WO2005095491A1 - An improved process of preparation of block copolymers and the block copolymers prepared therefrom - Google Patents

An improved process of preparation of block copolymers and the block copolymers prepared therefrom Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005095491A1
WO2005095491A1 PCT/IB2005/000864 IB2005000864W WO2005095491A1 WO 2005095491 A1 WO2005095491 A1 WO 2005095491A1 IB 2005000864 W IB2005000864 W IB 2005000864W WO 2005095491 A1 WO2005095491 A1 WO 2005095491A1
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block copolymer
homoblocks
molecular weight
psu
homoblock
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PCT/IB2005/000864
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French (fr)
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WO2005095491A8 (en
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Prakash Druman Trivedi
Atul Ramaniklal Raja
Mukesh Shambhubhai Jesani
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Solvay Specialities India Private Limited
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Priority claimed from US10/897,405 external-priority patent/US7312282B2/en
Application filed by Solvay Specialities India Private Limited filed Critical Solvay Specialities India Private Limited
Priority to EP05718340.2A priority Critical patent/EP1751214B2/en
Priority to CN2005800120498A priority patent/CN1942506B/en
Priority to DE602005002841T priority patent/DE602005002841D1/en
Priority to JP2007505666A priority patent/JP4940130B2/en
Priority to KR1020127012131A priority patent/KR101414909B1/en
Priority to AU2005227754A priority patent/AU2005227754A1/en
Publication of WO2005095491A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005095491A1/en
Publication of WO2005095491A8 publication Critical patent/WO2005095491A8/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G75/20—Polysulfones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
    • C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
    • C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G75/20—Polysulfones
    • C08G75/23—Polyethersulfones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L53/005—Modified block copolymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L81/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of polysulfones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L81/06—Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
    • C08G2261/12—Copolymers
    • C08G2261/126—Copolymers block
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S525/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
    • Y10S525/906—Polysulfone

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to processes for preparing block copolymers in a family of polysulfones, i.e. polymers containing sulfone linkages, particularly Polysulfones (PSU) , Polyether Sulfones (PES) and polyphenylene sulfones (PPSU) , and to block copolymers prepared therefrom. Furthermore, the present invention relates to random and alternating multi- block copolymers, including di- and tri-blocks, and to processes of their preparation. These homoblocks may have varying molecular weights or may have similar molecular weights when present in block copolymers as compared to their original molecular weights.
  • block copolymers show essentially a single glass transition temperature (Tg) , good transparency and can be readily processed using traditional plastics processing techniques. They can be used directly for molding, extrusion and also as compatibilizers for their high molecular weight homologues .
  • polysulfone polymers The family of polysulfone polymers is well known in the art and three types of polysulfone are available commercially viz. Polysulfone (PSU), Polyether Sulfone (PES) and Polyphenylene Sulfone (PPSU) .
  • PSU Polysulfone
  • PES Polyether Sulfone
  • PPSU Polyphenylene Sulfone
  • the commercially available Polysulfones (PSU, PPSU, PES) have good high temperature resistance and generally do not degrade or discolor at their processing temperatures of 350°C to 400°C. Additionally, they are transparent, light amber colored amorphous plastics with excellent mechanical and electrical properties, and good chemical and flame resistance.
  • These Polysulfones are readily processible using common plastics processing techniques such as injection molding, compression molding, blow molding and extrusion.
  • PSU Glass Transition Temperature
  • PES has a Tg of 225°C
  • PPSU has a Tg of 222°C.
  • PSU has a lower overall thermal resistance in terms of its dimensional stability compared to PPSU and especially PES, which has the highest thermal resistance.
  • PES also has a higher tensile strength (> 90 MPa) compared to PSU and PPSU (both 70-75 MPa) .
  • PPSU like polycarbonate (PC)
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PES and PSU have lower Izod notched impact strengths of only 50-55 J/m.
  • articles made from PPSU can withstand >1000 sterilization cycles without crazing, while PSU based articles withstand about 80 cycles and PES based articles withstand only about 100 cycles.
  • PSU on the other hand, has the lightest color and can be more readily processed, while PPSU is darker and more difficult to process than either PSU or PES.
  • PSU properties such as easy processibility and light color properties
  • PPSU properties such as high temperature and impact resistance
  • Incorporating a proportion of PSU into PPSU may also bring down the overall cost.
  • the physical blending of PPSU and PSU is one way of accomplishing this, it destroys one of the most important properties of the two homopolymers, namely their transparency.
  • a physical blend of PES and PSU is not only opaque, but also cannot be processed to give blends with desirable properties since they are very incompatible polymers.
  • polysulfone combinations are also desirable as they give higher Tg's than that of PES, further boosting the high temperature resistance of these polymers by incorporating these units and making them more readily processible by incorporating PES, PSU or PPSU into their chain structures .
  • the polysulfones shown above are prepared using one or more aromatic Dihalo compounds such as Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) or Dichlorodiphenyl disulfonylbiphenyl (CSB) , and one or more of aromatic di-hydroxy monomer such as Bisphenol A, Dihydroxy diphenylsulfone (DHDPS) , Biphenol, Dihydroxy diphenyl ether, Dihydroxy diphenyl methane, or their respective mono, di or tetra substituted Methyl derivatives, etc.
  • DCDPS Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
  • CSB Dichlorodiphenyl disulfonylbiphenyl
  • aromatic di-hydroxy monomer such as Bisphenol A, Dihydroxy diphenylsulfone (DHDPS) , Biphenol, Dihydroxy diphenyl ether, Dihydroxy diphenyl methane, or their respective mono, di or tetra substituted Methyl derivatives
  • the di-hydroxy compound used is Biphenol (HO-
  • PAS polyaryl sulfone
  • Amoco includes a small quantity of hydroquinone in addition to DCDPS and DHDPS.
  • the third monomer is added at the start of the manufacturing process and so gets polymerized in a random sequence in the polymer chain.
  • Hedtmann-Rein and Heinz teach the preparation of a block copolymer of PSU with a polyimide (PI) .
  • PI polyimide
  • a homoblock of an amine terminated polysulfone was prepared first. This was preformed using DCDPS, Bisphenol A and p-aminophenol to give a homoblock having a molecular weight in the range of 1500 to 20000.
  • the homoblock produced was subsequently reacted with a tetracarboxylic acid, such as benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, and another diamine, such as 4,4'- diaminodiphenylmethane, to make a block copolymer of PSU-PI.
  • a tetracarboxylic acid such as benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride
  • another diamine such as 4,4'- diaminodiphenylmethane
  • the copolymers were prepared in the melt phase at 350°C.
  • Toluene or monochlorobenzene (MCB) is added to facilitate dehydration.
  • the temperature of the mixture is then slowly increased to from 140°C to 170°C depending on the solvent utilized, whereupon the alkaline carbonate reacts with the phenol to give a salt and liberate water.
  • the water gets distilled off, which is facilitated by toluene or MCB, if present.
  • the reaction mixture after water removal is then heated to a temperature in the range of 170°C to 230°C, depending on the solvent, alkali and the dihydroxy monomer used, until the desired viscosity or molecular weight is attained. Thereafter, the growing chains are end-capped with MeCl and the reaction mass is filtered to remove salt. The polymer chains are then precipitated in water or MeOH, further treated to remove the residual solvent, and dried.
  • the solvent may be removed by flash evaporation and the reaction mass passed directly through a devolatizing extruder to remove residual solvent and for polymer granulation. Adding more than one hydroxy monomer to the above leads to ter-copolymers with three, instead of two, monomer units incorporated randomly in the chains .
  • block copolymer formation is evolved whereby two plastics, both of which are sulfone-based oligomers, are connected to form a single chain as a block copolymer.
  • block copolymers comprising two or more different polysulfones are not known in the art, and there is apparently no recognition of any potential benefits of such block copolymers.
  • the present invention discloses a process of preparing block copolymers using two or more different polysulfones homoblocks and avoids the strict requirement that the individual homoblocks must have the same end groups . Similarly, it is not necessary for the two or more homoblocks used to be in equivalent stoichiometric proportions for high molecular weight block copolymer formation. The freedom resulting from the relaxation of these restrictions gives rise to advantages that will be described later.
  • the present invention relates to processes for preparing block copolymers comprising at least two types of homoblock, all belonging to the polysulfone family, wherein each of the said homoblocks has an identical or different molecular weight of at least 1000 and comprises at least 3% of the overall weight of the block copolymer, and wherein the block copolymer has a molecular weight of at least 2000 and the processes comprising the steps of: (a) preparing each of the aforesaid homoblocks by reacting at least one aromatic diol or aromatic dialkoxide compound with at least one aromatic dihalo compound, one of which contains at least one sulfone group, in the presence of at least one alkali, optionally in at least one solvent and further optionally in the presence of an azeotropic agent, (b) reacting the aforesaid homoblocks together optionally in at least one solvent, optionally followed by end-capping said block copolymer, and (c) recovering the block copolymer.
  • the present invention also relates to the block copolymers prepared using the aforesaid process .
  • the present invention describes the preparation of block copolymers of various types of polysulfones. These novel block copolymers are prepared using a technique whereby lower molecular weight homoblocks are first separately prepared and then mixed in different proportions and reacted further to give high molecular weight block copolymers . It becomes possible, using this technique, to ensure the formation of the block structures, as well as their sequences and the block molecular weights. Besides segmented multi-blocks copolymers, even high molecular weight di-blocks or tri- blocks as well as multi-blocks with known block molecular weights are feasible using this method. Block copolymers thus prepared find usage as novel polysulfone plastics, and also as compatibilizers.
  • the first homoblock should have two -Cl end groups per chain and the second homoblock should have two -OH end groups per chain. Mixing and reacting them in a 1:1 ratio would then yield a high molecular weight block copolymer.
  • the present invention shows that it is possible to do away with the stringent requirement stated earlier that each homoblock should have identical end groups and the two homoblocks must be mixed in a 1:1 ratio.
  • Polysulfones usually have some -Cl and some -OH end groups.
  • the concentration of each is decided by two important factors: firstly the initial molar ratio of DCDPS to Phenolic monomer and secondly the molecular weight of the polymer, if the molar ratio is not strictly 1:1, that is allowed to build up.
  • the ratio of the two monomers is a very important factor because, in order to build a very high molecular weight, the ratio must be kept closer to 1:1 on a molar basis.
  • no monomer should be present in a concentration of more than approximately 1-2 mole % higher than the other monomer.
  • the mole ratio generally remains within the range 1.02:1.00 to 1.00:1.02 to get high molecular weights.
  • the present invention relates to novel polysulfone block copolymer structures and the novel process by which their preparation takes place.
  • this invention relates to the preparation of new types of block copolymers made using PSU, PES and PPSU and similar polysulfones and the novel methods of their preparation.
  • An example of a similar polysulfone is PSS, polyether ether sulfone sulfone.
  • the block copolymers may be made using at least two different types of polysulfones and may be made using more than two types of polysulfones.
  • the process of the present invention involves the preparation of novel block copolymers of the polysulfone family using solution or melt polymerization techniques.
  • block copolymers are prepared using lower molecular weight, oligomeric homoblocks of, for example, Polyphenylene Sulfone (PPSU) and Polysulfone (PSU) .
  • Other useful homoblocks include PES and Polyether ether sulfone sulfone (PEESS) .
  • PSSD Polyphenylene Sulfone
  • CSB Polysulfone
  • PSSB Polyether ether ether sulfone sulfone
  • the invention consists not only of novel block copolymers using the above mentioned homoblocks, but also of the process used for preparation of these novel block copolymers .
  • a major novel and unexpected aspect of the process of the present invention is that it can do away with the stringent requirements that the a given homoblock should have only one type of end group and that the stoichiometry between the homoblocks used must be 1:1.
  • the process of the present invention makes it possible to prepare high molecular weight block copolymers without having identical end groups on each homoblock and without the stoichiometry being closely controlled.
  • the present invention therefore greatly simplifies the formation of block copolymers.
  • a broader range of block copolymer structures can be readily made using the same homoblocks compared to the earlier methods of segmented block copolymer preparation.
  • using homoblocks with identical end groups in exact stoichiometric proportions does not harm the process in any way, but these are no longer preconditions for the build up of high molecular weight block copolymers.
  • This process means that, by controlling the end groups of the homoblocks, block copolymers in which the two homoblocks have a variety of molecular weights can be prepared.
  • the block copolymer can also have a large range of molecular weights and ratios of one homoblock to the other, which was not easy or even not possible in other type of block copolymers discussed earlier.
  • the novel block copolymers are made by first using initially separately prepared lower molecular weight homoblocks with reactive chain end groups.
  • homoblock it is meant that each block has either a PSU, PPSU or PES or some such polysulfone structure and different homoblocks have structures differing from each other.
  • the two homoblocks are separately prepared and are arranged to have two end groups which in turn are either the same or different. It is important to realize as taught by this invention that there should be, nevertheless, a near stoichiometric balance of the two differing end groups, in this case say -Cl and -OH. What is important is that both end groups are allowed to be present on both the homoblocks.
  • the different ways of preparing homoblocks are as follows :
  • the first set of homoblocks are prepared with predominantly halogen end groups, such as -F, -Cl, -Br and - I .
  • the second set of homoblocks are prepared with predominantly the second type of end group, which is capable of reacting with a halogen end group, such as -OH (which may be present as an alkoxide such as -OK, -ONa, or -OLi) . This is done by taking large molar excess of dihalo monomer as compared to the dihydroxy monomer in the first case and reversing this ratio in the second.
  • both homoblocks it is, however, possible according to this invention for both homoblocks to have both end groups and still be used for making high molecular weight block copolymers. This can be done by taking both monomers in near equal molar ratio. In such cases, the end groups will be halogen and hydroxy, irrespective of molecular weights.
  • the end groups will be halogen and hydroxy, irrespective of molecular weights.
  • the block copolymers formed may have blocks having in- chain molecular weights that are similar or higher than the molecular weights of the parent homoblocks.
  • This invention also teaches that besides being able to form a random homoblock sequence in the block copolymer thus prepared, one can also make di- and tri-block copolymers by adjusting the molecular weights of the homoblocks and the stoichiometry of the two homoblocks reacted to form the block copolymers .
  • the invention therefore teaches the preparation of di- block, tri-block as well as segmented multi-block copolymers where the homoblocks may alternate or be present in a random sequence .
  • the important point regarding the formation of the alternating or random block copolymers of the present invention is that the halogen and hydroxyl/alkoxide end groups of the homoblocks are present in approximately the same stoichiometric proportions overall, i.e. when considering all the homoblocks together.
  • the proportions of the halogen and hydroxyl/alkoxide end groups should be within +/- 7% of each other, more preferably +/- 5% and most preferably +/- 3%.
  • this invention makes it possible to build high molecular weight copolymers having essentially alternate homoblock structures in the chains. In such block copolymers all the blocks will have similar molecular weights to those of the two initial homoblocks. If the molecular weights of the homoblocks are kept high, then one can build di- and tri-block copolymers of relatively high molecular weights.
  • z the degree of block copolymerization
  • z the degree of block copolymerization
  • special tri-block copolymers can also be prepared by using judicious control of the molecular weight, stoichiometry and end groups of the homoblocks .
  • the novel aspect of this invention is the recognition that by varying the stoichiometry of the basic monomers that are used for the preparation of homoblocks, particularly when they are of lower molecular weights, one can make these homoblocks with predominantly known end groups.
  • one monomer say, DCDPS in an excess of, say, 3 mole % over Biphenol i.e. a molar stoichiometry of >1.03: 1.00, one obtains PPSU with essentially only -Cl as end groups.
  • homoblocks can also be conveniently prepared using near equal stoichiometry of the two base monomers, keeping the molecular weights of the homoblocks as desired and, by mixing, preparing high molecular weight block copolymers of the desired composition.
  • the important aspect of this invention is therefore the preparation of lower molecular weight homoblocks with known end groups and their mixing in the right proportions to yield random block copolymers of higher molecular weights.
  • a further novel and important aspect of this invention is the preparation of multi-block copolymers, particularly di- and tri-block copolymers.
  • These di- and tri-block copolymers are also materials of a novel composition.
  • homoblocks can be prepared with different molecular weights and essentially known end groups.
  • Polysulfones of sufficiently high molecular weight or inherent viscosity, (Inh.V.) are required to give optimum mechanical and other polymer properties.
  • PPSU of a number average molecular weight (Mn) of say 50000 with -Cl end groups and PSU of say similar molecular weight with -OK end groups when mixed and reacted in a proportion of 1:1 on a molar basis will give almost double the molecular weight, giving a di- block.
  • Mn number average molecular weight
  • PSU of say similar molecular weight with -OK end groups when mixed and reacted in a proportion of 1:1 on a molar basis will give almost double the molecular weight, giving a di- block.
  • the molecular weight can be controlled on-line using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) .
  • di-blocks are allowed to react -further to give still higher molecular weight, we get a tri- and tetra-block and so on.
  • di-blocks of the structure - [-PSU-PPSU-] - will further react to give tri-blocks of the structure - [-PSU- PPSU-PSU-]- and - [PPSU-PSU-PPSU-] - and which, on further reaction, will yield tetra-blocks and higher multi-blocks.
  • this invention makes it possible to prepare di-block, tri-block and multi-block copolymers of PSU and PPSU.
  • This invention further makes it possible to prepare a tri-block using three different types of homoblock as follows. First a di-block is prepared using two homoblocks, where the two end groups present on one homoblock are the same and similarly the second homoblock has two identical end groups on its chains, but different to those on the first homoblock. This di-block is reacted with a third homoblock having two end groups similar to either the first or the second homoblock to give a tri-block. Higher multiple block copolymers can be prepared by logical extension of these methods .
  • the block polymers thus produced may be checked for GPC molecular weight, Inh. V., DSC, Tg, MFI , etc. for quality control .
  • the block copolymers may be used as powder for compounding and subsequently for granulation or may be added as compatibilizers for separately manufactured high molecular weight homologue polysulfones.
  • the present invention seeks to achieve the following:
  • the invention preferably uses Sulfolane, NMP, DMAc, DMSO, DMS02, Diphenyl sulfone or any other aprotic organic solvent, or a mixture thereof, for the preparation of low molecular weight homoblocks and the high molecular weight block copolymers thereof .
  • MCB or Toluene or any other non-reacting solvent is used as a diluent and dehydrating agent for the salt formation, dehydration and polymerization steps.
  • Any azeotropic non-reacting solvent may also be used.
  • each homoblock should have a molecular weight of at least 1000 and each should comprise at least 3% of the overall weight of the block copolymer.
  • the block copolymer formed should have a molecular weight of at least 2000. However, it certain cases the formation of homoblocks and/or block copolymers with lower molecular weights may be useful.
  • the homoblock has a molecular weight of 2000 to 150000, and more preferably 15000 to 50000.
  • the block copolymer has a molecular weight of 5000 to 150000, and more preferably 30000 to 150000.
  • each of the homoblocks comprise at least 5% of the overall weight of the block copolymer, more preferably at least 10% of the overall weight, even more preferably at least 25% of the overall weight and most preferably at least 40% of the overall weight.
  • the process uses the above mentioned solvents in the temperature range of 120°C to 250°C, more preferably 160°C to 250°C, and with alkali such as NaOH, KOH, or another metal hydroxide, NaHC0 3 , KHC0 3 , or another metal hydrogen carbonate, Na 2 C0 3 or K 2 C0 3 , or another metal carbonate either by themselves or in a combination of these or any other such suitable alkaline substances.
  • alkali such as NaOH, KOH, or another metal hydroxide, NaHC0 3 , KHC0 3 , or another metal hydrogen carbonate, Na 2 C0 3 or K 2 C0 3 , or another metal carbonate either by themselves or in a combination of these or any other such suitable alkaline substances.
  • alkali such as NaOH, KOH, or another metal hydroxide, NaHC0 3 , KHC0 3 , or another metal hydrogen carbonate, Na 2 C0 3 or K 2 C0 3 , or another metal carbonate either by themselves or in a combination of these or
  • the process includes the preferred steps of filtration of the salt and precipitation of the block copolymer from the reaction mixture in a non-solvent like H 2 0 or MeOH or a mixture of the two, and then giving further water/or MeOH treatments to remove by-product salt, unreacted alkali and optionally the solvent, and subsequently drying the polymeric powder.
  • a non-solvent like H 2 0 or MeOH or a mixture of the two
  • the block copolymers of the present invention show the properties desired by those skilled in the art both in terms of transparency and ease of processing.
  • the formation of copolymers rather than simple mixtures of the two homopolymers is shown by the single glass transition temperatures obtained.
  • the block copolymers can be used directly for molding, extrusion and as compatibilizers for their high molecular weight homologues .
  • EXAMPLE 1 A block-copolymer of 50:50 PPSU:PSU (B-0)
  • Part 1 The preparation of the PPSU homoblock:
  • a 4-necked, 3-litre glass flask was equipped with an overhead stirrer attached to a stainless steel paddle through its center neck. Through one of its side necks, a Cloisonne adapter was attached. The other neck of the Cloisonne adapter was attached to a Dean-Stark trap and a water-cooled condenser. A thermocouple thermometer was inserted through another of the side necks. A nitrogen gas inlet was inserted through the other side neck. The flask was placed in an oil bath, which was connected to a temperature controller.
  • Dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) (873gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (344gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask and heated to 45°C.
  • Biphenol (186gms) and 4, 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (307 g s) were added to the flask, the DCDPS and biphenol being in a molar ratio of 1.07:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes.
  • Anhydrous potassium carbonate (152 gms) and sodium carbonate (21gms) were added to the flask. A nitrogen atmosphere was maintained in the flask by purging.
  • the temperature of the reactants was slowly increased to 165°C over 9 hours and the stirring speed set to 400rpm.
  • the water formed due to the reaction of K 2 C0 3 with biphenol was distilled over as an azeotrope with toluene and collected in the Dean-Stark trap.
  • the toluene was then returned to the reaction mixture once it had been separated from the water. Once the water had been completely removed, toluene addition back to reaction vessel was stopped.
  • the toluene was then removed completely from the reaction mixture as the temperature of the reactants increased.
  • the desired temperature was reached after 9 hours.
  • the reaction temperature was then maintained at 165°C and when the viscosity started to increase the stirring speed was raised to 500 rpm.
  • Part 2 The preparation of the PSU homoblock.
  • DMAc 873gms, 950ml/mole
  • toluene 400ml/mole
  • Bisphenol A (244gms)
  • DCDPS 4,4' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
  • the temperature of the reactants was slowly increased to 165°C over 9 hours and the stirring speed was set to 400 rpm.
  • the water formed due to the reaction was distilled over as an azeotrope with toluene and collected in the Dean-Stark trap.
  • the toluene was then returned to the reaction mixture once it had been separated from the water. Once the water had been completely removed, toluene addition back to the reaction vessel was stopped.
  • the toluene was then removed completely from the reaction mixture as the temperature of the reactants increased.
  • the desired temperature was reached after 9 hours.
  • the reaction temperature was then maintained at 165°C and when the viscosity started to increase the stirring speed was raised to 500 rpm. At the required Mn of 17,000, MW of about 26,000 and MWD 1.5 the viscosity of the reaction mixture remained almost constant, indicating the end of the polymerization reaction.
  • Part 3 The preparation of the block copolymer.
  • the reaction mixtures of Part 1 and Part 2 were mixed in equal proportions by weight and the block polymerization was conducted at 165°C. After the required MW was achieved, as shown by GPC, the reaction mixture was quenched with DMAc (376gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 160°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (600ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution was filtered through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm 2 of nitrogen to remove any salts.
  • DMAc 376gms, 400ml/mole
  • Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping.
  • the reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (600ml/mole) for a second time.
  • the polymer solution was filtered through a 15micron
  • the block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The precipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was ground and refluxed three times with de-ionized water at 90°C to completely remove all salts and DMAc. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fischer titration was ⁇ 0.5%.
  • the block copolymer produced had a significantly higher molecular weight than the two homoblocks used as monomer units, indicating the preparation of a block copolymer.
  • the block copolymer powder was then mixed with 0.3% heat stabilizer and 0.2% Ca stearate and granulated using a twin screw extruder.
  • the Tg and the specific gravity of PSU are 189°C and 1.235 respectively, whilst those of PPSU are 222°C and 1.290.
  • the transparent granules of block copolymer showed a DSC Tg of 206°C and a specific gravity of 1.260.
  • the transparency of the granules, the single GPC peak, the intermediate Tg and the specific gravity of the product clearly indicate that a block-copolymer of PSU and PPSU had indeed been formed and that the product was not simply a blend of the two homopolymers, PSU and PPSU.
  • the remaining properties and also those of the blends are given in Table 1.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A block-copolymer of 75:25 PPSU:PSU (B-l)
  • Part 1 The preparation of the PPSU homoblock.
  • DMAc (2679 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (1032gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C.
  • Biphenol (558 gms) and 4 , 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (921 gms) were added to the flask, the DCDPS and biphenol being in a molar ratio of 1.07:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes.
  • the toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent .
  • the rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1.
  • the homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 16,000, an Mw of 25,000 and an MWD of 1.52.
  • Part 2 The preparation of the PSU homoblock.
  • Dimethyl Acetamide (DMAc) (893gms, 950ml/mole) and Toluene (344gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C.
  • Bisphenol A (244Gms) and 4,4'- dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (287 gms) were added to the flask, the Bisphenol A and DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.07:1.00, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes.
  • Anhydrous potassium carbonate (170 gms) was added to the flask.
  • the toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent.
  • the rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 2 of Example 1.
  • the homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 14,000, an Mw of 21,000 and an MWD of 1.49.
  • Part 3 The preparation of the block copolymer.
  • the reaction mixtures of Part 1 (3 parts) and Part 2 (1 Part) were mixed together and the block polymerization was conducted at 165°C. After the required GPC MW was achieved, the reaction mixture was quenched with DMAc (344gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 160°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (600ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution was passed through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm 2 nitrogen to remove any salts.
  • DMAc 344gms, 400ml/mole
  • Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping.
  • the reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (600ml/mole) for a second time.
  • the polymer solution was passed through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter
  • the block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The precipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was treated three times with refluxing de-ionized water at 90°C. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fisher titration was ⁇ 0.5%. GPC analysis of the block copolymer showed an Mn of 83,000, an Mw of 119,000 and an MWD of 1.44 based on the polystyrene standards . The block copolymer was then granulated as in Example 1 and its properties were measured.
  • EXAMPLE 3 A block copolymer of 25:75 PPSU:PSU (B 2)
  • Part 1 The preparation of the PPSU homoblock.
  • DMAc (893 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (344gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C.
  • Biphenol (199gms) and DCDPS (287 gms) were added to the flask, the
  • DCDPS and biphenol being in a molar ratio of 1.00:1.07, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes.
  • Anhydrous potassium carbonate (162 gms, 1. lOmole/mole) and sodium carbonate (23gms) were then added to the flask.
  • the rest of the procedure is same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1.
  • the homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 17,000, an Mw of 30,000 and an MWD of 1.70 based on the polystyrene standards.
  • Part 2 The preparation of the PSU homoblock. DMAc (2679 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (1032gms).
  • Part 3 The preparation of the block copolymer.
  • EXAMPLE 4 A copolymer of 90:10 PPSU:PSU (B 3)
  • Part 1 The preparation of the PPSU homoblock. DMAc (3215 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (1238gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Biphenol (670 gms) and 4, 4' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (1075 gms) , were added to the flask, the DCDPS and biphenol being in a molar ratio of 1.04:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (546gms) and sodium carbonate (76gms) were added to the flask. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent.
  • DCDPS 4' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
  • the rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1.
  • the homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 22,000, an Mw of 26,000 and an MWD of 1.16.
  • Part 2 The preparation of the PSU homoblock.
  • DMAc 357 gms, 950ml/mole
  • Toluene 138gms 400ml/mole
  • Bisphenol A 96gms
  • DCDPS 115 gms
  • the reaction mixtures of Part 1 (9 parts) and Part 2 (1 Part) were mixed together and the block polymerization conducted at 165°C. After the required GPC MW was achieved, the reaction mixture was quenched with DMAc (376gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 160°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (564gms, 600ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution was passed through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm 2 nitrogen to remove any salts.
  • DMAc 376gms, 400ml/mole
  • Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping.
  • the reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (564gms, 600ml/mole) for a second time.
  • the polymer solution was passed through a
  • the block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation.
  • the precipitated polymer was recovered by filtration.
  • the precipitated polymer was treated three times with refluxing de-ionized water at 90°C.
  • the precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fisher titration was ⁇ 0.5%.
  • the PPSU used was the commercially available GAFONE -P 4300 grade and the PSU used was the commercially available GAFONE -S PSU 1300, both from Gharda Chemicals Ltd. India.
  • Part 1 The preparation of the PPSU homoblock. DMAc (8037 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (3096gms,
  • Part 2 The preparation of the PSU homoblock.
  • DMAc (893 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (344gms 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C.
  • Bisphenol A (239gms) and , 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (287 gms) were added to the flask, the Bisphenol A and DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.05:1.00, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes.
  • Anhydrous potassium carbonate (167 gms) was added to the flask.
  • the toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent .
  • the rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 2 of Example 1.
  • the homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 10,000, an Mw of 15,000 and an MWD of 1.50
  • Part 3 The preparation of the block copolymer.
  • the reaction mixtures of Part 1 (9 parts) and Part 2 (1 Part) were mixed together and the block polymerization was conducted at 165°C. After the required GPC MW was achieved, the reaction mixture was quenched with DMAc (376gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 160°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (564gms, 600ml/mole) for the second time. The polymer solution was passed through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm 2 nitrogen to remove any salts.
  • DMAc 376gms, 400ml/mole
  • the block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation.
  • the precipitated polymer was recovered by filtration.
  • the precipitated polymer was treated three times with refluxing de-ionized water at 90°C.
  • the precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C, until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fisher titration was ⁇ 0.5%.
  • EXAMPLE 7 A block copolymer of 90:10 PPSU:PSU (B 5)
  • Part 1 The preparation of the PPSU homoblock.
  • DMAc 8037 gms, 950ml/mole
  • toluene (3096gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C.
  • Biphenol (1674 gms) and 4 , 4' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (2816 gms) were added to the flask, the DCDPS and biphenol being in a molar ratio of 1.09:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes.
  • Anhydrous potassium carbonate 1366gms
  • anhydrous sodium carbonate (191gms) were added to the flask.
  • the toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent.
  • the rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1.
  • the homoblock obtained had GPC molecular weights of Mn 42,000, an Mw of 55,000 and an MWD of 1.31.
  • Part 2 Preparation of the PSU Homoblock.
  • DMAc (893 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (344gms 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C.
  • Bisphenol A (244gms) and 4 , 4' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (287 gms)
  • DCDPS 4' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
  • Anhydrous potassium carbonate (170 gms) was added to the flask.
  • the toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent .
  • the rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 2 of Example 1.
  • the homoblock obtained had GPC molecular weights of Mn 18,000, an Mw of 24,000 and an MWD of 1.34.
  • Part 3 The preparation of the block copolymer.
  • the reaction mixtures of Part 1 (9 parts) and Part 2 (1 Part) were mixed together and the block polymerization was conducted at 165°C. An insufficient viscosity rise took place during the polymerization.
  • the GPC analysis showed an Mn of 48,000, an Mw of 67,000 and an MWD of 1.39, so an extra 0.04mole/mole of biphenol was added and the polymerization was continued.
  • the reaction mixture was quenched with DMAc (376gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 160°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping.
  • the reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (564gms, 600ml/mole) for a second time.
  • the polymer solution was passed through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm 2 nitrogen to remove any salts.
  • the block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation.
  • the precipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration.
  • the precipitated polymer was treated three times with refluxing de-ionized water at 90°C.
  • the precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fisher titration was ⁇ 0.5%.
  • EXAMPLE 8 A block copolymer of 80:20 PPSU:PSU (B 6)
  • Part 1 The preparation of the PPSU homoblock.
  • DMAc 7144 gms, 950ml/mole
  • toluene 2752gms, 400ml/mole
  • Biphenol 1488 gms
  • DCDPS 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
  • Anhydrous potassium carbonate (1215gms) and anhydrous sodium carbonate (170gms) were added to the flask.
  • the toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent .
  • the rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1.
  • the homoblock obtained had GPC molecular weights of Mn 42,000, an Mw of 53,000 and an MWD of 1.25.
  • Part 2 The preparation of the PSU homoblock.
  • DMAc (1786 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (688gms 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C.
  • Bisphenol A (524gms) and 4 , 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (574gms) , were added to the flask, the Bisphenol A and DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.15:1.00, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes.
  • Anhydrous potassium carbonate (365 gms) was added to the flask.
  • the toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent .
  • the rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 2 of Example 1.
  • the homoblock obtained had GPC molecular weights of Mn 17,000, an Mw of 23,000 and an MWD of 1.33
  • Part 3 The preparation of the block copolymer.
  • the reaction mixtures of Part 1 (8 parts) and Part 2 (2 Part) were mixed together and the polymerization was conducted at 165°C. When the GPC molecular weight showed an Mw of 94,000.
  • the reaction mass was quenched with DMAc (376gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 160°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping.
  • the reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (564gms, 600ml/mole) for a second time.
  • the polymer solution was passed through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm 2 nitrogen to remove any salts.
  • the block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt- free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The precipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was treated three times with refluxing de-ionized water at 90°C. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fisher titration was ⁇ 0.5%.
  • Polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) is insoluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 65°C, whereas polyether sulfone (PSU) is soluble.
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • PSU polyether sulfone
  • the 90:10 PPSU: PSU block copolymer was only 0.64% soluble in THF, clearly indicating its block structure.
  • Part 1 The preparation of the PSU homoblock.
  • DMA.C 873gms, 950ml/mole
  • toluene 400ml/mole
  • DCDPS 4,4' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
  • Anhydrous potassium carbonate (476gms) was added.
  • the toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent.
  • the temperature of the reactants was slowly increased to 165°C over 9 hours and the stirring speed was set to 400 rpm.
  • the water formed due to the reaction was distilled over as an azeotrope with toluene and collected in the Dean-Stark trap.
  • the toluene was then returned to the reaction mixture once it had been separated from the water. Once the water had been completely removed, toluene addition back to the reaction vessel was stopped.
  • the toluene was then removed completely from the reaction mixture as the temperature of the reactants increased.
  • the desired temperature was reached after 9 hours.
  • the reaction temperature was then maintained at 165°C and when the viscosity started to increase the stirring speed was raised to 500 rpm. At the required Mn of 13,000, MW of about 17,000 and MWD 1.36 the viscosity of the reaction mixture remained almost constant, indicating the end of the polymerization reaction.
  • Part 2 The preparation of the PES homoblock: A 4-necked, 3-litre glass flask was equipped with an overhead stirrer attached to a stainless steel paddle through its center neck. Through one of its side necks, a Cloisonne adapter was attached. The other neck of the Cloisonne adapter was attached to a Dean-Stark trap and a water-cooled condenser. A thermocouple thermometer was inserted through another of the side necks. A nitrogen gas inlet was inserted through the other side neck. The flask was placed in an oil bath, which was connected to a temperature controller. Dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) (873gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (344gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask and heated to
  • DMAc Dimethyl acetamide
  • DHDPS 257.5gms
  • DCDPS 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
  • DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.03:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes.
  • Anhydrous potassium carbonate (158.7 gms) was added to the flask.
  • a nitrogen atmosphere was maintained in the flask by purging.
  • the temperature of the reactants was slowly increased to 165°C over 9 hours and the stirring speed set to 400rpm.
  • the water formed due to the reaction of K 2 C0 3 with DHDPS was distilled over as an azeotrope with toluene and collected in the Dean-Stark trap.
  • the toluene was then returned to the reaction mixture once it had been separated from the water. Once the water had been completely removed, toluene addition back to reaction vessel was stopped.
  • the toluene was then removed completely from the reaction mixture as the temperature of the reactants increased. The desired temperature was reached after 9 hours. The reaction temperature was then maintained at 165°C and when the viscosity started to increase the stirring speed was raised to 500 rpm. Once the viscosity increase slowed, a sample was taken out to check the molecular weight.
  • the GPC Mn achieved was about 22,000, with a Mw of 25,000 and a MWD of 1.15.
  • the reaction mixture was allowed to cool in preparation for its reaction with the product of part 2.
  • the relatively high molar ratio of DCDPS to DHDPS gave PES of a relatively low molecular weight and with predominantly end groups of -Ph-Cl .
  • Part 3 The preparation of the block copolymer.
  • the reaction mixtures of Part 1(3 parts) and Part 2 (1 part) were mixed by weight proportion and the block polymerization was conducted at 165°C. After the required MW was achieved, as shown by GPC, the reaction mixture was quenched with DMAc (376gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 140°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (600ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution was filtered through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm 2 of nitrogen to remove any salts.
  • DMAc 376gms, 400ml/mole
  • Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping.
  • the reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (600ml/mole) for a second time.
  • the polymer solution was filtered through
  • the block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The p'recipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was ground and refluxed three times with de-ionized water at 90°C to completely remove all salts and DMAc. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fischer titration was ⁇ 0.5%.
  • the block copolymer produced had a significantly higher molecular weight than the two homoblocks used as monomer units, indicating the preparation of a block copolymer.
  • the block copolymer powder was then mixed with 0.3% heat stabilizer and granulated using a twin screw extruder.
  • the Tg and the specific gravity of PSU are 190°C and 1.24 respectively, whilst those of PES are 224°C and 1.37.
  • the transparent granules of block copolymer showed a DSC Tg of 198°C and a specific gravity of 1.27.
  • EXAMPLE 12 A block-copolymer of 50:50 PSU:PES (BC-8)
  • Part 1 The preparation of the PSU homoblock.
  • Dimethyl Acetamide (DMAc) (1786 gms, 950ml/mole) and Toluene (688 gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C.
  • Bisphenol A (461Gms) and 4,4'- dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (574 gms) were added to the flask, the Bisphenol A and DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.01:1.00, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes.
  • Anhydrous potassium carbonate (318 gms) was added to the flask.
  • the toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent.
  • the rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1.
  • the homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 8,000, an Mw of 11,000 and an MWD of 1.43.
  • Part 2 The preparation of the PES homoblock.
  • DMAc (1786 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (688 gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C.
  • DHDPS 500 gms
  • DCDPS 4,4' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
  • Anhydrous potassium carbonate (318 gms) was added to the flask.
  • the toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent.
  • the rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 2 of Example 1.
  • the homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 28,000, an Mw of 34,000 and an MWD of 1.21.
  • Part 3 The preparation of the block copolymer.
  • the reaction mixtures of Part 1 and Part 2 were mixed together and the block polymerization was conducted at 165°C. After the required GPC MW was achieved, the reaction mixture was quenched with DMAc (344gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 140°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (600ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution was passed through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm 2 nitrogen to remove any salts.
  • DMAc 344gms, 400ml/mole
  • Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping.
  • the reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (600ml/mole) for a second time.
  • the polymer solution was passed through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/c
  • the block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The precipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was treated three times with refluxing de-ionized water at 90°C. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fisher titration was ⁇ 0.5%. GPC analysis of the block copolymer showed an Mn of 67,000, an Mw of 92,000 and an MWD of 1.37 based on the polystyrene standards. The block copolymer was then granulated as in Example 1 and its properties were measured.
  • EXAMPLE 13 A block copolymer of 25:75 PSU:PES (BC 9)
  • Part 1 The preparation of the PSU homoblock. DMAc (893 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (344 gms).
  • the rest of the procedure is same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1.
  • the homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 17,000, an Mw of 22,000 and an MWD of 1.29 based on the polystyrene standards.
  • Part 2 The preparation of the PES homoblock.
  • DMAc 2679 gms, 950ml/mole
  • toluene 1032gms, 400ml/mole
  • DHDPS 750 gms
  • DCDPS 878 gms
  • Anhydrous potassium carbonate 476 gms, 1.15mole/mole
  • the rest of the procedure is same as that described in Part 2 of Example 1.
  • the homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular -weight of Mn 15,000, an Mw of 20,000 and an MWD of 1.33 based on the polystyrene standards.
  • Part 3 The preparation of the block copolymer.
  • Part 1 The preparation of the PSU homoblock.
  • the rest of the procedure is same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1.
  • the homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 49,000, an Mw of 63,000 and an MWD of 1.29 based on the polystyrene standards.
  • Part 2 The preparation of the PES homoblock.
  • DMAc 3215 gms, 950ml/mole
  • toluene 1238gms, 400ml/mole
  • DHDPS 900 gms
  • DCDPS 1044 gms
  • Anhydrous potassium carbonate 571 gms, 1.15mole/mole
  • the rest of the procedure is same as that described in Part 2 of Example 1.
  • the homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 35,000, an Mw of 51,000 and an MWD of 1.46 based on the polystyrene standards.
  • Part 3 The preparation of the block copolymer.
  • EXAMPLE 15 Physical Blends of PSU and PES: In order to study the properties of the physical blending of PPSU and PSU dry blending of the powders was carried out in the following proportions, followed by extrusion on ZE 25 twin screw extruder and evaluation (Table 3) .
  • the PES used was the commercially available GAFONE - 3 300 grade and the PSU used was the commercially available G A FONE -S PSU 1300, both from Gharda Chemicals Ltd. India.
  • BC7, BC8, BC9 & BCIO are block copolymers a not just physical mixtures like CAl, CA2, CA3 & CA4. are not miscible.
  • EXAMPLE 16 A block-copolymer of 90:10 PES : PPSU (D-2)
  • Part 1 The preparation of the PES homoblock. DMAc (2876gms, 850ml/mole) and toluene (400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 65°C. 4 , 4' -dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone (DHDPS) (900 gms) and 4 , 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (1044 gms) were added to the flask, the DCDPS and
  • DHDPS 4' -dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone
  • DCDPS 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
  • a -necked, 3-litre glass flask was equipped with an overhead stirrer attached to a stainless steel paddle through its center neck. Through one of its side necks, a Cloisonne adapter was attached. The other neck of the Cloisonne adapter was attached to a Dean-Stark trap and a water-cooled condenser. A thermocouple thermometer was inserted through another of the side necks. A nitrogen gas inlet was inserted through the other side neck. The flask was placed in an oil bath, which was connected to a temperature controller.
  • Dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) (357gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene ( 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask and heated to 45°C.
  • Biphenol (75.9) and 4, 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (114.8 gms) were added to the flask, the Biphenol and
  • the desired temperature was reached after 9 hours.
  • the reaction temperature ' was then maintained at 165°C and when the viscosity started to increase the stirring speed was raised to 500 rpm. Once the viscosity increase slowed, a sample was taken out to check the molecular weight.
  • the GPC Mn achieved was about 17,000, with a Mw of 22,000 and a MWD of 1.33.
  • the reaction mixture was allowed to cool in preparation for its reaction with the product of part 2.
  • the relatively high molar ratio of DCDPS to Biphenol gave PPSU of a relatively low molecular weight and with predominantly end groups of - Ph-Cl.
  • Part 3 The preparation of the block copolymer.
  • the reaction mixtures of Part 1(9 part) and Part 2 (1 part) were mixed by weight proportion and the block polymerization was conducted at 165°C. After the required MW was achieved, as shown by GPC, the reaction mixture was quenched with DMAc (376gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 140°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (600ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution was filtered through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm 2 of nitrogen to remove any salts.
  • DMAc 376gms, 400ml/mole
  • the block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The precipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was ground and refluxed three times with de-ionized water at 90°C to completely remove all salts and DMAc. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fischer titration was ⁇ 0.5%.
  • the block copolymer produced had a significantly higher molecular weight than the two homoblocks used as monomer units, indicating the preparation of a block copolymer.
  • the block copolymer powder was then mixed with 0.3% heat stabilizer and granulated using a twin screw extruder.
  • the Tg and the specific gravity of PES are 224°C and 1.37 respectively, whilst those of PPSU are 223 °C and 1.29.
  • the transparent granules of block copolymer showed a DSC Tg of 224°C and a specific gravity of 1.36.
  • EXAMPLE 17 A block-copolymer of 75:25 PES : PPSU (MPES # S-01)
  • Part 1 The preparation of the PES homoblock:
  • a 4-necked, 3-litre glass flask was equipped with an overhead stirrer attached to a stainless steel paddle through its center neck.
  • a steel head and vertical cooled condenser was attached to one of the necks of the flask.
  • a thermocouple thermometer was inserted through another of the side necks.
  • a nitrogen gas inlet was inserted through the other side neck.
  • the flask was placed in an oil bath, which was connected to a temperature controller.
  • Sulfolane (945gms, 750ml/mole) was placed in the flask and heated to 45°C. 4 , 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (222 gms) and 4 , 4 ' Dihydroxy Diphenyl sulfone (DHDPS) (187.5 gms) were added to the flask, the DCDPS and DHDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.03:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous sodium carbonate (94 gms) was added to the flask. A nitrogen atmosphere was maintained in the flask by purging.
  • DCDPS 4 -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
  • DHDPS Dihydroxy Diphenyl sulfone
  • the temperature of the reactants was slowly increased to 225°C over 6 hours and the stirring speed set to 400rpm.
  • the water formed due to the reaction of Na 2 C0 3 with DHDPS was distilled through condenser.
  • the reaction temperature was then maintained at 220°C and when the viscosity started to increase the stirring speed was raised to 500 rpm. Once the viscosity increase slowed, a sample was taken out to check the molecular weight .
  • the GPC Mn achieved was about 24,000, with a Mw of 34,000 and a MWD of 1.37.
  • the reaction mixture was allowed to cool in preparation for its reaction with the product of part 2.
  • the relatively high molar ratio of DCDPS to DHDPS gave PES of a relatively low molecular weight and with predominantly end groups of -Ph-Cl.
  • Part 2 The preparation of the PPSU homoblock. Sulfolane (315gms, 250ml/mole) and toluene (400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. 4,4'- dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (71.75 gms) and Biphenol (48 gm) were added to the flask, the Biphenol : DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.03:1.00, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (39.7gms) was added. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent.
  • DCDPS 4,4'- dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
  • Biphenol 48 gm
  • Anhydrous potassium carbonate 39.7gms
  • the temperature of the reactants was slowly increased to 190°C over 4 hours and the stirring speed was set to 400 rpm.
  • the water formed due to the reaction was distilled over as an azeotrope with toluene and collected in the Dean-Stark trap.
  • the toluene was then returned to the reaction mixture once it had been separated from the water. Once the water had been completely removed, toluene addition back to the reaction vessel was stopped.
  • the toluene was then removed completely from the reaction mixture as the temperature of the reactants increased.
  • the desired temperature was reached after 4 hours.
  • the reaction temperature was then maintained at 190°C and when the viscosity started to increase the stirring speed was raised to 500 rpm.
  • the required Mn of 18,000, MW of about 22,000 and MWD 1.14 were achieved.
  • the relatively high molar ratio of Biphenol to DCDPS gave PPSU of a relatively low molecular weight and with predominantly end groups of -Ph-OH
  • Part 3 The preparation of the block copolymer.
  • the reaction mixtures of Part 1 and Part 2 were mixed in equal proportions by weight and the block polymerization was conducted at 220°C. After the required MW was achieved, as shown by GPC, the reaction mixture was quenched with Sulfolane (252gms, 200ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 210°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 3 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with Sulfolane (400ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution was filtered through a 15 micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm 2 of nitrogen to remove any salts.
  • the block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The precipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was ground and refluxed three times with de-ionized water at 90°C to completely remove all salts and Sulfolane. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fischer titration was ⁇ 0.5%. GPC analysis of the block copolymer showed an Mn of 85,000, an Mw of 119,000 and an MWD of 1.39 based on the polystyrene standards.
  • the copolymer produced had a significantly higher molecular weight than the two homoblocks used as monomer units, indicating the preparation of a block copolymer.
  • the block copolymer powder was then mixed with 0.25% heat stabilizer and granulated using a twin screw extruder.
  • the Tg and the specific gravity of PES are 225°C and 1.37 respectively, whilst those of PPSU are 222 °C and 1.290.
  • the transparent granules of block copolymer showed a DSC Tg of 224°C and a specific gravity of 1.34.
  • EXAMPLE 18 A block-copolymer of 50:50 PSSD :PSSB (MPSS # 2)
  • PSSD - PSSB block copolymer PSSD - PSSB block copolymer
  • Part 1 The preparation of the PSSD homoblock:
  • a 4-necked, 10 -liter glass flask was equipped with an overhead stirrer attached to a stainless steel paddle through its center neck.
  • a steel head and vertical cooled condenser was attached to one of the necks of the flask.
  • a thermocouple thermometer was inserted through another of the side necks.
  • a nitrogen gas inlet was inserted through the other side neck.
  • the flask was placed in an oil bath, which was connected to a temperature controller.
  • Sulfolane (4410 gms, 3500ml/mole) and toluene (lOOOml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C.
  • Part 2 The preparation of the PSSB homoblock.
  • the temperature of the reactants was slowly increased to 220°C over 5 hours and the stirring speed was set to 400 rpm.
  • the water formed due to the reaction was distilled over as an azeotrope with toluene and collected in the Dean-Stark trap.
  • the toluene was then returned to the reaction mixture once it had been separated from the water. Once the water had been completely removed, toluene addition back to the reaction vessel was stopped.
  • the toluene was then removed completely from the reaction mixture as the temperature of the reactants increased.
  • the desired temperature was reached after 4 hours.
  • the reaction temperature was then maintained at 220°C and when the viscosity started to increase the stirring speed was raised to 500 rpm.
  • the required Mn of 29,000, MW of about 38,000 and MWD 1.31 was achieved.
  • the relatively high molar ratio of Biphenol to CSB gave PSSB of a relatively low molecular weight and with predominantly end groups of -Ph-OH
  • Part 3 The preparation of the block copolymer.
  • the reaction mixtures of Part 1 and Part 2 were mixed in equal proportions by weight and the block polymerization was conducted at 220°C. After the required MW was achieved, as shown by GPC, the reaction mixture was quenched with Sulfolane (504gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 210°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 3 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with Sulfolane (400 ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution was filtered through a 15 micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm 2 of nitrogen to remove any salts.
  • the block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13 ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The precipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was ground and refluxed three times with de-ionized water at 90°C to completely remove all salts and Sulfolane. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fischer titration was ⁇ 0.5%.
  • the block copolymer produced had a significantly higher molecular weight than the two homoblocks used as monomer units, indicating the preparation of a block copolymer.
  • the block copolymer powder was then mixed with 0.25% heat stabilizer and granulated using a twin screw extruder.
  • the Tg and the specific gravity of PSSD are 259°C and 1.29 respectively, while those of PSSB are 270°C and 1.320.
  • the transparent granules of the block copolymer showed a DSC Tg of 266°C and a specific gravity of 1.31.
  • Part 1 The preparation of the PPSU homoblock.
  • the toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent.
  • the rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1.
  • the homoblock obtained had GPC molecular weights of Mn 20,000, an Mw of 24,000 and an MWD of 1.20.
  • Part 2 The preparation of the PSU homoblock. DMAc (44.6 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (17 gms).
  • the reaction mixtures of Part 1 (8 parts) and Part 2 (2 Part) were mixed together and the polymerization was conducted at 165°C.
  • the GPC molecular weight showed an Mw of 114,000
  • the reaction mass was quenched with DMAc (376gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 160°C.
  • Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping.
  • the reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (564gms, 600ml/mole) for a second time.
  • the polymer solution was passed through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm 2 nitrogen to remove any salts.
  • the block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt- free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The precipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was treated three times with refluxing de-ionized water at 90°C. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fisher titration was ⁇ 0.5%.
  • Example 20 Melt extrusion of block co-polymer of PPSU:PSU 95:5 An experimental set up similar to that described in Example 1 was used.
  • Part 1 The preparation of the PPSU homoblock.
  • DMAc 848 gms, 950ml/mole
  • toluene 326gms, 400ml/mole
  • Biphenol 176.7 gms
  • DCDPS 4, 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
  • Anhydrous potassium carbonate 144.2 gms
  • anhydrous sodium carbonate 14Ogms
  • the rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1.
  • the homoblock obtained had GPC molecular weights of Mn 18,000, an Mw of 22,000 and an MWD of 1.22.
  • Part 2 The preparation of the PSU homoblock.
  • DMAc (44.6 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (17 gms 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C.
  • Bisphenol A (11.7gms) and 4 , 4' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (14.3gms)
  • DCDPS 4' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
  • Anhydrous potassium carbonate (7.5 gms) was added to the flask.
  • the toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent .
  • the rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 2 of Example 1.
  • the homoblock obtained had GPC molecular weights of Mn 18,000, an Mw of 22,000 and an MWD of 1.22
  • Part 3 The preparation of the block copolymer.
  • the reaction mixtures of Part 1 (8 parts) and Part 2 (2 Part) were mixed together and the polymerization was conducted at 165°C.
  • the GPC molecular weight showed an Mw of 118,000 the reaction mass was quenched with DMAc (376gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 160°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping.
  • the reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (564gms, 600ml/mole) for a second time.
  • the polymer solution after dehydrated was passed through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm 2 nitrogen to remove any salts.
  • the filter reaction mass was concentrated to 70% solid content under vacuum. Block copolymer was finally recovered in pellet form after extruded on lab scale twin screw extruder.
  • a variety of homoblocks have been successfully prepared using one or more dihalo compounds and one or more dihydroxy compounds, some of which are listed below:
  • AROMATIC DIHALO COMPOUNDS AROMATIC DIHALO COMPOUNDS:
  • Dihalo diphenyl sulfones such as Dichloro diphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) or 4,4' Bis (4-chlorophenyl sulfonyl) biphenyl (CSB); Dihalodiphenyl ketones such as Dichlorodiphenyl ketone; Dihalodiphenyl ethers such as Dichlorodiphenyl ether;
  • Dihalodiphenyl methylenes such as Dichlorodiphenyl methylene,- Dihalodiphenoxy biphenyls such as Dichlorodiphenoxy biphenyl; Dihalodiphenyls such as Dichlorodiphenyl; Dihalodiphenyl biphenyl diethers such as Dichlorodiphenyl biphenyl diether; Dihalodiphenyl biphenyl disulfones such as Dichlorodiphenyl biphenyl disulfone; Dihalodiphenyl biphenyl diketones such as Dichlorodiphenyl biphenyl diketone; Dihalodiphenyl biphenyls such as Dichlorodiphenyl biphenyl and Methyl dihalodiphenyl sulfones such as Dimethyl dichlorodiphenyl sulfone or Tetramethyl dichlorodiphenyl sulfone.
  • DHDPS Dihydroxy diphenyl Sulfone

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Abstract

The present invention relates to processes for preparing block copolymers and the block copolymers prepared therefrom comprising at least two types of homoblock, all belonging to the polysulfone family, wherein each of the said homoblocks has an identical or different molecular weight of at least about 1000 and comprises at least 3% of the overall weight of the block copolymer, and wherein the block copolymer has a molecular weight of at least about 2000, the process steps comprising preparing each of the aforesaid homoblocks by reacting at least one aromatic diol or aromatic dialkoxide compound with at least one aromatic dihalo compound, one of which contains at least one sulfone group, in at least one aprotic solvent in the presence of at least one alkali, optionally in the presence of an azeotropic agent and then reacting the aforesaid homoblocks together in at least an aprotic solvent, optionally followed by end-capping said block copolymer. The invention also relates to the block copolymers themselves, which are useful for molding, extrusion and can also be used as compatibilizers for their high molecular weight homologues.

Description

AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF PREPARATION OF BLOCK COPOLYMERS AND THE BLOCK COPOLYMERS PREPARED THEREFROM
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to processes for preparing block copolymers in a family of polysulfones, i.e. polymers containing sulfone linkages, particularly Polysulfones (PSU) , Polyether Sulfones (PES) and polyphenylene sulfones (PPSU) , and to block copolymers prepared therefrom. Furthermore, the present invention relates to random and alternating multi- block copolymers, including di- and tri-blocks, and to processes of their preparation. These homoblocks may have varying molecular weights or may have similar molecular weights when present in block copolymers as compared to their original molecular weights. These block copolymers show essentially a single glass transition temperature (Tg) , good transparency and can be readily processed using traditional plastics processing techniques. They can be used directly for molding, extrusion and also as compatibilizers for their high molecular weight homologues .
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The family of polysulfone polymers is well known in the art and three types of polysulfone are available commercially viz. Polysulfone (PSU), Polyether Sulfone (PES) and Polyphenylene Sulfone (PPSU) . The commercially available Polysulfones (PSU, PPSU, PES) have good high temperature resistance and generally do not degrade or discolor at their processing temperatures of 350°C to 400°C. Additionally, they are transparent, light amber colored amorphous plastics with excellent mechanical and electrical properties, and good chemical and flame resistance. These Polysulfones are readily processible using common plastics processing techniques such as injection molding, compression molding, blow molding and extrusion. This makes them very versatile and useful plastics, having a myriad of applications in electronics, the electrical industry, medicine, general engineering, food processing and other industries . The Polysulfone PSU was discovered in early 1960 at Union Carbide (U.S. Patent No. 4,108,837, 1978). Since then, activity in improving the quality of PSU has remained strong and improvements in color, thermal stability, molecular weights and reduction in residual monomer and solvent are continuously sought .
While there are many similarities among PSU, PES, and PPSU as regards color, electrical properties, chemical resistance, flame resistance etc., there are also important differences. The foremost difference among these is the Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) . PSU has a Tg of 189°C, PES has a Tg of 225°C, while PPSU has a Tg of 222°C. Thus, PSU has a lower overall thermal resistance in terms of its dimensional stability compared to PPSU and especially PES, which has the highest thermal resistance. Besides this, PES also has a higher tensile strength (> 90 MPa) compared to PSU and PPSU (both 70-75 MPa) . On the other hand, PPSU, like polycarbonate (PC) , has an outstanding impact resistance, and its Izod notched impact strength is 670-700 J/m. Both PES and PSU have lower Izod notched impact strengths of only 50-55 J/m. Similarly, it is known in the art that articles made from PPSU can withstand >1000 sterilization cycles without crazing, while PSU based articles withstand about 80 cycles and PES based articles withstand only about 100 cycles. PSU, on the other hand, has the lightest color and can be more readily processed, while PPSU is darker and more difficult to process than either PSU or PES. Thus, a combination of PSU properties such as easy processibility and light color properties with PPSU properties such as high temperature and impact resistance would be desirable. Incorporating a proportion of PSU into PPSU may also bring down the overall cost. Although the physical blending of PPSU and PSU is one way of accomplishing this, it destroys one of the most important properties of the two homopolymers, namely their transparency. Similarly, a physical blend of PES and PSU is not only opaque, but also cannot be processed to give blends with desirable properties since they are very incompatible polymers.
Other polysulfone combinations, as discussed later, are also desirable as they give higher Tg's than that of PES, further boosting the high temperature resistance of these polymers by incorporating these units and making them more readily processible by incorporating PES, PSU or PPSU into their chain structures .
The unit chain structures of part of the family of polysulfones are given below:
PPSU: - -C6H4-S02-C6H4-0-C6H4-C6H4-0--
PSU: --C3H4-S02-C6H4-0-C6H4-C (CH3) 2-0-
PES: --C6H4-S02-C6H4-0--
The polysulfones shown above are prepared using one or more aromatic Dihalo compounds such as Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) or Dichlorodiphenyl disulfonylbiphenyl (CSB) , and one or more of aromatic di-hydroxy monomer such as Bisphenol A, Dihydroxy diphenylsulfone (DHDPS) , Biphenol, Dihydroxy diphenyl ether, Dihydroxy diphenyl methane, or their respective mono, di or tetra substituted Methyl derivatives, etc.
For PPSU, the di-hydroxy compound used is Biphenol (HO-
C6H4-C6H4-OH) , for PES it is DHDPS and for PSU, it is Bisphenol A (HO-C6H4-C (CH3) 2-C6H4-OH) , while DCDPS is used as the aromatic dihalo compound for all three of these commercially available polysulfones .
The use of more than one dihydroxy monomers is also known. For example, the polymer known as "PAS", polyaryl sulfone, manufactured by Amoco includes a small quantity of hydroquinone in addition to DCDPS and DHDPS. The third monomer is added at the start of the manufacturing process and so gets polymerized in a random sequence in the polymer chain.
Other random copolymers in the prior art have shown that a third monomer may be added in much larger quantities. Thus, GB Patent 4, 331, 798 (1982) and US patent 5, 326, 834 (1994) teach the preparation of terpolymers using 80-40 mole % of DHDPS and correspondingly 20-60 mole % of Biphenol with equivalent mole % of DCDPS. Since both patents teach that polymerization is to be started with the monomers themselves, it can be seen that the distribution of DHDPS and Biphenol in the final copolymer will be at random. Thus, one gets a random sequence such as: --ABAABBBAABAAABBABABBAAABB-- , where A and B are present in a random sequence and in variable amounts depending upon the initial concentrations of A and B or DHDPS and Biphenol. The DCDPS moiety will be present in between A-A, A-B & B-B groups, although not shown here. Similarly, European Patent No. 0,331,492 teaches the synthesis of random terpolymers of DCDPS and DHDPS/Biphenol or Bisphenol A/Biphenol . The synthesis starts with three monomers and gives random terpolymers (and not block copolymers) in which the sequence of A & B in the chains cannot be predicted.
The prior art shows that block copolymers have been prepared where only one of the blocks is polysulfone.
Hedtmann-Rein and Heinz (US Patent 5, 036, 146 -1991) teach the preparation of a block copolymer of PSU with a polyimide (PI) . In this case, a homoblock of an amine terminated polysulfone was prepared first. This was preformed using DCDPS, Bisphenol A and p-aminophenol to give a homoblock having a molecular weight in the range of 1500 to 20000. The homoblock produced was subsequently reacted with a tetracarboxylic acid, such as benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, and another diamine, such as 4,4'- diaminodiphenylmethane, to make a block copolymer of PSU-PI.
The copolymers were prepared in the melt phase at 350°C.
McGrath and coworkers (Polymer preprints, 25, 14, 1984) have prepared PSU-Polyterphthalate copolymers. This was done using DCDPS (0.141 mole) and a mixture of hydroquinone and biphenol (0.075 mole each) to give a homoblock in solution, and then reacting the homoblock with a terephthaloyl chloride and biphenol, using solution or interfacial techniques, to give a block copolymer.
McGrath et al (Polymer Preprints, 26, 275, 1985) have further described preparations using acetyl end capped PSU with p-acetoxy benzoic acid or biphenol diacetate/terephthalic acid to obtain block copolymers of PSU/Polyethers, the latter part being highly crystalline or even liquid crystalline polymers. The synthesis of the block copolymer was carried out as a melt or in the presence of diphenyl sulfone at 200 - 300°C. Block copolymer preparation was indicated by the fact that the product was not soluble in common organic solvents .
McGrath and coworkers (Polymer Preprints, 26, 277, 1985) have also developed block copolymers of PSU and PEEK using a hydroxy terminated oligomeric PSU homoblock and difluoro benzophenone alone or optionally adding hydroquinone and/or biphenol. The first method, rather than giving a block copolymer, gives PSU blocks joined by difluorobenzophenone . However, the second method has the possibility of producing both random and block structures in the copolymers of PSU and PEEK.
While the above investigations have prepared PSU block copolymers, it can be seen that most have opted for the combination of hydroxy terminated PSU with other monomers, which on polymerization give block copolymers. In this process, it is quite likely that the polymerizing monomers would give block sizes so varied that some of the PSU blocks may be joined by nothing more than a single monomer unit having a molecular weight of only 300 or less, and certainly <1000. Thus, the molecular weight of the second block will not be that of a PSU oligomer, which should ideally be >1000 to be called a block. Thus, depending on the concentration, it is likely that the second homoblock will be no more than a single or double monomer unit. Such a situation can be averted by preparing the two homoblocks separately and reacting them to give a block copolymer. Noshay and coworkers (J. Polymer Sci. A-l, 3147, 1971) have prepared block copolymers of amine terminated dimethyl Siloxanes and hydroxy terminated PSU. The hydroxy terminated PSU was prepared using a slight excess of Bisphenol A (0.495 mole) over DCDPS (0.450 mole). The -ONa groups were then converted to -OH groups using oxalic acid and the product was precipitated. The dried PSU powder was reacted with a separately prepared amine terminated polysiloxane in ether at 60°C. It may be noted that while PSU is plastic, Polysiloxane is elastomeric and hence the combination gives a block copolymer with thermoplastic elastomer like properties.
However, there has been no described method, nor synthesis carried out, whereby two Sulfone homoblocks have been used to form a block copolymer with thermoplastic properties .
The usual method of preparation of these polysulfones comprises the following:
An aprotic organic solvent selected from Sulfolane, N- methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) , Dimethyl Acetamide (DMAc) , Diphenyl sulfone, Dimethyl sulfone or Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) , usually distilled over an alkali, is placed in the reactor. DCDPS or a similar dihalo monomer and the second dihydroxy monomer (Bisphenol A or Biphenol, etc.), generally in a molar proportion of 1.00:1.00, are added to this reactor along with sodium or potassium carbonate. Toluene or monochlorobenzene (MCB) is added to facilitate dehydration. The temperature of the mixture is then slowly increased to from 140°C to 170°C depending on the solvent utilized, whereupon the alkaline carbonate reacts with the phenol to give a salt and liberate water. The water gets distilled off, which is facilitated by toluene or MCB, if present. The reaction mixture after water removal is then heated to a temperature in the range of 170°C to 230°C, depending on the solvent, alkali and the dihydroxy monomer used, until the desired viscosity or molecular weight is attained. Thereafter, the growing chains are end-capped with MeCl and the reaction mass is filtered to remove salt. The polymer chains are then precipitated in water or MeOH, further treated to remove the residual solvent, and dried. Alternately, the solvent may be removed by flash evaporation and the reaction mass passed directly through a devolatizing extruder to remove residual solvent and for polymer granulation. Adding more than one hydroxy monomer to the above leads to ter-copolymers with three, instead of two, monomer units incorporated randomly in the chains .
It is desirable that a method of block copolymer formation is evolved whereby two plastics, both of which are sulfone-based oligomers, are connected to form a single chain as a block copolymer. As noted earlier, block copolymers comprising two or more different polysulfones are not known in the art, and there is apparently no recognition of any potential benefits of such block copolymers.
In general, as is known in art, three requirements need to be met for the successful formation of block copolymers from homoblocks : i) The two homoblocks should have end groups that react with each other, i.e. - OH & -CNO. ii) Each homoblock should have identical end groups i.e. -OH or -CNO. iii) The two homoblocks should be mixed in exact stoichiometric proportions in order to obtain high molecular weights.
The present invention discloses a process of preparing block copolymers using two or more different polysulfones homoblocks and avoids the strict requirement that the individual homoblocks must have the same end groups . Similarly, it is not necessary for the two or more homoblocks used to be in equivalent stoichiometric proportions for high molecular weight block copolymer formation. The freedom resulting from the relaxation of these restrictions gives rise to advantages that will be described later.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to processes for preparing block copolymers comprising at least two types of homoblock, all belonging to the polysulfone family, wherein each of the said homoblocks has an identical or different molecular weight of at least 1000 and comprises at least 3% of the overall weight of the block copolymer, and wherein the block copolymer has a molecular weight of at least 2000 and the processes comprising the steps of: (a) preparing each of the aforesaid homoblocks by reacting at least one aromatic diol or aromatic dialkoxide compound with at least one aromatic dihalo compound, one of which contains at least one sulfone group, in the presence of at least one alkali, optionally in at least one solvent and further optionally in the presence of an azeotropic agent, (b) reacting the aforesaid homoblocks together optionally in at least one solvent, optionally followed by end-capping said block copolymer, and (c) recovering the block copolymer.
The present invention also relates to the block copolymers prepared using the aforesaid process . The present invention describes the preparation of block copolymers of various types of polysulfones. These novel block copolymers are prepared using a technique whereby lower molecular weight homoblocks are first separately prepared and then mixed in different proportions and reacted further to give high molecular weight block copolymers . It becomes possible, using this technique, to ensure the formation of the block structures, as well as their sequences and the block molecular weights. Besides segmented multi-blocks copolymers, even high molecular weight di-blocks or tri- blocks as well as multi-blocks with known block molecular weights are feasible using this method. Block copolymers thus prepared find usage as novel polysulfone plastics, and also as compatibilizers.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In general, two possible chain end structures exist on a polymeric chain of a homoblock of a polysulfone. These end groups are -CI, emanating from a dihalo, (DCDPS) moiety and - OH emanating from the Phenolic monomer. A mixture of the both end groups is possible for a given polymeric chain.
For block copolymers one expects, based on prior art, that the first homoblock should have two -Cl end groups per chain and the second homoblock should have two -OH end groups per chain. Mixing and reacting them in a 1:1 ratio would then yield a high molecular weight block copolymer. However, since it is possible to have -Cl or -OH mixed end groups on both the homoblocks, the present invention shows that it is possible to do away with the stringent requirement stated earlier that each homoblock should have identical end groups and the two homoblocks must be mixed in a 1:1 ratio. Polysulfones usually have some -Cl and some -OH end groups. The concentration of each is decided by two important factors: firstly the initial molar ratio of DCDPS to Phenolic monomer and secondly the molecular weight of the polymer, if the molar ratio is not strictly 1:1, that is allowed to build up. The ratio of the two monomers is a very important factor because, in order to build a very high molecular weight, the ratio must be kept closer to 1:1 on a molar basis. Usually, no monomer should be present in a concentration of more than approximately 1-2 mole % higher than the other monomer. Thus, the mole ratio generally remains within the range 1.02:1.00 to 1.00:1.02 to get high molecular weights. An increase in the concentration of any one monomer to a value outside of this range generally results in a disturbance in stoichiometry to such a substantial extent that the molecular weight of the copolymer does not get built up enough and most polymeric properties suffer, as they do not reach optimum values. However, for the preparation for oligomeric homoblocks, such a stringent stoichiometry is not necessary since high molecular weight build up is not required. Thus, for homoblock preparation, a monomer ratio as high as 1.15:1.00 has been employed successfully in the present invention. The monomer ratio range, as homoblocks, has thus been increased from 1.02:1.00 to 1.15:1.00, without sacrificing the ultimate molecular weights of the block copolymer.
The present invention relates to novel polysulfone block copolymer structures and the novel process by which their preparation takes place. In particular, this invention relates to the preparation of new types of block copolymers made using PSU, PES and PPSU and similar polysulfones and the novel methods of their preparation. An example of a similar polysulfone is PSS, polyether ether sulfone sulfone. The block copolymers may be made using at least two different types of polysulfones and may be made using more than two types of polysulfones. The process of the present invention involves the preparation of novel block copolymers of the polysulfone family using solution or melt polymerization techniques. These block copolymers are prepared using lower molecular weight, oligomeric homoblocks of, for example, Polyphenylene Sulfone (PPSU) and Polysulfone (PSU) . Other useful homoblocks include PES and Polyether ether sulfone sulfone (PEESS) . In this application the abbreviation PSSD is used to refer to a PEESS made using DHDPS and CSB as the monomers and the abbreviation PSSB is used to refer to a PEESS made using Biphenol and CSB as the monomers. The invention consists not only of novel block copolymers using the above mentioned homoblocks, but also of the process used for preparation of these novel block copolymers .
A major novel and unexpected aspect of the process of the present invention is that it can do away with the stringent requirements that the a given homoblock should have only one type of end group and that the stoichiometry between the homoblocks used must be 1:1. Thus, the process of the present invention makes it possible to prepare high molecular weight block copolymers without having identical end groups on each homoblock and without the stoichiometry being closely controlled. The present invention therefore greatly simplifies the formation of block copolymers. Also, a broader range of block copolymer structures can be readily made using the same homoblocks compared to the earlier methods of segmented block copolymer preparation. Of course, using homoblocks with identical end groups in exact stoichiometric proportions does not harm the process in any way, but these are no longer preconditions for the build up of high molecular weight block copolymers.
This process means that, by controlling the end groups of the homoblocks, block copolymers in which the two homoblocks have a variety of molecular weights can be prepared. The block copolymer can also have a large range of molecular weights and ratios of one homoblock to the other, which was not easy or even not possible in other type of block copolymers discussed earlier.
The novel block copolymers are made by first using initially separately prepared lower molecular weight homoblocks with reactive chain end groups. By the term "homoblock" , it is meant that each block has either a PSU, PPSU or PES or some such polysulfone structure and different homoblocks have structures differing from each other. The two homoblocks are separately prepared and are arranged to have two end groups which in turn are either the same or different. It is important to realize as taught by this invention that there should be, nevertheless, a near stoichiometric balance of the two differing end groups, in this case say -Cl and -OH. What is important is that both end groups are allowed to be present on both the homoblocks. The different ways of preparing homoblocks are as follows : The first set of homoblocks are prepared with predominantly halogen end groups, such as -F, -Cl, -Br and - I . The second set of homoblocks are prepared with predominantly the second type of end group, which is capable of reacting with a halogen end group, such as -OH (which may be present as an alkoxide such as -OK, -ONa, or -OLi) . This is done by taking large molar excess of dihalo monomer as compared to the dihydroxy monomer in the first case and reversing this ratio in the second. In general, when the lower molecular weight homoblock having predominantly one type of end group is reacted with another homoblock having predominantly the second type of end group, block copolymers having high molecular weights are obtained. Thus, for example, reacting low molecular weight PPSU homoblock having predominantly -OH end groups with low molecular weight PSU homoblock having predominantly -Cl end groups gives novel block copolymers with [PPSU - PSU] z in the block copolymer sequence. When one homoblock has predominantly all the same end groups (-C1 for example) and is reacted with a second homoblock having predominantly all of a second type of end groups (-0H for example) , the block copolymer obtained has blocks of similar molecular weights to the homoblocks. The present invention makes it possible for the molecular weights of the homoblocks inside the block copolymer to be nearly same as the molecular weights of the homoblocks used to prepare it .
It is also possible to prepare, according to this invention, block copolymers where the homoblock of PPSU has halogen end groups and the PSU homoblock has phenolic -OH end groups, as well as the reverse case where PPSU has the hydroxy end groups and PSU has the halogen end groups . As shown by this invention, the end groups may be interchangeable for a given homoblock. Where each homoblocks has identical end groups (-C1 and -OH for example) , it is important to have them in stoichiometric proportions. When synthesising alternating block copolymers, it is important to ensure that one homoblock has predominantly hydroxyl or alkoxide end groups and the other homoblock has predominantly halogen end groups, as is the case when synthesising di-block and tri-block copolymers.
It is, however, possible according to this invention for both homoblocks to have both end groups and still be used for making high molecular weight block copolymers. This can be done by taking both monomers in near equal molar ratio. In such cases, the end groups will be halogen and hydroxy, irrespective of molecular weights. Thus, using the above example, it is possible to make PPSU and PSU homoblocks both having -Cl and -OH end groups and to react them together to form block copolymers of a desired molecular weight. In such cases, the block copolymers formed may have blocks having in- chain molecular weights that are similar or higher than the molecular weights of the parent homoblocks.
This invention also teaches that besides being able to form a random homoblock sequence in the block copolymer thus prepared, one can also make di- and tri-block copolymers by adjusting the molecular weights of the homoblocks and the stoichiometry of the two homoblocks reacted to form the block copolymers .
The invention therefore teaches the preparation of di- block, tri-block as well as segmented multi-block copolymers where the homoblocks may alternate or be present in a random sequence .
The important point regarding the formation of the alternating or random block copolymers of the present invention is that the halogen and hydroxyl/alkoxide end groups of the homoblocks are present in approximately the same stoichiometric proportions overall, i.e. when considering all the homoblocks together. Preferably the proportions of the halogen and hydroxyl/alkoxide end groups should be within +/- 7% of each other, more preferably +/- 5% and most preferably +/- 3%. Whether all the hydroxyl/alkoxide groups are on one homoblock and all the halogen groups on the other homoblock, as in the case of alternating block copolymers, or both types of end group are present on both homoblocks, as in the case of random block copolymers, is not important.
If the molecular weights of the homoblocks are kept low enough and the end groups are carefully controlled, this invention makes it possible to build high molecular weight copolymers having essentially alternate homoblock structures in the chains. In such block copolymers all the blocks will have similar molecular weights to those of the two initial homoblocks. If the molecular weights of the homoblocks are kept high, then one can build di- and tri-block copolymers of relatively high molecular weights.
Another important part of this invention as given above is that z, the degree of block copolymerization, can be varied from as low as 1 (for a di- block) to as high as 100 or higher for an alternate or random multi block copolymer. Another important part of this invention is that special tri-block copolymers can also be prepared by using judicious control of the molecular weight, stoichiometry and end groups of the homoblocks .
The novel aspect of this invention is the recognition that by varying the stoichiometry of the basic monomers that are used for the preparation of homoblocks, particularly when they are of lower molecular weights, one can make these homoblocks with predominantly known end groups. Thus using one monomer, say, DCDPS in an excess of, say, 3 mole % over Biphenol i.e. a molar stoichiometry of >1.03: 1.00, one obtains PPSU with essentially only -Cl as end groups. This is due to the fact that higher concentrations of DCDPS lead to essentially complete reaction of all of the -OH groups present on Biphenol, thereby limiting the molecular weight build up but providing essentially only -Cl end groups for the homoblock of PPSU. Similarly, when Bisphenol A is used at higher concentration in PSU production, one gets essentially all end groups as -OH, as its Na or K salt. PSU, having essentially these phenolic groups, will not react with itself to give higher molecular weights PSU. Similarly, PPSU with - Cl end groups also cannot react with itself to give higher molecular weight PPSU. Under such conditions, the molecular weight does not increase further, indicating that the chains with the other end groups have all reacted.
However, when a homoblock of PPSU with essentially all - Cl end groups is mixed with a homoblock of PSU with essentially all -OK end groups, further polymerization occurs and a PSU-PPSU block is generated. Allowing this reaction to proceed further results in block copolymer formation with a structure of the type [PSU-PPSU-] z, where z is greater than or equal to 1, and is dependant on the molecular weights of homoblocks, the stoichiometry and the molecular weight that is allowed to be built up. One important aspect of this invention is deliberate use of higher ratios of the two monomers for the preparation of homoblocks to give essentially one type of end groups. The ratio may be 1.03 - 1.15:1.00, that is having 3 to 15 mole % higher quantity of one monomer over the second monomer.
Another important aspect of this invention is that the homoblocks can also be conveniently prepared using near equal stoichiometry of the two base monomers, keeping the molecular weights of the homoblocks as desired and, by mixing, preparing high molecular weight block copolymers of the desired composition.
The important aspect of this invention is therefore the preparation of lower molecular weight homoblocks with known end groups and their mixing in the right proportions to yield random block copolymers of higher molecular weights.
A further novel and important aspect of this invention is the preparation of multi-block copolymers, particularly di- and tri-block copolymers. These di- and tri-block copolymers are also materials of a novel composition. For this preparation, it is again recognized that homoblocks can be prepared with different molecular weights and essentially known end groups. In general, by recognizing that controlling the molecular weights of the homoblocks and the block copolymers can give good control of the number of homoblocks present in the block copolymer, one can stop the reaction at di or tri block stage. Polysulfones of sufficiently high molecular weight or inherent viscosity, (Inh.V.) are required to give optimum mechanical and other polymer properties. It is therefore possible to build homoblocks of the required molecular weight range. Thus, PPSU of a number average molecular weight (Mn) of say 50000 with -Cl end groups and PSU of say similar molecular weight with -OK end groups, when mixed and reacted in a proportion of 1:1 on a molar basis will give almost double the molecular weight, giving a di- block. The molecular weight can be controlled on-line using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) .
If di-blocks are allowed to react -further to give still higher molecular weight, we get a tri- and tetra-block and so on. Thus, di-blocks of the structure - [-PSU-PPSU-] - will further react to give tri-blocks of the structure - [-PSU- PPSU-PSU-]- and - [PPSU-PSU-PPSU-] - and which, on further reaction, will yield tetra-blocks and higher multi-blocks.
Thus, by controlling the molecular weight, stoichiometry and end groups of a given homoblock, this invention makes it possible to prepare di-block, tri-block and multi-block copolymers of PSU and PPSU.
This invention further makes it possible to prepare a tri-block using three different types of homoblock as follows. First a di-block is prepared using two homoblocks, where the two end groups present on one homoblock are the same and similarly the second homoblock has two identical end groups on its chains, but different to those on the first homoblock. This di-block is reacted with a third homoblock having two end groups similar to either the first or the second homoblock to give a tri-block. Higher multiple block copolymers can be prepared by logical extension of these methods .
The block polymers thus produced may be checked for GPC molecular weight, Inh. V., DSC, Tg, MFI , etc. for quality control . The block copolymers may be used as powder for compounding and subsequently for granulation or may be added as compatibilizers for separately manufactured high molecular weight homologue polysulfones.
The present invention seeks to achieve the following:
• to provide novel block copolymers comprising two or more different polysulfone homoblocks, with controlled structures of di-blocks, tri-blocks and multi-blocks.
• to use these homoblocks of polysulfones having low molecular weight and controlled chain end groups to prepare high molecular weight block copolymers.
• to prepare high molecular weight di-block and tri-block copolymers using the homoblocks of lower molecular weight and reactive chain ends.
• to prepare two types of homoblocks, each essentially having either only halogen end groups or hydroxy end groups, and thus giving a multi-block copolymer on reaction between the two, the block molecular weight being similar to the initial homoblock molecular weight.
• to prepare block copolymers of two polysulfones, where the ratio of the two homoblocks is in the range 95:5 to 5:95.
• to prepare block copolymers from two or more homoblocks of polysulfones, the block copolymers being transparent and showing a single intermediate Tg. • to prepare block copolymers that are thermally stable and processible in the temperature range of 350°C to 400°C, using traditional injection molding, extrusion or other acceptable plastics processing methods.
• to provide a process by which homoblocks of polysulfones of known molecular weights and controlled end groups are prepared.
• to provide a process for the preparation of low molecular weight controlled chain end homoblocks and another process for the preparation of high molecular weight block copolymers having di /tri/multi-block in-chain structures. According to this invention there is provided a process that allows one to prepare low molecular weight, controlled chain-end homoblocks and utilize these homoblocks to prepare di-, tri-, and multi-block copolymers of high molecular weight .
The invention preferably uses Sulfolane, NMP, DMAc, DMSO, DMS02, Diphenyl sulfone or any other aprotic organic solvent, or a mixture thereof, for the preparation of low molecular weight homoblocks and the high molecular weight block copolymers thereof .
Preferably MCB or Toluene or any other non-reacting solvent is used as a diluent and dehydrating agent for the salt formation, dehydration and polymerization steps. Any azeotropic non-reacting solvent may also be used.
According to the invention, and from a practical manufacturing point of view, each homoblock should have a molecular weight of at least 1000 and each should comprise at least 3% of the overall weight of the block copolymer. The block copolymer formed should have a molecular weight of at least 2000. However, it certain cases the formation of homoblocks and/or block copolymers with lower molecular weights may be useful. Preferably, the homoblock has a molecular weight of 2000 to 150000, and more preferably 15000 to 50000. Preferably, the block copolymer has a molecular weight of 5000 to 150000, and more preferably 30000 to 150000.
It is preferred that each of the homoblocks comprise at least 5% of the overall weight of the block copolymer, more preferably at least 10% of the overall weight, even more preferably at least 25% of the overall weight and most preferably at least 40% of the overall weight.
Preferably the process uses the above mentioned solvents in the temperature range of 120°C to 250°C, more preferably 160°C to 250°C, and with alkali such as NaOH, KOH, or another metal hydroxide, NaHC03, KHC03, or another metal hydrogen carbonate, Na2C03 or K2C03, or another metal carbonate either by themselves or in a combination of these or any other such suitable alkaline substances. According to this invention there is provided a process of producing novel homoblocks and multi-block copolymers, using an aprotic organic solvent or solvents in the temperature range of 120°C-250°C and then optionally end capping with MeCl or any suitable end capping agent. The process includes the preferred steps of filtration of the salt and precipitation of the block copolymer from the reaction mixture in a non-solvent like H20 or MeOH or a mixture of the two, and then giving further water/or MeOH treatments to remove by-product salt, unreacted alkali and optionally the solvent, and subsequently drying the polymeric powder.
It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that by following the methods of the present invention it is possible to form both ordered and random block copolymers .
The block copolymers of the present invention show the properties desired by those skilled in the art both in terms of transparency and ease of processing. The formation of copolymers rather than simple mixtures of the two homopolymers is shown by the single glass transition temperatures obtained. As a result of these properties the block copolymers can be used directly for molding, extrusion and as compatibilizers for their high molecular weight homologues .
The present invention will now be described with reference to the following examples. The specific examples illustrating the invention should not be construed to limit the scope thereof .
EXAMPLES :
EXAMPLE 1: A block-copolymer of 50:50 PPSU:PSU (B-0)
The following three part procedure was used to prepare this PPSU - PSU block copolymer.
Part 1: The preparation of the PPSU homoblock:
A 4-necked, 3-litre glass flask was equipped with an overhead stirrer attached to a stainless steel paddle through its center neck. Through one of its side necks, a Cloisonne adapter was attached. The other neck of the Cloisonne adapter was attached to a Dean-Stark trap and a water-cooled condenser. A thermocouple thermometer was inserted through another of the side necks. A nitrogen gas inlet was inserted through the other side neck. The flask was placed in an oil bath, which was connected to a temperature controller.
Dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) (873gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (344gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask and heated to 45°C. Biphenol (186gms) and 4, 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (307 g s) were added to the flask, the DCDPS and biphenol being in a molar ratio of 1.07:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (152 gms) and sodium carbonate (21gms) were added to the flask. A nitrogen atmosphere was maintained in the flask by purging. The temperature of the reactants was slowly increased to 165°C over 9 hours and the stirring speed set to 400rpm. The water formed due to the reaction of K2C03 with biphenol was distilled over as an azeotrope with toluene and collected in the Dean-Stark trap. The toluene was then returned to the reaction mixture once it had been separated from the water. Once the water had been completely removed, toluene addition back to reaction vessel was stopped. The toluene was then removed completely from the reaction mixture as the temperature of the reactants increased. The desired temperature was reached after 9 hours. The reaction temperature was then maintained at 165°C and when the viscosity started to increase the stirring speed was raised to 500 rpm. Once the viscosity increase slowed, a sample was taken out to check the molecular weight. The GPC Mn achieved was about 32,000, with a Mw of 43,000 and a MWD of 1.34. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool in preparation for its reaction with the product of part 2. The relatively high molar ratio of DCDPS to Biphenol gave PPSU of a relatively low molecular weight and with predominantly end groups of - Ph-Cl.
Part 2: The preparation of the PSU homoblock.
DMAc (873gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Bisphenol A (244gms) and 4,4' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (287 gms) were added to the flask, the Bisphenol A and DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.07:1.00, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (170gms) was added. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent. The temperature of the reactants was slowly increased to 165°C over 9 hours and the stirring speed was set to 400 rpm. The water formed due to the reaction was distilled over as an azeotrope with toluene and collected in the Dean-Stark trap. The toluene was then returned to the reaction mixture once it had been separated from the water. Once the water had been completely removed, toluene addition back to the reaction vessel was stopped. The toluene was then removed completely from the reaction mixture as the temperature of the reactants increased. The desired temperature was reached after 9 hours. The reaction temperature was then maintained at 165°C and when the viscosity started to increase the stirring speed was raised to 500 rpm. At the required Mn of 17,000, MW of about 26,000 and MWD 1.5 the viscosity of the reaction mixture remained almost constant, indicating the end of the polymerization reaction.
Part 3: The preparation of the block copolymer.
The reaction mixtures of Part 1 and Part 2 were mixed in equal proportions by weight and the block polymerization was conducted at 165°C. After the required MW was achieved, as shown by GPC, the reaction mixture was quenched with DMAc (376gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 160°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (600ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution was filtered through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm2 of nitrogen to remove any salts. The block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The precipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was ground and refluxed three times with de-ionized water at 90°C to completely remove all salts and DMAc. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fischer titration was < 0.5%.
GPC analysis of the block copolymer showed an Mn of 94,000, an Mw of 135,000 and an MWD of 1.44 based on the polystyrene standards . Thus, the copolymer produced had a significantly higher molecular weight than the two homoblocks used as monomer units, indicating the preparation of a block copolymer. The block copolymer powder was then mixed with 0.3% heat stabilizer and 0.2% Ca stearate and granulated using a twin screw extruder. The Tg and the specific gravity of PSU are 189°C and 1.235 respectively, whilst those of PPSU are 222°C and 1.290. The transparent granules of block copolymer showed a DSC Tg of 206°C and a specific gravity of 1.260. The transparency of the granules, the single GPC peak, the intermediate Tg and the specific gravity of the product clearly indicate that a block-copolymer of PSU and PPSU had indeed been formed and that the product was not simply a blend of the two homopolymers, PSU and PPSU. The remaining properties and also those of the blends are given in Table 1.
EXAMPLE 2: A block-copolymer of 75:25 PPSU:PSU (B-l)
An experimental set up similar to that described in Example 1 was used.
Part 1: The preparation of the PPSU homoblock.
DMAc (2679 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (1032gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Biphenol (558 gms) and 4 , 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (921 gms) were added to the flask, the DCDPS and biphenol being in a molar ratio of 1.07:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (455gms) and sodium carbonate (64gms) were added to the flask. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent .
The rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 16,000, an Mw of 25,000 and an MWD of 1.52.
Part 2: The preparation of the PSU homoblock.
Dimethyl Acetamide (DMAc) (893gms, 950ml/mole) and Toluene (344gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Bisphenol A (244Gms) and 4,4'- dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (287 gms) were added to the flask, the Bisphenol A and DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.07:1.00, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (170 gms) was added to the flask. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent.
The rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 2 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 14,000, an Mw of 21,000 and an MWD of 1.49.
Part 3: The preparation of the block copolymer.
The reaction mixtures of Part 1 (3 parts) and Part 2 (1 Part) were mixed together and the block polymerization was conducted at 165°C. After the required GPC MW was achieved, the reaction mixture was quenched with DMAc (344gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 160°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (600ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution was passed through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm2 nitrogen to remove any salts. The block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The precipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was treated three times with refluxing de-ionized water at 90°C. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fisher titration was < 0.5%. GPC analysis of the block copolymer showed an Mn of 83,000, an Mw of 119,000 and an MWD of 1.44 based on the polystyrene standards . The block copolymer was then granulated as in Example 1 and its properties were measured. These were a Tg of 210°C and a specific gravity of 1.27. This data, and the product being obtained as clear transparent granules, indicated that PPSU and PSU were present as a block copolymer and not simply as a blend of the two homopolymers . The remaining properties and also those of the blend of similar proportions are given in Table 1.
EXAMPLE 3: A block copolymer of 25:75 PPSU:PSU (B 2)
An experimental set up similar to that described in Example 1 was used.
Part 1: The preparation of the PPSU homoblock.
DMAc (893 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (344gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Biphenol (199gms) and DCDPS (287 gms) were added to the flask, the
DCDPS and biphenol being in a molar ratio of 1.00:1.07, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (162 gms, 1. lOmole/mole) and sodium carbonate (23gms) were then added to the flask.
The rest of the procedure is same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 17,000, an Mw of 30,000 and an MWD of 1.70 based on the polystyrene standards.
Part 2: The preparation of the PSU homoblock. DMAc (2679 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (1032gms
400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Bisphenol A (226ms) and DCDPS (921 gms) were added to the flask, the
Bisphenol A and DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.00:1.07, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (486 gms) was then added to the flask. The rest of the procedure is same as that described in Part 2 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 14,000, an Mw of 21,000 and an MWD of 1.49 based on the polystyrene standards.
Part 3: The preparation of the block copolymer.
The reaction mixtures of Part 1 (1 part) and Part 2 (3 parts) were mixed together and the block polymerization was conducted at 165°C. After the required GPC MW was achieved, the reaction mixture was quenched and the copolymer worked up as in Example 1.
GPC analysis of the copolymer showed an Mn of 79,000, an Mw of 114,000 and an MWD of 1.44. The block copolymer powder was then extruded and granulated as per the procedure given in Example 1. The DSC Tg of the copolymer was 195°C and the specific gravity was 1.24. This data, and the product being obtained as light amber colored transparent granules, indicated that the polymer obtained was indeed a block copolymer and not simply a blend of PPSU and PSU. The remaining properties and also those of the blends are given in Table 1.
EXAMPLE 4: A copolymer of 90:10 PPSU:PSU (B 3)
An experimental set up similar to that described in Example 1 was used.
Part 1: The preparation of the PPSU homoblock. DMAc (3215 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (1238gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Biphenol (670 gms) and 4, 4' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (1075 gms) , were added to the flask, the DCDPS and biphenol being in a molar ratio of 1.04:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (546gms) and sodium carbonate (76gms) were added to the flask. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent.
The rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 22,000, an Mw of 26,000 and an MWD of 1.16.
Part 2: The preparation of the PSU homoblock.
DMAc (357 gms, 950ml/mole) and Toluene (138gms 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Bisphenol A (96gms) and DCDPS (115 gms) were added to the flask, the
Bisphenol A and DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.05:1.00, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (64 gms) was added to the flask. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent. The reaction vessel was evacuated using a vacuum pump and filled with nitrogen. The rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 2 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 18,000, an Mw of 29,000 and an MWD of 1.62 Part 3: The preparation of the block copolymer.
The reaction mixtures of Part 1 (9 parts) and Part 2 (1 Part) were mixed together and the block polymerization conducted at 165°C. After the required GPC MW was achieved, the reaction mixture was quenched with DMAc (376gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 160°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (564gms, 600ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution was passed through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm2 nitrogen to remove any salts. The block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The precipitated polymer was recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was treated three times with refluxing de-ionized water at 90°C. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fisher titration was < 0.5%.
GPC analysis of the copolymer showed an Mn of 80,000, an Mw of 110,000 and an MWD of 1.36 based on polystyrene standards . The block copolymer was then granulated as in Example 1 and its properties were measured. These were a Tg of 215°C and a specific gravity of 1.28. This data, and the product being obtained as clear transparent granules, indicated that PPSU and PSU were indeed present as a block copolymer and not just as a blend of the two homopolymers. The remaining properties and also those of the blends are given in Table 1. EXAMPLE 5 : Physical Blends of PPSU and PSU (COMPARATIVE 1, 2 & 3) :
In order to study the properties of the physical blending of PPSU and PSU dry blending of the powders was carried out in the following proportions, followed by extrusion on ZE25 twin screw extruder and evaluation (Table
1) • Cl : PPSU powder (50%) + PSU powder (50%) C2 : PPSU powder (75%) + PSU Powder (25%) C3 : PPSU powder (25%) + PSU powder (75%)
The PPSU used was the commercially available GAFONE -P 4300 grade and the PSU used was the commercially available GAFONE -S PSU 1300, both from Gharda Chemicals Ltd. India.
EXAMPLE 6: Copolymer of 90:10 of PPSU-PSU (B 4)
An experimental set up similar to that described in Example 1 was used.
Part 1: The preparation of the PPSU homoblock. DMAc (8037 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (3096gms,
400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Biphenol (1674 gms) and 4 , 4' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (2635 gms) , were added to the flask, the DCDPS and biphenol being in a molar ratio of 1.02:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (1366gms) and anhydrous sodium carbonate (191gms) were added to the flask. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent . The rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 17,000, an Mw of 26,000 and an MWD of 1.54.
Part 2: The preparation of the PSU homoblock.
DMAc (893 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (344gms 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Bisphenol A (239gms) and , 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (287 gms) were added to the flask, the Bisphenol A and DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.05:1.00, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (167 gms) was added to the flask. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent .
The rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 2 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 10,000, an Mw of 15,000 and an MWD of 1.50
Part 3: The preparation of the block copolymer. The reaction mixtures of Part 1 (9 parts) and Part 2 (1 Part) were mixed together and the block polymerization was conducted at 165°C. After the required GPC MW was achieved, the reaction mixture was quenched with DMAc (376gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 160°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (564gms, 600ml/mole) for the second time. The polymer solution was passed through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm2 nitrogen to remove any salts. The block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The precipitated polymer was recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was treated three times with refluxing de-ionized water at 90°C. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C, until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fisher titration was < 0.5%.
GPC analysis of the block copolymer showed an Mn of 80,000, an Mw of 115,000 and an MWD of 1.44 based on polystyrene standards . The block copolymer was then granulated as in Example 1 and its properties were measured. These were a Tg of 216°C and a specific gravity of 1.28. This data, and the product being obtained as clear transparent granules, indicated that PPSU and PSU were indeed present as a block copolymer and not simply as a blend of the two homopolymers. The remaining properties and also those of the blends are given in Table 2.
EXAMPLE 7: A block copolymer of 90:10 PPSU:PSU (B 5)
An experimental set up similar to that described in Example 1 was used.
Part 1: The preparation of the PPSU homoblock.
DMAc (8037 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (3096gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Biphenol (1674 gms) and 4 , 4' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (2816 gms) were added to the flask, the DCDPS and biphenol being in a molar ratio of 1.09:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (1366gms) and anhydrous sodium carbonate (191gms) were added to the flask. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent. The rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had GPC molecular weights of Mn 42,000, an Mw of 55,000 and an MWD of 1.31.
Part 2: Preparation of the PSU Homoblock.
DMAc (893 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (344gms 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Bisphenol A (244gms) and 4 , 4' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (287 gms), were added to the flask, the Bisphenol A and DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.07:1.00, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (170 gms) was added to the flask. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent .
The rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 2 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had GPC molecular weights of Mn 18,000, an Mw of 24,000 and an MWD of 1.34.
Part 3: The preparation of the block copolymer.
The reaction mixtures of Part 1 (9 parts) and Part 2 (1 Part) were mixed together and the block polymerization was conducted at 165°C. An insufficient viscosity rise took place during the polymerization. The GPC analysis showed an Mn of 48,000, an Mw of 67,000 and an MWD of 1.39, so an extra 0.04mole/mole of biphenol was added and the polymerization was continued. After the required GPC MW was achieved, the reaction mixture was quenched with DMAc (376gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 160°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (564gms, 600ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution was passed through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm2 nitrogen to remove any salts. The block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The precipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was treated three times with refluxing de-ionized water at 90°C. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fisher titration was < 0.5%.
GPC analysis of the copolymer showed an Mn of 93,000, an Mw of 132,000 and an MWD of 1.41 based on polystyrene standards. The block copolymer was then granulated as in Example 1 and its properties were measured. These were a Tg of 219°C and a specific gravity of 1.28. This data, and the product being obtained as clear transparent granules, indicated that PPSU and PSU were indeed present as a block copolymer and not simply as a blend of the two homopolymers. The remaining properties and also those of the blends are given in Table 2.
EXAMPLE 8: A block copolymer of 80:20 PPSU:PSU (B 6)
An experimental set up similar to that described in Example 1 was used.
Part 1: The preparation of the PPSU homoblock. DMAc (7144 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (2752gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Biphenol ( 1488 gms ) and 4, 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (2503 gms) were added to the flask, the DCDPS and biphenol being in a molar ratio of 1.09:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (1215gms) and anhydrous sodium carbonate (170gms) were added to the flask. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent .
The rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had GPC molecular weights of Mn 42,000, an Mw of 53,000 and an MWD of 1.25.
Part 2: The preparation of the PSU homoblock.
DMAc (1786 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (688gms 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Bisphenol A (524gms) and 4 , 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (574gms) , were added to the flask, the Bisphenol A and DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.15:1.00, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (365 gms) was added to the flask. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent .
The rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 2 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had GPC molecular weights of Mn 17,000, an Mw of 23,000 and an MWD of 1.33
Part 3: The preparation of the block copolymer. The reaction mixtures of Part 1 (8 parts) and Part 2 (2 Part) were mixed together and the polymerization was conducted at 165°C. When the GPC molecular weight showed an Mw of 94,000. The reaction mass was quenched with DMAc (376gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 160°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (564gms, 600ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution was passed through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm2 nitrogen to remove any salts. The block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt- free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The precipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was treated three times with refluxing de-ionized water at 90°C. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fisher titration was < 0.5%.
GPC analysis of the copolymer showed an Mn of 68,000, an Mw of 96,000 and an MWD of 1.40 based on Polystyrene standards . The block copolymer was then granulated as in Example 1 and its properties were measured. These were a Tg of 210°C and a specific gravity of 1.27. This data, and the product being obtained as clear transparent granules, indicated that PPSU and PSU were indeed present as a block copolymer and not simply as a blend of the two homopolymers . The remaining properties and also those of the blends are given in Table 2. EXAMPLE 9: The solubility of a block copolymer of 90:10 PPSU: PSU
Polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) is insoluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 65°C, whereas polyether sulfone (PSU) is soluble. The 90:10 PPSU: PSU block copolymer was only 0.64% soluble in THF, clearly indicating its block structure.
The other block copolymers of PPSU-PSU (B-0, B-l and B-2) were also soluble in THF.
EXAMPLE 10 : The hydrolytic stability of a block copolymer
Samples of the PPSU-PSU block copolymer from Example No. 6 were kept in boiling water at 100°C for 7 days. The tensile properties of the samples were measured before and after their boiling in water and the results are shown below:
Tensile properties before boi ■ling aft ;er boiling in water in water
Tensile Strength (Mpa) 73 70 Tensile Modulus (Mpa) 1915 1900 Elongation at break (%) 69 70
This data indicates that there is no drop in the tensile strength of the block copolymer after being stored in boiling water for 7 days and hence it can find applications where hydrolytic stability is important.
In the following Tables 1 and 2 the abbreviations used have the following meanings : - Mn - Number average molecular weight Mw - Weight average molecular weight MWD - Molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) Tg - Glass transition temperature HDT - Heat distortion temperature MVR - Melt volume rate
Table 1 PROPERTIES COMPARISION OF PPSU-PSU COPOLYMERS WITH NEAT PPSU & NEAT PSU & THEIR BLENDS:
Figure imgf000043_0001
Table 1 (cont.)
Figure imgf000044_0001
The higher impact properties, one intermediate Tg and transparency of granules indicate that B BI, B2 & B3 are block copolymers and not just physical mixtures like Cl, C2 δ- C3.
Table 2
Figure imgf000045_0001
The higher impact properties, one intermediate Tg and transparency of granules indicate that B4, B5, B6 are block copolymers . EXAMPLE 11: A block-copolymer of 75:25 PSU:PES (BC-7)
The following three part procedure was used to prepare this PSU - PES block copolymer.
Part 1: The preparation of the PSU homoblock.
DMA.C (873gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Bisphenol A (684gms) and 4,4' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (886.8 gms) were added to the flask, the DCDPS and Bis Phenol A being in a molar ratio of 1.03:1.00, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (476gms) was added. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent. The temperature of the reactants was slowly increased to 165°C over 9 hours and the stirring speed was set to 400 rpm. The water formed due to the reaction was distilled over as an azeotrope with toluene and collected in the Dean-Stark trap. The toluene was then returned to the reaction mixture once it had been separated from the water. Once the water had been completely removed, toluene addition back to the reaction vessel was stopped. The toluene was then removed completely from the reaction mixture as the temperature of the reactants increased. The desired temperature was reached after 9 hours. The reaction temperature was then maintained at 165°C and when the viscosity started to increase the stirring speed was raised to 500 rpm. At the required Mn of 13,000, MW of about 17,000 and MWD 1.36 the viscosity of the reaction mixture remained almost constant, indicating the end of the polymerization reaction.
Part 2: The preparation of the PES homoblock: A 4-necked, 3-litre glass flask was equipped with an overhead stirrer attached to a stainless steel paddle through its center neck. Through one of its side necks, a Cloisonne adapter was attached. The other neck of the Cloisonne adapter was attached to a Dean-Stark trap and a water-cooled condenser. A thermocouple thermometer was inserted through another of the side necks. A nitrogen gas inlet was inserted through the other side neck. The flask was placed in an oil bath, which was connected to a temperature controller. Dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) (873gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (344gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask and heated to
45°C. DHDPS (257.5gms) and 4 , 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (287 gms) were added to the flask, the DHDPS and
DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.03:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (158.7 gms) was added to the flask. A nitrogen atmosphere was maintained in the flask by purging. The temperature of the reactants was slowly increased to 165°C over 9 hours and the stirring speed set to 400rpm. The water formed due to the reaction of K2C03 with DHDPS was distilled over as an azeotrope with toluene and collected in the Dean-Stark trap. The toluene was then returned to the reaction mixture once it had been separated from the water. Once the water had been completely removed, toluene addition back to reaction vessel was stopped. The toluene was then removed completely from the reaction mixture as the temperature of the reactants increased. The desired temperature was reached after 9 hours. The reaction temperature was then maintained at 165°C and when the viscosity started to increase the stirring speed was raised to 500 rpm. Once the viscosity increase slowed, a sample was taken out to check the molecular weight. The GPC Mn achieved was about 22,000, with a Mw of 25,000 and a MWD of 1.15. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool in preparation for its reaction with the product of part 2. The relatively high molar ratio of DCDPS to DHDPS gave PES of a relatively low molecular weight and with predominantly end groups of -Ph-Cl .
Part 3: The preparation of the block copolymer.
The reaction mixtures of Part 1(3 parts) and Part 2 (1 part) were mixed by weight proportion and the block polymerization was conducted at 165°C. After the required MW was achieved, as shown by GPC, the reaction mixture was quenched with DMAc (376gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 140°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (600ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution was filtered through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm2 of nitrogen to remove any salts. The block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The p'recipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was ground and refluxed three times with de-ionized water at 90°C to completely remove all salts and DMAc. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fischer titration was < 0.5%.
GPC analysis of the block copolymer showed an Mn of 77,000, an Mw of 108,000 and an MWD of 1.39 based on the polystyrene standards. Thus, the copolymer produced had a significantly higher molecular weight than the two homoblocks used as monomer units, indicating the preparation of a block copolymer. The block copolymer powder was then mixed with 0.3% heat stabilizer and granulated using a twin screw extruder. The Tg and the specific gravity of PSU are 190°C and 1.24 respectively, whilst those of PES are 224°C and 1.37. The transparent granules of block copolymer showed a DSC Tg of 198°C and a specific gravity of 1.27. The transparency of the granules, the single GPC peak, the intermediate Tg and the specific gravity of the product clearly indicate that a block-copolymer of PSU and PES had indeed been formed and that the product was not simply a blend of the two homopolymers, PSU and PES. The remaining properties and also those of the blends are given in Table 1.
EXAMPLE 12: A block-copolymer of 50:50 PSU:PES (BC-8)
An experimental set up similar to that described in Example 1 was used.
Part 1: The preparation of the PSU homoblock.
Dimethyl Acetamide (DMAc) (1786 gms, 950ml/mole) and Toluene (688 gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Bisphenol A (461Gms) and 4,4'- dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (574 gms) were added to the flask, the Bisphenol A and DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.01:1.00, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (318 gms) was added to the flask. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent. The rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 8,000, an Mw of 11,000 and an MWD of 1.43.
Part 2: The preparation of the PES homoblock. DMAc (1786 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (688 gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. DHDPS (500 gms) and 4,4' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (586 gms) were added to the flask, the DCDPS and DHDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.02:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (318 gms) was added to the flask. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent. The rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 2 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 28,000, an Mw of 34,000 and an MWD of 1.21.
Part 3: The preparation of the block copolymer.
The reaction mixtures of Part 1 and Part 2 were mixed together and the block polymerization was conducted at 165°C. After the required GPC MW was achieved, the reaction mixture was quenched with DMAc (344gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 140°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (600ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution was passed through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm2 nitrogen to remove any salts. The block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The precipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was treated three times with refluxing de-ionized water at 90°C. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fisher titration was < 0.5%. GPC analysis of the block copolymer showed an Mn of 67,000, an Mw of 92,000 and an MWD of 1.37 based on the polystyrene standards. The block copolymer was then granulated as in Example 1 and its properties were measured. These were a Tg of 208°C and a specific gravity of 1.3. This data, and the product being obtained as clear transparent granules, indicated that PES and PSU were present as a block copolymer and not simply as a blend of the two homopolymers . The remaining properties and also those of the blend of similar proportions are given in Table 1.
EXAMPLE 13: A block copolymer of 25:75 PSU:PES (BC 9)
An experimental set up similar to that described in Example 1 was used.
Part 1: The preparation of the PSU homoblock. DMAc (893 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (344 gms
400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Bisphenol A (232 gms) and DCDPS (287 gms) were added to the flask, the
Bisphenol A and DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.00:1.02, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (162 gms) was then added to the flask.
The rest of the procedure is same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 17,000, an Mw of 22,000 and an MWD of 1.29 based on the polystyrene standards.
Part 2: The preparation of the PES homoblock. DMAc (2679 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (1032gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. DHDPS (750 gms) and DCDPS (878 gms) were added to the flask, the DCDPS and DHDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.02:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (476 gms, 1.15mole/mole) added to the flask. The rest of the procedure is same as that described in Part 2 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular -weight of Mn 15,000, an Mw of 20,000 and an MWD of 1.33 based on the polystyrene standards.
Part 3: The preparation of the block copolymer.
The reaction mixtures of Part 1 (1 part) and Part 2 (3 parts) were mixed together and the block polymerization was conducted at 165°C. After the required GPC MW was achieved, the reaction mixture was quenched and the copolymer worked up as in Example 1.
GPC analysis of the copolymer showed an Mn of 68,000, an Mw of 104,000 and an MWD of 1.53. The block copolymer powder was then extruded and granulated as per the procedure given in Example 1. The DSC Tg of the copolymer was 218°C and the specific gravity was 1.33. This data, and the product being obtained as light amber colored transparent granules, indicated that the polymer obtained was indeed a block copolymer and not simply a blend of PSU and PES. The remaining properties and also those of the blends are given in Table 3. EXAMPLE 14: A block copolymer of 10:90 PSU: PES (BC 10)
An experimental set up similar to that described in Example 1 was used.
Part 1: The preparation of the PSU homoblock.
DMAc (357 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (138 gms
400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Bisphenol A (93 gms) and DCDPS (115 gms) were added to the flask, the
Bisphenol A and DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.02:1.00, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes.
Anhydrous potassium carbonate (65 gms) was then added to the flask.
The rest of the procedure is same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 49,000, an Mw of 63,000 and an MWD of 1.29 based on the polystyrene standards.
Part 2: The preparation of the PES homoblock.
DMAc (3215 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (1238gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. DHDPS (900 gms) and DCDPS (1044 gms) were added to the flask, the DCDPS and DHDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.01:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (571 gms, 1.15mole/mole) added to the flask.
The rest of the procedure is same as that described in Part 2 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had a GPC molecular weight of Mn 35,000, an Mw of 51,000 and an MWD of 1.46 based on the polystyrene standards.
Part 3: The preparation of the block copolymer.
The reaction mixtures of Part 1 (1 part) and Part 2 (9 parts) were mixed together and the block polymerization was conducted at 165°C. After the required GPC MW was achieved, the reaction mixture was quenched and the copolymer worked up as in Example 1.
GPC analysis of the copolymer showed an Mn of 87,000, an Mw of 113,000 and an MWD of 1.29. The block copolymer powder was then extruded and granulated as per the procedure given in Example 1. The DSC Tg of the copolymer was 222°C and the specific gravity was 1.357. This data, and the product being obtained as light amber colored transparent granules, indicated that the polymer obtained was indeed a block copolymer and not simply a blend of PSU and PES. The remaining properties and also those of the blends are given in Table 3.
EXAMPLE 15: Physical Blends of PSU and PES: In order to study the properties of the physical blending of PPSU and PSU dry blending of the powders was carried out in the following proportions, followed by extrusion on ZE 25 twin screw extruder and evaluation (Table 3) .
CA1 PSU powder (75%) + PES powder (25%) CA2 PSU powder (50%) + PES Powder (50%) CA3 PSU powder (25%) + PES powder (75%) CA4 PSU powder (10%) + PES powder (90%) The PES used was the commercially available GAFONE - 3300 grade and the PSU used was the commercially available GAFONE -S PSU 1300, both from Gharda Chemicals Ltd. India.
Table 3 PROPERTIES COMPARISION OF PPSU-PSU COPOLYMERS WITH NEAT PSU & NEAT PES & THEIR BLENDS:
Figure imgf000056_0001
Table 3 (cont.)
Figure imgf000057_0001
The Tg and transparency of granules indicate that BC7, BC8, BC9 & BCIO are block copolymers a not just physical mixtures like CAl, CA2, CA3 & CA4. are not miscible.
-4
EXAMPLE 16: A block-copolymer of 90:10 PES : PPSU (D-2)
The following three part procedure was used to prepare this PES - PPSU block copolymer.
Part 1: The preparation of the PES homoblock.
Figure imgf000059_0002
DMAc (2876gms, 850ml/mole) and toluene (400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 65°C. 4 , 4' -dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone (DHDPS) (900 gms) and 4 , 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (1044 gms) were added to the flask, the DCDPS and
Figure imgf000059_0001
DHDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.01:1.00, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium
Figure imgf000059_0003
carbonate (572gms) was added. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent. The temperature of the reactants was slowly increased to 165°C over 9 hours and the stirring speed was set to 400 rpm. The water formed due to the reaction was distilled over as an azeotrope with toluene and collected in the Dean-Stark trap. The toluene was then returned to the reaction mixture once it had been separated from the water. Once the water had been completely removed, toluene addition back to the reaction vessel was stopped. The toluene was then removed completely from the reaction mixture as the
Figure imgf000059_0004
temperature of the reactants increased. The desired
A -necked, 3-litre glass flask was equipped with an overhead stirrer attached to a stainless steel paddle through its center neck. Through one of its side necks, a Cloisonne adapter was attached. The other neck of the Cloisonne adapter was attached to a Dean-Stark trap and a water-cooled condenser. A thermocouple thermometer was inserted through another of the side necks. A nitrogen gas inlet was inserted through the other side neck. The flask was placed in an oil bath, which was connected to a temperature controller.
Dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) (357gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene ( 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask and heated to 45°C. Biphenol (75.9) and 4, 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (114.8 gms) were added to the flask, the Biphenol and
DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.02:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate
(61 gms) Anhydrous Sodium carbonate (8.5 gms) ware added to the flask. A nitrogen atmosphere was maintained in the flask by purging. The temperature of the reactants was slowly increased to 165°C over 9 hours and the stirring speed set to 400rpm. The water formed due to the reaction of K2C03 & Na2C03 with Biphenol was distilled over as an azeotrope with toluene and collected in the Dean-Stark trap. The toluene was then returned to the reaction mixture once it had been separated from the water. Once the water had been completely removed, toluene addition back to reaction vessel was stopped. The toluene was then removed completely from the reaction mixture as the temperature of the reactants increased. The desired temperature was reached after 9 hours. The reaction temperature ' was then maintained at 165°C and when the viscosity started to increase the stirring speed was raised to 500 rpm. Once the viscosity increase slowed, a sample was taken out to check the molecular weight. The GPC Mn achieved was about 17,000, with a Mw of 22,000 and a MWD of 1.33. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool in preparation for its reaction with the product of part 2. The relatively high molar ratio of DCDPS to Biphenol gave PPSU of a relatively low molecular weight and with predominantly end groups of - Ph-Cl.
Part 3: The preparation of the block copolymer. The reaction mixtures of Part 1(9 part) and Part 2 (1 part) were mixed by weight proportion and the block polymerization was conducted at 165°C. After the required MW was achieved, as shown by GPC, the reaction mixture was quenched with DMAc (376gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 140°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (600ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution was filtered through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm2 of nitrogen to remove any salts. The block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The precipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was ground and refluxed three times with de-ionized water at 90°C to completely remove all salts and DMAc. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fischer titration was < 0.5%.
GPC analysis of the block copolymer showed an Mn of 78,000, an Mw of 112,000 and an MWD of 1.43 based on the polystyrene standards . Thus, the copolymer produced had a significantly higher molecular weight than the two homoblocks used as monomer units, indicating the preparation of a block copolymer. The block copolymer powder was then mixed with 0.3% heat stabilizer and granulated using a twin screw extruder. The Tg and the specific gravity of PES are 224°C and 1.37 respectively, whilst those of PPSU are 223 °C and 1.29. The transparent granules of block copolymer showed a DSC Tg of 224°C and a specific gravity of 1.36. The transparency of the granules, the single GPC peak, the intermediate Tg and the specific gravity of the product clearly indicate that a block-copolymer of PES and PPSU had indeed been formed and that the product was not simply a blend of the two homopolymers, PES and PPSU.
EXAMPLE 17: A block-copolymer of 75:25 PES : PPSU (MPES # S-01)
The following three part procedure was used to prepare this PES - PPSU block copolymer.
Part 1: The preparation of the PES homoblock:
A 4-necked, 3-litre glass flask was equipped with an overhead stirrer attached to a stainless steel paddle through its center neck. A steel head and vertical cooled condenser was attached to one of the necks of the flask. A thermocouple thermometer was inserted through another of the side necks. A nitrogen gas inlet was inserted through the other side neck. The flask was placed in an oil bath, which was connected to a temperature controller.
Sulfolane (945gms, 750ml/mole) was placed in the flask and heated to 45°C. 4 , 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (222 gms) and 4 , 4 ' Dihydroxy Diphenyl sulfone (DHDPS) (187.5 gms) were added to the flask, the DCDPS and DHDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.03:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous sodium carbonate (94 gms) was added to the flask. A nitrogen atmosphere was maintained in the flask by purging. The temperature of the reactants was slowly increased to 225°C over 6 hours and the stirring speed set to 400rpm. The water formed due to the reaction of Na2C03 with DHDPS was distilled through condenser. The reaction temperature was then maintained at 220°C and when the viscosity started to increase the stirring speed was raised to 500 rpm. Once the viscosity increase slowed, a sample was taken out to check the molecular weight . The GPC Mn achieved was about 24,000, with a Mw of 34,000 and a MWD of 1.37. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool in preparation for its reaction with the product of part 2. The relatively high molar ratio of DCDPS to DHDPS gave PES of a relatively low molecular weight and with predominantly end groups of -Ph-Cl.
Part 2: The preparation of the PPSU homoblock. Sulfolane (315gms, 250ml/mole) and toluene (400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. 4,4'- dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (71.75 gms) and Biphenol (48 gm) were added to the flask, the Biphenol : DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.03:1.00, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (39.7gms) was added. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent. The temperature of the reactants was slowly increased to 190°C over 4 hours and the stirring speed was set to 400 rpm. The water formed due to the reaction was distilled over as an azeotrope with toluene and collected in the Dean-Stark trap. The toluene was then returned to the reaction mixture once it had been separated from the water. Once the water had been completely removed, toluene addition back to the reaction vessel was stopped. The toluene was then removed completely from the reaction mixture as the temperature of the reactants increased. The desired temperature was reached after 4 hours. The reaction temperature was then maintained at 190°C and when the viscosity started to increase the stirring speed was raised to 500 rpm. The required Mn of 18,000, MW of about 22,000 and MWD 1.14 were achieved. The relatively high molar ratio of Biphenol to DCDPS gave PPSU of a relatively low molecular weight and with predominantly end groups of -Ph-OH
Part 3: The preparation of the block copolymer. The reaction mixtures of Part 1 and Part 2 were mixed in equal proportions by weight and the block polymerization was conducted at 220°C. After the required MW was achieved, as shown by GPC, the reaction mixture was quenched with Sulfolane (252gms, 200ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 210°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 3 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with Sulfolane (400ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution was filtered through a 15 micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm2 of nitrogen to remove any salts. The block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The precipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was ground and refluxed three times with de-ionized water at 90°C to completely remove all salts and Sulfolane. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fischer titration was < 0.5%. GPC analysis of the block copolymer showed an Mn of 85,000, an Mw of 119,000 and an MWD of 1.39 based on the polystyrene standards. Thus, the copolymer produced had a significantly higher molecular weight than the two homoblocks used as monomer units, indicating the preparation of a block copolymer. The block copolymer powder was then mixed with 0.25% heat stabilizer and granulated using a twin screw extruder. The Tg and the specific gravity of PES are 225°C and 1.37 respectively, whilst those of PPSU are 222 °C and 1.290. The transparent granules of block copolymer showed a DSC Tg of 224°C and a specific gravity of 1.34. The transparency of the granules, the single GPC peak, the intermediate Tg and the specific gravity of the product clearly indicate that a block-copolymer of PES and PPSU had indeed been formed and that the product was not simply a blend of the two homopolymers, PES and PPSU.
EXAMPLE 18: A block-copolymer of 50:50 PSSD :PSSB (MPSS # 2)
The following three part procedure was used to prepare this
PSSD - PSSB block copolymer.
PSSD made by using DHDPS and CSB as monomer
Part 1: The preparation of the PSSD homoblock:
A 4-necked, 10 -liter glass flask was equipped with an overhead stirrer attached to a stainless steel paddle through its center neck. A steel head and vertical cooled condenser was attached to one of the necks of the flask. A thermocouple thermometer was inserted through another of the side necks. A nitrogen gas inlet was inserted through the other side neck. The flask was placed in an oil bath, which was connected to a temperature controller. Sulfolane (4410 gms, 3500ml/mole) and toluene (lOOOml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. 4,4' Bis [(4- Chlorophenyl) Sulfonyl] Biphenyl (CSB) (523 gms) and 4,4' Dihydroxy diphenyl sulfone (DHDPS) (250 gms) were added to the flask, the CSB and DHDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.04:1.00. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous sodium carbonate (123 gms) was added. A nitrogen atmosphere was maintained in the flask by purging. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent. The temperature of the reactants was slowly increased to 220°C over 5 hours and the stirring speed was set to 400 rpm. The water formed due to the reaction of Na2C03 with DHDPS was distilled over as an azeotrope with toluene and collected in the Dean-Stark trap. The toluene was then returned to the reaction mixture once it had been separated from the water. Once the water had been completely removed, toluene addition back to the reaction vessel was stopped. The toluene was then removed completely from the reaction mixture as the temperature of the reactants increased. The desired temperature was reached after 5 hours. The reaction temperature was then maintained at 220°C and when the viscosity started to increase the stirring speed was raised to 500 rpm. The required Mn of 17,000, MW of about 20,000 and MWD 1.19 was achieved. The relatively high molar ratio of CSB to DHDPS gave PSSD of a relatively low molecular weight and with predominantly end groups of -Ph-Cl
Part 2: The preparation of the PSSB homoblock.
PSSB made by using Biphenol and CSB as monomer
Sulfolane (4410 gms, 3500ml/mole) and toluene (1000ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. 4,4' Bis [ (4-Chlorophenyl) Sulfonyl] Biphenyl (CSB) (503 gms) and Biphenol (188 gms) were added to the flask, the Biphenol and CSB being in a molar ratio of 1.01:1.00. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous sodium carbonate (123 gms) was added. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent. The temperature of the reactants was slowly increased to 220°C over 5 hours and the stirring speed was set to 400 rpm. The water formed due to the reaction was distilled over as an azeotrope with toluene and collected in the Dean-Stark trap. The toluene was then returned to the reaction mixture once it had been separated from the water. Once the water had been completely removed, toluene addition back to the reaction vessel was stopped. The toluene was then removed completely from the reaction mixture as the temperature of the reactants increased. The desired temperature was reached after 4 hours. The reaction temperature was then maintained at 220°C and when the viscosity started to increase the stirring speed was raised to 500 rpm. The required Mn of 29,000, MW of about 38,000 and MWD 1.31 was achieved. The relatively high molar ratio of Biphenol to CSB gave PSSB of a relatively low molecular weight and with predominantly end groups of -Ph-OH
Part 3: The preparation of the block copolymer.
The reaction mixtures of Part 1 and Part 2 were mixed in equal proportions by weight and the block polymerization was conducted at 220°C. After the required MW was achieved, as shown by GPC, the reaction mixture was quenched with Sulfolane (504gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 210°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 3 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with Sulfolane (400 ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution was filtered through a 15 micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm2 of nitrogen to remove any salts. The block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt-free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13 ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The precipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was ground and refluxed three times with de-ionized water at 90°C to completely remove all salts and Sulfolane. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fischer titration was < 0.5%.
GPC analysis of the block copolymer showed an Mn of 88,000, an Mw of 121,000 and an MWD of 1.37 based on the polystyrene standards. Thus, the copolymer produced had a significantly higher molecular weight than the two homoblocks used as monomer units, indicating the preparation of a block copolymer. The block copolymer powder was then mixed with 0.25% heat stabilizer and granulated using a twin screw extruder. The Tg and the specific gravity of PSSD are 259°C and 1.29 respectively, while those of PSSB are 270°C and 1.320. The transparent granules of the block copolymer showed a DSC Tg of 266°C and a specific gravity of 1.31. The transparency of the granules, the single GPC peak, the intermediate Tg and the specific gravity of the product clearly indicate that a block-copolymer of PSSD and PSSB had indeed been formed and that the product was not simply a blend of the two homo polymers, PSSD and PPSB.
EXAMPLE 19: A block copolymer of 95:5 PPSU:PSU
An experimental set up similar to that described in Example 1 was used. Part 1: The preparation of the PPSU homoblock.
DMAc (848 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (326gms,
400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Biphenol
(176.7 gms) and 4, 4' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (278.1 gms) were added to the flask, the DCDPS and biphenol being in a molar ratio of 1.02:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (144.2 gms) and anhydrous sodium carbonate (lOgms) were added to the flask.
The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent.
The rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had GPC molecular weights of Mn 20,000, an Mw of 24,000 and an MWD of 1.20.
Part 2: The preparation of the PSU homoblock. DMAc (44.6 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (17 gms
400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Bisphenol A (11.7gms) and 4, 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (14.3gms) were added to the flask, the Bisphenol A and DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.04:1.00, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (7.5 gms) was added to the flask. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent . The rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 2 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had GPC molecular weights of Mn 17,000, an Mw of 21,000 and an MWD of 1.24 Part 3: The preparation of the block copolymer.
The reaction mixtures of Part 1 (8 parts) and Part 2 (2 Part) were mixed together and the polymerization was conducted at 165°C. When the GPC molecular weight showed an Mw of 114,000 the reaction mass was quenched with DMAc (376gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 160°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (564gms, 600ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution was passed through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm2 nitrogen to remove any salts. The block copolymer was finally recovered by slowly adding the salt- free polymer solution to de-ionized water (13ml/gm of polymer) under high-speed agitation. The precipitated polymer was then recovered by filtration. The precipitated polymer was treated three times with refluxing de-ionized water at 90°C. The precipitated polymer was then filtered and dried in an oven at 140°C until the moisture content as determined by Karl Fisher titration was < 0.5%.
GPC analysis of the copolymer showed an Mn of 82,000, an Mw of 114,000 and an MWD of 1.39 based on Polystyrene standards . The block copolymer was then granulated as in Example 1 and its properties were measured. These were a Tg of 218°C and a specific gravity of 1.29. This data, and the product being obtained as clear transparent granules, indicated that PPSU and PSU were indeed present as a block copolymer and not simply as a blend of the two homopolymers .
Example 20: Melt extrusion of block co-polymer of PPSU:PSU 95:5 An experimental set up similar to that described in Example 1 was used.
Part 1: The preparation of the PPSU homoblock.
DMAc (848 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (326gms, 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Biphenol (176.7 gms) and 4, 4 ' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (278.1 gms) were added to the flask, the DCDPS and biphenol being in a molar ratio of 1.02:1.00, and the reactants were stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (144.2 gms) and anhydrous sodium carbonate (lOgms) were added to the flask. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent.
The rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 1 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had GPC molecular weights of Mn 18,000, an Mw of 22,000 and an MWD of 1.22.
Part 2: The preparation of the PSU homoblock.
DMAc (44.6 gms, 950ml/mole) and toluene (17 gms 400ml/mole) were placed in the flask, through which nitrogen gas was bubbled continuously, and heated to 45°C. Bisphenol A (11.7gms) and 4 , 4' -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) (14.3gms), were added to the flask, the Bisphenol A and DCDPS being in a molar ratio of 1.04:1.00, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (7.5 gms) was added to the flask. The toluene acts as an azeotropic solvent .
The rest of the procedure is the same as that described in Part 2 of Example 1. The homoblock obtained had GPC molecular weights of Mn 18,000, an Mw of 22,000 and an MWD of 1.22
Part 3: The preparation of the block copolymer.
The reaction mixtures of Part 1 (8 parts) and Part 2 (2 Part) were mixed together and the polymerization was conducted at 165°C. When the GPC molecular weight showed an Mw of 118,000 the reaction mass was quenched with DMAc (376gms, 400ml/mole) and its temperature reduced to 160°C. Methyl Chloride gas was then bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 hrs to ensure complete end capping. The reaction mixture was then diluted with DMAc (564gms, 600ml/mole) for a second time. The polymer solution after dehydrated was passed through a 15micron filter in a pressure filter funnel using 2kg/cm2 nitrogen to remove any salts. The filter reaction mass was concentrated to 70% solid content under vacuum. Block copolymer was finally recovered in pellet form after extruded on lab scale twin screw extruder.
GPC analysis of the copolymer showed an Mn of 84,000, an Mw of 118,000 and an MWD of 1.4 based on Polystyrene standards. These were a Tg of 219°C and a specific gravity of 1.29. This data, and the product being obtained as clear transparent granules, indicated that PPSU and PSU were indeed present as a block copolymer and not simply as a blend of the two homopolymers .
A variety of homoblocks have been successfully prepared using one or more dihalo compounds and one or more dihydroxy compounds, some of which are listed below: AROMATIC DIHALO COMPOUNDS:
Dihalo diphenyl sulfones such as Dichloro diphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) or 4,4' Bis (4-chlorophenyl sulfonyl) biphenyl (CSB); Dihalodiphenyl ketones such as Dichlorodiphenyl ketone; Dihalodiphenyl ethers such as Dichlorodiphenyl ether;
Dihalodiphenyl methylenes such as Dichlorodiphenyl methylene,- Dihalodiphenoxy biphenyls such as Dichlorodiphenoxy biphenyl; Dihalodiphenyls such as Dichlorodiphenyl; Dihalodiphenyl biphenyl diethers such as Dichlorodiphenyl biphenyl diether; Dihalodiphenyl biphenyl disulfones such as Dichlorodiphenyl biphenyl disulfone; Dihalodiphenyl biphenyl diketones such as Dichlorodiphenyl biphenyl diketone; Dihalodiphenyl biphenyls such as Dichlorodiphenyl biphenyl and Methyl dihalodiphenyl sulfones such as Dimethyl dichlorodiphenyl sulfone or Tetramethyl dichlorodiphenyl sulfone.
Other aromatic dihalo compounds include CI-C6H4-C6H-X-C6H4- C6H4-X-C6H4-C6H4-C1 where X = -0-, -S0 -, -CO-, -CH2- or any combination of the two, or Cl-C6H4-C6H4-X-C6H4-C6H4-Y-CeH4-C6H4- Cl where X = -0-, -S02-, -CO-, -CH2-, unsubstituted or methyl substituted phenyl and unsubstituted or methyl substituted biphenyl, AND Y= -0-, -S02-, -CO-, -CH2-, unsubstituted or methyl substituted phenyl and unsubstituted or methyl substituted biphenyl; Cl-Cs^-X-CgHi-Cg^-Y-Cs^-Cs^-Cl, Cl- C6H4-X-C6H4-CβH4-Y-C6H4-Cl,
Figure imgf000073_0001
, Cl- CSH4-C6H4-X-C6H4-Y-C6H4-C1, where X & Y are as defined above and -Cl includes the use of any halogen.
AROMATIC DIHYDROXY COMPOUNDS:
Dihydroxy diphenyl Sulfone (DHDPS) ; Bisphenol A; Biphenol ,- Hydroquinone; Dimethyl Dihydroxy diphenyl sulfone; Dimethyl Bisphenol A; Dimethyl Biphenol; Tetramethyl dihydroxy diphenyl sulfone; Tetramethyl Bisphenol A; Tetramethyl Biphenol; Dihydroxydiphenyl ether; Dihydroxy diphenyl methane; Dihydroxy Diphenyl Ketone; Bis (hydroxy phenyl sulfonyl) biphenyl; Bis (hydroxy phenyl keto) biphenyl; Bis (hydroxy phenoxy) biphenyl;
Figure imgf000074_0001
where X & Y = -0-, -S02-, -CO-, -CH2-, unsubstituted or methyl substituted phenyl and unsubstituted or methyl substituted biphenyl; HO-C3H4-X-C6H4-Y-C6H4-OH where X and Y are defined as above .

Claims

Claims :
1) A process for preparing a block copolymer comprising at least two types of homoblock, all belonging to the polysulfone family, wherein each of the said homoblocks has an identical or different molecular weight of at least about 1000 and comprises at least 3% of the overall weight of the block copolymer, and wherein the block copolymer has a molecular weight of at least about 2000, the process comprising the steps of:
(a) preparing each of the aforesaid homoblocks by reacting at least one aromatic diol or aromatic dialkoxide compound with at least one aromatic dihalo compound, one of which contains at least one sulfone group, in the presence of at least one alkali optionally in at least one solvent and further optionally in the presence of an azeotropic agent, (b) reacting the aforesaid homoblocks together optionally in at least one solvent, optionally followed by end-capping said block copolymer, and
(c) recovering the block copolymer.
2) A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aromatic dihalo compound is dihalodiphenyl sulfone or dihalodiphenyl ketone or dihalodiphenyl ether or dihalodiphenyl methylene or dihalodiphenyl biphenyl .
3) A process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the said dihalodiphenyl sulfone is Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) or 4,4' Bis (4 -Chloro Diphenyl disulfonyl) biphenyl (CSB) . 4) A process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the said dihalodiphenyl ketone is Dichlorodiphenyl ketone.
5) A process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the said dihalodiphenyl ether is Dichlorodiphenyl ether.
6) A process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the said dihalodiphenyl methylene is Dichlorodiphenyl methylene.
7) A process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the said dihalodiphenyl biphenyl is Dichlorodiphenyl biphenyl.
8) A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the aromatic diol or aromatic dialkoxide compound is Bisphenol A or Biphenol or Bisphenol S or their dimethyl or tetramethyl derivatives, or hydroquinone, or any of their dialkoxide derivatives.
9) A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein either of the aromatic diol or aromatic dialkoxide compound or the aromatic dihalo compound is present in an amount equal in moles to the other or greater than the other up to 15 mole %.
10) A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein each of the aforesaid homoblocks comprise at least 5% of the overall weight of the block copolymer.
11) A process as claimed in claim 10, wherein each of the aforesaid homoblocks comprise at least 10% of the overall weight of the block copolymer. 12) A process as claimed in claim 11, wherein each of the aforesaid homoblocks comprise at least 25% of the overall weight of the block copolymer.
13) A process as claimed in claim 12, wherein each of the aforesaid homoblocks comprise at least 40% of the overall weight of the block copolymer.
14) A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the homoblocks that react to form the block copolymer each have either two hydroxyl or alkoxide end groups, two halogen end groups, or one hydroxyl or alkoxide end group and one halogen end group.
15) A process as claimed in claim 14, wherein each link is formed by reacting a hydroxyl or alkoxide end group with halogen end group.
16) A block copolymer as claimed in either claim 14 or claim 15, wherein the halogen and hydroxyl or alkoxide end groups are present in stoichiometric proportions within +/- 7% of each other.
17) A block copolymer as claimed in claim 16, wherein the proportions are within +/- 5% of each other.
18) A block copolymer as claimed in claim 17, wherein the proportions are within +/- 3% of each other.
19) A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the solvent is Dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) , Dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO) , Sulfolane, N-Methyl Pyrrolydone, diphenyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfone or a mixture thereof. 20) A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the alkali is one or more metal hydroxides, one or more metal hydrogen carbonates, one or more metal carbonates, or any combination.
21) A process as claimed in claim 20, wherein the metal hydroxide is NaOH, KOH or a mixture thereof.
22) A process as claimed in claim 20, wherein the metal hydrogen carbonate is NaHC03 or KHC03.
23) A process as claimed in claim 20, wherein the metal carbonate is Na2C03, K2C03, or a mixture thereof.
24) A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the process steps (a) or (b) or both are carried out at a temperature between 120°C to 250°C.
25) A process as claimed in claim 24, wherein the process steps (a) or (b) or both are carried out at a temperature between 160°C to 250°C.
26) A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the said azeotropic agent is toluene.
27) A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the said azeotropic agent is monochlorobenzene .
28) A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the end-capping is performed using MeCl.
29) A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the block copolymer is recovered by washing the reaction mass to remove by-product salt, unreacted alkali and optionally the solvent.
30) A process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 28 wherein the block copolymer is recovered from the solvent by filtering out by-product salt and precipitating the block copolymer in water or MeOH, or a mixture of water and MeOH, and filtering, washing and drying the block copolymer formed.
31) A process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 28 wherein the block copolymer is recovered by filtering out by-product salt and distilling off the solvent.
32) A block copolymer comprising of at least two types of homoblock, all belonging to a family of polysulfones that are linked together to form block copolymer chains, wherein each of the homoblock has an identical or different molecular weight of at least 1000 and comprises at least 5% of the overall weight of the block copolymer, and wherein the block copolymer has a molecular weight of at least 2000.
33) A block copolymer as claimed in claim 32, wherein each of the said homoblocks has a molecular weight of 2000 to 150000.
34) A block copolymer as claimed in claim 33, wherein each of the said homoblocks has a molecular weight of 15000 to 50000.
35) A block copolymer as claimed in claim 32, wherein the block copolymer has a molecular weight of 5000 to 150000. 36) A block copolymer as claimed in claim 35, wherein the block copolymer has a molecular weight of 30000 to 150000.
37) A block copolymer as claimed in any one of claims claim 32 to 36, wherein each of the aforesaid homoblocks comprises at least 10% of the overall weight of the copolymer.
38) A block copolymer as claimed in claim 37, wherein each of the aforesaid homoblocks comprises at least 25% of the overall weight of the copolymer.
39) A block copolymer as claimed in claim 38, wherein each of the aforesaid homoblock has at least 40% of the overall weight .
40) A block copolymer as claimed in any one of claims 32 to 39, wherein the link is formed by reacting a diol or a dialkoxide with a dihalide.
41) A block copolymer as claimed in claim 40, wherein the diol or dialkoxide is selected from the family of aromatic dihydroxy or aromatic dialkoxide compounds.
42) A block copolymer as claimed in claim 40, wherein the dihalide is an aryl dichloride.
43) A block copolymer as claimed in any one of claims 32 to 42, wherein the homoblocks are PSU and PPSU.
44) A block copolymer as claimed in any one of claims 32 to 42, wherein the homoblocks are PES and PPSU. 45) A block copolymer as claimed in any one of claims 32 to 42, wherein the homoblocks are PSU and PES.
46) A block copolymer as claimed in any one of claims 32 to 42, wherein the homoblocks are PES, PSU and PPSU.
47) A block copolymer as claimed in any one of claims 32 to 42, wherein the homoblocks are PSS & either PPSU or PSU.
48) A block copolymer as claimed in any one of claims 32 to 47, wherein the homoblocks are present in a random sequence .
49) A block copolymer as claimed in any one of claims 32 to 47, wherein the homoblocks are present in an alternating sequence.
PCT/IB2005/000864 2004-04-01 2005-03-29 An improved process of preparation of block copolymers and the block copolymers prepared therefrom WO2005095491A1 (en)

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EP05718340.2A EP1751214B2 (en) 2004-04-01 2005-03-29 Block copolymers
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DE602005002841T DE602005002841D1 (en) 2004-04-01 2005-03-29 IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BLOCK COPOLYMERS AND THEN MANUFACTURED BLOCK COPOLYMERS
JP2007505666A JP4940130B2 (en) 2004-04-01 2005-03-29 Improved process for the preparation of block copolymers and block copolymers prepared therefrom
KR1020127012131A KR101414909B1 (en) 2004-04-01 2005-03-29 An improved process of preparation of block copolymers and the block copolymers prepared therefrom
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US9051432B2 (en) 2009-04-03 2015-06-09 Basf Se Method for producing low-chlorine polybiphenyl sulfone polymers
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WO2014057042A1 (en) 2012-10-12 2014-04-17 Solvay Specialty Polymers Usa, Llc High temperature sulfone (hts) foam meterials
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EP3904423A4 (en) * 2018-12-25 2022-09-14 Sumitomo Chemical Company Limited Aromatic polysulfone resin, epoxy resin composition, prepreg, and molded body
CN113302225B (en) * 2018-12-25 2023-09-29 住友化学株式会社 Aromatic polysulfone resin, epoxy resin composition, prepreg, and molded article
US11932731B2 (en) 2018-12-25 2024-03-19 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Aromatic polysulfone resin, epoxy resin composition, prepreg, and molded body
WO2021048229A1 (en) 2019-09-09 2021-03-18 Solvay Specialty Polymers Usa, Llc Functionalized poly(aryl ether sulfones) copolymers and polymer adducts obtained therefrom
EP3822302A1 (en) * 2019-11-13 2021-05-19 Solvay Specialty Polymers USA, LLC. Functionalized poly(aryl ether sulfones) copolymers and polymer adducts obtained therefrom
CN115947941A (en) * 2022-12-14 2023-04-11 杭州深蓝生物材料有限公司 End-capped antibacterial polyarylsulfone and preparation method thereof
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EP1751214B1 (en) 2007-10-10
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