WO2005083370A1 - 超音波流量計および超音波流量測定方法 - Google Patents
超音波流量計および超音波流量測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005083370A1 WO2005083370A1 PCT/JP2005/003006 JP2005003006W WO2005083370A1 WO 2005083370 A1 WO2005083370 A1 WO 2005083370A1 JP 2005003006 W JP2005003006 W JP 2005003006W WO 2005083370 A1 WO2005083370 A1 WO 2005083370A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/663—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters by measuring Doppler frequency shift
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/662—Constructional details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/667—Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F7/00—Volume-flow measuring devices with two or more measuring ranges; Compound meters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ultrasonic flowmeter that measures the flow rate of a fluid by irradiating ultrasonic waves to a fluid to be measured, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic flowmeter that is effective when applied to flow rate measurement of various fluids and the like.
- the present invention relates to an ultrasonic flow measurement method.
- a detector is installed on the outer wall of a pipe, and the ultrasonic force is projected on the fluid flowing inside the pipe, and the change in the propagation of the ultrasonic wave inside the fluid is measured to measure the flow rate inside the pipe.
- the clamp-on type ultrasonic flowmeter has many advantages, such as no special installation work is required even with existing piping, and it is not affected by fluid temperature, pressure, corrosiveness, etc. .
- the flow measurement by the Nors Doppler method has at least one integrated transmitter and receiver, emits ultrasonic pulses into the liquid to be measured, and mixes air bubbles in the fluid.
- Receiving an ultrasonic echo wave reflected by a foreign substance such as This is an application of the principle that the frequency of this echo wave shifts by a magnitude proportional to the flow velocity. Since this echo wave returns from the portion near the fluid detector in an early time and returns as the distance increases, the distribution of the flow velocity Vx at the position on the survey line can be obtained using this, and The flow rate is obtained by integrating over the entire cross section (A) of the pipe as in (1).
- This method is capable of high-accuracy, high-speed response, and is superior in bubble resistance as compared with the propagation time difference method described later.
- Patent Document 1 describes this measurable range. That is, the maximum flow that can be measured Speed V is
- C sound velocity of fluid
- D inner diameter of pipe
- f transmission frequency of ultrasonic wave.
- V prf Id (3). Also, in order to measure the flow velocity distribution over the entire area along the pipe measurement line, the next measurement cannot be performed until an echo wave of the force on the opposite wall of the pipe returns.
- the Doppler shift frequency f is df when the flow velocity of the measurement fluid is V
- Equation 5 [Equation 5] f d -2-V f .sin0 f -f 0 / C f ... (5) Combining Equations (3)-(5) yields Equation (2), indicating that there is an upper limit to the measurable flow velocity.
- Another problem of the Nors-Doppler method is that the flow velocity at the tube wall on the detector side cannot be detected normally.
- the flow velocity distribution can be measured by using at least one transmitter-receiver integrated detector, but the accuracy of flow velocity measurement decreases near the detector-side tube wall, and as a result,
- Patent Document 2 the flow velocity distribution on the opposite side of the tube wall, which is normally detected, is compared with the flow rate distribution on the side of the detector mounting side.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method in which the measured flow velocity distribution is divided into two at the center of the fluid cross section to create two divided distributions, and the divided distribution with small variation is doubled to obtain the flow rate of the entire fluid cross section. It is disclosed.
- the propagation time difference method as shown in Fig. 2A, has a pair of integrated transmission and reception detectors, and transmits the ultrasonic transmission time T1 from the upstream side to the downstream side (see Fig. 2B) and the downstream side.
- This method calculates the average flow velocity V and the flow rate Q from Equations (6) and (7) by comparing the ultrasonic transmission time T2 from the upstream to the upstream side (see Fig. 2C).
- V ⁇ 1
- this method has the following problems: low accuracy, slow response, and weakness to bubbles and impurities.
- measurement can be performed without bubbles or impurities and even in a fluid.
- the pulse Doppler method and the propagation time difference method have advantages and disadvantages.
- the flow meter alone was measured by any one of the pulse Doppler method and the force propagation time difference method, the measurement object Depending on the fluid speed, bubble volume, etc.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-12205
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-10-281832
- Patent Document 3 JP 2004-12204 A
- An object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic flow meter and an ultrasonic flow rate measuring method capable of improving measurement accuracy and a measurable range without being affected by the state of a fluid such as a flow velocity and a bubble amount. Is to do.
- Another object of the present invention is to realize a reduction in manufacturing cost and a simpler installation of a detector in an ultrasonic flowmeter.
- Another object of the present invention is to solve the technical problems inherent in the pulse Doppler method using a single detector and to improve the measurement accuracy of the flow rate while suppressing an increase in cost. is there.
- the present invention provides a flow rate measuring method and a flow rate measuring method capable of performing high-accuracy flow rate measurement over a wide range of flow velocity by switching between the two methods according to the conditions such as the velocity distribution of the fluid to be measured and the amount of bubbles. It is intended to provide a device.
- a first aspect of the present invention provides an ultrasonic flowmeter provided with a plurality of flow measurement units for measuring a flow rate of a fluid in a pipe using ultrasonic waves with different measurement principles.
- a plurality of flow rate measurement units that measure the flow rate of a fluid in a pipe using ultrasonic waves with different measurement principles and the mutual conversion of an acoustic signal and an electric signal attached to the pipe are described. And a transducer unit shared by a plurality of the flow rate measuring units.
- a first flow rate measuring unit that detects a flow rate of the fluid in the pipe by a propagation time difference method, and a flow rate of the fluid in the pipe by a pulse Doppler method
- a second flow rate measurement unit a plurality of first and second transducer units attached to the pipe through which the fluid to be measured flows, each of which performs mutual conversion between an acoustic signal and an electric signal; and the transducer unit.
- an ultrasonic flowmeter comprising: a transducer switching means for sharing the first flow measurement unit and the second flow measurement unit.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is an ultrasonic flow rate measuring method for measuring a flow rate of a fluid in a pipe by using an ultrasonic wave, and performs mutual conversion between an acoustic signal and an electric signal attached to the pipe.
- the plurality of ultrasonic flow meters for example, detect a flow rate of the fluid in the pipe by a propagation time difference method, and detect a flow rate of the fluid in the pipe by a pulse Doppler method And a second flow rate measuring unit.
- At least one of a pair of detectors used in the transit time difference method that requires two detectors is used so that it can be used in a pulse Doppler method that can operate with at least one detector.
- a detector switch can be provided.
- the pair of detectors may be arranged at positions opposite to each other with respect to the axis of the pipe, at positions shifted from each other in the direction of fluid flow.
- a configuration in which a pair of detectors are arranged on the same side surface of the pipe at positions separated along the direction of fluid flow is preferred.
- the ultrasonic flow meter of the present invention is provided with the first flow rate measurement unit and the second flow rate measurement unit having different measurement principles, and is configured to be independent of each other or to simultaneously use both of them. Therefore, by compensating for the disadvantages of other methods, it is possible to measure the flow rate of a fluid widely and with high accuracy without being affected by various conditions of the fluid to be measured, such as flow velocity and bubbles. Become.
- the number of detectors can be reduced, the manufacturing cost and installation cost of the detector can be reduced, and the flow rate of the fluid can be reduced over a wide range at a low cost. It will be possible to measure accurately.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention relates to a flow rate measurement method using a pulse Doppler method and a method of measuring a propagation time difference.
- an ultrasonic flowmeter capable of performing simultaneous flow measurement in parallel with an ultrasonic flowmeter.
- This ultrasonic flowmeter has at least one pair of electric Z ultrasonic transducers necessary for flow time difference flow measurement and at least one pair of electric Z ultrasonic transducers with pulse Doppler flow measurement and flow time difference flow.
- Hardware means for providing pulse signals required for measurement for example, transmission / reception timing control unit and pulse generator power
- Doppler from received signal obtained from any transducer power including a pair of electric Z ultrasonic transducers
- a detection circuit for detecting a frequency, a first received signal obtained by transmitting an ultrasonic pulse to an upstream force downstream by a pair of transducers, and a second received signal obtained by transmitting an ultrasonic pulse to the downstream force upstream A conversion circuit that amplifies the signal and performs analog-to-digital conversion, and the detected Doppler frequency force Calculates, and characterized in that it comprises a control means for calculating the flow rate by the propagation time difference method from the output of the conversion circuitry.
- a second electric Z ultrasonic transducer dedicated to pulse Doppler flow measurement is further provided, and the hardware means includes a pair of electric Z ultrasonic transducer and the second electric Z ultrasonic transducer.
- a transmission noise signal is given to both the second electric Z ultrasonic transducer, and the detection circuit detects the Doppler frequency from the received signal obtained by the second electric Z ultrasonic transducer.
- the at least one pair of the electric Z ultrasonic transducers is only one pair, and the pulse signal output for the pulse Doppler method of the hardware means and the conversion of the pulse signal of the conversion means are provided. Further provided is a switch inserted between the input and one of the transducers of only one pair of electric Z ultrasonic transducers to connect the circuit only during the pulse Doppler measurement period, and the detection circuit outputs the signal from one of the transducers. The Doppler frequency is detected from the received signal which is the echo of the generated ultrasonic pulse.
- control means and the hardware means may cooperate with each other to switch between the pulse Doppler method, the propagation time difference method, and the simultaneous flow rate measurement mode in accordance with an external force command or signal.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention provides an ultrasonic flowmeter capable of performing switching between pulse Doppler flow measurement and propagation time difference flow measurement.
- This ultrasonic The flow meter has at least one pair of electric Z ultrasonic transducers required for flow time difference flow measurement and only one output terminal.From this output terminal, a pair of electric Z ultrasonic transducers have a propagation time difference.
- a pulse generation means that supplies a pulse signal required for flow measurement using the pulse method and generates and outputs a pulse signal required for flow measurement using the pulse Doppler method to one of a pair of ultrasonic transducers.
- any one transducer including an ultrasonic transducer a detection circuit that detects the Doppler frequency required for pulse Doppler flow calculation, and the above resources are used to obtain ultrasonic pulses from upstream to downstream Amplification of the first received signal and the second received signal obtained by transmitting the downstream ultrasonic pulse upstream and analog-to-digital conversion are enabled.
- Switching means transmission / reception timing control unit
- a detection circuit includes an amplifier in a preceding stage and a pair of analog Z digital conversions that respectively processes real part data and imaginary part data in a subsequent stage.
- a switching means is inserted immediately before a pair of analog-to-digital converters, and the circuit is connected only during the pulse Doppler measurement period, and the amplifier output is paired during the propagation time difference measurement period.
- a pair of bi-selective switch means connected to one input of the analog Z-to-digital converter, a common terminal is connected to the sole output terminal of the hardware means and an input terminal of the conversion means, and a pair of contacts is provided.
- Second switch means connected to each of only one pair of electric Z ultrasonic transducers is further provided, and the switching means controls switching between the pair of switch means and the second two-select switch means.
- the switching means controls switching between the pair of switch means and the second two-select switch means.
- the at least one pair of electric Z ultrasonic transducers is a plurality of pairs of transducers
- the second switch means is a plurality of double contacts.
- the plurality of double contacts are connected to the plurality of pairs of transducers in a one-to-one manner
- the switching means includes a switch for each of the plurality of pairs of transducers.
- the measurement period of the pulse Doppler system and the measurement period of the propagation time difference method are assigned to each pair, and for each pair, during the measurement period of the pulse Doppler system, the input of the amplifier is connected to one of the transducer pairs and the propagation time difference is measured.
- the second switch means is switched so that the amplifier and the transducer pair are connected according to the measurement algorithm of the propagation time difference method.
- control means and the switching means may cooperate to switch between the pulse Doppler method, the propagation time difference method, and the simultaneous flow measurement mode for both methods in response to a command or signal of an external force.
- FIG. 1A is a conceptual diagram illustrating the principle of flow measurement by a pulse Doppler method using ultrasonic waves.
- FIG. 1B is a conceptual diagram illustrating the principle of flow measurement by the pulse Doppler method using ultrasonic waves.
- FIG. 1C is a conceptual diagram illustrating the principle of flow measurement by a pulse Doppler method using ultrasonic waves.
- FIG. 2A is a conceptual diagram illustrating the principle of flow rate measurement by a transit time difference method using ultrasonic waves.
- FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating the principle of flow rate measurement by a transit time difference method using ultrasonic waves.
- FIG. 2C is a diagram illustrating the principle of flow rate measurement by a transit time difference method using ultrasonic waves.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a configuration of an ultrasonic flowmeter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a configuration of an ultrasonic flowmeter according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the operation.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of an ultrasonic flowmeter according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of the operation.
- FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of the operation.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of an ultrasonic flowmeter according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an example of a flow rate measurement operation of the propagation time difference method performed by the transmission norse generator 122, the transducers 11 lu and 11 Id, and the reception signal processing unit 140.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of an ultrasonic flowmeter according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing switch states and signal timings during a process of simultaneously performing both types of measurement operations in parallel according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of an ultrasonic flowmeter according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing states of switches SW1, SW3, and SW4 in the operation of the ultrasonic flowmeter 103 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15A is a schematic block diagram showing a configuration of an ultrasonic flowmeter according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement of the transducer in the ultrasonic flowmeter according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15C is a schematic sectional view showing an arrangement example of a transducer in the ultrasonic flowmeter according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing states of SW4.
- FIG. 3 shows an ultrasonic flow rate for implementing the ultrasonic flow rate measuring method according to one embodiment of the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of a structure of a meter.
- the ultrasonic flow meter is attached to a pipe 50 through which a fluid 51 to be measured flows, and includes a plurality of detectors 41 each including a piezoelectric element or the like functioning as an ultrasonic transceiver. , A detector 42, and a detector 43 (transducer section). That is, for example, each of the detector 41 and the detector 43 includes, as illustrated in FIG. 7, a piezoelectric element 40a that performs mutual conversion between an acoustic signal such as ultrasonic vibration and an electric signal, and the piezoelectric element 40a.
- the pair of detectors 41 and 42 are arranged on the opposite sides of the axis of the pipe 50 at positions that are shifted upstream and downstream in the flow direction of the fluid 51. It is located on the propagation path of the radiated ultrasonic wave.
- Z method Such a method of mounting the detector is abbreviated as “Z method” for convenience.
- the detector 43 is installed so that the ultrasonic wave radiating path passes through the central axis of the pipe 50 and is inclined downstream from the mounting position.
- the pair of detectors 41 and 42 are connected to the detector switching switch 15, the received signal amplification control unit 11, the AZD conversion unit 12, the propagation time calculation unit 13, and the flow rate calculation unit 14 via the detector switching switch 15. It is connected to a propagation time difference method unit 10 (first flow rate measurement unit) including a transmission pulse generation unit 31 and a transmission / reception timing control unit 32.
- the transmission pulse power output from the transmission pulse generation unit 31 in synchronization with the transmission start signal 32 a output from the transmission / reception timing control unit 32 is output via the detector switching switch 15.
- the ultrasonic wave is applied to one of the detectors 41 to oscillate the ultrasonic wave.
- the detector switch 15 is switched to the detector 42 side to receive the ultrasonic wave reaching the detector 42 and convert it into an electric signal.
- the AZD converter 12 amplifies the signal by inputting it to the received signal amplification controller 11, and further converts the received signal into digital signal in the AZD converter 12 in synchronization with the AZD sampling clock 32b output from the transmission / reception timing controller 32.
- the operation input to the arithmetic unit 13 is executed alternately by switching the transmitting side and the receiving side between the detectors 41 and 42 by the switching operation of the detector switching switch 15. [0045] Then, the propagation time calculation unit 13 calculates the fluid 51 based on the propagation delay time of the ultrasonic wave between the detector 41 and the detector 42 via the pipe 50 according to the measurement principle of Figs. 2A to 2C.
- the flow rate calculating section 14 performs an operation of calculating the flow rate force flow rate and outputting the calculated flow rate through the measurement value output switching switch 34.
- the detector 43 includes a reception signal amplification control unit 21, an AZD conversion unit 22, a flow velocity distribution calculation unit 23, an integration calculation unit 24, a transmission pulse generation unit 31 common to the propagation time difference method unit 10, and a transmission / reception timing. It is connected to the pulse Doppler system section 20 (second flow rate measurement section) comprising the control section 32.
- the transmission pulse power output from the transmission pulse generation section 31 is applied to the detector 43 in synchronization with the transmission start signal 32a output from the transmission / reception timing control section 32.
- the AZD sampling clock 32c output from the transmission / reception timing control unit 32 radiates ultrasonic waves into the pipe 50, and detects and amplifies echo waves reflected by bubbles and the like in the fluid 51 by the reception signal amplification control unit 21.
- the AZD conversion unit 22 converts the digital signal into a digital signal and inputs the digital signal to the flow velocity distribution calculation unit 23.
- the flow velocity distribution calculation unit 23 calculates the flow velocity distribution in the pipe 50 according to the principle illustrated in FIGS. 1A to 1C. Then, an operation of converting the flow rate into a flow rate and outputting the converted flow rate to the measured value output switching switch 34 is performed in the integration calculation section 24.
- a measurement value output switching switch 34 is provided, and through the measurement value output switching switch 34, the propagation time difference method unit 10 and the pulse The output of the Doppler system section 20 is selectively output.
- the measurement value output switching switch 34, the transmission pulse generation unit 31 and the transmission / reception timing control unit 32 provided in common to the propagation time difference method unit 10 and the pulse Doppler method unit 20
- the output selection signal 33a and the measurement method selection signal 33b control whether the above-described propagation time difference method unit 10 and pulse Doppler method unit 20 perform the operation of V and deviation, and the like.
- the measurement state data 13a and the measurement state data 23a are supplied to the measurement method switching control.
- the measurement method switching control unit 33 Based on this, a determination is made as to the force of the propagation time difference method unit 10 and the pulse Doppler method unit 20 to operate the shift or to operate in parallel.
- the operation states of the propagation time difference method unit 10 and the pulse Doppler method unit 20 are determined.
- the measurement method switching control unit 33 controls the propagation time difference method unit 10 and the pulse Doppler method unit 20 and the measurement value output changeover switch 34 to operate either the propagation time difference method unit 10 or the pulse Doppler method unit 20.
- the flow rate of the fluid 51 in the pipe 50 is measured while switching between flow detection and flow detection.Therefore, the advantages of the transit time difference method part 10 and the pulse Doppler method part 20 are combined, and there is no limit! Flow measurement can be performed with high accuracy.
- the measurement state data 23a indicates that the measurable range has been exceeded during measurement by the pulse Doppler system unit 20, or that measurement using an ultrasonic echo in which bubbles or impurities are present in the fluid 51 becomes impossible.
- the propagation time difference method unit 10 is activated, and the output of the measurement value output switch 34 is switched to the propagation time difference method unit 10 to continue the measurement.
- the measurement method switching control unit 33 grasps the state of the fluid 51 in the pipe 50 from each measurement result based on the measurement state data 13a and the measurement state data 23a, and outputs the output selection signal 33a Control of the transmission pulse generation unit 31 and transmission / reception timing control unit 32, and the switching control of the measurement value output switch 34 by the measurement method selection signal 33b, both the propagation time difference method unit 10 and the pulse Doppler method unit 20 To measure the flow rate in parallel with each other, or switch to the appropriate method, either the propagation time difference method part 10 or pulse Doppler method part 20, so that the measurement range is not affected by the state of the fluid 51. , And high measurement accuracy can be realized.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a configuration of an ultrasonic flowmeter according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the configuration of FIG. 4 is different from the configuration of FIG. 3 described above in that a detector switching switch 35 is arranged in front of the reception signal amplification control unit 21 of the pulse Doppler system unit 20, and a pair of detectors of the propagation time difference system unit 10 are used.
- 41 (first transducer section) and detector 42 (second transducer) This shows an example of reducing the number of detectors by sharing both the transducer section and the Norse Doppler section 20.
- one pair or both of the pair of detectors 41 and 42 used in the propagation time difference type unit 10 are connected to the pulse Doppler type unit 20 via the detector switching switch 35.
- the dedicated detector 43 is omitted from the Norse Doppler system unit 20, and the number of detectors is reduced from three in Fig. 3 to two.
- the pair of detectors 41 and 42 are shifted on the wall surfaces opposite to each other across the center axis of the pipe 50, and are shifted to the upstream side and the downstream side.
- the other detectors are located on the path of the ultrasonic wave radiated from each of the detector 41 and the detector 42.
- both of the pair of the detector 41 and the detector 42 are shared by the switching operation of the detector switching switch 35, as shown in FIG.
- the part from the center of the pipe to the pipe wall on the opposite side Is combined, By obtaining the flow velocity distribution over the entire pipe diameter, accurate flow measurement can be performed even for asymmetric flows.
- the flow velocity distribution calculation unit is configured to connect the detector switching switch 35 to the detector 41 side and detect the detected flow velocity distribution (the left half of FIG. 5). ) And a detector switching switch 35 connected to the detector 42 to calculate the detected flow velocity distribution (the right half in FIG. 5).
- the flow velocity distribution calculation section 23-1 or the flow velocity distribution calculation section 23-2 is selected by the selection signal 32d from the transmission / reception timing control section 32.
- an input switch 23-3 for switching whether to operate the shift.
- the flow velocity distribution calculation unit 23-1 is operated to operate the flow velocity distribution calculation unit 23-1 on the far side from the detector 41.
- the flow velocity distribution 51a in the cross-sectional area is measured and connected to the detector 42
- the flow velocity distribution 5lb in the half cross-sectional area on the far side of the detector 42 is measured, and the flow velocity distribution The flow rate is calculated based on the flow velocity distribution 51c of the entire cross-sectional area obtained by adding the flow velocity distributions of the calculation unit 23-1 (detector 41) and the flow velocity distribution calculation unit 23-2 (detector 42), and the flow rate is measured.
- Output is the flow velocity distribution 51c of the entire cross-sectional area obtained by adding the flow velocity distributions of the calculation unit 23-1 (detector 41) and the flow velocity distribution calculation unit 23-2 (detector 42), and the flow rate is measured.
- the pair of detectors 41 and 42 required for the propagation time difference method of the propagation time difference method unit 10 are connected to the detector switching switch 35.
- the pulse Doppler method unit 20 using the pulse Doppler method which reduces the accuracy of the flow velocity distribution measurement near the detector, which is a technical problem of the pulse Doppler method when a single detector is used. Is compensated for by adding the measurement data obtained by the detector 41 and the detector 42, thereby improving the measurement accuracy.
- the detector 42 ( Alternatively, by connecting the detector 41) to the propagation time difference method unit 10 and receiving the acoustic signal, the measurement of the flow rate distribution by the propagation time difference method unit 10 can be performed in parallel with the measurement processing on the side of the noise Doppler method unit 20. Can be done.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of an ultrasonic flowmeter according to still another embodiment of the present invention
- FIGS. 7 and 8 are conceptual diagrams illustrating an example of the operation thereof.
- a detector 41 is arranged on the same side of the pipe 50 in the axial direction on the downstream side, and a detector 42 is arranged on the upstream side.
- the propagation path force of the ultrasonic waves radiated from the detector 41 and the detector 42 crosses the central axis of the pipe 50 and is reflected on the opposite wall surface to form a V-shape.
- V method Such a method of arranging the detectors is abbreviated as “V method” for convenience.
- the propagation time difference method unit 10 transmits an ultrasonic wave from the detector 41, reflects the acoustic wave on the opposite wall surface, and enters the acoustic signal to the other detector 42. And the flow velocity distribution of the fluid 51 in the pipe 50 is measured.
- the detector 41 and the detector 41 are set by the detector switching switch 35.
- the detector 42 and the detector 42 an operation of measuring a flow velocity distribution as described later is performed.
- the flow velocity V (flow direction) of the fluid 51 is parallel to the axis of the pipe 50 as shown in FIG.
- the flow velocity is obtained by using the wave number f c V ⁇ 5 ⁇ ⁇ .
- the flow direction (flow velocity V) of the fluid 51 is parallel to the axial direction of the pipe 50.
- the flow velocity distribution a is given by equation (8), and the measured flow velocity value includes an error component: V-cos ⁇
- [Expression 9] -V ft -sin9 f + V ft - cose f ... 0) Therefore, as in the embodiment of FIG. 6, mounted at the detector 41 and detector 42 "V method" In such a case, both the pair of detectors 41 and 42 are shared by the propagation time difference method unit 10 and the pulse Doppler method unit 20, and the difference in the flow velocity distribution measured by each detector is obtained. This cancels the radial component V and calculates only the axial flow velocity distribution.
- the flow rate can be measured with high accuracy.
- the flow velocity distribution ⁇ of the equation (8) by one detector 41 and the flow velocity distribution ⁇ of the equation (9) by the other detector 42 are calculated by the pulse Doppler method.
- the pulse Doppler method part 20 of the pulse Doppler method and the pulse Doppler method part 20 of the propagation time difference method depend on the state of the fluid 51 flowing through the pipe 50.
- the flow rate measurement can be performed by parallel or switching the propagation time difference method sections 10, and the measurement accuracy and the measurable range can be improved.
- the number of necessary detectors is reduced, the product cost of the ultrasonic flow meter is reduced, and the installation work of the detectors is reduced. Simplified dangling can be realized.
- the pulse Doppler method unit 20 that requires at least one detector is shared by the pulse Doppler method unit 20 that requires at least one detector.
- the measurement of the flow rate by the pulse Doppler method when there is an asymmetric flow ⁇ radial component flow while suppressing the cost increase by combining the measurement results of multiple flow velocities measured using individual detectors Accuracy can be increased.
- the propagation time difference method and the pulse Doppler method are used as the flow rate detection method using ultrasonic waves.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the flow velocity of the fluid using ultrasonic waves may be used. Also, it can be widely applied to ultrasonic flow measurement technology for measuring flow.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of an ultrasonic flowmeter according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the ultrasonic flow meter 101 of the present invention has both a pulse Doppler type measurement system (110 + 130) and a propagation time difference type measurement system (111 + 140) to achieve pulse Doppler type flow measurement. It is possible to carry out flow rate measurement by the propagation time difference method in parallel.
- the ultrasonic flow meter 101 is an electric Z ultrasonic transducer (hereinafter, referred to as an ultrasonic transducer) that is attached to the outer wall of a pipe through which a fluid to be measured passes for performing pulse Doppler flow measurement.
- an ultrasonic transducer an electric Z ultrasonic transducer (hereinafter, referred to as an ultrasonic transducer) that is attached to the outer wall of a pipe through which a fluid to be measured passes for performing pulse Doppler flow measurement.
- 110 a pair of transducers 11 lu and 11 Id attached to opposing outer walls on the upstream and downstream sides of the pipe to perform flow time difference flow measurement
- the transmission / reception timing control unit 120 and the transmission / reception timing control unit 120 that control the timing of the transmission noise supplied to the above-described transducers 110 and 111 and the processing timing of the received signal from the transducer.
- a transmission pulse generator 122 generates a transmission pulse to the transducers 110 and 112 in accordance with the transmission activation signal of the transmitter.
- Transformer for formula measurement Received signal power from transducer 110 Doppler frequency detector 130 that detects the Doppler frequency, received signal processor 140 that processes the received signal from transducer 111 for measuring the propagation time difference method, The switch SW for switching, and the arithmetic control unit 150 that calculates the flow rate of the real part data and the imaginary part data from the Doppler frequency detection unit 130 and also calculates the flow rate from the data passed from the reception signal processing unit 140 .
- the arithmetic control unit 150 is a microcomputer including a CPU (Central Information Processing Unit) not shown, and typically operates under the control of a program stored in a ROM (Read Only Memory) to operate the ultrasonic flow meter. Controls the entire 101.
- the transmission / reception timing control unit 120 can be easily realized by using a power that can be configured by individual components, for example, PAL (programmable array logic).
- the Doppler frequency detector 130 includes an amplifier 131 for amplifying a signal from the transducer 110, a quadrature detector 132 having an input connected to the output of the amplifier 131, a quadrature detector 132, a real part data output and an imaginary part. It consists of a pair of filters 133 R and 1331 respectively connected to the data output, and a pair of analog Z digital (AZD) converters 134 R and 1341 connected to filters 133 R and 1331 respectively. Further, received signal processing section 140 includes amplifier 131P similar to amplifier 131 and AZD translator 134P.
- the arithmetic and control unit 150 sends a flow measurement start instruction MS to the transmission and reception timing control unit 120.
- the transmission / reception timing control unit 120 outputs the transmission pulse TD for pulse Doppler measurement and the first transmission pulse for propagation time difference measurement (that is, for example, a transmission pulse given to the upstream transducer 11 lu) TP1.
- An instruction to transmit is given to the transmission pulse generator 122, and the transmission pulse generator 122 immediately transmits and outputs the transmission pulses TD and TP1.
- the pulse Doppler flow measurement and the propagation time difference flow measurement are started simultaneously.
- the flow rate calculation process of the pulse Doppler method performed by the Doppler frequency detection unit 130 and the arithmetic control unit 150 may be performed by any flow rate calculation method including a flow rate calculation method to be devised in the future, as well as a conventional method. .
- the flow rate calculation processing of the propagation time difference method performed by the reception signal processing unit 140 and the arithmetic control unit 150 not only uses the conventional method but also the flow method to be devised in the future. Any flow rate calculation method may be used, including the amount calculation method.
- the pulse Doppler flow measurement when a transmission pulse TD is applied to the transducer 110, an ultrasonic signal is transmitted from the transducer 110 into the pipe, and this echo is converted into an electric signal by the transducer 110. Which is extracted from the transducer 110 as a received signal RD.
- the received signal RD is input to the Doppler frequency detector 130, where the Doppler frequency is detected.
- the arithmetic control unit 150 calculates the flow velocity distribution and the flow rate based on the data received from the Doppler frequency detection unit 130.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an example of the flow rate measurement operation of the transmission time difference method performed by the transmission pulse generator 122, the transducers 11 lu and 11 Id, and the reception signal processing unit 140.
- the common terminal of the switch SW is connected to the contact a (step 202), and the transmission pulse generator 122 transmits the first transmission pulse TP1 (step 204).
- an ultrasonic pulse is output from the upstream transducer 11 lu to the downstream transducer 11 Id (step 206).
- the common terminal of the switch SW is connected to the contact b (step 208), the reception signal RP1 from the transducer 11 Id is sampled at predetermined intervals by the reception signal processing unit 140, and AZD conversion is performed. This is passed to the arithmetic and control unit 150 (step 210). After the AZD conversion is completed (step 212), the transmission pulse generator 122 transmits the second transmission pulse TP2 (step 214). As a result, an ultrasonic pulse is output from the downstream transducer 11Id to the upstream transducer 11lu (step 216).
- the common terminal of the switch SW is connected to the contact a again (step 218), and the received signal RP2 from the transducer 11 lu is sampled at predetermined intervals by the received signal processing unit 140 and subjected to AZD conversion.
- the result is passed to the arithmetic and control unit 150 (step 220).
- the AZD conversion is completed (step 222)
- the flow velocity and the flow rate are calculated based on the data received from the reception signal processing unit 140.
- the ultrasonic flow meter 101 in FIG. 9 is completely equipped with a pulse Doppler measurement system (1 10 + 130) and a propagation time difference measurement system (111 + 140). Therefore, it is possible to perform the pulse Doppler flow measurement and the propagation time difference flow measurement at the same time.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of an ultrasonic flowmeter according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the ultrasonic flow meter 102 according to the present embodiment has a switch SW1 added instead of the transducer 110 for pulse Doppler measurement being removed, the switch SW is replaced with SW2, and the transmission / reception timing control unit has a It is the same as the ultrasonic flow meter 101 in FIG. Therefore, only the differences will be described.
- the contacts “a” and “b” of the switch SW2 instead of the switch SW are also connected to the contacts “a” and “b” of the switch SW1, respectively.
- the common terminal of the switch SW1 is connected to the input terminal of the transmission signal TD output terminal and Doppler frequency detector 130 of the transmission pulse generator 12 2.
- the a contacts of the switches SW1 and SW2 are connected to the upstream transducer 11 lu, and the b contacts of the switches SW1 and SW2 are connected to the downstream transducer 11 Id.
- the Doppler frequency detection unit 130 and the reception signal processing unit 140 are combined, and the pair of transducers 11 lu and 11 Id are used for measurement of the propagation time difference method. Signal switching by switch SW1 is necessary so that it can be used for Doppler flow measurement.
- the arithmetic and control unit 150 sends a flow measurement start instruction MS to the transmission and reception timing control unit 120a.
- the transmission / reception timing control unit 120a gives an instruction to the transmission pulse generator 122 to transmit a transmission pulse TD (TP1) shared by the Norse Doppler method and the propagation time difference method to the transmission pulse generator 122.
- the generator 122 immediately transmits and outputs the transmission pulse TD and TP1.
- pulse Doppler flow measurement and propagation time difference flow measurement are started simultaneously.
- the transmission / reception timing control unit 120a connects the common terminal of the switch SW1 to the contact a as an initial setting (hereinafter, simply referred to as “switching the switch SW1 to the a side”), and sets the switch SW2 to the b side. Switch to.
- the transmission signal TD and TP1 are output from the transmission pulse generator 122.
- this signal is supplied to the upstream transducer 11 lu from the contact a of the switch SW1 (hereinafter simply referred to as “SWla”).
- SWla the upstream transducer 11 lu from the contact a of the switch SW1
- the received signal RP1 sensed and converted by the downstream transducer ll ld is supplied from the switch SW2 to the input terminal of the received signal processing unit 140 via the contact SW2b, and is used for flow rate measurement by the propagation time difference method. .
- the ultrasonic pulse returned to the transducer 11 lu is converted into an electric signal to become a received signal RD, which is supplied from the switch SW1 to the input terminal of the Doppler frequency detection unit 130 via the contact a of the switch SW1. Used for pulse Doppler flow calculation.
- the transmission / reception timing control unit 120a switches the switch SW1 to the b side and switches the switch SW2 to the a side.
- the transmission pulse generator 122 generates a transmission signal TD for pulse Doppler measurement (this also serves as a second transmission signal TP2 used in flow rate measurement using the propagation time difference method).
- the signal TD is output as an ultrasonic pulse from the transducer 11 Id. This ultrasonic pulse is converted into an electric signal by the transducer 11 lu on the upstream side and becomes a received signal RP2.
- the reception signal RP2 is supplied from the switch SW2 to the input terminal of the reception signal processing unit 140 via the contact a of the switch SW2, and is used together with the above-described RP1 for the flow rate calculation of the propagation time difference method.
- the ultrasonic pulse output from the transducer 11 Id is scattered by bubbles in the fluid, and a part of the scattered wave returns to the transducer 11 Id as an echo and is switched as an echo signal of the transmission pulse TD.
- the signal is supplied to the Doppler frequency detection unit 130 via the contact b of SW1.
- the measurement by the Norse Doppler method is performed twice in one measurement cycle, but may be performed only once.
- the transmission noise generator 122 only needs to have a function of generating one kind of pulse in order to perform both methods simultaneously and in parallel.
- the transmission pulse generator 122 is connected to the output terminal of the pulse Doppler system and the output terminal of the propagation time difference system. The terminals are shown.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of an ultrasonic flowmeter according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- the ultrasonic flow meter 103 of the present embodiment has the switch SW2 and the reception signal processing unit 140 removed, the transmission / reception timing control unit is replaced by 120a to 120b, and the transmission pulse generator is replaced by 122.
- the ultrasonic flowmeter 102 in FIG. 11 except that the ultrasonic flowmeter 102 is replaced by 122a and the Doppler frequency detector is further replaced by 130 to 130a. Therefore, only the differences will be described.
- the Doppler frequency detector 130a has the same configuration as that of the switch 133 except that the switch SW3 is inserted between the filter 133R and the A / D converter 134R and the switch SW4 is inserted between the filter 1331 and the AZD converter 134. This is the same as the Doppler frequency detector 130.
- the amplifier and the AZD converter of the Doppler frequency detector are used for both the pulse Doppler method and the propagation time difference method. Therefore, both types of measurement signal processing cannot be performed simultaneously and in parallel.However, either type can be selected alternately, or either type can be selected by a switching instruction from a higher-level system such as a microcomputer, and flow measurement can be performed. Can be performed.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing the states of switches SW1, SW3, and SW4 in the operation of ultrasonic flow meter 103 of the present embodiment.
- all the switches SW1, SW3 and SW4 are switched to the a side.
- the circuit composed of the transducer ll lu, the switch SW1, and the Doppler frequency detector 130a becomes the same as the circuit composed of the transducer 110 and the Doppler frequency detector 130 in FIG. This indicates that pulse Doppler measurement is possible.
- the switches SW3 and SW4 are switched to the a side and the switch SW1 is switched to the b side, pulse Doppler measurement using the downstream transducer 11 Id becomes possible. You.
- both switches SW3 and SW4 may be switched to the b side.
- the circuit consisting of switch SW1, amplifier 131, switch SW4, and AZD converter 1341 is the same as the circuit consisting of switch SW, amplifier 131P, and A / D converter 134P in Fig. 9; You can see that it is possible.
- the switching control is performed on the switch SW1 in exactly the same manner as the switch SW of FIG.
- SW3 is not required for the switch function, it is desirable to make the signal paths to the AZD converters of the sine and cosine components after the quadrature detection equal, so they are shown in this embodiment.
- FIG. 15A is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of an ultrasonic flowmeter according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- the transmission / reception timing control unit is replaced by 120b to 120c
- the switch SW1 is replaced by a 6-contact alternative switch SWla
- the transducer pairs 112 and 113 are added. Except for this point, it is the same as the ultrasonic flow meter 103 in FIG. Therefore, only the differences will be described.
- the pair of transducers 111, 112 and 113 are arranged at substantially equal intervals around the pipe.
- 6-contact selection switch SWIOla is a switch with one common terminal and 6 contacts.
- switch SWla considers the partial switches SWl-11, SW1-12 and SW1-13 for transducer pairs 111, 112 and 113 to be integral.
- the contact connected to the transducer on the upstream side of the partial switch SW1-11 is represented as SW1-1 lu
- the contact connected to the transducer on the downstream side is represented as SW1-1 Id.
- pulse Doppler measurement and propagation time difference measurement are performed on each of the transducer pairs 111, 112, and 113.
- both SW3 and SW4 are switched to the a side, and switch SW1-T is switched to, for example, the SWl-Tu side.
- the circuit composed of the upstream-side transducer Tu, the switch SWla, and the Doppler frequency detector 130a is the same as the circuit composed of the transducer 110 and the Doppler frequency detector 130 in FIG. It can be seen that is possible.
- Doppler measurement is possible even when the switch SW1-T is switched to the SW1-Td side and the downstream transducer Td is used.
- both switches SW3 and SW4 may be switched to the b side.
- the circuit consisting of switch SW1-T, amplifier 131, switch SW4 and A / D converter 1341 becomes the same as the circuit consisting of switch SW, amplifier 131P and AZD converter 134P in Fig. It is clear that is possible.
- the switching control exactly the same as the switch SW in Fig. 10 is performed on the switch SW1-T (however, u and d for distinguishing the contacts correspond to a and b, respectively). Do).
- the echo signal force due to the first transmission pulse of each measurement period using the transducer 11 lu is measured by the pulse Doppler method. Echo signal power is also pulsed You can also do the puller measurement.
- the switching method of the power type which is an example in which the pulse Doppler method and the propagation time difference method are alternately switched, may be considered in various other ways.
- the operation control unit 150a can receive a method switching command or signal from the outside (for example, from a user or a higher-level system), and the operation control unit 150a responds to this method switching command or signal by controlling the transmission / reception timing.
- the unit 120b may switch the method.
- the operation control unit 150 receives the system switching command or signal from the host system), and in response to the system switching command or signal, the operation control unit 150a sends the transmission / reception timing control unit the pulse Doppler system and the propagation time difference.
- the method and the flow measurement mode for both methods may be switched at the same time.
- the present invention it is possible to measure the flow rate of a fluid over a wide range and with high accuracy without being affected by the state of the fluid such as the flow rate and the amount of bubbles.
- both types of flow measurement can be performed, so that high-precision measurement can be performed over a wide range of flow velocity. Flow rate measurement becomes possible.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (4)
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US10/590,393 US7437948B2 (en) | 2004-02-26 | 2005-02-24 | Ultrasonic flowmeter and ultrasonic flow rate measurement method |
EP05719456.5A EP1719980B1 (en) | 2004-02-26 | 2005-02-24 | Ultrasonic flowmeter and ultrasonic flow rate measurement method |
JP2006510441A JP4544247B2 (ja) | 2004-02-26 | 2005-02-24 | 超音波流量計および超音波流量測定方法 |
CA2557432A CA2557432C (en) | 2004-02-26 | 2005-02-24 | Ultrasonic flowmeter and ultrasonic flow rate measurement method |
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JP2004052348 | 2004-02-26 | ||
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US (1) | US7437948B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1719980B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4544247B2 (ja) |
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US20070220995A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
CA2557432C (en) | 2012-09-04 |
JPWO2005083370A1 (ja) | 2007-11-22 |
US7437948B2 (en) | 2008-10-21 |
EP1719980B1 (en) | 2017-05-03 |
EP1719980A1 (en) | 2006-11-08 |
JP4544247B2 (ja) | 2010-09-15 |
CA2557432A1 (en) | 2005-09-09 |
EP1719980A4 (en) | 2008-03-05 |
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