WO2005076674A1 - Commutateur de phase et accelerateur lineaire a onde stationnaire equipe du commutateur - Google Patents
Commutateur de phase et accelerateur lineaire a onde stationnaire equipe du commutateur Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005076674A1 WO2005076674A1 PCT/CN2004/000502 CN2004000502W WO2005076674A1 WO 2005076674 A1 WO2005076674 A1 WO 2005076674A1 CN 2004000502 W CN2004000502 W CN 2004000502W WO 2005076674 A1 WO2005076674 A1 WO 2005076674A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cavity
- acceleration
- coupling
- phase switch
- cavities
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H9/00—Linear accelerators
- H05H9/04—Standing-wave linear accelerators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a phase switch and a standing wave electron linear accelerator using the same, and more particularly to a phase switch capable of stably operating in a ⁇ / 2 mode and a medical standing wave electron linear accelerator using the same.
- the electrons are accelerated to a speed very close to the speed of light (energy of about 1-1.5 MeV), and in the later section of light speed, the electrons continue to be accelerated on the wave to more speed. High energy.
- the performance of the final output electron beam is largely determined by the relationship between the field strength and the phase velocity in the beam segment. While phase velocity is a structural parameter, field strength varies with power. As the power decreases, the energy of the electrons decreases. When the power is reduced to a certain value, the relationship between the field strength and the phase velocity in the focusing section deviates far from the design value, the performance of the output electron beam is seriously deteriorated, the capture is greatly reduced, and the accelerator cannot work normally.
- phase switch to regulate the energy. Assume that the final output electron beam energy of the accelerator is 18 MeV, and a phase switch is placed at the electron energy reaching 12 MeV. When the phase switch is operated, the acceleration section behind it is inverted and the phase is changed by 180 degrees. The electrons are no longer accelerated. Instead, it is decelerated and the energy is reduced from 12 MeV to 6 MeV. Since the relationship between the field strength and the phase velocity in the beam segment is unchanged in these two states, the 6 MeV electron beam has the same performance as the 18 MeV electron beam.
- patent application US 4,629,938 is more Has been used in its production of medical accelerators.
- Tsinghua University's patent CN 1,237,079A is similar to the above patented technology, but it is used for the shaft-coupled standing wave structure, while Varian's is used for the side-coupled structure.
- Patent 6 (US 6,366,021 A) is the latest. The above-mentioned several patents are the adjustment mechanism in one coupling cavity.
- Elekta's patent application PCT / GB00 / 03004 attempts to use an axis perpendicular to the axis of the accelerator Cylindrical coupling cavity (usually the axis of the coupling cavity is parallel to the accelerator) to achieve phase inversion. It works in the TE m polarization mode. Through the polarization plane of the mechanical rotation mode, it achieves the purpose of continuously adjusting its relative coupling with the adjacent acceleration cavity, and even the phase inversion. However, as described in the patent application specification, when the polarization plane is rotated, the frequency of the cylindrical coupling cavity will change, which affects the performance and stability of the structure.
- the present invention provides a phase switch capable of realizing simple energy conversion, precise positioning without an adjustment mechanism, and a structure that stably operates in the ⁇ / 2 mode, and a medical standing wave electron using the same Linear Accelerator.
- a phase switch for coupling to a standing wave electron linear accelerator in an edge coupling structure.
- the accelerator includes a plurality of acceleration cavities arranged side by side in a straight line, and the phase switch is disposed in the A predetermined set of two accelerating cavities among a plurality of accelerating cavities, wherein the phase switch is composed of a three-cavity system and a separate single coupling cavity; the phase switch works in a normal state and flips In a normal state, the three-cavity system is detuned, only the single coupling cavity is in an operating state, and acceleration fields are present in two acceleration cavities before and after the phase switch is coupled; The single coupling cavity is detuned, only the three-S air system is in a working state, the acceleration cavity in the former acceleration cavity coupled to the phase switch is the acceleration cavity, and the acceleration cavity in the latter acceleration cavity is coupled to the phase switch. It is a deceleration cavity, that is, when the switch switches between these two states, the phase of the
- a standing wave electron linear accelerator comprising: a plurality of acceleration cavities arranged side by side in a straight line; and at least one phase switch as described above, wherein the entire structure of the electronic linear accelerator is The structures including the phase switches all work in a ⁇ / 2 mode.
- phase switch and the electronic linear accelerator according to the present invention it is possible to fundamentally solve the problems of insufficient structural performance and working stability, ignition, low coupling efficiency, low flexibility, and precision required in the prior art described above. Many problems such as positioning reset. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
- the drawings include- Figures 1A and 1B respectively show the structure of a phase switch according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the field distribution in the acceleration cavity on its two sides, and the phase switch is now in a state called a normal state; 2A and 2B respectively show the structure of the phase switch according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the field distribution in the acceleration cavity on its two sides.
- the phase switch is now in another state called an inversion state ⁇ , also called an inversion state. Turn state '1';
- 3A and 3B respectively show another arrangement of a phase switch and a field distribution in an acceleration cavity thereof according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- This arrangement is particularly suitable for an X-band accelerator
- 4A and 3B respectively show a phase switch and a field distribution in an acceleration cavity thereof according to a third embodiment of the present invention
- 5A and 5B show a phase switch according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows a phase switch according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1A and 1B show a state of a phase switch according to a first embodiment of the present invention, also called a normal state '0', and a field distribution in an acceleration cavity on both sides of the phase switch.
- reference numerals 101 and 102 are acceleration cavities
- reference numeral 103 is a single coupling cavity in the phase switch
- reference numerals 104 and 106 are end coupling cavities
- reference numeral 105 is a side-pass acceleration cavity
- reference numerals 107, 108, 109, and 116 are all used.
- an electron accelerator usually includes a plurality of (a least Two) 3 ⁇ 4 3 lines of accelerating cavity aligned with each other.
- Adjacent acceleration chambers 101 and 102 communicate with each other through a coupling unit (a phase switch composed of a three-cavity system 104, 105, 106 and a single coupling cavity 103 in the present invention), so that the entire electronic acceleration system becomes a whole.
- the coupling between the coupling unit and the acceleration cavities 101 and 102 is realized through a coupling slit.
- the coupling unit can be arranged at any position on the side of the adjacent acceleration cavities 101 and 102, as long as it can connect the adjacent acceleration cavities and meet the design requirements for the edge coupling structure of the electron accelerator.
- the coupling unit may be disposed at the top, bottom, or both sides of an adjacent acceleration cavity.
- the phase switch according to the first embodiment of the present invention is composed of a three-cavity system (an end coupling cavity 104, a side acceleration cavity 105, and an end coupling cavity 106) and a separate single coupling cavity 103, as shown in FIG. 1A.
- the three-cavity system (end-coupling cavity 104, side-through acceleration cavity 105, and end-coupling cavity 106) is disposed at the bottom end of the acceleration cavity. parallel.
- the two end coupling cavities 104 and 106 are respectively coupled to the acceleration cavities 101 and 102 through two coupling slits provided thereon.
- the single coupling cavity 103 is disposed on the top of the acceleration cavity.
- the single coupling cavity 103 is coupled to the acceleration cavities 101 and 102 through two coupling slits provided thereon, and its axis is parallel to the acceleration cavities 101 and 102.
- FIG. 1A shows the state W, that is, the three-cavity system (the end coupling cavity 104 + the side acceleration cavity 105 + the end coupling cavity 106) is detuned, and the single coupling cavity 103 works.
- a state of the phase switch is shown, which is also called a normal state.
- detuning members 108 and 109 are provided on the sides opposite to the side-through acceleration cavity 105, respectively.
- the axes are parallel.
- a detuning member 107 is also provided on any one of the sides of the single coupling cavity 103 perpendicular to the accelerator axis.
- the three-cavity system (the end coupling cavity 104 + the side acceleration cavity 105 + the end coupling cavity 106) is completely detuned, and at this time, the single coupling cavity 103
- the detuning component 107 in the middle is completely removed from the cavity, and the entire structure accelerates electrons to high energy like a normal acceleration structure.
- the single coupling cavity is in a working state, there are no contact parts therein, and there is no radio frequency breakdown problem.
- the field is very weak and does not cause RF breakdown.
- FIG. 2A another state of the phase switch is shown, which is also called a reverse state '1'.
- the three-cavity system (the end-coupling cavity 104, the side acceleration cavity 105, and the end-coupling cavity 106) works, and the single-coupling cavity 103 is detuned.
- the detuning component 107 is completely moved into the cavity, the single coupling cavity 103 is completely detuned, and the three-cavity system (the end coupling cavity 104, the side acceleration cavity 105, and the end coupling cavity 106) is in a working state.
- the radio frequency field reaches the next acceleration cavity 102 from the acceleration cavity 101 through the three-cavity system (the end coupling cavity 104, the side-through acceleration cavity 105, and the end coupling cavity 106). Since the three-cavity system (end-coupling cavity 104, side-through acceleration cavity 105, and end-coupling cavity 106) also operates in ⁇ / 2 mode, additional ⁇ phase shift, the phase of the field is reversed (relative to the normal state '0') in the acceleration section following it, and the electrons are decelerated therein. When the system is symmetrically designed, the field strengths on both sides of the system remain uniform, whether in the normal state or the reversed state, as shown in the field strength distribution diagrams in Figures 1B and 2B.
- the field distribution in the figure is the field distribution and field direction in the accelerating cavity at a certain moment, not the field encountered by the electron in each cavity.
- FIG. 1A the field directions in the two acceleration cavities are shown to be opposite, since the electrons transition from the acceleration cavity 101 to the acceleration cavity 102, the field direction in the acceleration cavity 102 has changed by ⁇ Therefore, the field directions encountered by the electrons in the acceleration S-space 101 and the acceleration cavity 102 are the same, that is, they are both acceleration fields, which is known and understood by those skilled in the art.
- the invention is self-explanatory in terms of physical concepts.
- the switch switches between these two states, the phase of the field strength in the acceleration section behind the phase switch changes.
- the entire structure works in ⁇ / 2 mode. Therefore, the accelerator can work stably in both states of the switch. This is particularly important for medical accelerators.
- the two patents with phase inversion function mentioned above, US 4, 286, 192 A and PCT / GB00 / 03004 fail to do this.
- switching from one position of the switch to another unlike the two patents mentioned above, requires the switching mechanism to ensure accurate positioning, because the switching mechanism (detune components 107-109) in the present invention only plays a role Detune single-coupling or triple-cavity systems.
- the magnetron works in a low power state, the repetition frequency can be greatly increased to increase the output for imaging applications. This result offers an attractive prospect.
- a standing wave accelerator tube with a length of about 30 cm is manufactured.
- an electron beam of 6 MeV is output for treatment, and when the phase switch is switched to a reverse state of '1', 100-150 KeV is output.
- the targets of the two sources are almost at the same location. Realize "Image Guided Radiotherapy” (IGRT) A revolution in radiation therapy.
- IGRT Image Guided Radiotherapy
- Fig. 3A shows another arrangement of a phase switch according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- This arrangement is particularly suitable for an X-band accelerator.
- reference numeral 110 is a drift space
- reference numeral 111 is a focusing or deflecting element.
- the phase switch is usually located, the energy of the electron is already very high and very relativistic.
- a drift space 110 having a length of ⁇ / 2 can be placed, and a focusing or deflecting element 111 can be set in the drift space as required.
- This arrangement provides more vertical space for the phase switch. As far as phase switching is concerned, the two arrangements are no different. But in terms of accelerator operation, the effects of the two states of the phase switch are exactly the opposite.
- This arrangement is particularly suitable for X-band accelerators.
- the length of the drift space can be increased to ⁇ , 3 ⁇ / 2 ⁇ as required.
- Fig. 3B shows a field intensity distribution in another arrangement of the phase switch according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4A shows a phase switch according to a third embodiment of the present invention. It is assumed that ⁇ 1 is the coupling coefficient of the acceleration cavity 101 and the end coupling cavity 104 in the phase switch, ⁇ 2 is the coupling coefficient of the end coupling cavity 104 and the side-pass acceleration cavity 105, and ⁇ 3 is the coupling of the side-pass acceleration cavity 105 and the end-coupling cavity 106. coefficient, ⁇ 4 is coupled to the coupling coefficient and the cavity 106 of the accelerating cavities 102, ⁇ 5 to 101 and a single-phase switches accelerating cavities coupling coefficient of coupling cavities 103,! 6 is a coupling coefficient of the single coupling cavity 103 and the acceleration cavity 102.
- the field strength in the subsequent acceleration section can be increased or decreased according to design requirements. For example, if i 4 is larger than ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 is equal to ⁇ 3, the field strength in the subsequent acceleration segment will decrease when the phase is reversed, as shown in the field strength distribution diagram in FIG. 4B.
- ⁇ 5 and ⁇ 6 can be changed. For example, if ⁇ 6 is larger than ⁇ 5, the field strength in the subsequent acceleration segment will be reduced when the phase is reversed.
- phase switch Since there are four parameters ( ⁇ , ⁇ 2, i3, and ⁇ 4) that can be adjusted, a considerable field strength adjustment can be obtained. It should be particularly emphasized that the two functions of the phase switch, that is, phase change ⁇ and field strength adjustment, are completely independent, and the structure always works in ⁇ / 2 mode regardless of the increase or decrease of the field strength in the subsequent acceleration section.
- Reference numeral 112 is a coupling slit between the end-coupling cavity 104 and the side-coupling cavity 105 in the phase switch
- reference numeral 113 is a coupling slit between the side-coupling cavity 105 and the end-coupling cavity 106.
- the arrangement of the three-cavity system (the end coupling cavity 104, the side acceleration 3 105, and the end coupling cavity 106) may be changed appropriately.
- Figures 5 and 6 show two different embodiments.
- FIG. 5 shows an arrangement of the present invention that is closer to the actual application, wherein FIG. 5A is a side view according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along a dotted line AA ′.
- the components used for the detune cavity are not shown in Figures 5A and 5B.
- a three-cavity system (the end coupling cavity 104, the side-through acceleration cavity 105, and the end coupling cavity 106) is disposed at the top of the acceleration cavities 101 and 102, and the single coupling cavity 103 is disposed At the bottom ends of the acceleration chambers 101 and 102.
- the three-cavity system (the end ⁇ Yu cavity 104, the side acceleration cavity 105, and the end coupling cavity 106) in this embodiment has different arrangements.
- the axis of the side acceleration cavity 105 in the three-cavity system is set on a plane slightly higher than the axis of the two end coupling cavities 104 and 106, and the two end coupling cavities 104 and 106 Then the axis of the acceleration cavity is used as the axis staggered from each other by a certain angle.
- the axis of the side-through acceleration cavity 105 is higher than the height of the end coupling cavities 104 and 106 and the angle at which the two end coupling cavities 104 and 106 are staggered from each other, those skilled in the art are fully capable of designing and selecting according to specific applications.
- a three-cavity system (the end coupling cavity 104, the side acceleration cavity 105, and the end coupling cavity 106) is provided at the top of the acceleration cavity 101 and 102,
- the single coupling cavity 103 is disposed at the bottom ends of the acceleration cavities 101 and 102.
- the three-cavity system (the end coupling cavity 104, the side acceleration 3 ⁇ 4 105, and the end coupling cavity 106) in this embodiment has different arrangements.
- the axis of the side acceleration cavity 105 in the three-cavity system is disposed on a plane higher than the axis of the two end coupling cavities 104 and 106, and the side acceleration cavity 105 is disposed on the bottom surface thereof.
- the coupling slots 112 and 113 on the side the coupling slots 104 and 106 are coupled.
- an additional detuning component 116 is provided to detune the bypass cavity 105.
- This phase switch can also be applied to shaft-coupled standing wave structures.
- the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the description of these specific embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present application, those skilled in the art can make other changes, changes, or applications, but these are all within the scope of the present application.
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- Particle Accelerators (AREA)
Description
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04733523A EP1715730A1 (en) | 2004-02-01 | 2004-05-18 | A phase switch and a standing wave linear accelerator with the phase switch |
US11/496,733 US7397206B2 (en) | 2004-02-01 | 2006-07-31 | Phase switch and a standing wave linear accelerator with the phase switch |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CNB2004100217630A CN100358397C (zh) | 2004-02-01 | 2004-02-01 | 相位(能量)开关-驻波电子直线加速器 |
CN200410021763.0 | 2004-02-01 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/496,733 Continuation US7397206B2 (en) | 2004-02-01 | 2006-07-31 | Phase switch and a standing wave linear accelerator with the phase switch |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005076674A1 true WO2005076674A1 (fr) | 2005-08-18 |
Family
ID=34832072
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CN2004/000502 WO2005076674A1 (fr) | 2004-02-01 | 2004-05-18 | Commutateur de phase et accelerateur lineaire a onde stationnaire equipe du commutateur |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7397206B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1715730A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100358397C (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2005076674A1 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
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CN103260332A (zh) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-08-21 | 山东新华医疗器械股份有限公司 | 一种交叉耦合驻波加速管 |
CN105555009A (zh) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-05-04 | 中国科学技术大学 | 一种轴上电耦合驻波加速管的能量开关 |
CN105764230A (zh) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-07-13 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | 加速管、加速带电粒子的方法以及医用直线加速器 |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8552667B2 (en) * | 2011-03-14 | 2013-10-08 | Elekta Ab (Publ) | Linear accelerator |
CN103179774A (zh) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-26 | 绵阳高新区双峰科技开发有限公司 | 边耦合腔结构以及驻波电子直线加速器 |
DE102012219726B3 (de) * | 2012-10-29 | 2014-03-13 | Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Linearbeschleunigers und nach diesem Verfahren betriebener Linearbeschleuniger |
CN104188679B (zh) * | 2014-09-25 | 2016-08-17 | 山东新华医疗器械股份有限公司 | 一种同源双束医用加速器 |
CN105611712B (zh) * | 2014-11-03 | 2018-08-03 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | 加速管及其控制方法、加速管控制器和放射治疗系统 |
CN105636330B (zh) * | 2014-11-03 | 2018-08-03 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | 加速管及其控制方法、加速管控制器和放射治疗系统 |
CN105813368A (zh) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-07-27 | 中广核中科海维科技发展有限公司 | 一种复合式同源双束加速管能量开关 |
CN106132064B (zh) * | 2016-08-17 | 2018-11-06 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | 加速管以及具有该加速管的直线加速器 |
CN106455289B (zh) * | 2016-11-14 | 2018-08-03 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | 驻波加速管具有该驻波加速管的加速器 |
CN107613627B (zh) * | 2017-09-07 | 2021-06-22 | 上海联影医疗科技股份有限公司 | 一种驻波直线加速管 |
US10750607B2 (en) | 2018-12-11 | 2020-08-18 | Aet, Inc. | Compact standing-wave linear accelerator structure |
GB2599907A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-04-20 | Elekta ltd | Waveguide for a linear accelerator and method of operating a linear accelerator |
CN112798873B (zh) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-10-28 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | 一种用于耦合腔加速结构的端耦合腔测量装置及端耦合腔测量方法 |
WO2024026554A1 (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2024-02-08 | Huawei Technologies Canada Co., Ltd. | Waveguide coupler with self-contained polarization rotation for integrated waveguides, circuits, and systems |
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US4746839A (en) * | 1985-06-14 | 1988-05-24 | Nec Corporation | Side-coupled standing-wave linear accelerator |
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US5821694A (en) * | 1996-05-01 | 1998-10-13 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method and apparatus for varying accelerator beam output energy |
GB2334139B (en) * | 1998-02-05 | 2001-12-19 | Elekta Ab | Linear accelerator |
CN1102829C (zh) * | 1999-06-25 | 2003-03-05 | 清华大学 | 轴耦合驻波加速管的能量开关 |
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2004
- 2004-02-01 CN CNB2004100217630A patent/CN100358397C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-18 WO PCT/CN2004/000502 patent/WO2005076674A1/zh active Application Filing
- 2004-05-18 EP EP04733523A patent/EP1715730A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-07-31 US US11/496,733 patent/US7397206B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US4746839A (en) * | 1985-06-14 | 1988-05-24 | Nec Corporation | Side-coupled standing-wave linear accelerator |
JPS63274098A (ja) * | 1987-05-01 | 1988-11-11 | Toshiba Corp | 定在波形線形加速器 |
US5381072A (en) * | 1992-02-25 | 1995-01-10 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Linear accelerator with improved input cavity structure and including tapered drift tubes |
US6316876B1 (en) * | 1998-08-19 | 2001-11-13 | Eiji Tanabe | High gradient, compact, standing wave linear accelerator structure |
JP2000243599A (ja) * | 1999-02-19 | 2000-09-08 | Aet Japan:Kk | 高電界小形定在波線形加速器 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103260332A (zh) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-08-21 | 山东新华医疗器械股份有限公司 | 一种交叉耦合驻波加速管 |
CN105555009A (zh) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-05-04 | 中国科学技术大学 | 一种轴上电耦合驻波加速管的能量开关 |
CN105764230A (zh) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-07-13 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | 加速管、加速带电粒子的方法以及医用直线加速器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1649469A (zh) | 2005-08-03 |
CN100358397C (zh) | 2007-12-26 |
US20070096664A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
EP1715730A1 (en) | 2006-10-25 |
US7397206B2 (en) | 2008-07-08 |
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