WO2005101513A1 - Colour electroluminescent display device and its driving method - Google Patents
Colour electroluminescent display device and its driving method Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005101513A1 WO2005101513A1 PCT/IB2005/051233 IB2005051233W WO2005101513A1 WO 2005101513 A1 WO2005101513 A1 WO 2005101513A1 IB 2005051233 W IB2005051233 W IB 2005051233W WO 2005101513 A1 WO2005101513 A1 WO 2005101513A1
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Classifications
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- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
- G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
- G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
- G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
- G09G3/3233—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
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- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
- G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
- H10K59/35—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels
- H10K59/351—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels comprising more than three subpixels, e.g. red-green-blue-white [RGBW]
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- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/04—Structural and physical details of display devices
- G09G2300/0439—Pixel structures
- G09G2300/0452—Details of colour pixel setup, e.g. pixel composed of a red, a blue and two green components
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- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
- G09G2300/0809—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels
- G09G2300/0842—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels forming a memory circuit, e.g. a dynamic memory with one capacitor
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/04—Maintaining the quality of display appearance
- G09G2320/043—Preventing or counteracting the effects of ageing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
- G09G2320/0666—Adjustment of display parameters for control of colour parameters, e.g. colour temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/15—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission
- H01L27/153—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission in a repetitive configuration, e.g. LED bars
- H01L27/156—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission in a repetitive configuration, e.g. LED bars two-dimensional arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
- H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
Definitions
- the present invention relates to colour electroluminescent display devices, for example using organic light emitting diode (LED) devices such as polymer LEDs (PLEDs).
- LED organic light emitting diode
- PLEDs polymer LEDs
- Matrix display devices employing electroluminescent (EL), light-emitting display elements are well known.
- the display elements may comprise organic thin film electroluminescent elements, for example using polymer materials, or else light emitting diodes (LEDs) using traditional lll-V semiconductor compounds.
- LEDs light emitting diodes
- These materials typically comprise one or more layers of a semiconducting conjugated polymer sandwiched between a pair of electrodes, one of which is transparent and the other of which is of a material suitable for injecting holes or electrons into the polymer layer.
- the polymer material can be fabricated simply by a spin coating technique using a solution of a soluble conjugated polymer.
- Organic electroluminescent materials exhibit diode-like l-V properties, so that they are capable of providing both a display function and a switching function, and can therefore be used in passive type displays. Alternatively, these materials may be used for active matrix display devices, with each pixel comprising a display element and a switching device for controlling the current through the display element.
- Some display devices of this type have current-addressed display elements, and use a conventional, analogue drive scheme involving supplying a controllable current to the display element. It is known to provide a current source transistor as part of the pixel configuration, with the gate voltage supplied to the current source transistor determining the current through the display element. A storage capacitor holds the gate voltage after the addressing phase. Grey scale levels are achieved in the analogue drive scheme by virtue of the grey scale level being determined by the analogue drive current level. Digital drive schemes have also been proposed. In such schemes, the
- LED device is effectively driven to two possible voltage levels.
- One known way of providing grey scale levels with a digital drive scheme is that pixels can be turned on and off more quickly than the frame rate, so that a grey scale is implemented as function of the duty cycle with which the pixel is turned on. This may be referred to as a time ratio method.
- US 2003/0098828 A1 discloses an EL display device which is operable in both analogue mode and digital mode.
- Colour electroluminescent display devices employ different EL materials to provide respective colour sub-pixels together providing a colour pixel.
- the sub-pixels are usually red, green and blue; i.e. their transmission wavelengths are respectively a red wavelength, a green wavelength and a blue wavelength.
- the EL material with the shorter lifetime is driven at a lower brightness than the other EL material with the aim of making the shorter lifetime material last as long as the other EL material.
- the present invention provides a colour electroluminescent, EL, display device comprising an array of pixels; wherein: each pixel comprises sub-pixels of two or more main colours; for at least one of the main colours, the pixels comprise a first sub-pixel of the main colour comprising a first EL material and a second sub-pixel of the main colour comprising a second EL material; the first EL material is of a higher lifetime than the second EL material; and the second EL material has a better colour point and/or better colour rendition properties than the first EL material.
- Each pixel may comprise a said first sub-pixel of the one or each respective at least one main colour comprising a first EL material and a said second sub-pixel of the one or each respective at least one main colour comprising a second EL material.
- the display device may further comprise circuitry arranged to drive the display device such that when a colour or colour hue to be displayed by the pixel can be provided with a sufficient colour contribution of the main colour of the first and second sub-pixels by driving the first sub-pixel without driving the second sub-pixel, then the first sub-pixel is driven but not the second sub-pixel; and further arranged such that when the colour or colour hue to be displayed cannot be provided with a sufficient colour contribution of the main colour of the first and second sub-pixels by driving the first sub-pixel without driving the second sub-pixel, then the second sub-pixel is driven.
- the driving circuitry may be arranged such that, when the colour or colour hue to be displayed cannot be provided with a sufficient colour contribution of the main colour of the first and second sub-pixels by driving the first sub-pixel without driving the second sub-pixel, then the second sub-pixel is driven in addition to driving the first sub-pixel.
- the driving circuitry may be arranged such that, when the colour or colour hue to be displayed cannot be provided with a sufficient colour contribution of the main colour of the first and second sub-pixels by driving the first sub-pixel without driving the second sub-pixel, then the second sub-pixel is driven instead of driving the first sub-pixel.
- the display device may be such that, for each of the main colours, the pixel comprises a first sub-pixel comprising a first EL material and a second sub-pixel comprising a second EL material; the first EL material is of a higher lifetime than the second EL material; and the second EL material has better colour points and/or better colour rendition properties than the first EL material.
- the main colours may be red, green and blue.
- the display device may comprise three differently coloured sub-pixels of a relatively high lifetime EL material arranged in a first row (e.g. in the main colours R, G and B, and e.g.
- the display device may comprise differently coloured sub-pixels for only the main colour of blue.
- the present invention provides a method of driving a colour electroluminescent, EL, display device, comprising: determining whether a sufficient colour contribution to a colour hue to be displayed can be provided by a first sub-pixel of a pair of colour sub-pixels of a given colour, wherein the first sub-pixel of the pair comprises a first EL material and the second sub-pixel of the pair comprises a second EL material, the first EL material being of a higher lifetime than the second EL material, and the second EL material having better colour points and/or better colour rendition properties than the first EL material; if a sufficient colour contribution can be provided , driving the first sub-pixel but not the second sub-pixel; and if a sufficient colour contribution cannot be provided, driving the second sub-pixel.
- the step of driving the second sub-pixel is performed in addition to driving the first sub- pixel such that both the first and second sub-pixel make a colour contribution to the colour hue to be displayed.
- the step of driving the second sub-pixel is performed instead of driving the first sub-pixel such that the second sub-pixel makes a colour contribution to the colour hue to be displayed but the first sub-pixel does not make a contribution to the colour hue to be displayed.
- a pixel may comprise two red sub-pixels, two green sub-pixels and two blue sub-pixels; one sub-pixel of each colour comprising relatively high lifetime EL material and the other sub-pixel of each colour comprising relatively good colour points EL material.
- colours are displayed using only the high lifetime sub-pixels, hence providing good lifetime, but for certain colours requiring stronger colour points the good colour sub-pixels are driven instead or in addition to the high lifetime sub-pixels.
- colour rendition or reproduction tends to be improved by use of the good colour EL material whilst tending to obtain better lifetime performance, due to the use of the relatively better lifetime EL materials, than would be the case if only the good colour EL materials were used.
- FIG. 1 a schematic illustration of part of an active matrix addressed colour electroluminescent display device
- FIG. 2 shows in simplified schematic form a sub-pixel and drive circuitry arrangement used for each sub-pixel of the display device of FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing further details of a pixel of the display device of FIG. 1
- FIG. 4 is a colour palette diagram
- FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration showing further details of two pixels of another display device
- FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration showing further details of four pixels of another display device.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of part of an active matrix addressed colour electroluminescent display device according to the first embodiment.
- the active matrix addressed electroluminescent display device comprises a panel having a row and column matrix array of regularly-spaced sub-pixels, denoted by the blocks 1 and comprising electroluminescent display elements 2 together with associated switching means.
- the sub-pixels 1 are located at the intersections between crossing sets of row (selection) and column (data) address conductors 4 and 6. Respective groups of six sub-pixels 1 , arranged in two rows of three columns, provide a respective pixel 11. Only a few pixels 11 are shown in the Figure for simplicity. In practice there may be several hundred rows and columns of pixels 11.
- the sub-pixels 1 are addressed via the sets of row and column address conductors by a peripheral drive circuit comprising a row, scanning, driver circuit 8 and a column, data, driver circuit 9 connected to the ends of the respective sets of conductors.
- the column driver circuit 9 comprises a colour module 12, which will be described in more detail later below.
- the electroluminescent display element 2 comprises an organic light emitting diode, represented here as a diode element (LED) and comprising a pair of electrodes between which one or more active layers of organic electroluminescent material is sandwiched.
- the display elements of the array are carried together with the associated active matrix circuitry on one side of an insulating support. Either the cathodes or the anodes of the display elements are formed of transparent conductive material.
- the support is of transparent material such as glass and the electrodes of the display elements 2 closest to the substrate may consist of a transparent conductive material such as ITO so that light generated by the electroluminescent layer is transmitted through these electrodes and the support so as to be visible to a viewer at the other side of the support.
- the thickness of the organic electroluminescent material layer is between 100 nm and 200 nm.
- different organic electroluminescent materials or conjugated polymer materials are used for different sub-pixels 1 in a pixel 11 , as will be described in more detail below.
- FIG. 2 shows in simplified schematic form a sub-pixel and drive circuitry arrangement used for each sub-pixel 1 in this embodiment.
- Each sub-pixel 1 comprises the EL display element 2 and associated driver circuitry.
- the driver circuitry has an address transistor 16 which is turned on by a row address pulse on the row conductor 4.
- a voltage on the column conductor 6 can pass to the remainder of the sub-pixel.
- the address transistor 16 supplies the column conductor voltage to a current source 20, which comprises a drive transistor 22 and a storage capacitor 24.
- the column voltage is provided to the gate of the drive transistor 22, and the gate is held at this voltage by the storage capacitor 24 even after the row address pulse has ended.
- the sub-pixel and drive circuitry arrangement is operated in an analogue mode.
- the range of the gate voltages on the drive transistor 22 in combination with the voltage on the power rail 26 supplying the current source 20 are selected such that the transistor is operating in the saturation region, so that the source-drain current is approximately quadratic to the gate voltage.
- the voltage on the column conductor 6 is used to select a desired current flow to the display element 2.
- around 6V will be dropped across the source-drain of the drive transistor 22, and as a result, the voltage on the power rail 26 will need to be around 10V so that a required voltage drop across the LED of around 4V is achieved (when the cathode is grounded as shown).
- Typical gate voltages will be in a range with a stored voltage on the storage capacitor 24 of around 4V.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing further details of a pixel 11.
- three colours of sub-pixels are provided, i.e. red, green and blue, indicated respectively as R, G and B in FIG. 3.
- two separate sub-pixels 1 are provided, i.e. there are two red sub-pixels, two green sub-pixels and two blue sub-pixels in each pixel 1 1.
- the two-sub-pixels 1 of that colour in the pixel 11 are each formed from a different EL material.
- one of the two sub-pixels of a given main colour is formed from an EL material with a relatively poor colour point (i.e. a relatively low saturation i.e. depth of the colour, i.e. relatively poor colour rendition properties) but relatively high lifetime (hereinafter referred to as a high lifetime EL material), whereas the other of the two sub-pixels of the given colour is formed from an EL material with a relatively good colour point (i.e. a relatively h igh saturation i.e. depth of the colour, i.e. relatively good colour rendition properties) but relatively low lifetime (hereinafter referred to as a good colour EL material).
- a relatively good colour point i.e. a relatively low saturation i.e. depth of the colour, i.e. relatively poor colour rendition properties
- a good colour EL material relatively low lifetime
- each pixel comprises a respective sub-pixel 1 of each of the three colours in a high lifetime EL material, indicated in FIG. 3 as R
- the three differently coloured sub-pixels 1 of the high lifetime EL material are arranged in a first row in the order, form left to right as seen in FIG. 3, RL-GL-BL,; and the three differently coloured sub-pixels 1 of the good colour EL material are arranged in a second row directly under the first row, in a corresponding colour order, i.e. from left to right as seen in FIG.
- each column of sub-pixels is formed of one basic colour (e.g. red), and in each such column the sub-pixels alternate between a high lifetime EL material of the colour and a good colour EL material of that colour.
- This also means that all the sub-pixels 1 connected to a given column conductor 6 are of the same basic colour (e.g. red).
- the above described arrangement of the sub-pixels 1 enables each sub-pixel 1 to be driven independently. In operation, different sub-pixels 1 within a pixel are driven according to the colour information to be displayed by the pixel.
- a given colour or colour hue is displayed by a pixel 11 by using only one, two or all three of the respective colour high lifetime EL material sub-pixels R L , GL and BL, where this allows the colour to be sufficiently accurately provided.
- the given colour to be displayed is such that the high lifetime EL material sub-pixels R L , GL and BL are not able in combination to provide sufficiently accurate colour rendition, (i.e.
- FIG. 4 is a colour palette diagram.
- Such diagrams are usually shown in colour, and are well known to the skilled person.
- the values 440, 460, 480, 500, 520, 540, 560, 580, 600, 620 and 640 shown around the edge of the palette shape indicate light wavelength values in nanometres, e.g. 440 indicates light of wavelength 440nm, and so on.
- 440 indicates light of wavelength 440nm, and so on.
- the approximate area indicated by reference numeral 40 shows and indicates red
- the approximate area indicated by reference numeral 42 shows and indicates green
- the approximate area indicated by reference numeral 44 shows and indicates blue.
- each of these areas blends into adjoining areas so as to show and represent all colour mixes and hues, for example the approximate area indicated by reference numeral 46 shows and indicates yellow and orange hues. Furthermore, in the effective centre, an approximate area indicated by reference numeral 48 shows and indicates white "colour”.
- the range of colour hues that are able to be displayed by a combination of a given red, green and blue sub-pixel may be represented by, or considered in terms of, a triangle drawn on the colour palette. Referring to FIG. 4, a first triangle 65 is specified by the three corners thereof which are the respective colour points for the EL material of the high lifetime EL material sub-pixels RL, GL and BL.
- the first triangle 65 represents the range of colour hues that can be produced by driving one, two or all three of the high lifetime EL material sub- pixels RL, GL and B described above. These colour hues are referred to below as being colours lying within the first triangle 65. In other words, the respective high lifetime EL material sub-pixels RL, G L and BL are able to provide a sufficient colour contribution to colours or colour hues lying within the first triangle 65.
- FIG. 4 also shows a second triangle 70 which is specified by the three corners thereof which are the respective colour points for the EL material of the good colour EL material sub-pixels R c , G c and B c .
- the second triangle 70 represents the range of colour hues that can be produced by driving one, two or all three of the good colour EL material sub-pixels R c , G c and Be described above. These colour hues are referred to below as being colours lying within the second triangle 70.
- the first triangle 65 is of smaller area than the second triangle 70, since the range or extent of colours that can be provided by the high lifetime EL material sub-pixels RL, GL and BL is less than that which can be provided by the good colour EL material sub-pixels R c , G c and B c . Both the first triangle 65 and the second triangle 70 are shown schematically/qualitatively in FIG.
- the operating scheme is as follows (N.B. for the purpose of distinguishing this scheme from other possible schemes described below, this operating scheme will be referred to below as the first operating scheme): 1a) When the colour or colour hue to be displayed by the pixel 11 is within the first triangle 65, only the high lifetime EL material sub-pixels RL, G L and BL are driven. More particularly, depending on the detail of the colour or colour hue falling within the first triangle 65 that is to be displayed, either one, two or all three of the differently coloured high lifetime EL material sub-pixels RL, GL and B are driven.
- the high lifetime EL material sub-pixels RL, GL and B are driven, and in addition, one or more of the good colour EL material sub- pixels Rc, Gc and B c are driven. More particularly, depending on the detail of the colour or colour hue falling outside the first triangle 65 that is to be displayed, either one, two or all three of the differently coloured high lifetime EL material sub-pixels RL, GL and BL are driven, and in addition, either one, two or all three of the differently coloured good colour EL material sub-pixels Rc, Gc and Be are driven.
- the additional colour rendering possible by virtue of using the good colour EL material sub-pixels R c , G c and B c is in effect added to the basic, but insufficient, colour rendering provided by the high lifetime EL material sub- pixels RL, GL and BL.
- This particular "additive" approach provides improved colour rendition whilst enabling as extensive as possible use of the high lifetime EL material sub-pixels RL, GL and BL compared to the good colour EL material sub-pixels Rc, G c and B c .
- An example of a third operating scheme that may be employed is as follows: 3a) When the colour or colour hue to be displayed by the pixel 1 1 is within the first triangle 65, only the high lifetime EL material sub-pixels R , GL and BL are driven. More particularly, depending on the detail of the colour or colour hue falling within the first triangle 65 that is to be displayed, either one, two or all three of the differently coloured high lifetime EL materia l sub-pixels RL, GL and BL are driven.
- the good colour EL material sub-pixel of that colour or colours is driven instead of the high lifetime EL material sub-pixel of that colour or colours.
- the high lifetime EL material sub-pixels RL and GL may be driven in the case of the colours red and green (but not the good colour EL material sub-pixels R c and G c ), with the good colour EL material sub-pixel B c being driven in the case of the colour blue (but not the high lifetime EL material sub-pixel BL). This may be arranged to occur, say, when the colour to be displayed is in the blue area of the second triangle 70.
- This particular "colour- by-colour” approach potentially provides economic use of the good colour EL material sub-pixels Rc, G c and B c , but requires extra processing.
- a further possibility is to provide a combination of the above schemes, where the approach to be implemented effectively depends upon where the colour to be displayed lies on the colour palette compared to the location of the first triangle 65 and the second triangle 70.
- the "additive" approach of the first scheme above could be employed for the colours lying outside the first triangle 65 but within the second triangle 70 except for those colours lying just a little distance (i.e. less than a predetermined distance) outside the first triangle 65, for which the "substitution" approach of the second scheme could be employed instead.
- the colour module 1 2 determines whether the colour point of the colour to be displayed lies inside the first triangle 65. Also, if the operating scheme is one that requires knowledge of whether the colour to be displayed lies within the second triangle 70, then this is also determined. Then the data signals are applied to the respective column conductors 6 at the required time relative to the scanning of the row conductors 4 so that the correct sub-pixels 1 in each pixel 11 are driven to implement the possibilities 1a) and 1 b) as required according to the first operating scheme described above.
- the colour module 12 is separate from the column driver circuit 9, but nevertheless is still part of the active matrix addressed EL display device. In this case the colour module 12 performs a form of pre-processing of received data signals before they are passed to the column driver circuit 9.
- the colour module 12 compares the colour to be displayed for each pixel according to the received data signal, and determines for each one which sub-pixels will need to be driven. The colour module 12 then effectively converts this information to take account of the alternating rows of high lifetime EL material sub-pixels RL, G and B and good colour EL material sub-pixels R c , G c and B c to provide a revised data input signal which may be fed to the column driver circuit 9.
- the column data driver circuit 9 may be a conventional column driver circuit 9, i.e. in effect, with this pre-processing approach, the column driver circuit 9 "does not need to know" that alternate lines of data are in fact for different types of sub-pixels.
- a further possibility is for the data signal to have been adapted to the sub-pixel and row/column arrangement of the display device prior to input to the active matrix addressed EL display device.
- a colour module 12 to form part of the active matrix addressed EL display device.
- the data received by the device is already in a format that accommodates the two types of sub-pixels present in the device of this embodiment.
- the skilled person may contemplate the use of a wide range of EL materials as possible materials for the sub-pixels, as follows. EL materials that are known in an absolute sense to be either of good lifetime with poor colour rendition, or good colour rendition with poor lifetime, are straightforward to select.
- the skilled person can readily assess the possibility of using any EL materials that are available or become available, by comparing the lifetime characteristics and colour point properties of such aterials. Such details may be available in published data, or derivable by calculation, interpolation, estimation etc. from published data, relating to a material under consideration or relating to one or more materials similar to a material under consideration. If, say, insufficient lifetime and/or colour property information is available from published data, then the skilled person can, for example, purchase or develop materials, then measure them in a systematic and routine manner corresponding to trial and error to determine the required relative lifetime and colour characteristics. These measurements may be performed such as to obtain results in either an absolute sense or in a relative sense between different candidate materials.
- EL materials considered in an absolute sense to be relatively poor in terms of both lifetime and colour points may be used, provided the relative characteristics of the various materials used is such that those materials used for the high lifetime sub-pixels are of higher lifetime but lesser colour point than the materials used for the good colour sub-pixels.
- the materials used for the high lifetime sub-p els may be, in absolute terms, "lower performing", i.e. of lower lifetime than materials generally classified as high lifetime materials.
- the materials used for the good colour point sub-pixels may be, in absolute terms, "lower performing", i.e. have less good colour points than materials generally classified as good colour materials.
- EL materials in combination according to the present invention provides benefits, at least to some extent, of improving colour rendition with reduced degradation of lifetime characteristics, compared to using these "lower performing" materials in a co nventional sub- pixel arrangement.
- Such lower performing EL materials may be used for commercial reasons, for example because they are relatively economic to produce or use, or may be particularly suitable for processing reasons related to other processing steps to be carried out in the overall device manufacture, and so on.
- Examples of EL materials are as follows. Generally speaking, typical examples of suitable organic electroluminescent materials which can be used for the sub-pixels 1 are known and described, for example in EP-A-O 717446. Conjugated polymer materials as described in WO96/36959 can also be used.
- the listed materials may require to be suspended in a host matrix.
- the following materials may be used as a host matrix: TCTA; TCB (Tris-Carbazol): 4,4',4"-Tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine BCB (Bis-Carbazoi): 4,4'-Bis(Carbazol-9-yl)-b»iphenyl
- TCTA Tris-Carbazol
- BCB Bis-Carbazoi
- EL materials are described in the article "Electrophosphorescent p-i-n Organic Light-Emitting Devices for Very-High-Efficiency Flat-Panel Displays", Adv. Mater. 14, 22 (2002) 1633. In the above description, three specific examples of operating schemes are described. In other embodiments, other schemes may be employed.
- any operating scheme in which the different types of sub- pixels are driven in an additive sense as discussed above.
- Such operating schemes may be adapted such that for a colour or colou r hue to be displayed that is very saturated (i.e. has a saturation value determined as being above a predetermined colour saturation value), the high lifetime EL material sub-pixels are not driven, or are a driven at lower levels than for less saturated colours. This allows a greater contribution to be made by the good colour EL material sub-pixels for this saturated colour compared to a less-saturated colour (where both these are outside the "first triangle").
- the three differently coloured sub-pixels 1 of the high lifetime EL material are arranged in a first row; and the three differently coloured sub-pixels 1 of the good colour EL material are arranged in a second row directly under the first row, in a corresponding colour order, i.e. from left to right as seen in FIG. 3.
- the high lifetime EL material sub-pixel (e.g. RL) and the corresponding good colour EL material sub-pixel (e.g. R c ) share a column conductor 6 but use different row address conductors 4.
- the high lifetime EL material sub-pixel (e.g. RL) and the corresponding good colour EL material sub-pixel e.g.
- the sub-pixels may be arranged in any other implementable way in terms of row and column layout.
- the high lifetime EL material sub-pixel (e.g. RL) and the corresponding good colour EL material sub-pixel (e.g. Rc) may share a row conductor 4 but use different data conductors 6.
- the high lifetime EL material sub-pixel (e.g. RL) and the corresponding good colour EL material sub-pixel (e.g. Rc) are addressed at the same time.
- the high lifetime EL material sub-pixel e.g.
- RL and the corresponding good colour EL material sub-pixel may share a conductor 4 and a data conductor 6.
- additional pixel electronics is provided at each pixel to separate the display data for the two-sub-pixels of the colour.
- a high lifetime EL material sub-pixel and a corresponding good colour EL material sub-pixel is provided for each respective main colour (in the above embodiments, red, green, blue).
- o nly blue, say, out of red, blue and green; or in another example, only green and blue, say, out of red, green and blue) are provided with a high lifetime EL material sub-pixel and a corresponding good colour EL material sub-pixel, with the other colour(s) having only one sub-pixel within the pixel.
- Embodiments where only blue, out of red, blue and green, is provided with a high lifetime EL material sub-pixel and a corres ponding good colour EL material sub-pixel are particularly advantageous, as the tendency for more saturated colour material to have shorter lifetime is most significant in EL materials for blue sub-pixels.
- FIG. 5 One such embodiment will now be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 5.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration s howing further details of two pixels 1 1 in this embodiment.
- three main colours of sub-pixels are provided, i.e. red, green and blue, indicated respectively as R, G and B in FIG. 3.
- R, G and B in FIG. 3.
- R, G and B in each pixel, there is only one red sub-pixel R and only one green sub-pixel G.
- each pixel 1 1 there are two blue sub-pixels, formed from different EL materials.
- one of the two blue sub- pixels BL of each pixel 1 1 is formed from a high lifetime EL material, whereas the other of the two blue sub-pixels B c is formed from a good colour EL material.
- the four sub-pixels R, G, BL , Be of each pixel 1 1 are arranged in the same row. This arrangement enables each sub-pixel 1 to be driven independently.
- either the high lifetime blue sub-pixel B , the good colour blue sub-pixel B c , or both is driven depending on the colour to be displayed and the choice of operating scheme, following the principles explained above for the embodiment shown in FIG . 3, but here only applied to blue as opposed to all three colours.
- a further embodiment where only blue, out of red, blue and green, is provided with a high lifetime EL material sub-pixel and a corresponding good colour EL material sub-pixel, will now be described with reference to FIG. 6.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration showing further details of four pixels 11 in this embodiment.
- three main colours of sub-pixels are provided, i.e. red, green and blue, indicated respectively as R, G and B in FIG. 3.
- red sub-pixel R There is only one type of red sub-pixel R, and only one type of green sub- pixel G.
- blue sub-pixels formed from different EL materials.
- one of the two types of blue sub-pixels BL are formed from a high lifetime EL material, whereas the other of the two types of blue sub-pixels Be are formed from a good colour EL material.
- the respective types of blue sub-pixels are provided in alternate pixels 1.
- each pixel 1 comprises only one blue sub-pixel; however the pixels 11 as a whole comprise two types of blue sub-pixels.
- the presence of some pixels with good colour blue sub-pixels B c will tend to make an improved contribution to colour renditioning, and the presence of some high lifetime blue sub-pixels BL will tend provide some improved lifetime behaviour.
- the single sub- pixel for the other main colour(s) may be provided in either the form of a relatively high lifetime EL material sub-pixel, a relatively good colour EL material sub-pixel, or a sub-pixel made of a an EL material providing intermediate relative levels of lifetime and colour property. More generally, it will be appreciated that main sub-pixel colours other than red/green/blue may be provided, including cases where there are less or more than three main colours of sub-pixel per pixel.
- the drive circuitry is as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. However, in other embodiments, any other appropriate drive circuitry may be used. Moreover, even in the case of use of the circuitry as shown in FIGs. 2 and 3, other driving processes may be used. For example, the drive circuitry shown in FIG. 2 may be driven in digital mode as described in US2003/0098828A1. In the above embodiments all the different sub-pixels 1 within a pixel 11 have substantially the same display area or aperture. However, in other embodiments, different sub-pixels may be of different sizes.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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US10/599,867 US7791565B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2005-04-15 | Colour electroluminescent display device and its driving method |
EP05718729A EP1747587A1 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2005-04-15 | Colour electroluminescent display device and its driving method |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20070222800A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
US7791565B2 (en) | 2010-09-07 |
GB0408486D0 (en) | 2004-05-19 |
KR20070005668A (en) | 2007-01-10 |
EP1747587A1 (en) | 2007-01-31 |
TWI437538B (en) | 2014-05-11 |
JP2007533095A (en) | 2007-11-15 |
TW200605002A (en) | 2006-02-01 |
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