WO2005040667A1 - Device for storage and transport of liquefied natural gas - Google Patents

Device for storage and transport of liquefied natural gas Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005040667A1
WO2005040667A1 PCT/NO2004/000328 NO2004000328W WO2005040667A1 WO 2005040667 A1 WO2005040667 A1 WO 2005040667A1 NO 2004000328 W NO2004000328 W NO 2004000328W WO 2005040667 A1 WO2005040667 A1 WO 2005040667A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
compressor
boil
tank
coolant
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2004/000328
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Per Erik Christiansen
Roy Inge SØRENSEN
Thormod Andersen
Original Assignee
Moss Maritime As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Moss Maritime As filed Critical Moss Maritime As
Priority to JP2006537915A priority Critical patent/JP2007510116A/en
Priority to EP04793701A priority patent/EP1682814A1/en
Publication of WO2005040667A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005040667A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
    • F17C2225/044—Localisation of the filling point in the gas at several points, e.g. with a device for recondensing gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0365—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling with recovery of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/039—Localisation of heat exchange separate on the pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/037—Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/90—Mixing of components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/04—Mixing or blending of fluids with the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/08—Cold compressor, i.e. suction of the gas at cryogenic temperature and generally without afterstage-cooler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for storage and transport of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in a tank where a boil-off is formed which flows from the tank to a compressor and thereafter to a heat exchanger, to which is added a coolant from a cooling plant, resulting in condensation of a component of the boil-off.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the invention is based on the device indicated and described in NO 305525 and the international application no. NO98/000888 belonging to the same applicant. It should be understood that the presentation of this patent publication or international application should form part of the presentation of the invention and consequently in the following description of the invention, only those components of the international application's device which are directly connected with the invention need to be described.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the above-mentioned device in order to achieve an optimal operation thereof.
  • this object is achieved by providing between the tank and the compressor an additional heat exchanger which is similarly supplied with coolant from the cooling plant, and which cools, but does not condense the boil-off flowing from the tank to the compressor, the coolant being added to the additional heat exchanger via a controllable regulator valve, by providing between the additional heat exchanger and the compressor a temperature sensor, which senses the temperature of the boil-off, and by the regulator valve being controlled by a control device which is supplied with signals from the temperature sensor for controlling the flow of coolant to the additional heat exchanger so that the boil-off from this heat exchanger to the compressor is held at a constant temperature.
  • the single figure is a connection diagram schematically illustrating an embodiment of a plant for storage or transport of LNG with a device according to the invention.
  • the plant comprises a tank 2 containing LNG 4 whose surface is indicated by reference numeral 6.
  • the tank space above this surface 6 communicates via a pipeline 8 with the inlet of a first compressor 12 driven by a motor 14.
  • the outlet of the compressor 12 communicates via a pipeline 16 with the inlet of a first passage 18 of a first cooler or heat exchanger 20.
  • a second passage 24 is provided, whose inlet is supplied with a refrigerated coolant from a cooling plant 26 constructed in a standard per se manner via a pipeline 30, and whose outlet returns the heated coolant to the cooling plant 26 via a pipe 28.
  • the cooling plant 26 comprises a second compressor 58 driven by a motor 60. On the downstream side of the second compressor 58 an intercooler 62 is provided on whose downstream side is mounted a third compressor 64.
  • the inlet of the second compressor 58 communicates with the outlet of a first passage 66 of a second cooler or heat exchanger 68 via a pipeline 70.
  • the outlet of the third compressor 64 communicates with the inlet of a second passage 72 of the second heat exchanger 68 via an intercooler 48 and a pipeline 73, and the outlet of the second passage 72 of the second heat exchanger 68 communicates with the inlet of an expansion turbine 74, whose outlet is connected with the inlet of the second passage 24 of the first heat exchanger 20 via the pipeline 30.
  • the third compressor 64 is driven by the expansion turbine 74.
  • boil-off flows from the tank 2 to the first compressor 12 via a first passage 111 of an additional or third cooler or heat exchanger 110 and a pipeline 113 which is provided between this heat exchanger 110 and the first compressor 12.
  • a pipeline 100 is connected to the outlet of the second heat exchanger 68 and is connected to the inlet of a second passage 112 of the additional heat exchanger 110 via a regulator valve 104 and a pipeline 108.
  • the outlet of the second passage 112 of the additional heat exchanger 110 is connected via a pipeline 114 with the inlet of the second compressor 58 and/or via a pipeline 116, which is indicated by a dotted line, with the pipeline 28 connecting the second passage 24 of the first heat exchanger 20 with the first passage 66 of the second heat exchanger 68.
  • a temperature sensor 120 For sensing the temperature of the boil-off in the inlet of the first compressor 12, on the pipeline 113 between the additional heat exchanger 110 and the first compressor 12 there is mounted a temperature sensor 120, which is arranged to provide signals concerning the value of this temperature to a control device 12 J.
  • the control device 121 in turn is arranged to provide signals to the regulator valve 104 for controlling the flow of coolant from the cooling plant 26 to the second passage 112 of the additional hea;t exchanger 110 in order thereby to attempt to keep the temperature of the boil-off in the pipeline 113 constant.
  • the temperature sensor 120 may be arranged to transmit electrical signals to the control device 121 which in turn can transmit electrical . signals to the regulator valve 104, but the temperature sensor and the control device may instead, e.g., be mechanical and arranged for mechanical control of the regulator valve.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

A device for storage and transport of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in a tank (2). In the tank an LNG boil-off is formed which flows to a compressor (12 ) and thereafter to a heat exchanger (20). The heat exchanger (20) is supplied with a coolant, which flows in a circuit of a cooling plant (26), resulting in condensation of a component of the boil-off. Between the tank (2) and the compressor (12) there is provided an additional heat exchanger (110), which is also supplied with coolant from the cooling plant (26), and which cools boil-off flowing from the tank (2) to the compressor (12).

Description

Device for storage and transport of liquefied natural gas
The invention relates to a device for storage and transport of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in a tank where a boil-off is formed which flows from the tank to a compressor and thereafter to a heat exchanger, to which is added a coolant from a cooling plant, resulting in condensation of a component of the boil-off.
The invention is based on the device indicated and described in NO 305525 and the international application no. NO98/000888 belonging to the same applicant. It should be understood that the presentation of this patent publication or international application should form part of the presentation of the invention and consequently in the following description of the invention, only those components of the international application's device which are directly connected with the invention need to be described.
The object of the invention is to improve the above-mentioned device in order to achieve an optimal operation thereof.
According to the invention this object is achieved by providing between the tank and the compressor an additional heat exchanger which is similarly supplied with coolant from the cooling plant, and which cools, but does not condense the boil-off flowing from the tank to the compressor, the coolant being added to the additional heat exchanger via a controllable regulator valve, by providing between the additional heat exchanger and the compressor a temperature sensor, which senses the temperature of the boil-off, and by the regulator valve being controlled by a control device which is supplied with signals from the temperature sensor for controlling the flow of coolant to the additional heat exchanger so that the boil-off from this heat exchanger to the compressor is held at a constant temperature.
The invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the drawing, which illustrates an embodiment of a device according to the invention.
The single figure is a connection diagram schematically illustrating an embodiment of a plant for storage or transport of LNG with a device according to the invention.
As illustrated in the figure, the plant comprises a tank 2 containing LNG 4 whose surface is indicated by reference numeral 6. The tank space above this surface 6 communicates via a pipeline 8 with the inlet of a first compressor 12 driven by a motor 14. I The outlet of the compressor 12 communicates via a pipeline 16 with the inlet of a first passage 18 of a first cooler or heat exchanger 20. In the heat exchanger a second passage 24 is provided, whose inlet is supplied with a refrigerated coolant from a cooling plant 26 constructed in a standard per se manner via a pipeline 30, and whose outlet returns the heated coolant to the cooling plant 26 via a pipe 28.
The cooling plant 26 comprises a second compressor 58 driven by a motor 60. On the downstream side of the second compressor 58 an intercooler 62 is provided on whose downstream side is mounted a third compressor 64.
The inlet of the second compressor 58 communicates with the outlet of a first passage 66 of a second cooler or heat exchanger 68 via a pipeline 70.
The outlet of the third compressor 64 communicates with the inlet of a second passage 72 of the second heat exchanger 68 via an intercooler 48 and a pipeline 73, and the outlet of the second passage 72 of the second heat exchanger 68 communicates with the inlet of an expansion turbine 74, whose outlet is connected with the inlet of the second passage 24 of the first heat exchanger 20 via the pipeline 30. The third compressor 64 is driven by the expansion turbine 74.
According to the invention boil-off flows from the tank 2 to the first compressor 12 via a first passage 111 of an additional or third cooler or heat exchanger 110 and a pipeline 113 which is provided between this heat exchanger 110 and the first compressor 12.
A pipeline 100 is connected to the outlet of the second heat exchanger 68 and is connected to the inlet of a second passage 112 of the additional heat exchanger 110 via a regulator valve 104 and a pipeline 108.
The outlet of the second passage 112 of the additional heat exchanger 110 is connected via a pipeline 114 with the inlet of the second compressor 58 and/or via a pipeline 116, which is indicated by a dotted line, with the pipeline 28 connecting the second passage 24 of the first heat exchanger 20 with the first passage 66 of the second heat exchanger 68.
For sensing the temperature of the boil-off in the inlet of the first compressor 12, on the pipeline 113 between the additional heat exchanger 110 and the first compressor 12 there is mounted a temperature sensor 120, which is arranged to provide signals concerning the value of this temperature to a control device 12 J. The control device 121 in turn is arranged to provide signals to the regulator valve 104 for controlling the flow of coolant from the cooling plant 26 to the second passage 112 of the additional hea;t exchanger 110 in order thereby to attempt to keep the temperature of the boil-off in the pipeline 113 constant. It will be appreciated that the temperature sensor 120 may be arranged to transmit electrical signals to the control device 121 which in turn can transmit electrical . signals to the regulator valve 104, but the temperature sensor and the control device may instead, e.g., be mechanical and arranged for mechanical control of the regulator valve.
Even though the temperature of the boil-off flowing into the pipeline 8 may vary much, it is therefore ensured by means of the invention that the boil-off at the inlet of the first compressor 12 is kept at a stable, low value, thus ensuring optimal operating conditions for the plant.

Claims

1. A device for storage and transport of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in a tank (2) where a boil-off is formed which flows from the tank (2) to a compressor (12) and thereafter to a heat exchanger (20), to which is added a coolant from a cooling plant (26), resulting in condensation of a component of the boil-off, characterised in that between the tank (2) and the compressor (12) an additional heat exchanger (110) is mounted which is similarly supplied with coolant from the cooling plant (26), and which cools, but does not condense the boil-off flowing from the tank (2) to the compressor (12), the coolant being added to the additional heat exchanger (110) via a controllable regulator valve (104), that there is mounted between the additional heat exchanger (110) and the compressor (12) a temperature sensor (120), which senses the temperature of the boil-off, and that the regulator valve (104) is controlled by a control device (121) which is supplied with signals from the temperature sensor (120) for controlling the flow of coolant to the additional heat exchanger (110) so that the boil-off from this heat exchanger to the compressor (12) is held at a constant temperature.
PCT/NO2004/000328 2003-10-28 2004-10-28 Device for storage and transport of liquefied natural gas WO2005040667A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2006537915A JP2007510116A (en) 2003-10-28 2004-10-28 LNG storage and transfer equipment
EP04793701A EP1682814A1 (en) 2003-10-28 2004-10-28 Device for storage and transport of liquefied natural gas

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20034821A NO322620B1 (en) 2003-10-28 2003-10-28 Device for storing and transporting liquefied natural gas
NO20034821 2003-10-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005040667A1 true WO2005040667A1 (en) 2005-05-06

Family

ID=29775127

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NO2004/000328 WO2005040667A1 (en) 2003-10-28 2004-10-28 Device for storage and transport of liquefied natural gas

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1682814A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2007510116A (en)
KR (1) KR20060130046A (en)
NO (1) NO322620B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005040667A1 (en)

Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1860393A1 (en) * 2006-05-23 2007-11-28 Cryostar SAS Method and apparatus for the reliquefaction of a vapour
JP2009533642A (en) * 2006-04-07 2009-09-17 ハムワージー・ガス・システムズ・エイ・エス Method and apparatus for preheating boil-off gas to ambient temperature prior to compression in a reliquefaction system
WO2011061169A1 (en) * 2009-11-18 2011-05-26 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Method of handling a boil off gas stream and an apparatus therefor
CN103953848A (en) * 2014-05-04 2014-07-30 国鸿液化气机械工程（大连）有限公司 Self-balancing re-liquefying system and work method thereof
WO2022033714A1 (en) * 2020-08-12 2022-02-17 Cryostar Sas Simplified cryogenic refrigeration system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3055692B1 (en) * 2016-09-06 2018-08-24 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude INSTALLATION, METHOD FOR STORING AND RELICITING LIQUEFIED GAS AND ASSOCIATED TRANSPORT VEHICLE

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WO1998043029A1 (en) * 1997-03-21 1998-10-01 Kværner Maritime A.S. Method and device for storage and transport of liquefied natural gas
US6192705B1 (en) * 1998-10-23 2001-02-27 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Reliquefaction of pressurized boil-off from pressurized liquid natural gas
US20010042377A1 (en) * 2000-03-09 2001-11-22 Josef Pozivil Reliquefaction of compressed vapour
US20030182947A1 (en) * 2002-03-28 2003-10-02 E. Lawrence Kimble Reliquefaction of boil-off from liquefied natural gas

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US3885394A (en) * 1972-12-11 1975-05-27 Sulzer Ag Process and apparatus for treating and utilizing vaporized gas in a ship for transporting liquified gas
WO1998043029A1 (en) * 1997-03-21 1998-10-01 Kværner Maritime A.S. Method and device for storage and transport of liquefied natural gas
US6192705B1 (en) * 1998-10-23 2001-02-27 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Reliquefaction of pressurized boil-off from pressurized liquid natural gas
US20010042377A1 (en) * 2000-03-09 2001-11-22 Josef Pozivil Reliquefaction of compressed vapour
US20030182947A1 (en) * 2002-03-28 2003-10-02 E. Lawrence Kimble Reliquefaction of boil-off from liquefied natural gas

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009533642A (en) * 2006-04-07 2009-09-17 ハムワージー・ガス・システムズ・エイ・エス Method and apparatus for preheating boil-off gas to ambient temperature prior to compression in a reliquefaction system
EP1860393A1 (en) * 2006-05-23 2007-11-28 Cryostar SAS Method and apparatus for the reliquefaction of a vapour
WO2007144774A2 (en) * 2006-05-23 2007-12-21 Cryostar Sas Method and apparatus for the reliquefaction of a vapour
WO2007144774A3 (en) * 2006-05-23 2008-10-16 Cryostar Sas Method and apparatus for the reliquefaction of a vapour
CN101495828B (en) * 2006-05-23 2011-10-19 克里奥斯塔股份有限公司 Method and apparatus for the reliquefaction of a vapour
WO2011061169A1 (en) * 2009-11-18 2011-05-26 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Method of handling a boil off gas stream and an apparatus therefor
CN102612621A (en) * 2009-11-18 2012-07-25 国际壳牌研究有限公司 Method of handling a boil off gas stream and an apparatus therefor
AU2010321008B2 (en) * 2009-11-18 2014-05-22 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Method of handling a boil off gas stream and an apparatus therefor
CN103953848A (en) * 2014-05-04 2014-07-30 国鸿液化气机械工程（大连）有限公司 Self-balancing re-liquefying system and work method thereof
WO2022033714A1 (en) * 2020-08-12 2022-02-17 Cryostar Sas Simplified cryogenic refrigeration system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20060130046A (en) 2006-12-18
NO20034821L (en) 2005-04-29
NO20034821D0 (en) 2003-10-28
NO322620B1 (en) 2006-11-06
EP1682814A1 (en) 2006-07-26
JP2007510116A (en) 2007-04-19

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