WO2005096926A1 - Sensor for the detection of myoelectric signals - Google Patents

Sensor for the detection of myoelectric signals Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005096926A1
WO2005096926A1 PCT/DE2005/000623 DE2005000623W WO2005096926A1 WO 2005096926 A1 WO2005096926 A1 WO 2005096926A1 DE 2005000623 W DE2005000623 W DE 2005000623W WO 2005096926 A1 WO2005096926 A1 WO 2005096926A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrodes
sensor
base body
sensor according
electrode array
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PCT/DE2005/000623
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andreas Schönfeld
Original Assignee
Schoenfeld Andreas
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Application filed by Schoenfeld Andreas filed Critical Schoenfeld Andreas
Priority to DE112005001404T priority Critical patent/DE112005001404A5/en
Publication of WO2005096926A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005096926A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
    • A61B5/6852—Catheters
    • A61B5/6853—Catheters with a balloon
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
    • A61B5/296—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electromyography [EMG]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/389—Electromyography [EMG]
    • A61B5/391—Electromyography [EMG] of genito-urinary organs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/389—Electromyography [EMG]
    • A61B5/392—Detecting gastrointestinal contractions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/273—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for the upper alimentary canal, e.g. oesophagoscopes, gastroscopes
    • A61B1/2736—Gastroscopes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/31—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for the rectum, e.g. proctoscopes, sigmoidoscopes, colonoscopes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/04—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type
    • A61B2562/046—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type in a matrix array

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sensor according to the preamble of claim 1, for detecting myoelectric signals, with a cylindrical base body, on which at least one electrode array consisting of electrodes distributed uniformly over the circumference and lying on a circumferential circle is arranged, by means of which action currents of a muscle, in particular of a circular muscle can be detected.
  • Such a sensor is known for example from WO 99/18851 A1.
  • the difference between myoelectric potentials is measured using, for example, four electrodes distributed over the circumference. This allows the activity of a muscle to be determined.
  • the electrodes are mounted on a sensor body so that their surface is flush with the surface of the sensor body.
  • the known sensor it is necessary to place the known sensor in such a way that the electrodes are located exactly at the point at which the myoelectric signals emitted by the muscle to be examined are greatest. If the sensor is not positioned exactly, the myoelectric signals measured by the electrodes do not originate exclusively from the muscle to be examined but are not mixed with myoelectric signals from neighboring muscles. In order to make as good a statement as possible about the activity of the To be able to make the muscle, it is therefore necessary to position the sensor so that the electrodes are exactly at the location of the muscle to be examined. This is also very disadvantageous
  • the senor If the sensor is not positioned exactly, the signals received by the sensor cannot be interpreted very reliably. If in doubt, the measurement would have to be carried out again, but this is problematic. This is particularly so because it is not possible to take as many measurements in succession. Because when the muscle activity required for a measurement is repeated, the signals become weaker and weaker because of muscle fatigue.
  • a sensor for detecting myoelectric signals with a cylindrical base body, on which at least one electrode array consisting of electrodes evenly distributed over the circumference and arranged on a circumferential circle is arranged, by means of which action currents of a muscle, in particular a circular muscle, can be detected -
  • an electrode array consists of at least twelve electrodes and two identically designed electrode arrays are arranged at a short distance immediately behind one another.
  • the signals of the electrode array which has delivered the clearer that is to say generally the larger, signals being processed further.
  • the signals of all electrode arrays are first acquired and then the signals of the electrode array are used for further processing, which delivers the most plausible signals.
  • the sensor Due to the plurality of identical electrode arrays arranged at a short distance from one another, it is advantageously no longer necessary to position the sensor exactly. It is sufficient if the sensor is positioned approximately in the area of the muscle to be examined. It has been shown that one of the electrode arrays is almost always arranged in an electrode array in which the muscle to be examined emits very large, that is to say very large, myoelectric signals. Since these signals generally only have very small signal components from neighboring muscles, the signals can be interpreted very reliably.
  • the majority of the identically designed electrode arrays arranged at a short distance from one another also make it possible to detect a helically running muscle activity.
  • the sensor according to the invention not only allows the course of the muscle activity in Detect the direction of the circumference of the sensor but also a muscle activity running in the axial direction.
  • the base body has a marking to which the electrodes have a clear reference.
  • the marking which is guided outwards while maintaining its position, advantageously makes it possible to determine the position of the electrodes. This enables a geometric assignment of the course of the muscle activity to the respective body.
  • the electrodes can be elongated or punctiform.
  • Myoelectric signals, in particular of a sphincter muscle can be obtained by means of a short elongate design of the electrodes extending in the axial direction of the base body, which lies in the range of two to three millimeters, or punctiform, that is to say circular or square, with an area of approximately two to ten square millimeters grasp very well.
  • the use of relatively short, elongated or punctiform electrodes avoids the detection of signals from neighboring regions, which are often innervated simultaneously with the muscle to be examined. As a result, the sensor can advantageously be used to examine a specific area.
  • the distance between the electrodes in the axial direction of the base body is preferably chosen to be as small as possible. However, it has been found that a distance of approximately 1.5 millimeters provides very good results and can be very easily implemented in the manufacture of the sensor. Due to the small distance between the electrodes, a helical muscle activity can be detected particularly well. It is particularly advantageous if the electrodes protrude from the base body by twenty to sixty, preferably thirty to fifty, in particular approximately forty, micrometers. This ensures that the surface of the electrodes makes very good contact with the wall of the hollow organ behind which the muscle to be examined is located. In such an embodiment, it is particularly advantageous if the protrusion gradually begins at least at the axial ends of the electrodes.
  • the senor can be displaced in the axial direction without this displacement causing particular pain in the patient concerned. Because the gradually beginning protrusion of the electrodes means that there are no edges that could cause pain or injury to the patient concerned when the sensor is moved. It is very advantageous if the sensor is stiff in the area of the electrodes, as a result of which the position of the contacts remains virtually unchanged and is otherwise very flexible.
  • the electrodes are arranged on a so-called flexboard.
  • the flexboard which is essentially a thin, flexible printed circuit board, can be glued to the base body.
  • the individual electrodes are present as metallic surfaces on the surface of the flexboard.
  • the electrodes can be reached from the underside of the flexboard through a via.
  • thin connecting wires can be soldered to the electrodes, by means of which the electrodes are connected to the outside world.
  • the connecting wires can be led into the interior of the base body.
  • the electrodes can be connected to conductor tracks arranged in the flexboard.
  • the flexboard can then be designed in such a way that the area on which the electrodes are located can be applied in a cylindrical shape to the base body and the area of the flexboard in which only the connecting lines are located. which can be spirally wound onto the base body. This enables a very reliable connection of the electrodes to be achieved.
  • the sensor can be positioned very easily or fixed in a specific position.
  • the balloon can be inflated in the bladder and, when inflated, it can be pulled back to the outlet of the bladder, as a result of which the sensor is at a predetermined distance from the outlet of the bladder.
  • the predetermined distance is selected so that the sensor is then at the location of the muscle to be examined. Anatomical differences are advantageously compensated for by the majority of the electrode arrays.
  • the base body is designed as a hollow cylinder and is arranged in the feed line of the balloon. This gives you a very compact design, which is very easy to handle and easy to manufacture.
  • the senor is part of a catheter. It is particularly advantageous here if the catheter is designed as a multi-lumen catheter. This advantageously enables liquid to be introduced or discharged into the bladder, for example. When introducing liquid, reflexes can be checked and when draining liquid, the bladder can be drained. Further details, features and advantages of the present invention result from the following description of a particular exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of a sensor designed according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the sensor shown in FIG. 1 in section along the section line A-A
  • FIG. 3 shows an electrode arrangement arranged on a flexboard
  • Figure 4 shows a further embodiment of a flexboard with an electrode arrangement arranged thereon.
  • three electrode arrays 2a, 2b, 2c are arranged on a base body 1 designed as a hollow cylinder.
  • the electrode arrays 2a, 2b, 2c are identical.
  • the electrodes from which the electrode arrays 2a, 2b, 2c are made are elongated and extend in the axial direction of the base body 1.
  • the base body 1 is made of a non-conductive material.
  • the electrodes are arranged electrically insulated from one another.
  • the electrode arrays 2a, 2b, 2c each consist of twelve electrodes, which are arranged evenly distributed over the circumference of the base body 1.
  • the electrodes are partially embedded in the base body 1; however, they protrude from the base body 1 by about forty micrometers. The protrusion of the electrodes starts gradually so there are no edges.
  • Each electrode is connected to a feed line 4, which runs inside the base body 1.
  • a marking 8 is arranged on the base body 1, which has a defined geometric reference to the electrodes of the electrode arrays 2a, 2b, 2c. The marking 8 is guided to the outside in the correct position on the base body 1.
  • the twelve leads of the electrode arrays 2a, 2b, 2c are shown in FIG. 1 as one lead.
  • the base body is arranged in the vicinity of a balloon 5 of a balloon catheter 6.
  • the base body 1 is arranged in the catheter 6 such that the center of the distance between the first electrode array 2a and the last electrode array 2c is at a predetermined distance 7 from the balloon 5.
  • the balloon catheter 6 is designed as a multi-lumen catheter, which is why it has a lumen 9.
  • the lumen 9 can be used, for example, to drain the bladder or fill the bladder to check reflections.
  • the electrodes or the electrode arrays 2a ', 2b', 2c ' can be arranged on a flexboard V.
  • the electrodes extend through the flexboard 1 'and are at least partially accessible from the rear.
  • lead wires 4 ' are soldered to the electrodes.
  • the flexboard V can be glued to the base body 1 ', so that the electrode arrays 2a', 2b ', 2c' are arranged on the base body 1.
  • the Connection wires 4 ' can then be guided into the interior of the base body 1 and from there to the outside.
  • the extension 1a" of the flexboard can be wound onto the base body 1 in a spiral, as a result of which it can be guided to the outside.

Abstract

Disclosed is a sensor for detecting myoelectric signals, comprising a cylindrical base (1) on which at least one electrode array (2a, 2b, 2c) is disposed that is composed of electrodes which are evenly distributed along the circumference and lie on a peripheral circle, said electrode array (2a, 2b, 2c) making it possible to detect action currents of a muscle, particularly a sphincter. The inventive sensor is characterized in that one electrode array (2a, 2b, 2c) encompasses at least twelve electrodes while at least two identically configured electrode arrays (2a, 2b, 2c) are provided which are located immediately one behind another at a short distance from each other.

Description

Sensor zur Erfassung myoelektrischer SignaleSensor for the detection of myoelectric signals
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Sensor nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 , zur Erfassung myoelektrischer Signale, mit einem zylinderförmigen Grundkörper, auf welchem wenigstens ein aus über den Umfang gleichmäßig verteilter und auf einem Umfangskreis liegender Elektroden bestehendes Elektrodenarray angeordnet ist, mittels welchem Aktionsströme eines Muskels, insbesondere eines Ringmuskels erfassbar sind.The invention relates to a sensor according to the preamble of claim 1, for detecting myoelectric signals, with a cylindrical base body, on which at least one electrode array consisting of electrodes distributed uniformly over the circumference and lying on a circumferential circle is arranged, by means of which action currents of a muscle, in particular of a circular muscle can be detected.
Ein derartiger Sensor ist beispielsweise aus der WO 99/18851 A1 bekannt. Bei dem bekannten Sensor wird mittels beispielsweise vier über den Umfang verteilter Elektroden die Differenz myoelektrischer Potentiale gemessen. Hierdurch kann die Aktivität eines Muskels ermittelt werden.Such a sensor is known for example from WO 99/18851 A1. In the known sensor, the difference between myoelectric potentials is measured using, for example, four electrodes distributed over the circumference. This allows the activity of a muscle to be determined.
Die Elektroden sind so auf einem Sensorkörper angebracht, dass ihre Oberfläche mit der Oberfläche des Sensorkörpers fluchtet.The electrodes are mounted on a sensor body so that their surface is flush with the surface of the sensor body.
Wenngleich hierdurch auch erreicht werden soll, dass die Einführung des Sensors in ein Hohlorgan des menschlichen Körpers im Wesentlichen schmerzfrei erfolgt, so besteht jedoch die Gefahr, dass die Elektrodenoberflächen nur einen unzureichenden Kontakt mit dem betreffenden Muskelgewebe haben. Dies wirkt sich nachteilig auf die Qualität der Messsignale aus.Although this is also intended to ensure that the insertion of the sensor into a hollow organ of the human body is essentially painless, there is a risk that the electrode surfaces will only have insufficient contact with the muscle tissue in question. This has an adverse effect on the quality of the measurement signals.
Des weiteren ist es erforderlich, den bekannten Sensor so zu plazieren, dass sich die Elektroden exakt an der Stelle befinden, an der die von dem zu untersuchenden Muskel abgegebenen myoelektrischen Signale am größten sind. Denn bei nicht exakter Positionierung des Sensors stammen die von den Elektroden gemessenen myoelektrischen Signale nicht ausschließlich von dem zu untersuchenden Muskel sondern sind mit myoelektrischen Signalen benachbarter Mus- kein gemischt. Um eine möglichst gute Aussage über die Aktivität des zu untersu- chenden Muskels machen zu können, ist es somit erforderlich, den Sensor so zu positionieren, dass die Elektroden sich exakt an der Stelle des zu untersuchenden Muskels befinden. Dies ist ebenfalls sehr nachteilig,Furthermore, it is necessary to place the known sensor in such a way that the electrodes are located exactly at the point at which the myoelectric signals emitted by the muscle to be examined are greatest. If the sensor is not positioned exactly, the myoelectric signals measured by the electrodes do not originate exclusively from the muscle to be examined but are not mixed with myoelectric signals from neighboring muscles. In order to make as good a statement as possible about the activity of the To be able to make the muscle, it is therefore necessary to position the sensor so that the electrodes are exactly at the location of the muscle to be examined. This is also very disadvantageous
Ist der Sensor nicht exakt positioniert, lassen sich die von dem Sensor empfangenen Signale nicht sehr zuverlässig interpretieren. Im Zweifel müsste die Messung erneut durchgeführt werden, was jedoch problematisch ist. Dies insbesondere deshalb, da nicht beliebig viele Messungen hintereinander gemacht werden können. Denn bei einer Wiederholung der für eine Messung erforderlichen Muskelaktivität werden die Signale wegen einer Ermüdung des Muskels immer schwächer.If the sensor is not positioned exactly, the signals received by the sensor cannot be interpreted very reliably. If in doubt, the measurement would have to be carried out again, but this is problematic. This is particularly so because it is not possible to take as many measurements in succession. Because when the muscle activity required for a measurement is repeated, the signals become weaker and weaker because of muscle fatigue.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen eingangs genannten Sensor derart auszubilden, dass die Qualität der Messergebnisse verbessert ist.It is an object of the invention to design a sensor mentioned at the outset in such a way that the quality of the measurement results is improved.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ergibt sich aus den Merkmalen des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved from the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. Advantageous further developments of the invention result from the subclaims.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist ein Sensor zur Erfassung myoelektrischer Signale, mit einem zylinderförmigen Grundkörper, auf welchem wenigstens ein aus über den Umfang gleichmäßig verteilten auf einem Umfangskreis liegenden Elektroden bestehendes Elektrodenarray angeordnet ist, mittels welchem Aktionsströme eines Muskels, insbesondere eines Ringmuskels erfassbar sind, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass ein Elektrodenarray aus wenigstens zwölf Elektroden besteht und zwei in einem geringen Abstand unmittelbar hintereinander angeordnete identisch ausgebildete Elektrodenarrays vorhanden sind.According to the invention, a sensor for detecting myoelectric signals, with a cylindrical base body, on which at least one electrode array consisting of electrodes evenly distributed over the circumference and arranged on a circumferential circle is arranged, by means of which action currents of a muscle, in particular a circular muscle, can be detected - Draws that an electrode array consists of at least twelve electrodes and two identically designed electrode arrays are arranged at a short distance immediately behind one another.
Dadurch, dass wenigstens zwölf über den Umfang des Grundkörpers verteilte Elektroden vorhanden sind, ist der Winkelabstand zwischen zwei Elektroden maximal 30 Grad, wodurch es in vorteilhafter Weise möglich ist, die Ausbreitung von Erregungen innerhalb eines Ringmuskels nachzuweisen. Durch Messung der Aktivitäten zwischen jeweils zwei benachbarten Elektroden und anschließender Analyse des zeitlichen Verlaufs dieser Aktivitäten kann ein Rückschluss auf die Zone beziehungsweise Zonen der Innervation und die anschließende Ausbreitung der Erregung über den Ringmuskel dargestellt werden.Because there are at least twelve electrodes distributed over the circumference of the base body, there is the angular distance between two electrodes a maximum of 30 degrees, which advantageously makes it possible to demonstrate the spread of excitations within a circular muscle. By measuring the activities between two adjacent electrodes and then analyzing the time course of these activities, a conclusion can be drawn about the zone or zones of innervation and the subsequent spread of excitation via the sphincter.
Dadurch, dass wenigstens zwei in einem geringen Abstand zueinander angeordnete identisch ausgebildete Elektrodenarrays vorhanden sind, können gleichzeitig wenigstens zwei Messungen gemacht werden, wobei die Signale des Elektrodenarrays weiterverarbeitet werden, welches die eindeutigeren, das heißt in der Regel die größeren Signale geliefert hat. Zweckmäßigerweise werden zunächst die Signale aller Elektrodenarrays erfasst und anschließend die Signale des Elektrodenarrays zur Weiterverarbeitung herangezogen, welches die plausibelsten Signale liefert.Because there are at least two identically designed electrode arrays arranged at a short distance from one another, at least two measurements can be made at the same time, the signals of the electrode array which has delivered the clearer, that is to say generally the larger, signals being processed further. Appropriately, the signals of all electrode arrays are first acquired and then the signals of the electrode array are used for further processing, which delivers the most plausible signals.
Durch die Mehrzahl von in einem geringen Abstand zueinander angeordneter identisch ausgebildeter Elektrodenarrays ist es in vorteilhafter Weise nicht mehr erforderlich, den Sensor exakt zu positionieren. Es genügt, wenn der Sensor in etwa im Bereich des zu untersuchenden Muskels positioniert wird. Denn es hat sich gezeigt, dass von den Elektrodenarrays nahezu immer ein Elektrodenarray an einer solchen Stelle angeordnet ist, in der der zu untersuchende Muskel sehr gut erfassbare das heißt sehr große myoelektrische Signale abgibt. Da diese Signale in der Regel nur mit sehr geringen Signalanteilen benachbarter Muskeln behaftet sind, lassen sich die Signale sehr zuverlässig interpretieren.Due to the plurality of identical electrode arrays arranged at a short distance from one another, it is advantageously no longer necessary to position the sensor exactly. It is sufficient if the sensor is positioned approximately in the area of the muscle to be examined. It has been shown that one of the electrode arrays is almost always arranged in an electrode array in which the muscle to be examined emits very large, that is to say very large, myoelectric signals. Since these signals generally only have very small signal components from neighboring muscles, the signals can be interpreted very reliably.
Ungeachtet dessen ist es durch die Mehrzahl der in einem geringen Abstand zueinander angeordneter identisch ausgebildeter Elektrodenarrays zudem auch möglich, eine helikal verlaufende Muskelaktivität zu erfassen. Das heißt, mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Sensor lässt sich nicht nur der Verlauf der Muskelaktivität in Richtung des Umfangs des Sensors erfassen sondern darüber hinaus noch eine in axialer Richtung verlaufende Muskelaktivität.Regardless of this, the majority of the identically designed electrode arrays arranged at a short distance from one another also make it possible to detect a helically running muscle activity. This means that the sensor according to the invention not only allows the course of the muscle activity in Detect the direction of the circumference of the sensor but also a muscle activity running in the axial direction.
Bei einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist der Grundkörper eine Markierung auf, zu welcher die Elektroden einen eindeutigen Bezug aufweisen. Durch die Markierung, welche unter Beibehaltung ihrer Position nach außen geführt ist, ist es in vorteilhafter Weise möglich, die Position der Elektroden festzustellen. Hierdurch lässt sich eine geometrische Zuordnung des Verlaufs der Muskelaktivität zum jeweiligen Körper vornehmen.In a special embodiment of the invention, the base body has a marking to which the electrodes have a clear reference. The marking, which is guided outwards while maintaining its position, advantageously makes it possible to determine the position of the electrodes. This enables a geometric assignment of the course of the muscle activity to the respective body.
Die Elektroden können länglich oder punktförmig ausgebildet sein. Durch eine kurze längliche sich in axialer Richtung des Grundkörpers erstreckende Ausbildung der Elektroden, welche im Bereich von zwei bis drei Millimeter liegt, beziehungsweise punktförmige, das heißt kreisförmige oder quadratische Ausbildung mit einer Fläche von etwa zwei bis zehn Quadratmillimeter lassen sich myoelektrische Signale insbesondere eines Ringmuskels sehr gut erfassen.The electrodes can be elongated or punctiform. Myoelectric signals, in particular of a sphincter muscle, can be obtained by means of a short elongate design of the electrodes extending in the axial direction of the base body, which lies in the range of two to three millimeters, or punctiform, that is to say circular or square, with an area of approximately two to ten square millimeters grasp very well.
Durch die Verwendung von relativ kurzen länglichen beziehungsweise punktförmi- gen Elektroden wird die Erfassung von Signalen aus benachbarten Regionen, die häufig gleichzeitig mit dem zu untersuchenden Muskel innerviert werden, vermieden. Hierdurch kann der Sensor in vorteilhafter Weise zur Untersuchung eines spezifischen Bereichs verwendet werden.The use of relatively short, elongated or punctiform electrodes avoids the detection of signals from neighboring regions, which are often innervated simultaneously with the muscle to be examined. As a result, the sensor can advantageously be used to examine a specific area.
Der Abstand der Elektroden in axialer Richtung des Grundkörpers wird vorzugs- weise so gering wie möglich gewählt. Es hat sich aber herausgestellt, dass ein Abstand von etwa 1 ,5 Millimeter sehr gute Ergebnisse liefert und bei der Herstellung des Sensors sehr gut zu realisieren ist. Durch den geringen Abstand der Elektroden lässt sich besonders gut eine helikal verlaufende Muskelaktivität erfassen. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Elektroden zwanzig bis sechzig, vorzugsweise dreißig bis fünfzig, insbesondere etwa vierzig Mikrometer aus dem Grundkörper hervorstehen. Hierdurch ist gewährleistet, dass die Oberfläche der Elektroden mit der Wand des Hohlorgans, hinter der sich der zu untersuchenden Muskel befindet, einen sehr guten Kontakt bildet. Besonders vorteilhaft bei einer derartigen Ausführungsform ist es, wenn der Überstand wenigstens an den axialen Enden der Elektroden allmählich beginnt. Hierdurch lässt sich der Sensor in axialer Richtung verschieben, ohne dass diese Verschiebung bei dem betreffenden Patienten besondere Schmerzen verursacht. Denn durch den allmählich beginnenden Überstand der Elektroden sind keine Kanten vorhanden, welche dem betreffenden Patienten beim Verschieben des Sensors Schmerzen bereiten oder Verletzungen hervorrufen könnten. Sehr vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Sensor im Bereich der Elektroden steif ist, wodurch die Lage der Kontakte nahezu unverändert bleibt, und ansonsten sehr flexibel ist.The distance between the electrodes in the axial direction of the base body is preferably chosen to be as small as possible. However, it has been found that a distance of approximately 1.5 millimeters provides very good results and can be very easily implemented in the manufacture of the sensor. Due to the small distance between the electrodes, a helical muscle activity can be detected particularly well. It is particularly advantageous if the electrodes protrude from the base body by twenty to sixty, preferably thirty to fifty, in particular approximately forty, micrometers. This ensures that the surface of the electrodes makes very good contact with the wall of the hollow organ behind which the muscle to be examined is located. In such an embodiment, it is particularly advantageous if the protrusion gradually begins at least at the axial ends of the electrodes. As a result, the sensor can be displaced in the axial direction without this displacement causing particular pain in the patient concerned. Because the gradually beginning protrusion of the electrodes means that there are no edges that could cause pain or injury to the patient concerned when the sensor is moved. It is very advantageous if the sensor is stiff in the area of the electrodes, as a result of which the position of the contacts remains virtually unchanged and is otherwise very flexible.
Sehr vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Elektroden auf einem so genannten Flexboard angeordnet sind. Das Flexboard, welches im Wesentlichen eine dünne flexible Leiterplatte ist, kann auf dem Grundkörper aufgeklebt werden. Die einzelnen Elektroden sind als metallische Flächen auf der Oberfläche des Flexboards präsent. Durch eine Durchkontaktierung sind die Elektroden jeweils von der Unterseite des Flexboards erreichbar. Dort können an die Elektroden dünne Anschlussdrähte angelötet werden, mittels welcher eine Verbindung der Elektroden zur Außenwelt hergestellt wird. Die Anschlussdrähte können in das Innere des Grundkörpers geführt werden.It is very advantageous if the electrodes are arranged on a so-called flexboard. The flexboard, which is essentially a thin, flexible printed circuit board, can be glued to the base body. The individual electrodes are present as metallic surfaces on the surface of the flexboard. The electrodes can be reached from the underside of the flexboard through a via. There, thin connecting wires can be soldered to the electrodes, by means of which the electrodes are connected to the outside world. The connecting wires can be led into the interior of the base body.
Statt an die Elektroden Anschlussdrähte anzulöten, können die Elektroden mit in dem Flexboard angeordneten Leiterbahnen verbunden sein. Hierbei kann das Flexboard dann so ausgebildet sein, dass der Bereich, auf dem sich die Elektroden befinden, zylinderförmig auf dem Grundkörper aufgebracht werden kann und der Bereich des Flexboards, in dem sich lediglich die Anschlussleitungen befin- den, spiralförmig auf den Grundkörper aufgewickelt werden kann. Hierdurch lässt sich ein sehr zuverlässiger Anschluss der Elektroden erreichen.Instead of soldering connection wires to the electrodes, the electrodes can be connected to conductor tracks arranged in the flexboard. The flexboard can then be designed in such a way that the area on which the electrodes are located can be applied in a cylindrical shape to the base body and the area of the flexboard in which only the connecting lines are located. which can be spirally wound onto the base body. This enables a very reliable connection of the electrodes to be achieved.
Bei einer weiteren besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass ein aufblasbarer Ballon vorhanden ist, von dem sich die Mitte des Abstandes zwischen dem ersten und dem letzten Elektrodenarray in einem vorbestimmten Abstand befindet. Hierdurch lässt sich der Sensor auf sehr einfache Weise positionieren beziehungsweise in einer bestimmten Position fixieren. So lässt sich der Ballon beispielsweise bei der Untersuchung einer Urethra in der Harnblase aufpumpen und sich im aufgepumpten Zustand bis zum Ausgang der Harnblase zurückziehen, wodurch sich der Sensor in einem vorbestimmten Abstand zum Ausgang der Harnblase befindet. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass der vorbestimmte Abstand so gewählt wird, dass sich der Sensor dann an der Stelle des zu untersuchenden Muskels befindet. Anatomische Unterschiede werden in vorteil- hafter Weise durch die Mehrzahl der Elektrodenarrays ausgeglichen.In a further particular embodiment of the invention it is provided that there is an inflatable balloon from which the center of the distance between the first and the last electrode array is at a predetermined distance. As a result, the sensor can be positioned very easily or fixed in a specific position. For example, when examining a urethra, the balloon can be inflated in the bladder and, when inflated, it can be pulled back to the outlet of the bladder, as a result of which the sensor is at a predetermined distance from the outlet of the bladder. It goes without saying that the predetermined distance is selected so that the sensor is then at the location of the muscle to be examined. Anatomical differences are advantageously compensated for by the majority of the electrode arrays.
Sehr vorteilhaft insbesondere bei der letztgenannten Ausführungsform ist es, wenn der Grundkörper als Hohlzylinder ausgebildet ist und in der Zuleitung des Ballons angeordnet ist. Hierdurch erhält man eine sehr kompakte Bauform, welche sich sehr gut handhaben und einfach herstellen lässt.It is very advantageous, in particular in the case of the last-mentioned embodiment, if the base body is designed as a hollow cylinder and is arranged in the feed line of the balloon. This gives you a very compact design, which is very easy to handle and easy to manufacture.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Sensor Bestandteil eines Katheters ist. Hierbei ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn der Katheter als Multilumenkatheter ausgebildet ist. Denn dadurch besteht in vorteilhafter Weise die Möglichkeit, beispielsweise Flüssigkeit in die Blase ein- beziehungsweise auszuleiten. Bei der Einleitung von Flüssigkeit können Reflexe überprüft werden und bei der Ausleitung von Flüssigkeit kann eine Drainage der Blase erfolgen. Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines besonderen Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung.It is particularly advantageous if the sensor is part of a catheter. It is particularly advantageous here if the catheter is designed as a multi-lumen catheter. This advantageously enables liquid to be introduced or discharged into the bladder, for example. When introducing liquid, reflexes can be checked and when draining liquid, the bladder can be drained. Further details, features and advantages of the present invention result from the following description of a particular exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing.
Es zeigtIt shows
Figur 1 einen erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Sensor in Seitenansicht,FIG. 1 shows a side view of a sensor designed according to the invention,
Figur 2 den in Figur 1 dargestellten Sensor im Schnitt entlang der Schnittlinie A-A,FIG. 2 shows the sensor shown in FIG. 1 in section along the section line A-A,
Figur 3 eine auf einem Flexboard angeordnete Elektrodenanordnung und3 shows an electrode arrangement arranged on a flexboard and
Figur 4 eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Flexboards mit einer darauf angeordneten Elektrodenanordnung.Figure 4 shows a further embodiment of a flexboard with an electrode arrangement arranged thereon.
Wie Figur 1 entnommen werden kann sind auf einem als Hohlzylinder ausgebildeten Grundkörper 1 drei Elektrodenarrays 2a, 2b, 2c angeordnet. Die Elektrodenarrays 2a, 2b, 2c sind identisch ausgebildet. Die Elektroden, aus denen die Elektro- denarrays 2a, 2b, 2c bestehen, sind länglich ausgebildet und erstrecken sich in axialer Richtung des Grundkörpers 1. Der Grundkörper 1 besteht aus einem nicht leitenden Material. Die Elektroden sind elektrisch isoliert gegeneinander angeordnet.As can be seen in FIG. 1, three electrode arrays 2a, 2b, 2c are arranged on a base body 1 designed as a hollow cylinder. The electrode arrays 2a, 2b, 2c are identical. The electrodes from which the electrode arrays 2a, 2b, 2c are made are elongated and extend in the axial direction of the base body 1. The base body 1 is made of a non-conductive material. The electrodes are arranged electrically insulated from one another.
Wie insbesondere Figur 2 entnommen werden kann, bestehen die Elektrodenarrays 2a, 2b, 2c jeweils aus zwölf Elektroden, welche gleichmäßig über den Umfang des Grundkörpers 1 verteilt angeordnet sind. Die Elektroden sind teilweise in den Grundkörper 1 eingelassen; sie stehen jedoch etwa vierzig Mikrometer aus dem Grundkörper 1 hervor. Der Überstand der Elektroden beginnt allmählich, so dass keine Kanten vorhanden sind. Jede Elektrode ist mit einer Zuleitung 4 verbunden, welche im Inneren des Grundkörpers 1 verläuft.As can be seen in particular in FIG. 2, the electrode arrays 2a, 2b, 2c each consist of twelve electrodes, which are arranged evenly distributed over the circumference of the base body 1. The electrodes are partially embedded in the base body 1; however, they protrude from the base body 1 by about forty micrometers. The protrusion of the electrodes starts gradually so there are no edges. Each electrode is connected to a feed line 4, which runs inside the base body 1.
Auf dem Grundkörper 1 ist des Weiteren eine Markierung 8 angeordnet, welche zu den Elektroden der Elektrodenarrays 2a, 2b, 2c einen definierten geometrischen Bezug hat. Die Markierung 8 ist positionsgetreu auf dem Grundkörper 1 nach außen geführt.Furthermore, a marking 8 is arranged on the base body 1, which has a defined geometric reference to the electrodes of the electrode arrays 2a, 2b, 2c. The marking 8 is guided to the outside in the correct position on the base body 1.
Die jeweils zwölf Zuleitungen der Elektrodenarrays 2a, 2b, 2c sind der Übersicht wegen in Figur 1 als eine Zuleitung dargestellt.For the sake of clarity, the twelve leads of the electrode arrays 2a, 2b, 2c are shown in FIG. 1 as one lead.
Wie Figur 1 ebenfalls entnommen werden kann, ist der Grundkörper in der Nähe eines Ballons 5 eines Ballonkatheters 6 angeordnet. Der Grundkörper 1 ist derart in dem Katheter 6 angeordnet, dass sich die Mitte des Abstandes zwischen dem ersten Elektrodenarray 2a und dem letzten Elektrodenarray 2c in einem vorbestimmten Abstand 7 von dem Ballon 5 befindet.As can also be seen in FIG. 1, the base body is arranged in the vicinity of a balloon 5 of a balloon catheter 6. The base body 1 is arranged in the catheter 6 such that the center of the distance between the first electrode array 2a and the last electrode array 2c is at a predetermined distance 7 from the balloon 5.
Der Ballonkatheter 6 ist als Mulilumenkatheter ausgebildet, weshalb er ein Lumen 9 aufweist. Mittels des Lumens 9 lässt sich beispielsweise eine Drainage der Blase beziehungsweise eine Füllung der Blase zur Überprüfung von Reflexen vornehmen.The balloon catheter 6 is designed as a multi-lumen catheter, which is why it has a lumen 9. The lumen 9 can be used, for example, to drain the bladder or fill the bladder to check reflections.
Wie Figur 3 entnommen werden kann, können die Elektroden beziehungsweise die Elektrodenarrays 2a', 2b', 2c' auf einem Flexboard V angeordnet sein. Die Elektroden erstrecken sich durch das Flexboard 1' und sind zumindest teilweise von der Rückseite zugänglich. An den von der Rückseite zugänglichen Stellen sind an die Elektroden Zuleitungsdrähte 4' angelötet.As can be seen in FIG. 3, the electrodes or the electrode arrays 2a ', 2b', 2c 'can be arranged on a flexboard V. The electrodes extend through the flexboard 1 'and are at least partially accessible from the rear. At the points accessible from the rear, lead wires 4 'are soldered to the electrodes.
Das Flexboard V lässt sich auf dem Grundkörper 1' aufkleben, so dass die Elektrodenarrays 2a', 2b', 2c' auf dem Grundkörper 1 angeordnet sind. Die Anschlussdrähte 4' können dann in das Innere des Grundkörpers 1 geführt werden und von dort nach außen.The flexboard V can be glued to the base body 1 ', so that the electrode arrays 2a', 2b ', 2c' are arranged on the base body 1. The Connection wires 4 'can then be guided into the interior of the base body 1 and from there to the outside.
Bei der in Figur 4 dargestellten Ausführungsform sind die Elektrodenarrays 2a", 2b", 2c" in gleicher Weise wie in Figur 3 dargestellt auf einem Flexboard 1" angeordnet. Statt auf der Rückseite Zuleitungsdrähte angelötet zu haben, sind die Elektroden mit in einer Erstreckung 1a" des Flexboards 1" angeordneter Leiterbahnen 4" verbunden.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the electrode arrays 2a ", 2b", 2c "are arranged on a flexboard 1" in the same way as shown in FIG. Instead of having lead wires soldered on the back, the electrodes are connected to conductor tracks 4 arranged in an extension 1a "of the flexboard 1".
Ist das Flexboard 1" auf einem Grundkörper 1 aufgewickelt, lässt sich die Erstreckung 1a" des Flexboards auf den Grundkörper 1 spiralförmig aufwickeln, wodurch sie nach außen geführt werden kann. If the flexboard 1 "is wound on a base body 1, the extension 1a" of the flexboard can be wound onto the base body 1 in a spiral, as a result of which it can be guided to the outside.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Sensor zur Erfassung myoelektrischer Signale, mit einem zylinderförmigen Grundkörper (1), auf welchem wenigstens ein aus über den Umfang gleichmäßig verteilter auf einem Umfangskreis liegender Elektroden bestehendes Elektrodenarray (2a, 2b, 2c) angeordnet ist, mittels welchem Aktionsströme eines Muskels, insbesondere eines Ringmuskels erfassbar sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Elektrodenarray (2a, 2b, 2c) aus wenigstens zwölf Elektroden besteht und wenigstens zwei in einem geringen Abstand unmittelbar hintereinander angeordnete identisch ausgebildete Elektrodenarrays (2a, 2b, 2c) vorhanden sind.1. Sensor for detecting myoelectric signals, with a cylindrical base body (1) on which at least one electrode array (2a, 2b, 2c) consisting of electrodes evenly distributed over the circumference is arranged, by means of which action currents of a muscle, in particular of a circular muscle can be detected, characterized in that an electrode array (2a, 2b, 2c) consists of at least twelve electrodes and at least two identically designed electrode arrays (2a, 2b, 2c) arranged immediately behind one another are present.
2. Sensor nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Grundkörper (1) eine Markierung (8) aufweist, zu welcher die Elektroden einen eindeutigen Bezug aufweisen.2. Sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the base body (1) has a marking (8) to which the electrodes have a clear reference.
3. Sensor nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden länglich ausgebildet sind und sich in axialer Richtung des Grundkörpers (1) erstrecken.3. Sensor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electrodes are elongated and extend in the axial direction of the base body (1).
4. Sensor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden zwanzig bis sechzig, vorzugsweise dreißig bis fünfzig, insbesondere etwa vierzig Mikrometer aus dem Grundkörper (1) hervorstehen. 4. Sensor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electrodes protrude twenty to sixty, preferably thirty to fifty, in particular approximately forty micrometers from the base body (1).
5. Sensor nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Überstand wenigstens an den axialen Enden der Elektroden allmählich beginnt.5. Sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that the protrusion gradually begins at least at the axial ends of the electrodes.
6. Sensor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden auf einem Flexboard (1'; 1")angeordnet sind.6. Sensor according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the electrodes are arranged on a flexboard (1 '; 1 ").
7. Sensor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein aufblasbarer Ballon (5) vorhanden ist, von dem sich die Mitte des Abstandes zwischen dem ersten Elektrodenarray (2a) und dem letzten Elektrodenarray (2c) in einem vorbestimmten Abstand (7) befindet.7. Sensor according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that an inflatable balloon (5) is present, from which the center of the distance between the first electrode array (2a) and the last electrode array (2c) at a predetermined distance ( 7) is located.
8. Sensor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Grundkörper (1) als Hohizylinder ausgebildet ist und in der Zuleitung des Ballons (5) angeordnet ist.8. Sensor according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the base body (1) is designed as a hollow cylinder and is arranged in the feed line of the balloon (5).
9. Sensor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sensor Bestandteil eines Katheters (6) ist.9. Sensor according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the sensor is part of a catheter (6).
10. Sensor nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Katheter ein Multilumenkatheter ist. 10. Sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that the catheter is a multi-lumen catheter.
PCT/DE2005/000623 2004-04-08 2005-04-07 Sensor for the detection of myoelectric signals WO2005096926A1 (en)

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