/w of a polyhydric alcohol such as propylene glycol, butane- 1,3-diol, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol and mixtures thereof.
  • the topical formulation may desirably include a compound which enhances abso ⁇ tion or penetration of the active ingredient through the skin or other affected areas. Examples of such dermal penetration enhancers include dimethylsulfoxide and related analogs.
  • the compounds of this invention can also be administered by a transdermal device.
  • topical administration will be accomplished using a patch either of the reservoir and porous membrane type or of a solid matrix variety.
  • the active agent is delivered continuously from the reservoir or microcapsules through a membrane into the active agent permeable adhesive, which is in contact with the skin or mucosa of the recipient. If the active agent is absorbed through the skin, a controlled and predetermined flow of the active agent is administered to the recipient.
  • the encapsulating agent may also function as the membrane.
  • the transdermal patch may include the compound in a suitable solvent system with an adhesive system, such as an acrylic emulsion, and a polyester patch.
  • the oily phase of the emulsions of this invention may be constituted from known ingredients in a known manner.
  • the phase may comprise merely an emulsifier, it may comprise a mixture of at least one emulsifier with a fat or oil or with both a fat and an oil.
  • a hydrophilic emulsifier is included together with a lipophilic emulsifier, which acts as a stabilizer. It is also preferred to include both an oil and a fat.
  • the emulsifier(s) with or without stabilizer(s) make-up the so-called emulsifying wax, and the wax together with the oil and fat make up the so-called emulsifying ointment base, which forms the oily, dispersed phase of the cream formulations.
  • Emulsifiers and emulsion stabilizers suitable for use in the formulation of the invention include Tween 60, Span 80, cetostearyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate, and sodium lauryl sulfate, among others.
  • the choice of suitable oils or fats for the formulation is based on achieving the desired cosmetic properties, since the solubility of the active compound in most oils likely to be used in pharmaceutical emulsion formulations is very low.
  • the cream should preferably be a non-greasy, non- staining and washable product with suitable consistency to avoid leakage from tubes or other containers.
  • Straight or branched chain, mono- or dibasic alkyl esters such as di-isoadipate, isocetyl stearate, propylene glycol diester of coconut fatty acids, isopropyl myristate, decyl oleate, isopropyl palmitate, butyl stearate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate or a blend of branched chain esters may be used. These may be used alone or in combination depending on the properties required. Alternatively, high melting point lipids such as white soft paraffin and/or liquid paraffin or other mineral oils can be used.
  • Formulations suitable for topical adminisfration to the eye also include eye drops wherein the active ingredients are dissolved or suspended in suitable carrier, especially an aqueous solvent for the active ingredients.
  • suitable carrier especially an aqueous solvent for the active ingredients.
  • the anti-inflammatory active ingredients are preferably present in such formulations in a concentration of 0.5 to 20%, advantageously 0.5 to 10% and particularly about 1.5% w/w.
  • the active compounds of this combination invention are ordinarily combined with one or more adjuvants appropriate to the indicated route of administration.
  • the compounds may be admixed with lactose, sucrose, starch powder, cellulose esters of alkanoic acids, cellulose alkyl esters, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, magnesium oxide, sodium and calcium salts of phosphoric and sulfuric acids, gelatin, acacia gum, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and/or polyvinyl alcohol, and then tableted or encapsulated for convenient adminisfration.
  • Such capsules or tablets may contain a confrolled-release formulation as may be provided in a dispersion of active compound in hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose.
  • Formulations for parenteral adminisfration may be in the form of aqueous or non-aqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions or suspensions. These solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders or granules having one or more of the carriers or diluents mentioned for use in the formulations for oral adminisfration.
  • the compounds may be dissolved in water, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, benzyl alcohol, sodium chloride, and/or various buffers.
  • Other adjuvants and modes of adminisfration are well and widely known in the pharmaceutical art.
  • Dosage levels of the order of from about 0.1 mg to about 140 mg per kilogram of body weight per day are useful in the freatment of the above-indicated conditions (about 0.5 mg to about 7 g per patient per day).
  • the amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of adminisfration.
  • Dosage unit forms will generally contain between from about 1 mg to about 500 mg of an active ingredient.
  • the daily dose can be administered in one to four doses per day. In the case of skin conditions, it may be preferable to apply a topical preparation of compounds of this invention to the affected area two to four times a day.
  • the specific dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of adminisfration, route of adminisfration, and rate of excretion, drug combination and the severity of the particular disease undergoing therapy.
  • the composition may also be added to the animal feed or drinking water. It may be convenient to formulate the animal feed and drinking water compositions so that the animal takes in a therapeutically appropriate quantity of the composition along with its diet. It may also be convenient to present the composition as a premix for addition to the feed or drinking water.
  • the invention is illustrated further by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention in scope or spirit to the specific procedures described in them.
  • the starting materials and various intermediates may be obtained from commercial sources, prepared from commercially available compounds, and/or prepared using known synthetic methods.
  • the compounds of the invention can be prepared using methods known in the art of organic synthesis.
  • the compounds of the invention, as well as all intermediates can be synthesized by known processes using either solution or solid phase techniques, as shown below.
  • Representative procedures for preparing compounds of the invention are outlined in the following schemes.
  • conventional protecting groups may be -necessary to prevent certain functional groups from undergoing undesired reactions.
  • Suitable protecting groups for various functional groups as well as suitable conditions for protecting and deprotecting particular functional groups are well known in the art. For example, numerous protecting groups are described in T. W. Greene and G. M. Wuts, Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, Second Edition, Wiley, New York, 1991, and references cited therein.
  • R 101 1.0 2.0 II to XI kyl, alkenyl optionally substituted with a heteroatom and R
  • Rtoi is R 2 , R 3 , R 21 , R 22 , R 15 or R 24 , R501 is R 23 or Ri, and R o ⁇ is
  • a suitable solvent such as dimethylformamide, tefrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, acetonit
  • n 1 and R 3 o ⁇ is
  • a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane, diethylether, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate or acetone
  • a suitable solvent such as dimethylformamide, tefrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, acetonitrile or
  • Certain compounds of this invention are prepared from other compounds of this invention via -known reactions and functional group transformations. Examples of such fransformations are ester hydrolysis, amide formation, and reductive alkylation; with examples of these are described in the preparations below. Starting materials are obtained from commercial sources or prepared by known methods as described in the examples below. Compounds included in this invention are exemplified by the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. Analogous structures and alternative synthetic routes within the scope of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • MH 1 refers to the mass as determined by LC/MS carried out on a ThermoHypersil-Key stone BDS Hypersil C18 column (50 mm x 3 mm, 5 micron particle size). MNa + is used to identify the product based on its sodium adduct. Elution conditions for LC/MS are as follows: Solvents: A. Water with 0.05% TFA (v/v); B.
  • a Varian reverse-phase preparative HPLC was employed utilizing a Phenomenex Aqua ds column (60 mm x 21.2 mm, 5 micron particle size). Elution conditions for the HPLC are as follows: Solvents: A. Water with 0.1% TFA (v/v); B. Acetonitrile with 0.1% TFA (v/v); Flow rate: 25 mL/min Gradient Method Time (min) %B Cone 0 5 0.75 5 9.5 100 10.5 100 11.5 5 12.0 STOP
  • Step l A mixture of DL-indoline-2-carboxylic acid (50 mg; 0.31 mmol) and pyridine (97 ul; 1.24 mmol) was stirred in CH 2 C1 2 at 0°C for 1 h. 4-chlorobenzenesulfonylchloride (97 mg; 0.46 mmol) was added and subsequently stirred at 10°C for 24 h. The crude reaction mixture was then purified on a Varian reverse-phase preparative HPLC to afford the desired product.
  • Step 2 A portion of the product formed in Step 1 (0.06 mmol) was dissolved in DMF and treated with aniline (5.6 ul; 0.06 mmol) and triethylamine (33 ul; 0.24 mmol). Subsequent addition of HATU (23 mg; 0.06 mmol) facilitated the amide bond formation. The resulting crude reaction mixture was then purified on a Varian reverse-phase preparative HPLC to afford the product example 2.
  • Step l A mixture of 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (1.66g; 10 mmol) and L-cysteine (1.21g; 10 mmol) was heated to reflux for 18h in methanol. The reaction was then cooled in an ice bath and resulting cyclized product was filtered and washed with cold methanol.
  • Step 2 A portion of the product from Step 1 (484 mg; 1.8 mmol) and pyridine (711 ul; 9 mmol) was stirred in CH 2 C1 2 at 0°C for 1 h. 4-chlorobenzenesulfonylchloride (570 mg; 2.7 mmol) was added and subsequently stirred at 0°C for 24 h. The crude reaction mixture was then purified on a Varian reverse-phase preparative HPLC to afford the desired product.
  • Step 3 A portion of the product formed in Step 2 (0.033 mmol) was dissolved in DMF and treated with aniline (3.1 ul; 0.033 mmol) and triethylamine (18 ul; 0.13 mmol).
  • Notch signaling assay for selective inhibitors of gamma secretase for selective inhibitors of gamma secretase.
  • Notch infracellular domain (NICD), which translocates to the nucleus and activates gene expression
  • Gamma secretase inhibitors have been observed to block NICD formation, and inhibit Notch signaling (De Sfrooper, B., W. Annaert, P. Cupers, P. Saftig, K. Craessaerts, J. S. Mumm, E. H. Schroeter, V. Schrijvers, M. S. Wolfe, W. J. Ray et al. (1999). "A presenilin-1- dependent gamma-secretase-like protease mediates release of Notch infracellular domain.” Nature 398(6727): 518-22).
  • Notch signaling assay using a constitutively active rat Notchl construct (ZEDN1) provided by Dr Gerry Weinmaster, who is at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) as described in Shawber, C, D. Nofziger, J. J. Hsieh, C. Lindsell, O. Bogler, D. Hayward and G. Weinmaster (1996).
  • ZEDN1 constitutively active rat Notchl construct
  • Luciferase activity is easily assayed in cell extracts using commercially available kits.
  • the activity of the reporter gene is directly correlated with gamma secretase cleavage of Notch ⁇ E, and as such, a reduction in Luciferase activity provides a convenient measure of inhibition of gamma secretase cleavage of Notch ⁇ E.
  • a comparison of the IC 50 values of compounds for inhibition of Notch signaling versus inhibition of beta-amyloid production in 293 sw cells is employed to guide in the selection of compounds that have the desired property of potent inhibition of beta-amyloid synthesis with mii imal inhibition of Notch Signaling.

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Abstract

The invention provides N-cyclic sulfonamido compounds for use in treating or preventing cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer’s Disease. Compounds of particular interest are defined by Formula (I), wherein R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are as described in the specification. The invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of Formula (I) as well as methods of treating cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease using compounds of Formula (I).

Description

N-Cyclic Sulfonamido Inhibitors of Gamma Secretase This invention claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/572,862, which was filed on May 20, 2004, and is hereby incorporated by reference, it its entirety. Background of the Invention
Field of the Invention The invention relates to N-cyclic sulfonamido compounds which inhibit gamma secretase and β-amyloid peptide release and/or its synthesis. Therefore, the N-cyclic sulfonamido compounds are useful in the prevention of cognitive disorders in patients susceptible to cognitive disorders and/or in the treatment of patients with cognitive disorders in order to inhibit further deterioration in their condition.
State of the Art Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disorder characterized clinically by progressive loss of memory, cognition, reasoning, judgment and emotional stability that gradually leads to profound mental deterioration and ultimately death. AD is a very common cause of progressive mental failure (dementia) in aged humans and is believed to represent the fourth most common medical cause of death in the United States. AD has been observed in races and ethnic groups worldwide and presents a major present and future public health problem. The disease is currently estimated to affect about two to three million individuals in the United States alone. AD is at present incurable. No treatment that effectively prevents AD or reverses its symptoms and course is currently known. The brains of individuals with AD exhibit characteristic lesions termed senile (or amyloid) plaques, amyloid angiopathy (amyloid deposits in blood vessels) and neurofibrillary tangles. Large numbers of these lesions, particularly amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, are generally found in several areas of the human brain important for memory and cognitive function in patients with AD. Smaller numbers of these lesions in a more restrictive anatomical distribution are also found in the brains of most aged humans who do not have clinical AD. Amyloid plaques and amyloid angiopathy also characterize the brains of individuals with Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome) and Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of the Dutch Type (HCH A-D). At present, a definitive diagnosis of AD usually requires observing the aforementioned lesions in the brain tissue of patients who have died with the disease or, rarely, in small biopsied samples of brain tissue taken during an invasive neurosurgical procedure. The principal chemical constituent of the amyloid plaques and vascular amyloid deposits (amyloid angiopathy) characteristic of AD and the other disorders mentioned above is an approximately 4.2 kilodalton (kD) protein of about 39-43 amino acids designated the β- amyloid peptide (βAP) or sometimes AJ3, AβP or β/A4. β- Amyloid peptide was first purified and a partial amino acid sequence was provided by Glenner et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 120:885-890 (1984) The isolation procedure and the sequence data for the first 28 amino acids are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,666,829. Molecular biological and protein chemical analyses have shown that the β-amyloid peptide is a small fragment of a much larger precursor protein termed the amyloid precursor protein (APP), that is normally produced by cells in many tissues of various animals, including humans. Knowledge of the structure of the gene encoding APP has demonstrated that β-amyloid peptide arises as a peptide fragment that is cleaved from APP by protease enzyme(s). Sequential processing of the precursor protein by the enzymes referred to generically as beta- and gamma-secretases, give rise to the β-amyloid peptide fragment. Both enzymes have now been molecularly cloned, and characterized to differing levels. Several lines of evidence indicate that progressive cerebral deposition of β-amyloid peptide plays a seminal role in the pathogenesis of AD and can precede cognitive symptoms by years or decades. See, for example, Selkoe, Neuron, 6:487-498 (1991). The most important line of evidence is the discovery that missense DNA mutations at amino acid 717 of the 770-amino acid isoform of APP can be found in affected members but not unaffected members of several families with a genetically determined (familial) form of AD (Goate et al, Nature, 349:704-706 (1990); Chartier Harlan et al., Nature, 353:844-846 (1989); and
Murrell et al, Science, 254:97-99 (1991.) Another such mutation, known as the Swedish variant, is comprised of a double mutation changing lysine 595 -methi •oni •ne 596 to asparagine 595 -leucine 596 (with reference to the 695 isoform was found in a Swedish family) was reported in 1992 (Mullan et al., Nature Genet., 1:345-347 (1992). Genetic linkage analyses have demonstrated that these mutations, as well as certain other mutations in the
APP gene, are the specific molecular cause of AD in the affected members of such families.
In addition, a mutation at aniino acid 693 of the 770-amino acid isoform of APP has been identified as the cause of the β-amyloid peptide deposition disease, HCHWA-D, and a change from alanine to glycine at amino acid 692 appears to cause a phenotype that resembles AD is some patients but HCHWA-D in others. The discovery of these and other mutations in APP in genetically based cases of AD prove that alteration of APP metabolism, and subsequent deposition of its β-amyloid peptide fragment, can cause AD. Despite the progress which has been made in understanding the underlying mechanisms of AD and other β-amyloid peptide related diseases, there remains a need to develop methods and compositions for treatment of the disease(s). Ideally, the treatment methods would advantageously be based on drugs which are capable of inhibiting β-amyloid peptide release and/or its synthesis in vivo. One approach toward inhibiting amyloid peptide synthesis in vivo is by inhibiting gamma secretase, the enzyme responsible for the carboxy-terminal cleavage resulting in production of β-amyloid peptide fragments of 40 or 42 residues in length. The immediate substrates for gamma secretase are β-cleaved, as well as α-cleaved carboxy-terminal fragments (CTF) of APP. The gamma-secretase cleavage site on β- and α-CTF fragments occurs in the predicted transmembrane domain of APP. Inhibitors of gamma-secretase have been demonstrated to effect amyloid pathology in transgenic mouse models (Dovey, H. F., V. John, J. P. Anderson, L. Z. Chen, P. de Saint Andrieu, L. Y. Fang, S. B. Freedman, B.
Folmer, E. Goldbach, E. J. Holsztynska et al. (2001). "Functional gamma-secretase inhibitors reduce beta-amyloid peptide levels in brain." J Neurochem 76(1): 173-81.) Gamma secretase is recognized to be a multi-subunit complex comprised of the presenilins (PS1 or PS2), Nicastrin, Aph-1, and Pen 2 (De Strooper, B. (2003). "Aph-1, Pen- 2, and Nicastrin with Presenilin generate an active gamma-Secretase complex." Neuron 38(1): 9-12; Edbauer, D., E. Winkler, J. T. Regula, B. Pesold, H. Steiner and C. Haass (2003). "Reconstitution of gamma-secretase activity." Nat Cell Biol 5(5): 486-8; Kimberly, W. T., M. J. LaVoie, B. L. Ostaszewski, W. Ye, M. S. Wolfe and D. J. Selkoe (2003). "Gamma-secretase is a membrane protein complex comprised of presenilin, mcastrin, Aph-1, and Pen-2." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(11): 6382-7). Much evidence indicates that PS comprises the catalytic moiety of the complex, while the other identified subunits are necessary for proper maturation and sub-cellular localization of the active enzyme complex (reviewed in De Strooper, B. (2003). "Aph-1, Pen-2, and Nicastrin with Presenilin generate an active gamma-Secretase complex." Neuron 38(1): 9-12.) Consistent with this hypothesis: PS knock-out mice exhibit significant reductions in β-amyloid production (De Strooper, B., P. Saftig, K. Craessaerts, H. Vanderstichele, G. Guhde, W. Annaert, K. Von Figura and F. Van Leuven (1998). "Deficiency of presenilin- 1 inhibits the normal cleavage of amyloid precursor protein." Nature 391(6665): 387-90; Haass, C. and D. J. Selkoe (1998). "Alzheimer's disease. A technical K.O of amyloid-beta peptide." Nature 391(6665): 339-40; Herreman, A., L. Serneels, W. Annaert, D. Collen, L. Schoonjans and B. De Strooper (2000). "Total inactivation of gamma-secretase activity in presenilin-deficient embryonic stem cells." Nat Cell Biol 2(7): 461-2); point mutations of putative active site aspartate residues in PS trans-membrane domains inhibit β-amyloid production in cells in a dominant negative fashion (Wolfe, M. S., W. Xia, B. L. Ostaszewski, T. S. Diehl, W. T. Kimberly and D. J. Selkoe (1999). "Two transmembrane aspartates in presenilin-1 required for presenilin endoproteolysis and gamma-secretase activity." Nature 398(6727): 513-7; Kimberly, W. T., W. Xia, T. Rahmati, M. S. Wolfe and D. J. Selkoe (2000). "The transmembrane aspartates in presenilin 1 and 2 are obligatory for gamma-secretase activity and amyloid beta-protein generation." J Biol Chem 275(5): 3173-8); active site directed substrate-based transition state isosteres designed to inhibit gamma secretase directly conjugate to PS (Esler, W. P., W. T. Kimberly, B. L. Ostaszewski, T. S. Diehl, C. L. Moore, J. Y. Tsai, T. Rahmati, W. Xia, D. J. Selkoe and M. S. Wolfe (2000). "Transition-state analogue inhibitors of gamma-secretase bind directly to presenilin-1." Nat Cell Biol 2(7): 428-34; Li, Y. M., M. Xu, M. T. Lai, Q. Huang, J. L. Castro, J. DiMuzio-Mower, T. Harrison, C. Lellis, A. Nadin, J. G. Neduvelil et al. (2000). "Photoactivated gamma-secretase inhibitors directed to the active site covalently label presenilin 1." Nature 405(6787): 689-94); finally, allosteric gamma secretase inhibitors have likewise been demonstrated to bind directly to PS (Seiffert, D., J. D. Bradley, C. M. Rominger, D. H. Rominger, F. Yang, J. E. Meredith, Jr., Q. Wang, A. H. Roach, L. A.
Thompson, S. M. Spitz et al. (2000). "Presenilin-1 and -2 are molecular targets for gamma- secretase inhibitors." J Biol Chem 275(44): 34086-91.) Current evidence indicates that in addition to APP processing leading to β-amyloid synthesis, gamma-secretase also mediates the infra-membrane cleavage of other type I transmembrane proteins (reviewed in Fortini, M. E. (2002). "Gamma-secretase-mediated proteolysis in cell-surface-receptor signaling." Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3(9): 673-84, see also Struhl, G. and A. Adachi (2000). "Requirements for presenilin-dependent cleavage of notch and other transmembrane proteins." Mol Cell 6(3): 625-36.) Noteworthy among the known substrates of gamma-secretase is mammalian Notch 1. The Notch 1 protein is important for cell fate determination during development, and tissue homeostasis in the adult. Upon ligand engagement via the Notch ecto-domain, Notch undergoes sequential extra-cellular and infra- membrane processing analogous to APP. The infra-membrane processing of Notch mediated by gamma secretase leads to release of the Notch infracellular domain (NICD). The NICD fragment mediates Notch signaling via franslocation to the nucleus, where it regulates expression of genes mediating cellular differentiation in many tissues during development, as well as in the adult. Disruption of Notch signaling via genetic knock-out (KO) results in embryonic lethal phenotype in mice (Swiatek, P. J., C. E. Lindsell, F. F. del Amo, G. Weinmaster and T. Gridley (1994). "Notchl is essential for postimplantation development in rnice." Genes Dev 8(6): 707-19; Conlon, R. A., A. G. Reaume and J. Rossant (1995). "Notchl is required for the coordinate segmentation of somites." Development 121(5): 1533-45.) The Notch KO phenotype is very similar to the phenotype observed PS1 KO mice, and precisely reproduced by PS1/PS2 double KO mice (De Sfrooper et al. (1998). "Deficiency of presenilin- 1 inhibits the normal cleavage of amyloid precursor protein." Nature 391(6665): 387-90; Donoviel, D. B., A. K. Hadjantonakis, M. Ikeda, H. Zheng, P. S. Hyslop and A. Bernstein (1999). "Mice lacking both presenilin genes exhibit early embryonic patterning defects." Genes Dev 13(21): 2801-10; Herreman, A., L. Serneels, W. Annaert, D. Collen, L. Schoonjans and B. De Sfrooper (2000). "Total inactivation of gamma-secretase activity in presenilin-deficient embryonic stem cells." Nat Cell Biol 2(7): 461-2.) This convergence of phenotypes observed in knock-out mice of either the subsfrate (Notch) or the enzyme (PS) suggests that inhibitors of gamma secretase that also inhibit Notch function may be limited as therapeutic agents owing to the importance of Notch function in adult tissues (Fortini, M. E. (2002). "Gamrna- secretase-mediated proteolysis in cell-surface-receptor signaling." Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3(9): 673-84.) As APP knock-out mice develop normally and without an overt phenotype Zheng, H., M. Jiang, M. E. Trumbauer, R. Hopkins, D. J. Sirinathsinghji, K. A. Stevens, M. W. Conner, H. H. Slunt, S. S. Sisodia, H. Y. Chen et al. (1996). "Mice deficient for the amyloid precursor protein gene." Ann N Y Acad Sci 777: 421-6; Zheng, H., M. Jiang, M. E. Trumbauer, D. J. Sirinathsinghji, R. Hopkins, D. W. Smith, R. P. Heavens, G. R. Dawson, S. Boyce, M. W. Conner et al. (1995). "beta- Amyloid precursor protein-deficient mice show reactive gliosis and decreased locomotor activity." Cell 81(4): 525-31, the cumulative evidence, therefore, suggests that preferred gamma secretase inhibitors would have selectivity for inhibiting gamma secretase processing of APP over gamma secretase processing of Notch.
Summary of the Invention In a broad aspect, the invention provides compounds of Formula I:
Figure imgf000007_0001
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein
A-ring is selected from 1,2,3,4-tefrahydroisoquinolmyl, 1,2,3,4-tefrahydroquinolinyl, 1,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinoxalinyl, 1,2-dihydroqumolinyl, l,3,4,6,7,8-Hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[l,2- α]pyrimidinyl, l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-onyl, 1,4,7-trioxa-lO-azacyclododecanyl, 1 ,4-diazepanyl, 1 H-naphtho [ 1 ,2- ]imidazolyl, 3 ,4-dihydro-2H- 1 ,4-benzoxazinyl, azepanyl, decahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, indolinyl, octahydro-lH- indolyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonanyl, lH-benzimidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, spiro[indene- 1 ,4'-piperidinyl] , 5H-dibenzo[έ ]azepinyl, 2-Ηydroxymethyl- 1 ,4-dioxa-8- azaspiro [4.5] decany 1, 1 OH-phenothiazinyl, 1,2,4,5 -tefrahy drospiro [2-benzazepine-3 , 1'- cyclohexanyl], 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-β-carbolinyl, and 10,l l-dihydro-5H- dibenzofb Jazepinyl, wherein each of the above groups is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 groups that are independently OΗ, Η, CN, oxo, halo, CpCβ alkoxy, C C6 alkyl, -C(O)NR9R10, -C(O)N(R9)-CrC6 alkyl-R26, -S- -Cg alkyl, -C(O)R28, C2-C6 alkenyl, - C(O)R26, -C(O)R27, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)NR9R10, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2- C6 alkenyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, C0-C6 alkyl-R28, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)ORπ, C0-C6 alkyl-NR9C(O)ORπ, NΗ2, mono- or di-(C C6 alkyl)amino, -CF3, -OCF3, or NO2; or the A-ring is a group having the formula
Figure imgf000007_0002
Figure imgf000008_0001
wherein
W is CR9 or nitrogen; X is sulfur, SO2, SO, or oxygen; Y is sulfur, SO2, SO, oxygen or NR ; m is 1 or 2; n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 8;
Ri at each occurrence is independently OH, H, CN, oxo, halo, Cι-C6 alkyl, Cι-C6 alkoxy, - C(O)Rn, C2-C6 alkenyl, -C(O)R28, -C(O)R26, -C(O)R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, C0-C6 alkyl-R28, C0-C6 alkyl- C(O)NR9R10, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)ORn, C0-C6alkyl-NR9C(O)OR1ι, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, or C0-C6 alkyl-R28, wherein the alkyl portions of each of the above are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 groups that are independently C Cβ alkyl, hydroxy-C.-C6 alkyl, C C6 alkoxy, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, halo, OH, oxo, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(C1-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN;
R and R3 are independently H, oxo, -C(O)ORπ, mono- or di-( -C6 alkyl)amino, halo, -C6 alkyl, d-C6 alkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, -C(O)R28, -C(O)R26, -C(O)R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)ORu, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)NR9R10, Co-Cβ alkyl-R26, Co-C6 alkyl-R27, or Co-Cβ alkyl-R28, wherein the alkyl groups are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 groups that are independently -Cg alkyl, OH, C C6 alkoxy, halo, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(CrC6 alkyl)amino, or CN; Rt, R5, R and Rg are independently H, OH, NH2, mono- or di-(C C6 alkyl)amino, halo, Ci- C6 alkoxy, or Cι-C6 alkyl, wherein the alkoxy and alkyl groups are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 that are independently halo, Cι-C6 alkyl, -Cό alkoxy, OH, oxo, CF3, - OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(C,-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN;
Rδ is chloro, fluoro, iodo, NO2, CF3, OCF3 or CN;
R9 and R10 are independently H, C C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or C0-C6 alkyl-R26, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, C0-C6 alkyl-R28; or R and Rio together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form pyrrolidinyl, morpholino or piperidinyl; Rπ is H, Cj-Cδ alkyl, Cι-C6 cycloalkyl, C -C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkenyl-R , C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, C0-C6 alkyl-R28 or C0-C6 alkyl-R26; Rπ and Rϊ3 are independently OH, H, CN, NH2, -C(O)NR9R10, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl- R27, or C0-C6 alkyl-R28, mono- or di-(d-C6 alkyl)amino, halo, Co-C6 aIkyl-C(O)ORll3 Ci-Cg alkyl, or C]-C6 alkoxy; R14 is H, Cι-C6 alkyl, or oxo;
R15 is Cι-C6 alkyl, d-C6 alkoxy, hydroxy-Cι-C6 alkyl, Cj-C6 alkyl-O-(hydroxy-d-C6 alkyl), C2-C6 alkenyl, -C(O)R28, -C(O)R26, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl- R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R28, -CO-N(R9)2, -C(O)R27, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)R28, -0(0)0^, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, or Co-C6 alkyl-R 7, wherein the alkyl groups are optionally substituted with 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 groups that are independently C[-C6 alkyl, d-d alkoxy, halo, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(C C6 alkyI)amino, or CN; R16 and Rπ are independently OH, H, CN, NH2, mono- or di-(Cι-C6 alkyl)amino, halo, C2-C6 alkenyl, -C(O)-R28, -C(O)R26, -C(O)R27, C2-C6 aIkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, -C(O)NR9R10, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, or C0-C6 alkyl-R28„ C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)ORn, d-C6 alkyl, or Cj-C6 alkoxy; Rig is Ci-Cg alkyl or oxo; R19 and R20 are independently OH, H, CN, NH2, mono- or di-(d-C6 aIkyl)amino, halo, C2-C6 alkenyl, -C(0)R26, -C(O)R27, -C(O)-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, C^Ce alkyl, C C6 alkoxy, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)OR11, C0-C6-C(O)NR9R10, C0- C6 alkyl-R 6, Co-C6 alkyl-R27, or Co-C6 alkyl-R28, wherein the alkyl groups are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 groups that are independently Ct-Cβ alkyl, OH, Cι-C6 alkoxy, halo, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(Ci-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN;
R2ι and R22 are independently H, C C6 alkyl, Cι-C6 alkoxy, Ci-Cβ alkyl-Cι.-Ce alkoxy, - C(0)ORπ, -C(O)NR9R10, hydroxy d-Ce alkyl, C0-C6 alkyl-R28, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, C0-C6 alkyl-NR9R26, or -C(O)-O-C0-C6 alkyl-R26; R23 is OH, CN, oxo, NH2, mono- or di-(d-C6 alkyl)amino, halo, Cι-C6 alkyl, Cι-C6 alkoxy, d-C6 alkyl-NR9R26, d-C6 alkyl-O-d-C6 alkyl, -C(O)Rι -C(O)R2 5 -C(O)R28, - C(O)NR9R10, -C(O)OR„, Co-C6 alkyl-NR9C(O)ORn, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, or C0-C6 alkyl-R28; R24 is H or d-C6 alkyl; R25 is Cι-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-NR9R26, -C(O)O-C0-C6 alkyl-R26 or C0-C6 alkyl-R28, or C0-C6 alkyl-R26 wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with Co-C6 alkyl-R26 or OH;
R2 at each occurrence is independently OH, H, CN, halo, d-C6 alkyl, Cι-C6 alkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, -C(O)R26, -C(O)R27, -C(O)-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, -C(O)Rπ, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)NR9Rι0, -C(O)ORu, Co- alkyl-NRpC^ORπ, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, or C0-C6 alkyl-R2s, wherein the alkyl portions of each of the above are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 groups that are independently d-d alkyl, hydroxy-d-d alkyl, d- alkoxy, C0-d alkyl-R26, halo, OH, oxo, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, CN, mono- or di-(d-C6 alkyl)amino;
R30 is OH, H, oxo, CN, NH2, mono- or di-(Cι-d alkyl)amino, halo, d-d alkyl, C2-d alkenyl, -C(O)-R28, -C(O)R26, -C(O)R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, d-C6 alkoxy, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)ORn, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)NR9R10, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, d-d alkyl-R27, or - alkyl-R2s, wherein the alkyl groups are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 groups that are independently d-d alkyl, OH, d-C6 alkoxy, halo, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(C1-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN;
R26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently C C6 alkyl, d-C6 alkoxy, halo, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, - C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)OR9, mono- or di-(C1-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN; R2 is pyridinyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, l,3-dihydro-2-oxo-benzoimidazol-l-yl, or benzoimidazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 groups that are independently d-C6 alkyl, d-C6 alkoxy, halo, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, -C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)OR9, mono- or di-(C.-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN; and
R28 is pyrrolidinyl, morpholino or piperidinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 groups that are independently d-C6 alkyl, Ci-d alkoxy, hydroxy-d-C2 alkyl, halo, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, -C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)OR9, mono- or di-(Cι-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN.
The compounds of Formula I inhibit β-amyloid peptide release and/or its synthesis and, therefore, are useful in the prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in patients susceptible to AD and/or in the treatment of patients with AD in order to inhibit further deterioration in their condition. The invention also, encompasses pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of Formula I, and methods employing such compounds or compositions in the treatment of cognitive diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. The invention also provides a method of treating a patient who has, or in preventing a patient from getting, a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, for helping prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease, for treating patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and preventing or delaying the onset of Alzheimer's disease in those who would progress from MCI to AD, for treating Down's syndrome, for treating humans who have Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of the Dutch- Type, for treating cerebral amyloid angiopathy and preventing its potential consequences, i.e. single and recurrent lobar hemorrhages, for treating other degenerative dementias, including dementias of mixed vascular and degenerative origin, dementia associated with Parkinson's disease, dementia associated with progressive supranμclear palsy, dementia associated with cortical basal degeneration, age related macular degeneration or diffuse Lewy body type of Alzheimer's disease and who is in need of such treatment which comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I). In another aspect, the invention provides methods of preparing the compounds of interest, as well as intermediates useful in preparing the compounds of interest.
Detailed Description of the Invention In embodiment 1, the invention provides for compounds according to Formula I. In embodiment 2, the invention provides compounds of Formula I having the structure
Figure imgf000011_0001
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein z is 0, 1, or 2; n is 0, 1 or 2;
Ri at each occurrence is independently OH, H, CN, oxo, halo, Ci- alkyl, C2-d alkenyl, - C(O)R28, -C(O)R26, -C(O)R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, C0-C4 alkyl-R28, C0-C4 alkyl-R26, C0-C4 alkyl-R27, -C(O)Rπ, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)NR9R10, - C(O)ORn, or Co-C alkyl-NR9C(O)ORπ, wherein each of the alkyl groups is optionally substituted with one or two groups that are independently OH or phenyl; R2 and R3 are independently H, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)NR9R10, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)ORπ, C2-C6 alkenyl, -C(0)R28, -C(O)R26, -C(O)R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, C0-C4 alkyl-R26, C0-C4 alkyl-R27, Co-C alkyl-R28 or Ci-d alkyl, wherein the alkyl group is optionally substituted with OH; *, R5, R7 and Rg are independently H or fluoro; R9 and Rj0 are independently H, C2-C6 alkenyl, C -C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R28 or C C6 alkyl; Ri i is H, C2-d alkenyl, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R2g, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl- R27, Co-C6 alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R28 or d-C6 alkyl;
R26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently d-C6 alkyl, C C6 alkoxy, halo, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, - C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)OR9, mono- or di-(d-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN; R 7 is pyridinyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, l,3-d ydro-2-oxo-benzoimidazol-l-yl, or benzoimidazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 groups that are independently Ci- alkyl, d-C6 alkoxy, halo, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, -C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)OR9, mono- or di-(d-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN; and
R28 is pyrrolidinyl, mo holino or piperidinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 groups that are independently d-d alkyl, d-C6 alkoxy, hydroxy-d-C2 alkyl, halo, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, -C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)OR9, mono- or di-(d-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN. In embodiment 2 A, the invention provides compounds of Formula I having the structure
Figure imgf000012_0001
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein z is O, 1, or 2; Ri at each occurrence is independently OH, H, CN, oxo, halo, d- alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, - C(O)R28, -C(O)R26, -C(O)R27, d-d alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, C0-C4 alkyl-R28, C0-C4 alkyl-R26, C0-C4 alkyl-R27, -C(O)Rn, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)NR9R10, - C(O)OR11; or C0-C4 alkyl-NR C(O)ORπ, wherein each of the alkyl groups is optionally substituted with one or two groups that are independently OH or phenyl;
R2 and R3 are independently H, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)NR9R10, C0-d alkyl-C(O)ORπ, C2-C6 alkenyl, -C(O)R28, -C(O)R26, -C(O)R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, C0-C4 alkyl-R26, C0-C4 alkyl-R27, C0-C4 alkyl-R28 or d-C6 alkyl, wherein the alkyl group is optionally substituted with OH; R4, R5, R7 and Rg are independently H or fluoro;
R and R10 are independently H, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkenyl-R2 , C -C6 alkenyl-R2g, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R28 or Cι-C6 alkyl; Rπ is H, d-d alkenyl, C2-d alkenyl-R 7, C2-C6 alkenyl -R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, Co-C6 alkyl- R27, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R28 or Cι-C6 alkyl; R26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently d-C6 alkyl, d-C6 alkoxy, halo, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, - C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)OR9, mono- or di-(d-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN; R27 is pyridinyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, l,3-dmydro-2-oxo-benzoimidazol-l-yl, or benzoimidazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 groups that are independently d-C6 alkyl, Cι-C6 alkoxy, halo, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, -C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)OR9, mono- or di-(d-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN; and R28 is pyrrolidinyl, morpholino or piperidinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 groups that are independently Cι-C6 alkyl, Ci-d alkoxy, hydroxy-d-C2 alkyl, halo, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, -C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)OR9, mono- or di-(d-d alkyl)amino, or CN. In embodiment 3, the invention provides compounds according to either embodiment 2 or 2 A, wherein at least one of Ri, R5, R^ R7, and Rg is H, and R and R3 are independently H, R27, or Cι-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with OH. In one aspect, Rl5 R5, R4, R7, and R8 are H. In other aspect, R2 is H and R3 is H, R 7, or Cι-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with OH. In yet another aspect, R3 is Cι-C4-alkyl, wherein the C1-C4-alkyl is methyl or ethyl. In embodiment 4, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 3 wherein R3 is d-C4 alkyl substituted with OH. In one aspect, R3 is hydroxymethyl. In embodiment 5, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 3 wherein R is R2 . In one aspect, R2 is pyridinyl, l,3-dmydro-2-oxo-benzoimidazol-l-yl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, or benzoimidazolyl. Preferably, R3 is pyridinyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, or furanyl. More preferably, R3 is pyridinyl. i, In embodiment 6, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 3 wherein R2 and R3 are independently Cι-C6 alkyl. In one aspect, R2 and R3 are independently Ci-d alkyl. In another aspect, R2 and R3 are methyl. In yet another aspect, the carbon atom to which one of the methyl groups is attached is in the R-configuration. In still another aspect, the carbon atom to which the other methyl group is attached is in the S-configuration. In embodiment 7, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 3 wherein R2 and R3 are H. In embodiment 8, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 2 or 2A, wherein at least one of R4, R5, R%, R , R2, and R3 is H, n is 1 or 2, and R\ is OH, halo, or Cι-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with OH. In embodiment 9, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 8 wherein R4,
R5, R8, R7, R2, and R3 are H. In embodiment 10, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 9, wherein Ri is d-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with OH. In embodiment 11, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 10, wherein n is 1 or 2, and each Ri is independently methyl or propyl . In another aspect, R} is methyl or propyl. In one aspect, Ri is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
Figure imgf000014_0001
In embodiment 1 la, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 3, wherein R2, R3 are independently H, or Ci- alkyl; and z is 2. In embodiment 12, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 10, wherein Rt is hydroxymethyl or hydroxyethyl. In one aspect, Ri is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
Figure imgf000014_0002
In embodiment 13, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 9 wherein Ri is halo. In one aspect, R\ is bromo. In another aspect, Rt is bromo and is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
Figure imgf000015_0001
In embodiment 14, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 9 wherein Ri is OH. In one aspect, Ri is OH and is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
Figure imgf000015_0002
In embodiment 15, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 2 or 2A, wherein at least one of Ri, R5, Rs, and R7 are H, R2 and R3 are independently H, C(O)NR9R10, or -C(O)ORn, n is 1, and Ri is -C(O)ORn, d-C4 alkyl-NR9C(O)ORπ, or - C(O)NR9R10. In embodiment 16, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 15 wherein R , R3, Rt, R5, R7, and R8 are H. In embodiment 17, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 16 wherein Rt is -C(O)ORπ. In one aspect, Rπ is H or C1-C4 alkyl. In another aspect, Rπ is H. In yet another aspect, Ri is -C(O)-OH and is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
Figure imgf000015_0003
In embodiment 18, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 17 wherein Rπ is Ci — C4 alkyl. In one aspect, Rπ is -C2H5. In another aspect, Ri is - C(O)OCH2H5 and is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
Figure imgf000015_0004
In embodiment 19, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 16 wherein Ri is d-C4 alkyl-NR9C(O)ORπ. In one aspect, R and Rπ are independently H or d-C4 alkyl. In another aspect, R9 is H and R is d-C4 alkyl. In yet another aspect, R9 is H and R is tert-butyl. In still another aspect, Ri is -C2H -NHC(O)O-tert-butyl and is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
Figure imgf000016_0001
In embodiment 20, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 16 wherein Ri is -C(O)NR Rιo. In one aspect, R9 and Rio are independently d-C4 alkyl or H. In another aspect, R9 and Rio are Cι-C4 alkyl. In yet another aspect, R9 and Rio are -C2H5. In still another aspect, Rj is -C(O)N(C2H5)2 and is attached to the piperidyl ring as
Figure imgf000016_0002
or In embodiment 20a, the invention provides for compounds according to embodiment 15, wherein at least one of R4, R5, Rg, and R are H, R2 and R3 are independently C(O)NR9Rιo or -C(O)ORn. In embodiment 20b, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 20a wherein R4, R5, R , and R8 are H. In embodiment 20c, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 20b wherein one of R2 and R3 is C(O)NR R10 and the other -C(O)ORπ- In one aspect, R2 is the same as R3. In another aspect, R9, Rio and Rπ are independently H or Cι-C4 alkyl. In still another aspect R9, Rio and Rπ are H. In yet another aspect, R9, R^ and Rπ are C1-C4 alkyl. In embodiment 21, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 2 or 2 A, wherein at least one of R4, R5, Rs, R7, R , and R3 is H, n is 1, and Ri is R27, or Co-C4 alkyl-piperidinyl wherein the piperidinyl portion is optionally substituted with hydroxy-C1-C4 alkyl, or Ri is d-C4 alkyl-R26 wherein the alkyl portion is optionally substituted with phenyl and OH, and R26 is phenyl. In embodiment 22, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 21 wherein Rt, R5, Rg, R , R2, and R3 are H. In embodiment 23, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 22 wherein Ri is d-C4 alkyl-piperidinyl wherein the piperidinyl portion is substituted with hydroxy-Ci-C4 alkyl. In one aspect, Rt is piperidinyl or (hydroxyethyl)-piperidinylpropyl. In another aspect, Ri is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
Figure imgf000017_0001
In embodiment 24, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 22 wherein Ri is d-C4 alkyl-phenyl wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with phenyl and OH. In one aspect, Ri is phenyl, benzyl or 1,1-diphenyl-l -hydroxymethyl. In another aspect, Ri is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
Figure imgf000017_0002
wherein R\ is R27. In one aspect, wherein Ri is pyridinyl, l,3-dmydro-2-oxo-benzoimidazol- 1-yl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, or benzoimidazolyl. In another aspect, Ri is l,3-dihydro-2-oxo-benzoimidazol-l-yl. In yet another aspect, Ri is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
Figure imgf000017_0003
In embodiment 26, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 2 or 2 A, wherein at least one of R , R5, RS, R7, R2, and R3 is H, n is 2, and Ri at each occurrence is independently OH, CN, oxo, -C(O)Rπ, -C(O)ORπ, -C(O)NR9Rιo, Cι-C6 alkyl, or C0-C4 alkyl-R26 wherein R26 is phenyl optionally substituted with halo. In embodiment 27, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 26 wherein R4, R5, Rg, R7, R , and R3 are H. In embodiment 28, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 27 wherein one Ri is OH and the other Ri is d-C4 alkyl-R26. In one aspect, R26 is phenyl optionally substituted with chloro or fluoro. In another aspect, R 6 is phenyl substituted with chloro. In yet another aspect, Ri is phenyl or 4-chlorophenyl. In still another aspect, Ri is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
Figure imgf000017_0004
In embodiment 29, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 27 wherein one Ri is phenyl and the other Ri is CN, -C(O)Rπ, or d-d alkyl. In one aspect, both Ri groups are attached to the same carbon atom. In another aspect, the other Ri is d-C6 alkyl. In yet another aspect, the other Ri is methyl. In still another aspect, Ri is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
Figure imgf000018_0001
In embodiment 30, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 29 wherein the other Ri is -C(O)Rπ. In one aspect, Rπ is H or Cι-C4-alkyl. In another aspect, Rπ is Cι-C4-alkyl. In yet another aspect, Rπ is methyl. In still another aspect, Ri is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
Figure imgf000018_0002
In embodiment 31 , the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 29 wherein the other Ri is CN. In one aspect, Ri is attached to the piperidinyl ring as
Figure imgf000018_0003
In embodiment 32, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 27 wherein one Ri is oxo. In one aspect, the other Rj is -C(O)ORπ. In another aspect, Rπ is H or Cι-C4 alkyl. In yet another aspect, Rπ is Ci-C4-alkyl. In still another aspect, Rn is ethyl. In still another aspect, Ri is oxo and the other Ri is -C(O)O-C2Hs. ■ In still another aspect, both Ri are attached to the piperidinyl ring as
Figure imgf000018_0004
In embodiment 32a, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 27 wherein one Ri is oxo. In one aspect, the other Ri is -C(O)NR9Rio. In another aspect, R9 and R10 are independently H or d-C4 alkyl. In yet another aspect, R9 is d-C4-alkyl and Rio is H. In still another aspect, R9 is ethyl. In still another aspect, Ri is oxo and the other Ri is - C(O)NH-C2H5. In still another aspect, both Ri are attached to the piperidinyl ring as
Figure imgf000019_0001
In embodiment 33, the invention provides compounds according to Formula I having the-siructure
Figure imgf000019_0002
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein Ri, R5, R7 and Rg are independently H or fluoro; Rπ is C1-C4 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R2g, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, d-d alkyl-R27, C0-C6 alkyl-R28 or C0-C4 alkyl-R26; R9 is H, Ci-d alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or d-d alkyl-R26, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, C0-C6 alkyl-R28;
Rι4 is H or Ci- alkyl;
R15 is Ci-C4 alkyl, hydroxy-d-C4 alkyl, -CO-N(R9)2, Ci-C4 alkyl-O-(hydroxy-C1-C4 alkyl), - C(O)R27, C2-C6 alkenyl, -C(O)R28, -C(O)R26, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2- C6 alkenyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R28, C0-C4 alkyl-C(O)R28, -C(O)ORπ, C0-C4 alkyl-R26, C0- C4 alkyl-R27, wherein the alkyl groups are optionally substituted with one or more groups that are independently phenyl or methyl; R26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with one or two groups that are independently Cι-C alkyl, Cι-C4 alkoxy, halo, CN, or CF3; R 7 is pyridinyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, or furanyl, each of which is optionally substituted with CF3; and
R28 is pyrrolidinyl, morpholino or piperidinyl which is optionally substituted with one or more groups that are independently Cι-C4 alkyl, Cι-C4 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(Cι-C6 alkyl)amino. In embodiment 34, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 33 wherein any one of R4, R5, Rg, R7, and R14 is H, and R15 is d-C2 alkyl-phenyl wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with methyl or phenyl, wherein the phenyl portion is optionally substituted with one or two groups selected from d-C alkyl, halo, d-C alkoxy, CF3, or CN. In embodiment 35, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 34 wherein R4, R5, Rg, R7, and Rι4 are H. In embodiment 36, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 35 wherein R15 is Cι-C2 alkyl-phenyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with halo. In one aspect, R15 is phenethyl or benzyl. In another aspect, R15 is benzyl. In yet another aspect, the benzyl is substituted on the phenyl portion with chloro. In still another aspect, R15 is 4-chlorobenzyl. In embodiment 37, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 35 wherein R15 is d-C2 alkyl-phenyl wherein the alkyl portion is substituted with methyl or phenyl. In one aspect, R15 is -CH2-phenyl, wherein the -CH2- group is substituted with methyl or phenyl. In another aspect, R15 is
Figure imgf000020_0001
In embodiment 38, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 35 wherein R15 is phenyl substituted with one or two groups that are independently chloro, fluoro, methoxy, methyl, CN, or CF3. In one aspect, R15 is substituted with one or two chloro groups. In another aspect, 15 is 4-chlorophenyl or 3-chlorophenyl. In yet another aspect, R15 is 3,4-dichorophenyl or 3,5-dichlorophenyl. In still another aspect, R15 is 2-methoxyphenyl. In still another aspect, R15 is 4-fluorophenyl. In still another aspect, R15 is 3-trifluoromethylphenyl. In still another aspect R15 is 2-cyanophenyl. In still another aspect, R15 is substituted with one or two methyl groups. In still another aspect, R15 is
2-methylphenyl or 4-methylphenyl. In still another aspect, R15 is 2,3-dimethylphenyl. In embodiment 39, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 33 wherein at least one of R4, R5, Rs, and R is H, Rι4 is methyl, and R15 is C0-C2 alkyl-phenyl wherein phenyl portion is optionally substituted with C1-C4 alkyl or Cι-C4 alkoxy. In embodiment 40, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 39 wherein R4, R5, Rg, and R7 are H. In embodiment 41, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 40 wherein Rι5 is phenyl. In embodiment 42, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 40 wherein Rι5 phenyl substituted with d-C4 alkyl or d-C4 alkoxy. In one aspect, R15 is phenyl substituted with d-C4 alkyl. In another aspect, Ris is phenyl substituted with methyl. In yet another aspect, R15 is 4-methylphenyl or 3-methylphenyl. In still another aspect, R15 is phenyl substituted with C1-C4 alkoxy. In still another aspect, R15 is phenyl is substituted with methoxy. In still another aspect, Rι5 is 4-methoxyphenyl. In embodiment 43, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 33 wherein at least one of i, R5, Rg, R7, and Rι4 is H, and Rι5 is C0-C2 alkyl-R27, wherein R27 is benzodioxolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridinyl or quinolinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with CF3. In embodiment 44, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 43 wherein R^ R5, Rs, R7, and Rι4 are H. In embodiment 45, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 44 wherein R15 is pyrimidinyl or pyridinyl. In one aspect, R15 is pyrimidin-2-yl, pyridin-4-yl or pyridin-2-yl. In embodiment 46, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 44 wherein R15 -CH2-R2 . In one aspect, R15 is benzodioxolylmethyl. In another aspect, the benzodioxolylmethyl is attached to the piperazinyl ring as
Figure imgf000021_0001
In embodiment 47, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 44 wherem R15 is R27 substituted with CF3. In one aspect, R15 is frifluoromethylpyridinyl or trifluoromethylquinolinyl. In another aspect, R15 is 5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl or 2- trifluoromethylquinolin-4-yl . In embodiment 48, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 33 wherein at least one of R4, R5, Rg, R , and Rι4 is H, and R15 is -C(O)-R27, C0-C4 alkyl-C(O)- pyrrolidinyl, or -C(O)-ORn. In embodiment 49, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 48 wherein Rj, R5, Rg, R7, and R14 are H. In embodiment 50, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 49 wherein R15 is -C(O)-ORπ. In one aspect, Rπ is C2-C4 alkyl or benzyl. In another aspect,
Rπ is C2-C4 alkyl. In yet another aspect, Rπ is -tert-butyl or ethyl. In still another aspect,
Rπ is benzyl. In embodiment 51, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 49 wherein R15 is -C(O)-R27. In one aspect, R27 is pyridinyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, or furanyl. In embodiment 52, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 49 wherem R15 is C0-C4 alkyl-C(O)-pyrrolidinyl. In one aspect, R15 is -CH2-C(O)-pyrrolidinyl. In embodiment 53, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 33, wherein at least one of R4, R5, Rg, R7, and Rj4 is H, and R15 is hydroxy-Cι-C4 alkyl, Cι-C4 alkyl-O-(hydroxy-d-C alkyl), or C1-C4 alkyl. In embodiment 54, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 53 wherein R4, R5, Rg, R7, and R14 are H. In embodiment 55, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 54 wherein R15 is C1-C4 alkyl. In one aspect, R15 is ethyl. In embodiment 55, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 54 wherein R15 is hydroxy-Cι-C4 alkyl. In one aspect, Rι5 is hydroxyethyl. In embodiment 56, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 54 wherein R15 is C1-C4 alkyl-O-ørydroxy-Ci-d alkyl). In one aspect, R15 is - FLj-O- FLOH. In embodiment 57, the invention provides compounds according to Formula I having the structure
Figure imgf000022_0001
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein
Rt, R5, R7 and R8 are H or fluoro;
Rπ, Rio and R9 are independently H or Cι-C4 alkyl;
Ri6 and R17 are independently H, C2-C6 alkenyl, -C(O)-R28, -C(O)R26, -C(O)R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, -C(O)NR9Rι0, -C(O)ORu, C0-C4 alkyl- R26, C0-C4 alkyl-R27, C0-C4 alkyl-R28, or C0-C4 alkyl-C(O)-ORτ 1 ;
Ris is Cι-C4 alkyl or oxo;
R26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with one or two groups that are independently d-d alkyl, d-C4 alkoxy, halo, CN, or CF3;
R27 is pyridinyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, or furanyl, each of which is optionally substituted with CF3; and R28 is pyrrolidinyl, morpholino or piperidinyl which is optionally substituted with one or more groups that are independently d-C4 alkyl, d-C4 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, CF3, -OCF , NO2, NH , mono- or di-(Cj-C6 alkyl)amino.In embodiment 58, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 57 wherein at least one of R4, R5, Rg, R7, Rι6, and Rι7 is H, and Ri is Cι-C4 alkyl. In embodiment 59, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 58 wherein R4, R5, Rg, R7, Rι6, and Rι7 are H. In embodiment 60, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 59 wherein Rι8 is methyl. In one aspect, the atom to which the methyl is attached is in the R-configuration. In another aspect, the atom to which the methyl is attached is in the S- configuration. In embodiment 61, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 57 wherein at least any one of t, R5, R8, R7, and Rι6 is H, Rι8 is oxo, and Rπ is Co-Cj alkyl- C(O)-OR„. In embodiment 62, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 61 wherein R4,
R5, Rg, R7, and R16 are H. In embodiment 63, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 62 wherein Rπ is H or d-C alkyl. In one aspect, Rπ is -C2H5. In embodiment 64, the invention provides compounds according to Formula I having the structure
Figure imgf000023_0001
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein X is sulfur, SO2, SO, or oxygen;
Ri at each occurrence is independently H, d-C4 alkyl, or d-C4 alkoxy; Rt, R5, R7 and Rg are independently H or fluoro; R9, Rio and Rπ are independently H or Cι-C4-alkyl;
R19 and R20 are independently H, d-C4 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, -C(O)R26, -C(O)R27, -C(O)-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, -C(O)NR9R10, C0-C4 alkyl-R26, C0- C alkyl-R27, C0-C4 alkyl-R28, or C0-C4 alkyl-C(O)-ORπ, or Ci-C4 alkoxy; R26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with one or two groups that are independently Cι-C4 alkyl, C C4 alkoxy, halo, CN, or CF3; R2 is pyridinyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, or furanyl, each of which is optionally substituted with CF3; and R28 is pyrrolidinyl, morpholino or piperidinyl which is optionally substituted with one or more groups that are independently Cι-C4 alkyl, Cι-C4 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(Cι-d alkyl)amino. In embodiment 65, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 64 wherein at least one of R4, R5, R8, R7, Rι9, and R2o is H, X is oxygen, and Ri is H or Cι-C4 alkyl. In embodiment 66, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 65 wherein R4, R5, Rg, R , Rι9, and R20 are H. In embodiment 67, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 66 wherein Ri is Cι-C4 alkyl. In one aspect, Ri is methyl. In embodiment 68, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 66 wherein Ri is H. In embodiment 69, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 64 wherein at least one of Ri, R4, R5, Rg, R7, R19, and R2o is H, and X is sulfur. In embodiment 70, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 69 wherein Rl5 R4, R5, Rs, R7, R19, and R o are H. In embodiment 71, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 64 wherein at least one of Ri, Rt, R5, Rs, R7, R1 , and R2o is H, and X is S02. In embodiment 72, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 71 wherein Rls Rt, R5, Rs, R , Rι9, and R2o are H. In embodiment 73, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 64 wherein at least one of R1; Rt, R5, Rs, R , Rι , and R2o is H, and X is SO. In embodiment 74, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 73 wherein Ri, t, R5, Rg, R7, R19, and R2o are H. In embodiment 75, the invention provides compounds according to Formula I having the structure
Figure imgf000025_0001
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R-i, R5, R7 and Rg are independently H of fluoro; R23 is OH, or -NR9C(O)ORπ; R9 and Rπ are independently H or Cι-C4 alkyl. In embodiment 76, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 75 wherein at least one of R4, R5, Rg, and R7 is H, and R23 is OH. In one aspect, P^, R5, Rg, and R are H. In another aspect, the atom to which the OH group is attached is in the S- configuration. In yet another aspect, the atom to which the OH group is attached is in the R- configuration. In embodiment 77, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 75 wherein at least one of Ri, R5, Rs, and R7 is H, and R23 is -NR9-C(O)ORπ. In one aspect, R4, R5, Rg, and R7 are H. In another aspect, R9 and Rπ are independently H or C1-C4 alkyl. In yet another aspect, R is H and Rπ is tert-butyl. In still another aspect, the atom to which R23 is attached is in the S -configuration. In still another aspect, the atom to which R2 is attached is in the R-configuration. In embodiment 78, the invention provides compounds according to Formula I having the structure
Figure imgf000025_0002
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein
Rt, R5, R and Rg are independently H or fluoro;
R24 is H or Cι-C4 alkyl; and
R25 is Cι-C4 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R g, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26,
C0-C6 alkyl-R28, C0-C4 alkyl-NH-phenyl, -C(O)O-C0-C4 alkyl-phenyl, C0-C4 alkyl- moφholinyl, Co-C4 alkyl-pyrrolidinyl, or Co-C4 alkyl-phenyl wherem the alkyl portion is optionally substituted with phenyl and OH; R26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with one or two groups that are independently C1-C4 alkyl, C C4 alkoxy, halo, CN, or CF3; R27 is pyridinyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, or furanyl, each of which is optionally substituted with CF3; and R2g is pyrrolidinyl, moφholino or piperidinyl which is optionally substituted with one or more groups that are independently d-C4 alkyl, d-C4 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(Ci-C6 alkyl)amino. In embodiment 79, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 78 wherein at least any one of R4, R5, Rg, and R7 is H, R24 and R25 are independently H or Cι-C4 alkyl. In embodiment 80, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 79 wherein i, R5, Rg, and R are H. In one aspect, R24 and R25 are Cι-C4 alkyl. In another aspect, R24 and R25 are methyl. In yet another aspect, the atom to which R24 is attached is in the S-configuration while the atom to which R25 is attached is in the R-configuration. In still another aspect, the atom to which R24 is attached is in the R-configuration while the atom to which R25 is attached is in the S-configuration. In embodiment 81, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 78 wherein at least one of Rt, R5, Rs, R7, and R24 is H, and R25 is C0-C4 alkyl-NH-phenyl, d-C4 alkyl-pyrrolidinyl, -C(O)O-Co-C4 alkyl-phenyl, or d-C4 alkyl-phenyl wherein the alkyl is substituted with phenyl and OH. In embodiment 82, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 81 wherein i, R5, Rs, R , and R24 are H. In embodiment 83, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 82 wherein R25 is d-C4 alkyl-NH-phenyl. In one aspect, R25 is -CH2-NH-phenyl. In another aspect, the atom to which R25 is attached is in the R-configuration. In yet another aspect, the atom to which R25 is attached is in the S-configuration. In embodiment 84, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 82 wherein R25 is C0-C4 alkyl-pyrrolidinyl. In one aspect, R 5 is -CH2-pyrrolidinyl. In another aspect, the atom to which R25 is attached is in the S-configuration. In yet another aspect, the atom to which R 5 is attached is in the R-configuration. In embodiment 85, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 82 wherein R25 is -C(O)O-d-C4 alkyl-phenyl. In one aspect, R 5 is -C(O)-OCH2-phenyl. In another aspect, the atom to which R 5 is attached is in the S-configuration. In yet another aspect, the atom to which R25 is attached is in the R-configuration. In embodiment 86, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 82 wherein R25 is d-C4 alkyl-phenyl wherein the alkyl portion is substituted with phenyl and OH. In one aspect, R25 is -C(OH)(phenyl) . In another aspect, the atom to which R 5 is attached is in the S-configuration. In yet another aspect, R25 is attached is in the R- configuration. In embodiment 87, the invention provides compounds according to Formula I having the structure
Figure imgf000027_0001
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein Y is sulfur, SO2, SO, oxygen, or NR9; m is 1 or 2;
Ri is H, oxo or Ci-d-alkyl; Ri, Rζ, Rη and Rg are independently H or fluoro;
R9, Rio and Rn are independently H, Cι-C4 alkyl, C -C6 cycloalkyl, or - alkyl-R26; R30 is H, oxo, Cι-C4 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, -C(O)-R28, -C(O)R26, -C(O)R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, d-d alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, -C(O)NR9R10, C0-C4 alkyl-R26, C0-C4 alkyl-R27, C0-C4 alkyl-R28, or C0-C4 alkyl-C(O)-ORπ;
R20 is H, Cι-C4 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, -C(O)-R28, -C(O)R26, -C(O)R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2- C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, -C(O)NR9R10, C0-C4 alkyl-R26, d-C alkyl-R27, C0-C4 alkyl-R28, or C0-d alkyl-C(O)-ORι i ;
R26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with one or two groups that are independently OH, Ci- alkyl, or Cι-C alkoxy; R is pyridinyl, diazolyl, friazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, or furanyl, each of which is optionally substituted with CF3; and R28 is pyrrolidinyl, moφholino or piperidinyl which is optionally substituted with one or more groups that are independently Cι-C4 alkyl, Cι-C4 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(Cι-C6 alkyl)amino. In embodiment 88, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 87 wherein at least one of Ri, R5, Rs, and R7 is H, Y is NH, m is 2, Ri and R3o are oxo, and R2o is phenyl optionally substituted with Cι-C alkyl or OH. In embodiment 89, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 88 wherein R4, R5, Rs, and R7 are H. In embodiment 90, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 89 wherein at least one R2o is phenyl. In embodiment 91, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 89 wherein one R2o is phenyl and the other is phenyl substituted with Cι-C4 alkyl or OH. In one aspect, the other R2o is phenyl substituted with the d-C4 alkyl. In another aspect, the other R2o is phenyl substituted with methyl. In still another aspect, the other R2o is 4-methylphenyl. In still another aspect, the other R2o is phenyl substituted with the OH. In still another aspect, the other R2o is 3-hydroxyphenyl. In embodiment 92, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 87 wherein at least one of R4, R5, Rs, R7, Rl5 and R3o is H, Y is oxygen, m is 2, and R2o is d-C4 alkyl. In embodiment 93, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 92 wherein R4, R5, Rs, R7, Rl5 and R19 are H. In one aspect, R2o is methyl. In embodiment 94, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 87 wherein at least one of Rl5 R5, t, Rs, and R is H, Y is sulfur, m is 1, R3o is R26 wherein R26 is phenyl substituted with two groups that are d-C4 alkoxy, and R2o is -C(O)NR9Rio- In embodiment 95, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 94 wherein Ri, R4, R5, Rs, and R7 are H. In one aspect, the carbon atom to which R2o is attached is in the R-configuration. In another aspect, the carbon atom to which R2o is attached is in the S-configuration. In embodiment 96, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 95 wherein R3o is dimethoxyphenyl. In one aspect, R3o is 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl. In embodiment 97, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 96 wherein R9 is H and Rio is Cι-C4 alkyl-phenyl. In one aspect, R10 is benzyl. In another aspect, Rio is phenyl. In embodiment 98, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 96 wherein R9 is H and Rio is d-C4 alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one aspect, Rio is butyl or sec- butyl. In another aspect, Rio is cyclohexyl. In embodiment 99, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 87 wherein at least one of Rt, R5, Rg, R7, Rl5 R2o, and R30 is H, and Y is sulfur. In embodiment 100, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 99 wherein Rt, R?. Rs, R7, Rl3 R2o, and R30 are H. In embodiment 101, the invention provides compounds according to Formula I having the structure
Figure imgf000029_0001
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein W is CR9 or nitrogen; R29 is H or halo;
Rt, R5, R7 and R8 are independently H or fluoro; R9, RJO and Rπ are independently H or Cι-C4-alkyl;
R19 and R20 are independently H, Ci-C alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, -C(O)R26, -C(O)R27, -C(O)-R28, C2-d alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, -C(O)OH, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)NR9Rιo, C0-C4 a!kyI-R26, C0-C alkyI-R27, C0-C4 alkyl-R28, or C0-C alkyl- C(O)-ORπ; R26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with one or two groups that are independently OH or halo; R27 is pyridinyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, or furanyl, each of which is optionally substituted with CF3; and
R28 is pyrrolidinyl, moφholino or piperidinyl which is optionally substituted with one or more groups that are independently Cι-C alkyl, C C4 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(C C6 alkyI)amino. In embodiment 102, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 101 wherein at least one of Rt, R5, Rs, and R7 is H, R 9 is H or halo, R20 is H or -C(O)OH, and Rι is H, Cι-C alkyl, or R26, wherein R 6 is phenyl substituted with chloro and OH. In embodiment 103, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 102 wherein R4, R5, Rs, and R7 are H. In embodiment 104, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 103 wherein R29 is halo, R2o is -C(O)-OH, and R19 is H. In one aspect, R 9 is iodo. In embodiment 105, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 103 wherein R29 is halo, R2o is H, and Rι9 is Cι-C4 alkyl. In one aspect, R29 is bromo. In another aspect, R19 is methyl. In embodiment 106, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 103 wherein R29 and R2o are H, and R19 is phenyl substituted with chloro and OH. In one aspect, R19 is 2-hydroxy-5-chloro-phenyl. In embodiment 107, the invention provides compounds according to Formula I having any of the following structures
Figure imgf000030_0001
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein m is 1 or 2;
R29 is H, d- alkyl, or d-C6 alkoxy; Rt, R5, R7 and Rs are independently H or fluoro; and R9, R^ and Rπ are independently H, Cι-C4-alkyl, or - alkyl-R26; R30 and R20 are independently H, d-d alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, -C(O)-R28, -C(O)R26, -C(O)R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, Cι-C6 alkoxy, -C(O)NR9Rιo, C0-C4 alkyl-R26, C0-d alkyl-R27, C0-C4 alkyl-R28, or C0-C alkyl-C(O)-ORπ; R26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with one or two groups that are independently d-d alkyl, C.-C4 alkoxy, halo, CN, or CF3; R27 is pyridinyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, or furanyl, each of which is optionally substituted with CF3; and R28 is pyrrolidinyl, moφholino or piperidinyl which is optionally substituted with one or more groups that are independently C1-C4 alkyl, Cι-C alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(C1-C6 alkyl)amino. In embodiment 108, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 107 wherein at least one of R4, R5, Rs, R7 and R29 is H, m is 1, and R3o and R o are independently H or Ci-C alkyl. In embodiment 109, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 108 wherein R4, R5, Rs, R7 and R29 are H. In embodiment 110, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 109 wherein R3o and R2o are d-C4 alkyl. In one aspect, R20 and R3o are methyl. In embodiment 111, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 109 wherein R30 and R2o are H. In embodiment 112, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 107 wherein at least one of R29, R5, R4, Rs, R , R3o, and R2o is H, and m is 2. In one aspect, R29, R5, Rt, Rs, R7, R30, and R20 are H. In embodiment 112 A, the invention provides compounds according to any one of embodiments 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, or 112 with the following core:
Figure imgf000031_0001
In embodiment 112B, the invention provides compounds according to any one of embodiments 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, or 112 with the following core:
Figure imgf000031_0002
In embodiment 112B1, the invention provides compounds of embodiment 112B, wherein R30 is C(O)NR9Rιo, where R9 and Rio are independently H, Ci-C4-alkyl, or -d alkyl-R26. In another aspect, R9 is H or methyl. In still another aspect, R is H and Rio is -CH2-R26.
In embodiment 112C, the invention provides compounds according to any one of embodiments 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, or 112 with the following core:
Figure imgf000031_0003
In embodiment 113, the invention provides compounds according to Formula I having the structure
Figure imgf000032_0001
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein n is 0, or an interger from 1 to 3; m is 1 or 2; Ri is H, Ci-Cβ alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, -C(O)R28, -C(O)R26, -C(O)R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R27, C2-C6 alkenyl-R28, C2-C6 alkenyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, C0-C6 alkyl-R28, C0-C6 alkyl- C(O)NR9Rιo, Co-C6 alkyl-C(O)ORπ, Cι-C6 alkoxy, or C0-C4 alkyl-phenyl; R4, R5, R and R8 are independently H or fluoro;
R26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with one or two groups that are independently Ci-d alkyl, C C4 alkoxy, halo, CN, or CF3;
R27 is pyridinyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, or furanyl, each of which is optionally substituted with CF3; and R28 is pyrrolidinyl, moφholino or piperidinyl which is optionally substituted with one or more groups that are independently d-C4 alkyl, Cι-C4 alkoxy, halo, CN, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(Cι-C6 alkyl)amino. In embodiment 114, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 113 wherein at least one of R4, R5, Rs and R7 is H, m and n are 1, and Ri is d-C4 alkyl-phenyl. In embodiment 115, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 114 wherein R4, R5, Rs and R7 are H. In embodiment 116, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 115 wherein Ri is phenyl. In embodiment 117, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 113 wherein at least one of Rl5 R5, Rt, Rs, and R7 is H, and m is 2. In embodiment 118, the invention provides compounds according to embodiment 117 wherein Rl5 R5, Rt, Rs, and R7 are H. In embodiment 119, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of the embodiments 1 to 118 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, solvent, adjuvant or excipient, or a combination thereof. In embodiment 120, the invention provides a method of treating a patient who has, or in preventing a patient from getting, a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease (AD), for helping prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease, for treating patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and preventing or delaying the onset of Alzheimer's disease in those who would progress from MCI to AD, for treating Down's syndrome, for treating humans who have Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of the Dutch-Type, for treating cerebral amyloid angiopathy and preventing its potential consequences, i.e. single and recurrent lobar hemorrhages, for treating other degenerative dementias, including dementias of mixed vascular and degenerative origin, dementia associated with Parkinson's disease, dementia associated with progressive supranuclear palsy, dementia associated with cortical basal degeneration, age related macular degeneration, or diffuse Lewy body type of Alzheimer' s disease and who is in need of such treatment which comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compounds of any one of embodiments 1 to 119.
The invention further provides for a method of treating a patient who has, or in preventing or delaying a patient from getting, a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Down's syndrome, Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of the Dutch-Type, cerebral amyloid angiopathy and its potential consequences, i.e. single and recurrent lobar hemorrhages, other degenerative dementias, including dementias of mixed vascular and degenerative origin, dementia associated with Parkinson's disease, dementia associated with progressive supranuclear palsy, dementia associated with cortical basal degeneration, age related macular degeneration, or diffuse Lewy body type of Alzheimer's disease and who is in need of such treatment which comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or salt of formula I. The invention also provides for a method of preparing a compound or salt of formula I. In another aspect, the compounds of the invention have minimal interaction or preferably, no interaction with Notch.
Definitions The definitions and explanations below are for the terms as used throughout this entire document including both the specification and the claims. It should be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a composition containing "a compound" includes a mixture of two or more compounds. It should also be noted that the term "or" is generally employed in its sense including "and/or" unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Where multiple substituents are indicated as being attached to a structure, it is to be understood that the substituents can be the same or different. Thus for example "Rm optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 Rq groups" indicates that Rm is substituted with 1, 2, or 3 Rq groups where the Rq groups can be the same or different. APP, amyloid precursor protein, is defined as any APP polypeptide, including APP variants, mutations, and isoforms, for example, as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,766,846. A beta, amyloid beta peptide, is defined as any peptide resulting from beta-secretase mediated cleavage of APP, including peptides of 39, 40, 41, 42, and 43 amino acids, and extending from the beta-secretase cleavage site to amino acids 39, 40, 41, 42, or 43. Pharmaceutically acceptable refers to those properties and/or substances that are acceptable to the patient from a toxicological and/or safety point of view. A therapeutically effective amount is defined as an amount effective to reduce or lessen at least one symptom of the disease being treated or to reduce or delay onset of one or more clinical markers or symptoms of the disease. By "alkyl" and "d-d alkyl" in the present invention is meant straight or branched chain alkyl groups having 1-6 carbon atoms, such as, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n- butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, 2-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, and 3-methylpentyl. It is understood that in cases where an alkyl chain of a substituent (e.g. of an alkyl, alkoxy or alkenyl group) is shorter or longer than 6 carbons, it will be so indicated in the second "C" as, for example, "d-do indicates a maximum of 10 carbons. By "alkoxy" and "d-C6 alkoxy" in the present invention is meant straight or branched chain alkyl groups having 1-6 carbon atoms, attached through at least one divalent oxygen atom, such as, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentoxy, isopentoxy, neopentoxy, hexoxy, and 3-methylpentoxy. By the term "halogen" in the present invention is meant fluorine, bromine, chlorine, and/or iodine. "Alkenyl" and "C2-C6 alkenyl" means straight and branched hydrocarbon radicals having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and from one to three double bonds and includes, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, l-but-3-enyl, l-pent-3-enyl, l-hex-5-enyl and the like. "Alkynyl" and "C2-C6 alkynyl" means straight and branched hydrocarbon radicals having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and one or two triple bonds and includes ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentyn-2-yl and the like. As used herein, the term "cycloalkyl" refers to saturated carbocyclic radicals having three to twelve carbon atoms. The cycloalkyl can be monocyclic, a polycyclic fused system, or a bi or polycyclic bridged system, such as adamantyl or bicyclo[2.2.1] heptyl. Examples of such radicals "include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. Preferred cycloalkyl groups are cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl. The cycloalkyl groups herein are unsubstituted or, as specified, substituted in one or more substitutable positions with various groups. For example, such cycloalkyl groups may be optionally substituted with, for example, d- alkyl, d-C6 alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nifro, amino, mono(C1-C6)alkylamino, di(Cι-d)alkylamino, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, Ci-d haloalkyl, Ci-d haloalkoxy, amino(Ci-C6)alkyl, mono(Cι-C6)alkylamino(Ci-C6)alkyl or di(d- C )alkylamino(C i -C6)alky 1. By "aryl" is meant an aromatic carbocyclic group having a single ring (e.g., phenyl) or multiple condensed rings in which at least one is aromatic, (e.g., 1,2,3,4- tefrahydronaphthyl, naphthyl), which is optionally mono-, di-, or trisubstituted. Preferred aryl groups of the present invention are phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, indanyl, indenyl, dihydronaphthyl, fluorenyl, tefralinyl or 6,7,8,9-tefrahydro-5H-benzo[a]cycloheptenyl. The aryl groups herein are unsubstituted or, as specified, substituted in one or more substitutable positions with various groups. For example, such aryl groups may be optionally substituted with, for example, d-C6 alkyl, Ci-d alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nifro, amino, mono(Cι-d)alkylamino, di(Ci-C6)alkylamino, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, d-C6 haloalkyl, d-d haloalkoxy, amino(C1-C6)alkyl, mono(Ci-C6)alkylamino(Ci-C6)alkyl or di(d- C6)alkylamino(C1-C6)alkyl. By "heteroaryl" is mean at least one or more aromatic ring systems of 5-, 6-, or 7- membered rings which includes fused ring systems of 9-11 atoms containing at least one and up to four heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. Preferred heteroaryl groups of the present invention include pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, quinolinyl, benzothienyl, indolyl, indolinyl, pryidazinyl, pyrazinyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, indolizinyl, indazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofiiranyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tefrazolyl, isothiazolyl, naphthyridinyl, isochromanyl, chromanyl, tefrahydroisoquinolinyl, isomdolinyl, isobenzotefrahydrofuranyl, isobenzotefrahydrothienyl, isobenzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, pyridopyridinyl, benzotefrahydrofuranyl, benzotefrahyifrothienyl, purinyl, benzodioxolyl, triazinyl, pteridinyl, benzothiazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazothiazolyl, dihydrobenzisoxazinyl, benzisoxazinyl, benzoxazinyl, dihydrobenzisothiazinyl, benzopyranyl, benzothiopyranyl, chromonyl, chromanonyl, pyridinyl-N-oxide, tetrahydroquinolinyl, dihydroquinolinyl, dihydroquinolinonyl, dihydroisoquinolinonyl, dihydrocoumarinyl, dihydroisocoumarinyl, isoindolinonyl, benzodioxanyl, benzoxazolinonyl, pyrrolyl N-oxide„ pyrimidinyl N-oxide, pyridazinyl N- oxide, pyrazinyl N-oxide, quinolinyl N-oxide, indolyl N-oxide, indolinyl N-oxide, isoquinolyl N-oxide, quinazolinyl N-oxide, quinoxalinyl N-oxide, phthalazinyl N-oxide, imidazolyl N- oxide, isoxazolyl N-oxide, oxazolyl N-oxide, thiazolyl N-oxide, indolizinyl N-oxide, indazolyl N-oxide, benzothiazolyl N-oxide, benzimidazolyl N-oxide, pyrrolyl N-oxide, oxadiazolyl N- oxide, thiadiazolyl N-oxide, triazolyl N-oxide, tefrazolyl N-oxide, benzothiopyranyl S-oxide, benzothiopyranyl S,S-dioxide. The heteroaryl groups herein are unsubstituted or, as specified, substituted in one or more substitutable positions with various groups. For example, such heteroaryl groups may be optionally substituted with, for example, Ci-d alkyl, Ci-d alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, amino, mono(Cι-C6)alkylamino, di(d- d)aUkylamino, d-dalkenyl, C2-dalkynyl, d-d haloalkyl, Ci- haloalkoxy, amino(Cι: d)alkyl, mono(Cι-C6)alkylamino(Cι-C6)alkyl or di(Ci-C6)alkylamino(Ci-C6)alkyl. By "heterocycle", "heterocycloalkyl" or "heterocyclyl" is meant one or more carbocyclic ring systems of 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered rings which includes fused ring systems of 9-11 atoms containing at least one and up to four heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. Preferred heterocycles of the present invention include moφholinyl, thiomoφholinyl, thiomoφholinyl S-oxide, thiomoφholinyl S,S-dioxide, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, tefrahydropyranyl, piperidinyl, tefrahydrofuranyl, tefrahydrothienyl, homopiperidinyl, homomoφholinyl, homothiomoφholinyl, homothiomoφholinyl S,S-dioxide, oxazolidinonyl, dihydropyrazolyl, dihydropyrrolyl, dihydropyrazinyl, dihydropyridinyl, dihydropyrimidinyl, dihydrofuryl, dihydropyranyl, tefrahydrothienyl S-oxide, tefrahydrothienyl S,S-dioxide and homothiomoφholinyl S-oxide. The heterocycle groups herein are unsubstituted or, as specified, substituted in one or more substitutable positions with various groups. For example, such heterocycle groups may be optionally substituted with, for example, d-C6 alkyl, d-C6 alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nifro, amino, mono(Ci-C6)alkylamino, di(Cι-C6)alkylamino, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, d-d haloalkyl, d-d haloalkoxy, amino(Ci-C6)alkyl, mono(Cι-C6)alkylamino(Ci-C6)alkyl, di(C1-C6)alkylamino(C1-C6)alkyl or =O. Structures were named using Name Pro IUPAC Naming Software, version 5.09, available from Advanced Chemical Development, Inc., 90 Adelaide Street West, Toronto, Ontario, M5H 3V9, Canada or using ChemDraw v. 6.02, ChemDraw v. 8.03, or ChemDraw v. 9.01, all of which are available from Cambridgesoft at 100 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140 (www.cambridgesoft.com). The compounds of this invention may contain one or more asyrnmetric carbon atoms, so that the compounds can exist in different stereoisomeric forms. These compounds can be, for example, racemates, chiral non-racemic or diastereomers. In these situations, the single enantiomers, i.e., optically active forms, can be obtained by asymmetric synthesis or by resolution of the racemates. Resolution of the racemates can be accomplished, for example, by conventional methods such as crystallization in the presence of a resolving agent; chromatography, using, for example a chiral HPLC column; or derivatizing the racemic mixture with a resolving reagent to generate diastereomers, separating the diastereomers via chromatography, and removing the resolving agent to generate the original compound in enantiomerically enriched form. Any of the above procedures can be repeated to increase the enantiomeric purity of a compound. Non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to salts of inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, diphosphoric, hydrobromic, and nitric or salts of organic acids such as formic, citric, malic, maleic, fumaric, tartaric, succinic, acetic, lactic, methanesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, 2-hydroxyethylsulfonic, salicylic and stearic. Similarly, pharmaceutically acceptable cations include, but are not limited to sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum, lithium and ammonium. Those skilled in the art will recognize a wide variety of non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts. The invention also encompasses prodrugs of the compounds of Formula I. The invention also encompasses the acylated prodrugs of the compounds of Formula I. Those skilled in the art will recognize various synthetic methodologies, which may be employed to prepare non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts and acylated prodrugs of the compounds encompassed by Formula I. The term "acid prodrug group" denotes a moiety that is converted in vivo into an active carboxylic acid compound of formula I. Such prodrug groups are generally known in the art and include ester foπrύng groups, to form an ester prodrug, such as benzyloxy, di(Cι- C6)alkylaminoethyloxy, acetoxymethyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, phthalidoyl, ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl, 5-methyl-2-oxo-l,3-dioxol-4-yl methyl, and (Cι-d)alkoxy optionally substituted by N-moφholino and anήde-forming groups such as di(Cι- d)alkylamino. Preferred prodrug groups include d-C6 alkoxy forming an ester, and OTVT1" where IvT1" represents a cation to form a salt of the acid. Preferred cations include sodium, potassium, and ammonium. Other cations include magnesium and calcium. Further preferred prodrug groups include O=M++ where M"1-1" is a divalent cation such as magnesium or calcium. When the compounds described herein contain olefinic double bonds or other centers of geometric asymmetry, and unless otherwise specified, it is intended that the compounds include the cis, trans, Z- and E- configurations. Likewise, all tautomeric forms are also intended to be included. The invention also encompasses the prodrugs of the compounds of Formula I. Those skilled in the art will recognize various synthetic methodologies that may be employed to prepare non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of the compounds encompassed by Formula I. Those skilled in the art will recognize a wide variety of non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, such as water, ethanol, mineral oil, vegetable oil, and dimethy lsulfoxide . The compounds of general Formula I may be administered orally, topically, parenterally, by inhalation or spray or rectally in dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles. The term parenteral as used herein includes percutaneous, subcutaneous, intravascular (e.g., intravenous), intramuscular, or infrathecal injection or infusion techniques and the like. In addition, there is provided a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound of general Formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. One or more compounds of general Formula I may be present in association with one or more non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or diluents and/or adjuvants, and if desired other active ingredients. The pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of general Formula I may be in a form suitable for oral use, for example, as tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsion, hard or soft capsules, or syrups or elixirs. Compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preservative agents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations. Tablets contain the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients that are suitable for the manufacture of tablets. These excipients may be for example, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for example, corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, for example starch, gelatin or acacia, and lubricating agents, for example magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. The tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated by known techniques. In some cases such coatings may be prepared by known techniques to delay disintegration and absoφtion in the gasfroiniestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a time delay material such as glyceryl monosterate or glyceryl distearate may be employed. Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsules, wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil. Formulations for oral use may also be presented as lozenges. Aqueous suspensions contain the active materials in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions. Such excipients are suspending agents, for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydropropyl-methylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide, for example, lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for example polyoxyethylene stearate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives, for example ethyl,- or n-propyl p- hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents, and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose or saccharin. Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredients in a vegetable oil, for example arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin. The oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents and flavoring agents may be added to provide palatable oral preparations. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid. Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents or suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above. Additional excipients, for example sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents, may also be present. Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the form of oil-in- water emulsions. The oily phase may be a vegetable oil or a mineral oil or mixtures of these. Suitable emulsifying agents may be naturally-occurring gums, for example gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally-occurring phosphatides, for example soy bean, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol, anhydrides, for example sorbitan monooleate, and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for example polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents. Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for example glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, glucose or sucrose. Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative and flavoring and coloring agents. The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents that have been mentioned above. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non- toxic parentally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this puφose any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono-or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables. The compounds of general Formula I may also be administered in the form of suppositories, e.g., for rectal administration of the drug. These compositions can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient that is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug. Such materials include cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols. Compounds of general Formula I may be administered parenterally in a sterile medium. The drug, depending on the vehicle and concenfration used, can either be suspended or dissolved in the vehicle. Advantageously, adjuvants such as local anesthetics, preservatives and buffering agents can be dissolved in the vehicle. For disorders of the eye or other external tissues, e.g., mouth and skin, the formulations are preferably applied as a topical gel, spray, ointment or cream, or as a suppository, containing the active ingredients in a total amount of, for example, 0.075 to 30% w/w, preferably 0.2 to 20% w/w and most preferably 0.4 to 15% w/w. When formulated in an ointment, the active ingredients may be employed with either paraffinic or a water-miscible ointment base. Alternatively, the active ingredients may be formulated in a cream with an oil-in- water cream base. If desired, the aqueous phase of the cream base may include, for example at least 30% w/w of a polyhydric alcohol such as propylene glycol, butane- 1,3-diol, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol and mixtures thereof. The topical formulation may desirably include a compound which enhances absoφtion or penetration of the active ingredient through the skin or other affected areas. Examples of such dermal penetration enhancers include dimethylsulfoxide and related analogs. The compounds of this invention can also be administered by a transdermal device. Preferably topical administration will be accomplished using a patch either of the reservoir and porous membrane type or of a solid matrix variety. In either case, the active agent is delivered continuously from the reservoir or microcapsules through a membrane into the active agent permeable adhesive, which is in contact with the skin or mucosa of the recipient. If the active agent is absorbed through the skin, a controlled and predetermined flow of the active agent is administered to the recipient. In the case of microcapsules, the encapsulating agent may also function as the membrane. The transdermal patch may include the compound in a suitable solvent system with an adhesive system, such as an acrylic emulsion, and a polyester patch. The oily phase of the emulsions of this invention may be constituted from known ingredients in a known manner. While the phase may comprise merely an emulsifier, it may comprise a mixture of at least one emulsifier with a fat or oil or with both a fat and an oil. Preferably, a hydrophilic emulsifier is included together with a lipophilic emulsifier, which acts as a stabilizer. It is also preferred to include both an oil and a fat. Together, the emulsifier(s) with or without stabilizer(s) make-up the so-called emulsifying wax, and the wax together with the oil and fat make up the so-called emulsifying ointment base, which forms the oily, dispersed phase of the cream formulations. Emulsifiers and emulsion stabilizers suitable for use in the formulation of the invention include Tween 60, Span 80, cetostearyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate, and sodium lauryl sulfate, among others. The choice of suitable oils or fats for the formulation is based on achieving the desired cosmetic properties, since the solubility of the active compound in most oils likely to be used in pharmaceutical emulsion formulations is very low. Thus, the cream should preferably be a non-greasy, non- staining and washable product with suitable consistency to avoid leakage from tubes or other containers. Straight or branched chain, mono- or dibasic alkyl esters such as di-isoadipate, isocetyl stearate, propylene glycol diester of coconut fatty acids, isopropyl myristate, decyl oleate, isopropyl palmitate, butyl stearate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate or a blend of branched chain esters may be used. These may be used alone or in combination depending on the properties required. Alternatively, high melting point lipids such as white soft paraffin and/or liquid paraffin or other mineral oils can be used. Formulations suitable for topical adminisfration to the eye also include eye drops wherein the active ingredients are dissolved or suspended in suitable carrier, especially an aqueous solvent for the active ingredients. The anti-inflammatory active ingredients are preferably present in such formulations in a concentration of 0.5 to 20%, advantageously 0.5 to 10% and particularly about 1.5% w/w. For therapeutic puφoses, the active compounds of this combination invention are ordinarily combined with one or more adjuvants appropriate to the indicated route of administration. The compounds may be admixed with lactose, sucrose, starch powder, cellulose esters of alkanoic acids, cellulose alkyl esters, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, magnesium oxide, sodium and calcium salts of phosphoric and sulfuric acids, gelatin, acacia gum, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and/or polyvinyl alcohol, and then tableted or encapsulated for convenient adminisfration. Such capsules or tablets may contain a confrolled-release formulation as may be provided in a dispersion of active compound in hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose. Formulations for parenteral adminisfration may be in the form of aqueous or non-aqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions or suspensions. These solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders or granules having one or more of the carriers or diluents mentioned for use in the formulations for oral adminisfration. The compounds may be dissolved in water, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, benzyl alcohol, sodium chloride, and/or various buffers. Other adjuvants and modes of adminisfration are well and widely known in the pharmaceutical art. Dosage levels of the order of from about 0.1 mg to about 140 mg per kilogram of body weight per day are useful in the freatment of the above-indicated conditions (about 0.5 mg to about 7 g per patient per day). The amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of adminisfration. Dosage unit forms will generally contain between from about 1 mg to about 500 mg of an active ingredient. The daily dose can be administered in one to four doses per day. In the case of skin conditions, it may be preferable to apply a topical preparation of compounds of this invention to the affected area two to four times a day. It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of adminisfration, route of adminisfration, and rate of excretion, drug combination and the severity of the particular disease undergoing therapy. For administration to non-human animals, the composition may also be added to the animal feed or drinking water. It may be convenient to formulate the animal feed and drinking water compositions so that the animal takes in a therapeutically appropriate quantity of the composition along with its diet. It may also be convenient to present the composition as a premix for addition to the feed or drinking water. The disclosures in this document of all articles and references, including patents, are incoφorated herein by reference in their entirety. The invention is illustrated further by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention in scope or spirit to the specific procedures described in them. The starting materials and various intermediates may be obtained from commercial sources, prepared from commercially available compounds, and/or prepared using known synthetic methods.
General Synthetic Procedures The compounds of the invention can be prepared using methods known in the art of organic synthesis. For example, the compounds of the invention, as well as all intermediates, can be synthesized by known processes using either solution or solid phase techniques, as shown below. Representative procedures for preparing compounds of the invention are outlined in the following schemes. Additionally, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, conventional protecting groups may be -necessary to prevent certain functional groups from undergoing undesired reactions. Suitable protecting groups for various functional groups as well as suitable conditions for protecting and deprotecting particular functional groups are well known in the art. For example, numerous protecting groups are described in T. W. Greene and G. M. Wuts, Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, Second Edition, Wiley, New York, 1991, and references cited therein.
Compounds of formula II to XI can be prepared by various methods known to those skilled in the art. For example, compounds of formula II to XI can be synthesized by known processes using either solution or solid phase techniques, as shown below.
Scheme 1: Compounds of Formula II-XI
R101
Figure imgf000044_0001
1.0 2.0 II to XI kyl, alkenyl optionally substituted with a heteroatom and R
Figure imgf000044_0002
Sulfonylation of secondary cyclic amines 1.0 (Ri cyclized to R2) with an appropriate sulfonylhalide 2.0 in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane, diethylether, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate or acetone, in the presence of a base such as pyridine, diisopropylethylamine or triethylamine, afford compounds of formula II to XI.
Figure imgf000044_0003
Scheme 2: Compounds of Formula II, VI and VII
Wherein n is 1 or 2, Rtoi is R2, R3, R21, R22, R15 or R24, R501 is R23 or Ri, and R oι is
Figure imgf000044_0004
Sulfonylation of aminoacids 3.0 with an appropriate sulfonylhalide 4.0 in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane, diethylether, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate or acetone, in the presence of a base such as pyridine, diisopropylethylamine or triethylamine, afford compounds of formula 5.0. Compounds 5.0 are further functionalized by freatment with a primary (Re = H) or secondary amine in the presence of a suitable solvent such as dimethylformamide, tefrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, acetonitrile or pyridine with a base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or pyridine, followed by the addition of O-(7- Azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU), (l-(3- (dimethylamino)propyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and HOBT to afford compounds of formula II, VI or VTI.
Figure imgf000045_0001
6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 HNR9R10 HATU DMF Et3N
Figure imgf000045_0002
Scheme 3: Compounds of Formula Vffl
Wherein n is 1 and R3oι is
Figure imgf000045_0003
Refluxing primary amines 6.0 with appropriate aldehydes in a suitable solvent such as methanol yields aminoacids 7.0. Subsequent sulfonylation of aminoacids 7.0 with an appropriate sulfonylhalide 8.0 in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane, diethylether, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate or acetone, in the presence of a base such as pyridine, diisopropylethylamine or triethylamine afford compounds of formula 9.0. Compounds 9.0 are further functionalized by freatment with a primary (R9 = H) or secondary amine in the presence of a suitable solvent such as dimethylformamide, tefrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, acetonitrile or pyridine with a base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or pyridine, followed by the addition of O-(7-Azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-teframethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU), (l-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and HOBT to afford compounds of formula VIII. Certain compounds of this invention are prepared from other compounds of this invention via -known reactions and functional group transformations. Examples of such fransformations are ester hydrolysis, amide formation, and reductive alkylation; with examples of these are described in the preparations below. Starting materials are obtained from commercial sources or prepared by known methods as described in the examples below. Compounds included in this invention are exemplified by the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. Analogous structures and alternative synthetic routes within the scope of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In the following examples, MH1" refers to the mass as determined by LC/MS carried out on a ThermoHypersil-Key stone BDS Hypersil C18 column (50 mm x 3 mm, 5 micron particle size). MNa+ is used to identify the product based on its sodium adduct. Elution conditions for LC/MS are as follows: Solvents: A. Water with 0.05% TFA (v/v); B.
Acetonitrile with 0.05% TFA (v/v); Flow rate: 3 mL/min Gradient Method Time (min) %B Cone 0 5 0.25 5 2.75 95 3.5 95 3.6 5 4.0 STOP
To isolate compounds of the following examples, a Varian reverse-phase preparative HPLC, was employed utilizing a Phenomenex Aqua ds column (60 mm x 21.2 mm, 5 micron particle size). Elution conditions for the HPLC are as follows: Solvents: A. Water with 0.1% TFA (v/v); B. Acetonitrile with 0.1% TFA (v/v); Flow rate: 25 mL/min Gradient Method Time (min) %B Cone 0 5 0.75 5 9.5 100 10.5 100 11.5 5 12.0 STOP
Example 1
Figure imgf000047_0001
A mixture of commercially available DL-anabasine (64.9 mg; 0.4 mmol) and pyridine (252 ul; 3.2 mmol) was stirred in CH2C12 at 0°C for 1 h. 4-chlorobenzenesulfonylchloride (126.6 mg; 0.6 mmol) was added and subsequently stirred at 10°C for 18 h. The crude reaction mixture was then purified on a Varian reverse-phase preparative HPLC to afford the product example 1
Example 2
Figure imgf000047_0002
Step l A mixture of DL-indoline-2-carboxylic acid (50 mg; 0.31 mmol) and pyridine (97 ul; 1.24 mmol) was stirred in CH2C12 at 0°C for 1 h. 4-chlorobenzenesulfonylchloride (97 mg; 0.46 mmol) was added and subsequently stirred at 10°C for 24 h. The crude reaction mixture was then purified on a Varian reverse-phase preparative HPLC to afford the desired product. Step 2 A portion of the product formed in Step 1 (0.06 mmol) was dissolved in DMF and treated with aniline (5.6 ul; 0.06 mmol) and triethylamine (33 ul; 0.24 mmol). Subsequent addition of HATU (23 mg; 0.06 mmol) facilitated the amide bond formation. The resulting crude reaction mixture was then purified on a Varian reverse-phase preparative HPLC to afford the product example 2.
Example 3
Figure imgf000048_0001
Step l A mixture of 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (1.66g; 10 mmol) and L-cysteine (1.21g; 10 mmol) was heated to reflux for 18h in methanol. The reaction was then cooled in an ice bath and resulting cyclized product was filtered and washed with cold methanol.
Step 2 A portion of the product from Step 1 (484 mg; 1.8 mmol) and pyridine (711 ul; 9 mmol) was stirred in CH2C12 at 0°C for 1 h. 4-chlorobenzenesulfonylchloride (570 mg; 2.7 mmol) was added and subsequently stirred at 0°C for 24 h. The crude reaction mixture was then purified on a Varian reverse-phase preparative HPLC to afford the desired product. Step 3 A portion of the product formed in Step 2 (0.033 mmol) was dissolved in DMF and treated with aniline (3.1 ul; 0.033 mmol) and triethylamine (18 ul; 0.13 mmol). Subsequent addition of HATU (12 mg; 0.033 mmol) facilitated the amide bond formation. The resulting crude reaction mixture was then purified on a Varian reverse-phase preparative HPLC to afford the product in Example 3(138). The following compounds were prepared essentially according to the methods and procedures described above.
Figure imgf000049_0001
Figure imgf000050_0001
Figure imgf000051_0001
Figure imgf000052_0001
Figure imgf000053_0001
Figure imgf000054_0001
Figure imgf000055_0001
Figure imgf000056_0001
Figure imgf000057_0001
Notch signaling assay for selective inhibitors of gamma secretase.
A convergence of evidence indicates that the gamma secretase complex, comprised of the presenilin subunits, mediates the infra-membrane cleavage of Amyloid precursor protein (APP), and the Notch family of proteins (De Sfrooper, B., P. Saftig, K. Craessaerts, H. Vanderstichele, G. Guhde, W. Annaert, K. Von Figura and F. Van Leuven (1998). "Deficiency of presenilin-1 inhibits the normal cleavage of amyloid precursor protein." Nature 391(6665): 387-90; De Sfrooper, B., W. Annaert, P. Cupers, P. Saftig, K. Craessaerts, J. S. Mumm, E. H. Schroeter, V. Schrijvers, M. S. Wolfe, W. J. Ray et al. (1999). "A presenilin-1 -dependent gamma-secretase-like protease mediates release of Notch infracellular domain." Nature 398f6727): 518-22; Mumm, J. S., E. H. Schroeter, M. T. Saxena, A. Griesemer, X. Tian, D. J. Pan, W. J. Ray and R. Kopan (2000). "A ligand-induced extracellular cleavage regulates gamma-secretase-like proteolytic activation of Notchl." Mol Cell 5(2): 197-206; Zhang, Z., P. Nadeau, W. Song, D. Donoviel, M. Yuan, A. Bernstein and B. A. Yankner (2000). "Presenilins are required for gamma-secretase cleavage of beta- APP and transmembrane cleavage of Notch-1." Nat Cell Biol 2(7): 463-5). Cleavage of APP by gamma secretase leads to beta-amyloid synthesis. Cleavage of Notchl by gamma secretase results in release of the Notch infracellular domain (NICD), which translocates to the nucleus and activates gene expression (Jarriault, S., C. Brou, F. Logeat, E. H. Schroeter, R. Kopan and A. Israel (1995). "Signalling downstream of activated mammalian Notch." Nature 377(6547): 355-8; Kopan, R., E. H. Schroeter, H. Weinfraub and J. S. Nye (1996). "Signal fransduction by activated Notch: importance of proteolytic processing and its regulation by the extracellular domain." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(4): 1683-8; Schroeter, E. H., J. A. Kisslinger and R. Kopan (1998). "Notch-1 signalling requires ligand-induced proteolytic release of infracellular domain." Nature 393(6683): 382-6). In particular, Notch signaling activates transcription of the mammalian homolog of the Drosophila transcription factor hairy-enhancer of split (Hes). Transcriptional activation of Hesl is mediated by de- repression of CBFl/RBPJk upon binding by NICD in the nucleus. These facts have been exploited to develop a reporter gene assay for Notch Signaling Hsieh, J. J., T. Henkel, P. Salmon, E. Robey, M. G. Peterson and S. D. Hayward (1996). "Truncated mammalian Notchl activates CBFl/RBPJk-repressed genes by a mechanism resembling that of Epstein- Barr virus EBNA2." Mol Cell Biol 16(3): 952-9; Lu, F. M. and S. E. Lux (1996). "Constitutively active human Notchl binds to the transcription factor CBF1 and stimulates transcription through a promoter containing a CBF1 -responsive element." Proc Natl Acad Sci US A 93(11): 5663-7).
Gamma secretase inhibitors have been observed to block NICD formation, and inhibit Notch signaling (De Sfrooper, B., W. Annaert, P. Cupers, P. Saftig, K. Craessaerts, J. S. Mumm, E. H. Schroeter, V. Schrijvers, M. S. Wolfe, W. J. Ray et al. (1999). "A presenilin-1- dependent gamma-secretase-like protease mediates release of Notch infracellular domain." Nature 398(6727): 518-22). Due to the importance of Notch signaling in cell fate determination, and tissue differentiation during both development and in the adult, inhibition of Notch signaling by gamma secretase inhibitors is postulated to be a limiting factor in their therapeutic utility. In order to identify selective gamma secretase inhibitors, we have employed a reporter gene based Notch signaling assay using a constitutively active rat Notchl construct (ZEDN1) provided by Dr Gerry Weinmaster, who is at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) as described in Shawber, C, D. Nofziger, J. J. Hsieh, C. Lindsell, O. Bogler, D. Hayward and G. Weinmaster (1996). "Notch signaling inhibits muscle cell differentiation through a CBF1 -independent pathway." Development 122(12): 3765-73 in combination with the CBF1 repressible Luciferase reporter gene 4xwtCBFlLuc (Hsieh, J. J., T. Efenkel, P. Salmon, E. Robey, M. G, Peterson and S. D. Hayward (1996). "Truncated mammalian Notchl activates CBFl/RBPJk-repressed genes by a mechanism resembling that of Epstein-Barr virus EBNA2." Mol Cell Biol 16(3): 952-9).
When 4xwtCBFl Luciferase is co-fransfected with NotchδE (ZEDN1), gamma- secretase cleavage of NotchδE releases the Notch infracellular domain (NICD), which translocates to the nucleus and de-represses CBF1 mediated franscriptional repression, leading to franscription of the Luciferase reporter gene. Luciferase activity is easily assayed in cell extracts using commercially available kits. The activity of the reporter gene is directly correlated with gamma secretase cleavage of NotchδE, and as such, a reduction in Luciferase activity provides a convenient measure of inhibition of gamma secretase cleavage of NotchδE. A comparison of the IC50 values of compounds for inhibition of Notch signaling versus inhibition of beta-amyloid production in 293 sw cells is employed to guide in the selection of compounds that have the desired property of potent inhibition of beta-amyloid synthesis with mii imal inhibition of Notch Signaling. Compounds 45, 46, and 47, exhibit an IC50 within the range of from about 100 to 1000 nM; compounds 1, 2, 9, 12, 13, 43, 48, 51, 54, 124, and 149, exhibit an IC50 within the range of from about 1000 tol0,000 nM; compounds 56, 65, 74, 116, 138, and 139, exhibit an IC50 of greater than about 10,000 nM. The invention and the manner and process of making and using it, are now described in such full, clear, concise and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, to make and use the same. It is to be understood that the foregoing describes preferred embodiments of the invention and that modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as set forth in the claims. To particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter regarded as invention, the following claims conclude this specification.

Claims

What is claimed is:
1. A compounds of the formula
Figure imgf000060_0001
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein
A-ring is selected from 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, 1,2,3,4-tefrahydroquinolinyl, 1,2,3,4- tefrahydroquinoxalinyl, 1 ,2-dihydroquinolinyl, l,3,4,6,7,8-Hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[l,2- α]pyrimidinyl, l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-onyl, 1,4,7-trioxa-lO-azacyclododecanyl, 1 ,4-diazepanyl, 1 H-naphtho [ 1 ,2-d] imidazolyl, 3 ,4-dihy dro-2H- 1 ,4-benzoxazinyl, azepanyl, decahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, indolinyl, octahydro- 1H- indolyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonanyl, lH-benzimidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, spiro[indene-l,4'-piperidinyl], 5H-dibenzo[bj ]azepinyl, 2-Ηydroxymethyl-l,4-dioxa-8- azaspiro[4.5]decanyl, lOH-phenothiazinyl, l,2,4,5-tefrahydrospiro[2-benzazepine-3,r- cyclohexanyl], 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-β-carbolinyl, and 10,ll-dihydro-5H- dibenzofb Jazepinyl, wherein each of the above groups is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 groups that are independently OΗ, Η, CN, oxo, halo, d- alkoxy, d-C6 alkyl, -C(O)NR9R10, -C(O)N(R9)-Cι-d alkyl-R26, -S-d-C6 alkyl, -C(O)R28, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)ORπ, C0-C6 alkyl-NR9C(O)ORπ, NΗ2, mono- or di-(d-C6 alkyl)amino, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)ORu, CF3, -OCF3, orNO2; or the A-ring is a group having the formula
Figure imgf000060_0002
Figure imgf000061_0001
wherein
W is CR9 or nitrogen; X is sulfur, SO2, SO, or oxygen; Y is sulfur, SO2, SO, oxygen or NR9; m is 1 or 2; n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 8;
Ri at each occurrence is independently OH, H, CN, oxo, halo, Ci-d alkyl, d-d alkoxy, - C(O)Rπ, -C(O)NR9Rιo, -C(O)ORπ, C0-C6alkyl-NR9C(O)ORπ, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R 7, or d-d alkyl-R28, wherein the alkyl portions of each of the above are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 groups that are independently Cι-C6 alkyl, hydroxy-Ci-d alkyl, d-C6 alkoxy, d-d alkyl-R26, halo, OH, oxo, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH , mono- or di-(d-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN; R2 and R3 are independently OH, H, NH2, oxo, mono- or di-(Cι-C6 alkyl)amino, halo, d- alkyl, d-C6 alkoxy, -C(O)NR9R10, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)ORπ, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl- R 7, or Co-C6 alkyl-R28, wherein the alkyl groups are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 groups that are independently d-d alkyl, OH, d-d alkoxy, halo, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(Cι-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN; Rt, Rs, R7 and R8 are independently H, OH, NH2, mono- or di-(d-d al l)amino, halo, Ci- C6 alkoxy, or Ci-d alkyl, wherein the alkoxy and alkyl groups are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 that are independently halo, Ci-d alkyl, d-d alkoxy, OH, oxo, CF3, - OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(d-d alkyl)amino, or CN; Re is chloro, fluoro, iodo, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, or CN;
R9 and R^ are independently H, d-d alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or d-d alkyl-R26; or R9 and Rio together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl; Rii is H, Ci-d alkyl, d-C6 cycloalkyl or d-d alkyl-R26;
Rι2 and R13 are independently OH, H, CN, NH2, C0-d alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, C0-d alkyl-R28, -C(O)NR9R10, mono- or di-(Cι-C6 alkyl)amino, halo, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)ORπ, Ci-d alkyl, or Ci-C6 alkoxy; R14 is H, Ci-d alkyl, or oxo; Ris is Ci-d alkyl, Cι-C6 alkoxy, hydroxy-d-C6 alkyl, d-d alkyl-O-(hydroxy-Cι-C6 alkyl), -C(O)-N(R9)2, -C(O)R27, Co-C6 alkyl-C(O)R28, -C(O)ORn, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, or C0-C6 alkyl-R2 , wherein the alkyl groups are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 groups that are independently d-d alkyl, d-C6 alkoxy, halo, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(d-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN;
Rie and R17 are independently OH, H, CN, NH2, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, C0-C6 alkyl-R28, -C(O)NR9R10, mono- or di-(Cι-C6 alkyl)amino, halo, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)ORπ, Cι-C6 alkyl, or Ci-d alkoxy; Ris is Cι-C6 alkyl or oxo;
Ri9 and R2o are independently OH, H, CN, NH2, mono- or di-(d-d alkyl)amino, halo, Cι-C6 alkyl, Cι-C6 alkoxy, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)ORπ, -C(O)NR9Rιo, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl- R27, or Co-C6 alkyl-R28, wherein the alkyl groups are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 groups that are independently Cι-C6 alkyl, OH, Cι-C6 alkoxy, halo, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(d-d alkyl)amino, or CN;
R 1 and R22are independently H, Ci-C6 alkyl, d-d alkoxy, d-d alkyl-d-C6 alkoxy, - C(O)ORπ, -C(O)NR9Rιo, hydroxy Cι-C6 alkyl, C0-C6 alkyl-R28, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, C0-C6 alkyl-NR9R26, or -C(O)-O-C0-C6 alkyl-R26;
R23 is OH, CN, oxo, NH , mono- or di-(Cι-C6 alkyl)amino, halo, d- alkyl, Cι-C6 alkoxy, Ci-d alkyl-NR9R26, Cι-C6 alkyl-O-Ci-C6 alkyl, -C(O)Rn, -C(O)R27, -C(O)R28, - C(O)NR9R10, -C(O)ORn, C0-C6 alkyl-NR9C(O)ORπ, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, or C0-C6 alkyl-R28;
R24 is H or d- alkyl;
R25 is d-C6 alkyl, C0-C6 alkyl-NR9R26, -C(O)O-C0-C6 alkyl-R26 or C0-C6 alkyl-R2g, or C6 alkyl-R26 wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with d-d alkyl-R 6 or OH;
R29 at each occurrence is independently OH, H, CN, halo, d-C6 alkyl, Cι-C6 alkoxy, - C(O)Rn, -C(O)NR9R10, -C(O)ORπ, C0-C6alkyl-NR9C(O)ORπ, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, or Co-C6 alkyl-R28, wherein the alkyl portions of each of the above are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 groups that are independently Cι-C6 alkyl, hydroxy-d-d alkyl, d-C6 alkoxy, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, halo, OH, oxo, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, CN, mono- or di-(d-C6 alkyl)amino;
R3o is OH, H, oxo, CN, NH2, mono- or di-(d-C6 alkyl)amino, halo, Ci-C6 alkyl, d-d alkoxy, C0-C6 alkyl-C(O)ORπ, -C(O)NR9R10, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, or C0-C6 alkyl-R28, wherein the alkyl groups are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 groups that are independently d-C6 alkyl, OH, Cι-C6 alkoxy, halo, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH , mono- or di-(Cι-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN; R26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 groups that are independently Ci-d alkyl, Ci-d alkoxy, halo, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di- (Ci-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN;
R27 is pyridinyl, benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, l,3-dihydro-2-oxo- benzoimidazol-1-yl, or benzoimidazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 groups that are independently d-d alkyl, Cι-C6 alkoxy, halo, OH, CF3, - OCF3, NO2, NH2, -C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)OR9, mono- or di-(d-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN; and
R28 is pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 groups that are independently d-C6 alkyl, d-d alkoxy, hydroxy-d-C2 alkyl, halo, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(Ci-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN.
2. The compounds according to claim 1 of the formula
Figure imgf000063_0001
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein z is 0, 1, 2, or 3; n is 0, 1 or 2; R], at each occunence is independently OH, H, CN, oxo, halo, Ci-d alkyl, d-C4 alkyl-R28, d-d alkyl-R26, R27, -C(O)Rπ, -C(O)NR9R10, -C(O)ORπ, or C0-C4 alkyl-NR9C(O)ORπ, wherein each of the alkyl groups is optionally substituted with one or two groups that are independently OH or phenyl; R2 and R3 are independently H, -C(O)NR9Rι0, -C(O)OR11, C0-C6 alkyl-R26, C0-C6 alkyl-R27, or Co-C6 alkyl-R28, or Ci-C6 alkyl, wherein the alkyl group is optionally substituted with OH; Rt, R5, R7 and R8 are independently H or fluoro; R9 and Rio are independently H or d-C6 alkyl; R11 is H, or d-d alkyl; R26 is phenyl which is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 groups that are independently Ci- C6 alkyl, C C6 alkoxy, halo, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(d-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN; R27 is pyridinyl, l,3-dihydro-2-oxo-benzoimidazol-l-yl. benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, or benzoimidazolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 groups that are independently Cι-C6 alkyl, Cj-Q alkoxy, halo, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, -C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)N(R9)2, -NR9C(O)OR9, mono- or di-(C C6 alkyl)amino, or CN; and
R28 is pynolidinyl or piperidinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 groups that are independently hydroxy-d-C4 alkyl, d-d alkyl, d-d alkoxy, halo, OH, CF3, -OCF3, NO2, NH2, mono- or di-(Cι-C6 alkyl)amino, or CN.
3. The compounds according to claim 2 wherein at least one of Ri, R5, Rt, R7, and R8 is H, and R2 and R3 are independently H, R27, or d-d alkyl optionally substituted with OH.
4. The compounds according to claim 3 wherein Ri, R5, R4, R , and R8 are H.
5. The compounds according to claim 4 wherein R2 is H and R3 is H, R27, or d-d alkyl optionally substituted with OH.
6. The compounds according to claim 5 wherein R3 is d-d-alkyl.
7. The compounds of claim 5 wherein R3 is pyridinyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, or furanyl.
8. The compounds according to claim 3 wherein R2 and R3 are independently Cj-C4 alkyl.
9. The compounds according to claim 3 wherein R2 and R3 are H.
10. The compounds according to claim 2 wherein at least one of Rt, R5, Rs, R , R2, and R3 is H, n is 1, and Ri is OH, halo, or Cι-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with OH.
11. The compounds according to claim 8 wherein Rt, R5, Rs, R7, R2, and R3 are H.
12. The compounds according claim 11 wherein n is 1 or 2, and each Ri is independently methyl or propyl.
13. The compounds according to claim 3, wherein R2, R3 are independently H, or Ci-d alkyl; and z is 2.
14. A compounds according to claim 1 of the formula
Figure imgf000065_0001
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein
Rt, R5, R7 and R8 are independently H or fluoro;
R24 is H or Cι-C4 alkyl; and
R25 is Ci-d alkyl, C0-C4 alkyl-NH-phenyl, -C(O)O-C0-C4 alkyl-phenyl, C0-C4 alkyl- pyrrolidinyl, or Co-C4 alkyl-phenyl wherein the alkyl portion is optionally substituted with phenyl and OH.
15. The compounds according to claim 14 wherein Rt, R5, Rs, and R7 are H.
16. The compounds according to claim 15 wherein R24 and R25 are d-C4 alkyl.
17. The compounds according to claim 1 of the formulas
Figure imgf000065_0002
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein m is 1 or 2; R29 is H, Ci-d alkyl, or d-d alkoxy;
Rt, R5, R7 and Rg are independently H or fluoro; and R3o and R20 are independently H, d-C4 alkyl, or d-d alkoxy; or R o is C(O)NR9Rio, where R9 and R10 are independently H, Cι-C4-alkyl, or d-d alkyl-R26.
18. The compounds according to claim 17 wherein at least one of Rt, R5, Rs, R7 and R2 is H, m is 1, and R3o and R2o are independently H or d- alkyl.
19. The compounds according to claim 18 wherein Rt, R5, Rs, R7 and R2 are H.
20. The compounds according to claim 19 wherein R 0 is d-C4 alkyl and R3o is d-C4 alkyl or -CH2-R26.
21. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound or salt of claim 1 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, solvent, adjuvant or excipient, or a combination thereof.
22. A method of treating a patient who has, or in preventing or delaying a patient from getting, a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Down's syndrome, Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of the Dutch-Type, cerebral amyloid angiopathy and its potential consequences, i.e. single and recurrent lobar hemonhages, other degenerative dementias, including dementias of mixed vascular and degenerative origin, dementia associated with Parkinson's disease, dementia associated with progressive supranuclear palsy, dementia associated with cortical basal degeneration, age related macular degeneration, or diffuse Lewy body type of Alzheimer's disease and who is in need of such freatment which comprises adminisfration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or salt of claim 1.
23. A compounds according to claim 1 that is 2-(4-CWoro-benzenesulfonyl)-6-metih.oxy-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-b-carboline; 8-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-l,4-dioxa-8-aza-spiro[4.5]decane; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-l,3,4,6,7,8-hexahyα^o-2H-pvrirnido[l,2-a]pyrimidine; (3R)-N-(tert-butyl)-2-[(4-cUorophenyl)sulfonyl]decahydroisoqumoline-3-carboxamide; 1 '- [(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl] spiro [indene- 1 ,4'-ρiperidine] ; (2S)-l-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]octahydro-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid; 8-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-l-phenyl-l,3,8-friaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one; [8-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-l,4-dioxa-8-aza-spiro[4.5]dec-2-yl]- methanol; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-decahydro-quinoline; (l_f,55)-3-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane; 2-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-l-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-lH-b-carboline-3-carboxylic acid; 1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro- 1 H-indole-2 -carboxylic acid benzylamide; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-6-fluoro-2-methyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinoline; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-2 -carboxylic acid butylamide; 5-(4-CMoro-berιzenesulfonyl)-10,l l-dmydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine; 5-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine; 4-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-3 -methyl-3 ,4-dihy dro-2H-benzo [1,4] oxazine ; 4-(4-Chloro-berιzenesulfonyl)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-lH-quinoxalin-2-one; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-2-carboxylic acid phenylamide; 4-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-3 -phenyl-3 ,4-dihydro-2H-benzo [1,4] oxazine; 1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tefrahydro-quinoline; 4-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-3 ,4-dihydro- 1 H-quinoxalin-2 -one; 2-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tefrahydro-isoquinoline; 1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2,3 -dihydro- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid; 1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-5-methoxy- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid; 1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2,3 -dihydro- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid amide; 1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2,3 -dihydro- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid methylamide; 1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid dimethylamide; [l-(4-CMoro-benzenesulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indol-2-yl]-pynolidin-l-yl-methanone; 1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2,3 -dihydro- 1 H-indole-2-carboxylic acid benzyl-methyl- amide; 10-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)- 1 OH-phenothiazine 1 -(4-CWoro-benzenesulfonyl)-6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl- 1 ,2-dihydro-quinoline; 1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)- 1 H-naphtho [1 ,2-d]imidazol-7-ol; 1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tefrahydro-quinolin-8-ylamine; l-(4-CMoro-benzenesulfonyl)-5-nifro-2,3-dmydro-lH-indole; 2-(4-CUoro-berιzenesulfonyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-l,2,3,4-tefrahydro-isoquinoline; l-(4-CMoro-benzenesulfonyl)-6-nifro-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole; [2-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolin- 1 -yl] -acetic acid; 1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2-methylsulfanyl- 1 H-benzoimidazole; 1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)- 1 H-indazole; 10-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)- 1 ,4,7-trioxa- 10-aza-cyclododecane; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-[l,4]diazepane; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-azepane; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidine;
(2R,6S)- 1 -[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2,6-dimethylpiperidine; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2-ethyl-piperidine; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2,6-dimethyl-piperidine; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2-methyl-piperidine;
[ 1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidin-2-yl]-methanol; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-l,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-[2,3']bipyridinyl;
1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-3 , 5 -dimethyl-piperidine ; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-methyl-piperidine;
2-[l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-ethanol;
1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-3 -methyl-piperidine; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ol;
4-Bromo- 1 -(4-chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidine; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidin-3-ol;
[l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidin-3-yl]-methanol;
[l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-methanol; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-propyl-piperidine;
1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidine-3 -carboxylic acid;
1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid;
1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidine-3-carboxylic acid diethylamide; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidine-3 -carboxylic acid ethyl ester;
{2-[l-(4-CUoro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-ethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-phenyl-piperidine; -Benzyl- 1 -(4-chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidine;
1 '-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-[ 1 ,4']bipiperidinyl; 2-(4- { 3 - [ 1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl] -propyl } -piperidin- 1 -yl)-ethanol;
[l-(4-CUoro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-diphenyl-methanol;
1 -[ 1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl]- 1 ,3-dihydro-benzoimidazol-2-one; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-oxo-piperidine-3-carboxy!ic acid ethyl ester; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-3-methyl-3-phenyl-piperidine; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-(4-chloro-phenyl)-piperidin-4-oI; l-(4-C oro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-phenyl-piperidine-4-carbonitrile; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-phenyl-piperidin-4-ol; l-[l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-phenyl-piperidin-4-yl]-ethanone;
[l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-3-oxo-piperazin-2-yl] -acetic acid ethyl ester;
(3S)- 1 -[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-3-methylpiperazine;
(3R)-l-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-3-methylpiperazine; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-ethyl-piperazine
2-[4-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperazin- 1 -yl]-ethanol;
2-{2-[4-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-ethoxy}-ethanol;
4-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperazine-l -carboxylic acid ethyl ester;
4-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperazine-l -carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester;
2- [4-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperazin- 1 -yl]- 1 -pyrrolidin- 1 -yl-ethanone;
[4-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperazin- 1 -yl] -furan-2-yl-methanone;
4-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperazine-l -carboxylic acid benzyl ester; l-Benzyl-4-(4-chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperazine;
4-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2-methyl- 1 -phenyl -piperazine; l-(4-Chloro-berιzenesulfonyl)-4-(4-chloro-benzyl)-piperazine; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-o-tolyl-piperazine;
4-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2-methyl- 1 -p-tolyl-piperazine;
4-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-l-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-piperazine; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazine; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-piperazine;
1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-(3 -chloro-phenyl)-piperazine;
1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-(3 ,4-dichloro-phenyl)-piperazine;
1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesuIfonyl)-4-(3 ,5-dichloro-phenyl)-piperazine; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-phenethyl-piperazine; l-Benzhydryl-4-(4-chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperazine; 1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyI)-4-(l -phenyl-ethyl)-piperazine; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperazine; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-(4-chloro-phenyl)-piperazine;
2-[4-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperazin- 1 -yl]-benzonitrile;
1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesuIfonyl)-4-(2,3 -dimethyl-phenyl)-piperazine; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-p-tolyl-piperazine;
4-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2 -methyl- 1 -m-tolyl-piperazine; l-Benzo[l,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl-4-(4-chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperazine;
4-[4-(4-CMoro-berιzenesulfonyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-2-trifluoromethyl-quinoline;
2-[4-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-piperazin- 1 -yl]-pyrimidine; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-piperazine; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-pyridin-2-yl-piperazine; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-(5-frifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-piperazine;
4-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2,6-dimethyl-moφholine;
4-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-moφholine;
4-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-thiomoφholine;
1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-pyrrolidin-3 -ol;
(3S)- 1 - [(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]pyrrolidin-3 -ol ; tert-butyl { (3S)~ 1 -[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]pynolidin-3 -yl} carbamate; tert-butyl {(3R)-l-[(4-chlorophenyl)suIfonyl]pynolidin-3-yI}carbamate;
[l-(4-CUoro-benzenesulfonyl)-pvnolidm-3-yl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2,5-dimethyl-pynolidine;
(2S)-l-[(4-cUorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(pynolidin-l-ylmethyl)pynolidine; benzyl 1 -[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-D-prolinate; benzyl 1 -[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-L-prolinate;
N-( { (2R)- 1 - [(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl } methyl)aniline;
{ (2S)- 1 -[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]pynolidin-2-yl } (diphenyl)methanol;
(2R,5R)- 1 -[(4-cUorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2,5-dimethylpyrrolidine; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-5,5-diphenyl-imidazolidine-2,4-dione; l-(4-CUoro-benzenesulfonyl)-5-phenyl-5-p-tolyl-imidazolidine-2,4-dione; l-(4-CMoro-benzenesulfonyl)-5-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-phenyl-inιidazolidine-2,4-dione;
3-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4,4-dimethyl-oxazolidine;
3-(4-CMoro-benzenesulfonyl)-thiazolidine (4S)-3 - [(4-chlorophenyl)sulfony 1] -2-(3 ,4-dimethoxypheny l)-N-phenyl- 1 ,3 - thiazolidine- 4-carboxamide; (4R)-N-(.sec-butyl)-3 - [(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl] -2-(3 ,4-dimethoxyphenyl)- 1,3- thiazolidine-4-carboxamide; (4S)-N-benzyl-3 - [(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl] -2-(3 ,4-dimethoxyphenyl)- 1 ,3 -thiazolidine- 4-carboxamide; (4S)-N-butyl-3 - [(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(3 ,4-dimethoxyphenyl)- 1 ,3 -thiazolidine-4- carboxamide; (4R)-N-bu1yl-3-[(4-cMorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(3,4-dime1hoxyphenyl)-l,3-tMazolidine-4- carboxamide; (4R)-3-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-N-cyclohexyl-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-l,3- thiazolidine-4-carboxamide; (4S)-3 -[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl] -2-(3 ,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-phenyl- 1 ,3 -thiazolidine- 4-carboxamide; (4S)-N-benzyl-3 - [(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl] -2-(3 ,4-dimethoxyphenyl)- 1 ,3 -thiazolidine- 4-carboxamide; (4S)-3-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-N-cyclohexyl-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-l,3- thiazolidine-4-carboxamide; 2-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-4-iodo-2H-pyrazole-3 -carboxylic acid; 4-Bromo- 1 -(4-chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-3-methyl- 1 H-pyrazole; 4-Chloro-2-[l -(4-chloro-benzenesulfonyl)- 1 H-pyrazol-3-yl]-phenol; 1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)- 1 ,2,3 ,6-tetrahydro-pyridine; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2,5-dimethyl-2,5-dihydro-lH-pynole; 1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2,5-dihydro- 1 H-pynole; l-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-azetidine; 1 -(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2-phenyl-aziridine; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
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