WO2005106073A1 - アルミニウム表面への無電解めっき方法および無電解めっき用触媒 - Google Patents
アルミニウム表面への無電解めっき方法および無電解めっき用触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005106073A1 WO2005106073A1 PCT/JP2005/007833 JP2005007833W WO2005106073A1 WO 2005106073 A1 WO2005106073 A1 WO 2005106073A1 JP 2005007833 W JP2005007833 W JP 2005007833W WO 2005106073 A1 WO2005106073 A1 WO 2005106073A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- palladium
- solution
- electroless plating
- plating
- concentration
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 26
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 186
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 organic acid salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 89
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 abstract description 67
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 44
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 38
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 11
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract description 6
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002169 ethanolamines Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940049920 malate Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 67
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 31
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 26
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 13
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 206010040844 Skin exfoliation Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TUWJQNVAGYRRHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Menadiol dibutyrate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OC(=O)CCC)=CC(C)=C(OC(=O)CCC)C2=C1 TUWJQNVAGYRRHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWRHOYDPVJPXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-Caran Natural products C1C(C)CCC2C(C)(C)C12 BWRHOYDPVJPXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEFGHVQACKIFMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid;nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O XEFGHVQACKIFMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018182 Al—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018594 Si-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008465 Si—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- IEQUNHXCJVILJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum palladium Chemical compound [Al].[Pd] IEQUNHXCJVILJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005991 chloric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 1
- SRCZENKQCOSNAI-UHFFFAOYSA-H gold(3+);trisulfite Chemical compound [Au+3].[Au+3].[O-]S([O-])=O.[O-]S([O-])=O.[O-]S([O-])=O SRCZENKQCOSNAI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- NXJCBFBQEVOTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(2+);dihydroxide Chemical compound O[Pd]O NXJCBFBQEVOTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YXJYBPXSEKMEEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O YXJYBPXSEKMEEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001259 photo etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/283—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
- H01L21/288—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a liquid, e.g. electrolytic deposition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/1803—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces
- C23C18/1824—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by chemical pretreatment
- C23C18/1837—Multistep pretreatment
- C23C18/1841—Multistep pretreatment with use of metal first
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/54—Contact plating, i.e. electroless electrochemical plating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for performing electroless plating on a surface of aluminum (A1) or an aluminum alloy and a catalyst used for the method. More specifically, for example, electroless nickel plating is performed on an aluminum electrode of a semiconductor chip or a semiconductor wafer. And a palladium solution as a catalyst used in the method.
- a nickel film is formed on an aluminum electrode of the semiconductor chip by electroless plating, followed by replacement plating, and then the plating film is formed.
- a solder ball or solder paste is mounted on the top, and the solder layer is reflowed to form solder bumps.
- a zincate treatment solution in which zinc oxide is dissolved in sodium hydroxide is generally used as disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example.
- the zincate treatment solution is a strongly alkaline solution having a sodium hydroxide concentration of 50 g ZL or more, and in the conventional electroless plating, the metal particles precipitated by the primary zincate are peeled off with a strongly acidic nitric acid solution. Since the secondary zincate is performed, there are various problems as described below.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-2000-223442
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of a semiconductor chip (or semiconductor wafer) 1 on which an aluminum electrode (A1 electrode) 2 is formed.
- an Al—Si alloy, an Al—Cu alloy, an Al—Si—Cu alloy, etc. are metallized on the surface of the semiconductor chip 1 by sputtering or vapor deposition, and the A1 alloy film is patterned by photoetching.
- Aluminum wiring (A1 wiring) 3 and A1 electrode 2 are used.
- A1 alloy film Has a thickness of about 0.3 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the surface of the semiconductor chip 1 is covered with an insulating layer 4.
- As the insulating layer 4 polyimide-SiN or the like is usually used, and its film thickness is of the order of magnitude.
- the A1 electrode 2 is formed at a location where the insulating layer 4 is opened, and a nickel film is formed thereon by electroless plating, followed by replacement metal plating.
- the semiconductor chip (or semiconductor wafer) is immersed in a cleaner bath to increase the hydrophilicity of the surface.
- the cleaner is a pH 5 to 10 solution mainly composed of a surfactant.
- this cleaner bath it is usually immersed at a bath temperature of 40 to 70 ° C. for about 3 to 10 minutes, and then washed with water.
- activation is performed.
- the activation is performed by removing the oxide film on the surface of the semiconductor chip by using a 20 to 50 vZv% sulfuric acid or a 10 to 30 vZv% nitric acid, a sulfuric acid-phosphoric acid solution or a concentration of 50 to 50: LOOgZL sodium hydroxide solution.
- a strongly acidic or strongly alkaline solution is used, the A1 alloy film is also slightly dissolved.
- a solution prepared by dissolving zinc oxide 20-: LOOg in a sodium hydroxide solution having a concentration of 50-: LOOgZL and then dissolving 0.1-2 g of a ferric salt as a zincate treatment solution is used as a zincate treatment solution. Used.
- the semiconductor chip is immersed in the strong alkaline solution at a bath temperature of 15 to 30 ° C. for about 20 to 30 seconds.
- the surface of the A1 alloy film dissolves, and zinc particles precipitate on the A1 alloy film.
- the size of the deposited zinc particles is about 3 to 10 ⁇ m, and the particle size is large and the adhesion is poor.Therefore, there is a peeling step as the next step.
- the zinc particles are peeled with a strong acid nitric acid solution with a concentration of 100 to 300 ml ZL. I do.
- the treatment solution used in the primary zincate is strongly alkaline with a sodium hydroxide concentration of 50 gZL or more, and the nitric acid solution for stripping is strongly acidic, so the A1 alloy film dissolves in both steps.
- the thickness of the A1 alloy layer dissolved in the primary zincate is about 0.3 m, and it is further dissolved in the nitric acid solution by about 0.1 to 0.2 m.
- zinc particles precipitated by the primary zincate are concentrated at the periphery (edge) of the Al electrode and tend to be less at the center of the electrode.
- the semiconductor chip After dissolving the zinc particles, the semiconductor chip is immersed again in the zincate treatment solution for about 20 to 30 seconds.
- the zinc particles deposited by the secondary zincate are smaller than the particles deposited by the primary zincate, and are about 2-3 / ⁇ .
- the initial nickel particles have a size of 2-3 ⁇ m, which is the same as the size of the zinc particles. For this reason, the nickel particles that are continuously deposited have a larger particle size, and may generate nodules.
- the semiconductor chip is immersed in a strong alkaline solution having the same composition as the primary zincate, the A1 alloy film is further dissolved, and the dissolved film thickness here is about 0.3 m.
- the A1 alloy film dissolves in the primary zincate, exfoliation and secondary zincate in three steps.
- the thickness of the A1 alloy film on the semiconductor chip is about 0.3 to 1 ⁇ m, and the molten thickness of the A1 alloy layer by zincate treatment is about 0.7 m, so it can not be used for thin A1 alloy film semiconductor chips
- electroless nickel plating is performed in this state, there is a problem that the adhesion between the A1 alloy layer and the electroless nickel layer is reduced.
- an undercut of the A1 alloy layer occurs at the end of the electrode, and thereby the interface between the insulating layer and the A1 alloy film is melted to form a gap. If liquid or cleaning water accumulates in the gap, the semiconductor chip is heated when the semiconductor chip is mounted on the substrate, and the water accumulated in the gap may blow out or attack the A1 alloy film. In addition, due to the presence of the gap, the molten solder comes into direct contact with the A1 wiring, causing deterioration of the A1 alloy layer. The electroless nickel surface further enlarges the initial particle size and does not become a flat surface, Gaps occur between the nickel particles.
- the replacement plating is performed to have an affinity between the solder and the solder layer.
- a replacement plating film is not formed in the gap, so that the surface of the nickel is oxidized to cause poor soldering, and the joint area with the solder is reduced. This causes a decrease in shear strength.
- the present invention has been made in view of such conventional circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages due to the zincate treatment when performing electroless plating on aluminum-palladium or aluminum alloy.
- New electroless plating method capable of obtaining a plating film having a uniform thickness without dissolving a small amount of aluminum or aluminum alloy (dissolved film thickness) and generating nodules, and a novel electroless plating method used for this method.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst for electroplating.
- the method of electroless plating on an aluminum surface according to the present invention is characterized in that electroless plating is performed after treating the surface of aluminum or an aluminum alloy with a palladium solution.
- a palladium salt such as palladium chloride, palladium sulfate, or palladium nitrate, or an ammine palladium salt obtained by chelating palladium with an ammonium salt is preferably used.
- These palladium salts are dissolved in, for example, a predetermined amount in ion-exchanged water to obtain a palladium solution having a predetermined concentration.
- the palladium concentration of the noradium solution is preferably in the range of 0.005 to 20 g / L it can.
- the concentration is less than 0.005 gZL, no deposition is observed in the electroless plating step, and when the concentration exceeds 20 gZL, the object of the present invention cannot be achieved, which is not preferable.
- the concentration of a palladium salt such as palladium chloride, palladium sulfate, or palladium nitrate is adjusted to lOgZL. If it exceeds, electroless nickel may be deposited on a scrub line of a semiconductor chip or a semiconductor wafer. Therefore, the palladium concentration when each of the palladium salts is used alone is preferably not less than 0.005 gZL and less than 10 gZL.
- organic acids and organic acid salts such as citric acid and citrate, malic acid and salts thereof, lactic acid and salts thereof are contained in the palladium solution. It is preferable to add a chelating agent such as amino acid salts such as glycine and alanine, ethylenediamine and salts thereof, and amines such as ethanolamine.
- a chelating agent such as amino acid salts such as glycine and alanine, ethylenediamine and salts thereof, and amines such as ethanolamine.
- the additive concentration is 0.05 to: LOgZL, which is proportional to the radium concentration.
- the pH of the palladium solution is preferably in the range of 1 to 13.
- palladium oligomers are formed by slowly adding an alkali component to a specified pH with a sodium hydroxide solution or a potassium hydroxide solution to precipitate palladium hydroxide. Is not obtained, a solution is obtained.
- No. ⁇ Radium solution power is less than SpH1, which is not preferable because pinhole-like palladium substitution occurs in which aluminum or aluminum alloy is locally dissolved. If the pH exceeds 13, the dissolved film thickness of aluminum or aluminum alloy becomes 0.5 m or more, which may cause undercut.
- the surface of the aluminum or aluminum-alloy is usually subjected to an activation treatment with a predetermined activation solution.
- the activation treatment is performed through activation of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
- a commonly used activation solution can be used.
- Examples of the activating solution include an organic carboxylic acid such as acid fluoride, sodium fluoride and the like, an organic carboxylic acid such as methanesulfonic acid, malic acid and succinic acid without dissolving aluminum or aluminum alloy. Its salts and the like can be more preferably used.
- these activating solutions have a concentration of 1 to LOgZL for fluoride, 10 to LOOmlZL for methanesulfonic acid, 20 to LOOgZL for organic acids, and 30 to 15 OgZL for organic acid salts. It can be used preferably.
- Aluminum or an aluminum alloy is immersed in the activating solution at a bath temperature of 20 to 30 ° C. for about 30 to 120 seconds and then immersed in a palladium solution.
- the palladium catalyst is ionic, so that the palladium particles present on aluminum or aluminum alloy are particles having an extremely small diameter. For this reason, the initial precipitated particle diameter of the electroless nickel plating is 0.1 m or less, and even when the electroless nickel is thickened, the generation of nodules is suppressed and a plated film having a smooth surface can be obtained.
- the present invention performs electroless plating on aluminum or an aluminum alloy using palladium as a catalyst, so that conventional problems caused by zincate treatment can be eliminated and the amount of aluminum or aluminum alloy dissolved ( It is possible to obtain an electroless plating film having a small thickness (dissolution film thickness) and a uniform thickness without generating nodules.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the semiconductor chip 1 on which the A1 electrode 2 is formed.
- the A1 wiring 3 and the A1 alloy film constituting the A1 ball 2 include an insulating layer 4 formed of polyimide, SiN, or the like on the A1 alloy film.
- An A1 electrode 2 is formed in the opening of the insulating layer 4, and a nickel film 5 and a replacement metal plating film 6 are formed thereon by electroless plating, and a solder ball (not shown) is formed thereon. It is being done.
- the surface of the A1 electrode 2 is treated with fluoride or an organic carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, and then treated with a palladium solution having a predetermined concentration of ⁇ 1-13. After that, the electroless nickel plating and the replacement plating are performed.
- a 50-inch x 50- ⁇ m A1 electrode made of an A1-Si alloy was formed on the surface of an 8-inch semiconductor wafer, and the surrounding area was covered with an insulating layer that also has a PIQ force manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. to prepare a sample.
- the sample was mounted on a jig and washed.
- a Tech-UBL cleaner manufactured by Technic Japan Co., Ltd. was used at a concentration of 20 ml ZL, and immersed for 5 minutes at a bath temperature of 50 ° C.
- the sample was immersed in a 0.20 g / L solution of palladium chloride dissolved in ion-exchanged water at a bath temperature of 25 ° C for 2 minutes for palladium treatment.
- FIG. 2 shows the surface state of the A1 electrode after cleaning
- FIG. 3 shows the state after activation
- FIG. 4 shows the state after noradium treatment
- FIG. 5 shows the state after electroless nickel plating.
- the surface of the plating film of the A1 electrode was measured with a surface roughness meter.
- the average roughness (Ra) was 0.1 ⁇ m, and no nodules were observed.
- the thickness of the Al—Si alloy layer and the plating film was 3 ⁇ m, and there was no difference in thickness between the electrode periphery and the center. It was.
- the particle size of the nickel plating film was determined by SEM observation, the particle size was 0.1 m.
- the dissolved film thickness of the Al—Si alloy layer was 0.07 to 0.08 ⁇ m, and there was no undercut of the Al—Si alloy layer (see FIG. 6)
- solder balls were formed on the A1 electrode of each sample after the replacement metal plating, and the shear strength after soldering to the board was measured. It was in a shaved state, and it was confirmed that the solderability was good.
- the detergency was the same as in Test Examples 2 to 5, and the detergency was measured by performing each step up to the plating. After drying, the same measurement and observation as in Test Examples 2 to 5 were performed.
- the detergency was as good as in Test Example 7, except that the amount of citrate added to the palladium solution was 0.05-: LOgZL and the immersion time in the palladium solution was as shown in the table. , And after drying the sample after plating, the same measurement and observation as described above were performed. As shown in the table, it was confirmed that each item could be evaluated as equivalent to or better than Test Example 7 and comparable to Test Examples 2 to 5 where no electroless nickel was deposited on the scrub line. did it.
- the detergency was the same as in Test Examples 8 to 10, except that the amount of citrate added to the palladium solution exceeded lOgZL and the immersion time in the palladium solution was specified in the table. The process was performed.
- each step was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 7 to L1 until the detergency was increased to the displacement.
- Ethanolamine was added in the amount shown in the table as a chelating agent to be added to the noradium solution Except for this, the detergency was performed in the same manner as in Test Examples 7 to 11. The steps until plating were performed. After drying the sample after plating, the same measurement and observation as described above were performed. Preferred results were obtained in the range of 0.05 to 10 gZL, and out of this range, it was confirmed that the results were unfavorable as described above.
- a sulfuric acid solution obtained by diluting the primary grade sulfuric acid to 50 vZv% with ion-exchanged water as an activating solution was used, and the sample was immersed in a bath temperature of 70 ° C for 30 seconds and then washed with water.
- the sample was immersed in a zincate treatment solution having a Tech-UBL conditioner manufactured by Technic Japan Co., Ltd. at a concentration of 200 ml / L at a bath temperature of 25 ° C. for 20 seconds.
- Figure 10 shows the surface of the A1 electrode after immersion.
- the sample was immersed at a bath temperature of 80 ° C for 5 minutes at a bath temperature of 80 ° C using a Technic Japan Co., Ltd. Tech-UBL AU with a concentration of 250 m1ZL and gold sulfite at a concentration of 1.5 gZL as a replacement plating solution. .
- the shear strength was 150 g.
- the cross section of the A1 electrode showed that the thickness of the A1 alloy layer before nickel plating was 1 m, but the thickness after plating was 0.3 ⁇ m, less than 1Z3. As shown in Fig. 12, the cross section shows that the insulating layer and A1 Al was melted between the alloy layers to form a gap, and undercut was observed.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged sectional view of an electrode portion of a semiconductor chip according to an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 A micrograph of the electrode surface after washing.
- FIG. 3 is a micrograph of the electrode surface after the activation treatment.
- FIG. 4 A micrograph of the electrode surface after the treatment with noradium.
- FIG. 5 A micrograph of the electrode surface after electroless nickel plating.
- FIG. 6 is a micrograph of the cross section in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a micrograph of an electrode surface after cleaning according to a conventional zincate treatment method.
- FIG. 8 Micrograph of the electrode surface after the next zincate treatment.
- FIG. 9 is a micrograph of the electrode surface after the peeling treatment.
- FIG. 10 is a micrograph of the electrode surface after secondary zincate treatment.
- FIG. 11 is a micrograph of an electrode surface after electroless nickel plating according to a zincate treatment method.
- FIG. 12 is a micrograph of the cross section in FIG.
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CN109923645A (zh) * | 2016-10-28 | 2019-06-21 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 半导体装置及其制造方法 |
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JP5258260B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-02 | 2013-08-07 | 京セラ株式会社 | 半導体素子及び該半導体素子の実装構造体 |
JP4605409B2 (ja) * | 2008-08-21 | 2011-01-05 | 上村工業株式会社 | アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金の表面処理方法 |
DE112009005044B4 (de) | 2009-07-08 | 2014-04-30 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Halbleitervorrichtung und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
CN102912324B (zh) * | 2012-10-25 | 2014-09-24 | 南京大地冷冻食品有限公司 | 一种高稳定性钯催化剂浓缩液及其制备方法 |
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JPS58185794A (ja) * | 1982-04-21 | 1983-10-29 | Hitachi Ltd | パラジウム活性化液 |
JPH0426774A (ja) * | 1990-05-22 | 1992-01-29 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 無電解めっき用触媒および無電解めっき方法 |
JPH0598454A (ja) * | 1991-10-08 | 1993-04-20 | Okuno Seiyaku Kogyo Kk | 亜鉛−アルミニウム合金への無電解ニツケルめつき方法、触媒化処理用組成物、活性化処理用組成物及び無電解ニツケルストライクめつき用組成物 |
JPH07183327A (ja) * | 1993-11-15 | 1995-07-21 | World Metal:Kk | 半導体チップ、半導体チップの端子の形成方法及び半導体チップの接合方法 |
JPH0969524A (ja) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | アルミニウム電極上へのニッケルめっき法 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS58185794A (ja) * | 1982-04-21 | 1983-10-29 | Hitachi Ltd | パラジウム活性化液 |
JPH0426774A (ja) * | 1990-05-22 | 1992-01-29 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 無電解めっき用触媒および無電解めっき方法 |
JPH0598454A (ja) * | 1991-10-08 | 1993-04-20 | Okuno Seiyaku Kogyo Kk | 亜鉛−アルミニウム合金への無電解ニツケルめつき方法、触媒化処理用組成物、活性化処理用組成物及び無電解ニツケルストライクめつき用組成物 |
JPH07183327A (ja) * | 1993-11-15 | 1995-07-21 | World Metal:Kk | 半導体チップ、半導体チップの端子の形成方法及び半導体チップの接合方法 |
JPH0969524A (ja) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | アルミニウム電極上へのニッケルめっき法 |
Cited By (2)
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CN109923645A (zh) * | 2016-10-28 | 2019-06-21 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 半导体装置及其制造方法 |
CN109923645B (zh) * | 2016-10-28 | 2022-11-01 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 半导体装置及其制造方法 |
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